LJ May 13

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

The big picture: Mark Major on city lighting Roadway intersections: to illuminate or not?

May 2013

Contents

1

Lighting Journal May 2013 03 EDITORIAL

34 FOCUS GROUP

04 NEWS

36 A FORCE FOR GOOD

08 LIGHT MINDED/

10

LIGHT HEARTED

Could gravity be the solution to kerosene in developing countries?

10 THE BIG PICTURE

38 GREEN SIGNALS

Based on his recent IALD presentation, Mark Major analyses the process of lighting the city

18 TO ILLUMINATE OR NOT

TO ILLUMINATE ROADWAY INTERSECTIONS

Mark Rea summarises the findings

of his latest research into the role played by roadway lighting in accident prevention

24 A VIEW TO POSTERITY

18

The One Beam of Light initiative

Francis Pearce reports on a recent briefing on future trends and guidance changes that could have a profound effect on how museums are lit

28 ADDED VALUES

A look at new additions to Lighting Reality PRO software, including S/P ratio data and 3D enhancement

30 LIGHTING DESIGN

AWARDS: PRODUCT

Allan Howard dissects the EU’s first Eco-Lighting project workshop on devising new criteria for the Ecolabel and GPP

40 KEEPING UP TO SPEED

Keith Henry, VP technical, on delivering professional guidance

42 PRODUCTS 44 EGGS IN ONE BASKET

Lighting professionals should join up and join together, argues the IALD’s Emma Cogswell

45 CONSULTANTS’ DIRECTORY

46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY

LDA part two: winning luminaires and technology

COVER PICTURE

Kings Cross masterplan

by Speirs and Major See p10

34

Lighting Journal May 2013

Editorial Volume 78 No 5 May 2013 President Pete Lummis IEng MILP

I

’m sure we’re all heartily sick of the contradictory nature of the now almost obligatory daily health report. I perked up no end when I heard that chocolate and red wine were good for you, but then it was

decided that perhaps they weren’t after all. Until a few months later when

Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM

another group of researchers agreed with the first lot. When it really got

Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jill@theilp.org.uk

day. When it comes to research on the relationship

Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein MILP PLDA John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA Alan Jaques IEng MILP Keith Lewis, Nigel Parry IEng FILP Andrew Stoddart BEng (Hons) IEng MILP

up occasionally. Not long after the discovery of the

Advertising Manager Julie Bland Tel: 01536 527295 Email: julie@theilp.org.uk

out after a couple of experimental stabs (unless their

Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 Fax: 01788 540145 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by

3

silly was when they decided that water could be bad for you. This after endless propaganda about the need for a minimum two litres of water a between lighting and our wellbeing, we are not subject to too much conflicting information, but it does crop third receptor in the eye, it became an article of faith that in order to keep people alert it was necessary to subject them to bluer light and that this was the ideal colour temperature for workplace illumination. The basic tenet of cool, daylight temperatures providing a stimulating environment still makes sense and still holds, but we are even further off now from the blue light showers that seemed imminent at the time. And the 17,000K lighting installations also seemed to peter widespread adoption has escaped my attention). But now a new study from the Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that exposure to red light has the potential to increase alertness during the post-lunch dip (Alerting effects of short-wavelength [blue] and long-wavelength [red] lights in the afternoon, published in Physiology & Behavior journal). Clearly there isn’t space to examine the pros and cons here, and doubtless we will look into this and similar research in more detail in a future issue. The point is it highlights the dangers of dogmatism when it comes to what is good or bad for us in lighting terms and experimentalism in areas such as the workplace should be viewed with a great deal of caution. We are still at the early stages of our understanding of light, it seems, with a lot to learn and a lot of research still to be done.

Jill Entwistle

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com © ILP 2013 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal May 2013

4

News

Philips claims LED tube first

Brighter outlook for star gazing

Attempts to reduce light pollution may be starting to pay off, according to the results of the annual Star Count, organised by the Campaign to Protect Rural England. There has been a marginal increase in the percentage of people able to see a large number of stars, from two per cent of those taking part to five per cent.

People were asked to record how many stars they could see with the

Renamed Urbis moves to new premises Urbis – now known as Urbis Schréder – has moved to its brand new, fully owned premises in Chineham, Basingstoke, where the company has been based for 25 years.

The offices include a new showroom and training facilities, where the company will run regular seminars, plus new research and development, and technical testing facilities.

Lighting Journal May 2013

naked eye within the four corner points of the Orion constellation, one of the easiest to recognise. Half could only see 10 or fewer stars, but in some areas more than 31, and as many as 70 in rural areas.

Among the areas where 15 stars could be seen were parts of Kent, Hampshire and Essex in the south, and the Wirral in the north west.

London, Birmingham and Edinburgh had some of the worst views of stars, alongside areas with industry or ports.

The star count was carried out by 1364 volunteers between 8 and 18 February. Of those who took part, 54 per cent could see 10 stars or fewer within Orion, indicating severe light pollution in their area. The figure has remained largely unchanged since the survey began in 2007 The manufacture of the company’s luminaires remains at the old Houndmills site, with the new office dedicated solely to providing customers with technical, operational and service support.

‘In response to customer demand, we are also expanding our range of architectural and floodlighting solutions with a particular focus on LEDs,’ said Urbis managing director Ian Pratt.

Urbis Lighting became known as Urbis Schréder in April, strengthening ties with Belgian parent company Schréder Group, which operates across 44 countries.

Philips Lighting says it has created a prototype of the world’s most energyefficient warm white LED tube lamp.

Known as the TLED, it has an output of 200lm/W, compared with 100lm/W for fluorescent lighting.

‘It marks the first time that lighting engineers have been able to reach 200lm/W efficiency without compromising on light quality,’ says Rene van Schooten, CEO light sources and electronics for Philips Lighting.

‘This is a major breakthrough in LED lighting and will further drive the transformation of the lighting industry.’

The TLED lamp is expected to be on the market in 2015 for office and industry applications before eventually being available for domestic use.

Leeds consults residents on part-night switch off Leeds City Council has recently been consulting residents on proposals to turn off street lights at certain times of the night in a bid to save £1.3m over the next decade.

LCC has more than 92,000 street lights costing £4m in electricity every year. A desktop study of the existing street lighting in Leeds has revealed that one in eight lamps on main roads and one in 14 lamps on residential roads can be safely switched off, according to the council.

The proposed switch-off period will not apply to roads that have a significant road traffic accident record or areas with above average crime.

All 24-hour emergency services sites such as hospitals and residences accommodating vulnerable people will also be exempt.

News

5

Visual brain specialist to give 2013 annual Charles Marques lecture Semir Zeki, professor of Neuroesthetics at UCL, will give this year’s ILP Annual Charles Marques Memorial Lecture at the Royal Institution. His area of research is the visual brain, examining how it is organised using imaging and psychophysical techniques.

In his lecture, The Objectivity of Subjective Truths, Professor Zeki will discuss the idea that the only truths we can be certain of are subjective truths. He will show the relationship that exists between the declared intensity of these subjective experiences and the intensity of activity in specific brain areas that correlates with the subjective states.

Professor Zeki will also show some unusual

ICEL takes dim view of photoluminescent signs

Photoluminescent emergency exit signs, which rely on phosphorescent materials absorbing light during the day and then emitting it at night, should not be used instead of internally or externally electrically illuminated escape route signs, according to expert industry bodies.

With non-electrically charged photoluminescent exit signs on the increase, largely because customers are often looking for the cheapest solutions, including reduced use and cost of electricity, ICEL (Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting) and CELMA (Federation of National Manufacturers’ Associations) have evaluated their compliance.

They have concluded that they would not meet the requirements of the Fire Safety Order guidance and other regulations.

Without regular light charging, the sign will eventually go dark, losing 80 per cent of its brightness in the first 10 minutes, and will not function until recharged.

Signs located in corridors, staircases and internal rooms where there is little or no daylight available to charge them, are reliant on artificial light. With luminaires increasingly on control systems, including presence/ absence detection, sufficient light is less likely to be available.

lighting effects constructed in the brain, termed coloured shadows, which he has used to prepare art exhibits at the Pecci Museum of Contemporary Art in Milan, entitled White on White: Beyond Malevich.

In these, brilliant (subjective) colours are produced when a white sculpture is presented against a white background and illuminated by white light and light of different colours.

The lecture, sponsored by CU Phosco, takes place on 26 June at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London W1. Places are free but must be booked in advance. Contact jess@ theilp.org.uk

Controls company lands Crossrail contract Delmatic has landed the framework contract with Crossrail to provide Dali lighting control systems for the seven new central London Crossrail stations at Paddington, Bond Street, Tottenham Court Road, Farringdon, Liverpool Street, Whitechapel and Custom House.

The new high-frequency, high-capacity railway, Europe’s biggest construction project, covers 118km of track and entails boring 42km of new tunnels deep beneath London.

The Delmatic systems will provide networked lighting management throughout each station including Dali switching, dimming and monitoring within front-of-house and back-

of-house areas. The systems will integrate with both the central battery network, to provide emergency light monitoring and testing, and the BMS, forming a key part of the energymanagement systems throughout the stations.

According to Delmatic, it is the only supplier in the building controls field to offer a lifetime upgrade guarantee which states that any generation of system can be upgraded to the latest technology. As well as future proofing, this also makes the system more sustainable by reusing a large part of installed equipment.

The company estimates that around 95 per cent of a module is reusable or recyclable.

ILP publishes consumer advice The ILP has collaborated with several organisations to produce a leaflet aimed at consumers on residential security lighting. Getting Light Right has been produced in conjunction with Defra, the Campaign to Protect Rural England and the Campaign for Dark Skies.

Advising people on how to avoid obtrusive light, the leaflet covers areas such as choosing the correct wattage lamp, locating the fitting correctly and controlling the beam so that it doesn’t dazzle neighbours or cause upward light spill.

It also raises awareness of the issue of light nuisance, advising consumers that they can be reported to the local authority and potentially be fined.

Lighting Journal May 2013

6

News

A shady spot Belgian design does have a tendency to be a little out there, as the latest lighting wheeze from designer BuzziSpace testifies.

Although perhaps the expression should be ‘in there’. The BuzziShade is not only a light but also somewhere to go for a private conversation without leaving the room.

The lamp’s acoustic insulation prevents eavesdroppers from overhearing intimate conversations, and reduces external noise levels to a minimum. Could come in quite handy when you want to make a phone call.

Made from a recycled aluminium frame, PET felt and a thin metal base, it can be suspended from the ceiling, mounted on a wall or be freestanding.

Apparently the lighting inside is pleasantly diffused, so that everyone isn’t standing around a glaring light bulb.

SiLEDs are golden Scientists from KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany) and the University of Toronto, Canada, have succeeded in using silicon nanocrystals to manufacture siliconbased LEDs, known as SiLEDs. SiLEDs have the advantage of being free of heavy metals and can emit light in a range of wavelengths, according to scientists. Although silicon has long been considered an unsuitable material for LEDs, in nanoscopic dimensions

it has been shown to effectively emit light.

At the moment that is in the red visible spectral range and the near infrared. However, SiLEDs show considerable potential as highly efficient light emitters, says the team of Professors Uli Lemmer and Annie Powell from KIT and Professor Geoffrey Ozin from Toronto.

The KIT scientists specifically adjust the colour of the light emitted by the diodes by separating nanoparticles according to their size.

News in brief The SLL/CIBSE Ireland international lighting conference, supported by the ILP, attracted around 140 delegates to Croke Park stadium in Dublin last

month. The main themes of the one-day conference were lighting energy, quality and standards with Iain Macrae, Peter Raynham and Peter Boyce (pictured) delivering the keynote addresses. The event was organised by Dr Kevin Kelly (far left), head of the Department of Electrical Services Engineering at the Dublin Institute of Technology, who will be taking over from Iain Macrae as SLL president later this month.

All of the conference papers are now available from the Journal of Sustainable Design and Applied Research (SDAR): http://arrow.dit.ie/sdar/ Harvard Engineering has signed a sole agreement with metal halide specialist Venture Lighting for the distribution and sale of Harvard’s LeafNut CMS solution in the USA and Canada.

Glowing Dutch Artists, architects and engineers have submitted designs for the second edition of the Amsterdam Light Festival which will be held from November this year to January 2014. The theme of the festival is Building with Light. ‘We want to demonstrate the importance of light in all its facets, to the city but to mankind as well,’ said curator and artistic leader of the festival Rogier van der Heide, vice president and chief design officer of Philips Lighting, one of the sponsors. Last year the event atracted 375,000 visitors, a figure organisers are looking to increase.‘The next edition will consist of a more extensive water route and the visitors will be able to admire even more works during the Illuminade, a walking route across the city along light artworks,’ said Felix Guttmann, driving force behind the festival.

Lighting Journal May 2013

Sydney has become the first city in Australia to roll out LED street and park lights. The A$7m (£4.7m), three-year project began recently after an 18month trial in key areas such as Kings Cross, Alexandria Park and Circular Quay. The city has a total of 22,000 luminaires – 13,500 of them maintained

by Ausgrid (formerly Energy Australia) and 8500 by the city. Public lighting accounts for a third of Sydney’s use of 13,100 megawatt hours a year.

‘Replacing 6450 conventional light fittings will save nearly A$800,000 a year in electricity bills and maintenance costs,’ commented the city’s lord mayor, Clover Moore. The new lighting will comprise a mix of fittings including GE Lighting’s Duna, Iberia LED and R250 LED Road luminaires.

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LIGHT Minded...

Energy saving? Colin Ball, lighting associate at BDP, on one of the fallacies of switch off

I visited my mother recently, just to let her know I was still alive. She lives in a remote town in north Hertfordshire. Chatting over a cup of tea she updated me on the local gossip, how the neighbourhood was doing, how it wasn’t as safe as it used to be; nobody walked into town any more, nor did kids play outside.

Later that night, I took the rubbish out.

I noticed that none of the street lights was on, yet the street looked brighter than ever.

It was a full moon, and I was thinking that it’s surprising how bright one lux actually is – in fact the street actually looked brighter than the ones I’m used to in central London.

My mother told me that her district council had started switching off the street lights after midnight. ‘You now need a torch to get to the bin, it really is pitch black outside,’ she says. I’m thinking that this is a vast improvement. I’m a member of a dark skies campaign group and have readily accepted that lighting after an agreed ‘curfew’ (for want of a better term) is a good idea for many environmental reasons. Of course I’m not thinking from the perspective of a woman in her 70s.

When I was next outside, I noticed a crisp shadow coming from the wrong direction. This was more than just moonlight, I thought. Walking into the middle of the street I noticed plenty of lights still on: more than 20 GLS lamps or naked compact fluorescent lamps, no glare shields, no optics, glaring away along the street.

Since the street lights had been switched off, on an individual basis each neighbour had at some point decided that they now needed a light to their front garden, not just to get to their car or their bin, but left on, burning away at 2am and presumably until dawn when they remember to switch it off, if they ever do.

The council’s achievement here has not been to reduce carbon consumption, nor increase sensitivity to the rural night environment. It has successfully transferred its energy bill to the local residents. The net effect of this, however, has been to replace every 70W Son lamp on the street with at least three 18W CFL or three 60W GLS lamps supplied and powered by the residents.

Lighting Journal May 2013

Carbon consumption has increased, as well as light pollution, glare and issues of light trespass.

This observation of the change of lighting is entirely my own. My mother made no connection between that and her comments on how the community had changed. I noticed this purely because of my own involvement with the lighting industry and the research I conducted in the early years into street lighting.

We no longer recall a world when street lighting was first introduced, when it was sold as the bright vision of the future. But there was as much fear within the public reception regarding government imposition and control of power, as there was embracing of this new technology. Go back 100 years earlier and the revolutionaries of Paris, Berlin and Vienna are all referred to as ‘Lantern Smashers’. With the aim of reducing crime by the installation of street lighting, crime dramatically increased by the imposition of a new draconian law with severe punishments imposed on those who damaged the lanterns.

It was due to this revolutionary fervour that street lighting then had to be ‘sold’ as a desire. Edison not only patented one of the earliest electric light bulbs; to sell it, he patented the method of mass marketing.

We cannot turn back a century of mass marketing, let alone centuries of belief in the Devil of Darkness, hence we cannot turn round to the public and just switch the lights off, thinking the public will accept it. As my mother’s street shows, they will not.

If local authorities want to make a serious contribution to lowering energy bills for all, thereby reducing carbon output, light spill and health disruption to the environment, then switching ‘off’ should be switching ‘down’ or presence-sensing for streets. Or, as the above street may demonstrate, replacing street lights with sensing equipment provided through the local community, but with professional help for correct optics, controls and lamps.

As history shows, the public wants lighting for the sense of security, but they prefer light that is theirs to control.

8 Opinion

LIGHT Hearted Dominic Meyrick, lighting principal and partner, Hoare Lea Lighting, keeps his eyes open When I was doing industrial design in my 20s, I didn’t envisage that I would be fortunate enough to end up doing a job which gave me such an instant sense of satisfaction, and where a simple change in material, direction, colour, intensity and all manner of other variables can mean the difference between success and failure. Nature does lighting so well; human beings, on the other hand, are flawed and need time, knowledge and experience to get it right.

So what do I most love about lighting? Well, that you ‘see’ it, and that light is as essential to vision as vision is to light – they are mutually dependent, they need each other to exist. As I get older and find that I need glasses, I lament my fading eyesight and moan about needing more light.

What a self-centred, unappreciative ‘see-er’ I am. VIPs (visually impaired persons), wag imaginary fingers at me and tell me, quite rightly, that I should be grateful for the many years of 20/20 vision that I have enjoyed to date. But I take such delight in my sight and in light that this is one part of ageing that is particularly hard to accept.

So, next time you wander down the high street, looking at the shop windows, the architecture, the sky, birds, trees, don’t take your ability to see them for granted. Instead, just take a moment to close your eyes and marvel at the wonder of light and sight.

How truly amazing the process of seeing is and the neurons it fires in your brain; all those billions of images accessible from the memory bank that, just like actual photographic images, are all made possible by the power of light.

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10 Urban lighting

Big

The

Picture

One New Change, overlooking St Paul’s, London (lighting by Speirs and Major)

Based on his recent IALD presentation, Mark Major analyses city lighting and outlines a methodology

Urban lighting 11

‘Looking at cities can give a special pleasure, however commonplace the sight may be. Like a piece of architecture, the city is a construction in space, but one of vast scale, a thing perceived only in the course of long spans of time. City design is therefore a temporal art, but it can rarely use the controlled and limited sequences of other temporal arts like music. On different occasions and for different people, the sequences are reversed, interrupted, abandoned, cut across. It is seen in all lights and all weathers.’

– Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City (MIT) 1960

F

lying into most major cities on a clear night you will see an endless and seemingly random pattern of light and darkness stretched out below.

Such a view can be breathtaking: arrays of twinkling street lamps define the main arterial routes; floodlit landmarks are picked out against rooftops; dazzlingly bright green rectangles reveal the location of sports fields and stadia.

Most noticeable, however, are the areas that aren’t illuminated –pockets of retained darkness such as parks, rivers, lakes or other natural or manmade features; places where nature still reigns and mankind’s seemingly relentless quest to eliminate the night has not yet taken hold.

This ‘image of the city’ greatly differs around the world and reveals many things about their organisation: not only does the density of human activity become clear but the specific value placed on light, including the amount and colour, becomes immediately apparent. By example, the somewhat piecemeal and diverse nature of lighting in London may be directly compared with the more precisely planned hierarchy of Paris; or the dense, bright cool commercial light of Hong Kong contrasted with the much warmer and dimmer tones of Copenhagen.

This approach to analysing the lighting of any city is somewhat superficial being based on a visual impression alone. To really understand the presence of light in the public realm one needs to descend to ground level and experience the illumination of the streets, squares, monuments, landmarks, parks, rivers and other features that make up the experience of the city after dark. The aerial image, however, at least affords us a reminder that each and every lighting intervention is part of a more complex story; whether this is the floodlighting of a historic facade or the internal illumination of an office floor,

Lighting Journal May 2013

12 Urban lighting each incident becomes part of the illuminated city.

This understanding provides us with a clear message – to recognise that much like architecture and landscape design, we are involved with a ‘contextual’ design activity in which we must recognise that any single lighting project, however small, not only needs to meet the requirements of the specific brief and site but also the wider environment – or what might reasonably be called the ‘big picture’.

At Speirs and Major our interest in public lighting grew out of our background in architecture and urban design. We see it as an extension of both fields. While we acknowledge that the lighting we experience in our cities and towns owes much to the field of illumination engineering, we have always maintained that urban lighting is part of the field of ‘design’ – an art as well as a science.

This view has certainly assisted in the development of a tried and tested approach that has slowly evolved over a period of nearly 20 years, from our first proper lighting strategy for central Croydon in 1994 to our recently completed work as lighting design advisor for the Olympic Delivery Authority for London’s Olympic Park. That journey has seen the production of a series of detailed studies for various city centres, large urban conurbations and occasional

Lighting Journal May 2013

district centres commissioned by both local authorities and private developers. And while our methodology is only one way of arriving at the answers it certainly continues to provide us with a clear basis for design: every study demands fresh thinking to tackle specific issues, helping to create a different response to each problem. We work hard to avoid being formulaic or repetitive. It is not a recipe but a guide.

In approaching the design of public lighting we have broken the approach into six simple components: • • • • • •

Source: considering the application of light and the retention of darkness Standards: assessing the guidance that might be adopted Issues: identifying the various issues before, during and after the design Layers: balancing the various layers of light that make up the city after dark Legibility: creating a visual framework to improve the intelligibility of public space Sustainability: balancing the social and economic benefits of light with environmental consequences

Of course our passion for technology is always there behind

everything we do but we treat this as the means to the end and not a driving force. It must also be underlined that consultation and collaboration are also keys to the success of designing the lighting for any urban area – though we find that having a clearly set out methodology backed up with examples of best practice and benchmark studies often greatly helps with this process.

In the interests of brevity it is not possible to deal with each of the components in any amount of detail.

To that end the following aims to serve as a form of summary only: Source Our first thought is for the light itself: quality, quantity and effect. Given that the selection of lamp type dictates the pace there are limited possibilities.

Selection is often influenced by pragmatic factors such as existing types or maintenance. Despite this we start by defining the quality of the light itself in terms of colour appearance, colour rendering, degree of diffusion and so on to meet the specific needs of the site. This may be influenced by the prevailing materials, existing character and desired ambience.

Only then will we finally define the lamp type. And while at present one struggles with the options, we remain optimistic that as the use of new solid state technologies gathers pace it may soon be possible to customise the

Urban lighting 13 quality of the light itself for any city.

Alongside light we also consider darkness. Ever since the advent of organised street lighting the message has largely been ‘brightest is best and darkness is bad’. We are now beginning to learn that this is not necessarily the case, and while nobody is suggesting that our cities should be plunged back to the 18th century, the growing problem of overlighting is certainly raising questions. This is not just related to energy use, light pollution and impacts on biodiversity but, more important, the growing body of evidence that suggests that artificial light can have a detrimental impact on human health.

In that sense the arrival of new lamp and control technologies that will allow us to both direct and control light better is timely. The idea that we can tailor light precisely to create specific distributions or respond to different times of the night not only promises much in terms of energy savings but other significant benefits.

Standards For many years now the prevailing method of determining the lighting in any urban area has been to ask how much is required ‘on average’ and how evenly it might be distributed.

Such numerical exercises are often based on codes and guidelines that serve as a universal norm, sometimes irrespective of the nature of the area,

its specific context or the source of light selected. Despite the adoption of standards that not only provide a more sophisticated method of arriving at a lighting classification by taking into account such factors as the presence of crime, speed of traffic, and type of source, tables of classes leading to average lighting levels are still often employed as ‘rules’ rather than guidance.

Our approach is often to question the prevailing standards, not for the sake of it, but to arrive at a sensible balance between the amount of light actually required for a specific task and the prevailing view of what that should be – especially given the change to the spectrum of the sources in recent years.

This is particularly important where the street or amenity lighting alone is only part of the solution. Even if we succeed in dropping a lighting class or improving the character of an area, we feel some sense of success – as long as there is no compromise to safety and security. It is always much easier to play safe with public lighting and err on the side of brightness. The real challenge is to get the level of illuminance exactly right.

Issues Design is a problem-solving activity but solutions frequently mitigate between numbers of conflicting criteria where the designer is required

to provide the best balance. This is particularly the case with designing lighting in the public realm. Not only is there the need to consider key issues such as safety, security and accessibility but also develop character and reduce environmental impact. Not that there is necessarily always a conflict but certainly there are many examples of ‘well-lit’ streets that lack visual coherence and places full of character where safety and security are compromised.

Of course capital, operating cost and maintenance are all key considerations – in many cases overriding the best conditions for people. By the same token, overdesign in favour of ‘experience’ can often lead to elements of a scheme being switched off or removed. There is no ready solution as to how to strike the right balance in designing an exterior lighting scheme other than to accept that success very much depends on whether it ultimately makes a positive contribution to the life of the city and improves the use of an area after dark. Any amount of money saved or energy reduced to produce a poor scheme can be money and energy wasted – as can be the addition of frills and gimmicks.

Our approach aims to not only determine the key design criteria for any site but also find the right balance between them. This is usually one in

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Lighting Journal May 2013

14 Urban lighting

Top left, right and above: the Light and Darkness Strategy for Durham (Speirs and Major)

which safety and security are wellconsidered but without compromise to character: where environments are accessible and legible but without recourse to overillumination and where not only capital cost is considered but also a long-term commitment to maintenance is easy to sustain.

Layers Another key concept within our methodology is to understand that the illumination of the public realm is made up of a series of layers of light in different ownerships, each of which needs to be carefully analysed and designed and then managed as a whole. Beyond the presence of lighting within buildings, which is a key consideration at different times of the night, these ‘layers’ not only include street and amenity lighting but also architectural lighting, landscape lighting, security lighting, illuminated advertising, public art and temporary event lighting.

Lighting Journal May 2013

As our plane journey tells us it is the sum total of each of these layers that actually makes up the ‘big picture’.

The fact that many of those layers are not always in public control, despite having a profound impact on people’s lives, illustrates the problem. In some cases this tension between publically and privately owned light can create visual richness and diversity.

However, on other occasions poor design by one party or another can lead to conflict. Complaints about public lighting spilling through windows are as common as ill-considered privately owned floodlighting or illuminated signage which can blight an area.

This is perhaps where we must turn to the tradition of urban design and planning for answers. Why is it we design and plan our cities so carefully by day but fail to employ the same joined-up thinking after dark? While lighting strategies and masterplans that try to address this often gather dust

they are at least an attempt to take a holistic look at the problem rather than continuing with the current paradigm.

Perhaps it is only when the planning process actually demands a proper lighting plan to be at the heart of every community that we will see this area of urban design taken more seriously. In the meantime, the piecemeal approach of different interests designing and controlling different layers of light will continue.

Legibility Another key part of our approach is to consider how light might be distributed to make the city more legible. This article starts with a quote from the urban theorist Kevin Lynch, who back in 1960 wrote a short book called The Image of the City. In simplistic terms it identified key urban elements such as paths, districts, nodes, edges and landmarks as being the means by which one can create a ‘mental map’

Urban lighting of an urban area that is based on both immediate experience and memory. This helps with orientation, thereby avoiding the feeling of being lost and alienated.

While criticised in some quarters for being too ‘schematic’, Lynch’s work has relevance to lighting design. One of the many issues that drive lighting is fear created by disorientation. By day many of the visual clues we employ to navigate the city are visible. By night these disappear. By using light to help reinforce and identify the various key urban elements that inform choice we can provide a ‘visual guide’ to any urban area after dark.

Developing a ‘legibility diagram’ creates a framework that can guide the decision-making process when designing lighting – such as defining which routes are dominant and how to light them (particularly from a pedestrian point of view), identifying which key vistas can be reinforced, agreeing where principle meeting places might be lit to encourage dwell time, and defining key landmarks that might be illuminated and why.

Such analysis also requires how strong boundaries such as river’s edges, railway cuttings or the edges of parks and other topographical features – areas that are often in darkness – might be treated at night.

Most important, this approach not only forces the designer to try and understand the nature of the urban area they are dealing with but also requires them to come up with specific recommendations that are founded on the actual structure of that city rather than the application of generic

Over illumination from high street retailers

‘This leads to hard choices: do we make the lighting around a park brighter in response to fear of crime or do we reduce it to minimise impact on the local biodiversity? Do we allow lit media to encourage a night-time economy or protect sleep patterns of residents?’ solutions. It can also provide the basis by which to better explain what we are doing as part of any wider consultation.

Sustainability Last and by no means least the overriding principle that underpins our approach is the notion of trying to create a truly sustainable response.

The word sustainability is often overused. In the context of lighting it has also become a metaphor for challenging energy use and limiting light pollution alone. While there is some debate as to whether sustainability is best defined by

15

trying to achieve a balance between its three traditional cornerstones of social equity, economic growth and consideration of the environment, it must always be remembered when designing with light that we are dealing with something that we should regard as a precious commodity, which at the same time can be a crucial social and economic tool.

Where would our society be if it had not been for electric light? Certainly the development of the night-time economy in our urban centres would have been held back rather than making the significant contribution that it does to GDP. Furthermore, the ability of communities, neighbourhoods, families and individuals to connect after dark would be far more limited.

In aiming to create a sustainable approach to lighting development we see our role as trying to carefully balance the tangible benefits of illumination with the inevitable environmental impacts.

In some cases this leads to hard choices: do we make the lighting of an area around a park slightly brighter in response to fear of crime or do we reduce it to help minimise the impact on the local biodiversity? Do we allow the presence of lit media and illuminated advertising to encourage the development of the night-time economy in a local area or do we prevent this to protect the sleep patterns of local residents? These are certainly real issues that we work with every day and ones with which the readers of this magazine will no doubt be familiar.

Conclusion As indicated earlier, this synopsis of our approach to urban lighting has by necessity been brief. At the same time it has hopefully given an insight into the way in which we approach the problem of designing lighting for urban environments in a truly holistic manner.

While life on the street after dark is often not as romantic as the image of the city that we experience from the window of an aeroplane it is always deserving of a thoughtful approach – and certainly one in which all the various considerations are taken into account as an integral part of the design process.

If city design is truly a temporal art, as Lynch suggests, then surely how we perceive the city after dark is a natural extension of that art. Either way, if we can’t manage to see the big picture then we are certainly going to miss the point.

Lighting Journal May 2013

PROFESSIONAL INDUSTRY PARTNERS a new relationship between the lighting profession and the industry The first three Professional Industry Partners to join the ILP’s innovative new scheme are Woodhouse, Orangetek and WSP. Professional Industry Partners have the opportunity to support the ILP in providing more technical information, more training and more education to support lighting professionals now and in the future. These are the people who will develop new technologies, provide a competent and skilled workforce and contribute to the lighting community today and in the months and years to come.

All Professional Industry Partners are invited to attend themed discussion forums organised by the ILP to bring the profession and industry together under the Institution’s banner. You will also be able to tender for the opportunity to lead Technical Panels working on issues of importance to the industry and the profession. Alongside this there are a number of marketing and networking benefits provided to Professional Industry Partners.

BENEFITS TO YOUR ORGANISATION • Invitation to Professional Industry Partner forums.

• First opportunity to tender for leading new Technical Panels, under the ILP Technical Committee remit, to draft technical or educational information.

• Your company name listed in the acknowledgements section of every new ILP Professional Lighting Guide.

• A complimentary copy of every new ILP Professional Lighting Guide.

• Official ILP PIP Certificate.

• Inclusion in the Lighting Journal PIP section, on sign up and thereafter at least 5 times a year.

• Entitlement to use the ILP PIP logo on your company stationery and media.

• Inclusion in the ILP website PIP feature.

• Recognition in the ILP e-newsletter PIP section.

• Your logo on the welcome and departure screens at every ILP national event.

• Extra 5% discount on ILP member delegate rates for: i) ILP one day courses ii) Exterior Lighting Diploma iii) Professional Lighting Summit iv) ILP organised events

SUPPORT ILP TECHNICAL OUTPUT BECOME A PROFESSIONAL INDUSTRY PARTNER

18 Roadway lighting

To illuminate or not to illuminate roadway intersections

Lighting Journal May 2013

Roadway lighting 19

Mark Rea of LRC summarises his latest research on roadway lighting and its effect on accident prevention Mark S Rea,1 John D Bullough1 and Eric T Donnell2 1 Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University

T

here is much debate about the value of public lighting for roadways (CIE 1992; Beyer and Ker 2010). Fixed pole lighting is believed by some to improve driver safety by increasing the visual range afforded to drivers at night (IES 2000). By improving driver safety, the frequency and severity of crashes can be reduced. Others believe that roadway lighting is more expensive to own and operate than can be justified by the safety benefits to drivers that roadway lighting might provide (Letts 2012). At least, they believe, the evidence for social benefit is not always sufficient to justify public expenditures for roadway lighting (Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 2009).

The purpose of our recent study in Accident Analysis and Prevention (Bullough et al 2013) was to shed some light on this debate. To do so, we adopted a comprehensive methodology to examine the implicit links between roadway lighting, visibility and crash frequency. Previous studies have examined different aspects of this logical construct, but none were able to perform a complete analysis of these presumed links.

Some researchers have examined the statistical association between lighting and collisions, either in beforeafter or with-without study designs (for example, Lipinsky and Wortman 1978; Green et al 2003). Some have compared photometric measurements to the likelihood of collisions (Box 1971; Scott 1980). Some have attempted to compare visibility metrics with crash frequency (Janoff et al 1978; Keck 2001). None of these previous studies has been able to systematically examine all the links between lighting, visibility and crash frequency because those data did not exist.

Methodology We were fortunate to have access to the US Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database.

Here, several states documented the type and severity of crashes at

intersections, when they occurred, together with many of the physical characteristics of those intersections, sometimes including the presence (or absence) of fixed pole lighting.

Within the HSIS programme, the states of Minnesota (MN) and California (CA) had data with which to analyse the relationship between lighting presence and crashes.

Because the intersection type and location data were more detailed in MN than in CA, the research concentrated on crash frequency data in MN at 6464 intersections over four years (1999-2002). Very few of the crashes involved pedestrians.

‘The purpose of our recent study in Accident Analysis and Prevention (Bullough et al 2013) was to shed some light on this debate. Previous studies have been unable to systematically examine all the links between lighting, visibility and crash frequency because those data did not exist’ In addition to the frequency of crashes and the presence of lighting, HSIS data from MN also document the traffic volumes, posted speed limits, presence of traffic signals, and other physical attributes of each specific intersection. From these data and from the MN Department of Transportation’s

Roadway Lighting Design Manual, which documents roadway lighting practices in MN, we had the raw material needed to systematically examine the links between lighting, visibility and crash frequency.

Using commercially available and field-validated lighting calculation software, we created accurate photometric distributions of lighted and unlighted intersections as practised in MN. From the virtual photometric data, which included automobile headlights, the visibility of objects in that virtual environment for different drivers in and approaching an intersection could be computed (Rea et al 2010). These point-by-point visibility calculations provided what we termed visibility coverage areas for each of the lighting schemes practised in MN. The visibility coverage areas were based on the relative visual performance (RVP) model from Rea and Ouellette (1991), and represented the mean RVP scores for all combinations of car-to-car positions and three driver ages, 30, 45 and 60 years.

In parallel, the crash frequency data from MN were modelled using negative binomial regressions (Donnell et al 2010). The crash frequency data set was large enough to model intersections with and without lighting while simultaneously considering other factors that might contribute to crash frequency such as traffic volume, signalisation and posted speed limits.

Two statistical models were developed, one for the expected frequency of daytime crashes and one for the expected frequency of night-time crashes. The daytime crash model served, in effect, as a control condition for the night-time crash model because both models are based on the same intersections, which allowed us to test the assumption that lighting during the daytime should not have any effect on daytime crash frequency.

Calculated night/day crash ratios with and without intersection lighting were then used to estimate the difference in crash frequencies across a variety of intersection types.

Lighting Journal May 2013

20 Roadway lighting Location type

Intersection signalisation Signalised

Unsignalised

Urban/suburban

Change in visibility coverage area: +0.73 Difference in night/day crash ratio: -7%

Change in visibility coverage area: +1.86 Difference in night/day crash ratio: -13%

Rural

Change in visibility coverage area: +0.27 Difference in night/day crash ratio: 0%

Change in visibility coverage area: +0.21 Difference in night/day crash ratio: -2%

Table 1: Reduction in modelled night/day crash ratios and improvements in visibility coverage area for four types of intersections

Figure 1: positive correlation between the modelled increases in visibility coverage area (RVP) and predicted change in the night/day crash ratio (N/D) for four types of intersections

Results Although estimates of crash frequencies and of visibility coverage areas for all intersections were determined (indicating an overall 12 per cent reduction in the night/day crash ratio for intersections with lighting), it seemed more useful to break down the total number of intersections into a 2 x 2 matrix of intersection characteristics, rural versus urban/suburban intersections and signalised and unsignalised intersections. Table 1 (top) shows the results of the visibility coverage areas and the modelled crash frequencies for the four types of intersections. Figure 1 (above) shows the correlation between the values in Table 1.

Discussion The comprehensive approach and the techniques used in our research present a state-of-the-art assessment of the impact of roadway lighting on crash safety. Like nearly every other previous study related to crash safety due to fixed pole lighting, the results of the present analysis support the inference that roadway lighting is related to a lower expected crash frequency.

Lighting Journal May 2013

‘Not only can one make decisions about levels of illumination but also new optical designs for roadway lighting’ The overall reduction in the night/ day crash ratio for intersections with lighting of 12 per cent in our study (Donnell et al 2010) is, however, more modest than has been previously suggested (for example, 30 per cent [CIE 1992]). For rural intersections, in fact, it may be difficult to justify installing (or maintaining) roadway lighting unless traffic volumes are high (Bullough and Rea 2011). Without question, additional studies need to be undertaken to extend the results of this study. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to acquire data of the type and quality provided by the state of MN. Rarely (if ever) are there data both on crash frequency and on lighting practice for sample sets large enough to develop

meaningful statistical associations.

Assuming that the analysis summarised here is generalisable to other states and to other countries, the transfer function in Figure 1 provides opportunities for decisions about roadway lighting based on the logical relationship between visibility and safety. The impact on crash safety by any method for increasing visibility can be quantitatively assessed.

Not only can one begin to make decisions about the levels of illumination that should be provided at intersections, but also for new optical designs for fixed roadway lighting, and even vehicle headlights can be quantitatively assessed as they can affect hazard detection and identification, and thereby interpreted in terms of the crash safety benefits they would provide. Of interest too, it is possible to perform sophisticated benefit/cost calculations to determine when lighting systems should or should not illuminate intersections. By taking into account traffic volumes, the cost of installing and maintaining fixed pole lighting, and the economic benefit of avoided crashes (property damage, injury or death), it is possible to make benefit/cost calculations of roadway lighting (Bullough and Rea 2011). By placing roadway lighting on a benefit/ cost foundation, other safety mitigation strategies can be readily compared on an equal basis.

In summary, we hope that this study is a major breakthrough in the ongoing discussion of whether to illuminate or not illuminate roadway intersections.

It can provide a foundation for new optical and temporal control technologies in both fixed roadway and vehicle lighting. It also provides a foundation for comprehensive benefit/ cost evaluations of roadway illumination by agencies charged with making informed quantitative decisions on behalf of the public.

21 Roadway lighting

REFERENCES Beyer FR, Ker K. 2010. Street lighting for preventing road traffic injuries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CD004728).

Box PC. 1971. Relationship between illumination and freeway accidents. Illuminating Engineering 66: 365-393.

Bullough JD, Donnell ET, Rea MS. 2013. To illuminate or not to illuminate: roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections. Accident Analysis and Prevention 53: 65-77.

Bullough JD, Rea MS. 2011. Intelligent control of roadway lighting to optimise safety benefits per overall costs. 14th Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (pp. 968-972), Washington, DC, October 5-7.

CIE. 1992. Roadway Lighting as an Accident Countermeasure. Vienna, Austria: Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage.

Donnell ET, Porter RJ, Shankar VN. 2010. A framework for estimating the safety effects of roadway lighting at intersections. Safety Science 48: 1436-1444.

Green ER, Agent KR, Barrett ML, Pigman JG. 2003.

Roadway Lighting and Driver Safety. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky.

Illuminating Engineering Society. 2000. American National

Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting. New York, NY: Illuminating Engineering Society.

Janoff MS, Koth B, McCunney W, Berkovitz M, Freedman M. 1978. The relationship between visibility and traffic accidents.

Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 7: 95-104.

Keck M. 2001. A new visibility criteria for roadway lighting.

Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 30: 84-88.

Letts Q. 2012. It may seem dim, but turning off our street lights is a bright idea. Daily Mail (November 29).

Lipinski ME, Wortman RH. 1978. Effect of illumination on rural at-grade intersection accidents. Transportation Research Record 611: 25-27.

Rea MS, Bullough JD, Zhou Y. 2010. A method for assessing the visibility benefits of roadway lighting. Lighting Research and Technology 42: 215-241.

Rea MS, Ouellette MJ. 1991. Relative visual performance: a basis for application. LR&T 23: 135-144.

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. 2009.

Artificial Light in the Environment. Norwich, UK: The Stationery Office.

Scott PP. 1980. The Relationship Between Road Lighting Quality and Accident Frequency. Berkshire, UK: Transport and Road Research Laboratory.

Lighting Journal May 2013

YOUR INVITATION TO ATTEND A

ONE OF A KIND EVENT

Uttoxeter Racecourse 4 June 2013 10am – 4pm YOU wIll AlsO hAVE ThE OppORTUNITY TO:

• Meet a wide range of lighting organisations offering lighting technology, products and services • Enquire about ILP membership upgrading at the Professional Development Zone • Network with your peers in a face to face setting • Develop new ideas and strategies to take back to the workplace • Increase your competency in line with the Lighting Professional Development Framework requirements • Liaise with ILP Midland, Northern and Western Region representatives • Benefit from free entry, free CPD, free lunch, free parking • Show your support for your independent, not for profit, professional Institution

YOUR INVITATION TO ATTEND A ONE OF A KIND EVENT

Lightscene includes three free seminars of vital importance to lighting engineers, designers, consultants and manufacturers.

If you are designing or maintaining public lighting in 2013, you need to know this information:

DON’T lOsE slEEp OVER cONFlIcT AREAs

Nick Smith IEng MILP, Nick Smith Associates Ltd Nick will explain how ILP Professional Lighting Guide 02 gives a clear picture of various types of conflict area and assists the designer in determining if a junction is a conflict area. PLG02 explains the functions of lighting conflict areas, along with the extent of the conflict area, something which in the past has given constant concern to the lighting designer. This Professional Lighting Guide is referenced in the new British Standard and is a ‘must have’ for any lighting designer who is required to design any type of road lighting scheme.

Nick led the committee who produced this document – don’t miss the chance to hear from the ultimate expert in this field.

ThE hIghwAYs MAINTENANcE EFFIcIENcY pROgRAMME Peter Hosking IEng MILP, Leicestershire County Council

HMEP is designed to transform the local highways sector and deliver efficient and effective services. The Department for Transport are providing £6 million funding.

HMEP is a partnership between public and private sectors, and the programme team consists of representatives from local and highway authorities, companies and central government.

Peter will explain how HMEP affects you, whatever type of organisation you are from. The initiative is underway and runs to 2018 so this is something you need to know about now.

ThE lANTERNs sTUDY: lOcAl AUThORITY cOllAbORATORs’ NATIONAl EVAlUATION OF REDUcED NIghT-TIME sTREETlIghT Dr Phil Edwards, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Many councils in England and Wales are switching off, or dimming, some street lights at night. This has attracted public concern about possible impacts on safety.

Now the LANTERNS study has been launched to evaluate the effects of reduced lighting on two important public health outcomes: road traffic crashes and crime.

The study is coordinated by the Transport & Health Research Group and the Department for Security and Crime Science.

Phil will reveal more about this brand new project and you will learn how your participation can affect the lives of the public, now and in future. All those responsible for public lighting should make every effort to attend.

BOOK YOUR FREE PLACE TODAY AT www.theIlp.org.uk/lightscene

24

Museum lighting

A view to posterity New technology and changing museum culture will affect how we light art and artefacts.

Francis Pearce reports on a recent briefing on future trends

Titanic Belfast, lighting by Sutton Vane Associates, opened last year: the Museums 2020 initiative augurs trends away from permanent displays and towards more flexible use of space

Lighting Journal May 2013

Museum lighting

Maurice Davies, head of policy at the Museum Association

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Lighting Design also told the briefing, the 50 lux limit ‘has nothing to do with conservation; it is all about visibility’. It was established on the basis of being the lowest level at which most people can perceive full colour under incandescent light with a CRI near 100.

Light dosage is now seen as a more meaningful metric than lighting levels alone. The tools currently available for monitoring light damage range from the relatively low-tech ISO Blue Wool standards, a benchmark of colourant sensitivity, through to microfadeometry in which areas as tiny as 200 microns across are tested.

One method of judging acceptable dosage, described at the briefing as ‘crude but numerical and pragmatic’, was developed by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The V&A scheme breaks the useful coloured lifetime of an object into 50-year blocks during which periods they are allowed one ‘just noticeable fade’ (JNF) or perceptible change. Using the ISO Blue Wool standards, a sensitive object could be displayed

I

n late 2013 or early 2014 the SLL is expected to publish its revised Lighting Guide 8: Lighting for Museums and Art Galleries. It will include an expanded chapter on material degradation caused by light to collections, in addition to whole chapters on the use and control of daylight, artificial lighting, lighting controls and energy efficiency.

Meanwhile, in March, the Museums Association (MA) published responses to its Museums 2020 initiative on the future of museums and galleries, which augurs trends away from permanent displays and exhibitions, and towards a more flexible use of space.

Between them, LG8 and Museums 2020 will have a significant impact on lighting design in this sector, according to speakers at a recent briefing hosted by Precision Lighting, which specialises in lighting for this sector. In the near future, the people responsible for lighting design at museums and galleries – who may not all be lighting professionals – will face a range of resulting technical challenges.

Many old certainties are being swept away. In particular, there is a new approach to the trade-off between displaying light-sensitive objects and conserving them, just when there is also greater use of daylight in museums.

Until recently, museums have concentrated on lighting levels but LG8 technical editor Tad Trylski, design director of Light Bureau, told the briefing that the new LG8 ‘talks about lux multiplied by hours or dosage; discusses “fugitive materials”, which are more light sensitive, and gives some guidance on the concept of “just perceptible fade”’.

‘If you can see it you’re damaging it,’ adds Trylski. ‘We can’t stop light damage happening, but we can measure how long it will be before we can see a change, and from that we can work out the dose or exposure rather than using the often accepted fallback of 50 lux.’

Museums mainly stick to the illumination limits of 50 lux for light-sensitive or fugitive materials, and originally a limit of 150 lux, later raised to 200 lux, for more stable items such as oil paintings. These were laid down in Garry Thomson’s 1978 book The Museum Environment but, as SLL committee member Stephen Cannon-Brookes of Cannon-Brookes

Tad Trylski, design director of Light Bureau and technical editor of LG8

for a maximum of two years per decade at 50 lux exposure.

In addition to controlling exposure, it also has to be measured. ‘The majority of museums are happy to keep records of humidity and temperature, but we need to do it for light and consider whether it is light in the gallery or light on an object. It is all part of the same set of data that you need to keep track of,’ says Edinburgh-based Kevan Shaw of KSLD, who chairs the LG8 committee. ‘You need a layer of monitoring and management to determine what the actual exposure is over time on these objects.’

This is not a task that historically has had a traditional ‘ownership’, adds Shaw. ‘There is a disagreement over whether it should be curators or conservators who should be doing it. The lighting designer’s role could be part of that process but that involves time and cost that most museums and galleries struggle to fund.’ The MA calculates that museum funding will have dropped 20 per cent in real terms between 2000 and 2015.

Cannon-Brookes says that the new guide is written not only for lighting professionals but also for the ‘member of staff, a conservator, an administrator, a curator or facilities manager who is making decisions about lighting’. He says it is outside

Lighting Journal May 2013

26

Museum lighting

its remit to determine the sensitivity of an individual item but also warns that lighting professionals and nonprofessionals alike should avoid getting ‘fixated on numbers’.

Other than some specialists and exceptional technical departments such as that of the National Gallery, museum professionals are generally ‘frightened’ of lighting’s scientific aspect and ‘risk averse when it comes to conservation’, according to Maurice Davies, the MA’s head of policy. In addition, the guidelines are being overhauled at a time when institutions are questioning their role and making fundamental changes to the way they operate, trends reflected in Museums 2020, ‘a discussion of all the things that museums say they want to achieve’.

The Museums 2020 consultation paper sent out last year said that museum content ‘needs to be in a constant state of change and renewal’.

Davies told the briefing that ‘there is a growing school of thought that people are getting less comfortable with the model we have of creating permanent galleries every 20 or 30 years, and there is an aspiration that displays should be more flexible even in intricate installations with tailored lighting.The main spaces in museums should be used more flexibly for activities, events, and out of hours. That must have implications for the way that lighting is designed.’

The current version of LG8 was published in 1994. The new guide’s chapter on selecting electric lighting includes LEDs and anticipates the outlawing of some sources but is not meant to be prescriptive, recognising that almost as soon as the guide is published the technology will have evolved. The slippery nature of LED development is one of the key reasons that LG8 has been long in the updating.

‘We have to stay ahead of the curve and within a year of the guideline coming out the technology will have moved on so it is written with that in mind,’ says Cannon-Brookes. The problem though, he adds, is that ‘a lot of lighting decisions by museums are being driven by facilities management looking at cost/benefit analysis on changing light sources and being pressured into changing them relatively quickly without really being aware of the consequences.’ www.museumsassociation.org/ museums2020

Lighting Journal May 2013

‘Many old certainties are being swept away.

In particular, there is a new approach to the trade-off between displaying lightsensitive objects and conserving them’

Hepworth Wakefield, lighting (daylight and electric) by Arup: carefully controlled natural light is increasingly being used in museums

Advertorial

In the spotlight with the Journal

Showcase your products and services to the lighting community, or let your fellow professionals know what’s new by advertising in the Journal Features for June

Street lighting as an art?

How the borough of Southwark does it The IALD Award winners

Call Julie on 01536 527295 email: julie@theilp.org.uk

28

Lighting software

Added values

A look at the latest updates to Lighting Reality PRO software which now includes S/P ratio data

F

ollowing the publication of BS5489-1: 2013, the recently revised British Standard code of practice for road and public amenity lighting design, software company Lighting Reality has included S/P (scotopic output/photopic output) ratios in the latest version of its street and outdoor lighting application, Lighting Reality PRO. BS5489-1: 2013, released at the end of December 2012 (see Lighting Journal February), has been revised to include new guidance on how to save energy and improve visibility on subsidiary roads by switching to white light sources and, among othermeasures, recommends specifying sources for subsidiary roads based on S/P ratios. The new standard also introduced an option for variable lighting for most road lighting applications and emphasised risk assessment in selecting lighting classes.

BS5489-1: 2013 defines classes of road according to the visual needs of

Lighting Journal May 2013

road users. The new edition allows an upgrade to a white light source to be accompanied by a reduction in

‘The lighting designer selects luminaires and optics. The programme looks up the source in a preloaded database to determine its S/P ratio and adjusts the target illuminance levels’ the P Class lighting level as defined in CIE 115: 2010. The standard’s predecessor allowed a whole-class reduction for lamps with a colour-

rendering index greater than Ra60 but research since 2003 suggests that S/P ratios are a more meaningful metric than Ra in selecting lamp types for use at the low (mesopic) lighting levels specified for pedestrian routes and residential streets.

In April, Lighting Reality released version 1.6 of the package to include calculation grids based on S/P ratios, together with enhancements to its 3D functionality, partly intended to aid lighting design at junctions and conflict areas.

Using the calculation grids, a lighting designer specifies road and column geometry and road lighting class, then selects appropriate luminaires and optics. The programme then looks up the source in a preloaded database to determine its S/P ratio and adjusts the target illuminance levels in line with PLG03 (Mesopic Vision), published by the ILP in late 2012.

The software comes preloaded with photometric data and S/P ratios

Lighting software

Example of 3D sloping grid from Lighting Reality PRO V1.6

from the major international lighting manufacturers. Where the data is not yet available, says the company, photometric polar diagram and lantern image files can be updated online. The software displays the polar diagram, lantern image and the photometric file data for each luminaire. An existing dimming function covers the use of variable lighting.

Lighting Reality claims that its software is used by more than 96 per cent of local authorities and major consultancies in the UK. The software’s chief selling point to date has been that it allows designers to see the effect of changes in real-time as fittings are selected, moved or changed. As is the way with software, however, this workhorse model is gaining in sophistication.

For example, the new version’s enhanced 3D functionality includes new calculation grids in the vertical plane, sloping grids, variable-height horizontal grids and horizontal

grids rotated about the z-axis.

The number of grids available has increased from 10 to 20, and they can be vertical or sloping in any direction.

This enables the rapid creation of complex designs for pedestrian crossings, conflict area junctions and building facades.

It can also be used for area lighting and locations such as car parks and stadiums, where designers can use the 3D design capability to analyse and avoid intrusive or spill light to aid compliance with dark sky and light nuisance reduction legislation and guidelines.

The software supports other key road lighting standards, including EN 13201, CIE 115 and IES RP08 for North American users, and is available in a multi-language version for French, German and Dutch speakers.

Designers can import DXF or DWG files in AutoCAD 2010 format, or earlier, and reports can be customised and printed on any paper format.

29

Luminaire selection box with S/P ratios

A free 30-day trial is available from www.lightingreality.com.

The website also contains video demonstrations of the software.

The ILP has adopted Lighting Reality PRO for its own training. For example, its one-day seminars on BS5489-1 (next one 13 June, 2013) give worked examples of designing for conflict areas using the software.

Lighting Reality also offers CPDaccredited training including a one-day seminar on BS5489-1: 2013 and the associated standard BSEN13201: 2003. It gives an understanding of the optimal selection of lantern optics and their configuration in relation to the standard, and the luminous intensity classes now being derived as ‘installed for use’.It also looks into the origins and comparative features of the differing types of photometric files used for ‘source data’.The course attracts five CPD credits.

Lighting Journal May 2013

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Awards

Lighting Design Awards: products Light Sources

Lighting Controls

Winner

Winner

The E-CORE light engine is designed to be future proof with an integrated driver, thermal contact, optics and chip on board. It was described by the judges as ‘a genuinely replaceable LED lamp to create quality luminaires with minimum investment’.

Fitting in the socket with a 15-degree twist, it enables luminaire designers to create a standard fixture with many variations without additional tooling. The E-CORE has an output of 53lm/W and a 40,000-hour lifetime (L70). A 40mm cross-sectional silicon heat pad ensures that heat is driven directly to the heatsink, away from the LED chip. If the specification changes, the interchangeability means that both colour temperature and beam angle can be changed by switching to a different version. ‘The first truly Zhaga-compliant LED engine,’ concluded the judges. ‘An exciting view of the future LED downlight.’

Specially designed for the iPad, the iDirect lighting control app allows RCL fixtures to be controlled using simple, intuitive gestures, enabling the user to watch the fitting not the device. A simple addressing system assigns DMX addresses to lights remotely allowing pan, tilt and dimming control. A reflected ceiling plan in PDF form can be emailed to the iPad and presented on screen as a Light Plan. Lights can be selected and positioned on the plan at the touch of a finger. Taking the concept further than existing iPad apps, it is specifically optimised for the hospitality and art markets that RCL operates in. It can also be used to control other DMX lights such as LED strips and, via a suitable dimmer, chandeliers and other conventional luminaires. ‘An impressive combination of existing RCL technology and touch-based control,’ commented the judges. ‘As it says on the tin, great innovation that brings together knowledge and understanding, and technology and creativity to solve a practical requirement.’

E-CORE LED light engine Toshiba Information Systems

HIGHLY COMMENDED E-CORE GU10 7.1W 355lm Truefit Dimmable Toshiba Information Systems SHORTLISTED Parathom Classic A60 Advanced Osram Lumileds Luxeon Z Philips Lighting E-CORE Candle 6W Dimmable Toshiba Information Systems UK

Lighting Journal May 2013

iDirect Remote Controlled Lighting

HIGHLY COMMENDED DALIeco System Osram SHORTLISTED Lumentalk Lumenpulse CityTouch Philips Lighting

Awards

31

In the second part of our LDA review, we looking at the winning technology

Exterior Luminaires

Interior Luminaires

Winner Fusion intelligent architectural floodlights ACDC Lighting

Winner Concord Glacé Havell-Sylvania

Also designed for interior use, ACDC’s family of intelligent architectural floodlights offer dynamic colour change (RGB, RGBA, RGBW) and dynamic white (CW, WW) floodlighting. Available in 24, 36 and 60 LED configurations, the fittings have automatic channel configuration, temperature compensation algorithms (for consistent colour mix over temperature) and an exponential dimming curve. It’s also possible to optimise colour output (up to 200 per cent output per channel when one or more channels are dimmed with increased output on saturated colours). With fully integrated driver and control circuitry, the fittings have a pivoting cylindrical base (interchangeable for different site conditions) allowing maximum tilt adjustment. With a simple, clean aesthetic and designed to be easy to specify, install and commission, it is ‘the Apple Mac of floodlights,’ said the judges. ‘You just have an empathy with this product.’

The ultra-slim Glacé was designed to redefine the traditional ambient-style bulkhead fitting.

‘It features innovation on several levels, lifting a simple product type into a different league,’ said the judges. Available in wall and ceiling mounted, and pendant versions, the Glacé uses an array of 70 super-efficient low-power LEDs with a high-transmission diffuser to reduce power consumption, increase fixture lumens and boost performance. At 500mA, the fitting uses 13W total luminaire power and delivers 1080lm with 83lm/W (in high-output configuration, 1500lm, producing an average 150 lux for circulation spaces). Judges were particularly impressed by the original method of injecting light into the diffuser, creating highly homogeneous illumination. The Total Internal Reflection (TIR) luminaire (patent pending) combines the face profile and BWF Satlite material to optimise optical light distribution. ‘Excellent engineering, creating truly outstanding uniformity and ease of installation,’ commented the judges.

HIGHLY COMMENDED Arclight Meyer FreeStreet Philips Lighting SHORTLISTED Luxon LED Street Low Carbon Lighting Lumenbeam LBX Lumenpulse

HIGHLY COMMENDED LED Pipes by Flos Atrium TM Picture Light TM Lighting SHORTLISTED Alvara 2nd Generation Ceravision Lighting Concord Beacon Projector

Havells-Sylvania UK Fonckel One Fonckel Proteon Holophane Europe UK Laser Blade iGuzzini Helios XAL Marc XAL

Lighting Journal May 2013

Did you know, that if you take a place in the Consultants’ Directory (see page 45) the listing is included on the main ILP website with your company logo

The Lighting Directory for ÂŁ50 per entry per month you can advertise your products and services see pages 46-47

call Julie on 01536 527295

call Julie on 01536 527295

email: julie@theilp.org.uk

email: julie@theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal May 2013

34

Exhibition

Focus group

‘From the beginning, we envisaged a project that brought the lighting design community together to demonstrate the medium of light and how it can be manipulated to create something thoughtprovoking and different’ – Light Collective Lighting Journal May 2013

Growing Light - Taking Space (Stefan Lotze)

Reflexions (Irene Bas)

Exhibition

35

Jill Entwistle on a creative initiative that relied on a single source of inspiration

F

irst a lighting show at London’s Hayward Gallery and then last month an exhibition of light photography at the prestigious Institute of Contemporary Arts on The Mall. In cultural terms, lighting seems to be going seriously legit this year.

The One Beam of Light exhibition at the ICA did have a bit of an industry shove, it has to be said – sponsored by Concord and organised by Light Collective – but opening consumers to new lighting possibilities never did any harm.

A worldwide photography initiative launched last October,

One Beam of Light invited lighting professionals to interpret the theme using a single source of light. Concord donated a variety of its latest LED Beacon Projectors to help with the creation of their images.

Out of the 380 images that were submitted from as far afield as Taiwan and Brazil, the exhibition featured 31 photographs. The images were curated by a guest panel that included Keith Bradshaw of Speirs and Major, Gerd Pfarré of Pfarré Lighting Design, and veteran designer Terence Woodgate of Studio Woodgate.

Yin Yang (Paolo Portaluri)

Eternal light (Spyros Perdiou)

Smoke (Joost Witsenburg) The Big Beam! (Mark Major)

Cool beams (Katie Hanchard-Goodwin)

SUN SPOT Lenaustrasse (Herbert Cybulska)

36

Future concept

A force for good The latest answer to bringing light to the developing world

T

here have been a number of initiatives designed to resolve the widespread use of hazardous kerosene lamps in developing countries, from solar power to hydroelectric microgrids and recycled car batteries. According to the WHO, 2.5m people a year suffer from burns from kerosene lamps. The fumes also cause lung cancer, eye infections and cataracts. Poor households in remote areas with no electricity also spend an estimated 10-20 per cent of their income on the fuel. Most solutions have proved problematic because of cost or technical challenges. But the answer could be as simple as an apple falling off a tree: gravity power.

After months of refining and testing, the GravityLight, created by British industrial designers Martin Riddiford and Jim Reeves, is poised for global field trials this summer. The size of a pineapple, the lamp is powered by an 11kg weight – a robust bag that can be filled with rocks or sand and hung from a cord below the light – which drops around 2m over half an hour.

This drives a silent motor at thousands

Lighting Journal May 2013

of rotations a second, producing light for 30 minutes. As well as shining slightly brighter than most kerosene lamps, it may also keep you fit as it has to be manually lifted to repeat the process.

The light strength can be adjusted, from strong task lighting to a longer-lasting low-level glow. The lamp has two terminals on the front so that it can also be used as a generator to recharge other devices including radios and batteries.

A co-founder of London-based product design firm Therefore, Riddiford was inspired by a meeting with a charity interested in solar technology. ‘I just sort of had this vision of, well, why can’t you use human power and store it as potential energy rather than in a battery,’ he told Bloomberg Business Week Technology.

The first prototype was a somewhat

clumsier contraption involving a bicycle wheel and a wind-up LED flashlight.

It has taken more than four years to hone it into its current cheap (it should cost around £3) but tough plastic incarnation. ‘It’s technically quite tricky to get it so it doesn’t jam, but we solved that problem through lots of experimentation,’ says Riddiford.

A brighter version with more settings for camping and emergencies is also on the cards.

The concept, which raised more than £250,000 in a month through the crowd-funding site Indiegogo to help cover production costs, has attracted influential fans. Bill Gates called it ‘a pretty cool innovation’ and the US Department of Defence is among the sponsors. ‘It’s such a clean source of light, and it’s easy to operate,’ says Joe Hale, president of the non-profit Global BrightLight Foundation. ‘The market is unlimited for them’.

38

Environment

Green signals Allan Howard dissects the EU’s first Eco-Lighting project workshop designed to develop new criteria for the Ecolabel and Green Public Procurement

T

he Eco-Lighting project workshop, held in Brussels last month, looked at two distinct areas and before looking at those in detail, it is perhaps best to start by defining and considering the purpose of the project. This is namely to revise the awarding criteria for light sources set up in EU Eco-Label Regulation 66 and in the Commission Communication (COM[2008] 400) Public Procurement for a Better Environment (both of which can be viewed online, see box).

This study is being carried out by a stakeholder consortium led by Lighting Europe and composed of industry, associations and professionals in close collaboration with the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.

The current aim is to consider and revise the requirements of the two areas concerning Eco-Lighting and have the new criteria published in early 2014.

So what is a label worth? Good question. We are all seeing various suppliers each develop their own labels and, of course, are aware of the A to G energy efficiency rating labels shown on many products, which from 1 September 2013, under EU Regulation 874/2012, will include classes A+ to A+++. The aim of the Ecolabel for light sources is to allow consumers to identify easily the lamps that have the best environmental performance in the market, and for manufacturers to show and communicate to their customers that their products are compliant with high environmental standards.

The definition of lamps essentially covers all lamps of a luminous flux ≥60 and ≤12,000 lumens for lighting applications in the domestic sector. At present other lamps such as HID, LED

Lighting Journal May 2013

tubes and the like are excluded, but this does not mean that they will not be considered in the near future. It is highly likely that the processes currently being examined will form the basis for all other lamps when they are considered for inclusion within the scheme, so the overall process must be considered now.

This all sounds very good so far, an independently auditable approach that will use a clear, identifiable label.

However, the aim of the Ecolabel application is that it will only apply to the best 10 per cent available lamps on the EU market. In addition, the Ecolabel is only a voluntary scheme that producers can choose to apply for; they therefore need to see a benefit in doing so.

Ecolabel criteria are not based on one single factor, but analyse the impact of the product or service on the environment throughout its life-cycle, starting from raw material extraction in the pre-production stage, through to production, distribution and disposal.

The EU Ecolabel for lamps guarantees: • Reduced energy consumption, as the in-use stage causes the greatest environmental impacts • Limited use of hazardous substances harmful to the environment and health • Increased quality control and durability of the product • User instructions for environmental use The new Ecodesign Regulation 1194/2012, which implements Directive 2009/125/EC, addresses the Ecodesign requirements for directional lamps, LEDs and related equipment

Environment and sets the functional parameters.

It is applicable from September 2013 and these will form part of the Ecolabel requirements.

It is perhaps the requirement to limit or remove hazardous substances from lamps that causes the most industry concern. This especially relates to lamps that contain electronic components such as certain resistors and, despite these substances being

100 per cent take up, which means there is no room for segmentation. Do we need segmentation?

So, as it stands, is the Ecolabel worth considering from a supplier’s point of view and would a purchaser buy a lamp holding the label over another without it? Essentially is the bar being set so high that it can never be achieved and no one sees the worth?

At this point you may think all is lost

Given how high the bar is being set, is it worth suppliers considering the Ecolabel?

of extremely low content, mean that attaining the Ecolabel is impossible – and this would encompass LEDs. Other sectors developing the Ecolabel, such as televisions, have ‘got around this’ by only looking at equipment within the product that is >25 grams, but could a similar approach be used within lamps?

From the supplier’s perspective, when considering lamps they are looking at a moving target as technology develops. The Ecolabel requires total knowledge of the products down to the smallest component within the supply chain.

Wording within various legislation is incoherent and we have unclear definitions, so currently potentially no product can actually meet the requirements and gain the label.

In addition, the Ecolabel is only looking for the best 10 per cent of products – the cost of providing the auditable data to gain the label has to be considered, and this would have to be reflected within the cost of the lamp.

Would the purchaser see the benefit in paying the additional cost?

CE compliance already covers a range of legislation and regulations to assure the conformity of lamps on the market and we have the energy A+++ to G rating which the consumer understands. Is this sufficient?

Looking to a couple of cases, in Germany they have developed the Blue Angel Ecolabel scheme, but to date not one single lamp has been labelled with it. However, within the USA their Ecolabel is seen as a minimum standard comparable to the CE marking and there is almost

and nothing being developed within the EU Commission is applicable or capable of being applied within the lighting sector. You would be wrong in this assumption as Green Public Procurement (GPP) will demonstrate.

GPP is defined as ‘a process whereby public authorities seek to procure goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle when compared to goods, services and works with the same primary function that would otherwise be procured’.

Existing regulations are product focused to remove energy inefficient products from the market. However, lighting solutions are system based, and the move forward is to ensure that the right energy efficient products are available and used, based on identifying the task and then choosing the right product solution rather than the other way round. How often do we hear clients say ‘but you must use LEDs’?

But GPP does not stop there. It requires correct design, installation and maintenance by competent designers and contractors, ensuring that the scheme is installed and commissioned correctly, or that it is used in such a way that exploits the energy efficiency of that product.

As Peter Thorns of Thorn Lighting remarked recently, ‘An empty office does not require active lighting, no matter how energy efficient the lighting product may be’.

From a lighting perspective we have already seen the publication of GPP for: •

Indoor lighting, covering

•

39

‘lamps, luminaires and lighting controls installed within buildings’ with exceptions for specialist lighting (coloured lighting, emergency escape lighting, external lighting of any type, illuminated signs, stage lighting, for example).

Street lighting and traffic signals, covering ‘fixed lighting installations intended to provide good visibility to users of outdoor public traffic areas during the hours of darkness to support traffic safety, traffic flow and public security’

It is hoped that by promoting and using GPP that public authorities as major consumers in Europe can provide industry with real incentives for technology and product development.

The ongoing evolution of EcoLighting will look at the importance of ‘lighting system design’ with further workshops and criteria development leading to final proposals in autumn 2013 and publication in early 2014.

An independent website has been set up (www.eco-lighting-product. eu) in order to engage all relevant stakeholders. This site contains all relevant information and welcomes the active participation from those stakeholders. But what do you think?

Discussion topics under the ILP LinkedIn site will be set up regarding Eco-Lighting to enable you to share your views on both the Ecolabel and also GPP. Please contribute as these will be passed on to those involved in the development process.

Allan Howard is technical director for lighting at WSP-UK

Relevant websites

EcoLighting Project www.eco-lighting-project.eu/ www.eco-lighting-product.eu EU Eco-Label Regulation 66 and Commission Communication (COM [2008] 400) Public Procurement for a Better Environment http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/) Lighting Europe http://lightingeurope.org/ Green Public Procurement (GPP) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ gpp/faq_en.htm

Lighting Journal May 2013

40

Vice presidents’ column

Keeping up to speed Keith Henry, VP technical, looks at delivering professional guidance

L

ike most people within the lighting industry I fell into street lighting working as a technician for Bristol City Council in the late 1980s.

Previously I had been an electrician for Drake and Scull (now part of the Simon Group) and also for Bristol’s DLO. I then joined Philips in 1999, a consultancy in 2006 and finally Selc in 2010.

When I became part of the lighting industry I was actively encouraged by my manager Dennis Wilson (regional secretary at the time) to both attend the then-regional ILE technical meetings as well as the Exterior Lighting Diploma courses. Attending technical meetings was always encouraged by my employer, something which I believe some of today’s local authority engineers lack because their employers fail to see the relevance and importance of CPD, and learning from our peers in an informative and open forum.

I have always had an interest in problem solving and lighting design.

The key is finding a design solution that meets the lighting requirements of the task while using the technical side of the design to minimise the amount of energy and ensure that the installed solution can be maintained. This has become even more relevant in recent years with budget cuts limiting the resources available for maintenance and improvements. The issue of rising energy prices affects us all and the use of intelligent lighting systems and the introduction of energy efficient lighting is one of the most effective ways of combating these increases.

Having given it considerable thought I put myself forward for the position of VP technical. My vision and goal is to deliver professional lighting guides that are relevant to the changing climate in which as lighting professionals we all work. In taking on the position I am very conscious of the fact that everything produced by the Technical Committee is for the benefit of

members and must meet their requirements and time frames.

The committee has been restructured to take into consideration the speed with which the lighting industry has changed in recent years and its continual change in the future.

The new structure encompasses

‘European and British standards are excellent reference documents but without experience and guidance are worthless to the lighting designer’ membership from all the key areas of the lighting profession: lighting engineers, lighting designers, consultants, contractors, manufacturers and regional technical liaison officers.

The RTLOs form an integral part of the committee and are the link between Rugby and the regions.

They must be applauded for the work they do in communicating the progress of the committee as well as feeding information back to committee that will form the basis for future professional lighting guides.

The European and British standards are excellent reference documents but without experience and guidance are worthless to the lighting designer.

The experience in lighting design

comes from learning and gaining knowledge through working with other professionals. People should be prepared to share their knowledge openly and freely to assist younger engineers and designers progress within the industry.

The work of the Technical Committee includes procuring the services of individuals and groups, normally on a voluntary basis, to form panels to produce the PLGs and other technical reports published by the institution. The guidance on the application of standards is provided by the ILP within these guides and in recent months several have been published that help the designer in making decisions on the class of lighting and appropriate light source.

Recent publications include PLG02 on lighting conflict areas (see Lighting Journal April 2013); PLG03 Mesopic Vision (see Lighting Journal December 2012), which provides the designer with guidance on the selection of light source and possible reduction in lighting requirement each individual source can offer, and PLG04 on environmental impact assessment (see Lighting Journal March 2013).

During the interview for the role of VP technical, a discussion took place around the fact that the institution could not continue to rely on volunteers to produce professional lighting guides and other reports in a timely manner to meet members’ requirements as we have in the past. It is very encouraging to have seen the launch of the Professional Industry Partners programme and that the partners will be able to assist the institution in delivering these reports in the future.

I would recommend all members and non-members to regularly visit the website where a host of resources can be found on relevant topics, along with links to other organisations whose publications complement those produced by the ILP and assist the membership in making informed decisions about the maintenance and operation of their lighting stock.

The next series of professional lighting guides are currently being developed (see Stuart Bulmer’s column, p36 Lighting Journal April 2013 for this year’s schedule) with the main demand for information being around the specification of LED luminaires. If members have a suggestion for future guides please make contact. keith@theilp.org.uk

42

Products

What’s new Etap E8 high bay The E8 linear high-bay fitting comes with either four, six or eight 80W T5 amalgam lamps. The various lamp positions allow the light distribution to be adjusted to the space to optimise the number of fittings used. Depending on the model selected, they offer between 61lm/W and 84lm/W. Available in surface-mounted and suspended versions, optional extras include an additional cover plate, which acts as protection in sports halls, and also makes cleaning easier. www.etaplighting.com

Pulsar Chromabeam

Pulsar has added four new models to its ChromaBeam 100 luminaire to create a complete family of exterior LED fixtures. The ChromaBeam 17, 33, 66 and 200 all have IP66 diecast aluminium bodies and can be configured remotely via DMX. There are four LED options – high-power RGB, Bi-Colour (including variable white), and a range of single colours and UV – on all models except ChromaBeam 17. That has three LED options, from a range of highpower single colours and UV to the TriColour RGB colour-mixing version. Fittings feature 5, 9, 18, 32, and 64 high-power 3W LEDs and all support Pulsar’s internal ChromaZone sequences so they can operate without an external control system. Available in black, silver and white finish (plus custom colours), they also have optional top hats and louvres according to the model. www.pulsarlight.com

Lighting Journal May 2013

Flos Architectural The Running Magnet

The system is based on a structural 12mm profile, embedded with a low voltage graphite track, which is integrated into the wall or ceiling.

Magnetic LED fixtures can then be positioned anywhere along the track, and repositioned as easily according to changing requirements. The spot fittings feature 6W high-power LEDs, (553lm, 3000K, CRI 80), while the linear element ranges from 12W to 60W (from 1100lm to 5500lm, 3000K, CRI 85). www.flos.com

Products

43

Lumenpulse Lumenbeam Grande/Lumenbeam Grande Pendant

Lumenbeam Grande high-performance luminaires suit both exterior and interior applications, while the pendant is designed for high-ceilings. The projector delivers 326,433 candelas using 100W. Available in a choice of colour temperatures – RGB, RGBW and Dynamic White – the Grande’s optics range from six degrees to a 60-degree flood. Fittings are compatible with DMX, Dali and 0-10V control systems, as well as Lumentalk and Lutron’s EcoSystem. Lumentalk is Lumenpulse’s patented power line communication technology, a system that uses existing power lines to create a robust, digital signal and eliminates the need for rewiring and construction. The EcoSystemenabled luminaires fit into the EcoSystem environment without the need for additional interfaces, enabling daylight harvesting, occupancy sensing, personal control and/or scheduling. www.lumenpulse.com

B.Lux Calc

Norka

Linear LED

Norka’s range of linear LED luminaires has been designed so that the lumen output can be suited precisely to lighting requirements. For new installations or direct replacement of T8 and T5 fittings, the luminaires have variable lumen outputs instead of

specified wattages.

The Munchen luminaire (shown), for instance, can provide lumen outputs of between 6700lm (63W) and 1700lm (16W), achieving numerous luminous fluxes with three luminaire lengths.

LOR is 96 per cent.

Output data for each luminaire type is available in Relux and Dialux software, together with a three-stage planning method, allowing a onefor-one comparison with fluorescent sources. Savings of more than 50 per cent can be made on a like-for-like basis, according to Norka. www.norkalighting.com.au

Spanish manufacturer B.Lux has come up with an unorthodox use of LEDs for workplace applications, a 600 x 600mm modular ceiling fitting that can be installed in a variety of ways.

Available in surface, recessed and semirecessed versions, Calc has 17 3W Cree LEDs, and can produce up to 600 lux from a 2.5m-high ceiling. The optics on the LEDs ensure there is no glare, according to the company. Made from heat-shrunk ABS, the fitting comes in a black or white finish. www.grupoblux.com

Lighting Journal May 2013

44

Independent lighting design

Eggs in one basket Emma Cogswell, IALD UK projects manager, on the importance of joining up and joining forces

Lighting Journal May 2013

of levels.It could be at an education conference, for instance, or after an art gallery visit at the bar, where people can form personal as well as professional relationships and build on the network of business they already have – a bit like LinkedIn, but with real people actually talking face to face.

Only a couple of months ago we saw Mark Major, IALD, and Eddie Henry, ILP, give a joint talk on Collaborative Thinking which included lighting in the public realm (Lighting Journal April and p10 of this issue).

If it wasn’t for both these prominent men belonging to associations I would never have been able to bring them together and let others benefit from their experiences. Similarly, the teams that entered the 100W Challenge organised by the IALD also benefited from the learning and networking that happened as a consequence of the event (Lighting Journal April).

These are just two examples of the value being part of an association can bring. Through the range of activities offered by all the associations there is opportunity at all levels of experience

to take part and find benefit. From students, to early careerists, through to senior practitioners and business owners, associations provide connection, professional resources, education and fulfilment.

The fact that we have so many lighting bodies has been likened to the scene in Life of Brian where innumerable organisations are apparently representing the movement to liberate Judea. To my mind it doesn’t matter whether you belong to the People’s Front of Judea or the Judean People’s Front. Just make sure you’re in an association so that you can help shape the future of our maturing industry and assist all of us in having a stronger cohesive voice.

Photography Gmoose1/Wikimedia

W

hat’s the point of joining an association? At the last count there were at least seven associations in the UK related to lighting design, in all its variations.

Considering that there aren’t that many lighting specifiers, it probably goes to illustrate just how specialist we are.

What we bring to the construction industry is an in-depth knowledge in our prescriptive fields, be it street or architectural lighting, or from skills drawn from stage lighting.

Even with all these seemingly disparate groups it has been very satisfying to me over recent years to see how all the associations have become more communicative with each other and the rest of the world.

They have achieved this by having members from each others’ associations on their respective boards and by sharing information.

The former definitely gives a better and more comprehensive understanding of what the latest industry issues are and how each of these groups reacts to them. Sharing information assists this understanding, and even binds the groups together to create a collective voice on particular topics.

There have also been memoranda of understanding signed that show the intent to share a common purpose which, ultimately, is the quality of lighting. This is probably best demonstrated in the creation of the Lighting Liaison Group where one definitive answer on a topic can be given to policy makers or the media, supported by all the associations that sit around the LLG table.

In addition to providing an authoritative voice to the wider construction industry, associations also allow members to connect at a variety

Consultants Lorraine Calcott IEng MILP MSLL

It Does Lighting and Energy Ltd 31 Jenkins Close, Shenley Church End, Milton Keynes, MK5 6HX

T: 01908 867077 M: 07990 962692 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk W: www.itdoes.co.uk

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Listing is included on main ILP website with logo (www.theilp.org.uk)

Carl Gardner

Alan Jaques

Alistair Scott

CSG Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Sector Leader – Exterior Lighting

Designs for Lighting Ltd

12, Banner Buildings, 74-84 Banner Street, London EC1Y 8JU

Broadgate House, Broadgate,Beeston, Nottingham, NG9 2HF

BA (Hons) MSc (Arch) FILP

T: 02077 248543 E: carl@csglightingdesign.com W: www.csglightingdesign.com

Professional award winning international lighting designer Lorraine Calcott creates dynamic original lighting schemes from a sustainable and energy management perspective. Helping you meet your energy targets, reduce bottom line cost and increase your ‘Green’ corporate image whilst still providing the wow factor with your interior, exterior or street lighting project.

Architectural and urban lighting design; specialist in urban lighting plans; expert witness in planning and light nuisance cases; training courses for local authorities on the prevention of light nuisance; marketing and product development consultancy for lighting manufacturers.

Mark Chandler

Stephen Halliday

EngTech AMILP

EngTech AMILP

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Principal Engineer WSP

43 Vine Crescent, Reading Berkshire, RG30 3LT

WSP

T: 0118 3215636, M: 07838 879 604, F: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk W: www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

The Victoria,150-182 The Quays, Salford, Manchester M50 3SP

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com

IEng MILP Atkins

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 F: +44 (0)115 9574901 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com The consultancy offers a professional exterior lighting service covering all aspects of the sector, including design, energy management, environmental impact assessments and the development of lighting strategies and policies. It also has an extensive track record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE 17 City Business Centre, Hyde Street, Winchester SO23 7TA

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk W: designsforlighting.co.uk Professional lighting design consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting.

Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Anthony Smith Are you an individual member of the ILP? Do you offer lighting consultancy?

Make sure you are listed here

IEng FILP Director

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd Lighting & Electrical Consultants, Dukes Way, Teesside Industrial Estate, Thornaby Cleveland TS17 9LT

T: 01642 766114 F: 01642 765509 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk Specialist in all forms of exterior lighting including; Motorway, Major & Minor Highway Schemes, Architectural Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Open Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Strategies, EIA’s, Planning Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

MMA Lighting Consultancy is an independent company specialising in Exterior Lighting and Electrical Design work.

We are based in the South of England and operate on a national scale delivering street lighting and lighting design solutions.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways. PFI technical advisor and certifier support. HERS registered site personnel.

John Conquest

Philip Hawtrey

Malcolm Mackness

Nick Smith

Technical Director

Lighting Consultancy and Design Services Ltd

Nick Smith Associates Limited

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP

BTech IEng MILP MIET

4way Consulting Ltd

Mouchel

Waters Green House, Sunderland Street, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 6LF

Severn House, Lime Kiln Close, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, BS34 8SQ

T: 01625 348349 F: 01625 610923 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com W: www.4wayconsulting.com

T: 0117 9062300, F: 0117 9062301 M: 07789 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com W: www.mouchel.com

Unit 9, The Chase, John Tate Road, Foxholes Business Park, Hertford SG13 7NN

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Professional services providing design and technical support for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations and their effect on the community.

T/F: 01452 417392 E: lcads.glos@virginmedia.com W: www.lcads.com

36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: nws@nicksmithassociates.com W: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Allan Howard

Tony Price

Alan Tulla

Technical Director (Lighting)

Capita Symonds

Alan Tulla Lighting

Colin Fish WSP

43 Old Cheltenham Road, Longlevens, Gloucester GL2 0AN

IEng MILP

Road, amenity, floodlighting and cable design. Tunnel and mast lighting. Policy and environmental impact investigations.

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

Associate

BA (Hons) IEng FILP

Specialist exterior lighting design Consultant.

Private or adoptable lighting and cable network design for highways, car parks, area lighting, lighting impact assessments, expert witness.

CPD accredited training in lighting design, Lighting Reality, AutoCAD and other bespoke lighting courses arranged on request.

4way Consulting provides exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialises in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector (including PFI/DBFO).

IEng MILP

Call Julie on 01536 527295 for details

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP WSP

WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Professional exterior lighting and electrical services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice regarding energy and carbon reduction strategies, lighting efficiency legislation, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. Registered competent designers and HERS registered site personnel.

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Capita Symonds House, Wood Street, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 1UU

T: 01342 327161 F: 01342 315927 E: tony.price@capita.co.uk W: www.capitasymonds.co.uk Chartered engineer leading a specialist lighting team within a multi-disciplinary environment. All aspects of exterior and public realm lighting, especially roads, tunnels, amenity and sports. Planning advice, environmental assessment, expert witness, design, technical advice, PFIs, independent certification.

IEng FILP FSLL

12 Minden Way, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com W: www.alantullalighting.com Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Specialising in public realm, landscaping and building facades. Site surveys and design verification of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Visual impact assessments and reports for planning applications. Preparation of nightscape strategies for urban and rural environments.

CPDs and lighting training.

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING CUT OUTS AND ISOLATORS

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/ Electronic products for

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

Streetlighting:

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB

• Vizion CMS

Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607

• Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting.

We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 E-mail: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: http://www.maclean.co.uk/

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

• Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk

BANNERS WIND RELEASING

www.lucyzodion.com

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

DECORATIVE & FESTIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

LIGHTING

LIGHTING COLUMNS

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

candela L I G H T

CU PHOSCO LIMITED Manufacturers of Lighting Columns, Floodlighting & Luminaires. Specialists in the design of Lighting Schemes for sports, car parks, docks & airports. Standard Lighting Columns and Lanterns available from stock at competitive prices.

Charles House, Great Amwell, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 9TA Tel: 01920 860600 Fax: 01920 485915 E-mail: sales@cuphosco.co.uk Website: www.cuphosco.co.uk

LIGHTING

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT LIGHTING CONTROLS

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS • Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210 Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

julie@theilp.org.uk

TRAINING SERVICES

CPD Accredited Training

METER ADMINISTRATION

www.lucyzodion.com

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690 info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Diary 2013 19-21 May The Arc Show Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.thearcshow.com 23 May LIA Annual Lunch and AGM Venue: Draper’s Hall, London EC2 www.thelia.org.uk 23 May Lighting Masterclass Beyond the Code Venue: Guinness Storehouse, Dublin www.sll.org.uk 28 May SLL president’s address, awards and AGM Venue: London Irish Centre, London NW1 Time: 6pm onwards www.sll.org.uk 29 May Lighting Design: principles and application Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW12 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 4 June Lightscene (exhibition plus CPD seminars) Venue: Uttoxeter Racecourse, Staffs E: jess@theilp.org.uk 9-12 June Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition Guangzhou, China www.messefrankfurt.com.hk 13 June New British Standard for Lighting BS5489 (CPD seminar) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk 13 June Lighting Legislation (including daylight) Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW12 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 24-25 June Euroled Conference and exhibition Venue: ICC, Birmingham www.euroled.org.uk

Lighting Journal May 2013

19-21 May: The Arc Show, ExCel, London E16

26 June Charles Marques Memorial Lecture Venue: Royal Institution Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk 27 June Local Authority Lighting 2013 Surveyor/ILP Venue: Grand Connaught Rooms, London WC2 Contact: m.curnick@hgluk.com 17 July Lighting and Energy Efficiency Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 8-19 July Daylighting Summer Course University of Florida/PLDA Location: Vicenza, Italy (Applications close 19 May) www.daylightthinking.com 26 -30 August High-Performance Energy Buildings Brandi Institute for Light and Design Location: Hamburg, Germany www.brandi-institute.com 11-12 September ILP Professional Lighting Summit 2013 Venue: Thistle Hotel, Glasgow Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk 24-26 September LED Professional Symposium and Expo Location: Bregenz, Austria www.led-professional-symposium.com

3-5 October IALD Enlighten Americas Venue: Hyatt Regency, Montreal, Canada www.iald.org 7-9 October Light Middle East Venue: Dubai International Convention and Exhibition Centre, UAE www.lightme.net 16 October Lighting and Energy Efficiency Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 23 October How to specify office lighting Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 30 October-2 November PLDC Venue: Bella Center, Copenhagen www.pld-c.com 22 November Lighting Legislation (including daylight) Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW12 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events/