Lighting Journal September 2015

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

The bright outdoors: how LEDs are transforming landscape lighting Night-time switch-off: LANTERNS report poses tricky questions for councils Special report from the 2015 CIE conference in Manchester

September 2015

Editorial Volume 80 No 8 September 2015 President Mark Cooper IEng MILP

Hello. As your new editor of Lighting Journal I’m hugely

Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM

of taking over the helm of such a respected and

Editor Nic Paton Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk

few months are going to be something of a steep learning

Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster Designed by Julie Bland Email: julie@matrixprint.com Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by

excited – and not a little daunted – at the prospect authoritative publication.

I’m new to the industry and so I fully expect the next curve. One of my priorities is going to be to get out and about and meet and speak to members.

I want to understand what makes you tick, the issues concerning you and, most of all, what you want Lighting Journal to be or become. So please feel free to get in touch with me at the email opposite.

I’m also very much looking forward to coming along to the Professional Lighting Summit in Chester later this month. There’s a great line-up this year, but one person I’m particularly keen to hear is Dr Phil Edwards, who will be presenting the findings of the long-awaited LANTERNS project, which we’re previewing in this edition.

What’s clear, at least to me, is that there are no easy answers to nighttime switching off by local authorities.

Councils remain under intense financial pressure, as they have been since 2010 – and switching off is certainly an attractive way to save money.

There is also, of course, an important debate to be had around light pollution and the environmental cost of lighting our cities.

But, as Dr Edwards and ILP president Mark Cooper have both rightly pointed out, the fact the report has concluded switching off does not increase crime or accidents should not be seen as a giving a green light to the wholesale switching off of street lighting.

It is a complex and nuanced debate, and as such needs a nuanced and managed response, one led by qualified and competent lighting professionals.

Nic Paton

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

Editor

© ILP 2015 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain.

Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal September 2015

AN EVENING OF INSPIRATION AND LIGHT II The Institution of Lighting Professionals is delighted to invite you to an evening of inspiration and light.

Light in the UK Pavilion – a talk by Wolfgang Buttress

© LAURIAN GHINITOU

TIME: 6pm-9pm DATE: Tuesday 6 October 2015 VENUE: Building Design Partnership, 16 Brewhouse Yard, London EC1V 4LJ

Wolfgang Buttress creates simple, elegant sculptures which seek to define and celebrate a sense of place.

Stepping out of the cacophony of the modern world, the artworks seek to establish a connection to something timeless and elemental. Through the integration of engineering, his works arrive at an almost essential form: light and delicate, yet strong, and explore the inherent tensions between these qualities. Increasingly, he has drawn inspiration from nature, collaborating with experts to explore and interpret scientific discoveries.

Over the last two years Wolfgang has won numerous national and international awards, including the ‘Best of Best’ Iconic Award for the UK Pavilion Milan Expo (2015), International Structural Steel Award for projects under £2million (2013) and the first Western artist to win the prestigious Kajima Gold Award in Japan for ‘Space’ (2014).

© HUFTON+CROW

He is the artist and creative lead behind the UK Pavilion Milan Expo 2015 working alongside architects BDP and structural engineer Tristan Simmonds. Buttress will discuss how the use of light and sound was crucial in creating an immersive and fully sensory experience.

Numbers are limited. Book your free place at www.theilp.org.uk/wolfgang For more information please contact Jess Gallacher on jess@theilp.org.uk or 01788 576492

Contents

LIGHTING JOURNAL September 2015 01 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS 10 THE BRIGHT

26 IMPERIAL MEASURES

trends in landscape lighting and

showcases some state-of-the art projects

OUTDOORS

Carl Gardner looks at current

10

16 THE NEW

LED lighting is increasingly transforming refurbishment as well as new-build projects, as a hospital project has illustrated

34 THE EYES HAVE IT

Lighting Journal investigates

the growing recognition of the

importance of daylight in

the design and building of schools

GENERATION GAME

The first wave of graduates from

38 SWITCH PERFECT?

18 NIGHT VISION

40 PRODUCTS

Brunel University’s new Lighting Design Pathway tell us how they’re doing

Dr Phil Edwards outlines what’s

in the long-awaited ‘LANTERNS’

report and what its implications

are for councils and lighting engineers

22 ILLUMINATING OUR

SHORES

The International Commission on

18

Illumination came to the UK for

the first time in 40 years this

summer. Lighting Journal was there.

VPs’ column. Alan Jaques, VP highways and Infrastructure, looks at the pros and cons of generic charge codes for LEDs

44 PASSING THE BATON

Kevin Dugdale outgoing chair of the YLP reviews his year, while incoming chair James Duffin looks at his ‘to do’ list

45 CONSULTANTS 46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY

COVER PICTURE

Commonwealth Park, Gibraltar, transformed by lighting designer David Atkinson Lighting Design and landscape architects Landform (see The Bright Outdoors, p10)

34

Lighting Journal September 2015

4

News

SWITCHING OFF AT NIGHT ‘DOES NOT INCREASE CRASHES OR CRIME’ Switching off street lamps does not increase car crashes or crime, the long-awaited Local Authority collaborators’ National Evaluation of Reduced Night-time Streetlight (LANTERNS) project has concluded.

The project’s conclusions were published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health at the end of July.

The study, led by researchers from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in partnership with UCL, suggests local authorities can safely reduce street lighting at night, saving energy costs and reducing carbon emissions.

However, ILP president Mark Cooper has warned in response that any such move by councils needs to be managed carefully, and should be led by ‘competent lighting professionals using risk-based analysis based on ILP guidance’.

The researchers analysed 14 years of data from 62 local authorities across England and Wales that had implemented a range of reduced street light strategies, including switching lights off permanently, reducing the number of hours that lamps are switched on at night, dimming lights, and replacing traditional orange lamps with energy efficient white light LED lamps.

Lead author and principal investigator Dr Phil Edwards said: ‘An estimated £300m is spent every year on street lights in the UK. ‘At a time when local authorities need to make spending cuts, our findings show that by carefully assessing risks, street lighting can be reduced without an increase in car crashes and crime.’

Nevertheless, he also argued that local authorities needed to consider carefully public concerns when they decide where, and when, to reduce light at night.

See ‘Night Vision’, pages 18-21, for Dr Edwards’ analysis of the project’s findings

CORNISH SAVINGS

Introducing new asset management software will help to save Cornwall Council up £54m on the cost of running its 52,000 street lights and reduce the council’s carbon footprint by 60%, the company behind the project has said.

A contract between the council and WDM Limited to install its Integrated Asset Management System (IAMS) has been a key part of a wide-ranging carbon reduction and night-time dimming and partswitching project by the council.

‘The Invest to Save street lighting project, which began back 2009, has allowed us to significantly cut emissions and become a pioneer in street lighting management,’ said the council’s transport and technology commissioning manager Glyn Williams.

The project has also seen the council replace more than 52,000 street lighting units throughout the county with the new lamp technology and control system.

As a result the overall connected load of the street lighting within the county has been reduced by 40% (2,386kW), said WDM. Annual energy consumption reduction year on year has also been reduced, from 19.4KWh to just 12.3KWh – a saving of a 36% and in terms of carbon reduction 3,843 tCO2 p.a, it added.

Lighting Journal September 2015

CHESTER CALLING

Keynote speakers at this month’s Professional Lighting Summit will include Graham Colclough, Iain Ruxton and Phil Edwards, the ILP has announced.

The Summit, which includes a range of workshops and an exhibition, is being held on Wednesday 24 and Thursday 25 September at the Queen Hotel, Chester.

The Wednesday will have as its theme ‘The Future of Lighting’ and the Thursday will focus on ‘Challenges Facing Lighting Professionals’.

Graham Colclough will be speaking about his work as leader of the EIP’s Humble Lamppost initiative (Lighting Journal, July/Aug 2015), Iain Ruxton will be discussing ‘Why Lighting Projects Fail’, and Dr Phil Edwards will be outlining the findings of the LANTERNS night switch-off project.

Full details on the Summit can be found at www.theilp.org.uk/events/ professional-lighting-summit/ as well as in the Diary section, page 48.

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6 News

SKANSKA WINS GLOUCESTER ILP LOOKS EAST UPGRADE CONTRACT

Gloucestershire County Council has awarded a 12-year contract to upgrade its street lighting to Berkshire-based lighting and engineering firm Skanska.

The project will see the firm replacing some 55,000 standard street lanterns with LEDs. The contract, which is worth between £32-£41 million, is also expected to save the council as much as £22m in energy costs and cut its carbon emissions by some 7,000 tonnes a year.

In addition to the LED conversion, central management systems will be installed within every lantern, enabling engineers to monitor the performance of specific lights, make adjustments to brightness and detect faults quickly.

The installation will take place over four years, followed by a maintenance period, with the installation phase starting from November and due to conclude in March 2019.

The maintenance element of the contract will run from April 2016 until March 2027.

Councillor Vernon Smith, cabinet member for highways and flood at Gloucestershire County Council, said: ‘LED lighting is a modern, energy-efficient system with many benefits. It will mean we are using less energy and reducing our impact on the environment, as well as saving money long term.’

Skanska operations director James Holmes added: ‘The council’s investment in LED street lighting will pay large dividends over the coming years, both in terms of carbon efficiency and value for money. At a time when local authorities are seeking better value, LED conversions are bound to become the norm.’

CMS CUTS HAMPSHIRE LIGHTING BY 41%

Lighting Journal September 2015

The ILP has held its first ever meeting outside the British Isles, with the inaugural meeting of its Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region being held in Dohar in Qatar in April.

The aim of the meeting was simply to bring together ILP members, lighting professionals and associated professionals working across the region.

More than 80 professionals gathered for the event, which was chaired by the ILP’s

A project billed as the world’s largest central management system (CMS) has reduced a county council’s street lighting consumption by 41% since 2010, it has been argued.

The CMS installation by Hampshire County Council and Mayflower Complete Lighting Control has reduced the local authority’s street lighting energy consumption by 21GW/hr per annum.

The system allows individual street lights, signs and bollards to be monitored and controlled remotely through a ‘smart’ node on each installation.

Mayflower, which is part of SSE Enterprise Contracting, has so far installed nearly 150,000 nodes across

Qatar representative David Lewis, (pictured below left) highway asset manager (street lighting) for Amey.

Three papers were presented: Global Lighting Design Experiences, by Alan Mitchell of Neolight Design; Architecture & Lighting: different modalities of connection

by Massimo Bertolano of DCAQ/NORMA Group; and Considering Light Pollution in the Manufacturing Process,

by Sergio Padula of iGuzzini Middle East.

the Hampshire County Council area, making it the world’s largest single CMS network, it said.

The company has also now installed 250,000 CMS nodes across the UK as a whole, with the milestone being celebrated in Winchester, also in Hampshire.

Hampshire County Council executive member for economy, transport and environment, councillor Seán Woodward said: ‘The installation of the latest technology will give us greater flexibility in how we manage street lights, giving improved visibility in areas that need it and the ability to dim lighting in other areas that don’t, all in all having a positive effect on the amount we spend on carbon tax.

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8 News

BLACKPOOL TOWERING

This year’s Blackpool Illuminations switch-on ‘iFest’ event is due to take place over the weekend of 4-6 September.

The annual switch-on has become a council and VisitBlackpool-led music and comedy festival, with this year bands Toploader and Lawson providing the headline acts.

But the switch-on also helps to bring more than £275m to the local economy, and in 2014 attracted more than four million visitors, VisitBlackpool has estimated.

The illuminations will shine nightly until Sunday 8 November and now stretch for more than five miles.

They date back to 1879 when eight Siemens arc lamps were first installed to illuminate the Blackpool Promenade, a move aptly described by Victorians as creating ‘artificial sunshine’.

NEWS IN BRIEF Outdoor lighting standards consortium TALQ has published a Pocket Guide to Smart Outdoor Lighting Tenders. The free guide is designed to support buyers in composing tenders and includes an overview of the technical specifications required as well as offering example wordings for a smart tendering document. ‘We analyzed a range of lighting tenders from major global cities to draw together the key components of an intelligent request for proposal,’ said consortium secretary general Gerard Lokhoff. The guide can be requested direct from the consortium, at www. talq-consortium.org.

summarised latest research into the effects of lighting on people. It is available to buy from www.brebookshop.com A business consultancy, Be More Effective, is carrying out a survey to gather views on how the use of LEDs within the supply chain is changing. The research is being targeted at facility owners or managers, service and maintenance professionals, contractors, resellers and designers. Anyone interested in taking part can find it at www.research.net/s/LEDVOC5DDFM Swedish furniture retailer IKEA has become the first major global retailer to make a full switch to LEDs. The chain’s chief sustainability officer Steve Howard said: ‘By switching to LED our customers will use up to 85% less energy which will not only reduce their carbon footprint but also help them combat rising energy prices.’

UK commercial lighting manufacturer Luxonic has announced a 47% increase in revenue for 2014/15, reporting turnover of £15.5m. The company has in the past year created nine new commercial lighting products and relocated its manufacturing facilities to a new technical centre in Basingstoke, Hampshire, it added.

Technical services firm SPIE has won a contract to install site-wide infrastructure lighting and small power at Carrington Power’s new gas power station in Manchester. The contract, with DF Energy, will see SPIE fit approximately 2,500 light fittings and associated cables, with the lighting comprising a mixture of normal and ‘hazardous area’ fixtures.

The built environment charity the BRE Trust has published a report collating some of the most recent research into the effects of lighting on health and wellbeing. The Lighting and Health report, which has brought together researchers from BRE and the universities of Istanbul and Eindhoven, has reviewed and

Lighting Journal September 2015

The design trade show 100% Design is being held at London’s Olympia from 23-26 September.

The show this year features five distinct sections: Interiors, which includes a specific lighting section; Design & Build; Kitchens & Bathrooms; Workplace; and Emerging Brands. The central theme of the show will be ‘Design in Colour’. For more information go to www.100percentdesign.co.uk.

The dates for the 2016 Light + Building exhibition and trade fair have been announced. The bi-annual trade fair will be held in Frankfurt between 13-18 March.

Sustainable energy will be a key theme of the fair, organiser Messe Frankfurt has said. More details can be found at http://light-building.messefrankfurt.com.

Lighting company Aurora’s testing laboratory in Ji’an City in China has been approved as a NEMKO-qualified laboratory, it has said. Chief marketing officer Neil Salt said: ‘NEMKO certification further substantiates the quality and reliability of Aurora’s integrated product portfolio and the process by which our products are designed, engineered, manufactured and tested.’

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LIGHTING TECHNICIAN Ref Number: NAY00498

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To assist the Team Manager (Design & Lighting) with

For further information and how

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www.myjobscotland.gov.uk/

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Closing Date: 21st September 2015

10

Landscape lighting

THE BRIGHT OUTDOORS Carl Gardner looks at current trends in landscape lighting – and showcases some recent, state-of-the art projects, ranging from a small residential garden in Oxford to a large urban park in Gibraltar

Commonwealth Park Gibraltar: : former car park is now an attractive, sustainable space

W

hen it comes to landscape lighting, LED lighting schemes are definitely good news argues Mark Ridler, director of BDP Lighting. They allow you to do the things you always wanted to do before, but they make it so much easier – for example concealed, under-bench lighting and integrated hand-rail lighting.

However, there is a still a real shortage of high-quality exterior-rated LED spotlights on the market, LEDs haven’t quite got there yet,’ Ridler also admits.

As an example of his practice’s exploitation of LEDs in landscape projects, Ridler cites Brown Hart

Brown Hart Gardens Mayfair

Lighting Journal September 2015

Gardens in London’s Mayfair, a 19th century, mainly residential square which was, until recently, occupied by a electricity substation, framed by two handsome Italianate pavilions. The redevelopment involved building over the still-functioning substation to create a new, multi-event space with a café in the centre. ‘There are no light columns in the space, the residents didn’t want them’ Ridler explains, ‘so we had to use low-level lighting, mainly LEDs, yet the square still feels safe and visually comfortable.’

The central space is punctuated with square, glazed LED uplights set

into the pavers – an echo of Finsbury Avenue Square’s LED lines, which Ridler worked on more than a decade ago. A series of planters with concealed LED downlights wash the floor, while the square is bounded by a series of benches, with integrated fluorescent lighting – and LED handrails create safe light levels on the stairs.

All the lighting at the stair exits has emergency capability. BDP completed the scene by carefully detailed architectural uplighting of the ornate pavilions at each end, using discrete buried and surface-mounted spotlights.

11

Commonwealth Park photography courtesy of M. J. Anahory

Landscape lighting

Authorities are getting more accepting of gobo projectors and the use of break-up patterns to animate spaces

‘Another encouraging trend in public landscape lighting projects,’ Ridler argues, ‘is that authorities are getting more accepting of gobo projectors and the use of break-up patterns to animate spaces.’ Part of the reason for this, of course, is that exterior gobo kit has become much more reliable – and local authorities are less obsessed with horizontal uniformity levels.

An interesting scheme that recently included gobos in its repertoire of lighting effects was the Commonwealth Park in Gibraltar, with lighting design by

David Atkinson Lighting Design, working with landscape architects, Landform. This new, sustainable and attractive space on the site of a former car park incorporates a small lake, a water-feature, 135 trees, mounds and areas of decking.

The gobo lighting was almost an afterthought, according to David Atkinson. ‘The designers were going to leave the park’s grass areas unlit,’ he explains, ‘but the access road alongside had to be lit uniformally for service vehicles. I proposed making some of the light columns higher and adding

The bandstand (left) uses 4no BS Teclumen RGBA Fusion positioned off angled supports, while (right) surface-mounted fittings punctuate the wall.

Lighting Journal September 2015

12

Landscape lighting

CL gobo projectors to graze break-up patterns across the grass. Interestingly, night-time visitors actually gravitate to these areas of dappled light; they feel safe sitting there,’ Atkinson says.

Much of the perimeter of the park is bounded by the old stone city walls and the prominent King’s Bastion – an impressive series of architectural features which Atkinson was determined to express with light.

‘However, the tight budget wouldn’t pay for dozens of conventional asymmetric burial floodlights,’ Atkinson explains.

Therefore he made a creative virtue of this constraint, by using surfacemounted fittings to project narrow-beam shafts of light, in a cool 4000K, up the buttresses, which punctuate the wall. This solution involved far fewer luminaires. Only the King’s Bastion is lit with wide-beam asymmetric luminaires, to model its curved surface. Against this ‘cool’ backdrop, the designer lit most

other features – trees, shrubbery and so on, with contrasting warmer 3000K sources. ‘I wanted to put in gentle layers of light in the rest of the space, but the key thing, as with all landscape lighting, is paring things back, not over-lighting the space,’ Atkinson adds.

Although the small lake has underwater lighting, some of the planting around the edges is picked out with narrowbeam LED spotlights – and iGuzzini bollards illuminate the pathways at low level. Only the modern, steel-and-glass disabled access lift, bisecting the city walls, was given a colour treatment, courtesy of colour-changing LED tubes set into the ground around its base.

At the other end of the scale to this high-profile, large-scale park, DPA Lighting Consultants’ modest but beautifully detailed residential garden scheme in Oxford shows what can be achieved on a small budget – and once again the main lesson was not to over-

Commonwealth Park: disabled access lift lit by colour changing LED tubes around the base

DPA Lighting’s residential scheme in Oxford: importance of not over-lighting

Lighting Journal September 2015

light it. ‘It’s an unassuming house and garden,’ explains DPA associate, Mark Breton (who also worked on the interior lighting of the house) ‘but the client has used design to turn it into a silk purse.’

The long, narrow space is subdivided by timber screens, which are washed by dimmable 20W/35W low voltage spotlights – ‘the key thing with a project like this is to conceal the lighting, you don’t want to see the light sources,’ Breton adds. A single bench is underlit with linear LEDs, which wash onto the path, while the tallest tree in the garden is uplit with a 35W metal halide spotlight. Small LED spots, hidden in the planting, pick out other features, such as the terracotta urn – but it was very important to leave significant areas of darkness, even within a small area such as this. The whole scheme is run by a Raco control system, so light levels can be adjusted for different seasons or events, such as a garden party.

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14

Landscape lighting

Finally, something completely different – a spectacular vertical landscape, in the shape of the dynamically illuminated Snow Hill ‘living wall’ in the centre of Birmingham. This is Europe’s biggest ‘green wall’ and supposedly took its inspiration from the historic Forest of Arden, which once surrounded the city.

Designed by landscape architects, HED, this extraordinary feature, part of the urban realm development around the city’s station of the same name, is 220 metres long and seven metres high – and its lighting design was conceived by Maurice Brill Lighting Design (MBLD).

‘The wall is part of a narrative linked to the imminent arrival of the new Centro Metro route alongside it,’ explains MBLD’s managing director, Rob Honeywill. When the trains eventually run past this feature, they will trigger a lighting display for passengers, using a series of chase and fade sequences, to emulate the tram’s movement through the corridor. In the meantime, the lighting runs on a regular pre-programmed cycle a few times every hour.

The planted wall sections are interspersed with gold perforated metal panel sections, with a twisted waveform design. The panel uplighting comprises a series of Philips Power Core ‘Dynamic White’ LED spotlights, with un-lensed 80 beams and 100x410

Lighting Journal September 2015

Snow Hill, Birmingham: Europe’s biggest ‘green wall’

beams, fitted with glare cowls, to avoid glare to both passengers and tram drivers. The luminaires are mounted at 800mm centres in a slot along the front of every metal panel.

By day, the panelling mixed with the planting creates a seasonally adapting display for passers-by; but by night, the wall comes alive with movement and subtle tonal changes, as the illumination moves horizontally along the wall, from panel to panel, while the changing colour temperatures create

vertical, undulating patterns up and down the panels.

At the same time, the spill light from these luminaires highlight the attractive, and ever-growing green planting between the panels.

Carl Gardner was the principal writer/ editor of the recent illustrated ILP guide, Lighting Landscapes – for more details, and to purchase a copy, go to www.theilp.org.uk/resources/ lighting-landscapes/

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Training and education

THE NEW GENERATION GAME

The first wave of graduates from Brunel University’s Lighting Design Pathway have now spent their first year in industry. Andrew Brister finds out how well the course prepared them for the realities of working life

O

pinions differ as to whether architectural lighting design warrants a full undergraduate degree programme. Whether there is sufficient content for a three-year course or indeed the awareness of what is still a relatively nascent profession to attract enough entrants can be debated, yet so far there remains no degree course available in this particular branch of lighting design.

It’s true to say that most training in lighting takes place after people enter the profession. The ILP and others offer a host of one-day seminars and intensive classes via distance learning.

The industry-wide Lighting Education Trust (LET) has recently revamped its diploma for the September 2015 intake.

The new distance learning course is now called the LET Diploma in Lighting Design and has been updated and expanded from five modules to 13, with four assessed assignments and a lighting design project followed by an examination, which will be moderated and marked by London South Bank University.

At the other end of the spectrum is the renowned MSc in Light and Lighting, supported by the LET and run at the Bartlett Institute for Environmental Design & Engineering,

Lighting Journal September 2015

Dominic Meyrick: careers advice

University College London. Launched in 1987, Europe’s longest-running and most respected graduate lighting course aims to bring together both the technical and creative sides of lighting design.

So what of the middle ground?

Dominic Meyrick, partner at Hoare Lea Lighting, is one who laments the lack of a first degree in the subject. ‘It would be fantastic if a careers adviser at college was able to point people towards a degree course in architectural lighting design. We are where acoustics was 20 years ago; now they’ve got around 10 courses and why aren’t we the same? Or look at landscape architecture; they’ve got around eight courses. I do think it will come – I just hope it’s in my professional lifetime.’

The first steps towards this longterm goal have been taken. ‘In between the diploma and the MSc, we have been assisting Brunel University in creating a new Lighting Design Pathway attached to its product design degree,’ explains Bob Venning, chair of the LET. ‘We have also been helping to find companies who would take interns for a year to gain industrial/design experience, with the hope that they will enter the industry.’

Brunel’s course had already included a luminaire design module and now offers a route into lighting design with a voluntary summer school, a year’s placement with a lighting company and final year lighting design module and project.

The first batch of students to have gone through the process has now entered the lighting industry, from design houses to manufacturers, with companies such as Hoare Lea, Aether Lighting and Philips.

Bob Venning: working with industry

Training and education One is Martin Crick, a lighting designer with Hoare Lea. ‘When I started my first year in 2010 at Brunel University studying Industrial Design and Technology I honestly had no idea that lighting design existed, let alone as a prospective future career,’ he says.

‘It was not until undertaking the luminaire design module in my second year that I discovered this creative, interesting and vast sector of design which I had yet to explore. Not until the placement talks from lighting professionals and the LET summer school did lighting design appear in my eyes as a potential career.’

Crick and others were suitably inspired by the enthusiasm and passion for light and lighting expressed by the likes of Dominic Meyrick and the LET’s Barrie Wilde to consider a future in lighting.

‘The initial attraction for me towards pursuing a career in lighting design was the mix of art, design and technical aspects. How the designer helps to create a beautiful space, which sinks effortlessly into its surroundings while fulfilling all the functional requirements desired by the end user is fascinating and challenging,’ says Crick.

It was not until undertaking the luminaire design module in my second year that I discovered this creative, interesting and vast sector of design which I had yet to explore

Martin Crick: passion for lighting design

Andrew Allan: gateway into lighting

Another student who completed the degree last year was Andrew Allan, now at Philips Lighting. ‘I’ve asked a lot of people how they got into lighting and the answer is always the same: they kind of fell into it. And that was definitely my experience as well,’ he explains.

‘When I joined the product design degree at Brunel, I wasn’t aware of lighting design as a career choice but the luminaire design module in the second year opened my eyes and the LET summer school was my gateway into lighting – I absolutely loved my placement with Philips,’ he adds.

Both Philips and Hoare Lea have made strenuous efforts to tailor a structured placement year for students.

‘We give the students the broadest range of experience that we can,’ says Mike Simpson, technical and design director at Philips.

‘We integrate them into the design team, they attend SLL and ILP events and exhibitions and we aim to give them a broad knowledge base so they feel encouraged to take the lighting option in their final year.’

It clearly worked for Andrew Allan.

‘It was perfect for me. I started off providing technical support to the rest of the business and dealing with customer queries. My six months there gave me a core understanding of lamps, luminaires, installation and maintenance. So when I moved over into the lighting design team, I could draw on all that knowledge to apply technical specifications for customers.

After those two placements, I was well prepared for my final year at Brunel,’ he says.

Both graduates are positive that the pathway provides a useful route into lighting. ‘Now I have started my career in the lighting design industry, I think the course gives individuals the fundamental knowledge to help assist them to gain a junior position at a

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professional lighting practice, which in turn will provide the practical experience needed,’ says Crick. ‘No course, no matter how well it is taught or in what discipline, will give you a better insight than hands-on working within a professional environment.

However, this course will enable students to hit the ground running – hopefully get a job in lighting and give them the confidence and skills to make a real contribution in the workplace immediately.’

One year on and Crick finds himself working on a wide range of lighting projects, from private residential schemes through to shopping centres, a church and public realm lighting. ‘It’s more challenging than my placement because I have more responsibility, but I think the placement was a good representation of what was to come.’

Andrew Allan is currently working in Philips’ customised solutions team, working on large-scale projects where bespoke products are manufactured for a particular lighting scheme. ‘I’m thoroughly enjoying it. I might be working on a project where the chilled beams are integrated with the lighting and it takes a lot of teamwork to agree on a solution. The best part is that it’s a 50:50 split between product design and management, working with key account managers and meeting customers faceto-face,’ he says.

Barrie Wilde: future in lighting

Like any new course, there were inevitably teething problems in the first year which have now been addressed and Bob Venning hopes that, over time, the course can be developed to have greater lighting content. ‘We have to walk before we can run and we have to demonstrate that there is a demand and a good turnover of students through the course first. It’s a really good start.’

Lighting Journal September 2015

18

Street lighting

NIGHT VISION

The long-awaited ‘LANTERNS’ report has concluded there is no evidence that reduced street lighting at night increases crime or accidents. But councils should still think carefully before switching off, argues Dr Phil Edwards

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s most readers of Lighting Journal will be well aware, the primary aim of the LANTERNS study has been to collate data on street lighting adaptation schemes, and to assess whether changes to lighting have been associated with an increase in crime or road traffic crashes.

It had been hoped, as the journal reported last year (‘Part-night whole story’, Lighting Journal, June 2014) to publish the results of the project early in 2015. In the event, our report to our funder (NIHR) was only peerreviewed in the first months of 2015

Lighting Journal September 2015

and we submitted a revision that responded to comments in May. The final version was accepted over the summer and published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health in July.1 The data on street lighting adaptation schemes was obtained from local authorities in England and Wales. The road traffic collisions data were obtained from the Department for Transport (STATS19 data), and the crime data were obtained from www.police.uk.

We used a controlled interrupted time series analysis that adjusted for regional trends to estimate any associations between street lighting adaptation, traffic collisions and crime (see panel on statistical methods).

We conducted the analyses at road level for traffic collisions and at area level for crime. In addition, we investigated opinions on the effect of reduced street lighting on health and well-being. We interviewed residents, workers, community groups and the general public in eight local authorities and sent questionnaires to 1,000 households.

Although the current evidence now suggests that local authorities can safely reduce street lighting at night without increasing road casualties or crime, local authorities need to consider public concerns when they decide where, and when, to reduce light at night

Street lighting HOW MANY LOCAL AUTHORITIES PARTICIPATED? Most local authorities in England and Wales were very positive about participating in the project. However, some were unable to provide the data required: eight authorities could not extract the required data from their asset management systems and three said they hadn’t made any relevant changes to street lighting.

Despite the initial interest and several follow-up telephone calls, we could obtain no further response from 32 authorities.

By the end of the project we had agreement from 82 authorities, 71 of which provided data, and of these 62 spanned sufficient periods of time to contribute to the analysis.

WHAT LIGHTING ADAPTATION STRATEGIES WERE IMPLEMENTED? We received data for switch off, partnight lighting, dimming, trimming, and changes from orange light to white light.

Because the period of time where ‘trimming’ might affect crime or road safety is marginal, when compared to regimes like part-night switch off (which last for several hours), we merged all of the combinations of lighting using trimming with the main regime.

The street lighting regimes analysed were therefore: switch off, part-night lighting, dimming, and white light.

The introduction of these lighting regimes increased steadily from 2009 (figure 1). By December 2013, the local authorities in the LANTERNS study had implemented white light on 15,833 km of road (7% of total road km in the 62 participating local authorities), part-night lighting on 12,101 km of road (5%), dimming on 10,519 km of road (4%), and switch off on 946 km of road (0.4%).

HOW MANY ROAD COLLISIONS AND CRIMES WERE INCLUDED? Between 2000 and 2013 there were 161,049 were night-time collisions in the 62 local authorities. Of these 1,202 (0.7%) collisions occurred on roads along which switch off had been introduced by December 2013; 5,670 (4%) collisions were on roads with partnight lighting; 11,634 (7%) collisions were on roads with dimming; and 12,423 (8%) collisions were on roads with white light.

Between December 2010 and December 2013 there were 581,837 burglaries in the 62 local authorities, 475,657 vehicle thefts, 67,470 robberies, and 730,280 violent offences.

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Rate ratio (95% confidence interval) Part night lighting

Dimming

White light

0.95 (0.84 – 1.07) 0.95 (0.71 – 1.25)

1.00 (0.91 – 1.10) 1.05 (0.83 – 1.33)

1.01 (0.93 – 1.09) 0.97 (0.80 – 1.17)

0.96 (0.86 – 1.06) 0.92 (0.74 – 1.13) 0.91 (0.76 – 1.09) 1.48 (0.99 – 2.21) 1.01 (0.92 – 1.11)

0.84 (0.70 – 1.02) 0.92 (0.65 – 1.30) 0.97 (0.78 – 1.21) 0.75 (0.50 – 1.13) 0.78 (0.60 – 1.01)

0.89 (0.77 – 1.03) 0.80 (0.59 – 1.07) 0.95 (0.73 – 1.23) 0.98 (0.61 – 1.56) 0.91 (0.77 – 1.08)

Road traffic collisions All severities Killed or serious injury Crime All four offences Burglary Vehicle Robbery Violence

Table 1 Street light adaptation strategies and associated changes in night-time road traffic collisions and crime

WHAT DID WE FIND? We found no evidence that reduced street lighting at night increases road collisions or crime. Table 1 shows the estimated changes in road traffic collisions and crime that are associated with a change to part-night lighting, dimming or white light. Because of the small number of areas in which switch off was implemented, estimates are imprecise and are reported in the text below.

The rate ratio (RR) gives us the average change in the monthly count of collisions within each street (and crimes within each area) associated with a change in lighting.

The RR is greater than 1.0 if there was an increase in collisions or crime with the lighting change, and less than 1.0 if there was a decrease.

The 95% confidence interval gives a range of values which we can be reasonably certain contains the true rate ratio. As all confidence intervals shown include the null value (RR 1.0), we have no evidence for an increase in collisions or crime with the lighting change.

Considering specific crime categories, the results suggest that part-

night lighting may have been associated with increases in robbery, RR 1.48 (95% CI 0.99 – 2.21), and that dimming may have been associated with decreases in violence, RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.60 – 1.01).

Because of the relatively few areas in participating councils in which switch off had been introduced, the estimates for switch off were very imprecise: road traffic collisions RR 0.97 (0.82 – 1.15), collisions with casualties killed or seriously injured RR 0.96 (0.67 – 1.35), burglary RR 0.10 (0.01 – 11.52), robbery RR 1.17 (0.20 – 6.71), vehicle crime RR 0.06 (0.01 – 10.09), violence 0.84 (0.55 – 1.29), and crime overall 0.11 (0.01 – 2.75).

There are of course limitations with this study. For example, it is possible that some local authorities declined to participate because of media reports of increases in collisions because of lighting changes in their areas.

If so, we may have underestimated the effects. In addition, we could not account for other road safety or crime prevention initiatives, for example improved road markings or introduction of CCTV cameras.

THE ILP’s VIEW ‘CHANGES TO LIGHTING SHOULD BE MANAGED CAREFULLY’ The ILP has welcomed the LANTERNS report and its conclusions that reduced street lighting in England and Wales is not associated with road traffic collisions or crime and that local authorities can safely reduce street lighting at night. However, it has emphasised the report should not be read as therefore giving a green light to wholesale switching off of street lighting.The report – as Dr Edwards has clearly highlighted – is based on limited data and therefore, as the team at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and University College London have emphasised, changes to lighting should be managed carefully.ILP president Mark Cooper IEng MILP said following publication of the report: ‘The institution has long advocated the implementation by local authorities of holistic lighting strategies, which may include investment in new lighting and technological controls. Switch off may be deployed as part of such strategies providing that each area is carefully analysed by qualified and competent lighting professionals using risk based analysis based on ILP guidance.’

The ILP has also highlighted its free guide on this issue, Advice for considering switching off street lights in the public realm, which can be downloaded from the ILP website, www.theilp.org.uk.

Lighting Journal September 2015

20

Street lighting

If such measures were introduced more often in streets where lighting was changed, it is possible that traffic collisions and crime were changed as a result of these measures, rather than the lighting per se.

It is also possible that the number of road users who travel in streets where street lighting was reduced decreased at the same time that the lighting was reduced, resulting in fewer collisions in those streets. However, our qualitative and survey evidence suggests that changes to mobility in affected areas was likely to be minimal.3 Despite the limitations, we utilised two large publicly available data sets to provide evidence on the relationship between recent street lighting adaptation strategies, road traffic collisions and crime. Previous evidence for the effects of street lighting on road traffic collisions suggests that crashes decrease by 32% when previously dark roads are lit.4 The results of the LANTERNS project show estimates with confidence intervals that are sufficiently narrow to exclude change in traffic collisions of such magnitude. Also, although estimates are imprecise, our results suggest that dimming and white light regimes may be associated with reductions in crime overall.

But road crashes and crime are only part of the story. Our interviews in the eight affected local authorities revealed that the public are concerned about personal security, fear of crime, seeing the night sky, and quality of their sleep.

The results of our survey of households in areas where the street lights are switched off at midnight found that the residents reported feeling less safe when walking alone at night.

Some residents in urban areas said that the street lights show that a local authority cares about their welfare.

Figure 1 Lighting adaptation strategies implemented in 62 participating local authorities

So, although the current evidence now suggests that local authorities can safely reduce street lighting at night without increasing road casualties or crime, local authorities need to consider public concerns when they decide where, and when, to reduce light at night.

The research report, The effect of reduced street lighting on road casualties and crime in England and Wales: controlled interrupted time series analysis, can be found in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206012 http:// jech.bmj.com/content/early/2015/07/08/ jech-2015-206012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The LANTERNS project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (project number 11/3004/02).

The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Health.

We wish to acknowledge the advice and support of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) and the London Lighting Engineers Group (LoLEG).

We thank the members of the project advisory group: Denise Kendrick, Emily Conner and Mark Norris for their advice throughout the project. Specific thanks goes to all of the local authority street lighting managers who provided data for the project.

Dr Phil Edwards is principal investigator on behalf of the Local Authority collaborators’ National Evaluation of Reduced Night-time Streetlight (LANTERNS) Project. He is a senior lecturer at the Department of Population Health at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Dr Edwards will be presenting his findings and holding a question and answer session on the LANTERNS project at the ILP’s Professional Lighting Summit on Thursday 24 September at the Queen Hotel, Chester. Tickets are available through the ILP at, www.theilp.org.uk/

Lighting Journal September 2015

Street lighting

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STATISTICAL METHODS Because changes in street lighting would only be expected to have a direct impact at night, we restricted attention to night-time collisions. However, to guard against bias due to changes concurrent with lighting interventions that impact on the overall (i.e. day and night) collision rates, our model also estimated the change in day-time collisions rates associated with interventions and, as a refined measure of change in outcome rates following each intervention, the ratio between the night-time and daytime changes. We consider this ‘day-time collision rate corrected’ measure to be the most robust estimate of the change in collision rates following the changes to street lighting.

The final model was thus (from Armstrong 2014):2 E (Yi , s ) = mi , s = exp{a s + â T x i }, Y ~ Poisson( mi , conditional on total collisions in segment Y., s )

The parameters αs , which allow for variation in rates across road segments, are fitted implicitly by ‘conditioning out’, as discussed further in Armstrong 2014 and the references cited therein. 2 The vector xi of explanatory variables has the following components (sub-vectors of x): Potentially confounding variables: xmonth : Indicator variables for calendar month (1-12) to control for seasonal patterns and month duration; xyear Indicator variables for calendar year (2000 to 2013) to control for time trends.

To allow adjustment for patterns of day-time collisions: xnight An indicator variable for night-time collisions (1 for night-time; 0 for day-time); xmonth*night, xyear*night Interaction of the night-time indicator with each potentially confounding variable (above) to allow different seasonal patterns and time trends for night-time and day-time collisions.

VARIABLES OF INTEREST: xso,xpn,xdim,xwhite Indicator variables for each lighting intervention: switch off, part-night lighting, dimming, and white light (0 before intervention; 1 after intervention); xso*night, xpn*night, xdim*night, xwhite*night Interaction of these with the night-time indicator; the coefficients of these variables estimate change in the night-time collision rate following the intervention adjusting for any changes observed in the day-time collision rate.

This model was fitted separately to each government region. The mean over regions of the coefficients of interest for each intervention was estimated using a standard meta-analysis model. Because we found no evidence for heterogeneity, fixed effect models were used.

The model for crime rates had the same basic form as that for road traffic collisions, but with the following differences, reflecting different geographical resolution (i.e. counts at MSOA level rather than at road segment level), the larger average counts, and complex background temporal patterns: Instead of indicator variables for pre-intervention and post-intervention months, intervention variables comprised, for each year-month, the proportion (0-1) of total kilometres of road length in an MSOA subject to the intervention; thus 0 would represent no roads with the intervention and 1 would represent all roads with the intervention.

Because time of day of the crime is not available from www.police.uk data, total crime numbers were included, and no night-time interaction variables were needed; the coefficients of interest for each intervention were the ‘main effects’ of the intervention variables.

Given evidence for more complex temporal patterns than allowed for by month and year indicators, we fitted indicator variables for the number of months (1-36) elapsed from the start of the study data series (i.e. a step function for elapsed month from December 2010).

References 1 Perkins C, Steinbach R, Tompson L, et al. What is the effect of reduced street lighting on crime and road traffic injuries at night? A mixed methods study. Report submitted to the National Institute for Health Research, 2015.

Armstrong B, Gasparrini A, Tobias A. Conditional Poisson models: a flexible alternative to conditional logistic case cross-over analysis. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2014; 14 (1):122.

2

Green J, Perkins C, Steinbach R, et al. Reduced street lighting at night and health: a rapid appraisal of public views in England and Wales. Health Place 2015; 34:171–80.

3

4

Beyer F, Ker K. Street lighting for preventing road traffic injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (1):CD004728.

Lighting Journal September 2015

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CIE Conference report

ILLUMINATING OUR SHORES The International Commission on Illumination came to the UK for its conference for the first time in 40 years this summer.

Lighting Journal – in the shape of Stuart Mucklejohn, Nigel Parry and John Stocks – got the lowdown

A

fter Sun City in South Africa in 2011, Manchester University was the venue for the 28th Session of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage or International Commission on Illumination) between 28 June and 5 July.

It was also the first time in 40 years that the commission – the international academic body that decides on standards, guidelines and measurements in lighting – had held its conference in the UK, and only the third time it has graced these shores in total.

The conference was well attended with 492 delegates from 36 countries around the globe (see graphic), and provided a wealth of fascinating papers.

In all, there were 245 posters and five

Lighting Journal September 2015

days of presentations, running three parallel sessions, where delegates enjoyed a very high standard of papers being delivered on new research and studies.

After the opening ceremony the audience was treated to a fascinating account of the bees’ vision system and their behaviour by the guest lecturer Lars Chittka, professor of sensory and behavioural ecology at Queen Mary, University of London.

In her invited lecture, Françoise Viénot, emeritus professor at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, then gave a detailed account of the studies of the responses of cones within the human eye from the earliest investigations through to the present.

COLOUR RENDITION During the Monday morning sessions were run on colour rendition, lighting for life and photobiology.

In the photobiology session, Dr Tessa Pocock of the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, gave a presentation on lighting technology in controlled environment agriculture.

This compared how different light sources affected plant growth and development through trials on red lettuce and illustrated the potential for the use of dynamic LED technology platforms in horticulture.

It also illustrated how one spectra

could be used to promote biomass accumulation and then, following a shift in spectra before harvest, the colour and nutritional content could be increased.

Other talks in this session looked at the sleep behaviour of whooper swans and the impact of artificial light by Liu Gang of Tianjin University and some work on the goniometric characterisation of LED based greenhouse lighting by Anders Thorseth of the Technical University of Denmark.

This showed the variation in spectral power distribution from LED luminaires depending on direction which can impact top illumination in greenhouses.

From the human biological perspective Maria Amundadottir, of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, discussed non-visual spectral effectiveness of ocular light exposure and a proposed new measure – the Relative Spectral Effectiveness factor (RSE) – and how it could be used to compare the spectral effectiveness of different light sources.

MEASUREMENT DEVICES On Tuesday, there were sessions on the advanced characterization of measurement devices, visual perception in interior lighting and road lighting.

In the session on visual perception in interior lighting, Professor Arnold Wilkins of the University of Essex provided a fascinating insight into spatial and temporal pattern discomfort.

CIE Conference report

23

Delegates at this year’s CIE Session

TOP 10 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN (#dels) 71

70

59

60 50

46

43

40 30

30

22 19

20

18

17

17

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s

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Fr an

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US A

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UK

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Ja p

an

10

4 34

3

59

Europe (UK) Europe (Non-UK) Asia/Pacific North America South America

163

Middle East/ Africa

229 Worldwide attendance

This illustrated how patterns such as regular stripes observed in many man-made situations from clothing and decoration to rows of lights in a factory or warehouse can cause visual discomfort.

The effect of light colour on brightness was explored by Miki Kozaki of Ochanomizu University in Japan, whose research indicated that at constant lux levels higher colour temperature illumination appears brighter.

Brightness was also investigated

by James Sullivan of Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand, who showed that applying the Haubner equation as a predictor of brightness to a luminance map is complicated by the fact that a simple point-by-point analysis leads to inaccurate predictions of object’s appearance.

Sullivan argued that the validity of the basic assumptions made by the Haubner equation – that brightness is one dimensional, and that brightness is an appropriate way to describe the appearance of lit surfaces – is questionable, challenging the appropriateness of the entire concept.

COLOUR SCIENCE Wednesday’s sessions covered an even wider range of subjects including colour science, luminance distribution, road lighting, characterization of the optical and visual properties of materials, glare and outdoor lighting and the environment.

Lighting Journal September 2015

24

CIE Conference report

In the glare session Leonie Geerdinck from Philips presented some interesting work on comfort brightness and glare index.

It was pointed out that comfort lighting was more than just providing sufficient task lighting and prevention of glare.

An evaluation of a room lit to three different lighting targets (overall room, brightest luminaire and overhead luminaire) with different LED luminaire conditions showed that comfort, brightness and glare scores changed independently.

A two axis comfort-brightness evaluation system was proposed to differentiate between dark environment and glare discomfort.

This work was complemented

by Maurice Donners, also from Philips, who spoke about the psychophysical model of discomfort glare in both outdoor and indoor applications.

This work focused on the glare issues caused by the arrays of LEDs as used in fixtures that have no diffusing panel over the LED array, resulting in high luminance gradients across the fixture. This research took us back to Arnold Wilkins’ work on spatial and

temporal pattern discomfort.

Donners shows that a visual discomfort glare metric based on the psychophysics of our visual system is more capable of quantifying the discomfort glare from LED arrays than the Unified Glare Rating.

GONIOPHOTOMETRY Thursday morning covered near and far-field goniophotometry, lighting control and visual perception.

In the lighting control session Katharine van Someren of the University of Reading presented some interesting work on the prompting of light switching behaviours in corridors and offices.

Ensuring that a light is off when a room is unoccupied is one of the best ways to conserve energy.

With this in mind van Someren’s investigation showed that if there is a significant difference in light level between a corridor and a room this could trigger the occupant to switch the light off more frequently when vacating that room.

The study is in its early stages and is an interesting avenue of further investigation.

THE CIE DIVISIONS

For those not so familiar with CIE, CIE is split into eight divisions, each of which looks at specific aspects of light and lighting. These are: • • • • • • • •

Division 1: Vision and colour Division 2: Physical measurement of light and radiation Division 3: Interior environment and lighting design Division 4: Lighting and signalling for transport Division 5: Exterior lighting and other applications Division 6: Photobiology and photochemistry Division 7: (Not allocated) Division 8: Image technology

Of these, divisions four and five tend to be the ones with perhaps the greatest interest to ILP members. To that end, we picked out a few papers of note from these two divisions that were presented.

Steve Fotios of the University of Sheffield summarised his recent study showing that, contrary to earlier studies which were hampered by poor experimental design, the light source spectrum does not affect pedestrians’ judgement of the emotion of others as conveyed by facial expression.

Lighting for pedestrians also featured in contributions from Mojtaba Navvab (University of Michigan), lighting consultant Jemima Unwin, lighting designer Diana Del-Negro and French lighting expert Cyril Chain.

Another Fotios paper took up the cause of cyclists with an elegant study of obstacle detection. Although the

Lighting Journal September 2015

CHARACTERISATION OF LIGHT SOURCES Friday provided the last parallel sessions, with characterisation of light sources, integrated design and road lighting all being covered.

In the session on integrated design Martine Knoop, of Berlin University of Technology, presented some extensive work gathering data for input into spectral sky models.

The programme at TU Berlin measured spectral power distributions of sky patches in order to find a luminance to CCT factor for CIE Standard General Skies based on the gradation and indicatrix parameters a, b, c, d and e, and when required, sun height.

Her work is also aimed at developing simulation tools for use in research, product development and lighting design.

Stuart Mucklejohn is project manager and John Stocks is head of quality and supply chain at Ceravision Limited Nigel Parry is principal at OrangeTEK Limited

experiments were conducted in a laboratory, the observers were pedalling on a static bike.

This takes up some of the cognitive load and is far more realistic than having the observer sitting on a chair concentrating solely on obstacle detection. The preliminary results show contrast is important for cyclists to detect obstacles on the road. Further studies are underway to investigate the impact of the position of the cycle front lamp (for example on the helmet, handlebar or wheel hub) on the rider’s ability to detect obstacles.

In his invited talk GTB chairman Geoff Draper gave a superb account of the consequences of complaints about glare from vehicle headlamps and the conflicts between restricting glare but ensuring that visibility is sufficient for drivers to detect, and react to, hazards.

The lack of a well-defined parameter to define for glare in outdoor lighting further illustrated by Miyoshi Ayama of Utsunomiya University in Japan.

Ron Gibbons of the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute led a workshop on adaptive road lighting and visibility, which also featured contributions from Netherlands, Norway, UK and USA. This workshop centred on the introduction of solid state lighting and control systems, which has meant that the ability to adjust lighting levels and roadway appearance has become a reality.

Light pollution from LED roadlighting in the Malvern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty was analysed by light pollution experts Christoper Baddiley and Richard Wainscoat, with particular emphasis on the impact for astronomy.

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26

Refurbishment

IMPERIAL MEASURES LED lighting is transforming refurbishment as well as new-build projects.

Following on from our benefits of lighting in healthcare article (Lighting Journal, June 2015), Nic Paton looks at how LEDs have been used to minimise disruption, save money and reduce maintenance at Ealing Hospital in North London

I

s there anywhere LED lighting cannot go these days? If the experience of Dextra Lighting in its recent refurbishment of Ealing Hospital in north London is anything to go by, the answer is ‘no’.

Indeed, it is becoming difficult to envisage a refurbishment or new build that does not feature LED lights within its lighting scheme in some shape or form.

As Simon Allard, managing director of Dextra Lighting, says: ‘We are increasingly finding that LEDs are being considered for refurb projects, not just new build.’

Ealing Hospital is part of London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, one of the UK’s largest hospital trusts, employing more than 8,000 members of staff and serving a diverse population of approximately 850,000.

Dextra Group was approached by the trust to overhaul its lighting scheme, including upgrading to a bespoke LED lighting system, with installation work beginning in February 2014 and being completed almost exactly a year later. The extensive upgrade covered all aspects of the hospital, including wards, waiting rooms, outdoor and indoor circulation areas, loading bays, canteens and receptions.

‘The timeframe in itself brought something of a challenge because LEDs progress and change so quickly, so there was a challenge around keeping the continuity of the LED chips and making sure the colour matching and colour temperature remained consistent,’ explains Allard.

‘Another issue was that the hospital

Lighting Journal September 2015

building, like many NHS buildings, dated from the 1960s and so had a lot of imperial ceiling grids.

‘Most manufacturers phased out these imperial fittings some 20 years ago so. There’s a question therefore, do you just rip out the suspended ceiling, which will inevitably add to the cost – very much an issue for the NHS of course in the current financial climate – and disrupt the ceiling structure?

‘There’s also the issue, especially on older jobs, that if you take down the ceiling you don’t know what’s going to be above it which, again, could add to the cost and disruption. Or do you make the fittings to fit the ceiling? Which is by and large what we did,’ adds Allard.

In all, in fact, 38 product variants were delivered covering a range of lumen outputs, reflector types, diffuser materials, installation modes, integral emergency packages and dimming/ sensor controls.

Of these, 10 were unique customisations, designed and manufactured with mounting frames purpose built to cater for the old imperial ceiling grids.

Unique products included the DEXLED recessed luminaire, of which a number were provided with customised mounting frames in the corresponding imperial dimensions of 1,220 x 610mm and 610 x 610mm.

These were used in a range of areas, including wards, corridors, stairwells and canteen facilities.

Luminaires from the MODLED range were also manufactured to match the imperial grid dimensions. These were installed in lay-in, pull-up and surface

See the Voyager unveiled at the

28

Refurbishment

mount options and in various lumen outputs and sizes, with variants also used in the hospital’s wards and lift lobbies.

Another customisation was the Graduate Surface LED, which was fitted in several corridors with a bespoke back plate for optimal mounting on to the imperial ceiling type. The Protec LED downlight was delivered in a range of custom bezels to match a variety of surfaces in the waiting areas.

The Sequent LED luminaire was used to create a more inviting and brightly-lit main reception area, while the Avalon Wallpack and Dexeco’s ProLED were used for the hospital’s loading bay and nursery. The Opus 2 LED floodlight was used around the building’s perimeter and roof and Amenity Plus LED was selected to illuminate the hospital’s external areas.

Given that it is estimated lighting accounts for 44% of the average NHS hospital’s electricity usage (almost twice the amount used in commercial buildings), the energy savings the trust should now make will be considerable, argues Dextra’s Allard.

‘But switching to LEDs is about more than just energy saving, it is also about saving money on maintenance – such as the ongoing cost of needing to get an engineer in to change the lamp when it goes – and causing minimal interruption to the day-to-day working of the hospital,’ he points out.

‘So it is about bringing the right solution to the refurbishment, not just bringing a compromise. With Ealing, it was about coming up with a solution that is going to be good for many years to come,’ Allard adds.

Switching to LEDs is about more than just energy saving, it is also about saving money on maintenance and causing minimal interruption to the day-to-day working of the hospital

Lighting Journal September 2015

Imperial ceiling grids meant bespoke customisations were often required

Rail to retail

and everything along the way‌ With seven subsidiary companies the Dextra Group covers all facets of the lighting industry with both standard and bespoke energy efficient lighting solutions.

+44 (0)1747 858100 dextragroup.co.uk

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Architecture and design

THE EYES HAVE IT

There is growing recognition of the importance of daylight in schools, both in terms of benefiting academic performance and in helping to reduce myopia among children, argues researcher Richard Hobday

S

chool architecture has undergone many changes down the years. Educational philosophy has been a major influence. So too has children’s visual health. From the end of the 19th and into the 20th century good daylighting was widely believed to prevent children’s sight being damaged as they went through school.

Rules and standards specified minimum light levels in classrooms to this end with ‘The Daylight Factor’ eventually becoming the standard method for daylighting evaluation.

Then, in the 1960s, medical opinion changed, and so lighting schools to protect eyesight stopped. But recent scientific findings now suggest it may be time to start again.

THE RISE OF MYOPIA AS A THREAT TO VISION Myopia, or short sight, is global health problem among school children. Over the last 30 years, it has reached epidemic levels in many countries. Nearly every child now leaving secondary schools in Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and other parts of East Asia needs glasses or contact lenses to see clearly.

Lighting Journal September 2015

As many as a fifth of them may have severe myopia and so are at high risk of losing their sight later in life. The age at which children are becoming short-sighted in the region is falling. The earlier the onset, the more rapidly their myopia progresses and the more severe it gets.1 Myopia is now the leading cause of blindness among older people in parts of China and Japan.2 The future increase in visual impairment among older people is cause for concern. Even if successful

Even if successful prevention becomes possible, east Asia will still be faced, for close to the next 100 years, with an adult population at high risk of developing pathological myopia

Architecture and design prevention becomes possible, east Asia will still be faced, for close to the next 100 years, with an adult population at high risk of developing pathological myopia.

In the United States and Europe myopia now affects about half of young adults, which is more than double the prevalence in the 1960s. Some 220 million people across Europe are affected with the highest rates in the 25-29 years age group.3 Globally, about 1.7 billion people are myopic. If current trends continue, by the end of the decade this number will increase to 2.2 billion.4 Myopia is the result of abnormal lengthening of the eyeball which makes light focus in front of the retina rather than onto it. Milder forms are referred to as ‘school’ or ‘simple’ myopia. Any level of myopia, whether mild, moderate or severe, significantly increases the risk of developing sight-threatening conditions such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataract and macular degeneration.

There is no safe threshold; and the more severe the myopia, the greater the risk of ocular diseases becomes.

At one time, it was widely believed that high levels of daylight in classrooms could prevent children becoming myopic and stop its progression. ‘Sight saving classes’ were set up to try to stop children with severe myopia from getting worse. Good daylighting was a feature of these classes, and it became so in all schools – until the 1960s when medical thinking changed.5 DAYLIGHT IN SCHOOLS: EARLY RESEARCH During the 19th century, Germany became the first country to make state education compulsory. And Germany soon became known as the ‘nation of myopes’ because it was here that school myopia first became a serious problem. When scientists began studying the deterioration of school children’s sight they identified low light levels as a possible cause.

Many other theories were being put forward to explain the rise of myopia. It was linked to bad hygiene, close work, too much exertion, or an infection with syphilis or tuberculosis, or it was inherited from myopic parents.

Myopia has long been the subject of a ‘nurture versus nature’ debate which continues to this day. The cause, or causes of myopia have eluded science for more than 150 years; although recently the picture has become clearer.

Some of the first research into the effects of school lighting on myopia was conducted in the 1860s by Dr Hermann Cohn of Breslau University. Cohn measured the eyesight of 10,060 school children and found myopia among them was progressive. Short sightedness increased with the number of years they spent at school – from class to class. The severity of the myopia also rose. In Germany’s ‘Gymnasia’, or high schools, Cohn found percentages of myopia from the first year of school through to the sixth were 12.5, 18.2, 23.7, 31, 41.3, and 55.8 respectively. So more than half of the children he examined in the highest classes were myopic.

Cohn compared classroom light levels with the number of short-sighted children. He found what he believed was a direct relationship: if the windows were small, or the surrounding buildings darkened the interiors, myopia increased. Schools in narrow streets had the highest rates.

Schools in rural areas, the lowest.

He concluded that window areas in classrooms had to be at least one-fifth the floor area to prevent children becoming short-sighted. This was double the amount he found in some of the schools he measured. Cohn stated that as long as glare and heat from the sun were controlled, there could never be too much light in a school. His work

31

on eyesight and lighting was very influential. It improved conditions in schools generally; so much so, Cohn was referred to as the ‘father of school medicine’.6 MYOPIA AND THE DAYLIGHT FACTOR Eye experts, engineers and architects began writing design guidance on school lighting, with PJ Waldram among the leading contributors. Standards and regulations were formulated and published; and this continued until the late 1950s. Over time, the way in which light levels in classrooms were specified changed from the simple floorto-window area, to the sky angle, to the modified sky angle, to window sill levels, and on to the Daylight Factor.

However, Cohn’s work on lighting and myopia was never validated. So, in effect, there was no scientific basis for what followed it. Half a century after his theories about school lighting and children’s vision had gained widespread acceptance, the basis for them was questioned. Where was the evidence that daylight prevented myopia? There was none. So an intensive research programme was proposed.

It was argued the best approach would be to study children over several years; beginning in infants’ schools.

Unfortunately, studies of this kind were never carried out.

So no one really knew if Cohn’s insistence on good lighting in schools was correct. Despite this, high levels of natural light in classrooms continued to be specified and eventually became a statutory requirement. Meanwhile the cause or causes of myopia continued to be hotly debated.5 A NEW ORTHODOXY In 1962, the British Medical Research Council published a report, based on a study of twins, which concluded that myopia was overwhelmingly inherited. The results seemed to show that the environment in which children were raised had hardly any effect on myopia.

Unfortunately, this research was deeply flawed.

Nevertheless, it proved highly influential, and genetic determinism became the prevailing orthodoxy for the next 50 years. Medical opinion had changed; and designers soon followed. What had once been considered good practice in school design was no longer valid, it seemed.

Daylight was no longer thought to be important for the healthy development of children’s eyesight. So, one of the main reasons for getting daylight into classrooms had gone.

Meanwhile, lighting engineers were arguing there was no evidence that ‘natural light’ was any better than fluorescent lighting. So there was no need to provide it.

Windowless schools became popular in the United States, and some were built in Europe. In Britain, during the late 1950s and into the 1960s, the poor performance of new schools resulted in a move away from daylight towards artificial lighting. Many schools built during this period were incorrectly oriented and over-glazed and, as a result, overheated in summer. Compact school buildings with smaller windows started to be built. School design was no longer influenced by the long-held belief that high levels of daylight protected children’s eyesight.5 By the 1990s, daylighting was seen as a way to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions in British schools.

Also, natural light was believed to be good for learning and teaching. So recommended illuminances went back up.

Some local authorities built ‘passive solar schools’ (see case study page 34). These had large south-facing windows to admit sunlight for heating, and smaller windows to the north. The best designs created a learning environment which teachers and pupils enjoyed. A survey of such

Lighting Journal September 2015

32

Architecture and design

schools in Hampshire, for example, found the academic performance among pupils improved in them. This seemed to be related to the higher levels of daylight in passive solar schools compared to conventional designs; and to the presence of sunlight in classrooms.7 PROTECTING EYESIGHT WITH DAYLIGHT Since the 1960s, little has been done to prevent myopia because it was thought to be inherited. Some forms of myopia are hereditary. But most are not. New scientific studies have revived the idea that it is the environment in which children are raised and educated that determines whether or not they become short-sighted.

They also support Cohn’s finding that each year a child spends at school significantly increases their chances of becoming short-sighted. And, should they develop myopia, the higher the level of education they attain, the more severe the impairment of their vision will become.

Meanwhile, research into the influence of daylight on myopia has resumed. The results show children who spend time outdoors during the daylight hours are less likely to become myopic. Children who experience lower ambient light

Lighting Journal September 2015

levels appear to be at greater risk. Light in classrooms may have some influence on the onset of the condition, as Cohn argued 150 years ago.8 But research is at a very early stage.

CONCLUSION Myopia harms children. It can affect their self-perception, quality of life, educational attainment and choice of career.

And it increases their risk of developing sight-threatening conditions later in life.

Worldwide, myopia poses a major challenge to public health and to the economies of countries worst affected.

As the social and economic cost of the epidemic becomes more widely recognised, educational thinking will change. Fifty years after it stopped, daylighting classrooms to protect children’s eyesight may resume.

Dr. Richard Hobday is an authority on light and health in the builtenvironment. He is currently working on design guidance for myopia prevention.

ELEXON APPROVED LIGHTING THE WAY FOR SMARTER CITIES

34

Architecture and design

CASE STUDY Farnborough Grange Junior School in Hampshire is a good example of a new-build school designed for passive solar gain.

The school, designed by Edward Cullinan Architects, was originally envisaged as a refurbishment project but became a new-build once it was recognised the existing school was beyond saving.

Single-storey, south-facing classrooms maximise daylight but also encourage airflow and ventilation.

The asymmetrical roof arrangement bounces daylight deep into the plan. The opening clerestory windows also help to prevent overheating in the summer sun. The lower windows are sheltered by a horizontal plane of wind-mesh, argues the firm.

The plan is a twisted Y shape with the main staircase in a cylinder at the centre. This means the stair acts as a pivot or hinge-point for the classroom wings to rotate around, allowing them to exploit the full width of the playing fields and take full advantage of the southerly orientation and, in turn, natural daylight.

References 1.

Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K and Saw SM. Myopia. Lancet 2012 May 5;379(9827):1739-48.

2.

Holden B, Sankaridurg P, Smith E, et al. Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control. Eye (London) 2014 Feb;28(2):142-146.

Williams KM, Bertelsen G, Cumberland P, et al. Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the impact of education.

Ophthalmol 2015 Jul;122(7):1489-97.

3.

Holden B, Davis S, Jong M, Resnikoff S. The evolution of uncorrected refractive error as a major public health issue. J and Proc Royal Soc New South Wales 2013;147(453-4):101-6.

4.

Hobday R A. Myopia and daylight in schools: a neglected aspect of public health? Perspect Public Health 2015 Mar 23.[Epub ahead of print] 5.

Foggin G. The eyes and eyesight of school children. In: Medical examination of schools and scholars. Kelynack TN (ed) London: PS King and Son, 1910, pp 138-178.

6.

Edwards BW. Environmental design and educational performance, with particular reference to ‘green’ schools in Hampshire and Essex. Res in Education 2006 Nov; 76: 14-32.

7.

Hua WJ1, Jin JX, Wu XY, et al. Elevated light levels in schools have a protective effect on myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015 May;35(3):252-62.

8.

Lighting Journal September 2015

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36

Future concept

CLOAKING TECHNOLOGY A team of German scientists has developed a cloaking technique that could also improve t’s nearly a decade LED efficiency since researchers at

I

Duke University in the US announced they had developed the world’s first “invisibility cloak”, generating an array of Harry Potterbased headline puns.

Of course, in reality that cloak, created using a Robert Schittny: controlling energy flows combination of artificial composite metamaterials and transformation optics, was nothing like the total masking cloak used by the teenage wizard, given that it could only render objects invisible to microwaves.

But researchers are nevertheless continuing to break new ground in this area. One of the latest innovations is work by a team at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany, which has developed a portable invisibility cloak that can be taken into classrooms and used for demonstrations, but also potentially has applications for improving out-coupling efficiency for LEDs. Built from a composite structure using titanium dioxide nanoparticles mixed into transparent silicone, the cloak can conceal things from light of any colour and coming from any direction. But it only works through turbid or diffuse media where the light does no longer propagate linearly, such as frosted glass, fog or clouds.

The team, explains researcher Robert Schittny, used an extended light source to illuminate a Plexiglas tank of a few centimetres in width from the back.

The tank was filled with a white, turbid liquid, meaning that objects inside would cast a shadow on to the tank wall.

A number of metal cylinders of a few centimetres in diameter were used as test objects. To pass light around the cylinders, a thin shell made of the transparent silicon material PDMS was applied as well as a powder of light-scattering TiO2 nanoparticles.

This shell caused a quicker diffusion, causing light to pass around the objects and meaning they no cast a shadow and, as such, were cloaked from view.

“When people talk about invisibility cloaks, the way they usually think about it is as something that is macroscopic and hides all invisible light; a bit like in science fiction or Harry Potter. But, as we all know, that is just not compatible with the laws of physics,”

Future concept says Schittny, who led the research with Professor Martin Wegener.

“For most people working in this field of research it is not about creating a magical Harry Potter-style perfect invisibility cloak. There is a recognition that even if you managed to create a perfect invisibility cloak where light was completely guided around an object, perhaps for a military application such as an aeroplane, if no light can reach the object, then the aeroplane would be blind.

“Even if we have to forget about all visible light, you can think about certain wavelengths of light. It is possible to build structures using resonance materials that can mask or absorb wavelengths of light, and that is what people have been working on this since 2006 onwards.

“So the focus is more on finding ways to control energy flows; it is about developing more precise ways to control how energy flows and how you manage and harvest light,” he adds.

Although it is still early days and we are likely to be some years off the development of practical applications, this sort of technology could be applied in a number of ways, suggests Schittny.

“We will have to wait a long time for real applications, but with the help of the principle found,

it might be possible to produce frosted glass panes for bathrooms with integrated metal bars or sensors against burglary. These sensors or bars would be invisible from the inside and outside,” he points out.

“It could be used for things like in-coupling of solar cells or out-coupling of LEDs to improve the efficiency of those devices or for improving heat conduction.

“It is basically just about controlling how heat flows and looking at applications from there,” he adds.

Metal cylinders were coated with a transparent silicon material and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to cause quicker diffusion

Features for October 2015 Issue Tunnel lighting

Ever-greater volumes of traffic on our roads are requiring innovative solutions, including more tunnels, and in turn increasing demand for efficient, effective tunnel lighting schemes.

The end of office ceilin g luminaires?

How we work and comm un

changing, especially incr icate in offices is ea conferencing. What will sed use of videothis and other changes mean for the office ceili ng luminaire?

Pedestrian crossingsthe effect financial Understanding TR12, and on lighting pressure on councils is having standards.

37

38

VPs’ column

SWITCH PERFECT? Alan Jaques, VP Highways and Infrastructure, looks at the pros and cons of generic charge codes for LEDs

A

s Vice President for Highways and Infrastructure, I sit on the Elexon UMSUG panel as a representative for customers. Elexon is considering the introduction of generic LED charge codes for lighting apparatus and has been going through a consultation process, especially to seek views from the following participants involved in the unmetered supplies (UMS) arrangements: • electricity suppliers; • meter administrators; • distribution system operators (DSOs) and their UMS operators (UMSOs); • customers; • inventory database providers; • providers of central management systems (CMS); and • manufacturers of LED lighting apparatus.

Generic charge codes are nothing new, and prior to the introduction of electronic control gear virtually all charge codes were generic. It didn’t matter which manufacturer of lamp or gear that you used, the charge code purely related to the lamp type, wattage and gear type.

With the introduction of LED luminaires and the countless combinations of LED manufacturers, LED wattages, quantities of LEDs in luminaires, electronic driver ballast manufacturers and drive currents there has been an enormous increase in the number of requests for charge codes all of which are currently required to be product specific.

If the proposal put forward is accepted and implemented as drafted, all LED lighting apparatus will have generic charge codes all prefixed with 42. There will be 500 codes covering a total luminaire wattage at full power from 1 watt through to 500 watts and the charge code will be specific to the wattage of the product, not the manufacturer, number of LED’s or the drive current. The 3rd to 6th digits in the 13 digit charge code will relate to the wattage at full power.

Lighting Journal September 2015

While the proposed introduction of generic charge codes for LEDs will be a simplification, it will have the knock-on effect of making the switching regime more complicated So, for example: An LED luminaire with a pull power wattage of 36 watts would have a charge code of 42 0036 0000 100 An LED luminaire with a pull power wattage of 233 watts would have a charge code of 42 0233 0000 100 The final three digits relate to the dimming level and with the introduction of generic LED charge codes these would always be 100, for example full load circuit watts.

There would still be a requirement for manufacturers to request the use of these charge codes for their products.

In order for customers to ensure the products they were proposing to purchase could be used with the generic charge codes an up-to-date spreadsheet would always be available on the Elexon website.

Taken at face value this proposal would seem to simplify the process for many parties, especially the local authorities, but things are never quite that simple.

With a generic charge code, how will the local authority street lighting team know exactly the type of luminaire from just looking at their management information system? For example does

their inventory include attributes for drive currents and does this need recoding somewhere or not, how will the inventory data be validated for accuracy if there is significant missing data?

While the proposed introduction of generic charge codes for LEDs will be a simplification, it will have the knock-on effect of making the switching regime more complicated, especially if you adopt multi-level static dimming.

It is important to remember the dimming percentages in the switching regime relate to power consumption and not light output; it should not be assumed that their relationship is linear and it will be different for each driver type.

While meeting with Elexon, some interesting facts and figures in relation to unmetered supplies also came to light: • The total unmetered energy in Great Britain has reduced by 5% in the past year. This is believed to be as a result of the energy saving measures being implemented, including part night switch off, part night dimming and LED lamp replacement. This is despite an increase in unmetered energy use for unmetered telecoms equipment.

• National electricity use has dropped 0.5% in the past year, yet unmetered has reduced 5%.

• Unmetered energy use now accounts for 1.2% of all electricity usage.

• There is a continuing move from non-half hourly trading to half hourly trading of energy, in 2007/8 51% was traded half hourly that figure had increased to 70% by 2014/15.

These figures seem to demonstrate that we are making a significant reductions in our street lighting energy consumption. Hopefully this is also being reflected in cashable energy savings and lighting standards aren’t being compromised in the process.

Alan Jaques is practice manager, lighting systems, at Atkins Alan.Jaques@atkinsglobal.com

40 Products

What’s new

OrangeTEK

Residential lighting The new Voyager luminaire from Orangetek has been designed to deliver the best photometric output for all residential lighting class requirements, with a lantern that is simple to install and maintain. Using the latest Tier 1 LED chips, it provides the highest system efficiency to ensure class leading energy savings compared to other light sources and current LED solutions, thereby delivering a quick payback on investment. It offers three lens options (narrow, medium and wide) to enable all residential road configurations to be achieved, plus a choice of LED colour temperatures and drive current options from 300mA to 700mA. www.orangetek.co.uk

Verbatim

Anti-glare LED lamps Verbatim, a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Kagaku, has introduced a range of anti-glare AR111 LED lamps to provide halogen replacements for retail and hospitality use. The retrofit 10.5W AR111s feature a design that mimics the lighting effect of a traditional halogen lamp by directing the light emitted into the reflector. The lamp weighs just 100g and its narrow dimensions enable it to be physically compatible with many different types of AR111 fixtures. It has a multi-faceted mirror-finish on the reflector and is ideal for general lighting and spotlighting in public areas such as lobbies, corridors, stairwells and shops. The range has 2700, 3000 and 4000K colour temperature options, providing lumens of 680, 700 and 740 respectively.

The products deliver efficacy of up to 71lm/W and a long lifetime of 40,000 hours. The LED’s lamp’s 10.5W power rating and 750lm luminous flux equates to a 75W halogen lamp. www.verbatim.com

Eaton

Emergency lighting monitoring Power management company Eaton has launched a user-friendly monitoring system for emergency lighting, CGLine+. Each CGLine+ controller supports the monitoring of up to 800 luminaires while internet connectivity allows the interconnection of controllers to allow advanced monitoring and automatic testing of up to 25,000 luminaires from a single control point. Open system interfacing to building management systems is also supported. www.eaton.com

Lighting Journal September 2015

Products

41

Sangamo

Digital time switches Time switching and heating control company Sangamo has unveiled two new Astro timers, or switches that track dusk and dawn automatically. The Sangamo 72101 (one channel) and 72201 (two channel) Astro time switches work with all modern lamps, including LED and CFL lighting, and are designed to fit on DIN Rail. They use latitude and longitude or the nearest city to give accurate sunrise and sunset times. www.sangamo.co.uk

Aurora

High bay LED luminaires Ideal for use in warehouses, industrial spaces, canopies, manufacturing and conference centres, the new Ostia range of high bay LED luminaires for Aurora has a power factor of 0.95, between 8,000 and 20,000 lumens. The range can be controlled by a choice of optional aluminium or acrylic reflectors. An aluminium heatsink enables a lower operating temperature and leads to an average operating lifetime of 50,000 hours to L70 (70% lumen maintenance).

Available in 100W, 160W and 200W versions, and all with built-in 1-10V dimming, the range can be used in conjunction with daylight or occupancy sensors. www.auroralighting.com

Tofco

Retro-fit LED lamp Northumberland lighting firm Tofco has developed a driverless AC 36watt (UMSUG coded) Retro-Fit LED lamp. The lamp has been designed for lanterns aged one to 15-years-old and which still have at least another 15 years left in the carcass. The lamp screws directly into an E27 lamp-holder, taking about 10 minutes per fitting. It is the only retrofit lamp specifically designed for street lighting, the company has said and, with the diameter of 65mm, fits into the majority of major manufacturers’ lanterns. It is currently installed in authorities in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland. www.tofco.co.uk

Lighting Journal September 2015

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44

YLP column

PASSING THE BATON Kevin Dugdale outgoing chair of the YLP reviews his year, while incoming chair James Duffin looks at his ‘to do’ list KEVIN DUGDALE I became active in the ILP after finding out about the YLP movement and wanting to become part of this group to change the future. I wanted to uphold the founding principles of the YLP group to encourage younger members to become more involved with their ILP. My year as chair has all been about this – providing value to members by providing a support network and technical information via the CPD events.

My YLP ‘career’ started as the North-Eastern regional representative in 2012, joining the ever growing number of voices from the younger generation of engineers who wanted to break the old model.

A lot of YLP members have asked me what a regional representative really does. Regional representatives are the main voice for all of the young lighting professionals in your region and provide an invaluable route from members to the national YLP committee and your region.

Without the regional representative, both national and region risk becoming disconnected, which can be destructive.

One of my aims for the year has been to ensure CPD events are inclusive for all the regions by having events run at locations throughout the UK. Sadly the Irish region missed out as I ran out of time with my year. I have requested that in the near future the YLP arrange a CPD event in Ireland.

My year as chair started in November 2014 where I took over from the outgoing chair Fiona Horgan. Fiona set a very high standard for my year, but with an active committee it wasn’t a concern.

I arranged a total of four CPD events and our AGM across the country on various topics in partnership with manufacturers and designers. It provided a year of interesting CPD events to engage both YLP and ILP members, as all members are welcome!

Our first CPD event was held at

Lighting Journal September 2015

Philips in Guildford, Surrey, where we looked at LED maintenance factors with a deep dive into how we calculate maintenance factors and how this has changed ‘or not’ with the introduction of LED in anticipation of the update to BS5489-1:2013 Annex C. The ‘Basics of Light’ took us through the Philips ‘experience room’ to review the basics of light, a must for any young lighting professional.

The final paper for the day was on ‘Beyond Smart Controls’, an in-depth look at CMS technology and how it has been adopted by many local authorities. The paper looked at what is possible today with many practical demonstrations, how technology is evolving and what the future might hold as smart controls develop.

The second CPD event was held at Harvard Engineering in Normanton, West Yorkshire, with a technical paper on the wireless control market, trends for wireless controls adoption, available wireless technologies, protocols, challenges and concerns.

The third CPD event was with Iguzzini in Guildford and the final event for my year will be held at Mark Stoane Lighting in Loanehead, Midlothian, Scotland – who I would like to give a big thank you to for providing our first of many Scottish events.

To conclude my year, I’d like to thank my vice-chair/secretary James Duffin who has been a rock and to add it has gone by far too quickly! I’d like to thank everyone on the committee and massive thanks to all the people in industry who have supported us.

Here’s to the future of the ILP – with the YLP continuing to go from strength to strength (as our latest statistics show below) it looks very promising.

Kevin Dugdale is senior lighting engineer at AECOM JAMES DUFFIN I never considered I would become chair of the YLP when I joined as a member back in 2009. I joined the YLP committee in 2013 as I wanted to be more involved.

Still in its infancy, the YLP range of technical seminars was at that point somewhat limited and I found those provided by the ILP particularly valuable.

I wanted to help support the YLP committee develop their own range of technical sessions. Therefore it is with great pride that I will become the YLP chair for 2016.

My goals, simply, will be to serve the

members and bring greater success for the YLP and, like Kevin, to uphold the founding principles of the YLP. But I am also passionate about engaging with students and further developing student membership, and I hope the responsibility I have had for the website and social media for the past two years will help in this.

The YLP has grown from strength to strength under the direction of its recent chairs James Wright, Fiona Horgan and Kevin Dugdale.

Working with these chairmen inspired me to put myself forward for the role of YLP chairman, and I have a lot to live up to. But I know I am surrounded by a dedicated committee who share the vision of continuing success for the YLP, increasing membership and running more technical sessions and networking and social events. With this I know 2016 will be a great year for the YLP! Event planning for 2016 is already underway, with events planned in London and the South East, Northern and North Eastern regions. We also have a joint technical session with the ILP in the Western region planned.

In conclusion I would like to thank Kevin and the committee for making 2015 an outstanding year.

And finally I would like to thank my employer SSE Enterprise Lighting for their continued support. @ylpgroup #committed James Duffin is street lighting designer with SSE Enterprise Lighting Year 2009

YLP Membership 2

2010

80

2011

155

2012

189

2013

203

2014

250

2015

326

Would you like to have your voice heard by the lighting community? The YLP column is dedicated to articles, information and news about YLP Members, therefore if you’ve attended an event, or would like to write an article, or share your experiences from within the lighting industry, please contact Tom Baynham: ylp@indolighting.com

Lighting Consultants

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise

Carl Ackers

Stephen Halliday

Nick Smith

Built Environment Consulting Ltd

WSP

Nick Smith Associates Limited

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL

Castle Donington DE74 2UH

EngTech AMILP

Manchester M50 3SP

IEng MILP

Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: +44 (0) 1332 811711 M: 07867 784906 E: carlackers@bec-consulting.co.uk

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

With many years’ experience we are able to bring a wealth of knowledge to the design process. Our vision is to deliver class leading sustainable solutions for the built environment, including specialist internal and external lighting design and specification services, record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

Steven Biggs

Philip Hawtrey

Anthony Smith

Skanska Infrastructure Services

Mouchel

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk

T: 04489 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com

www.bec-consulting.co.uk

IEng MILP

Peterborough PE1 5XG

www.wspgroup.com

BTech IEng MILP MIET

Sutton Coldfield B72 1PH

www.nicksmithassociates.com

Eng FILP

Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

www.mouchel.com

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

www.staintonlds.co.uk

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

John Conquest

Allan Howard

Alan Tulla

4way Consulting Ltd

WSP

Alan Tulla Lighting

www.skanska.co.uk

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP Stockport, SK4 1AS

T: 0161 480 9847 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

www.wspgroup.com

IEng FILP FSLL

Winchester, SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

Lorraine Calcott

Alan Jaques

Euan Clayton

it does lighting ltd

Atkins

Clayton Fourie Consultancy Ltd

www.4wayconsulting.com

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

IEng MILP

Nottingham, NG9 2HF

www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

IEng MILP

Edinburgh, EH15 3RT

T: 07722 111424 E: claytonfourie@aol.com

www.itdoes.co.uk

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

www.atkinsglobal.com

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Internationally experienced multi-disciplinary consultants. We provide design and technical advice on all aspects of exterior lighting, hazardous area lighting, traffic signals and other highway electrical works.We also provide Planning Advice, Road Safety Audits and Expert Witness Services

Mark Chandler

Tony Price

Simon Butt

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Vanguardia Consulting

Capita

T: 01908 698869 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

EngTech AMILP

Reading RG10 9QN

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Oxted RH8 9EE

www.clayton-fourie-consultancy.com

BEng(Hons) CEng, MICE, MILP, MAPM Blackburn, BB2 1AU

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Capita are a market leading design consultant, who specialise in street lighting design, LED retrofit schemes and project management. We also provide budget reducing solutions through technical expertise in products, specifications and procurement. We offer energy reduction advice, funding mechanisms and financial evaluations.

Colin Fish

Alistair Scott

Simon Bushell

WSP

Designs for Lighting Ltd

SSE Enterprise Lighting

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

IEng MILP

Hertford SG13 7NN

www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE

T: 01254 273000 E: simon.butt@capita.co.uk

www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure

MBA DMS IEng MILP

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Southampton SO30 2LG T: +44 (0)1489771803 M: 07584 313990 E: simon.bushell@ssecontracting.com

Providing design and technical services for all applications of exterior and interior lighting from architectural to sports, rail, area, highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations on wildlife and the community.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Professional consultancy from the largest external lighting contractor maintaining 1.5m lights in the UK and Ireland. Exterior lighting/electrical design for Motorways, Highways, Architectural, Car Parks, Public Spaces and Sports lighting. From advice on carbon reduction strategies to delivering the whole installation package.

www.wspgroup.com

Winchester SO23 7TA

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

www.sseenterprise.co.uk/solutions-for-business/lighting

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY EXTERIOR LIGHTING TO RESERVE A PLACE ON THE WAITING LIST FOR THE LIGHTING DIRECTORY PLEASE CONTACT:

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

JULIE –01536 527297 JULIE@MATRIXPRINT.COM

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

WIND RELEASING BANNERS

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690

info@PowerDataAssociates.com

www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk

• Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Patented Raised Lamppost Banner System that significantly reduces loading on columns and prevents banners twisting and tearing.

Column testing and guarantee service available.

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

COLUMNS

0208 343 2525 baymedia.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC

Havant, PO9 9BT

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring

Contact Nick Smith

The most approved system by Highways Engineers

equipment.

PO Box 210

CPD Accredited Training

Venues by arrangement

Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories

light measuring and photometric

INSTRUMENTS LTD

TRAINING SERVICES

Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

LIGHTING

fresh thinking trusted technology

- Direct LED retrofit lamps - LED gear tray retrofits - Induction Lighting

0203 051 1687 www.indolighting.com

DIARY 14-18

1

27-30

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 1 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

Night of Heritage Light (SLL IYL event) One night when a series of UK Unesco World Heritage Sites will be specially illuminated www.sll-nhl.org

Hong Kong International Lighting Fair Venue: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre www.hktdc.com

September

16-19

September LED Lighting China (Supported by the ILP) Venue: Shanghai New International Expo Centre www.ledlightingchina-sh

20-23

September First International Workshop on Future Light Technology and Human Health Venue: University of Surrey, Guildford www.lightingandhealth.net

22

September Lecture by Alessio Constantino of Zaha Hadid Architects, part of the Design Palooza series organised by the International Association of Lighting Designers Venue: acdc showroom, London, N1 6AS emma@iald.org

October

8-10

October

15

18-19

Practical Street Lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

LuxLive 2015 (Supported by the ILP) Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.luxlive.co.uk

October

19

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 1 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

Lux Awards 2015 Venue: Troxy, Commercial Road, London E1 www.luxawards.co.uk

October

How to be Brilliant with: James Newton, James Newton Photographs The why, where and when of photographing lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

Professional Lighting Summit (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Queen Hotel, Chester jess@theilp.org.uk

November

19-23

Fifth International LED professional Symposium and Expo (LpS 2015) Venue: Festspielhaus, Bregenz, Austria www.led-professional-symposium.com

September

October

PLDC 2015 (Supported by the ILP as Official Knowledge Partner) Venue: Ergife Palace Hotel, Rome www.pld-c.com

27

23-24

28-31

IALD Enlighten Americas 2015 Location: Baltimore, MD www.iald.org/about/events/event.asp?EVENT_ ID=401&

22-24

September

October

October

November

24

November How to be Brilliant with: Tim Downey, StudioFRACTAL (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

29

September How to be Brilliant with: Ray Molony, Revo Media Writing for the lighting press (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events

23-24 September Professional Lighting Summit - Queen Hotel Chester

Good lighting increases security!

Be inspired by timeless design – Made in Sweden Contact us today: Phone: +44 (0) 1952 250800 Email: info@aura-light.co.uk www.aura-light.co.uk / www.noral.se/en