Lighting Journal October 2019

Professional best practice from the Institution of Lighting Professionals

October 2019

PAST GLORIES How The British Museum balances daylight and great lighting to protect and showcase its artefacts DESIGNS FOR LIFE Unpicking the latest guidance from the CIE and ILP on maintenance factors LOCAL KNOWLEDGE What local government decisionmakers are prioritising when it comes to smart cities

The publication for all lighting professionals

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Contents

38

12 06 DESIGNS FOR LIFE

The CIE has issued important new guidance on maintenance factors, which the ILP is now complementing with an updated maintenance factor guidance note. Nigel Parry looks at what has changed

12PHOTOMETRIC FINISH

The quality and accuracy of photometric data is a critical element of designing any street lighting installation.

Manufacturers’ data will normally be presented in one of two formats: absolute or relative. Lawrence Baynham guides you through the differences

14 SAFETY CONSCIOUS

The European Union’s EN 12767 standard for road and passive safety is being adjusted, and the changes being introduced may affect your choice of poles, explains Bas van Boxtel

16

ELECTRIC AVENUES

The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) on our roads was a key theme of this year’s ILP Professional Lighting Summit. Over the next three editions – starting with the talk by Nick Ebsworth from Siemens – we’ll look at what this evolution may mean for EV charging

20

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE

The opportunity of smart cities is wellrecognised within the lighting industry.

But how is smart technology viewed by non-lighting local government officers and councillors? What are their priorities?

A recent debate investigated

DEPRECIATION 26 APPRECIATION

Because LED luminaires do not ‘blow’ like traditional lamps it is imperative lighting professionals clearly explain to clients the complexities of LED ‘mortality’, argues Ben Sutton

30LEARNING FOR LIFE

The ILP has reformed and reconstituted its education committee, with an ambitious remit to totally overhaul how training and CPD is delivered, both to members but also externally. Nic Paton spoke to VP– Education Kimberly Bartlett

34 LEADING CHANGE

Carrying on with our update of the new and existing Vice President roles within the ILP, Nic Paton spoke to Ian Jones, Glen Warner and Rebecca Hatch about their current plans

THERE BE 38 LET DAYLIGHT

The need for sustainability, energy saving and to meet ‘human-centric’ standards such as WELL and BREEAM are all leading to an increased focus on daylight control and the optimisation of natural light within lighting design, argues Miguel Aguado

42 PAST GLORIES

Trainee lighting designer and YLP member Harriet Parkin was recently given an opportunity to visit The British Museum to understand how it brings its artefacts to life through lighting. This is what she discovered

44

FIRE FROM THE SKY

By the autumn of 1940, the Luftwaffe was attacking major industrial areas and centres of population, including London and other major cities, in the precursor of what eventually became ‘The Blitz’. As Simon Cornwell shows, for lighting engineers it was their first taste of how lighting columns and other infrastructure would fare under assault from the air – with some surprising results

FORWARD 48 THINKING

Next month sees the return of LuxLive to London’s ExCeL centre, from 13-14 November. Here is what ILP members can expect

3

44

EDUCATION 52 OPPORTUNITY

The ILP has once again partnered with the Surface Design Show to host three days of ‘Light Talks’ at next year’s Light School. It is an opportunity for the industry to showcase how it can complement and shape great design

Professional best practice from the Institution of Lighting Professionals

October 2019

54 DON’T PANIC?

In his ‘How to be brilliant’ lecture in May, lighting designer and journalist John Bullock mused on Brexit, the uncertainties of dealing with the unexpected that life throws at you and the wisdom of the late, great Douglas Adams

58 DIARY

PAST GLORIES How the British Museum balances daylight and great lighting to protect and showcase its artefacts DESIGNS FOR LIFE Unpicking the latest guidance from the CIE and ILP on maintenance factors LOCAL KNOWLEDGE What local government decisionmakers are prioritising when it comes to smart cities

The publication for all lighting professionals

p COVER PICTURE

The Great Court of the British Museum in London. YLP member Harriet Parkin highlights on page 42 how the museum seamlessly integrates natural and artificial light throughout its interior spaces

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Editor’s letter

Volume 84 No 9 October 2019 President Anthony Smith IEng FILP Chief Executive Tracey White Editor Nic Paton BA (Hons) MA Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk Editorial Board Tom Baynham MEng MA (Cantab) Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Kevin Dugdale BA (Hons) IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD Nathan French Jess Gallacher (ILP engagement and communications manager) John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng FILP Lora Kaleva MSc Assoc IALD Nigel Parry IEng FILP Georgia Thomas (YLP rep) BA (Hons) Paul Traynor Richard Webster Graphic Design Tolu Akinyemi B.Tech MSc Email: tolu@matrixprint.com Alex Morris BA (Hons) Email: alex@matrixprint.com Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk

Produced by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C,Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

I

am not a betting man and have no knowledge of horses or the impenetrable jargon (‘board prices’, ‘carpet’, ‘bottle’ anyone?) that seems to surround horse racing. To that end, you won’t see me out on the turf at Uttoxeter Racecourse during the ILP’s Lightscene CPD event later this month.

But Lightscene on 17 October nevertheless promises to be a fascinating day – and I will of course report back for you on it within Lighting Journal. Some of the topics set to be discussed – from the changing role of the lighting professional through to whether local authorities will even need lighting engineers in the future – go to the heart of ongoing debates around the likely shape, focus and vibrancy of the profession in the future.

These are discussions that, naturally, can get passions going. At the Professional Lighting Summit in Newcastle in June, I ran a workshop along with Liz Hudson, representing Carbon Reduction Technology, aiming to reflect on some of the findings of the ILP’s National Lighting Survey. Let’s just say the debate was ‘robust’! I think it is definitely a good thing therefore that the survey and the questions it has thrown up about the profession, especially the local authority-facing profession, are set to be reflected upon in Uttoxeter as well.

I don’t, of course, expect any of us to come away with hard-and-fast solutions to what are complex and evolving challenges. But the opportunity events such as Lightscene offer to step back, reflect and take stock are, I would argue, becoming more, not less, important in the context of a fluid, evolving industry (and economic) landscape.

To that end, while I know it is always difficult to find the time, cover and budget to get out of the office to CPD events such as Lightscene or, next month, LuxLive or, in February, Light School, I would urge you, if you can, really to try and carve out the space to do so (and go to www.theilp.org.uk/events to register). The same goes for supporting and engaging with your local Lighting Delivery Centre as the ILP’s National CPD Curriculum beds in. Incidentally, the ILP will be playing a prominent role at both LuxLive and Light School and so do check out our previews of both events in this edition.

Education, CPD and upskilling – all on the agenda at Uttoxeter – are key ways in which lighting professionals and, indeed, non-technical staff within the industry can begin to ‘future proof’ themselves against a fast-changing world. As we also show in this edition, the role the ILP – and its new education committee – can play in terms of leading, shaping and responding to change through the delivery of education and CPD is a vital discussion within this.

I look forward to seeing you in Uttoxeter later this month to chew over at least some of these important issues.

Nic Paton Editor

© ILP 2019

The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

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ILP members receive Lighting Journal every month as part of their membership.

You can join the ILP online, through www.theilp.org.uk. Alternatively, to subscribe or order copies please email Diane Sterne at diane@theilp.org.uk. The ILP also provides a Lighting Journal subscription service to many libraries, universities, research establishments, non-governmental organisations, and local and national governments. www.theilp.org.uk

5

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Maintenance factors

6

The CIE has issued important new guidance on maintenance factors, which the ILP is now complementing with an updated maintenance factor guidance note. Nigel Parry looks at what has changed

By Nigel Parry

www.theilp.org.uk

A

nyone working within the exterior lighting community will, I appreciate, be all too familiar with the origin and application of maintenance factors. But to understand the CIE’s latest report on this area TS22102 – which is a combined publication with ISO – it is valuable go back and revisit some of the background and evolution of maintenance factors as a concept.

For lighting design, the overall maintenance factor for luminaires is derived from: the lamp lumen maintenance factor (LLMF) the lamp survival factor (LSF) the luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) For high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps the two key components were the lumen depreciation and the lamp mortality.

Both these factors were supplied by the lamp manufacturers directly (not the

luminaire manufacturers) and taken at face value. For example, a SON lamp is quoted as having 10,500 initial lumens and suffers a 20% depreciation after more than five years, directly linked to the lamp mortality rate, often 50%.

Designers would therefore use 0.80 as the LLMF. The LMF was then taken from the tables in the standards and guides. In the UK this table was updated and published by the Country Surveyors Society (CSS, now ADEPT) in the last decade and extended the period it covered up to six years and includes: the environment (dirt) aspect, mounting height and cleaning frequency.

Although not based on a very large sample of test units, it did update the figures from the old table which was out of date, as shown in figure 1 (opposite). Combining these values we get 0.80 x 0.94 = 0.75.

In truth, this calculation was a little too simplistic as it ignored the range of

October 2019 Lighting Journal

depreciation of any given lamp as it ages and was always estimating the mortality to align with lamp change programmes. But it was nevertheless universally adopted and not really questioned. It also relied on the designer understanding the lamp characteristics of different lamp types, but this knowledge was well understood in general.

THE ARRIVAL OF LED

When LEDs arrived on the lighting scene, the big problem from the perspective of maintenance factors was the lack of knowledge of this new product and claims of extraordinarily long life.

Some of the established lamp manufacturers were slow to respond and we found names such as Nichia and Samsung being quoted as reference for the LED performance. In the interior lighting sector, LED ‘lamps’ did not produce the same lifetime performance and initially suffered from early lumen droop. So, it was clear we needed to be a little cautious.

Our initial/early guidance was therefore risk adverse and proposed that LED luminaires needed to use different parameters to establish a meaningful maintenance factor for road lighting designs.

Thus, LLMF and LSF were replaced with Lx, By, Cy and Fy, which can be outlined as follows: Lx. Lumen depreciation for a set period or

MAINTENANCE FACTOR Environmental Zone

Mounting Height

Cleaning frequency 12 months

24 months

36 months

48 months

60 months

72 months

E1/E2

≤6m

0.96

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93

0.92

E1/E2

>6m

0.96

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93

0.92

E3/E4

≤6m

0.94

0.92

0.90

0.88

0.86

0.84

E3/E4

>6m

0.96

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93

0.92

Figure 1. p Updated luminance maintenance factors, as published by CCS

‘rated/useful life’ (50,000 or 100,000 hours).

By. The number of burning hours at which a given percentile of LED luminaires cannot meet the lumen maintenance factor x. Light output lower than the lumen maintenance factor x is called a parametric failure because the product produces less light but still operates. For example, ‘B10’ life is the age at which 10% of products have failed parametrically. The age at which 50% of the items parametrically fail, the ‘B50 life’, is the median useful life. This population includes operating LED luminaires only; non-

q Figure 2.

For LED luminaires the overall maintenance factor for lighting design, based on the useful life is:

For example, for the following parameters: • IP66 luminaire installed at 8m in environmental zone E3; • cleaning frequency 72 months • LED rated life 50,000 hours • using the values of x and y given above the overall maintenance factor would be:

operative products are excluded.

Cy. The abrupt light output degradation of a LED luminaire Cy (equivalent to a lamp failure) is when a failure of the LED module, driver or other component means there is no light output from the luminaire. It is not usual to include this element of light loss in the maintenance factor as it is assumed that any such failure is replaced.

Fy. The failure rate over the rated life is defined as the failure fraction (Fy) where y is the percentage of LEDs that will have failed at the end of rated life is the percentage of LEDs that will have failed at the end of rated life.

To allow comparison between manufacturers, the same useful life should be provided for each luminaire (50,000, 84,000, 100,000 hours).

A luminaire manufacturer declares values for useful life and maintenance factor at a specified ambient temperature. For example, L80B10 (50,000 hours) at 25°C indicates that, after an operating time of 50,000 hours in an www.theilp.org.uk

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Maintenance factors

8

ambient temperature of 25°C, 80% of the initial luminous flux will be emitted.

Using this example, the LED lumen maintenance factor is 0.8 at 50,000 hours.

The gradual loss of light is a specific characteristic of a luminaire and cannot be assumed from a knowledge of the performance of its components, as shown in figure 2 on the previous page.

However, this calculation has been largely ignored as did we really think we should over-design by +30% for nearly 20 years was a way forward to best utilise this new light source? This approach supported the use of Constant Light Output (CLO) as a way of appearing to deliver energy savings without huge depreciation values.

All of which brings me to…

A NEW APPROACH: BS PD ISO/CIE TS 22012:2019

This new document provides background information with respect to the principles of the maintenance factor and the relevant parameters for indoor and outdoor applications.

It also outlines a detailed way of working on how to apply the maintenance factor determination method (as described in CIE 154:2003 and CIE 097:2005) for outdoor and www.theilp.org.uk

indoor lighting designs using the technologies available in the market. Explanation and examples on how to apply the maintenance factor and how to ensure proper operation over time corresponding to the determined values are included as well.

In sum, it is the latest best practice guidance on the determination of maintenance factors and provides muchneeded clarity on the methods of calculation and I would recommended ILP members should it in detail for further guidance.

TS 22012 recognises the weaknesses of the guidance in BS EN 62717/62722 relating to the Lx By parameter and provides a slightly revised parameter for determining maintenance factors LxBy making it clear that the median useful life LxB50 should be used for determining maintenance.

It outlines that the maintenance factor fm is determined using the formula:

value is relevant for the luminous flux factor determination, the By element of ‘Lx,By’ is not taken into account in the fLF and consequently the fm determination (for example the luminous flux factor fLF=0,80_ after 50,000 hours for both tL80,B50 = 50,000 hours and t L80,B10 = 50,000 hours specifications).

Bear in mind that in some cases the depreciation values will be presented as ‘LxFy’ values.

The ‘LxFy’ is a (no longer in use) indication of lifetime. It not just accounts for depreciation but takes into account multiple maintenance factor parameters (namely luminous flux depreciation and survival factor). As such, this value is not appropriate for the determination of the maintenance factor as it does not allow for separation of the luminous flux factor, fLF, and the survival factor, fs.

ILP GUIDANCE NOTE

where:

In some cases the depreciation values will be presented as the median useful life, Lx, or the useful life ‘Lx,By’ value.

In both cases, only the x value of the Lx

Maintenance factors are applied to luminaire photometric data to ensure that at the end of scheme’s design life, in the worst-case scenario, the required lighting level is still maintained.

The maintenance factor applied for a luminaire should reflect how the light output reduces over time due to a variety of factors including lumen depreciation of the light source and the build-up of dirt on a luminaire.

BS 5489-1: 2013 Annex C has long provided the recommended method for calculating maintenance factors in the UK.

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Annex C defines parametric failure using LxBy as the lumen maintenance factor at the end of the test where a percentage, y, of the population tested fall below a percentage, x, of the initial luminous flux. Lx B50 defines the median useful life as the time taken for 50% of the population of LED modules of the same type to have fallen below the lumen maintenance defined by Lx. In this way, By can give an indication of the preciseness or spread of the distribution of lumen depreciation in LEDs over the test period. The methods set out in BS EN 62717 do not suggest L x B y represents the performance of the luminaire at the end of the scheme life and so the LxBy figures should not be used for calculated maintenance factors.

In cases where LED optical distributions are using ‘overlay’ optics and all LEDs in the module are lighting the same area, for example street lighting and area flood lighting, the use of Lx from IES TM-21 (based on median useful life) is sufficient and significantly simplifies the calculation of maintenance factors.

But do note: the validity of the prediction is limited to 6 x the test duration, and so any extrapolation from TM-21 graphs beyond that time should be treated as indicative rather than claimed performance.

To this end, the ILP is imminently set to publish a new guidance note on maintenance factors covering all these issues, as well as the new CIE report. The GN, Maintenance Factor Determination – and its impacts on the performance and overall efficiency of LED luminaires, is expected to be available to download during the autumn.

p Figure 4.

This (from an LM80 report) shows that when chips operate at 55°C or 85°C driven at 700mA, the depreciation will be minimal

In this context, CLO refers to the standalone feature based on known or predicted depreciation and does not include external input such as sensors. As such, it only applies to the luminous flux factor, fLF. Taken from TS22102, figure 3a (below) shows a representation of a standard product not using CLO, based on L80 =

CONSTANT LIGHT OUTPUT (CLO)

TS22012 refers to CLO as a special case and defines it as: luminaires utilising constant light output techniques, continually adjusting lantern power to maintain the luminous flux based on the known or predicted depreciation behaviour of the light source. This functionality needs to be captured in the determination of the luminous flux factor, fLF. The CLO feature is realised by initially dimming the light source to the predicted end-of-life luminous flux and steadily increasing the current (and as such the power consumption) over time to compensate for the depreciation in luminous flux due to ageing of the light source.

The increasing power consumption over time has an effect on the electrical design and energy calculations for the installation.

But it is also a factor when comparing different CLO and non-CLO luminaires.

p

Figure 3a. Standard, non-CLO luminaire behaviour (simplified)

p

Figure 3b. CLO luminaire behaviour (simplified)

50,000 hours (in other words 20% depreciation after 50,000 hours).

Both power and luminous flux are set to their maximum value (point A). Over time, power remains the same (line between point A and B) whereas the luminous flux for a luminaire without CLO depreciates to its end-of-life luminous flux (line between point A and C, 80% of luminous flux).

Figure 3b shows a representation of the same luminaire as on the left side but with CLO functionality. Both power and luminous flux start at 20% below their maximum output at 0 hours (based on standard operation where total luminous flux depreciation is 20% at the end of life – point D).

Over time, the luminous flux is kept constant (line between point D and F), by increasing the power (line between point D and E). Note that at the end of life, both the standard and the CLO product have the same power consumption (B versus E) and same luminous flux (C versus F).

Figure 3 illustrates the behaviour of a CLO luminaire during operation.

However, in practice, there are two ways CLO luminaires specifications are provided by manufacturers. Depending on which of the two options is used, the luminous flux factor, f LF , shall be determined differently. The current known options are: the standard (non-CLO) specifications are specified (in which case the CLO www.theilp.org.uk

9

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Maintenance factors

transparency for the industry. To conclude then, the ILP guidance recommends:

10

correction needs to be done in the maintenance factor using the luminous flux factor as specified below); and the corrected luminous flux is given (in which case no CLO correction is needed as this is already represented in the corrected luminous flux, fLF = 1,00).

HAS CLO HAD ITS DAY?

High lumen depreciation made the use of CLO with LEDs very popular. However, with improvements in LED performance and improved lantern control, has this become redundant and perhaps questionable?

An example of this is the high-power LED from OSRAM, a common LED chip supplier to the UK used by a number of leading manufacturers. The graph figure 4 (previous page) is taken from an LM80 report. It suggests that when the chips operate at 55°C or 85°C driven at 700mA, the depreciation will be minimal.

Well-engineered lanterns will achieve this temperature control, particularly in northern Europe. With less than 5% loss over 20+ years. Is CLO with its more www.theilp.org.uk

complex drivers therefore worth it?

In my view, the most reliable drivers are still the 1-10v type and experience shows that we have a large number installed that have had virtually zero failures over the last eight years (a single customer for example has had only had 10 faulty drivers out of 10,000 lanterns supplied, less than 0.001%), and is able to dim output minus the more complex digital interfaces.

WHAT THE INDUSTRY NEEDS TO DO

So, how to give the industry a level playing field and ensure the end users are able to make informed choices?

The ILP’s report suggests we all adopt a methodology, termed ‘overall efficiency’.

I believe the industry also needs to grow some teeth and establish an effective watchdog.

The details regarding overall efficiency in the document are too long to outline here, but they do suggest a clear way that luminaires can be compared in an equal way. I hope the industry will adopt this d o c u m e n t a n d p r ov i d e b ett e r

The methodology in BS PD ISO/CIE TS 22012: 2019 is the best practice approach for calculation of maintenance factors for LED luminaires The guidance in BS EN 62717 and BS EN 62722 is not suitable for the calculation of maintenance factors for any luminaires Lx By should not be specified for the performance over the rated life of a luminaire as the methods in BS EN 62717 and BS EN 62722 relate to the performance at the end of the test period not the end of the rated luminaire life The median (median useful life), Lx (Lx B50) shall be used for calculating maintenance factors A standard method is adopted for calculating the overall efficiency of the luminaire. This method outlines a testing a n d c a l c u l a t i o n m et h o d u s i n g standardised methods and co-ordinated operating parameters to ensure performance and overall efficiency claims for luminaires are reliable shall be used to compare all luminaires.

The ILP guidance note Maintenance Factor Determination – and its impacts on the performance and overall efficiency of LED luminaires will be available to download from www.theilp.org.uk Nigel Parry IEng, FILP, MSLL is principal at OrangeTek, CIE D4 editor and CIE UK treasurer Turn to page 26 for a further discussion about LED depreciation and ‘mortality’

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Photometry

PHOTOMETRIC

q Lawrence Baynham pictured during mounting and set-up of AIR2 goniophotometer testing (right)

FINISH

12

The quality and accuracy of photometric data is a critical element of designing any street lighting installation.

Manufacturers’ data will normally be presented in one of two formats: absolute or relative. But which is the best to use and what is the difference between the two?

Here one manufacturer guides you through

by Lawrence Baynham and Toby Penter

W

hen designing for a street lighting installation, the quality and accuracy of photometric data is of paramount importance. You’re probably aware that manufacturers’ data can be presented in two formats: absolute photometry and relative photometry.

But which format should you use? Is one more accurate than the other? The quick answer is no, they both give the same results. This article looks at the two approaches in more detail to understand why this is the case.

RELATIVE PHOTOMETRY

Relative photometry is based on breaking down the elements, splitting out the measurement of a light source (or ‘lamp’) in isolation and then a measurement of the whole luminaire output. From this, the light output ratio (LOR), or optical effi-

www.theilp.org.uk

ciency of the luminaire, is calculated.

Relative photometry files are presented showing the lumen output of the ‘lamp’ as well as the output of the luminaire.

This has been proven to work particularly well for lamp technology, where a lamp is tested alone before being placed into its housing and tested separately in a goniophotometer to determine the losses from reflectors and covers and so on.

In other words, once the luminaire distribution and lamp output are known, it is straightforward to understand the effect of increasing or decreasing lamp output on luminaire output.

This feature is still displayed within photometry software, where the user can see the ‘lamp lumens’ of a source (without optical losses) and then the ‘luminaire lumens’ – lumen output after optical losses.

For example, at INDO we use a gonio-

photometer to measure lamp lumens (in other words module output minus the lens) and whole luminaire output very accurately, as the images here show.

ABSOLUTE PHOTOMETRY

In contrast to relative photometry, absolute photometry can be thought of as the luminaire, the whole luminaire and nothing but the luminaire!

Absolute photometry is a technique that simply measures a complete luminaire to provide results for that exact configuration.

Absolute photometry provides the specific lumen output of a specific luminaire – as measured each time by the goniophotometer.

Lumen output relates only to the luminaire being tested, since there is no concept of lamp lumens and luminaire lumens. LOR is always equal to 100% in absolute photometry files.

October 2019 Lighting Journal

this is the output of the luminaire. In a relative file, lamp lumens are shown with the efficiency factor automatically applied for calculations.

A KEY PRINCIPLE

EFFECT ON LIGHTING DESIGN

So, how does this difference in file format affect lighting design?

Actually, it won’t affect design at all.

Why? Because when using either absolute or relative files, luminaire efficiency is automatically accounted for.

With absolute files, only one lumen output is stated and, since LOR = 100%,

A key principle that must hold for relative photometry to be valid is that scaling of lamp lumen output must occur without having an effect on lamp photometric distribution.

For LED luminaires this is indeed the case where the output is increased by increasing the LED current. But this is not the case where increased output is achieved by adding more LEDs. In that case, a new round of photometric testing is required.

On that basis, design software treats absolute and relative measure-

ments of the same luminaire identically in terms of distribution, lumen output, and power consumption. This means that, whether you’re using absolute or relative photometry, the results will be identical – as shown in figure 1 below.

WHAT DO THE STANDARDS SAY?

What do the standards say about different measurement techniques? IES LM-79-08 requires the absolute method as the standard testing methodology. However, IES LM-80-08 and IES LM-82-12 both use the relative method.

IES TM-21-11 also takes the relative format data from LM-80 and extrapolates it to calculate luminaire life. Luminaires should therefore be photometrically tested to LM-79. But other standards require alternate testing.

CONCLUSION q Figure 1. Screen-grabs showing how design software treats absolute and relative measurements of the same luminaire identically in terms of distribution, lumen output, and power consumption

Some may suggest not only that the absolute method ought to be used for measuring luminaires, but also that the same luminaire running at a lower wattage requires a separate absolute test.

However, we’d argue that, if the number and placement of LEDs is not changing, the photometric distribution doesn’t change.

In this case, relative photometry is the more cost-effective, easier-to-use format, not least because it allows quick scaling during lighting designs.

In the context of dimming, when LEDs are dimmed down, it is only necessary to consider reduced lumen output in the lighting design. If different absolute photometry files are provided for various output levels of the same luminaire, the suggestion is that a designer would need to load a new photometric distribution every time a dimming regime is considered.

This again creates unnecessary additional workload and cost, and that simply doesn’t make sense.

In summary, understanding photometric data, first and foremost, requires communication with manufacturers – finding out what kind of photometry is being provided, how it has been tested, and why it was tested in that way.

Some may say one format is more beneficial than the other and should be used in isolation. However, as it is easy to see, the truth need not be so absolute!

Lawrence Baynham is technical director and Toby Penter is business development assistant at INDO Lighting www.theilp.org.uk

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Passive safety

The European Union’s EN 12767 standard for road and passive safety is being adjusted, and the changes being introduced may affect your choice of poles

By Bas van Boxtel

14

T

here are many developments going on all the time in the area of crashproof poles. Passive safety is a complex subject and ideas and insights in this area are constantly evolving.

This is why it is important to be aware that EN 12767, the European standard for passive safety, is being adjusted.

The adjustment in EN 12767 was expected to be published during 2019, although the latest update is that the revised norm will now be published in January next year and should be used from April 2020. What is important to recognise, however, as a lighting professional is that these revisions are going to affect the notation of the required performance class for highway safety equipment, such as poles and signposts.

REVISED STANDARD

Passive safe classification in the current standard comprises a combination of impact speed, energy absorption level and occupant safety level, for example 100, HE,3.

The new passive safe classifications in the revised standard, in addition to those, will include codes for: Backfill type of foundation for the poles www.theilp.org.uk

Collapse mode of the poles Directional sensitivity (or the angle at which a crash-friendly pole can be hit) Dent sensitivity of the roof of the car These properties are in the current norm, described in additional text to the existing specification.

After publication and harmonisation of the EN 12767 the passive safe classifications will look different. An example: 100, HE, C, S, NS, MD, 0. These changes are explained in figure 1 (opposite).

ADJUSTMENT IN OCCUPANT SAFETY LEVEL

The revised standard also includes an adjustment to occupant safety level, where the passive safety classes for occupants will change from a rating system using numbers (1 to 4) to one that uses letters (A to E).

In the current norm, the boundary values for occupant safety (Acceleration Severity Index-ASI and Theoretical Head Impact Velocity-THIV limits) for NE,2 and HE,3 are the same, even though the numbers do not match. Bear in mind, this is confusing!

Consequently, the revision will clarify the distinctions in occupant safety levels.

In the new approach, the passive safety

class for the occupants will be disconnected from the energy absorption level. NE,2 will therefore become NE,C and HE,3 will become HE,C. The best occupant safety level is A.

BACKFILL TYPE OF FOUNDATION

This new performance class adds the types S (soil), R (rigid) and X (other).

Foundation type has a great influence on the performance of a pole, and it must correspond with the practical situation in which the pole is placed.

While the S and R types are defined within the standard, type X is not. This is because X can differ per manufacturer and will therefore never be the same.

Therefore, X is not comparable with the X of another product, while S and R are.

COLLAPSE MODE

The revised standard includes two collapse modes: SE (Separation) and NS (No Separation).

Collapse mode has been added to indicate how the pole behaves in the event of a collision. In some cases, breakage of the pole is necessary to achieve the correct passive safety class. In other situations, flying objects are not

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Normally, the higher the energy absorption of the pole, the more the risk of roof indentation.

NOT ALL PROPERTIES NEED SPECIFICATION

acceptable. The right choice depends on the local situation.

DIRECTIONAL SENSITIVITY

The new EN 12767 standard will affect the notation of the required performance class for highway safety equipment, such as (below) poles and signposts

Directional sensitivity has been introduced to indicates the angle at which a crashfriendly pole can be hit. The new standard describes three different options: SD (Single directional), BD (Bi-directional) and MD (Multi-directional).

SD poles can only be safely hit from one direction of 20º. BD poles also perform for traffic coming from the opposite direction (20º and 160º). MD poles are not sensitive to the impact angle and can be hit from all driving directions.

As such, the MD classification is the safest choice, but not always available. Directiondependency is caused mainly by systems within the pole, like shear-off systems.

Not all performance properties are mandatory. This depends on the applicant.

In some cases, the properties in a category may have no interest or impact on a project.

For example, if specifiers are satisfied with backfill of either S, R or X , they can put ‘NR’ for that property. Here are two other examples, comparing today’s standard with the one forthcoming: Current 100,HE,3 = New 100,HE,C,NR. (the NR here means that all added properties can be anything).

Current 100,NE,3 = New 100,NE,B,S, NR,MD,0 (the NR here means that the collapse mode is allowed to be anything).

OTHER CONSEQUENCES WITH REVISED STANDARD EN 12767

Do all crash tests have to be performed again? No. The data that is needed to be able to divide a pole into the new passive safe classes are usually available, unless the crash test is very dated.

The data were measured and analysed during the crash tests and recorded in reports, videos and photos.

Bas van Boxtel is technical manager – pole products at Hydro

ROOF INDENTATION

A collision with a pole can result in the formation of a dent in the roof of the vehicle with risks for the occupant(s).

The new standard divides dent sensitivity into class 0 (not sensitive to dents) and class 1 (sensitive to dents). The limit is set to 102mm (four inches), in accordance with the American standard for passive safety in which dents above four inches are not even accepted/ classified.

The safest class is obviously class 0. But in combination with other crash-proof properties, this is not always feasible.

NEED TO KNOW MORE

Do you have questions about the new revision of the EN 12767? If so, we at Hydro would be very happy to help.

We are represented in the WG10, the working group that deals with the EN 12767, and therefore closely involved with the standard.

You can contact us on: info.poleproducts.nl@hydro.com or go to our website: www.hydro.com/poles Figure 1. q How the various passive safe classifications will be adjusted under the new adjusted EN 12767 standard

WHAT THE ILP IS DOING

The ILP is currently working on a revised version of its technical report on passive safety TR26. Although work on this is ongoing, an updated version is likely to published next year (2020). Keep an eye out online, at www.theilp.org.uk/resources/ for more details.

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15

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Electric vehicles and EV charging

ELECTR C AVENUES The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) on our roads was a key theme of this year’s ILP Professional Lighting Summit, with three linked presentations taking place.

Over the next three editions – starting with the talk by Nick Ebsworth from Siemens – we’ll look at what was discussed and what this evolution may mean for EV charging, electrical capacity and lighting column-based charging points

By Nic Paton

16

W

e may think of electric vehicles (EVs) as the future for our roads (possibly in time alongside autonomous vehicles) but as Nick Ebsworth, technical lead for EVs at Siemens, pointed out at June’s ILP Professional Lighting Summit, electric vehicles have actually been around for a lot longer than most of us realise, with the first EV appearing in 1834 and EVs holding the land speed record until 1900.

‘Basically, we had steam, we had electric and only later did we have the internal combustion engine. And the world’s first speeding ticket was for an electric car driver. Even Henry Ford thought it was wise to buy an electric car for his wife Clara,’ he explained.

‘Back in 1908 there were 38,000 electric cars, powered by lead acid batteries. They had terrible performance and terrible www.theilp.org.uk

range, but at the time they were still the better option for many in terms of powering vehicles. And I remember getting woken up regularly as a school kid by the electric milk float winding its way past our house, and I think that some of them are still in use,’ he added.

Nick’s talk in Newcastle upon Tyne was one of three linked presentations outlining to ILP members some of the opportunities – and challenges – for lighting professionals of the growing numbers of EVs on our roads and, in particular, the role that street lighting may play in terms of providing some of the future charging infrastructure to support this transition.

In the November/December edition, we will examine some of the funding options available for EV charging infrastructure projects, as outlined by Josey Wardle, infrastructure manager at Zero Carbon

Futures. And then in the new year, in the January 2020 edition, we will look at the EV infrastructure and electrical considerations outlined by Allan Howard of WSP in his presentation.

But, first, Nick set the scene by explaining how ‘electromobility’ is contributing to a cleaner, healthier, quieter and more sustainable urban environment but also the potential challenges this may pose over time from the perspective of EV charging.

Nick emphasised that EVs should not be thought of as a panacea for tackling car emissions and climate change. ‘It has to be part of a blended attack. And that includes effective air quality controls on the street, our ability to detect air pollution and the environment for pedestrians. These are all designed to make our transportation easier, smoother and with fewer emissions as a result.’

October 2019 Lighting Journal

17

p An electric black cab charging on a street in London.

The market for electric vehicles is growing, which will in turn feed into increased demand for EV charging points

Nevertheless, the technological advances being made by EV manufacturers – especially around range and battery life – are coming thick and fast, and therefore making EVs an evermore attractive option.

Nick cantered through the different types of EV currently available on the market, from battery EVs through to plug-in electric hybrids, through to extended-range EVs and finally fuel cell EVs. ‘Range anxiety is the thing that people used to worry about. And rightly so. And we now see many vehicles with a range of more than 200 miles. Tesla still currently holds the award for the furthest range of battery. But a lot of companies are coming out now with vehicles with a 200-mile range on the battery, and that really makes for useable vehicles, if expensive,’ he highlighted.

GROWTH OF EVS

The growth of EVs and their uptake has been phenomenal, he argued. ‘What we’re seeing is that every year the OPEC forecasts for take-up are being exceeded, which is good news. Having said that, the 2040 total forecast of two billion has actually dropped by 537 million over the last two years.

‘And the reason for that is because they believe that we are going to move towards

‘WHEN IT COMES TO CHARGING, TRADITIONAL RETAILERS ARE UNDER A LOT OF PRESSURE TO PROVIDE EV CHARGERS

a society that views car ownership as a thing of the past, and we will be looking at transport as a service, where people don’t own cars; they will simply dial up an autonomous vehicle that will arrive at their house. They will jump in and it will take them where they want to go. And that will be a battery vehicle. But people will no longer see car ownership as a right, as an essential requirement. Access to transportation will be the essential requirement. So that may reduce the number of vehicles on the road,’ he said.

In the UK the market for ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs) was also strong and growing. But there are still some market and perception barriers, he highlighted.

‘A lot of the manufacturers have currently withdrawn their plug-in hybrids or their battery elective vehicles. A lot of the manufacturers are now protecting their diesel sales, because they are a higher value, higher margin, product and they limiting the choice to the customer. They are not giving training to their dealerships and they are price steering-customers more towards diesel and petrol models. www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Electric vehicles and EV charging

18

That will change over time, but at the moment it is all a bit frustrating if you are trying to buy an EV,’ he said.

When it came to charging, the concern remains how, as the market and demand grows, the National Grid is going to cope.

‘When it comes to charging, traditional retailers are under a lot of pressure to provide EV chargers. But 80% of charging however is going to take place at home,’ Nick said.

‘That is going to put a considerable amount of stress on the Grid and on the distribution network. The chargers that are put in at home are basically plug-in and charge. This means they plug-in and charge as soon as people get home, and that is usually at the peak time, which is going to cause a lot of problems.

‘So we need to transition towards smart chargers, chargers that are aware of what is going on in the Grid and can charge the car at times of spare capacity, not at peak times,’ Nick emphasised.

‘If you want to charge your car, there are 20,000 UK charge points. As of 2019, charge points are at 96% of our motorway services. Tesla particularly is doing a massive push into motorway services. Its chargers currently only charge its vehicles.

‘However, it is changing that and it is going to be starting to support the European CCS Standard, and retrofit all its chargers at motorway services with the CCS standard for charging cars, and it is going to issue its Tesla with an adaptor so that they can connect to CCS DC chargers,’ he added.

CHARGING OPTIONS AND CHARGER TYPES

Nick then outlined the various different charging options, charger types (wall and pole mounted) and sockets available, including the ins and outs of AC versus DC charging and the likely role of highpower chargers.

As he outlined: ‘We’ve now got the ultra-rapid chargers with a higher voltage capable of much higher power. Typically, they have got a kiosk which is the part that you stand in front of and power units behind that are hidden out of the way. And these things will deliver 350KW of power.

And there are specialist chargers for buses that require a higher voltage than cars. And are expected to run continuously overnight.

‘We’ve EV HGVs coming on to the market, and how do you charge these on the go? Various things have been talked about. One is putting ducted charging in www.theilp.org.uk

p A wall-mounted EV charging point. There are nowadays various different charging options, charger types (wall and pole mounted) and sockets available

the road surface, although that is an extremely expensive way of doing it.

Another is using catenaries for the buses to pick up power on the go, that is being trialled in the Nordic countries. And reverse pantographs. This is where, when the bus stops, the pantograph comes down from the overhead gantry, guides on to the bus and provides the bus with 100-200 up to 400KW of power for the two to three minutes that the bus is waiting,’ he said.

Payment methods are also changing, with contactless payment becoming a more commonplace option rather than having to pay through an app. How charging points were maintained and kept secure was another important consideration if the market is to grow and be sustained, he highlighted.

‘We hear a lot of complaints from users: “I turned up at the site, it’s your charger and it’s not working”. You’re right it’s not working, and that’s because we have not been given the maintenance contract and, as a result, the charger has not been maintained, and as a result the charger

has stopped working. Maintenance is probably one of the most important things to consider when you have an EV infrastructure,’ he said.

Siemens, he highlighted, had a team of 350 fully trained field service engineers in UK, along with test kits and spares in 18 depots. ‘If you have a charging infrastructure, and you are putting chargers into lampposts, we will maintain those chargers for you,’ Nick concluded.

Look out in the November/December edition for a review of Josey Wardle’s presentation on the various funding streams and opportunities available for EV infrastructure projects

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Smart cities

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE

20

The opportunity of smart cities is well-recognised within the lighting industry. But how is smart technology viewed by non-lighting local government officers and councillors?

What are their priorities, what is their thinking? A recent debate attempted to find out

By Nic Paton

L

ighting professionals know full well that connected, ‘smart’ cities are potentially a massive commercial and reputational opportunity for lighting as an industry. But how do local government professionals – the people who tend, after all, to hold the purse strings to enable this sort of ‘place shaping’ – view the drive towards connected urban infrastructure? What are their priorities and where do local government officers see the opportunities and barriers in this ongoing debate?

I was fortunate earlier this year to attend a debate on just this area run by the local government website www.lgcplus. com and technology firm Pulse Smart Hub. What was interesting about it from a lighting perspective was the insight it gave into how non-lighting local government experts are thinking about the ‘smart’ agenda and where, in turn, their

www.theilp.org.uk

decision-making may therefore be focused in the future.

What was clear from the discussion, of which what follows is just a snapshot, is that, while local government officers do recognise the potential of smart connectivity to transform our cities, streets and highways, they are also thinking about it in terms of how it could help tackle some of their biggest headaches, for example meeting public health priorities or the cost of adult social care as our population ages.

At the same time, there are concerns about ‘pilot-itis’ – or the fact that so much of the drive towards ‘smart’ seems to be coming from small, disparate pilot projects. Too often there seems to be little in the way of an overarching, joined-up vision of how this sort of technology is going to make a smart city – and who needs to lead that.

COMMUNITY COHESION

As Theo Blackwell, chief digital officer at the Greater London Authority, explained, the authority had done something of a ‘pivot’ in recent years from thinking about smart cities purely in terms of technology to how this agenda can be linked to wider digital innovation across the capital.

‘The big challenge for everyone, whether you’re a borough or a strategic authority, is that London’s population will be growing to 10.8 million over the next 20 years. So that will bring pressures on public services, and technology or, fundamentally, data will be the way in which we help to solve that,’ he said.

‘A large issue for us is around cohesion and bringing different communities together,’ agreed Tom Hook, director of policy and participation at London Borough of Barking and Dagenham.

‘We have a hugely diverse and changing

October 2019 Lighting Journal

21

www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Smart cities

22

population, and a vast proportion of under-16s. For us, there is a huge case for different solutions to bring those diverse communities together.’

The role of smart technology (often lighting column-based) in monitoring congestion, traffic flows and air pollution was recognised by Philip Broadhead, councillor in charge of local government reorganisation and economic growth at Bournemouth City Council, one of the fastestgrowing city regions in the UK. It was simply about ‘trying to harness the new technology to make everything better’, he said.

Jenny Nelson, Digital Newca st l e pr o gr a m me manager at Newcastle City Council, agreed that the smart city ‘conversation’ for local authorities needed to be firmly focused on the improved outcome trying to be achieved by a council r a t h e r t h a n j u st t h e technology itself.

‘It needs to be about “how do we become more efficient and more effective in the way that we deliver services?”.

We are very much not taking this from a technology-first perspective; we want to take this from a needs-first perspective and then think about how the technology can support that,’ she emphasised.

The need for more joined-up thinking was also key for Andy Ralphs, strategic director for customer and corporate services at Plymouth City Council. ‘We have started to think about what we need to address and what communities and our industries in Plymouth are asking us for.’ He added that it was about ‘how we use data more strategically; how we get it out of the sausage machine and make more sense of it.’

ACHIEVING SIGN-OFF

Getting funding for smart city investment signed off meant achieving buy-in from the top, argued Theo Blackwell. ‘The basis of the smart city, I think, is good connectivity; for you to enable citizens to do stuff, not for you just to get a platform but for you to do things. You need senior leadership to say, “this is important for my area”. Smart cities are a process rather www.theilp.org.uk

WE ARE VERY MUCH NOT TAKING THIS FROM A TECHNOLOGY-FIRST PERSPECTIVE; WE WANT TO TAKE THIS FROM A NEEDS-FIRST PERSPECTIVE AND THEN THINK ABOUT HOW THE TECHNOLOGY CAN SUPPORT THAT

than a thing. I don’t think there is a destination; it is about your abilities as a city or a municipal area to be more open to innovation.’

‘I agree,’ said Dick Sorabji, corporate director, policy and public affairs at London Councils. ‘It is about the soil not the seed; the actions one takes to lower the barriers to innovation. The more one can create common approaches and systems, the more chance there is of there being real scale in how one moves data.

The more one can then get data out, the more chance people whose business is thinking up clever apps will think up clever apps that we actually want.’

Another challenge for local authority officers was simply how to keep abreast of the different smart city technologies and products coming through, argued Philip Broadhead. ‘For instance, we have a welladvanced programme of fibre optics, and you start to have to make strategic investment decisions, particularly as a local authority, on how do you do that? Do you work in collaboration with outside

October 2019 Lighting Journal

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Smart cities

individual, you are more spotting patterns and movements and numbers. And that is really good for regeneration projects, transport and things like that. So that is a new element in this mix that we need to think about, with its own characteristics,’ agreed Theo Blackwell.

PREDICTIONS FOR THE FUTURE

24

The discussion ended with the panellists being asked to predict what, for them, smart cities of the future would look like in five or ten years’ time.

‘I would like to think we won’t be using the term “smart city”, because it will actually just be the way we live our lives,’ said Newcastle’s Jenny Nelson.

‘For me, the idea is we won’t talk about smart tech, we will talk about the actual difference it is p As well as connecting urban spaces, smart cities could help to lower hospital waiting times and improve care in the home and home having on people’s lives.’ security, the panel of local authority decision-makers argued ‘For me, it is about efficiencies with the use of data and hopefully partners? Do you just facilitate it?’ he asked. from people about how we use it.’ improving services to local authorities.

The arrival of 5G – with lighting He added: ‘One of the things we have That is the end-game at the end of the day columns again set to be a key enabler – struggled with is that, in a normal world isn’t it?’ suggested Southwark’s Davina Fell. was a good case in point. Was there any with any other commodity, you’d use it ‘At a national level you have this political point, for example, in local authorities and trade it. Yet data is one of those things paralysis and have done for a while; where investing in smart technologies if 5G you shouldn’t be selling, particularly as a innovation and creativity is happening is was just around the corner and local authority. There needs to be a at a local level,’ argued Barking and everything would get superseded? But, at national decision on “here’s what local Dagenham’s Tom Hook. It was, he added, the same time, isn’t there always going to authorities can and should do with data”. all about ‘responding to different needs in be a danger of that happening and so when We have got terabytes sat there; really different places and asking people to feed do you draw a line in the sand and say, ‘let’s useful information that everyone is so off each other. Is some of that inefficient go for it?’. nervous about using for anything good, it and duplicative? Yes. But it is hugely As Philip Broadhead highlighted: ‘It is is an absolute complete waste.’ positive at the same time.’ very difficult from a local authority point ‘There is also a lack of data skills in local ‘There are incredible things that can of view to pick a horse. But if you don’t do authorities,’ said Davina Fell, digital happen – if we get that infrastructure anything then you are paralysed.’ infrastructure programme manager at the right,’ emphasised London Councils’ London Borough of Southwark. ‘We can’t Dick Sorabji.

DATA-GATHERING ROLE rely on particular departments identifying ‘Dramatic drops in hospital waiting Another challenge, given the datathe quality or the worth of that data. So there times to all sorts of things about care and gathering potential of most smart is something that needs to be done in local home security and so on – if we get that technologies, was the data-collecting role authorities in that respect. soil right. It is a social and legal and and responsibility local authorities were ‘We need to be thinking about smart creativity infrastructure isn’t it? It is now gaining in this context. cities and sensors and ways in which we having organisations that are good at Philip Broadhead, for example, pointed can collect that data. But first of all we being able to share their data because we out that local authorities are now ‘probably need to ascertain exactly what data has have the right systems – but also because the biggest harvester of data that there is. value for us,’ she added. we are good at why we are sharing the Yet there is still a perception of nervousness ‘You are not really tracking the data, what we are going to do with it.’ www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

LED technology

26

Because LED luminaires do not ‘blow’ like traditional lamps, with their light output simply depreciating over time, it is imperative lighting professionals clearly explain to clients the complexities of LED ‘mortality’ so as to ensure they are making the right choices for their lighting scheme

By Ben Sutton

T

here is no question over the benefits of LED lighting: improved photometry; increased efficiency; less upward light; reduced maintenance and longer lifespans.

But as lighting technology becomes more capable, it needs to deliver the right balance for local environments, as well as people and organisations that are not always well-versed in lighting terminology and therefore may struggle to ensure their lighting scheme is operating to deliver maximum value. www.theilp.org.uk

UNDERSTANDING LED ‘MORTALITY’

Take luminaire lifespans: when halogen, metal halide and sodium high-intensity discharge lamps were commonplace, we used ‘lamp life’ to measure the product lifecycle. But now what do we use?

LED luminaires do not go ‘bang’ as a traditional lamp might; light output simply depreciates over time (excluding driver failures and the use of a CMS).

While many people in the lighting industry will of course be aware of this, for those who are not we use two main

milestones to measure the mortality of LEDs: 50,000 hours and 100,000 hours.

Burning for an average of 12 hours a day, seven days a week, that is 11.5 and 23 years respectively – meaning the choice of lantern is critical to the effectiveness of a lighting network for decades to come.

To make it easier for people to understand luminaire performance over time, lighting manufacturers now refer to the L and B values of a lantern.

The L value indicates the percentage output of a luminaire compared to its

October 2019 Lighting Journal

LED FEATURES

q Figure 1. Graph showing light output performance of LED luminaires across stated lifespan

MORTALITY

L90

L80

L70

% of Initial Luminous Flux

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

No. of hours

original light output, after the specified hours. The B value refers to the tolerance associated with the L value across the luminaire’s lifespan.

A good quality functional luminaire may have a stated lifespan of 100,000 hours and values of L90 and B10. L90 indicates the lantern’s output will still be at least 90% of its initial output after 100,000 hours. B10 signifies how many luminaires will still be within tolerance (in other words, only 10% of luminaires will give a luminous output less than quoted).

Figure 1 above highlights the performance difference between luminaires rated to L90, L80 and L70 over 100,000 hours (23 years).

While there is only a 20% difference between L90 and L70, at 150,000 hours (34.5 years) the output of the L70 luminaire will have dropped to 50% of its original, compared to 80% for the L90. This can prove a crucial value in ensuring the longevity of any lighting scheme.

POOR LIGHTING IN URBAN SPACES

How often do you walk through a park or town square and see poor lighting or luminaires that are not working properly?

How does it make you feel? The difference between B10 and B50 is more than just a number – it can have a huge impact on the quality of a scheme over time, especially decorative lighting where the impact is often felt sooner and is far more noticeable to the general public.

It is too easy for a park to become tired and desolate, with poor lighting often contributing significantly to how it is used.

Broken luminaires lead to no lighting at

all, which can deter people from using the space and attract anti-social activity.

Understanding L and B values enables customers from all industries – including architects, urban planners and design consultants, who play a huge role in shaping our public spaces – to compare lighting products and specify those which meet the specific optical performance, maintenance requirements and design vision of their scheme.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT CCT

Britain’s widespread LED regeneration has made our lighting networks more energy-efficient and easier to maintain.

However, there has long been a contentious debate around correlated colour temperature (CCT) and its impact on people and wildlife – making it an important topic to discuss with those new to the industry.

LEDs are (of course) available in a wide range of colour temperatures from warm through neutral to cool light, with the cooler sources having higher blue light content, as figure 3 highlights on the next page.

When LEDs were first launched energy-reduction was a primary driver for new installations – especially for local authorities under public sector financial pressures.

This led to an initial high uptake of cool white sources (>4000k), as these provided a greater energy saving than warm and neutral sources (3,500k<).

There has been much made in the media of the purported ‘risk’ posed by over-exposure of blue light – which research has shown to suppress the production of melatonin, the hormone that controls sleep.

The latest medical research suggests poor sleep routines can negatively affect the immune system (on both cellular and genetic levels) and reduce the ability of the brain to take in new ideas and work effectively.

BLUE LIGHT DEBATE

As humans we all have circadian rhythms; the 24-hour physiological cycle that governs our sleep/wake patterns and hormone releases, amongst other things. The surrounding environment, and its levels of light and dark, plays a key role in healthy sleeping patterns which are vital in restoring brain function and energy levels.

Blue light operates at a wavelength of between 400-490 nanometers (nm) and the main source of blue light is the sun – in other words daylight. However, it is now also found in artificial light sources used in mobile phones and consumer electronics, car headlights, and torches. Over-exposure to blue light sources can not only effect sleep but, in extreme cases, also cause physical damage to the retina in the eye.

What many of the media reports have failed to recognise is that, while excessive light exposure can affect sleep and vision, these effects are ultimately dependent on dosage and proximity. For example, two seconds of direct sunlight can cause lasting eye damage, however you would need to stare at your phone screen on full brightness for 243 days before exceeding safety limits.

q Figure 2. While there is only a 20% difference between L90 and L70 at 150,000 hours (34.5 years), this graphic highlights the mortality rates of LED luminaires with differing B values. The white dot indicates the percentage of luminaires with failing luminous output after 100,000-hour lifespan

LED FEATURES MORTALITY

B10 @ 100,000h

B50 @ 100,000h

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

LED technology

COLOUR TEMPERATURE

q Figure 3. Kelvin (k) Scale measures the colour temperature of light sources

KELVIN SCALE

28

The same principle applies to lighting. LED technology has much greater control over light distribution, meaning light is only used where needed – reducing glare and spill, and the amount of light people are exposed to.

Motorway lighting, for instance, may require a cooler colour temperature. But drivers do not directly stare at luminaires while driving and they are a long distance away, resulting in no risk to eye health. However, how close do people sit and stare directly at television and smartphone screens?

John O’Hagan, senior scientific group leader at Public Health England (PHE) has argued how there is no risk of eye damage from LED street lighting, as this type of lighting is installed with LEDs recessed or with an appropriate balance of blue light [1].

The ILP’s guidance note 5/17 Guidance Note on Using LEDs has also emphasised that, because street lighting has a thin film applied directly to the LED chip there is ‘no evidence’ to support any human photobiological ‘disbenefits’ [2].

The GN also states that: ‘the choice of colour temperature needs to be made based on the task application’ [3]. At Urbis Schréder, for example, when working alongside partners on new lighting schemes, we examine the best CCT for the project and advise on the most effective lighting solutions to achieve the perfect balance between this and the overall design vision.

We all must acknowledge that for, some local authorities and private organisations, the difference between choosing 3000K or 4000K LED sources and their respective efficiencies can make a huge difference to the economic viability of a project.

Many towns and cities are now implementing exterior lighting schemes in densely populated areas with a CCT of 3000K or less. While not as energy-efficient, installations with a lower CCT emit www.theilp.org.uk

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less short-wave blue light and therefore feel ‘warmer’ and are more pleasant to spend time near, as shown in figure 4 (below) With many local high streets struggling to attract footfall, lighting is increasingly being used as a tool to celebrate local culture, improve public safety and put on dynamic light shows. Choosing the right luminaire and the correct colour temperature enables the creation of vibrant, welcoming public spaces for us all to enjoy.

Having worked in lighting for more than a century, at Urbis Schréder we want to empower more people in supporting industries to make the right decisions for their schemes.

Understanding the important terminology and the effect products can have is a positive step to improve the lighting sector as a whole – so we can all enjoy a brighter future.

Ben Sutton is marketing manager at Urbis Schréder

REFERENCES The information in this article was taken from two Urbis Schréder CPD documents – one for CIBSE on ‘Lighting Terminology’ and another for the ILP on the impact of blue light.

The figure 4 image is from: http://neiloseman.com/colour-rendering-index/ [1] ‘PHE moves to quell LED street light fears’, Optometry Today, April 2018, https://www.aop.org.uk/ot/ science-and-vision/research/2018/04/07/ phe-moves-to-quell-led-streetlight-fears [2] LED street lighting and public health, Local Gov, July 2018, https://www.localgov.co.uk/ LED-street-lighting-and-public-health/45627 [3] Guidance Note 5 (July 2017) Using LEDs, The ILP, https://www.theilp.org.uk/documents/ guidance-note-5-using-leds/

q Figure 4. Colour Rendering Index graphs comparing various light sources. You can clearly see the spectral differences between cool white LED and warm white LED, as well as the fact daylight is our main source of blue light

October 2019 Lighting Journal

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Education and CPD

LEARNING

FOR LIFE

The ILP has reformed and reconstituted its education committee, with an ambitious remit to totally overhaul how training and CPD is delivered, both to members but also externally. Nic Paton spoke to VP–Education Kimberly Bartlett to find out what is happening

By Nic Paton

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‘W

e’ve got a group of people who are extremely passionate and have a really good idea about what it is they want to create. They’ve got a lot of really interesting ideas and lot of fantastic plans for the future, for themselves and for the Institution.’

So says Kimberly Bartlett, ILP Vice President – Education, about the ILP’s newly reconstituted education committee, which has been a key step in her remit of revisiting and reforming the ILP’s education offer.

The ILP has in the past had an education committee, but it had fallen into abeyance.

And the new 11-strong committee (and its members are introduced overleaf ) has, as Kimberly explains, big ambitions in terms of reshaping how education is delivered by the ILP. ‘We have a huge remit. But our main raison d’etre is “education for all”. We want to make the education offering of the ILP completely accessible, as much as we can, hopefully 24/7 to the membership and hopefully to people outside of the membership to allow the profession to grow and become the full competency that it needs to be,’ she explains.

‘We will be creating the training that goes alongside the new National CPD www.theilp.org.uk

Curriculum. It will be about giving our membership and paying customers the ability to engage with new documents, guidance notes and publications and understand them more clearly at the point of launch.

‘Our plan is we can have all of the training, guidance notes, materials and all of our online presence available ready to launch when any new documents or guidance are released. That, at least, is the plan!’ she adds.

The committee will meet physically but also (and appropriately, given its focus on online training) will work virtually through software such as Skype or GoToMeeting.

‘At the moment the committee is doing research and testing on various learning platforms, which we are intending to send to the board at Christmas. The idea is that we can have an online repository training and sessions people can go to and learn from any point, including bite-sized, “snap” videos,’ Kimberly explains.

‘Another priority is to make sure everything we do is completely accessible to everyone, and so we are looking for people to help us with this, so everything we do is as accessible as possible.’

As well as the committee, Kimberly emphasises she wants members to get involved and feed into the sort of educa-

t i o n a n d C P D t h e y wa n t t h e ILP to be providing (and see the contact details below).

‘My biggest thing is don’t be afraid to ask. Never be afraid to ask. How do we know unless you guys come and speak to us and say “we need this” or “I’ve heard about this, what is it and can we do something about it?”. Without having that constant rapport with our membership, we just won’t know,’ she says.

p

Kimberly Bartlett

Kimberly Bartlett is Vice President – Education as well as senior engineer, lighting and energy solutions, at WSP Contact: vp.education@theilp.org.uk

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Education and CPD

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‘I have over 30 years of knowledge and experience in the highways sector. I became a Chartered Engineer MILP in 2010 and I have been involved with the membership committee in its previous iteration as an assessor of applications as well as a CPD auditor. In addition, I am a STEM ambassador, with several school activities already undertaken in the south of England.

‘I’d like to see the ILP’s education become more focused on delivery around online training whilst ensuring good quality training for all the key technical matters, both for lighting design and electrical design. The future should involve a recognised structure that is more accessible and which can lead to a clearer acknowledgement of capability.

‘This could even mean enabling mentors to look at training achievements and to assign the four-level grades per member, based on the document Competency for Lighting Professionals available on the website. I also want to make the website more user-friendly in respect of training and development, giving increased clarity for members on career development.’

Andy Sanders, lighting manager, Mott MacDonald

‘I have been in my role for threeand-a-half years and recently passed the internal recruitment process to become a project manager within the architectural and illumination segment of Urbis Schréder.

I provide exterior lighting designs and manage projects for both public and private schemes from design through to installation.

‘I am excited to be involved with the

www.theilp.org.uk

ILP education committee as well as being the YLP education representative, as I have a passion for learning and educating people about lighting. Being relatively new to the industry and not long out of university, I hope I can bring a different perspective on education to the committee.’

Hannah Dunford, senior lighting design engineer, Urbis Schréder

‘I have been involved in exterior light since leaving school and have worked in all sectors: manufacturing, local authorities, consultants and contractors. I have witnessed a decline in the influence of lighting engineers during these past 40+ years and, as knowledge is power, I am keen to ensure all lighting professionals are empowered through learning; especially with how the latest technology has changed our profession and will change all our futures.’

Nigel Parry, IEng FILP, principal at OrangeTEK

‘For the last four years, I have supported the ILP London and South East Committee as education officer, so I am delighted to now join the ILP’s education committee. With more than 30 years’ industry experience, working in various roles including lighting design, contracting and manufacturing, I recognise the power of education in professional career development. However young or old, an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest! I look forward to supporting Kimberly’s vision.’

Graham Skinner, project manager, DW Windsor and Urban Control

‘I became an independent lighting designer in 1984 – John Bullock Lighting Design – after ten years of electrical engineering and lighting manufacture.

It is a deliberately one-person operation that concentrates on helping incomers to realise their dream homes in the South West. It is part-lighting design, part-Feng Shui and part counselling, I suppose. But the intensity of the work beats anything that the corporate world has to offer.

‘Twenty-odd years ago I also began to write about the lighting world – the technology, the design philosophy, the business of lighting. I now publish and edit The Light Review an online magazine dedicated to “good lighting” and to bringing together the design and manufacturing communities.

‘I feel there is a tragic gulf opening up between the two that will only be to the detriment of good lighting. And I believe in the magic and synergy that happens when lighting professionals come together.’

John Bullock, independent lighting designer

‘I came into street lighting as admin support back in 2006 and after a three-year detour I came back as a lighting technician in 2011. With no electrical knowledge or certificates, I started my journey towards competency and learning.

‘I rediscovered my love of studying and writing when I undertook the ILP Exterior Lighting Diploma in Rugby.

Being away from everyday distractions and being focused in an environment of like-minded people fuelled a pathway that has pushed me outside of my comfort zone.

‘Education for me has become my passion, and through my own

October 2019 Lighting Journal

experiences I have made some great contacts and acquired new skills, but I have also experienced the “brick wall” and feeling of despair when it came to sourcing expert knowledge and professional guidance.

‘When I saw the request for volunteers for the new ILP education committee I saw an opportunity to bring my experience as a student to the table and push for making education within the ILP more accessible, especially for those of us who are looking for research material, case studies and more quantitative and qualitative data.

‘I would like to encourage the engagement of skilled and competent engineers who can consider the time to mentor students coming up through the ranks. Having talent banks of professionals that can offer project ideas, design expertise and electrical and electronic guidance would be a valuable source of learning and can make all the difference to students. Lighting is such a specialised area and we need to be cascading that knowledge and passion to others within our field.’

Amanda Reece, lighting engineer at Hampshire County Council as well as a fourth-year student of Portsmouth University studying for a BSc in engineering and management studies

‘I am currently in the first 18 months of working for Hull City Council, after stumbling across the career path when I worked within its administration team. I wanted to become a member of the education committee because, having completed the first module of the External Lighting Diploma, it gave me the confidence to branch out more. It wasn’t very well known within my workplace, so I had to really push to be able to attend.

‘I am therefore hoping to be able to extend this and raise its profile to other companies and express the importance of the diploma. I also know how

daunting it is going back into education, as I am currently studying electrical engineering (after thinking that I had finally finished education). I want to let others know that you are never too old to start a new career path.’

Harriet Parkin, trainee design technician (street lighting), Hull City Council

‘I graduated with a first class honours degree in interior and spatial design in 2016 from Edinburgh Napier U n i v e r s i t y.

Inspired by the lighting design aspects of this course I then went on to complete a master’s in lighting design, also at Edinburgh Napier University, graduating in 2017 with a distinction.

This combined co-design with children, including re-designing Edinburgh’s urban third spaces and introducing lighting design to children.

‘I joined the committee to help further my project and educate children about lighting design. I hope to help develop a children’s toolkit of light and create an older version for secondary school children.’

Emma Beadle, lighting designer, WSP

‘I have been working in the events, production and architectural industry since 1997, and have specialised in lighting design since 2000. Over the years I have enjoyed working on an eclectic range of lighting schemes and projects in the UK, Europe, Middle East, Far East, Canada, Australia, Asia and the Americas.

‘I applied to join the ILP education committee because I believe anything we can do to raise the profile of our

profession is an excellent idea. To capture and build on any one individual’s interest or enthusiasm for lighting can only be a good thing for us all.

Having studied in the fields of architecture and the built environment at university, I was more than aware of the lack of emphasis and importance that lighting and the effects of light were given. The chance to make people more aware of this and to educate and inform would be excellent.’

James Poore, creative director, JPLD

‘I began my career as a lighting designer at KSLD in 2006, before taking the opportunity to study and work in Sweden, gaining an MSc in architectural lighting design at the Lighting Laboratory of KTH University.

‘As associate director KSLD | EFLA Lighting Design, I liaise between our Iceland, Norway and Scotland offices.

Earlier this year, along with Claire Tomara I was selected as a workshop leader at Lights in Alingsås in Sweden, and announced as one of the 40under40 class at the Lighting Design Awards.

‘Coming on to the ILP education committee will allow me to build on my passions for natural light, dark sky quality, wellbeing, community and diversity in the profession.’

Natalie Redford, associate director, KSLD | EFLA Lighting Design

www.theilp.org.uk

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

The new-look ILP

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LEADING CHANGE Carrying on with our update of the new and existing Vice President roles within the ILP, Nic Paton spoke to Ian Jones, Glen Warner and Rebecca Hatch

By Nic Paton

www.theilp.org.uk

I

n last month’s Lighting Journal (‘A new look for a new team’, September 2019, vol 84 no 8), we introduced members to the ILP’s new technical director Peter Harrison and the ILP’s three new Vice President roles: Contracting (Steve Biggs), Government & Policy (Alistair Scott), and Products (Scott Pengelly).

The work that VP – Education Kimberly Bartlett now has underway with the ILP’s new education committee has been highlighted on the previous pages. But there is also work aplenty going on within the existing VP team, as we show below. Watch out for a final instalment in next month’s edition (November/December).

October 2019 Lighting Journal

I WANT TO ENCOURAGE MEMBERS WHO WORK FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN LIGHTING TO SPREAD THE WORD ABOUT THE ILP IAN JONES, VICE PRESIDENT – LOCAL AUTHORITY

‘The big change for me has been that my title has changed from VP – Highways to VP – Local Authority. Why the change? It has been for a number of reasons.

‘First, there was often some confusion about what ‘VP – Highways’ actually meant.

Second, we recognised that, just as the local authority lighting department has evolved, so has the role and remit of local authority lighting, and we need to be reflecting that within the ILP. Therefore my team and I will be setting some new targets and projects for the coming year based around assisting local authority lighting professionals in their important role.

‘As Lighting Journal highlighted in June through our National Lighting Survey – and this will be a key focus of this month’s Lightscene CPD day – there has been a significant decline in local authority-employed lighting professionals. There are many reasons for that. It is a sign of the times; lots of local authorities don’t even have lighting engineers any more, they have been swallowed by consultants and different partnerships that councils have entered into.

‘This evolution is also reflected in ILP membership. Our latest figures suggest that something like 18% of local authority lighting engineers or specialists are now ILP members. When I first started that figure was close to 98%. So that is a big, and worrying, change.

‘My mission as VP therefore – if it is the only thing I can do – is, very simply, to try to raise this figure; by providing a professional approach, support and assistance to local authority lighting specialists to encourage more people working with local authorities to become ILP members and also I want to encourage existing members who work for local authorities in lighting

p Ian Jones, VP – Local Authority and Glen Warner, VP – Membership Development

to spread the word about the ILP – to become in effect ILP champions – and encourage young and new people within their own or any other local authority in their area to join the Institution.

‘But I also want to encourage people within local authorities who were previously members but are no longer to come back into the fold. It is simply about trying to encourage more local authority lighting professionals to come into the ILP.’ Ian Jones is Vice President – Local Authority as well as area street lighting and signal control engineer at Cheshire West and Chester Council Contact: vp.localauthority@theilp.org.uk

GLEN WARNER, VICE PRESIDENT – MEMBERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

‘I’ve been in position in this VP role now for about two years. Whereas before, the role of VP – Membership was more focused on interaction with the Engineering Council and supporting people in their development, now, as VP – Membership Development, my focus is very much on membership numbers as well as promoting, marketing and simply banging the drum for the ILP both internally and externally.

‘I’ve been doing a lot of number-crunching to try to understand where we are as an Institution in terms of numbers of members, what type of numbers and the demographics. I have set up a quarterly report that teases out what grades we have got, where the members are coming from, what the biggest churn is and why people

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MEMBERSHIP IS THE LIFEBLOOD OF THE INSTITUTION. MY FOCUS IS ABOUT TRYING TO BREAK DOWN SOME OF THE PERCEIVED BARRIERS OF UPGRADING are leaving. Having a clear view of trends is essential as it is the best barometer of overall member satisfaction.

‘We have identified that by far the biggest churn is with affiliate members, and that those who have been through an upgrade process (to AMILP or above) are likely to stay members for longer. Therefore, we want to encourage as many people to upgrade, by promoting the benefits and explaining the process in a clear and tangible format. It’s about trying to break down some of the perceived barriers for people of upgrading; that, regardless of your background, we are more encompassing as an Institution than we were perhaps perceived in the past.

‘We are also looking at the feasibility of www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

The new-look ILP

t Rebecca Hatch, VP – Infrastructure

36

the ILP introducing a non-engineering membership upgrade option. You can have someone who has been in the Institution for 20 years and has made a massive contribution, but they are not an engineer with any engineering qualifications, so meaning that it is harder to upgrade.

‘It is all part and parcel of how can we help people to get more out of ILP membership and stay members for longer? If we can do that and open the ILP up and have some form of wider designatory letter, the more people will want to stay as members for longer.

‘Another area of focus is around trying to get people within large organisations with lots of individual members to “take ownership” of being an ILP member. What we find is that in some of organisations where someone has been the focal point for the ILP, who encourages people to join and support us, that’s great until they leave. Then you tend to get a lot of other people drift off too. I am also really keen, for YLP representatives within the LDCs to spread the word locally.

‘Membership is the lifeblood of the Institution. Without individual members we will cease to be. So I want to encourage everybody to promote the Institution from within their organisations, and encourage the younger people coming through.’

Glen Warner is Vice President – Membership Development as well as Technical Director, LINC, at Ringway Infrastructure Services Contact: vp.memdev@theilp.org.uk www.theilp.org.uk

REBECCA HATCH, VICE PRESIDENT – INFRASTRUCTURE

‘As VP–Infrastructure, I have a broad remit covering all exterior lighting that isn’t a road – roads still fall under VP– Local Authority Ian Jones – so essentially ports, harbours, rail, airports, structures and transport networks.

‘Initially my aim in this role was to promote the ILP in this sector, to try to make the ILP the first point of call for lighting knowledge, education, training and advice.

‘As a result, over the past year many associations and groups from within the infrastructure sector have been approached with the aim of developing relationships, sharing of knowledge and recruiting of new members.

‘Progress has been slow and so, working with the executive board and fellow VPs, the remit and objectives for VP – Infrastructure are currently being redefined.

Many of our existing members work on infrastructure projects and it has been recognised we need to capture any gaps in ILP support and resources for these members.

‘The small infrastructure committee members have been patient and loyal, and we hope to increase interest and ideas of how to develop our infrastructure reach through the valuable local input from newly-formed LDCs. ‘This year and next year, I will focus on working collaboratively with the other VPs, in particular VP–Local Authority, VP – Technical (Haydn Yeo) and VP – Architectural Lighting (Graham Festenstein).

‘As highlighted in last month’s Lighting

MANY OF OUR MEMBERS WORK ON INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND IT HAS BEEN RECOGNISED WE NEED TO CAPTURE ANY GAPS IN ILP SUPPORT AND RESOURCES Journal, the ILP has launched its new Guidance Note 22 Asset Management Toolkit: Minor Structures (ATOMS), replacing TR22. This is a perfect example of technical guidance that is applicable to all with a responsibility for lighting assets; it is not just for roads and highways. I therefore hope to be able to support wider uptake of this document in the infrastructure sector.

‘The skills gap within engineering (and all STEM subjects) is a concern for us all, and a further area of focus for me.

Within the transport sector it has recently been reported that 340,000 more people will be needed by 2033 to deliver UK needs. This is an area I hope to be able to make some contribution to through my role as VP Infrastructure and as a STEM ambassador, actively promoting lighting as a career choice.’

Rebecca Hatch is Vice President – Infrastructure as well as managing director of INDO Lighting Contact: vp.infrastructure@theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

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www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Daylight harvesting

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The need for sustainability, energy saving and to meet ‘human-centric’ standards such as WELL and BREEAM are all leading to an increased focus on daylight control and the optimisation of natural light within lighting design

By Miguel Aguado

C

onsider the sun. This mass of incandescent gas, this giant nuclear furnace – to borrow from an old children’s song – provides the light and heat that drives so much of life on Earth.

When it comes to our built environment – the office buildings, hotels, educational facilities, and residences where we spend the vast majority of our days – the natural light provided by the sun is too often an afterthought, replaced by the incandescent, fluorescent, and LED bulbs powered by electricity. We have windows but (depending on the structure) the daylight they let in can be spotty and inefficient.

It doesn’t have to be this way. Indeed, optimising daylight can benefit lighting design in a host of ways. It helps structures meet green building standards and sustainability goals by saving on energy

www.theilp.org.uk

costs. Studies have shown it’s highly desired by employees, and it offers designers flexibility in creating and managing spaces, whether it’s an open-office layout or a simple hotel room [1]. Daylighting is truly the most impactful thing we can do in lighting design.

THE VALUE OF SHADES

The most obvious example of daylight control – and perhaps the oldest – is shading.

In the first century AD, the Romans invented a solution, the Velarium, a retractable, fabric awning that extended around the entire stadium to protect spectators from the broiling sun. These structures are considered some of the first shades. Other civilisations improved on the technology – placing them in fenestrations, developing ways of contracting them, even using them as decorative art –

yet they remain underrated tools.

Shades don’t just block out the sun, they can reduce and stabilise temperature and tweak views, even contribute to a building’s aesthetics.

These days, shades are commonplace to the curtain-wall skyscrapers you’ll find in every city. But even now they’re not used as efficiently as they could be. Daylight is highly variable, changing with the season, the weather, the time of day, and the geographic location, which means that successful daylight control in one location and time may fail at another.

In addition, many shading systems are controlled manually and are dependent on human actions. The uncoordinated raising and lowering of shades makes a building exterior look like an aesthetic mess.

Automation can alleviate many of these issues. A daylighting strategy that

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www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Daylight harvesting

40

includes sensors, timers and daylight-responsive software can work with a building management system to provide maximum daylighting and light efficiency. By raising and lowering the shades in unison, automation can also help eliminate the snaggle-toothed look that a building presents to the outside.

Shades can also help reduce solar heat gain. Modern commercial buildings, lined with windows, handle the heat through a variety of climate-control options, including HVAC systems and treated glass. But window coverings such as blinds, drapes and shades can play a substantial role. Properly installed shades insulate rooms during bright summer days – and for that matter can do the same during bright winter days. Shades coated with reflective material work best to repel the sun’s rays during the scorching summer months. In the winter they can let the sunshine in. Either way, the shade fabric is key to this control.

Shades are also a defence against uncomfortable glare. They can be manufactured with a degree of openness – the density of the shade’s weave – that can mitigate glare, and also come in a variety of colours which maintain access to the view outside. That’s important, because studies have indicated that views are one of office workers’ most desired amenities.

ACCESS TO THE OUTSIDE

Indeed, access to views has become an increasingly important part of modern building and lighting design. Ideally the view is of greenery, feeding into what’s been termed ‘biophilia’ – an innate human connection to nature. Any views of the outside are welcome – ultimately, they are a connection to the world.

Research has borne this out. One worker performance study has indicated that workers with the best possible view perform 10% to 25% better on tests of mental function and memory recall than participants with no view. Another noted that having access to views improves worker satisfaction. A third study said increased access to daylight and views can contribute to a sense of wellbeing [2].

With the use of shades and other lighting controls, these aspects of building design can be made an essential part of the overall plan, not an afterthought. www.theilp.org.uk

Properly installed shades can insulate rooms during bright summer and winter days

CREATING A SEAMLESS FLOW OF NATURAL LIGHT

Still, optimising daylight can be a moving target. The intensity and colour temperature of daylight changes during the day.

These differences may clash with a building’s electric lighting.

Thankfully, as LED technology improves, incandescents and fluorescents are being phased out. Not only are LEDs more energy efficient than either, the light (as all lighting professionals will know full well) they produce can be tuned to promote comfort and engagement.

At the same time, automated lighting controls, such as sensors and timeclocks, can increase or decrease the intensity of electric lights based on the daylight already coming through the windows.

Together, these solutions serve to create a seamless flow of natural light into a space, whether you’re next to the window or many metres away.

BEING SUSTAINABLE

Though the concept of daylight optimisation isn’t new, it has taken on an increased urgency in recent years.

The emphasis on sustainability has given daylighting an important role, since it helps contribute to energy savings by diminishing the need for electric lighting and even heating and air-conditioning.

Moreover, the rise of ‘human-centric’ standards, such as WELL and BREEAM, have renewed the focus on daylight, given our innate response to illumination.

Simply put, the idea is to think of

daylight as part of a holistic solution, as indispensable to space utilisation as task lighting, personal controls, and automation. The sun may remain dominant in our lives, but that doesn’t mean we can’t bend its will for our benefit.

Miguel Aguado is marketing and technology leader at Lutron Electronics

REFERENCES [1] Newsham, G, Veitch, J, Arsenault, C, & Duval, C (2004, July). Effect of dimming control on office worker satisfaction and performance. Proceedings of the IESNA Annual Conference, p.

19-41; Boyce, P R, Veitch, J A, Newsham, G R, Jones, C C, Heerwagen, J, Myer, M, & Hunter, C M (2006). Occupant use of switching and dimming controls in offices. Lighting Research & Technology, 38(4), p. 358-376.

[2] Windows and Offices: A Study of Office Worker Performance and the Indoor Environment – CEC PIER 2003, available online at http://h-m-g.com/projects/daylighting/summaries%20 on%20daylighting.htm; Biophilic Design Research Reports, Interface.com, https://www.interface.com/US/en-US/ campaign/positive-spaces/Human-Spaces-Report-en_US; The Employee Experience, Workplace Trends, https:// workplacetrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ The-Employee-ExperienceFINAL08-072.pdf

What makes a smart city?

October 2019 Lighting Journal

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Cardiff, Wales, UK

How do you make your city smarter and more livable?

Interact City offers a robust infrastructure that improves lighting services, enhances safety, beautifies public spaces, and encourages civic pride. Connected LED lighting with management software increases energy and operational efficiency, allowing you to reinvest the savings in new smart city projects.

City

www.theilp.org.uk Find out more about Interact City www.interact-lighting.com/city

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Lighting design

42

I

had always wanted to visit London’s The British Museum but had never had the chance, so this was an opportunity not to be missed. Even from the outside, I could see it was a vast building that was going to rely on natural lighting for the majority of its displays and I was not wrong.

The first part you walk into is ‘The Great Hall’ where I was immediately enveloped by daylight bouncing off the white marble centre, creating a warm and inviting space for people to enjoy on arrival or departure.

The shadows the window panels made enhanced the artefacts on view in this part of the museum, which, quite truly, took my breath away. Whether this was supposed to create such an artwork in itself with just a few windowpanes and sunlight I don’t know, but it was inspiring, especially for this to be the area that welcomed you into such a place of beauty.

From here, I expected each subsequent room would be illuminated in a similar fashion, with the majority of the light being from surrounding windows. I am happy to say this – for the most part – was what I was to see, but with a few surprises along the way.

Each room had a different feel, which complemented the artefacts being displayed. Some were lit by natural lighting from the large windows, enhanced with cool temperature LED lights pointing directly on the displays, or attached to the inside of the cases for those more centralised. In other rooms there was warmer temperature for a beautiful contrast with the colours of the artefacts. www.theilp.org.uk

Trainee lighting designer and YLP member Harriet Parkin was recently given an opportunity to visit The British Museum to understand how it brings its artefacts to life through lighting. This is what she discovered

By Harriet Parkin

Below. The British Museum’s Great Hall. The daylight bouncing off the white marble centre, created a warm and inviting space Top right. The Chinese suite. The windows surrounding the room illuminated each piece of art in a way that made their true beauty shine Bottom right. An example of the trouble the museum takes to light small artefacts sympathetically and effectively

October 2019 Lighting Journal

MINIMAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

Within the Chinese suite, for example, there were windows surrounding the entire room, illuminating each piece of art in a way that made their true beauty shine.

The minimal artificial lighting allowed them to be illuminated naturally in the way they were seen when created, casting shadows on to both the flooring and other artefacts.

This ensured all the bright colours and

fine detail could be seen from different points, allowing you to visualise each piece separately. Using the natural light in this way, enhanced by the complementary artificial lighting, meant all of the colours stood out clear and bright.

As I progressed through the museum, I was keen to find a room with little or no

natural light, to see how the use of lighting in this context complemented the displays.

I came across a darkened room lit by multiple small white LEDs within the ceiling, with further warmer coloured lighting set into the cases, so creating a wonderful contrast between the two.

Having the artificial lighting in sporadic placement meant there were spectacular shadows cast from the cases, in turn creating an eerie atmosphere that complemented the artefacts inside well.

LIGHTING SMALL DETAILS

With the room being entirely lit by artificial lighting, it meant each object was illuminated in the way the designer felt it should be viewed, with the light bouncing off at an angle instead of encompassing it, in turn showing the true beauty of smaller details that may otherwise have been missed.

Although the room had windows at one side, there was a real need for the LED lighting to encourage the colours and details to come out at the other side of the room, where the lighting was set at a darker level (as if often needs to be the case to preserve and maintain artefacts from over-exposure).

Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed walking around The British Museum and viewing all of the amazing lighting designs. All the displays were lit to perfection, bringing out the vibrancy of all the colours.

In sum, the museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lighting scheme was I felt very well executed, seamless integrating natural and artificial light, so that they worked together as one. Next time you happen to be in London, I recommend you take a walk around yourself.

Harriet Parkin is a YLP member and a trainee design technician (street lighting) at Hull City Council www.theilp.org.uk

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Light on the past

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FROM THE SKY

By Simon Cornwell

By the autumn of 1940, the Luftwaffe was attacking major industrial areas and centres of population, including London and other major cities, in the precursor of what eventually became ‘The Blitz’. For lighting engineers, it was their first taste of how lighting columns and other infrastructure would fare under assault from the air – with some surprising results

www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

T

he declaration of war in September 1939 was followed by a relatively quiet period on the Home Front, which became known as ‘The Phony War’.

This brief hiatus allowed the authorities to further prepare for attack and reflect upon the work already done. But by the summer of 1940 the Luftwaffe was attacking the nation’s airfields and defences and, by that September, had turned its attention to major industrial areas and centres of population, including London and other major cities.

The expectation was that bombing would flatten and destroy existing lighting installations and infrastructure. One engineer, writing in October 1940 after the first month of heavy bombing, adopted an unexpected tone of humour and noted many public lighting engineers had ‘visions of the landmarks to their labours adopting the horizontal position so favoured by heavyweight boxers’.

‘MAKE DO AND MEND’ ATTITUDE

The surprising reality was that columns and luminaires would still be resolutely standing whilst surrounded by scenes of utter devastation.

However, no column could survive a close encounter with a bomb burst. In some cases, the column and luminaire would be reduced to scrap metal; in others, a column could be violently uprooted and flung some distance away, the relatively fragile luminaire so shattered that no recognisable trace of it could be found.

But, in relatively open areas, luminaires and columns a short distance away from the blast were not so catastrophically affected. Glass would be broken and

blown out of the luminaire itself, and the column could be damaged by flying debris, but it would be still standing and relatively solid. This was an unexpected and, for the lighting engineers, welcome surprise.

It was suggested that the superficial damage suffered by these columns standing further away from the bomb’s epicentre was due to them offering little resistance to the blast, as their area per unit of length was both small and often curved.

Luminaires offered a larger target, and their glass was often broken, but the fragile interior, populated with mantles and clock controllers often survived intact. To the increasingly war-hardened lighting engineer, raised in the practicalities of the foundries and workshops of the earlier decades of the 20th century, such damage was easily fixable.

They adopted a ‘make do and mend’ attitude. If the column was still vertical, then it could be easily patched up; luminaires could be straightened and fitted with new glass.

In confined areas, where the bomb bursts threw up great amount of debris, the bomb damage could be considerable to adjacent columns and luminaires.

Masonry, bricks and other debris would crash into and penetrate lantern castings and break cast-iron columns, leaving a scene of utter devastation.

In this scenario little could be salvaged from the scene and the lighting had to be removed. No doubt the shattered

cast-iron and smashed luminaires would have been taken away re-used for the war effort; there was no practical guidance on whether columns should be replaced.

METAL RESTRICTIONS

By this time the major manufacturers were also employed making munitions or other items for the war. Even the supply of ‘starlight’ fittings (‘Starry Night’, Light on the past, Lighting Journal May 2019, vol 84 no 5) was open to question as metal restrictions and more pressing priorities were threatening continued manufacturing.

The pictures (overleaf ) that accompany this article were taken in September 1940 and published in various periodicals – which is why they are somewhat grainy in terms of reproduction.

But what is notable is how the tone adopted by the original captions was defiant and upbeat. On one occasion the author took a patriotic stand as ‘the explosion has brought down a large building, but the column and lamp outside still stand as stolid as England herself, unflinching from the effect of Nazi barbarism.’

Despite these pictures – and please do turn over to view them – which to modern readers look like total devastation, there was the feeling that it wasn’t as bad as they’d expected.

Comments were made that the column was still good to use, the bracket could be fixed, and the luminaire could be patched up.

But these pictures only represented the first month of what would become known as ‘The Blitz’. There was much more to come.

www.theilp.org.uk

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October 2019 Lighting Journal

Light on the past

1. Flying debris smashed the luminaire off this column but, despite the total damage evident in this scene, the column remained in a vertical position and could be reused. The globe at the top of the Belisha Beacon also suffered a similar fate. But its column, and the pillar box, were also still standing straight. The author wondered if the circular profile of these three units was responsible for their lack of damage and theorised that air raid shelters should be built using similar circular profiles 2. Luminaires and columns in open areas only suffered superficial damage if the bombs fell nearby. Two bombs fell by this tall steel column, the force of the blast ripping up and depositing massive slabs of concrete near its base. Yet the column, decorative bracket and gas luminaire emerged from the night’s bombing undamaged. Note the white banding around the base of the column. This was in accordance with the Memorandum On Aids To The Movement Of Traffic To Be Installed In Roads And Streets In the Absence Of Street Lighting issued by the Home Office in 1939

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3. Despite the proximity of the bomb blast, which destroyed the building behind it, this column, bracket and luminaire remained relatively untouched. This luminaire has also been converted to ‘starlight’ lighting as the original glass bowl and mantles had been replaced by a Gas ARP ‘Starlight’ unit 4. Perhaps the most poignant image in the collection and one that clearly brings home the destructive power of exploding ordnance.

This bomb exploded at street level, peppered the street with shrapnel and neatly punched a clear hole straight through this cast-iron column and its internal gas standpipe. I have a similar octagonal cast-iron column in my collection – it took four men to carry it – and the force required to puncture it with a piece of metal would be immense

Simon Cornwell BSc (Hons) is an R&D development senior manager at Dassault Systems

www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

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INSPIRED

BY LIGHT AN EVENT FOR ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIGHT AND SURFACE. CO-LOCATED WITH SURFACE DESIGN SHOW, THE UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S MOST DYNAMIC DESIGN EVENT LIGHT-SCHOOL.CO.UK

@SURFACETHINKING

www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

LuxLive 2019

FORWARD THINKING

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Next month sees the return of LuxLive to London’s ExCeL centre, from 13-14 November. Here is what ILP members can expect

By Charlie Ward

S

mart spaces and wellbeing, emergency lighting, women in lighting and the ‘illuminated city’ are set to be some of the themes ILP members can look forward to at next month’s LuxLive.

The annual event for lighting suppliers, buyers, specifiers and designers will take place at London’s ExCeL from 13-14 November. The ILP is a partner for this year’s event, so get the date in your diary.

This year more than 200 international brands will be expected to be launching new solutions and discussing innovative technologies with an audience of over 6,000 specifiers and end-user buyers.

Co-located with LuxLive will be www.theilp.org.uk

Premier Member Advertorial

CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROVIDED BY DESIGNS FOR LIGHTING We can offer you a range of CPD topics to further enhance your skills and knowedge CPD Topics covered: It is widely recognised that there is a need for CPD and it is now a compulsory requirement.

At DfL we are happy to be able to offer you and your business a free CPD session as part of our commitment to maintaining high standards in the lighting industry.

• Colour temperature in street lighting; What are the issues?

• The Value of Lighting Design – Why standards should be honoured but not necessarily obeyed!

• Lighting Design in the Dark Skies National Park • Lighting designer or lighting engineer?

• Smart Cities

CPD is an excellent way of increasing subject knowledge and understanding and at DfL we are continuously striving to learn so that we can deliver the best service possible.

We have built a strong network of connections by working with the ILP and other trusted organisations within lighting and this has given us invaluable experience.

As a business we pride ourselves on competency and have been able to deliver outstanding designs for our clients.

Our team are all dedicated to continuous professional development and we would be pleased to deliver a CPD presentation to your business which is tailored to your needs.

CPD presentations available on request. rebecca@designsforlighting.co.uk Tel 01962 855080 Should you wish to discuss any other projects or opportunities please contact us on info@designsforlighting.co.uk

The possibilities are endless when you choose a career with us. As a large employer we have a wide range of jobs and we positively welcome applications from all sections of the community. Working from a few hours a week to full-time 37 hours, you’ll enjoy the support to develop, along with some of the best benefits around, such as childcare vouchers, a final salary pension and excellent flexible working. Take a fresh look at what we can offer you.

DIRECTORATE – COMMUNITIES & PLACE

Street Lighting Clerk of Works Grade G £25,801 to £28,785 a year Location: Streetpride Depot, Stores Road Streetpride provides those critical frontline services that everyone who lives or works in Derby use every day and street lighting forms a highly visible and vital part of the street scene. Street lighting is provided to enable safe use of the highway for road users and pedestrians and also helps to promote strong and safe communities.

Derby City Council is working together with central government and our private sector partners to deliver major street lighting investment, in Derby, through a 25 year Private Finance Initiative arrangement.

A full-time permanent vacancy has arisen for the post of Street Lighting Clerk of Works within the Highway Asset Management Team.

The team embraces a full asset management approach to all highway assets through the introduction and implementation of the Well-

Hours: 37 hours a week Contract Type: Permanent Managed Highway Infrastructure: A Code of Practice 2016.

We are looking for a conscientious person with the ability to work alone under minimum supervision and as part of a team. You must have the commitment to provide a high quality service to our customers. Excellent communication and record keeping skills are essential.

Previous knowledge and experience of local authority street lighting maintenance, design and construction and monitoring of projects, including Private Finance Initiative contracts including performance delivery is an essential part of this role.

You must also hold a current driving licence.

To apply for this role please visit: www.derby.gov.uk/jobs-and-careers Disability equality – please tell us if our online application form is not suitable for you. Call us on 01332 643700, minicom 01332 242133.

The closing date for applications is Sunday 27th October 2019 at midnight. Any application forms received after the closing date will not be accepted.

October 2019 Lighting Journal

LuxLive 2019

lightspace.london, the event for architects and lighting designers to discover inspirational ideas.

More than 100 world-class industry speakers will be delivering cutting-edge CPD sessions. Here are some of the key themes and spaces to look out for when you visit.

SMART SPACES

Technology giant Bluetooth is partnering with LuxLive to become headline sponsor of the main ‘Smart Spaces’ arena, which will be located at the heart of the event on the show floor.

This is where the keynote presentations and major panel discussions will take place, all focusing on intelligent buildings.

THE ILP AT LUXLIVE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING

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At this time of heightened concern about fire safety standards, it is more important than ever that emergency lighting is fully compliant with all relevant standards and is maintained and tested regularly.

In this special seminar, along with headline sponsor P4, top experts in the field will answer all the key questions plus explore emerging technologies and protocols, such as automatic testing, internet-connect systems and stay-put lighting.

LIGHTSPACE.LONDON

Since its launch in 2 0 1 5 , lightspace. london, colocated with LuxLive has been the leading event for lighting designers and architects to find new inspiration and innovation, as well as to collaborate in defining the role light plays in internal and external environments.

The lightspace.london exhibition will include an exclusive display of what’s new and trending in lighting design.

There will also be talks by authoritative experts covering awardwinning case studies and outstanding lighting applications. www.theilp.org.uk

WOMEN IN LIGHTING

LuxLive and lightspace have teamed up with Women in Lighting to support gender balance in the lighting profession.

Founded by Light Collective, Women in Lighting aims to create an inspirational digital platform for women working in the architectural lighting industry to promote their passion and achievements, narrate their career path and goals, celebrate their work and elevate their profile in the lighting community.

Award-winning lighting designer Paule Constable will deliver a special keynote address to kick-off the Women in Lighting event. This will take place on 13 November at 4.30pm on the lightspace arena.

Charlie Ward is event manager at Clarion Events, organiser of LuxLive

As a partner for this year’s LuxLive, the ILP will have a strong presence over both days of the show and exhibition, writes Jess Gallacher.

For example, the ILP will have a stand within the lightspace arena focusing on our recently launched ‘Lighting for Good’ forum.

We will be on hand to explain how designers and researchers can benefit from this tool, which aims to address the disconnect between academic research and lighting practitioners.

On the main LuxLive floor itself a second ILP stand will inform visitors about the new ILP document Guidance Note 22 Asset Management Toolkit: Minor Structures (ATOMS), which supersedes old TR22 technical report.

We will be offering visitors to LuxLive practical advice on how to implement ATOMS, including on the morning of Thursday 14 November, running a free mini conference on risk-based asset management.

Jess Gallacher is the ILP’s engagement and communications manager

LUX

October 2019 Lighting Journal

2019

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LIVE

2019

LUX

LIVE

13-14 November 2019 | ExCeL London

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Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest annual lighting event l Meet 200+ leading industry suppliers l Access over 100 world class CPD accredited seminars l Co-located with lightspace l Enjoy live and inspiring product demonstrations l Join 7000+ colleagues, friends and peers

To register for your FREE place go to www.luxlive.co.uk /ilp www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

The 2020 Surface Design Show and Light School

EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY The ILP has once again partnered with the Surface Design Show to host three days of ‘Light Talks’ at next year’s Light School. It is an opportunity for the industry to showcase to architects and designers just how lighting and lighting technology can complement and shape great design

By Nic Paton

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www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

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I

t may only be October, but we all know that at this time of year the diary for the autumn and the coming year ahead can begin to fill up quickly. That’s why it is important to get 11-13 February into the 2020 diary as soon as possible.

Why? Because these are the dates for next year’s Surface Design Show and, just as importantly, Light School, where, once again, the ILP will hosting its three days of ‘Light Talks’ CPD. The Surface Design Show brings together the worlds of interior and exterior surface materials, lighting design, development, innovation and manufacturing.

As a key part of that conversation, Light School is an opportunity for lighting professionals to communicate to architects, designers and other non-lighting professionals the intrinsic relationship between light, lighting and materials.

As ILP engagement and communications manager Jess Gallacher puts it: ‘Light School is the home of architectural lighting and allows architects and designers to touch, compare and learn about innovative lighting and technology.

‘Light School sets out to educate architects and designers in the importance of the relationship between light and surface by bringing together leading manufacturers and suppliers with architects and designers looking to specify their products.’

speakers across both Light School and the Surface Design Show.

So the key messages are: watch this space and do keep the 2020 Light School from 11-13 February clear in your diary.

NETWORKING OPPORTUNITY

The show will once again take place at London’s Business Design Centre in Islington. The 2019 show attracted than 5,000 professional and trade visitors, making it a real opportunity for exhibitors and industry to engage and network.

At this remove much of the agenda and speaker line-up is still to be confirmed, and watch out for regular updates between now and February.

However, confirmed returning exhibitors to Light School so far include lighting manufacturers Lumino and Applelec, with more names expected to be added over the coming weeks and months.

The speaker programme for 2020 will be collated by Rebecca Weir from Lightbout.iQ, and there are expected to be approximately 40 presentations from 65

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW What: 2020 Light School and Surface Design Show When: 11-13 February 2020 Where: Business Design Centre, Islington, north London

To find out more, go to: www.surfacedesignshow.com/ light-school There will also be updates online at: www.theilp.org.uk/events

www.theilp.org.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

The ILP’s ‘How to be brilliant’ lectures

In his ‘How to be brilliant’ lecture in May, lighting designer and journalist John Bullock mused on Brexit, the uncertainties of dealing with the unexpected that life throws at you and the wisdom of the late, great Douglas Adams

By John Bullock

T 54

his is the first time that I’ve been asked to write a review of one of my own presentations – and it’s not quite as straightforward as it might appear. It would help if I spoke to scribbled notes… and maybe paid more attention to what I’m saying when I’m speaking. Anyway – here goes.

Back at the beginning of the year, when I was asked by April and Jess to present a ‘How to be brilliant’ lecture, the country was just beginning to enjoy the feel of the death-grip of the Brexit farce. ‘Would you like to speak on “The effect of Brexit on the lighting industry”?’ they asked.

At the time it felt easy. The only forward planning I’d need to do was to get a copy of the day’s London Evening Standard and read George Osborne’s erudite and scholarly editorial.

But as time went on, of course, and each of the many wheels fell off (as it was then) Mrs May’s clown car (beep-beep) it became obvious this was a subject that wasn’t going anywhere. But it opened an idea of something much more practical… and, as it turned out, much more personal.

‘Let’s talk about the things that come into our professional lives while we’re busy putting business plans together and deciding which tax haven to emigrate to.’

We can call it ‘Life is what happens…’ because we’re all John Lennon fans.

SURVIVAL STRATEGIES

And that’s what was delivered in May to an audience who ran the gamut from those still being in education to my superannuated friends who turned up for the free drink. It was great to see everyone even though it felt, at one

www.theilp.org.uk

point, that I’d been duped into an episode of This Is Your Life.

My premise was a simple one. You don’t get through a 40-year career without things happening that you don’t plan for because things happen that no one ever expected (Brexit, global financial mayhem, the internet and so on).

The important thing therefore is those survival strategies that you create to get you through the mayhem. That was the plan, but is that what I delivered?

We might all live in the same country and drink from the same well and that provides some commonality of experience. But I’m also aware that I started my journey entirely by accident in 1970.

I bought a house with a deposit of £350 in 1975. I was one of those Year of ‘84 lighting designers, that annus mirabilis, to set up the first iteration of a lighting design career that’s still trundling along – and that was at a time when the usual question was ‘what the hell’s a lighting designer?’.

It was a tough start but there wasn’t a lot of competition. Compare and contrast that story arc with those setting out on the journey today.

So, the conversation shifted to something altogether a bit more weird: how do we know that we’re doing the right thing; that kind of stuff? How do I know that it’s going to work? How do I know who I am?

I believe firmly that what we put out into the world should come from our hearts and arise from a firm belief in what we’re doing. If we’re doing the right thing, then life will turn out OK. If we don’t believe in what we’re doing – go and do something else. Did that really take the best part of an hour and a half? As I say, maybe I should have listened a bit harder.

I’ll give you another quote from Douglas Adams: ‘I really wish I’d listened to what my mother told me.’

‘Why? What did she say?’

‘I don’t know. I never listened.’

And these final words come from the writer who influenced me all those years ago. In response to a high school student who wrote to him as part of a school project. Kurt Vonnegut’s advice to the young man was ‘PRACTICE BECOMING.’ That’ll do.

John Bullock is an independent lighting designer and editor of The Light Review

UPCOMING‘HOW TO BE BRILLIANT’ TALKS

The next ILP ‘How to be brilliant’ lecture will be held later this month, on 23 October, when Neil Knowles, director and founder of Elektra Lighting Design will be talking about ‘How to be brilliant… at circadian lighting’. It will be held at Body & Soul in Rosebery Avenue, London.

The final lecture for 2019 will be BDP’s Colin Ball and Lora Kaleva who will be providing a fascinating insight into ‘How to be brilliant… with the colour blue’, again at Rosebery Avenue.

The 2019 series has been kindly sponsored by Zumtobel. To find out more about the ‘How to be brilliant’ programme and for updates as new events get agreed, go online to: www.theilp. org.uk/brilliant

Lighting

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Consultants

This directory gives details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Steven Biggs

Allan Howard

Alan Tulla

Skanska Infrastructure Services

WSP

Alan Tulla Lighting

IEng MILP

Peterborough PE1 5XG

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk

www.skanska.co.uk

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

www.wspgroup.com

IEng FILP FSLL

Winchester, SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

Simon Bushell

Alan Jaques

Michael Walker

SSE Enterprise Lighting

Atkins

McCann Ltd

MBA DMS IEng MILP

Portsmouth PO6 1UJ T: +44 (0)2392276403 M: 07584 313990 E: simon.bushell@ssecontracting.com

www.sseenterprise.co.uk Professional consultancy from the UK’s and Irelands largest external lighting contractor. From highways and tunnels, to architectural and public spaces our electrical and lighting designers also provide impact assessments, lighting and carbon reduction strategies along with whole installation packages.

IEng FILP

Nottingham, NG9 2HF

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

www.atkinsglobal.com

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

IEng MILP CMS.

Nottingham NG9 6DQ M: 07939 896887 E: m.walker@jmccann.co.uk

www.mccann-ltd.co.uk Design for all types of exterior lighting including street lighting, car parks, floodlighting, decorative lighting, and private lighting. Independent advice regarding light trespass, carbon reduction and invest to save strategies.

Asset management, data capture, inspection and testing services available.

Lorraine Calcott

Tony Price

Peter Williams

it does Lighting Ltd

Vanguardia Consulting

Williams Lighting Consultants Ltd.

IEng MILP IALD MSLL ILA BSS Milton Keynes, MK19 6DS

T: 01908 560110 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

www.itdoes.co.uk

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Oxted RH8 9EE

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardia.co.uk

Bedford, MK41 6AG T: 01234 630039 E: peter.williams@wlclighting.co.uk

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting.

All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Specialists in the preparation of quality and effective street lighting design solutions for Section 38, Section 278 and other highway projects. We also prepare lighting designs for other exterior applications. Our focus is on delivering solutions that provide best value.

www.vanguardia.co.uk

Mark Chandler

Alistair Scott

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Designs for Lighting Ltd

EngTech AMILP

Reading RG10 9QN

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MHEA Winchester SO23 7TA

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

John Conquest

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP

4way Consulting Ltd Stockport, SK4 1AS

T: 0161 480 9847 E: Jason.mcnulty@4wayconsulting.com

www.4wayconsulting.com

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

Anthony Smith IEng FILP

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

www.staintonlds.co.uk

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

Stephen Halliday

Nick Smith

WSP

Nick Smith Associates Limited

EngTech AMILP

Manchester M50 3SP

IEng MILP

Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

www.wspgroup.com

EngTech AMILP

www.nicksmithassociates.co.uk

www.wlclighting.co.uk

This space available Please call Andy on 01536 527297 or email andy@matrixprint.com for more details

This space available Please call Andy on 01536 527297 or email andy@matrixprint.com for more details

Go to: www.theilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

Lighting

Directory

CPD Accredited Training • AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • Lighting Standards

• Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please contact

Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd

t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 588 604 e: mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.co.uk

36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR

www.intratest.co.uk M 07795 903858 T 01202 530166 E sales@intratest.co.uk

We offer straightforward, no-nonsense, professional advice and solutions to all those involved in street lighting and the highway assets maintenance: to implement integrated asset management programmes in a cost effective, sustainable manner.

Your contact is Martin Wyeth

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING • ULTRASONICS • ULTRASONIC THICKNESS • VISUAL INSPECTION • ELECTRICAL TESTING & GENERAL MAINTENANCE • MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION • DYE PENETRANT • FLOODED MEMBER

Multi-Award Winning Structural Testing Business

56

BSI Cert No. FS607666 I BSI Cert No. OHS 660317 I HERS Reg No. SSR539

Delivering Decorative Lighting Festoons for over 25 years

ILLUMINATING THE WAY Survey, design, energy management & distribution of road, commercial, industrial & architectural lighting solutions.

To illuminate your next project, contact our lighting team on 01236 458000 or 0191 217 0119. www.lightandenergy.co.uk

European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games • Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

We create bespoke low energy, durable festoon lighting for architects, designers, retail chains, sign makers, ship builders, and more.

Contact us to discuss your lighting project. www.lumisphere.co.uk saleslj@lumisphere.co.uk 01245 329 999

Patented Raised Lamppost Banner System that significantly reduces loading on columns and prevents banners twisting and tearing.

Column testing and guarantee service available.

The most approved system by Highways Engineers

Cumbernauld Newcastle Aberdeen Dingwall Great Yarmouth Light & Energy Distribution, formerly known as MacLean Electrical Lighting Division.

Part of the MacLean Electrical Group.

0208 343 2525 baymedia.co.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Meter Administrator Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk

Power Data Associates Ltd are Power Associates the leadingData meter administrator in G Ltd reat Britain.

We are the achieve leading accurate energy calculations meter assuring youadministrator of a cost effective quality ffering We in service.

Great O Britain. independent consultancy advice achieve to ensure correct accurate inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and energy calculations impact of market developments.

Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories

assuring you of

01525 601201 a cost effective

info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds M K 45 4H R

quality service.

Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market development

Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk

If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

PRESENTING THE ALL NEW LIGHTING REALITY

01525 601201

info@PowerDataAssociates.com

www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 5HR

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Leading the Way in the Next Generation of: -- High Visibility Belisha Beacons - Solar Belisha Beacons - Solar Refuge Beacons -

Introducing the revolutionary patented TS2300 High Visibility Beacon:

4 Ambient light sensor control to reduce glare. sh et ee e 4 t s hr s t 4 Smart City - I oT ready. er s t tts 4 4 C et t el r ed

s

Email: info@ticknallsolar.com www.ticknallsolar.com

Call: 01283 200765

Proudly introducing our new brand identity, our expanding team and our next generation design software.

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Contact Andy on 01536 527297 or email andy@matrixprint.com for more details

13/06/2019 15:22

October 2019 Lighting Journal

Diary

THE DIARY General Events

LDC Events

17 OCTOBER

10 OCTOBER

23 OCTOBER

24 OCTOBER

Lightscene exhibition and CPD seminars Venue: Uttoxeter Racecourse, Wood Lane, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire

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p We’re in the final furlong of the countdown to this month’s Lightscene CPD event – on 17 October – which will be held at Uttoxeter Racecourse. So don’t delay and register for your free visitor’s ticket, at www.theilp.org.uk/events

How to be brilliant… at circadian lighting (London), with Neil Knowles, director and founder of Elektra Lighting Design Venue: Body & Soul, Rosebery Avenue, London EC1R

06 NOVEMBER

Fundamental lighting course Venue: The ILP, Regent House, Rugby

20 NOVEMBER

How to be brilliant… with ‘the colour blue’ (London), with Colin Ball and Lora Kaleva, senior lighting designers at BDP Venue: Body & Soul, Rosebery Avenue, London EC1R

LDC Durham technical meeting and CPD papers Venue: Thorn, Spennymoor LDC Scotland autumn technical CPD day Venue: Airth Castle, Airth, Stirlingshire

14 NOVEMBER

LDC Durham technical meeting with CPD papers on Lumiere Durham Venue: Radisson Blu Hotel, Durham

5 DECEMBER

LDC Durham networking evening – Ten Pin bowling Venue: Planet Leisure, Newton Aycliffe, Co Durham For full details of all ILP events, go to: www.theilp.org.uk/events

IN THE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER ISSUE SKY’S THE LIMIT

How LED has changed light pollution in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

www.theilp.org.uk

UNDERGROUND WORKING

The challenges of lighting London’s new £61bn Elizabeth Line

WASHINGTON POST

Updates from the CIE’s 29th Quadrennial Meeting in Washington

SMART LIGHTING October 2019 Lighting Journal

xxxxxxxxx

DELIVERING

SAFER HIGHWAYS

59

Before

www.theilp.org.uk

+44 1920 860600 | www.cuphosco.co.uk | enquiries@cuphosco.co.uk

October 2019 Lighting Journal

The New CitiSun luminaire looks as good on the street as it does on a seafront or park. Using the same top quality components as the successful Ignis 1, the 36 LED array delivers a wide range of lumen output with our “Lumen Boost” technology to meet the requirements of BS5489.

INTRODUCING xxxxxxxxx THE NEW

The cast LM6 aluminium body is based on a timeless classic design and can be adorned with a translucent skirt for all locations.

Visit our website for full product details.

A TIMELESS CLASSIC DESIGN WITH 2020 PERFORMANCE

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Find our more at

www.orangetek.co.uk www.orangetek www.orange

Lumen output range

1683–9608 lumens

RA/CRI index

>70

CCT

3000k, 4000k, 5000k

LX value

L90>100,000 hours

Lumens per watt

Upto 140 lm/w

Experts in exterior LED lighting www.theilp.org.uk

Tool Free Access

SmartCity Ready

CLO Available

IP66

Preset Dimming

Lumen Boost Tune lumen output

Lightweight LM6 aluminium

Surge Protection – 10kV 5kA MLV (clamping voltage) 1.2kV

w: www.orangetek.co.uk e: info@orangetek.co.uk t: 01283 716690

Up to IK8