Lighting Journal November December 2015

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

November/December 2015

Heritage sights: lighting professionals show off the glories of our national heritage during the Night of Heritage Light Power to the people: PoE, Li-Fi, VLC, IoT – the technological revolution (and acronyms) transforming lighting Open your eyes: how something as simple as changing the light can improve the symptoms of conditions such as Parkinson’s, MS, dyslexia, autism and more

Editorial Volume 80 No 10 Nov/Dec 2015

‘Residents are thankful for lighting that illuminates the

President Elizabeth Thomas BSc(Eng) CEng FILP

darkness without overpowering their senses’ – for me, this comment by Tom Jarvis in describing his ‘In the Shade’ project on an east London housing estate

Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA(Cantab) DPA HonFIAM

spoke volumes.

Lighting the urban environment, as any lighting professional will know full well, is never straightforward.

Editor Nic Paton Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk

Moreover, as we also highlight in this edition, the smart city/connected lighting agenda is bringing with it a whole

Editorial Board Tom Baynham MEng MA (Cantab) Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster

array of new challenges – as well as new opportunities – for the industry.

Designed by Julie Bland Email: julie@matrixprint.com

even integrates.

Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by

But irrespective of what our street lighting and illuminated built environment gradually becomes ‘for’ – and it is increasingly apparent ‘being able to see by’ is becoming just one answer among many – how night or darkness can affect or even distort our perception of community is, for me, an interesting one. And that, of course, leads on to the important role lighting can have in terms of changing those perceptions, of changing how a community perceives and uses its open spaces at night, how it lives together, coheres and Tom’s project clearly illustrated it isn’t necessarily the quantity of street and other lighting that’s the issue here. The residents he spoke to didn’t complain that there weren’t enough lighting columns or enough lighting.

They complained about the fact what light there was often felt overpowering, too bright and stark, in the process creating threatening areas of shadow.

What was also intriguing was how this light/shade dynamic at night served to exacerbate and accentuate existing community tensions.

Tom’s solution, a scaffolding tube with an LED light inside that he, for the purposes of this project, installed in the posts of a football goal, was innovative but most of all simple and effective. This sort of solution, clearly, isn’t going to be right for everywhere. But in the headlong rush towards ever-more technologically sophisticated, complex and ‘smart’ urban lighting, it is perhaps important to remember how (and with apologies to Simon and Garfunkel) we

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

can use lighting more effectively to make darkness ‘my old friend’.

Nic Paton Editor

© ILP 2015 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain.

Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

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Contents

LIGHTING JOURNAL November/December 2015

01 04 06

10

10

15

18

22

22

EDITORIAL

36

PRESIDENTIAL PRINCIPLES

38

SCALING THE SUMMIT

40

LUXLIVE: WHAT TO SEE

43

WHAT’S NEW

44

THE IDEA LOST FOR 50 YEARS

NEWS HERITAGE SIGHTS

Last month’s Night of Heritage Light saw iconic heritage sites around the country being illuminated. Lighting Journal took a look

POWER TO THE PEOPLE

PoE, LI-FI, VLC, IoT...it’s time to get up to speed with the new lighting revolution (and a whole new load of acronyms) as ‘Big Data’ hits the industry, reports Andrew Brister

CONNECTED THINKING

The development of connected lighting through Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology is an opportunity to deliver ever-more sophisticated lighting experiences, argues John Niebel of amBXs

OPEN YOUR EYES

Optician Ian Jordan outlines how the symptoms of conditions such as Parkinson’s, MS, dyslexia and autism, among others, can often be significantly improved just by changing the lighting

28

OUT OF THE DARK

32

QUANTUM LEAP

The ILP’s Professional Lighting Summit, and events like it, can be the perfect place for students to start developing their profile within, and knowledge of, the industry, as Richard Newsham found

With LuxLive just days away, we pick out some of the key presentations

At first glance an old conference paper on street lighting by a Dutch academic appeared dry and obscure. But when Simon Cornwell delved into it more deeply he discovered a surprisingly modern discussion

THE SHIPPING NEWS

Could shipping containers be one solution to London’s, and the UK’s, affordable housing crisis? Nic Paton looks at how a prototype has combined low-cost energy saving solutions with a cutting-edge, Open Source-based lighting system

September’s Professional Lighting Summit saw Elizabeth Thomas, public lighting manager at Walsall Council, become the ILP’s first female President

45

CONSULTANTS

46

LIGHTING DIRECTORY

48

DIARY

An east London estate has become a less fearful place at night thanks to a simple, sustainable lighting installation, explains Tom Jarvis

Scientists at Oregon State University are working on the next generation of quantum dot-based solid-state LEDs

COVER PICTURE

28

Liverpool Maritime part of Night of Heritage Light – SLL. Design: Cundall Light4 Photography: Ian Robinson

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

4

News

DANGERS OF OUR LIGHT-BASED ‘ETERNAL SUMMER’ The ‘eternal summer’ of modern lifestyles, with bright artificial light available at all hours and central heating keeping us warm into the depths of winter, has disconnected humanity from natural seasonal cycles and could as a result be damaging our health, research has warned.

An international collaboration between 26 universities, including the universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow,

has argued that, by muting or disrupting the natural ‘rhythms of life’ associated with the seasons, we risk confusing or damaging our immune systems.

For example, some genes within our immune systems will normally be more active during the winter months when seasonal infections can be more prevalent and need to be fought off.

But, because the light and temperature controls common in modern society do not tend to adjust for the seasons, our bodies can become fooled into thinking it is summer all year round, meaning genes can fail to turn on or be as effective.

Separately, the effect of lighting on health, wellbeing and comfort

within buildings is due to be discussed at CIBSE’s Building Performance conference on 3-4 November.

LIGHT SCHOOL BACK FOR 2016 Architects, designers and lighting professionals will once again be brought together at Light School in February, part of the Surface Design Show.

The event is supported by the ILP and presented by Light Collective and is designed to show architects and designers how they can make better use of lighting design and lighting products within their work It consists of three elements: the School Room, the Product School and the School Newspaper.

In the School Room, which this year is being sponsored by iGuzzini, there will be ‘lessons’ and hands-on demonstrations by top UK lighting designers, including Sally Storey, design director of John Cullen; Rebecca Weir, creative director of Light IQ and David Atkinson of David Atkinson Lighting Design.

The talks in the school proved

highly popular last year, attracting some 400 architects and designers over two-and-a-half days. The show itself attracted more than 5,000 visitors.

The Product School will focus on lighting innovation, technology and new products, with architects and designers able to touch, compare and learn about products and services.

The School Newspaper will be a free newspaper, sponsored

by Xicato, sent out to all 70,000 architects, designers and specifiers, with every person who attends the show getting a copy to take away.

The school, and the show, will take place between 9-11 February at the Business Design Centre in London.

Registration opens this month, and full details can be found at http://www.surfacedesignshow. com/light-school

‘SMART’ PAVEMENT PILOT SWITCH-OFF An innovative ‘smart’ pavement with built-in Wi-Fi is being tested by Chiltern District Council.

The pilot project between the council and Virgin Media will allow visitors, businesses and residents of the town of Chesham in Buckinghamshire to access the internet via the pavement as they walk around the town.

Local MP Cheryl Gillan said: ‘It will keep the community connected, help Chesham people save some money on their mobile bill and could be a key piece of the jigsaw in connected cities moving forward.’

The Wi-Fi is being delivered through Virgin Media’s network of street cabinets and is expected to deliver internet speeds of up to 166Mbps at street level.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

COURT CASE A chef who blamed night-time switching off by his local council for a fall while walking home from work has had a claim for damages turned down by a court.

Michael MacDonald took Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, the local government of the Outer Hebrides, to court after breaking his ankle on his way home late at night from his job at the local hotel in the village of Lochboisdale in 2011.

He claimed damages of £20,000,

arguing that the accident happened because it had been ‘pitch black’ and he had been not been to see where he was placing his feet, and so had slipped on the edge of a kerb.

The council had in November of that year begun switching off street lighting in the area between midnight and 7am.

But the court in October rejected his claim, accepting the council’s defence that its switch-off policy had already been in place for three weeks by the time of the accident and, anyhow, the street had not been lit at that spot at the time of the accident – 2am – since at least the mid-1970s.

5 News

GLASGOW SPOTLIGHT

ENGINEERS TO DEVELOP ‘PERCHING’ STREET LIGHT ROBOT

Engineers from Leeds University have been given £4.2 million to research ‘self-repairing cities’, including developing robots that could perch on, and fix, street lights.

The project is being funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and is part of a wider £21 million scheme to encourage universities to develop solutions to engineering ‘grand challenges’.

A team from the university’s School of Civil Engineering is set to work with Leeds City Council and the UK Collaboration for Research in Infrastructure and Cities to develop small robots that will be able to identify and rectify problems with utility pipes, street lights and roads.

These include ‘perch and repair’ drones that will be able to perch, like birds, on structures at height, such as street lights, and perform repair tasks.

The team will also work to develop robots that can autonomously inspect, diagnose, repair and prevent potholes in roads and robots that can operate indefinitely within live utility pipes.

The school’s Professor Phil Purnell said: ‘We want to make Leeds the first city in the world to have zero disruption from street works.’

A conference this month will examine the role urban lighting has had in the transformation of Glasgow.

The LUCI (Lighting Urban Community International) Association City under Microscope conference is being held from 11-15 November.

There will be a focus on the role of smart lighting within urban regeneration, including a lighting design workshop, ‘Magnifying Glasgow’, where teams will be tasked to come up with design approaches for three sites on the city’s Strathclyde University campus, with the winning approaches being implemented.

The conference will also include a ‘Future Cities Demonstrator’ project on smart lighting.

More details can be found at http://www. luciassociation.org/glasgow-home/ and pollution that they want to answers for. Sponsored by GE Lighting and backed by Urban Design London, it launched last month and runs until 14 November.

Applications can be made to IntelCommChallenge@ newmedia2dot0.co.uk and the winner will be announced on 20 November.

NEWS IN BRIEF

Edinburgh’s Royal Mile is set to be illuminated as a ‘Street of Light’ for 25 days from 30 November to 24 December. The installation will stretch from the City Chambers to the Tron Kirk and will comprise 16 illuminated arches, each reaching 19m tall and featuring some 60,000 lights. The free display will be synchronised with music from Edinburgh choirs twice a day.

Power management company Eaton has launched a new online resource for lighting professionals. The Lighting reSOURCE (http://TheLightingreSOURCE.eaton.com) contains a range of case studies, tools and information.

ILP chief executive Richard Frost has been made an honorary fellow of the Institute of Association Management, the professional body for senior staff responsible for managing membership associations. Richard told Lighting Journal he was ‘honoured and delighted’ to have been recognised in this way.

Students from across the UK are being invited to come up with innovative LED-lighting solutions around city regeneration. The #urbandesignhackathon ‘Intelligent Community Challenge’ has seen councils put forward briefs around public safety, crime, social inclusion, traffic

The ILP signed up 22 new student members at a single event in October. The event, held at University College London, was organised by ILP membership assessor Peter Raynham, course director for the MSc in Light and Lighting at UCL’s The Bartlett, with the aim of promoting the UK’s professional lighting bodies to students. Presentations were made by the ILP, the SLL and the IALD. Guy Harding, ILP Vice President Membership, said the success of the event had helped to raise the ILP’s profile ‘with the lighting designers and engineers of the future’.

The city of Avila in Spain was awarded first prize in the 13th annual City.People.

Light Awards in September.

The city won for its city centre lighting masterplan New Nightscape. The lighting design was executed by AUREOLIGHTING, which also received the award. The awards, created

by Philips in partnership with The LUCI (Lighting Urban Community International) Association celebrate the creative use of light within urban regeneration.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

6

International Year of Light

HERITAGE SIGHTS During last month’s Night of Heritage Light iconic sites around the country were gloriously illuminated to give the public a whole new perspective on their historic built and natural environment. Lighting Journal took a grand tour

Giant’s Causeway - photography: Gareth O’Cathain

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

International Year of Light

7

L

ast month, as part of the International Year of Light, the Society of Light and Lighting (SLL) and the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) came together to celebrate – and illuminate – some of Britain’s iconic heritage locations.

The Night of Heritage Light on 1 October saw UNESCO World Heritage sites across the country being stunningly illuminated.

A total of 10 sites were lit up, with a team of lighting designers starting at William the Conqueror’s Tower of London and working their way up and down the country as the natural light faded.

Other heritage sites illuminated included Edinburgh Old and New Towns, Fountains Abbey in Ripon, North Yorkshire, Liverpool Maritime and docks, Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire, Blenheim Palace, the town of Blaenavon in south Wales, southern England’s Jurassic Coast and the Giant’s Causeway in Antrim.

SLL president Liz Peck said the planning and co-ordination required to get the event off the ground – and to illuminate so many sites in one go – had been ‘absolutely epic’.

More than 1,000 fittings were used, and some 100 designers, engineers and electricians were involved in the events across the 10 sites.

Liz Peck added: ‘By combining light with some of the UK’s most beautiful sights, we can capture the public’s attention in a way that showcases the best that the lighting industry has to offer.

‘It’s about inspiring the next generation of minds to make the great breakthroughs in lighting by thinking big and realising the industry’s potential.’

The response from lighting professionals and the public was also hugely positive, with comments on social media calling the event ‘amazing’ and ‘inspiring’.

The hashtag #NOHL created 3.3 million Twitter ‘impressions’ globally, and 47% of these led to interactions such as retweets, favouriting and opening.

A total of five million people also watched a four-minute TV segment on the event broadcast on BBC1’s The One Show.

See over for more images from the Night of Heritage Light or go to www.nohl-sll.org/

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

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International Year of Light

4

1. Fountains Abbey – photography: George Hodlin 2. Blaenavon Castle – photography: Kenton Simons Story 3. Jurrasic Coast – photography: Mike Massaro 4. Blenheim – photography: Matthew Hicks 5. Iron Bridge – photography: Jaxx Shepherd 6, Edinburgh – photography: Robert Galloway

1

The planning and coordination required to get the event off the ground and to illuminate so many sites in one go has been ‘absolutely epic’

5

Liz Peck

2

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

6

3

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Integrated lighting and technology

POWER TO THE PEOPLE PoE, Li-Fi, VLC, IoT… it’s time to get up to speed with the new lighting revolution (and a whole new load of acronyms) as ‘Big Data’ hits the industry. Andrew Brister looks into an increasingly technologically-integrated future

H

ow are your IT skills? It might be time to brush up on your infrastructure knowledge as the lighting and IT worlds move ever closer.

Indeed, the market metric for the big lighting manufacturers has shifted from dollars per lamp to dollars per lux and now on to dollars per bit – the same metric used by the likes of Google.

So what technology is emerging in this brave new world? Perhaps the best known example of the new breed is using Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology to create a connected lighting solution.

Philips is one manufacturer currently promoting this approach. As luminaires

receive both data and power over a single Ethernet connection, typically a Cat 5 cable, there is no need for expensive electrical wiring, reducing installation costs by at least 25%, says Philips, and slashing installation times by 50%.

The big attraction for occupiers goes beyond the upfront installation savings. For example, at The Edge in Amsterdam, the first office building in the world to be equipped with Philips’ PoE technology, each luminaire includes four sensors: one each for detecting light levels, temperature and occupancy (a motion sensor), plus an infrared sensor that serves as emergency control in the event of a power failure.

The system is able to provide facilities managers with an integrated view of a building’s occupancy patterns and energy usage. This enables more informed decision-making with improved levels of energy and operational efficiency. The Edge is the result of a partnership between OVG Real Estate, Philips and the main tenant Deloitte, and is owned by Deka Immobilien Investment.

‘On top of the energy savings, we

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

will get a tremendous insight into how the building is being used from Philips’ connected lighting system. We can actually use the data from the sensors to understand how our people use the building, and how intensively,’ says Erik Ubels, chief information officer at Deloitte in The Netherlands.

‘For instance, it will help us focus cleaning on the rooms that really need it, thus optimising costs – a room used the whole day for a large meeting with lunch and coffee requires a different level of cleaning than one used for two hours by two people,’ he adds.

PERSONAL CONTROL Philips’ system also allows office users at The Edge to set the lighting and temperature to suit their personal preferences via an app on their smartphone. Their smartphones will detect their location from overhead lighting fixtures via the app.

‘The LED lighting alone is 80% more efficient than conventional lighting.

Personal control of the lighting by employees actually increases efficiency, as general lighting levels can be kept lower,’ says Jeff Cassis from Philips Lighting. ‘The potential savings on

Integrated lighting and technology

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The Edge in Amsterdam: first office building in the world to be equipped with Philips Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology

a building’s operational costs will be significant, given that heating, cooling and lighting together account for 70% of a building’s energy usage.’

The fixtures, fitted with wireless communications devices, form a dense indoor positioning grid, like an indoor GPS, that support a range of locationbased services, such as wayfinding.

Through the app, the system could also provide workers with useful information such as the nearest empty meeting room.

‘Innovation is our top priority at Deloitte and we want to create a more intuitive, comfortable and productive environment for our staff. We also see our office raising the bar in data analytics with completely new insights in the use of office space, leading the way for offices to reduce the CO2 footprint of buildings and create a more sustainable world,’ says Erik Ubels.

WI-FI, LI-FI AND VLC The digitisation of the ceiling doesn’t stop with PoE applications. The rise and rise of LED technology opens up the intriguing option of using luminaires to transmit data that can be used in a similar way to Wi-Fi. People are starting to get very excited about visible light communication (VLC) and Li-Fi. VLC is the use of the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit information. This is in contrast to established forms of wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, which use traditional radio frequency (RF) signals to transmit data. Philips has been using VLC technology in a number of applications, including within the retail sector (see Carrefour case study on page 14). Li-Fi is VLC technology that delivers a high speed, bi-directional, networked and mobile wireless communications in a similar manner to Wi-Fi.

The rise of LED technology opens up the option of using luminaires to transmit data

Li-Flame: a commercial Li-Fi network system

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

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Integrated lighting and technology

Li-Fi can be used safely in X-ray zones or MRI rooms

Edinburgh-based pureLiFi is a pioneer in Li-Fi technology. ‘There are four major advantages when using Li-Fi: security, safety and bandwidth,’ says Professor Harald Haas, co-founder and chief scientific officer at pureLiFi. ‘As light does not penetrate opaque materials, the signal can be confined and restricted, which improves security.

Also, there is no EMC interference, so you can use Li-Fi safely where Wi-Fi cannot be used, for example in hospitals, in X-ray zones or MRI rooms.’

The visible light spectrum is 10,000 times greater than the RF spectrum used in Wi-Fi, and Li-Fi can achieve about 1,000 times the data density of Wi-Fi because visible light can be well contained in a tight illumination area, whereas RF tends to spread out and cause interference.

‘Indeed, research has shown that Li-Fi and Wi-Fi complement each other – the more Li-Fi capacity we have, the more Wi-Fi capacity becomes available for other users,’ says Professor Haas. pureLiFi is, understandably, tightlipped about some of the clients installing its technology, but the system has been trialled at the Business Academy Bexley in south-east London, the University of Stirling, the University of Edinburgh and others.

The company, established in 2012 as a spin-off from the University of Edinburgh where its research into VLC has been in development since 2008, demonstrated a commercial Li-Fi network system, Li-Flame, this year at a technology show in Barcelona.

‘This is developing very quickly –

it’s just a question of maturity,’ says Nikola Serafimovski, pureLiFi’s director, product marketing. ‘My expectation is that this will be a widespread technology in a 24-month timeframe.’

SMART CITIES AND ‘THE INTERNET OF THINGS’ Outdoor lighting is not immune to the data revolution. The likes of Philips and Cisco are targeting the streetlight refurbishment market, where local authorities are busy upgrading older lamps to the latest LED technology to save energy and reduce electricity bills.

As with the indoor market, the technology lends itself to the world of Big Data and the ‘Internet of Things’ – why not use sensor technology on streetlights to monitor traffic congestion and air pollution? (See Solsun case study on page 14).

Not everyone, however, is enamoured with lighting being merged with Big Data. Dominic Meyrick, partner at Hoare Lea Lighting, argues that, while ideas such as PoE are great, the products available are still lacking.

‘I would like to see the quality of luminaires going into this technology made a whole lot better. I don’t see anything here other than energy management and control – what about mood and feeling and enjoyment of a space? I get very nervous about anything that takes away from the importance of lighting design,’ he says.

So, as the lighting giants increasingly target IT infrastructure professionals, should lighting designers be worried? ‘I’m lucky to

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

be in a profession where there is a high visual impact of my work. IT is in the background, it’s not the thing that should drive the choice of the luminaires. In my mind, there is lighting control and then there is luminaire and lighting design,’ says Dominic.

Mark Cooper, ILP past President and national sales manager (public realm) at iGuzzini UK, agrees. ‘Our only interest is in the luminaire, we don’t make controls. Yes, there is a big drive towards energy efficiency but it’s also important to make sure our buildings and public spaces are lit beautifully. I don’t see a big take-up in smart buildings at the moment – budget holders don’t see the value of it.’

Yet lighting designers and engineers do need to recognise this transformation is already real, already happening, even if it’s not yet part of the mainstream.

‘Lighting design and IT are not mutually exclusive; everything is merging,’ says pureLiFi’s Nikola Serafimovski. ‘The old days are numbered and lighting needs to find a way to fit in with the new market metrics – dollars per bit.’

This is a journey still in its infancy.

Yet already it is clear that Li-Fi, PoE, VLC, the Internet of Things and Big Data all pose new challenges for the lighting industry, but also potentially offer significant opportunities.

Given that Aldous Huxley’s 1931 novel Brave New World was a flawed, dystopian vision of the future, it’s a moot point whether we should couch this technological revolution in quite the same terms. But a revolution it certainly is, and it’s coming.

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Integrated lighting and technology

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY FRENCH CONNECTION The refurbished Carrefour hypermarket in Lille, France has replaced its fluorescent lighting with 2.5 km of Philips LED lighting that uses light to transmit a location signal to a shopper’s smartphone, triggering an app to provide location-based services. The system enables Carrefour to provide new services to its customers, such as helping shoppers to navigate and find promotions across the 7,800sq m shop floor. In addition, the LED lighting will slash electricity bills by 50%.

Philips indoor positioning system consists of LED fixtures, a Cloud-based location database and a Philips software development kit upon which customers can build their mobile interaction platform.

The system in operation at the Carrefour hypermarket comprises 800 linear LED fixtures that use VLC technology to transmit a unique code through light that is undetectable to the human eye, but can be simply detected with a smartphone camera without the need for any additional accessories. As part of the installation, the Philips software and Cloud-based location database has been integrated into Carrefour’s mobile app.

‘We are leading the way with connected lighting for retail with Carrefour,’ comments Gerben van der Lugt, head of LED-based indoor positioning at Philips Lighting. ‘Our connected lighting system has the potential to transform shopping into a more interactive and personalised experience. At the same time it will enable retailers to differentiate themselves, enhance customer loyalty and provide new services to shoppers.’

1 Supermarket lighting acts as an indoor positioning grid

4

Now location aware the mobile app delivers locationbased promotions to the shopper

2 Each Phillips light fixture sends a unique identification code using Visible Light Communication (VLC)

How the Philips indoor positioning system works Carrefour: using light to transmit a location signal to a shopper’s smartphone

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

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The mobile phone camera detects the code in the light and identifies its location

SOLSUN SHINES IN BUDAPEST As highlighted in the October edition of Lighting Journal, Norfolk-based EnLight is currently undertaking a two-year project with the City of Budapest called SOLSUN – the Sustainable Outdoor Lighting and Sensory Urban Network.

SOLSUN uses streetlighting control systems to provide connectivity for smart city applications. Using EnLight technology installed within existing streetlighting and the deployment of networked sensors to monitor the chosen urban environment, SOLSUN aims to demonstrate how an intelligent city infrastructure can be created in a cost effective and sustainable way.

Technology will be installed to reduce energy consumption at the same time as turning streetlights into nodes on a scalable network that is also expandable for other applications. Sensors will capture data on air pollution, noise pollution and traffic density; information gathered will be used to address traffic congestion, another key contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in cities.

‘SOLSUN will demonstrate technology that enables cities to reduce CO2 emissions from lighting by between 30% and 50%, and improve the way their city operates, without incurring prohibitively high infrastructure costs,’ says David Aarons, chief technology officer at EnLight. ‘By allowing developers of connected devices to tap into the wireless infrastructure, and software developers to access data to build new apps and services, the technology also has the potential to become an enabler for the smart cities market.’

Integrated lighting and amBX

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CONNECTED THINKING T

he advent of connected lighting means that Power over Ethernet (PoE) lighting systems will become ever-more commonplace in the next few years, in much the same way as VoIP already has in telephony.

Network-connected lighting control will mean lighting systems become much quicker and easier to install and faster and richer in configuration. Connected lighting also has the potential to lead to lower installation costs and a lower total cost of ownership.

Philips and Cisco, for example, have both seen a 50% reduction in installation costs for internet-based connected lighting systems, compared with conventional AC powered systems.

The development of connected lighting through Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology is an opportunity to deliver evermore sophisticated lighting experiences, argues John Niebel, chief executive of PoE software firm amBX

is a reduction in the number of cables needed to install and power a lighting system; it also becomes vastly easier to maintain and adjust than a conventional wired system.

This new way of controlling lighting is now possible, one that breaks the ‘if this, then that’ programming model. It is a new paradigm in control that ensures that the optimum desired output is always achieved.

CABLE INNOVATION This has all developed because standard network cables can now be used to power LED lights. It means power can be provided through the same Ethernet cables that would already be in place to run a building’s IT network.

This, in turn, opens up a whole new world of possibilities.

Although such cables were designed to carry data, the availability of up to 60W of power over Ethernet cables means there will be a migration of lighting in commercial buildings to data networks for both power and control. Another consequence of this

RICHER EXPERIENCES We characterise this new way of doing things as ‘better, faster and cheaper’.

Often when discussing such changes in technology it is possible to have any two of these elements but not all three.

With connected lighting and our control software we argue it is possible to achieve all three at the same time.

This shift will not only deliver highperformance lighting control using a building’s Ethernet network and remove the need for costly wiring and complex technical interfaces. It will at the same time enable richer lighting experiences to be easily implemented.

Our own software, for example, is ‘platform agnostic’ and can be used with PoE systems, wirelessly, with PLC or using existing control protocol options.

This allows the possibility of seamlessly controlling old and new technology at the same time.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

16

Integrated lighting and amBX

The energy-saving performance of LED lighting has been well documented.

But this new control technology offers benefits beyond merely saving money and delivering green lighting.

BIO-ADAPTIVE LIGHTING This new software will also enable building owners to use richer, bioadaptive lighting in new ways to create healthier, more productive workspaces and environments. This will, in turn, lead to better human-centric lighting at desks, in meeting rooms and public spaces in terms of intensity and colour changes.

The impact of lighting on human performance and wellbeing is becoming widely understood, and new systems like these will be able to deliver more appropriate lighting.

Bio-adaptive lighting provides artificial light controlled in such a way as to match the needs of human biological cycles or circadian rhythms in the most effective and appropriate way.

It supports improved health and wellbeing and aspects of human behaviour that benefit from varied and changeable lighting. The software can also be combined with daylight harvesting systems.

It will deliver better integration of lighting with other systems. Improved use of sensors will provide better lighting control for optimal light settings and energy usage.

The technology is proven. For example, we have provided the software that runs one of the world’s first fully PoE powered and controlled office spaces at the University of Strathclyde’s Technical Innovation Centre as part of Cisco’s Light as a Service (LaaS) initiative.

LIGHTING CONTROL Complex programming has long been the Achilles heel of lighting control.

This technology works simply, by controlling the lighting in a single space or multiple spaces based around enduser needs.The system software is able to take account of environmental factors such as levels of daylight, time of day, temperature, whether the space is in use or not and any other measureable parameter.

From there it can produce, in real time, the best implementation possible of the desired outcome using the light fittings available. In effect, the software produces the perfect virtual implementation of the desired outcome and then projects the best representation possible of that in the real world using the lighting available.

amBX system: richer configuration

The software controls the lighting experience using the lighting devices available and works with a very wide range of lighting control protocols for maximum compatibility. Different types of light and different lighting control standards can be harmonised to deliver the desired experience via amBX Light-Scenes.

Because this is software, the outcomes – dynamic or static light-scenes – it produces are scalable. Similar light scenes can be applied to a few lights, tens of lights or even hundreds or thousands of lights – we argue no other lighting control system is able to do this. And, of course, this ability to scale is fundamental to saving commissioning time.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

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18

Integrated lighting and technology

THE SHIPPING NEWS Could shipping containers be one solution to London’s, and the UK’s, affordable housing crisis? Nic Paton looks at how a prototype has combined low-cost energy saving solutions with a cutting-edge, Open Source-based lighting system

B

ack in September housing minister Brandon Lewis said the UK should aspire to build one million homes by 2020. As he told the BBC’s Inside Out programme: ‘What we’ve got to do is make sure we’re building the right homes for the right tenures, whether it’s shared ownership, outright ownership, private rented sector, affordable housing.

By the end of this Parliament, success I think would mean that we have seen a build in total of something like a million homes. That would be success and that is what we need to work towards.’

A laudable ambition. Yet an investigation by the same BBC programme concluded that between 2011 and 2014 only around 460,000 new homes have been built,

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

highlighting the scale of the challenge around housing stock, let alone affordable housing. The National Housing Federation has also calculated that in London alone the housing shortfall is set to top 700,000 homes by 2030.

There are, of course, no easy or straightforward answers to a problem of this scale and complexity. But one innovative approach was highlighted at the London Design Festival in September: the use of specially adapted shipping containers as a model for how under-used brownfield sites could be used as a location for prefabricated, adaptable spaces suitable for modern urban living.

The prototype, branded ‘A New House for London’ was designed by Arup, Carl Turner Architects and The Building Centre, with support from CBMM. At just a fifth of the cost of the average London house – £25,000 – it is certainly a thought-provoking solution.

LOW VOLTAGE DC NETWORK From the perspective of the lighting professional its interest also lies in the innovative approach it has taken to lighting the container, notably through the use of a low voltage DC energy network, Open Source voice-activated technology and ‘smart’ capacitive sensing to create a hugely adaptive, intuitive lighting environment.

Integrated lighting and technology

‘There has been a lot of talk, especially within the design community, about the housing crisis, the lack of access to affordable housing, within London especially, but also more widely around the UK. We see this sort of concept as one possible solution,’ explains Francesco Anselmo, senior lighting designer at Arup.

‘One of the beauties of this concept is that you can move it around easily; it can be placed on a piece of land or hired out temporarily. And that can help with the issue of land affordability, which is another element of this whole agenda.’

The fact the unit costs just £25,000 means it could feasibly be financed by a loan rather than a mortgage, he points out, with the lighting system deliberately matched to the £25,000 budget. The modularity of the unit means, as a concept, it is highly flexible, being able to be moved or added to as required. The interior use of space is also designed to be highly flexible.

‘One of the key elements of the design is that the space can be sub-divided. One container is used for the kitchen/ dining/living space and one is used as a bedroom/working space. Then an additional small container works as a bathroom, toilet and shower area,’ explains Francesco.

‘The idea in the main spaces is that they can be used for more than one activity. So the kitchen table can double up

19

The container exterior (left) and interior: an affordable, flexible, modular housing solution

as a work space when it is not being used for cooking, or the dining area can be moved around to create a living area and so on.

‘Essentially, by creating very flexible spaces you double the amount of space available; it is a very adaptable environment. Each container is 15sq m – so it is a 30sq m footprint overall – by using the space in this way, by making each element of the space work in more than one way, you can effectively achieve 60sq m of functional space.

‘For example, the bedroom is designed to include sliding furniture along with a sliding shelving and storage system for clothing, as well as a retractable bed. So it is possible to move the furniture to create a completely new space,

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

20

Integrated lighting and technology changing to warm lighting by the evening,’ he adds.

‘When it came to the controls, we originally wanted to have a simple way to trigger changes in the lighting when you moved the furniture around, but we did not have time to implement that. But the lighting being LED did offer us the possibility of ensuring the whole system could be based around low voltage DC. ‘Having a low voltage DC output linking directly to the lighting system helps with energy saving. There is an energy storage system supplying 24V DC (supplied by Moixa Energy) with a bicycle power generator. But it also makes for a much more flexible environment where it is possible to tweak things or make changes more easily.

‘Obviously, traditionally, everything in a house is hardwired in; if you want to change anything AC is quite dangerous to manage and you need to have electricianapproved installation and so on. So being able to change things without needing to call out an electrician is an attractive alternative. With this control you just have a programmable switch that you can control yourself,’ continues Francesco.

The Arduino Yun microcontroller has been incorporated into the plywood board, and icons put on the wall

perhaps for working in or some other activity, during the day.

It is all about freeing and adapting space.

‘That accommodation has had to, of course, feed into the lighting. The lighting system has been designed to follow, and adjust to, the different activities that will be being carried out at different times in the various spaces.

‘Another issue is the fact that the height is quite low, so there has been an emphasis on miniaturisation,’ Francesco adds.

TUNEABLE LINEAR WHITE LEDS The lighting system is based around tuneable linear white LED luminaires throughout with 6LoWPAN 24V drivers and a light server exposing a RESTful API Halcyon from PhotonSTAR, ensuring lights are easy to position for whatever task is required.

‘The controls can adapt to whether the space is being used for, say, bedroom conditions or working conditions, with the light levels either gradually rising or diminishing as well as adaptability around where the light is positioned and how the light is delivered,’ explains Francesco.

‘When you are cooking in the kitchen space you want strong lighting that is above you so you can see what you are doing and what you are eating. But then when you move to another part of the container you can change the lighting to a more playful mode with more coloured light.

‘The spectrum can change. The modular linear lighting is designed to be on a warm spectrum but then be able to change to a cool spectrum; and you can mix between the two. You can mix between the various colours, changing the lighting dynamically throughout the day. So, for example, you can have cool lighting when you wake up, gradually

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

CAPACITIVE SENSING The RESTful API utilises an Open Source web-based control interface for home automation, while capacitive sensing touch interaction on the wall surfaces comes through an Arduino Yun microcontroller.

‘We created a system whereby every single LED driver has its own IP address, a bit like its own internet, so you have a completely programmable lighting system using the internet. The RESTful API links to the Open Source control system so you can create a user interface through your smartphone or voice activation. You can, essentially, speak to your house, give it commands that will change the lighting accordingly,’ explains Francesco.

‘Since we did not have any DC switch we had to create one of our own, which is how the touch interaction interface on the wall surfaces came about. Within the container the Arduino Yun microcontroller has been incorporated into the plywood board, and icons have been put on the wall that use copper tape wiring and Wi-Fi capability,’ he adds.

One of the lessons that Franceso argues he – and therefore potentially other lighting professionals – can take away from a prototype such as this is that using energysaving technology does not automatically mean having to sacrifice user experience.

‘What’s more, this sort of technology could be very applicable to other environments too – for example for anyone living on a boat or just for people who want to slash their energy consumption. This uses less than a third of the energy that you might expect with a traditional lighting system.

‘Another really important element is being able to show the value of not illuminating the whole room; you’re creating mood and the light is following you around the environment and adapting to how it you’re using that space,’ he explains.

More widely, Francesco hopes it will prompt debate around the sort of creative, innovative thinking likely to be required around housing and affordable housing – from builders, architects, designers, lighting professionals and, of course, politicians – in the future.

As he puts it: ‘A container like this could be a permanent installation or it could be something that you shift and transport around. Certainly we appreciate this sort of solution is provocative; so it is also about sparking debate and discussion.’

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Features for Jan 2016 Issue Smart cities

The smart cities agenda is breath-taking in its scope, ambition and potential. But for lighting engineers and designers there are a whole host of practical challenges and problems that still need answering

Apprenticeships W

hat is the government’s likely to mean for the pr apprenticeship ‘levy’ ofes ‘trailblazer’ agenda all go sion, and why has the ne so quiet?

Energy efficiency

ies, posed by The challenges, and opportunit the LEDs revolution

22

Light, sight and perception

OPEN YOUR EYES Optician Ian Jordan’s speech and workshop was one of the talking points of the ILP Professional Lighting Summit in September.

He outlines how the symptoms of conditions such as Parkinson’s, MS, dyslexia and autism, among others, can often be significantly improved just by changing the lighting

J

ust imagine it, a child turns to its mother and says: ‘Mum – your eyes are on your cheeks! And you frighten me!’

What does the mother do? She, naturally, takes the child to the optometrist who has a responsibility of vision care for the child. Unfortunately the training of the optometrist is unlikely to equip them to deal with this problem and, if it is beyond their capabilities, they should refer for further investigation.

The child is likely to end up at a psychiatrist – hallucinations, after all, need medication or therapy. Or do they?

MODIFYING THE LIGHT SOURCE Could it in fact be that the child has been dealing with inappropriate stimulation (lighting), which has produced these unpleasant symptoms and, by modifying the light source or by wearing a filter, the problem can be immediately rectified?

The answer, surprisingly, is usually ‘yes’. Inappropriate lighting can cause major physical, cognitive and perceptual difficulties – yet this is generally not understood, even by the optical professionals.

What’s more, dealing with these difficulties can be relatively simple: change the light source, the task or utilise a tinted lens and the symptoms will immediately disappear.

It is therefore essential that, when dealing with stimulus, professionals are aware of and can respond effectively to the potential difficulties in the design of lighting systems, the environment and the task set. Physiological and cognitive responses must also be considered. It is just not good enough just to work to standards that do not take into account the person. Physics is just too simplistic.

There are a number of primary responses to inappropriate stimulation – and these can be of great importance in lighting design. They include: • Clarity of vision – this can vary wildly depending on lighting.

• Chromatic aberration within the eye – this can make a massive difference in acuity and change the refraction significantly. This has major effects on night driving.

• Movement (direction and proximity) detection and speed detection.

Again this is critical in driving.

• Visual fields can change significantly – which may affect

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

accident risk, both during the day (for example at roundabouts) and at dusk or at night. Motorway roadworks may become more dangerous depending on how the lighting is configured.

• Control of eye movement can be changed – this affects reading, sporting performance and driving.

• Focusing ability can be modified – critical in education, often a cause of educational underachievement.

• Three-dimensional vision and special awareness can be modified – which affects safety.

These are the most basic primary effects – there are many more.

Secondary effects are much more complex and can have just as great an effect. For example, what is known as ‘the Pulfrich effect’ is a well-known phenomenon in which speed of visual processing is modified as a result of stimulus modification.

It can cause real dangers and significant effects. These effects include praxis problems (where visual control of movement is desynchronised with movement), which causes clumsiness and falls. A further common variation of

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Light, sight and perception

NO GLASSES

GLASSES

An illustration of changes in brain arousal using colour. With thanks to Professor Y Kropitov and Dr B Steffer

this timing problem is where lip synch (visual awareness of mouth movement timing with perceived speech) is mistimed, and the resulting effects include mishearing of sounds (what is called ‘the McGurk effect’) which has significant effects in the classroom.

HEARING AS WELL AS SIGHT So, the wrong lighting can make the hearing of a child appear to be unsatisfactory. Feedback integration – that is the visual awareness of movement that it has directed – is almost always affected. This may make the body of an individual appear to be in the wrong place and learnt responses may become aberrant. It can be a devastating effect when it is extreme.

Secondary misintegration effects are numerous. They can involve all the senses. Effects vary wildly and are idiosyncratic. They include: • Vision/taste effects – food changes taste in the mouth depending on lighting.

• Vision/smell effects – smells may change intensity or odour depending on lighting.

• Vision/touch – there are numerous changes possible from timing to mapping modifications.

• Vision/balance – balance and posture are affected in some people – occasionally to marked levels.

• Vision/texture – clothing and food texture may be affected.

• Vision/temperature control – perceived hot and cold can be affected.

• Vision/pressure recognition – light and deep pressure interpretation may be modified – including weight interpretation.

• Vision/movement control – gait and direction may be changed.

• Vision/pain.

• Vision/strength – significant changes in physical strength and endurance can be seen.

Medical effects can be profound, particularly in neurological conditions, but little research has been done to date. Conditions such as Parkinson’s, MS, ME and dystonia may respond to changes in lighting in such a way as to reduce symptoms significantly, but as far as we are aware the underlying condition is unaffected. Tinnitus also responds well and even appears to

Patients are checked to determined which are the optimum colours for their vision and perception

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

LED for everyone Aura Light EASY S election

26

Light, sight and perception

Inappropriate lighting can cause major physical, cognitive and perceptual difficulties – metamorphosis of images in autism is common

stop in around a half of people. Further research on this is currently underway.

It stands to reason the educational effects of all this can be huge. Dyslexia (difficulties with words and language), dyspraxia (difficulties with planning and execution of movement), dyscalculia (difficulties with numbers) usually have a visual processing component. Modify the stimulus – such as the lighting – and you can modify the condition.

In other words, it is possible to provoke educational difficulties with inappropriate lighting and stop educational problems when it is optimised. The cost of not recognising this and failing to address it is enormous.

SPORTING PERFORMANCE Another area not to be underestimated is the effect of lighting on sporting performance. These effects range from improving a large number of athletes’ performances with good lighting, to making them worse when lighting is not ideal, particularly when indoors.

Speed of reaction, strength, endurance, spatial awareness, balance, posture and hand-eye coordination can be modified in both positive and negative ways. Visual fields can be

widened and concentration can be improved. In élite sport the effects may be small, but these are the differences between winning and being an also-ran.

However, the most extreme effects are often seen in people with autistic spectrum disorders. Those on the spectrum may be unable even to see their own face in a mirror – yet they can also see the bottom line of the eye test chart.

Distortions are common and metamorphosis of image can be seen. It is not uncommon for faces to appear to change to various animals, circles or squares. This can cause severe emotional stress and difficulties with communication. The world may to become striped or blurred at the periphery, three-dimensional objects may appear to be two-dimensional and ‘the Alice in Wonderland effect’ (where objects change size) is common.

Synesthesia (where one sense becomes interpreted as another) is found in significant numbers. So a problem with smell could actually be a visual problem!

There are likely to be over 200 effects of visual stimulus – yet they are generally ignored and except in rare cases they are not managed.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

There are two options for management. First you can look to prevent the problem. Here, a lighting professional’s expertise can be critical.

Second, you can look to alleviate the problem using filters; and in this case it’s often more the specific knowledge an optical professional can bring to the problem is crucial.

But what is very clear is the extent – largely unknown and unrecognised by both lighting and optical professionals – to which lighting can affect a whole host of conditions, and in turn the critical role that adjusting or changing light can have in this context. I therefore believe both professions need to work together much more.

With a bit of luck, if we can do this, the lives of many people can be enhanced. Of course, further training may be required for those that specialise in these areas, particularly in special needs, sports and education.

But, to me at least, the future is bright.

Ian Jordan runs Jordans Opticians in Ayr, an optical practice that specialises in people on the autistic spectrum as well as those suffering from dyslexia, dyspraxia and dyscalculia or who have complex visual problems.

28

Urban lighting

OUT OF THE DARK

An east London estate has become a less fearful place at night thanks to a simple, sustainable lighting installation, explains Tom Jarvis

Pitch perfect: Tom Jarvis and Paviom’s Tubelite lighting for an urban football pitch, showing the Tubelite in place of the normal scaffolds

F

rom the lack of stars in our night skies, it is only too clear cities throughout the UK are awash with manmade light. Moreover, despite virtually every street now having some form of illumination, the distribution of this light is not evenly spread. What is less obvious is the changes this can trigger in our perception of an area or community.

Imagine walking from a shopping centre in the heart of a capital city to a poorly-lit residential area, and consider the unease and preconceptions this can awaken within you as you pass through numerous dark and unfamiliar paths. This was the key notion behind my project ‘In the Shade’.

Long before I began my research, I carried these ideas in the back of my mind as I walked through the streets of London and observed the variation in light distribution. My daily trek would take me to the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design at the Royal College of Art, where I worked as a research associate.

Whilst at the centre, I was fortunate enough to be assigned to a project with architect Megan Charley, with the aim of exploring new ways to provide a better solution for lighting in urban communities and defeat this ‘fear’ of the dark.

Like so many innovations, reality hits hard and pushes back with costs and energy concerns. Therefore, I knew whatever ideas I came up with had to be sustainable, practical and cost-effective Despite the fact that, given the financial climate, I knew I was faced with the very real possibility any innovations could be shot down, I went forward with my research by investigating east London’s historic Boundary Estate.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

COMMUNITY TENSIONS As London’s first social housing estate, built on the foundations of a slum, the area has a bustling economy and an active community. Despite this, some tensions exist between certain groups, tensions that were exacerbated by poor or entirely absent lighting when dusk fell. I recognised it was the perfect venue to explore options for lighting improvement.

My first step was to approach the community directly by hosting workshops and asking residents to illustrate the area as they perceived it during the day, then as they perceived it after nightfall. From this, a map of problem areas could be drawn up. What surprised me was to find that the divisions within the community clearly drawn out on the ‘day’ maps were accentuated on the ‘night’ ones.

Another point became clear. It was not quantity of light that was the issue, it was a matter of quality. Even where lighting was abundant, problems still persisted. Many of the residents who came to the workshop stated that their lighting columns were over-powering or ‘too bright’. Their effect was to cover huge areas in stark shadows, bringing back that perception of fear and unease that utterly disappeared during the day.

Spurred on by this invaluable neighbourhood insight, I proposed a lighting strategy named the ‘Night-Time Neighbourhood Network’. This is where chains of streetlamps would be dimmed and re-arranged to improve the lighting conditions on travel paths.

Secondly, areas deemed to be ‘social nodes’ (in other words bus stops, benches, playgrounds and so on) would

Urban lighting

29

have brighter lighting to create a ‘skeleton’ of alternating light, accentuating areas where the community might gather.

The strategy was tested in a large night-time event that had a huge turnout from the community and resulted in great feedback from all who took part. Numerous residents came together and discovered that their home – their neighbourhood – did not have to be the scary place they had come to accept. Even intimidating-looking teenagers mingled amongst elderly strangers, two groups whose usual contact was to avoid each other or clash over the volume of an Xbox.

GROUND-LEVEL SOLUTION The success of this strategy made me even more determined to make a real and permanent change, and I wanted to do this through a second stage of the project – creating innovative lighting solutions right at the heart of the community, in essence creating a microcosm of the Night-Time Neighbourhood Network on the ground and at ground level.

My idea for this had come in a moment of inspiration as I was cycling over to the Boundary Estate to have a look at the area in more detail and trying to think of what it was I could do that would work as a practical solution. When I arrived, I tied my bike up and sat on a bench, in a garden overlooking a playground. Suddenly I thought: ‘Why build a light next to a bench, when you can build one into it?’

This, in turn, led me to look afresh at the whole area and to think back to the successful night-time event that been held. As I thought about this and went around the community, Design concepts for what would eventually become the Tubelite system I noticed that most of the ‘social nodes’, including the benches, bus stops, playground fixtures and bike rack, were all made of steel tubes. These tubes were also joined with a system of clamps, which made for easy assembly without the need to weld or bend the tubes.

How simple an answer it was! Local councils have been using steel tubes and clamps to build community fixtures for decades. To have these fixtures illuminate their surroundings without compromising the structure or ease-of-assembly seemed, to me, like the perfect practical tool for a groundlevel Night-Time Neighbourhood Network.

LED SCAFFOLDING TUBE But an idea, of course, is not a solution by itself. The next stage was to develop a prototype, which I did – the Tubelite system prototype – a simple scaffolding tube with an LED light strip inserted, just as useable as any other scaffolding tube.

I presented this prototype and my research to the local council, who agreed to commission a lighting installation for a disused concrete sports pitch on the estate, a location that had previously only served as a ‘social node’ for street drinkers, prostitutes and drug dealers.

The reaction to the installation has been incredible.

Games now frequently take place on the pitch, with parents coming down from their flats to watch their kids play. Outside of the immediate area, residents are thankful for lighting that illuminates the darkness without overpowering their senses, as they had found with the usual streetlamps.

I was also privileged to be able to outline my tubular lighting concept and present my research findings at the ILP’s Professional Lighting Summit in September. This was important because, although the feedback from the community had been fantastic, up to now the project has been mainly an academic one. Therefore, to be able to have it interrogated by industry experts was a great opportunity.

The reaction, too, was really positive, with the consensus

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

30

Urban lighting

What surprised me was to find that the divisions within the community clearly drawn out on the ‘day’ maps were accentuated on the ‘night’ ones

One of the maps from the illustration workshop

being that this has the potential at least to work as genuine solution to public realm lighting. As Iain Ruxton, design associate of Speirs + Major, told me: ‘I very much like the simplicity of the product you have created – versatile, resilient, cost-effective and absolutely usable.’

So, what happens now? At a practical level the next stage of the project is turning all this into a commercial product. This is already underway as the Tubelite is now available from lighting manufacturer Paviom (www.paviom.com), my industry partner for In the Shade – and they are now taking orders! I am very grateful to the Megaman Charity Trust Fund in Hong Kong for funding the research project in 2012, and especially to Paviom in the UK for its work in bringing the Tubelite to the market.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

I also hope In the Shade was only the beginning in a wider sense. My hope – my ambition – is that in time the Tubelite tubular lighting concept will become a useful addition to the lighting designer’s toolkit when lighting urban areas.

Even more than that, I hope the Tubelite will help communities to banish their ‘dark fears’; that it can help to change how communities view each other, how they interact and cohere.

My ambition is to bring communities closer together – physically, socially and culturally – through simple, sustainable and practical lighting solutions and lighting design.

Tom Jarvis is an industrial designer and co-founder of design firm Original Breed

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Future concept

QUANTUM LEAP Scientists at Oregon State University are working on the next generation of quantum dot-based solid-state LEDs, by developing a manufacturing process that bypasses toxic elements and results in lower production costs

Q

uantum dot technology has long promised to usher in a ‘new generation’ of solidstate LED lighting. It’s also technology currently being pushed hard by academics around the world.

Back in the summer, for example, researchers at the University of Hiroshima in Japan announced they had used silicon-based quantum dots to fabricate a hybrid white-blue electroluminescence LED. Now a team from Oregon State University has announced it has developed a continuous-flow microwave-assisted manufacturing process that combines lower costs with reduced energy and waste and the need for fewer toxic materials, potentially making these types of LEDs an increasingly attractive commercial proposition.

The science behind quantum dots is complex but essentially they are nanoparticles used to emit light. By controlling the size of the particle, the colour of the light can in turn be controlled. But one of the common complaints about quantum dot-based LEDs has been that they can be expensive and often lack optimal colour control.

Then there has also been the fact much of the quantum dot LED

lighting currently being produced on an industrial scale uses cadmium selenide, which is highly toxic. This has been one of the areas where the team at Oregon State University team has been focusing on coming up with new processes and solutions, in its case using copper indium disulfide instead of cadmium selenide.

‘Cadmium selenide is a toxic heavy metal and so, naturally, there is a strong desire to move away from using it to something more benign. Copper indium disulfide offers that and we have shown has a high photoluminescence conversion efficiency,’ explains Greg Herman, a professor of chemical engineering in the OSU College of Engineering.

‘Up to now a lot of the work that has been done on quantum dots has been based around cadmium selenide but the EU and Japan, understandably, both have restrictions on the amount of cadmium that can be used in commercial products.

Electronics manufacturers have found ways to exempt some products but the expectation is that, as time goes on, that this is only going to become more difficult. This is why there is now an increased focus on finding other quantum dots that do not use toxic materials,’ he adds.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

‘CONTINUOUS FLOW’ PRODUCTION Another area the Oregon team has focused on is the actual process of manufacture.

‘Typically, quantum dots are made using a batch based method; a bit like baking cookies,’ explains Professor Herman. ‘But with ours we use a “continuous flow” chemical synthesis, much more like a factory production line, as well as microwave heating technology. This means there is much less labour involved, there is less waste and, of course, a reduction in cost.

You also reduce the compositional and size gradients and have a much tighter process control on the synthesis.’

What this all means is that there is now a greater opportunity for manufacturers to be able to scale up to larger volumes for low-cost commercial applications, which in turn will provide new ways to offer the precision needed for better colour control, argues Professor Herman.

‘With quantum dots you are able to obtain very sharp photoluminescence spectra with excellent control of the emitting colour. Since the light emitted from quantum dots can be well controlled there is much interest in

Future concept applications such as interior lighting, where a much nicer colour gamut can be obtained,’ he explains.

‘Solid-state lighting is often not designed for internal applications due to the poor quality of light, so through the use of quantum dots one can improve the colour gamut coming out; you will be able to tune the lighting more specifically for consumer attributes, just like regular incandescent bulbs.

‘We may finally be able to produce low cost, energy efficient LED lighting with the soft quality of white light that people really want. At the same time, this technology will use non-toxic materials and dramatically reduce the waste of the materials that are used, which translates to lower cost and minimization of environmental impact.

‘I’d say we’re probably looking at a year to two years away from bringing cadmium-free quantum dot based products to the marketplace. But the fact that these are not toxic materials means that there is quite a strong push on developing these capabilities right now,’ Professor Herman adds.

33

With quantum dots you are able to obtain very sharp photoluminescence spectra with excellent control of the emitting colour. Since the light emitted from quantum dots can be well controlled there is much interest in applications such as interior lighting, where a much nicer colour gamut can be obtained

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Inside the ILP

September’s Professional Lighting Summit and AGM saw Elizabeth Thomas, public lighting manager at Walsall Council, become the ILP’s first female President. She outlines her vision while, below, outgoing President Mark Cooper makes his final remarks

I

am proud to stand here as your President Elect and the first female Fellow of the Institution.

My journey started in 1995 when I joined WRTL as a lighting designer.

John Rands, the then manager, saw my potential and signed me on to the exterior lighting course. Many of you will have been on those courses with me. I joined Walsall Council in 2002 and became public lighting manager, and where I am still working at this moment in time.

With the help of our PFI partners I was able to progress my career, learning on the job, and achieving my CEng and MILP. The council also encouraged and supported me in obtaining my Diploma in Leadership and Management through the Chartered Institute of Management.

I have been chair of the Midlands region; I was also the VP for Highways and Infrastructure when IDNOs were introduced and energy reforms were being debated.

I did not ever envisage I would be President of the Institution of Lighting Professionals; that my nomination would go for the ballot and that I would win. But here I am, proud to be your President.

The Institution recognises it has achieved a great deal but faces new challenges, and must address its longterm financial security. The challenge facing local government, the severe budget constraints in ensuring savings, is changing the street lighting industry; at the same time we always need to ensure British Standards and industry guidelines are kept to.

Sharing lessons learnt, business plans and financial models that have been successful in their implementation and incorporating smart cities are key things that perhaps the Institution will develop through its technical services.

As Mark outlines in more detail below, the Vice Presidential team is being restructured to help to continue

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

The Institution recognises it has achieved a great deal but faces new challenges, and must address its long-term financial security to meet the changing needs of our members and the industry. The Exterior Lighting Diploma is also undergoing a fundamental review to incorporate current topics and practices moving into the future.

‘My Career Path’ – our new resource that allows us to stream technical seminars online – is being launched to enable ease of recording CPD. We also plan to develop and implement a suite of new one-day training and roll out a programme of new events for members.

More widely I hope to focus more clearly on important lighting issues, expand our remit into wider aspects of infrastructure, develop training programmes for the lighting design community and produce relevant

Inside the ILP technical information for the lighting design community.

Additionally the Institution will continue to engage with the ILP regions to ensure relevance of technical programmes and enhance local networking. It will deploy a new

W

hen I became President I made a pledge to develop our educational offering throughout the year, and I am happy to say we are progressing well with this work – all our industry bodies have been working together over the past year to develop STEM workshops.

Our membership has increased again from last year, and following a strategic review meeting held in August the executive board published a strategic plan for the Institution, which outlines our objectives and goals.

This plan feeds into those of the Vice Presidents, and will inform the basis of their business plans and results-driven targets for the year.

One outcome of this review was the need to make changes in two of the Vice President’s remits in order to provide better focus in two crucial areas for us as we move forward.

We will be splitting the Highways and Infrastructure disciplines, which are currently combined under the H&I Vice President Alan Jaques. Alan will continue to pursue the Infrastructure part of this sector, looking to create new audiences, technical knowledge and education, in order to grow this important sector of the market.

We will create a new Vice President of Highways to focus on this allimportant area. I have asked Keith Henry to take over this role, which will

37

scheme for IALD company supporters, develop strategic alliances with key training and professional bodies and engage proactively with government departments.

Finally, I represent you the members.

I want to deliver whatever it is you

the members want, so I hope you will put in your requests by your regional councils, officers and your Presidents.

It’s not too late! I thank all of you members for believing in me, and I look forward to your communal support and participation. Thank you all.

focus on the Elexon, UMSUG codes, smart cities, and will co-ordinate on UK Lighting Board and ADEPT, amongst a range of other street light activities.

This has meant we’ve had a vacancy for Vice President, Technical, for which a recruitment and appointment process is being carried out during the autumn.

During my rounds of the regions, I spoke about the need to take the Institution and the industry from looking inwards to facing outwards, and to ensure the government is aware of us and making use of our resources as an industry.

This is happening, and we will continue to build upon this work while forming strategic industry relationships in order to further our objective of providing excellence in lighting through education and to become the voice of the industry.

I also spoke of my need for the Institution to continue to evolve to meet the changing needs of its members and the industry. To this end, we are investing in new technology to make recording of CPD easier for members, to provide online broadcasting of technical seminars and to ensure that we are providing better services for the members.

Finally I have to say some thank yous to those who have supported me over the last year. My employer iGuzzini Lighting, Richard Frost and the whole

team at Rugby, the Executive Board and especially Mark Johnson, who has been a great sounding board for me.

The Lighting Journal team and all the members of the editorial board, and of course my family.

It’s been an honour to have been a President of this Institution and something I feel immensely proud of achieving. To see the Institution grow and continue to grow and develop in the future will give me great pleasure.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

38

Inside the ILP

SCALING THE SUMMIT The ILP’s Professional Lighting Summit is, of course, a great place for members to share knowledge, listen to presentations and speak to manufacturers. But it – and events like it – can also be the perfect place for students to start developing their profile within, and knowledge of, the industry, as student Richard Newsham found out

I

was rummaging through endless internet pages for information on my dissertation topic. My dissertation is centred around the impacts of artificial light, and so therefore I stumbled upon the ILP website.

I quickly signed up as a student member to gain access to articles and data on the website. But then, looking through the website it was with some astonishment I discovered that this year’s ILP Professional Lighting Summit was being held just five minutes down the road from where I live, at the Queen Hotel in Chester.

Being just three days before the summit, I realised I was cutting it fine in asking if could come along, but the ILP team very kindly quickly issued me with an invitation. With no hesitation I accepted!

As I walked into the event hall all the ILP members I met were incredibly welcoming. I started off with a small tour of the workshops, led by Vice President Events Scott Pengelly, before entering the hall where the talks were taking place.

Scott was extremely helpful and polite. He not only gave me the opportunity to talk to him about my dissertation, he then introduced me to other ILP members who were able to help and provide guidance. Within minutes, attending the Summit had been incredibly beneficial to my dissertation and my personal/ professional networking!

IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING As a student at the University of Chester, I very much appreciate networking is crucial. I am forever hearing the phrase, ‘It’s not what you know, it’s who you know’. Networking is one way we students can get a step ahead of the competition. It also allows you to talk to professionals and gain a better understanding of careers within different industries.

The ILP Professional Lighting Summit gave me the best and easiest way to network. I was able to ask questions about careers in the lighting industry. I was also intrigued at the number of career opportunities within the lighting industry.

All the talks were intriguing, full of information and incredibly well presented. One presentation in particular I thoroughly enjoyed was ‘You look like a giraffe – it must be the lighting!’ by optician Ian Jordan, whose article following the Summit appears in this edition (pages 22-26).

I was particularly taken by his message that good lighting for one person may be catastrophic for others and how he was able to demonstrate that, with simple changes in light, many of his patients who could not see or only saw things distorted could see again. It was amazing to watch his footage of the children seeing for the first time; Ian truly inspired me and – I think – the majority of the room to look at light differently.

Another presentation that caught me was industrial designer Tom Jarvis’ talk on the work he is doing within innercities, which is again being highlighted in this edition (see pages 28-30). The way he was innovating a local lighting design from the ground up as well as working with and talking to his local community was hugely thought-provoking.

GREAT EXPERIENCE To me, these two talks in particular clearly highlighted the pace of development taking place within the lighting industry. Therefore from a dissertation point of view, this was perfection! Since coming to the Summit I have gained a greater focus for my dissertation. Many ILP members have also generously arranged for me to have interview-based discussions with them for my dissertation.

Conferences such as the ILP Professional Lighting Summit are a great experience for anyone who is interested (or even just slightly interested) in a career in lighting. You never know who you will meet, or even if the next person you shake hands with could end up

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

I walked away with

guidance about my future career and employability and a range of new professional contacts – much more so than any other conference I have attended being your future boss! It is also, of course, good to get a perspective on as many career paths as you can and to at least start to try and get a foot in the door.

Personally, I walked away from this Summit with guidance about my future career and employability and a range of new professional contacts – much more so than any other conference I have attended – and not to mention of course a much firmer idea about the direction in which to take my dissertation!

I can’t thank the ILP enough for being so helpful, and for allowing me to come along in the first place.

I’d have no hesitation whatsoever in advising anyone – and especially students – to get out and about and into the industry whenever they can, and especially if they can to attend ILP events such as the Professional Lighting Summit and others.

Richard Newsham is studying for a degree in geography and natural hazard management at the University of Chester’s Department of Geography and International Development Studies, and is due to graduate next summer.

Be inspired by light Incoporated within:

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40

LuxLive preview

LUXLIVE: WHAT TO SEE With LuxLive just days away, we pick out some of the key presentations to look out for

Wednesday 18 November Morning 9.20am How much could Britain save by embracing low-energy lighting?

Led by Lux’s ‘lighting economist’ Dave Tilley.

10.50 Office lighting: Time to throw out the rule book?

Led by Neil Foster, associate director, Couch Perry Wilkes; Michael Grubb of Michael Grubb Studio; Iain Trent, engineering director of Land Securities and editor of the BCO guide to office lighting.

11.00 Case study: Wahaca Lighting designers Kate Wilkins and Sam Neuman reveal how lighting is boosting the brand of Mexican restaurant chain Wahaca.

Afternoon 12.10 Finding the funding for your lighting upgrade Led by Myles McCarthy, director of implementation service, Carbon Trust.

12.45 The internet of things: should we believe the hype?

Led by Jeff Shaw and Simon Coombes.

1.20 Case study: the secrets of Tesco’s massive LED rollout Led by Matt Love, lighting manager, Tesco.

1.30 Case study: Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust.

The trust, which runs three London hospitals, is investing more than £1 million in lighting, which it hopes will save energy and improve health.

Associate director of sustainability Alexandra Hammond explains.

2.00 Esos – Take the opportunity to get your energy use down Myles McCarthy of the Carbon Trust discusses the most common opportunities for cost-effective energy savings, the barriers to implementation – which aren’t just financial – and how to overcome them.

3.10 Panel Discussion: how can we make healthier lighting a reality in Britain’s hospitals?

Led by Professor Debra Skene of the University of Surrey, Alexandra Hammond of Guy’s & St Thomas’s, Damian Oatway, Central Manchester NHS Trust.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

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42

LuxLive preview

3.50 Li-Fi vs Wi-Fi. Will Li-Fi – the abililty to send data through light – replace Wi-Fi? With Harald Haas of PureLiFi and Geoff Archenhold.

5.30 The Bad Lighting Awards Led by Gordon Routledge.

Thursday 19 November Morning 09.30 Connected lighting In the future, lighting will be intelligent and connected. Learn from the leading companies in the field how technology is changing – and how this will benefit users.

10.00 Case study: Royal Mail John Bradshaw, engineering and technical services manager at Royal Mail, talks us through the rollout of LEDs and controls to 16 UK mail centres.

10.30 SLL Young Lighter of the Year: The Final The six finalists for the title of SLL Young Lighter of the Year present their papers. Topics this year include circadian lighting in offices and light poverty in the developing world.

10.30 The government’s plan for procuring outdoor lighting: what you need to know Tony Howells of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills explains how procurement of public outdoor lighting is set to change. He will be joined by Peter Hunt of the LIA, Joe Ernst-Herman of the Crown Commercial Service and Ian Borthwick of the IET and Gareth Pritchard of Highway Electrical.

3.10 Panel discussion: does lighting cut crime?

Manufacturers love to claim their lights will make us safer. But the latest evidence suggests otherwise. What’s the truth?

For a full speaker programme of the 80+ sessions over the two days, as well as the list of exhibitors, go to: http://luxlive.co.uk/

Afternoon 12.30 Panel discussion: do regulations stifle good lighting design at railway stations?

With panellists including Paul Meenan of DLR, Lee McCarthy of Designplan Lighting, Darren Ward of Dextra and rail expert Dave Burton.

1.50 Panel discussion: is smart streetlighting everything it’s cracked up to be?

Streetlights of the future won’t just be streetlights, apparently. They’ll also be communications nodes, with all manner of sensors and connectivity to support smart cities. But how big an impact is this really set to have?

Graham Colclough of the EU-backed ‘humble lamppost’ project, and a panel of experts, thrash it out.

LUXLIVE 2015 – THE KEY FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW When: 18-19 November 2015 Where: ExCeL London Admission: free of charge How to register: for your free pass go to www.luxlive.co.uk/register

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

What’s new

43

What’s new Dextra Group Recessed modular 9 cell luminaire

Occhio

Suspended luminaries

Lighting design company Occhio has launched a new range of suspended luminaries, Sento sospeso. With a powerful 32 watt LED uplight and downlight, the new series can be used for both the home and commercial sector.

Whether in the surface-mounted, recessed or flat in-ceiling version for hollow ceilings, Sento sospeso has the ideal mounting option for any spatial requirement.

It comes with a unique height adjustment feature: a reel mechanism that means the pendant length can be easily and precisely adjusted by hand whenever necessary.

With light emitted from both sides of the luminaire head, the uplight and downlight can be controlled separately, thereby enabling a variety of lighting scenarios with just one luminaire.

Changeable optical inserts for individual lighting effects and the ability to select different LED light colours allow the desired lighting to be perfectly tailored to the current situation. www.occhio.de

Dextra Group is bringing three new products to this month’s LuxLive, all so new the company has said it will only be unveiling their names when the show opens.

The products comprise, first, a recessed modular 9 cell luminaire with 400x400mm halo surrounding 9 cell array, designed to be a premium recessed luminaire for office applications. This complies with the 3,000 candela limit and UGR19 in the majority of room sizes. The 9 cells and halo can be individually switched and halo can be supplied in a range of colours to match corporate themes, the company says.

The other two products will be a twin asymmetric retail product to highlight gondolas from the middle of an aisle in a shop and a continuous run (or standalone suspended or surface mounted) downlight or bidirectional slimline luminaire (65mm wide) with 90 degree corner options, for schools, offices and architectural applications.

The company will also be exhibiting its new Torrent LED solution, targeted at the food production sector. This is capable of operating at up to 50°C, with an IP65 rating and smooth curved design minimising the risk of dirt accumulating. It is constructed with die-cast aluminium end caps and an extruded aluminium heatsink, with a high transmission opal diffuser. www.dextragroup.co.uk

Venture Lighting Europe

VLED module and retrofit LED solution

Venture Lighting Europe will be showcasing its range of VLED luminaries at LuxLive, including its VLED Integrated Driver Technology system for outdoor floodlights as well as industrial, commercial and road lighting applications.

Making its debut at the show will be the company’s Westminster VLED module and retrofit LED solution, which has been specifically designed for street lighting and uses the company’s SUPRAX glass optics.

The Venture Westminster VLED street lighting module, which has been entered into the Lux Awards, offers local authorities the ability to extend the life of their existing street lighting to 100,000 hours and can be retrofitted to almost any existing luminaire, says the company.

With a range of lumen outputs from 2,000 to 16,000 lumens, the Westminster VLED module delivers a high efficacy up to 152 lumens per watt, and can be built from 17W to 108W to meet the lighting requirements of each scheme, it adds. www.venturelightingeurope.com

An editing error meant the wrong information accompanied this product launch in the October edition. Our apologies to Occhio; this is the version that was meant to be published

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

44 Independent Light on the lighting past design

The idea lost for 50 years

At first glance an old conference paper in the archives on street lighting by a Dutch academic appeared dry and obscure. But when Simon Cornwell delved into it more deeply he discovered a surprisingly modern discussion

T

he dusty archives held in the ILP’s library are a goldmine of historical information.

These old conference papers, brochures and journals feature concepts that either became the bedrock on which street lighting theory was firmly rooted, or they feature mad, bad and strange ideas that are best consigned to the murky backwaters of history.

Yet occasionally something extremely surprising turns up, such as a notion that’s just too ahead of its time. One such example can be found in a conference paper from 1936 entitled Street Lighting Practice in the Netherlands’ This 12-page paper was written by Professor Irvine G B Van der Werfhorst. It mostly lived up to its dry title and featured several well-defined sections that described the lighting in his country.

Irvine G. B. Van der Werfhorst. He was Professor of Lighting Science at the State University of Utrecht when he wrote his paper.

There were the usual topics including organisation of lighting authorities in the Netherlands, theories of street lighting practice – Professor Werfhorst was an enthusiastic adherent of the new silhouette theory – details of standard luminaries and installation parameters.

What I hadn’t expected was a final, lengthy

section that examined the visual response to lowpressure sodium and medium-pressure mercury lamps under different lighting levels – it was the first foray in the literature into the ‘modern’ ideas of photopic and scotopic lighting.

Professor Werfhorst reproduced the International Commission on Illumination’s (CIE’s) luminosity functions as the ‘day time vision curve’ and ‘night time vision curve’, and dramatically showed how the ocular sensitivity was significantly reduced for low-pressure sodium light under lower lighting conditions.

SCOTOPIC AND PHOTOPIC CONDITIONS He repeated the experiment with mediumpressure mercury, and noted how the effect wasn’t as dramatic, as the spectra in the bluegreen portion of the mercury spectrum came into play. Therefore he introduced the concept of ‘apparent brightness’, a measure of perceived brightness, but adjusted for scotopic or photopic conditions.

Professor Werfhorst noted that for some sodium installations how photopic conditions could exist near the columns but scotopic conditions could exist mid-span; thus ‘we see the parts between the lighting units much darker than would be expected from [photopic only] calculation. The lighting level is too low! We can record the fact that this road-lighting has been executed on far too economical lines.’ The same experiment with mercury also led to a decrease in brightness but not to the same extent thanks to the larger blue component.

Yet his final conclusion was for a preference for sodium, a decision based on the everincreasing provision and distribution of cheap electricity, so it was possible to provide installations that performed well within photopic constraints.

Professor Werfhorst warned against installations designed ‘far too economically’, citing how any dark patches could be accentuated because of the ‘apparent brightness’ effect.

Had he not been limited by this apparently never-ending, ever-expanding cheap source of energy, then he might’ve considered the alternative: if economics forced extremely limited lighting schemes, then it would’ve been more advantageous to use mercury instead.

For some reason, Professor Werfhorst’s ideas never entered mainstream theory and it wasn’t until the 1990s that fresh ideas based upon the differences in visual response under low lighting conditions re-emerged.

MISSED MOMENT So why were his ideas apparently ignored? The Association of Public Lighting Engineers’ official publication, Public Lighting, surprisingly called it a ‘short paper’, when it was one of the longer publications circulating at conference.

This suggested that Professor Werfhorst probably only read an abridged version, perhaps concentrating on the new ‘road brightness’ and silhouette theories. Additionally the paper wasn’t

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

The front cover of the paper Professor Werfhorst gave to the conference in Cheltenham. Papers were given out to all delegates and some were reprinted, along with discussions, in the association’s journal Public Lighting. The majority of the existing archive of old conference papers has now been digitally scanned

reproduced within Public Lighting. The President’s address, developments in discharge lamps and advancement in gas installations were the hot topics – and so it missed a bigger audience.

And Professor Werfhorst tragically died in 1939 at the early age of 50, so couldn’t advance his theories further. It was probably for these reasons that his novel and important ideas never gained a wider audience and were lost in a dusty cache of old conference papers.

Even if the lighting engineers had ventured into his mathematical and graph-laden paper – although none of the concepts would’ve taxed them unduly given the unholy amount of trigonometric identities and proofs some authors laboured over – then they would’ve agreed with his conclusions: low pressure sodium, that most efficient and most contentious of light sources, should be used for traffic route and arterial road lighting.

However, he was preaching to the converted and perhaps they didn’t care how he came to the same conclusion. He took the more circular route of ‘apparent brightness’ and they adhered to the brute-force more-lumens-for-your-money approach. Sodium, fast becoming known as ‘the driver’s lamp’ was starting to stick, and Professor Werfhorst’s paper simply helped the cause.

If his ideas had gained wider traction then the history of street lighting in the UK may have been dramatically different. The difference between the colours of various sources would’ve been more closely examined rather than roughly compared against their lumen output alone.

Perhaps the energy crisis of the 1970s would’ve prompted a move to lower lighting levels and the shift to white light as defined today, rather than the wholesale adoption of low-pressure sodium simply because it delivered more lumens for your money.

It’s an interesting idea that the move to whiter light may have started several decades ago, but the ideas underpinning this theory were lost for more than 50 years.

Lighting Consultants

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise

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Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

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Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

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Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

John Conquest

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IEng FILP FSLL

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Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

Lorraine Calcott

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it does lighting ltd

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www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

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T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

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Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Internationally experienced multi-disciplinary consultants. We provide design and technical advice on all aspects of exterior lighting, hazardous area lighting, traffic signals and other highway electrical works.We also provide Planning Advice, Road Safety Audits and Expert Witness Services

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www.clayton-fourie-consultancy.com

BEng(Hons) CEng, MICE, MILP, MAPM Blackburn, BB2 1AU

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Capita are a market leading design consultant, who specialise in street lighting design, LED retrofit schemes and project management. We also provide budget reducing solutions through technical expertise in products, specifications and procurement. We offer energy reduction advice, funding mechanisms and financial evaluations.

Colin Fish

Alistair Scott

Simon Bushell

WSP

Designs for Lighting Ltd

SSE Enterprise Lighting

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

IEng MILP

Hertford SG13 7NN

www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE

T: 01254 273000 E: simon.butt@capita.co.uk

www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure

MBA DMS IEng MILP

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Portsmouth PO6 1UJ T: +44 (0)2392276403 M: 07584 313990 E: simon.bushell@ssecontracting.com

Providing design and technical services for all applications of exterior and interior lighting from architectural to sports, rail, area, highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations on wildlife and the community.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Professional consultancy from the largest external lighting contractor maintaining 1.5m lights in the UK and Ireland. Exterior lighting/electrical design for Motorways, Highways, Architectural, Car Parks, Public Spaces and Sports lighting. From advice on carbon reduction strategies to delivering the whole installation package.

www.wspgroup.com

Winchester SO23 7TA

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

www.sseenterprise.co.uk

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY EXTERIOR LIGHTING TO RESERVE A PLACE ON THE WAITING LIST FOR THE LIGHTING DIRECTORY PLEASE CONTACT:

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

JULIE –01536 527297 JULIE@MATRIXPRINT.COM

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

WIND RELEASING BANNERS

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690

info@PowerDataAssociates.com

www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk

• Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Patented Raised Lamppost Banner System that significantly reduces loading on columns and prevents banners twisting and tearing.

Column testing and guarantee service available.

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

COLUMNS

0208 343 2525 baymedia.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC

Havant, PO9 9BT

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring

Contact Nick Smith

The most approved system by Highways Engineers

equipment.

PO Box 210

CPD Accredited Training

Venues by arrangement

Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories

light measuring and photometric

INSTRUMENTS LTD

TRAINING SERVICES

Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

LIGHTING

fresh thinking trusted technology

- Direct LED retrofit lamps - LED gear tray retrofits - Induction Lighting

0203 051 1687 www.indolighting.com

2

November Obtrusive Light – navigating the compliance minefield (Supported by the ILP) Venue: BRE, Bucknalls Lane, Watford, www.theilp.org.uk/events

4

November Fundamental Lighting Course Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby www.theilp.org.uk/events

11

November British Standard for Lighting BS5489, CPD seminar Venue, ILP, Regent House, Rugby www.theilp.org.uk/events

11

November YLP AGM and technical session Venue: AC/DC Studios, London, N1 6AS www.theilp.org.uk/events

12

November Presentation on new Forth Bridge Replacement Crossing, by chartered structural engineer Oliver Riches ILP NE region www.theilp.org.uk/events

DIARY 9-11

23

Surface Design Show Venue: The Business Design Centre, London, N1 0QH www.surfacedesignshow.com/lightschool

YLP Technical Session 1 Venue: Designplan, Sutton, SM3 9QS www.theilp.org.uk/events

February

12

February Dinner Dance Venue: Airth Caste Hotel, Stirlingshire AlastairMaltman@tofco.co.uk

February

10

March Rethinking the shades of night, talk by Dan Lister of Arup Lighting Venue: Central Square, Newcastle www.theilp.org.uk/events

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events

12-15

November Lumiere Durham Festival of Light www.lumiere-festival.com/durham-2015/

18-19

November LuxLive 2015 (Supported by the ILP) Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.luxlive.co.uk

19

November Lux Awards 2015 Venue: Troxy, Commercial Road, London E1 www.luxawards.co.uk

24

November How to be Brilliant with: Tim Downey, StudioFRACTAL (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

12–15 November: Lumiere Durham, Durham Festival of Light: including installations, talks and thousands of coloured lights across the city – Electric Fireside, The Brick Box Photo by Tim Smith

Good lighting increases security!

Be inspired by timeless design – Made in Sweden Contact us today: Phone: +44 (0) 1952 250800 Email: info@aura-light.co.uk www.aura-light.co.uk / www.noral.se/en

Smarter LED engineering and product design from INDO is enabling a host of new benefits for customers

Keeping up with technology never felt so reassuring LED and induction luminaires Direct Drive速 technology Market-leading LED retrofits w

fresh thinking trusted technology

www.indolighting.com