Lighting journal july august 2014

LIGHTING

JOURNAL

July/August 2014

The publication for all lighting professionals

Visionary thinking: seeing is all in the mind Business before pleasure – address to the regions IALD award winners 2014

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Contents

Lighting Journal July/August 2014 03 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS

34 BUSINESS BEFORE PLEASURE

08 LIGHT MINDED/

LIGHT HEARTED

10 THE MIND’S EYE

10

Speakers at two recent events revealed that vision has less to do with our sight than our brains.

Francis Pearce reports

38 RESEARCH IN

DEVELOPMENT

Nigel Parry reports on the latest CIE conference and the outcome of the annual technical committee meetings of Division 4

14 FINE TUNING

40 THE MAIN EVENT

20 WARNING: CHANGES

42 PRODUCTS

Jill Entwistle looks at some highly responsive schemes among this year’s IALD award winners

AHEAD

Daniel Robinson challenges the revisions to traffic sign regulations that will come into force in 2015

26 BLUE SKY THINKING

An artificial window and skylight system that replicates the optical qualities of daylight

28 FORMING AN ATTACHMENT

The remit of the new PLG06

26

In his address to the regions, ILP president Mark Johnson asks members where their priorities lie

has been considerably expanded. Stuart Bulmer examines the changes

Vice presidents’ column: Alan Jaques, VP events, looks forward to the PLS

44 DIRTY LIGHT AND

EPIC FAILS ILD column: Emma Cogswell on why you need a lighting designer

46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 CONSULTANTS’

DIRECTORY

49 DIARY

32 MAKING WAVES

Future concept: a new light- bending chip could turn a mobile phone into a mini projector

COVER PICTURE

Detail of facade of Hanjie Wanda Plaza, China, Excellence winner at this year’s IALD Awards (see p14)

28

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

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Editorial Volume 79 No 6 July/August 2014 President Mark Johnson EngTech AMILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jillentwistle@yahoo.com Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA Alan Jaques IEng MILP Keith Lewis Nigel Parry IEng FILP Advertising Manager Julie Bland Tel: 01536 527295 Email: julie@theilp.org.uk Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 Fax: 01788 540145 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by

3

M

ost people in the lighting profession would acknowledge the need for research in just about every aspect. When it comes to metrics, for instance, there has been an awful lot of holding

wet fingers up to the breeze along the way. The thing is that a lot of those guestimates have somehow become lore (500 lux on the working plane) and their provenance has become lost in the mists of time. LEDs have obviously helped trigger a rethink as they can’t be squeezed into the confines of existing wisdom in a number of respects. The upcoming LR&T symposium, Better Metrics for Better Lighting (15 July at UCL), will be looking at how we measure up to new thinking in both artificial and daylighting. The effect of light on human health and wellbeing – whether it be colour temperature, degree and length of exposure, the variables of age, its capacity to heal or damage – is clearly a fundamental area and we have only scratched the surface. But those who heard Professor Colin Blakemore’s Trotter Paterson Lecture earlier this year, or Kevan Shaw talking about his colour temperature experiments in art galleries (see The Mind’s Eye, p10) will appreciate the depth of our ignorance about something as fundamental as the human visual system itself. ‘There is a gulf of understanding between the nerve cells responding to things in the image and the owner of those cells having visual experience. We just don’t understand that process,’ says Blakemore. It’s a chastening thought.

Jill Entwistle Editor

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com © ILP 2014 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

4

News

More stress on lighting design in new LET diploma The LET Diploma course has been revised and updated, and will now have more emphasis on lighting design. New modules have been introduced to the 10-year-old course and others have been extended.

‘The changes don’t mean the light technical content has been compromised,’ said LET chairman Bob Venning (pictured left). ‘Far from it; by doubling the number of modules the lighting subjects are now more extensively covered.

‘Our biggest improvement is probably the inclusion of real case studies in each module, showing students how lighting design may be applied in practice.’

One of the more radical moves is to include E-workshops so students far from London, including overseas, will be able to participate remotely. ‘It is hoped that each student will have access to a mentor via the internet,

Liverpool phases out sodium

Cumbria commits to LED upgrade Cumbria County Council aims to save up to £430,000 a year by installing 12,000 new LED street lights.

who will help them overcome any problems,’ said Venning.

The last workshops of the existing course will be held in autumn this year and the last exam in June 2015. The revised course will begin in September 2014 and for the immediate future this will be the only start date each year. The first exam will be held in June 2016.

The programme for the two-year course is set out on the basis of five to 10 hours’ study a week.

‘This course should appeal to anyone wanting to get a first qualification in lighting wherever they are in the world, especially as it is hoped that examinations will be conducted in students’ own countries,’ concluded Venning.

For more information contact the LET Diploma administrator, Pom Daniels, at LET@cibse.org

Over the next three years it will spend £7.6m in the upgrade programme. The current street fittings cost £3.7m a year, of which £2m is spent on energy.

The new lights are expected to reduce energy bills by £140,000 in 2014/15, £290,000 in 2015/16 and £430,000 a year by 2016/17.

A review of the 33,000 remaining street lights will look at the potential

for dimming them, not replacing broken ones and reducing the hours they are switched on.

There is ‘scope to significantly reduce lighting levels while still maintaining safety’, said Cabinet member for highways Keith Little.

The council has also promised to consult residents on any proposed change to lighting levels.

Government acts to boost engineering Liverpool City Council is replacing its sodium street lighting with LED fittings in a £7m investment programme implemented by Amey.

The council currently spends around £2.6m a year on the energy costs associated with running its 57,000 street lights, together with illuminated signs and bollards across the city.

It will also save an estimated 1400 tonnes of carbon emissions and overall maintenance costs of £2.7m over the next five years.

The programme will be completed in phases and will replace the oldest street lights. The first phase began in June in Fazakerley, with 1038 lights converted across 158 streets in a four-week period.

The remaining 22,500 street lights, serving 3214 streets, will be upgraded over the next two years.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Skills and Enterprise Minister Matthew Hancock has announced a £30m fund designed to boost the supply of engineers, encourage more women into the sector and address engineering skills shortages in smaller companies.

The fund will enable engineering companies to establish training programmes, with £10m directed to a Developing Women Engineers initiative and £10m to Improving Engineering Careers. A further £10m will be made available in the autumn to develop engineering skills in smaller companies.

The initiatives have been developed in consultation with professional institutions and leading engineering companies.

‘As highlighted in the Perkins Review, the engineering sector is currently failing to draw on the whole talent pool,’ said Matthew Hancock. ‘By

supporting employers to develop the workforce of the future and bring more women into engineering, we’re empowering the industry to unlock its potential.’

The move is part of the government’s Employer Ownership Fund, enabling employers to design training projects that can address skills shortages holding back their business, providing them with 50 per cent match funding.

‘The lack of engineering skills in the UK has become a ticking time-bomb, and manufacturers are investing heavily in their current and future workforces to prevent it from exploding,’ said Terry Scuoler, chief executive of EEF, the manufacturers’ organisation. ‘This must include investing in all sections of our workforce, in particular women where the UK has an especially poor record.’

News

5

Thomas wins SVP vote Elizabeth Thomas, current VP highways and infrastructure, has been elected by the membership to the post of senior vice president.

In an extremely tight vote she was declared the winner after the institution’s scrutineers carried out a second check on the votes cast on 9 June.

President Mark Johnson congratulated both candidates and said he looked forward to working with Thomas when she takes up the post this September at the forthcoming AGM at the Professional Lighting Summit in Solihull.

However he expressed his disappointment at the low number – 11 per cent – of eligible ILP members who took the opportunity to vote.

‘During my time as president many

members have given me the benefit of their views either in private, in writing, at AGMs or in more social surroundings about the ILP, its new structure and the fact that they want a say in shaping and forming the institution, its policies and its succession planning.

‘Members were given the opportunity to have a say in the appointment of a key post which will have an impact on all these things for the next two years,’ he continued. ‘It’s a bit galling and saddening to the executive board and past presidents, other members who did take the time to vote and, more important, to the candidates who stood and wanted their support, that so few actually took the time and trouble.’

North East LIA introduces UMS scheme secretary made Companion The LIA Laboratories has introduced an Unmetered Supply Measurement (UMS) certification scheme. It will provide an assurance of the validity of the power data measured by manufacturers when describing the performance of their lighting products for use in UMS applications.

Participating manufacturers will have to undergo a thorough inspection of their laboratories to verify the adequacy of the measurement

equipment, documentation and technical competence of the staff.

Manufacturers meeting the requirements will be able to take measurements of apparent power and true power for their products at their facilities, and submit these measurements to the LIA Laboratories in lieu of preparing reports for submission to Elexon. www.lialabcert.org.uk

Company scores at World Cup

Jim Millington, honorary secretary of the North-East Region, has been made a Companion of the ILP. The honour is in recognition of his many years of hard work volunteering for the institution. Millington is a familiar figure at local events and a longserving committee member.

‘This is in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the region and was requested by the regional committee,’ said president Mark Johnson, seen here presenting Millington with a certificate to mark the occasion.

‘This award is rarely given – in fact there have been only 13 to date.’

Schréder was responsible for delivering lighting solutions to several stadia involved in last month’s FIFA World Cup, including Mineirão Stadium (pictured) and Maracanã Arena.

The second largest football stadium in Brazil, Mineirão Stadium in Belo Horizonte, was renovated in 2013 to host both the World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Schréder worked with Brazilian lighting design consultant Arquitetura e Luz to provide a complete, sustainable lighting solution for the entire stadium, from the football pitch to esplanade, helipad and car park. The company also lit the facade with a dynamic RGB LED solution.

The Maracanã Arena in Rio de Janeiro, an iconic landmark for Brazilians, was partially rebuilt to be a host site, including the closing game. The venue was increased in size from 189,000sqm to 240,000sqm, seating 78,838 spectators and making it the largest stadium in South America. Schréder supplied LED lighting solutions to the landscape and again illuminated the facade of the stadium.

The company also supplied luminaires for elements of the Estádio Nacional in Brasilia, and Arena das Dunes, a new stadium in Natal.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

6

News

NEWS IN BRIEF Disrupted circadian rhythms may cause weight gain in women, according to recent research, which has discovered that sleeping with too much light in the room increases their risk of obesity.

In the British study, involving more than 113,000 women, scientists found greater exposure to light at night increased both Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist size. Researchers said that it was too early to determine what caused the link. The aim of the study is to identify the root causes of breast cancer; obesity is already a known risk factor. The Breakthrough Generations Study, funded by the charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer, followed the women for 40 years. The findings are reported in the American Journal Of Epidemiology. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/light-night-linkedobesity-230143595.html BRE Global has published a revised version of its standard covering responsible sourcing. Issue 3 of BES 6001: the Framework Standard for Responsible Sourcing has been designed to be more practical and address some industry concerns with the previous issue. It is available on Green Book Live (www.greenbooklive.com/search/scheme. jsp?id=153).

Signature has opened a new demonstration area for street lighting and traffic safety products at its post and column manufacturing site in Cheshire. Open days with factory tours are running throughout July and August 2014. The purpose of the new exhibition space is to showcase key traffic and lighting products, including a winch-operated raise and lower lighting column, in one location and in their working environment.

The space also includes tarmac ‘stages’ to display LEDilluminated bollards, and a subway installation, a scaled-down version complete with tiled walls and ceiling used to showcase new and retrofit subway systems. www.signatureltd.com or call 01606 550 502

Follow spots

There’s a slight touch of Brian the car insurance robot about Dutch designer Bob de Graaf’s interactive lights – sort of cute but vaguely creepy and possibly annoying. His two Species of Illumination designs will apparently seek out human companions, either following them around or searching for the darkest spots in the home.

Called Wallace and Darwin (a little evolution joke there), they operate through a series of sensors, motors and stretchable cables. Wallace is attached at one end to the ceiling, with the head supported by three pieces of wire on the end of a long electrical cable. Through its sensors it is able to locate the darkest spot in a room and illuminate it, a process which it repeatedly continues.

Darwin, on the other hand, is a solar-powered desk lamp on wheels. In the daytime it trundles about looking for sunlight to charge its battery. In the evening it roves around looking for movement, helpfully providing the people it locates with a beam of light. www.boblab.nl/wordpress/species-of-illumination/

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Mayflower has now started delivering its latest wireless smart lighting control system, which it has developed with The Technology Partnership (TTP), a technology and product development company. The new Zigbee-based MK3 design offers a more than 50 per cent reduction in power consumption compared to existing smart lighting systems, along with enhanced reliability, improved radio range and class leading metering accuracy, according to the company.

Harvard has appointed Andrew Winter as operations director. Winter has more than 17 years’ experience working in the manufacturing sector. The majority of his career was spent at Schneider Electric where he specialised in supply chain, production management, sourcing and supplier development.

The sight loss charity Thomas Pocklington Trust and independent consumer research charity Rica (Research Institute for Consumer Affairs) have updated an essential guide to buying energy saving lamps with Best Buy recommendations from Which? The guide, Choosing Energy Saving Light Bulbs for your Home, is aimed at both the elderly and people with sight loss generally and has information on lamp types, colour of light emitted, start-up times and types of fittings. It also explains the concept of lumens, giving recommendations for specific areas. www.pocklington-trust.org.uk

Did you know, that if you take a place in the Consultants’ Directory the listing is included on the main ILP website with your company logo

The Lighting Directory for ÂŁ50 per entry per month you can advertise your products and services

call Julie on 01536 527295

call Julie on 01536 527295

email: julie@theilp.org.uk

email: julie@theilp.org.uk

LIGHT Minded...

What future is there for the UK lighting industry? asks John Fox, managing director of Lucy Zodion

The burning irritation felt when something is said that contradicts one’s beliefs came in a sudden rush when I heard the statement recently that British industry was at the forefront of the LED industry. Without wishing to appear apostate, I believe that we are far from this position.

I certainly agree that we have taken LEDs to our hearts, have mastered how to use them and are certainly good at being creative with them, but we equally certainly cannot claim to be involved in the industrial processes that will generate the luminaires for the future of the world.

I glow with pride (or should that be electroluminesce?) at the thought that British radio pioneer Henry Round probably first ‘discovered’ LEDs at the beginning of the 20th century, and at the fact that British universities such as Cambridge and Manchester are at the forefront of GaN research. However, they are not the industrial giants that spend the equivalent of a small country’s GDP on LED industrialisation and development.

Such businesses are largely based in Asia, and while we may condemn them as ‘electronics’ companies without an understanding of lighting, I’m certain that history is littered with similar underestimates of the power of a wellresourced and determined organisation.

I remember well the television repair man from my childhood replacing bits in my parents’ Bush TV; the loss of British TV manufacturing, and its consequent need of ongoing maintenance, is, I fear, something of a metaphor for the UK lighting industry.

I can imagine a future where volume luminaires will arrive at our shores, be installed and then remain untouched for 20 years until they gracefully grow old and are replaced, no doubt, by a cheaper, more efficient and better version. My intention here is not to provoke howls of protest from highly entrepreneurial UK businesses, but the fact is that high-volume LED luminaire design and manufacture now largely resides overseas.

Yes, we still have the specialist producers, making and designing application-specific luminaires and lighting control systems. Some are, and will continue to be, world-class in their field, producing wonderful fittings and massively effective

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

control platforms. They will migrate the technologies that they use, and spawn new suppliers to feed them. But this relatively small contingent of highly skilled and respected producers does not enable the UK to claim a position at the forefront of global LED production.

While, as I mentioned, we apply the designs and carry out some excellent application engineering, the point is that others could easily learn what we do at the moment because the barrier to entry is so low. This worries me and I believe it begs the question – what future is there for the UK lighting industry?

We have also allowed ourselves to be blinded by the glamour of LEDs, and some seem to consider the wholesale replacement of conventional sources with LEDs as the last word in energy saving.

Without anthropomorphising them too much, they ‘like’ being dimmed, don’t ‘mind’ being turned on or off, making them ideal subjects for control. Yet many schemes are failing to see the savings that can be made by considering the control options available.

The good news is that there are some British LED hotspots in the form of long-established businesses with a determined focus on the sector and newer entrepreneur-led businesses that give hope. Perhaps I have a romantic view of what can be achieved by a plucky Brit, but companies such as Zeta and Harvard are certainly holding their own against some very stiff opposition.

What the UK lighting industry needs is the same level of investment as the overseas businesses that are currently meeting our, and indeed global, requirements for luminaires in large volumes. Innovation and determination from companies based on our shores is only part of the equation. Now is the time for a drive to attract much needed investment to both the LED and lighting control sectors, so that in the future we can indeed claim to be at the forefront of the LED industry.

Perhaps there are some other red-hot challengers to the world order, but my fear is that start-up UK companies of the 2020s will be sited on derelict lamp and luminaire factories – much as old TV sites house industrial start-ups today.

8

Opinion

LIGHT Hearted Mary Rushton-Beales, principal of Lighting Design House, on keeping it fresh It’s hard to believe it’s almost 25 years since I set up Lighting Design House.

The challenges and the opportunities are as stimulating as ever but, luckily, we have more ‘tools’ at our disposal. I don’t just mean new sources or more ingenious luminaires and controls, important as they are. I’m thinking more of what we know and what keeps our thinking and our techniques fresh.

First, there is research. When we started, a lot of what we felt about light and its relationship to wellbeing was just that: a feeling. Visual comfort, the psychology of colour, the way lighting affects our sleep patterns and our mental state all felt so obvious it seemed almost daft for academics to waste time investigating them.

Of course, it’s actually better to work from fact and we do know more now. Some of the research is less than comforting. Some is done to justify the introduction of technologies that are still a work in progress. Some is there to redefine the problem so the old issues appear to disappear.

What matters is that we generally have more and better information on a range of topics, and it is also available to clients, design team members and contractors. That changes the old dynamic by making lighting design more collaborative and making it easier to prove a point. Which is good; sometimes, essential.

We need to encounter fresh ideas to keep our own fresh. I enjoy working with an informed client and I count myself privileged to teach lighting design, especially to people who are not afraid to ask the ‘silly’ question that gets everyone thinking.

So, the second new item is people.

The third is software.

When we started, we used a drawing board, a printer and paste-up; now we have good 3D software that frees us from the chore of starting drawings again from scratch, and lets us create. Now as then, there is always a deadline, always a budget, but so far there is no sign of the learning curve levelling off, and that’s why I so enjoy doing what I do.

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10

Events

The mind’s eye

Vision has less to do with our sight than our brains, according to speakers at two recent events, a conference on museum lighting and the Trotter Paterson lecture. Francis Pearce reports

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Events

C

all visitors prefer, says Shaw. But – surprisingly – the preference for light source depends on the subject matter and colours of the artwork. Viewers of interior scenes and pictures such as still lifes showed preferences for warm sources, but they preferred cooler sources with peaks of blue for exteriors. Intriguingly, this last preference also applied to interiors with an element ‘lit’ by daylight, such as a window. As it is based on information in the picture, this suggests that the viewers’ preference is ‘learned’ rather than being a purely physiological response.

Shaw’s experiments have been run twice, once at the Manchester Art Gallery and the second time at the Groninger Museum in the Netherlands.

The MAG experiment was carried out with torches with interchangeable heads, while individually switched track spots were used at the Groninger Museum. In Manchester the sources Pieter Janssens Dutch Interior

hoosing the right source for a painting may depend on its subject rather than its colours, according to research aired at a recent lighting event organised by the Museums Association.

Leading lighting designers, curators and conservators traded ideas on lighting recently at the fullday conference, Bright Ideas: New Developments in Museum Lighting, which focused on the latest thinking on managing exposure to light, LEDs, daylighting and colour.

Drawing on a background in social psychology, lighting designer Kevan Shaw of KSLD has been assessing museum visitors’ colour temperature preferences, using a variety of sources including LED lamps with a gamut area tailored to make some colours, blue in particular, appear more vivid.

The results indicate that there is no single colour temperature or colour-rendering combination that

JB Jongkind Bij Overschie 1869

In experiments conducted by Kevan Shaw, viewers preferred to see paintings of interiors in a warmer temperature light and exteriors in a cooler light, regardless of the colour content of the pictures themselves.

This last preference even extended to interior scenes, such as the image above, where daylight was present

11

were 3000K CRI95 LEDs and in Groninger the exhibition was lit with low voltage tungsten halogen. In both galleries there was some ambient indirect fluorescent light.

Coincidentally both exhibitions were of Dutch paintings from the 18th and 19th centuries with a broad range of subject matter.

‘Looking crudely at the results, the 2700K CRI95 modules score highest overall in preference. However, on individual objects they are frequently not the most preferred source. This immediately raises a warning flag as to whether using this averaging will deliver the best viewing conditions over a wide range of subject matter and whether historical preconceptions may play too great a part in selecting lighting appearance,’ says Shaw.

‘There is considerable further work to be done in this area. I am hoping to continue with this experiment to further validate the results.’

The idea that the brain is interpreting and associating a small part of an interior scene with exterior, natural lighting – the window – rather than the eye reacting purely and automatically to colour, shade and texture may seem odd. But leading neuroscientist Professor Colin Blakemore says that what we think we see is almost entirely shaped by our minds, not what is in front of our eyes.

Blakemore, director of the Institute of Philosophy’s Centre for the Study of the Senses among other positions, recently delivered the Society of Light and Lighting’s annual Trotter Paterson Lecture where he explained that all ‘vision is cognitively informed’.

As an example of ‘learnt experience impinging directly on what we see,’ he cites the way that photographs that have been doctored to narrow the depth of field look odd to observers. This can ‘only depend on our experience of the world and, in particular, photographs,’ he says.

Very little of what is happening before our eyes actually reaches our brains and almost all of what we think we see is extrapolated and computed from tiny fragments of information.

About half the nerve fibres in the optic nerve carry information from the fovea at the centre of the macula region of the retina, which is responsible for sharp central vision. The quality of the information from the area surrounding the fovea drops off very quickly even though, in the 1990s, Trevor Lamb and Edward Pugh were

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

12

Events

Professor Colin Blakemore

able to demonstrate that individual photoreceptors – the rods – in the retina are capable of creating a signal when they absorb a single photon.

The high-resolution region of our vision is only equivalent to about the width of a thumbnail at arm’s length. Our eyes move continuously and involuntarily by as little as half a degree and as much as 50 degrees,

enabling us to ‘sample’ the world. We piece together our view from narrow snapshots; our vision is not only filtered, but constantly motile, in flux.

‘There is a contradiction between what we know goes on in our head and the wonderful seamless view of the world that we have,’ says Blakemore. While we experience the world subjectively like a detailed, real-

The Thatcher Illusion: when seeing it upside down the viewer reads the top right image as normal as the brain makes assumptions based on learned experience. Seen the right way up (bottom right) reveals that individual features have been reversed

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

time video stream, in reality our visual experience is ‘invented’, created from tiny, disjointed packets of data. ‘Visual experience is discretely and sparely informed by data from our eyes. Shifts of gaze occurring about three times a second deliver data dumps to the brain, with most of the information content concerned with the portion of the image falling on the central fovea of the eye. During each snapshot, the brain gathers, encodes and stores only a tiny amount of information.’

While many psychologists and physiologists think we must be recording our eye movements and piecing images together, to do this we would have to remember the visual past, says Blakemore.

In computational terms, this is a nightmare, so it is much more likely that ‘we lose everything from the past except what we are attending to, which is 40 or 50 bits of information out of the megabytes of stuff we are absorbing... When you see a room you are constructing hypotheses about the world that are not being visually sustained, but by some kind of semantic memory.’

Somehow, meaning is hard-wired into the way we perceive the world despite the apparent limitations of our eyesight and our visual system. So, for example, colours appear differently at higher and lower light levels. Yet, regardless of the time of day, when we look at a tree or bush we see its leaves as green even though there are measurable differences in the wavelengths of the light reflected off them: a phenomenon known as colour constancy.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) shows that about a third of the human brain is involved with processing vision. There are more than 35 visual areas each specialising in analysing an aspect of visual stimulus such as colour, movement or object recognition.

Visual neuroscientists are beginning to understand the role that parts of the limbic system play in the links between colour and emotion, for example, but while we know that ‘information comes into the primary visual areas, how it is distributed doesn’t explain how we see,’ says Blakemore.

‘There is a gulf of understanding between the nerve cells responding to things in the image and the owner of those nerve cells having visual experience. We just don’t understand that process...’

Events

13

Images courtesy of Precision Lighting/RCL

Bright Ideas conference: key themes

Among the pieces of received wisdom challenged at the Museums Association’s recent one-day lighting conference was the idea that low lighting levels and the 50 lux limit set for susceptible artefacts do any good.

This limit for light fugitive materials, designed to reduce the damage done to light-sensitive objects, was enshrined almost half a century ago in Garry Thomson’s book The Museum Environment and has become the standard. But it is ‘a fallacy that light levels below the recommendations quoted in LG8 or other guidance are safe,’ said lighting consultant Stephen Cannon-Brookes (pictured speaking above). Any exposure to light for any length of time does some harm to some items and it is better to see them properly, albeit briefly, than doom them to gloomy obscurity and gradual decay. ‘Both excessive illumination and insufficient light for viewing are wasteful,’ he said.

Applied in a heavy-handed way the 50 lux limit can also produce boring displays, said Jonathan Howard, director of DHA Designs (centre, bottom right), who discussed the lighting of the Mary Rose exhibit and the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. ‘You don’t want to light everything to 50 lux if you can get a range of illumination in a case. If it’s all at the same level, it’s a bit like a chorus: there’s no lead singer and you can’t tell what you’re looking at. We want heroes in a case to create interest.’

Visual interest and visibility also depend on the angle from which objects are lit. ‘In order to light museum objects from the ceiling you generally need angles of incidence of 30 to 45 degrees on vertical surfaces,’ said lighting and museum design consultant George Sexton (right). ‘It is counterintuitive, but with a low ceiling you need more infrastructure and more possibilities for locating lights to maintain those angles. In practical, lay terms, you need more lighting track for a 3m ceiling and less for a 5m ceiling.

If you are closer to the object, you need less light but you also need more possibilities of placement of light.’

‘The smaller the gallery the harder it is to get the lighting right,’ said Howard. ‘When you get close to the object you are better off with a larger number of smaller sources and track is a lot cheaper than the lighting that goes on it.’

Meanwhile Arfon Davies, associate director at Arup Lighting, advocated an increased emphasis on daylighting in the museum and gallery environments, but acknowledged that it was not viable to introduce natural light ‘if a gallery is

known to have a strict requirement for 50 lux and no greater at all times’.

‘To control daylight so closely at such low levels is difficult to achieve effectively,’ he continued. ‘The cool appearance of daylight at these low levels can be gloomy as we are accustomed to warmer light in low-light conditions. This is not to say that it is never appropriate to use daylight for such spaces, but it should be considered carefully. We search for opportunities to include daylight wherever we can, before we even consider the use of electric light.’

The eventual lighting solution has to strike a balance between conservation, access and display context. CannonBrookes advised making a start by identifying the composition of the objects or materials to be lit and their sensitivity to light. The owner needs to determine the level of access required and whether an object merits controlled exposure to light. Access has two components, visibility – the level of illumination required for the object to be adequately seen – and duration of exposure of light. The next issue is what the location requires in terms of control and management, bearing in mind that daylight is both difficult to measure and control to levels appropriate for displaying highly light-sensitive objects.

‘Because any light exposure is likely to be damaging to susceptible materials, it is worth ensuring that the object can be appreciated and enjoyed when on display,’ agreed David Saunders (below left), the keeper of the Department of Conservation and Scientific Research at the British Museum.

‘This can be achieved both through good lighting design and light management, for example by activating light using switches or motion sensors, or a regime that alternates periods of display with periods of dark storage.’

The information provided by curators and conservators is a fundamental part of the lighting design process.

‘Finding an optimal solution may well involve negotiation,’ said Cannon-Brookes, particularly since, as Saunders pointed out, the curator in most museums is ‘the person who has to do everything’.

Bright ideas: New Developments in Museum Lighting was organised by the Museums Association and sponsored by Precision Lighting and Remote Controlled Lighting. It took place at the Royal College of Surgeons in London on 30 April

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

14

Awards review

Fine tuning N

Jill Entwistle looks at a series of highly responsive schemes among this year’s IALD award winners

projects in the Excellence group (see box p18) and partly because it pays to delve a little lower down the awards rankings to include some of the more unusual projects.

All, in different ways, are highly responsive schemes – either

directly interactive (Barcelona), or responding to the architecture and environment through finely tuned controls, and use of colour and colour temperature (Hanjie Wanda Plaza, St Moritz, Red Bull Music Academy, Nagoya Daini hospital).

Hanjie Wanda Plaza, China Award: Excellence Lighting design: Biad Zheng JianWei Lighting Studio Architect: Unstudio Additional contributors: Wanda Commercial Planning and Research Institute, Traxon Technologies, NeoNeon Holdings, AG Licht Perfect Illumination Design and Engineering

At night, the lighting system, which is fully integrated into the spheres, creates a medial light curtain with two layers of light.

The independent media layers create a true depth of field. ‘This project stands out because of the seamless integration of lighting, architecture, programming and video,’ commented one judge.

The 10 types of spheres, together with the two-layer dynamic lighting system – one more defined, one softer – create a range of effects, mixing

reflections, colours and shadows.

The backlit alabaster inlay creates a sharp, direct pixel, while LEDs on the reverse of the spheres project a soft pixel on to the back wall. Both layers can be controlled separately and create different effects according to the viewing angle.

A number of catwalks located behind the facade allow the system to be easily maintained.

‘The organic integration of light into the facade is bold, pervasive, and successful,’ said another judge.

Photography: Zhou Li

ot all of the following schemes sit in the Excellence section of this year’s IALD International Lighting Design Awards. That’s partly because Lighting Journal has previously featured some of the

Not just another media facade, was the judges’ conclusion. With its 40,000 reflective metal spheres, this is more an integrated architectural lighting solution and one that offers both a striking daytime appearance and complex night-time effects.

During the day the building interacts with and reflects daylight.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

15

Photography: Greg Irikura

Awards review

Red Bull Music Academy, New York Award: Excellence Lighting design: Tillotson Lighting Design Architect: Inaba The project involved turning four vacant floors in New York’s Chelsea district into a series of meeting spaces, galleries and recording studios for the Red Bull Music Academy. Both the architecture and lighting are designed to create an atmosphere of experimentation, an inspiring environment to spark creativity and collaboration among top musicians from around the world. The lighting in particular is used to dramatically transform the space from day to night, supporting the many events held in the academy. ‘Bold and unusual lighting choices help to distinguish one space from another and create a dynamic, contemporary experience,’ said one judge.

Interlocking programme spaces, such as the broadcast booth, main recording studio and bar, all connect to the loft-like forum and are organised with dramatic, curving walls. During the day, linear fluorescent uplights are used to create a daylight effect in the interior space.

At dusk, these uplights dim and linear rows of warm white neon mounted to the underside of the uplight pendants turn on. The colour shift and strong graphic lines of light transform the space for the evening events. The bar, revealed by a niche in one of the curved walls, is defined by a field of hollow, extruded acrylic tubes edge-lit with dynamic white and colour-changing LEDs above.

The sound and light lock between the gallery and forum has glossy, canary yellow floor, walls and ceiling, amplified by two yellow neon tubes. The lecture hall ceiling is formed by rows of PVC tubes cut in half. Fluorescent uplighting above washes through the gaps in the tubes and down the walls to create an open and bright space. Halogen accent lights between each tube provide dimmable, low-glare lighting for screenings and interviews.

A central corridor divides the seventh floor into eight collaborative studio pods. Fluorescent uplights hidden above the ductwork in the corridors heighten the ceiling. At night, the scene changes and halogen accent lights in the corridors and studios produce a more intimate environment for the frequent all-night recording sessions.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

16

Awards review

Project: St Moritz Church, Augsburg, Germany Award: Merit Lighting design: Mindseye Architect: John Pawson Architects

Photography: Marcus Schrother

The keys to this concept were concealment of luminaires, so that fittings in no way detracted from the smooth minimalism of Pawson’s interior, and a fine-tuned use of white light.

The ambition was a pure white space conducive to contemplation.

Such was the attention to detail that slices of onyx were used over the choir windows to diffuse the light and achieve an exact luminescent quality.

There is also a hierarchy of light: the apse is the brightest area in the church, drawing the visitor’s eye through, the nave where the liturgy is performed is the next brightest, with more subdued light for the side-aisles.

The fittings used to punch down from the high ceiling to give task lighting to altar and congregation typify the concealment strategy. Mindseye exploited existing 260mm ventilation holes to locate deep-recessed 250W metal halide narrow-beam spotlights.

Ribbed glass spreaders also help prevent glare.

‘The lighting design skilfully uses architectural integration to minimise view of hardware, keeping the focus on the divine,’ said one judge.

A dynamic white scheme allows almost all luminaires in the church to change from warm to neutral white (2700K to 4000K). Warm white light is used during the evening mass, for instance, while neutral white is used during the day, matching the exterior light. The control system has more than 30 programmed schemes.

‘Conceptualised to reinforce all of the liturgical aspects of the chapel, the lighting controls allow the lighting system to match the crisp coolness of daylight, as well as the warmth and intimacy associated with evening masses, while providing appropriate balance of brightness, and focus to icons and altars,’ said the same judge.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Project: BruumRuum!, Barcelona, Spain Lighting design: Artec3 Studio Award: Special Citation for an intuitive interactive experience Artist: David Torrents Architect: MBM Arquitectes DMX control: LEDsCONTROL luminaires react to the intensity of voices and ambient city sounds using sensors that have been installed around the plaza. ‘A great example of social light and sound interaction,’ commented one judge.

Photography: Akito Goto

BruumRuum! is a permanent interactive installation in the Plaça de les Glories in Barcelona. The installation covers a 3300sqm area and combines coloured light and sound. The 550 in-ground linear LED

17

Photography: Xavi Padros, David Torrents, Ramon Ferreira

Awards review

Project: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan Award: Special Citation for a highly responsive lighting design solution for the delicate needs of a critical care environment Lighting design: Lightdesign Inc Architect: Yamashita Sekkei As part of a general refurbishment, the Nagoya Daini hospital wanted to dramatically improve the lighting environment in its NICU. It needed a low illuminance to replicate an intrauterine environment for premature infants.

These lower, indirect light levels were also designed to be more soothing for the anxious families of premature infants.

By using a floating ceiling element, the LED system could be easily concealed to create a gentle uplight wash. A control system allows adjustment of levels according to requirements and time of day.

‘This project is the ultimate example of developing lighting solutions that are sensitive to and respectful of the user,’ observed one of the judges.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

18

Awards review Award of Excellence Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centrer Baju, Azerbaijan Maurice Brill Lighting Design (Lighting Journal January 2013)

Radiance Award In Lumine Tuo Utrecht, Netherlands Speirs and Major (Lighting Journal October 2013)

Award of Excellence Memorial to the Victims of Violence Mexico Lighteam (Lighting Journal February 2014)

Other winners

This year’s IALD Awards featured 16 award winners from 10 countries. Six were from Asia, four from Japan, and three were UK lighting consultants EXCELLENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY VENTURE CAPITAL OFFICE BUILDING Menlo Park, CA USA Sean O’Connor Lighting (pictured below) EXCELLENCE BRANZ KOSHIEN Hyogo, Japan Akari+Design Associates MERIT 171 COLLINS STREET Melbourne, Australia Electrolight

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

MERIT STARLIGHT New York, NY USA Cooper Joseph Studio

CITATION DRAGON BRIDGE Da Nang City, Vietnam ASA Studios

MERIT CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY HALL Sensuicho, Fukuoka, Japan Izumi Yayoshi Lighting Design

CITATION WALL ILLUMINATION FANTASY OF PIOLE HIMEJI Hyogo, Japan Uchihara Creative Lighting Design

MERIT AKA BEVERLY HILLS Beverly Hills, CA USA Oculus Light Studio

The winners of the 31st Annual International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) International Lighting Design Awards were announced at a presentation held on 4 June in Las Vegas (www.iald.org).

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20

Regulations

Warning: changes ahead Revised regulations on traffic signs will come into force in 2015. Daniel Robinson challenges the wisdom of the revisions

I

recently attended a Department for Transport (DfT) workshop on the proposed changes to the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions (TSRGD), which are due to come into force in 2015. While attending this briefing workshop a number of questions came to me that I am not entirely sure have

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

been fully addressed by the DfT or been considered by major stakeholders. Some of these questions could have major implications for how these changes will take place – if these changes are indeed for the greater good.

Before looking at these questions and what I believe their possible effects on positive change may be, it might be helpful first to establish my objectivity (as the recently appointed managing director of Traffic Management Products) and also my qualifications where this area is concerned.

Before moving to TMP, I was the senior lighting engineer for the London Borough of Southwark from 20092014, during which time I was part of the London Lighting Engineers Group (LoLEG), a community of practice where all London lighting authorities meet to push forward lighting in London. During this period I also completed a number of management-related academic studies including an MBA. Prior to 2009 I worked for a main street lighting contractor running maintenance and capital investment contracts.

This background has provided me with a clear understanding of the macro environment, taking into

consideration political pressures, budget pressures, staffing restrictions, ongoing maintenance issues and other key stakeholders such as DNOs. This balanced understanding means that my analysis is not just based on interpreting the technical aspect of TSRGD. Background In September 2008 a wide-ranging review of traffic signs policy was announced, with the principle objective of considering whether TSRGD was fit for purpose and, if it was not, in what form it should be provided to deliver a 21st-century traffic sign system.

The process was led and managed by a steering group comprising representatives of the key interested partners. The group included members from the road users’ organisations, local authorities, the devolved administrations, design and environment agencies, and enforcement agencies, as well as the police and relevant professional bodies. They helped develop an action plan that was reviewed and agreed by Ministers in May 2010.

It is the output of this action plan that has led us to where we are today with the revised version of TSRGD 2015.

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22

Regulations

Implications Broadly speaking, the changes are primarily aimed at reducing the regulatory burden to authorities and allowing them to make their own choices with guidance from TSRGD as to what signs to install, how they are made up and their frequency.

There is also significant provision within the revised regulations for cyclists, as this was seen as a key driver for change.What does that mean for the de-illumination of signs?

And has this gone far enough? Will we be entering a new era where no signs will need to be illuminated under the regulations? Will we see the end of bollards?

In short no, but as with all these things it’s never quite that straightforward. Once these new regulations are enforced there will still be a need to illuminate signs within a street lit area for: • Warning and regulatory signs, where headroom is restricted at low bridges or structures • Safety-critical regulatory signs • Regulatory terminal signs including give way, no entry, speed limit, vehicle restrictions (including for low and narrow bridges) and banned manoeuvres • Motorway entry, exit, gantrymounted signs It is also not quite as simple as saying that if your sign does not fall into any of the above categories you can just switch it off. If you are not illuminating the sign it must be reflectorised as a minimum, although direct illumination may still be applied where traffic authorities consider it prudent to do so.

The regulations also state that, ‘it is recommended that robust risk analysis should underpin any decision to do so on a caseby-case basis’. In addition, there is a new overarching regulation introducing a default lighting requirement for all traffic signs to be reflectorised, unless otherwise specified.

As well as the above, traffic authorities have the option not to directly light regulatory signs that are placed within a 20mph zone.

In such cases, these signs must be reflectorised. Again this must be based on a robust risk analysis and on a ‘case-by-case basis’.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Questions Although that is just a very quick overview of changes to de-illumination of sign lights, it was this that triggered a number of questions that do not seem to have been addressed: • Will it actually save the authority any money?

• What does the local DNO think?

• Are there sufficient staff levels to carry out robust risk assessments for each case?

• What would class somebody as competent to carry out the risk assessment?

• Will these changes result in a race to the bottom in an effort to save money?

• Will local politicians use this as a political football without fully understanding the implications?

• Is a little knowledge dangerous?

• Will it take a test case to fully establish what is reasonable in the eyes of the law?

• If de-illuminating, how do drivers see signs that are parallel to them, such as No Entry on side roads, as there will be no direct illumination to make them stand out. How will this be tackled in a risk assessment?

There is significant provision in the revisions for cyclists, seen as a key driver for change

If de-illuminating, how do drivers see signs that are parallel to them, such as No Entry on side roads?

Regulations

23

• What would they consider an acceptable time period for having de-illuminated signposts disconnected?

In their responses, only 50 per cent of the DNOs could offer any information on what they would deem as acceptable and the other 50 per cent seemed to be in the dark regarding the potential changes.

Of those that could respond, they all said the same thing: that if the asset is no longer drawing power from the DNO’s supply it must be disconnected as soon as the sign light is removed or switched off.

I know across the UK the cost for a disconnection has huge variations and I am not about to carry out a cost analysis, but it does throw up some more questions:

If an authority wants to de-illuminate its signs, it must factor in the cost of disconnecting the supply

It is not my aim to give a full detailed guide to the changes to TSRGD or to answer all of the above questions. It is to start a debate into how we, as lighting professionals, can implement these changes, and to try and involve those who are as yet not engaged with this revision process. Like it or not, these changes are coming. We therefore need to understand them, how they will affect us from all perspectives, and what we need to know and do in order to respond to them.

The more I look into this the more questions I have, and the less people are able to provide me with any clarity You may think that the changes appear clean cut – we can’t just turn off all the signs that don’t have to be illuminated under the new regulation.

It really is not as simple as that.

Notwithstanding the need to carry out a case-by-case robust risk assessment and change the sign plate to reflectorised, if it is not already, there are other factors that need to be considered. A major one of these is the cost of the de-illumination of existing signs.

You might argue that little cost is involved because all we have to do is pull the fuse or switch the isolator off.

For some that may be the case, but for the vast majority it will not. Over the years more and more signposts have been connected directly to the local DNOs’ networks, as local authorities did not want the ongoing cost of maintaining a private network of cables. This means that if an authority wishes to de-illuminate its signs with existing DNO supplies in, it must budget in the cost of removing that supply from the signpost. But we can leave the supply in situ for months, I hear the collective cry go up. No, this is not the case. In researching this article I contacted all of the DNOs in the UK asking the following.

• What is their stance on having a live supply in signposts that have been de-illuminated?

• Is it more cost-effective to keep the sign lit?

• Would it be more cost-effective to reduce the energy associated in lighting the sign compared with de-illuminating it?

• How does the risk assessment stack up if we are leaving live electrical supplies in assets that would, from the outside, appear to have none?

• Who would be responsible for ensuring that any supplies, DNO or private, if left in place remain safe?

• If we are truly considering the environmental impact and carbon production, should we not also factor in that of the work to de-illuminate, as a balanced score card approach?

As I have maintained from the outset, I don’t have all of the answers.

In fact the more I look into this the more questions I have, and the less people are able to provide me with any clarity. I would suggest that we as a community start to tackle these questions, and define what it is we need to know and do. We are far more effective united then we are as individuals.

I would also issue a challenge to any groups out there that are already addressing these questions.

Are you communicating with us in a way that engages us? Are your communication methods reaching us? Do we know the lines of communication into these groups?

I look forward to seeing how we as a community respond to this change.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

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Artificial daylightt

Blue sky thinking A highly sophisticated window system that replicates the optical qualities of daylight

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Artificial daylight

27

O

ne of the more unusual products to make its debut at an event during Light and Building was an artificial skylight/window that probably gets closer than any other to offering an approximation of the real thing.

Rather more complicated than simply positioning RGB (or even RGBAW) LEDs behind opalised glass, the Italian-developed CoeLux combines three key elements: the latest LED technology which reproduces the sunlight’s spectrum; a sophisticated optical system that creates the sensation of the distance between the sky and the sun; and nanostructured materials, only a few millimetres thick, which recreate the entire Rayleigh scattering process which occurs in the atmosphere.

The effect is to reproduce the physical effects and optical phenomena of natural light – the deep uniform blue of the sky, the direction of the sun’s rays, the contrasting luminance of colour in light and shadow, the movement of the sun across the sky, and particularly the diffusion and transmission of sunlight through the atmosphere.

CoeLux is the result of a 10-year scientific research project

by Professor Paolo Di Trapani, a physicist of the Department of Science and High Technology at the University of Insubria in Como. Given €2.5m funding by the EU under the 7th Framework Program for research and development, the system has been validated by the European Commission, which selected it as one of the 12 most technologically innovative projects in Europe, and included it at the Innovation Convention 2014 in Brussels.

Prof Di Trapani was inspired by the accounts of Marcel Minnaert, a Dutch astronomer of Belgian origin, in his book Light and Color in the Outdoors, in which the author examines numerous natural optical phenomena. Di Trapani began trying to capture these effects artificially, verifying the accuracy of Minnaert’s accounts under laboratory conditions.

The system he eventually devised has three settings: Northern European light, the light of the Mediterranean and tropical light.

CoeLux 30, featuring a 30-degree angle beam relative to the horizon, is designed for Nordic countries. It is a wall window, capable of reproducing a warm, grazing light.

The Mediterranean version, CoeLux 45, is a skylight featuring a 45-degree ceiling beam that offers an equal balance of light and shade.

CoeLux 60, also a skylight, recreates tropical light patterns, with cooler, vertical sunlight, and the maximum luminance contrast of light and shadow.

The system is now in commercial development and scheduled for release in late 2014. www.colelux.com ‘By reproducing Rayleigh scattering via the nanocomposite matrices CoeLux effectively produces natural sunlight from artificial lighting. By adjusting the nanocomposite matrices, the quality of the light can be changed – for example, introducing a sunset or stormy lighting conditions – while depth perception means that the light appears as a window to a sunny sky, with the actual source of the light seemingly many thousands of miles away.’

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Lighting Journal July/August 2014

28

Guidance

Forming an attachment

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Guidance

From baskets and banners to wastebins and WiFi, the new edition of PLG06 has been expanded way beyond its original remit. Stuart Bulmer examines the changes

29

types of attachment into consideration. The guidance now includes the following, for example: • • • • • •

Flags and banners Seasonal decorations Floral displays Litter bins, notices and public transport timetables Advertising WiFi access points, mobile phone masts, radio signal transmitters and repeaters

T

o launch a guide that talks about seasonal decorations in summer could be considered poor timing. However, many of you who deal with such matters will appreciate that this is the time when local authorities, chambers of trade and so on are looking to set their budgets and purchase equipment for the Christmas period or other ethnic religious celebrations.

The original Code of Practice for the Installation, Operation and Removal of Seasonal Decorations was instigated at the request of the then County Surveyors’ Society (CSS) and was revised in 2005 with the publication of the second edition. Of course, over the years since the publication of the second edition many standards have inevitably changed both in terms of structural and electrical considerations.

This is a significant move by the authors to address an increasing tendency by other departments of a local authority to attach a variety of items to lighting columns. As we all know many of these columns were not designed to take some of this increased loading.

One question asked at the time of the first edition of the code was, ‘why do we need a code of practice for a few fairy lights?’

One question asked at the time of the first edition of the code was, ‘why do we need a code of practice for a few fairy lights?’ This was often asked by the leaders of Chambers of Trade or Commerce who, in those far off days, took on the responsibility of erecting the Christmas lighting, often carried out from the back of Mr Jones the butcher’s van and on occasions without the knowledge of the lighting authority.

I recall one occasion where I was referred to in the local newspaper as Scrooge Stuart Bulmer (they actually got the name wrong by calling me Steven) and on another occasion receiving the entire Chamber of Commerce for a small town in my very small office during the hottest day in May. I was informing them that they were responsible for putting a permanent bend on the street lighting columns by attaching cross-road catenary wires on to them. Those banana columns (as we referred to them) are still in situ.

Hence the need for PLG06.

The latest edition has been retitled. No longer do we refer to it as a code of practice but as a guidance document.

Also this document doesn’t deal only with seasonal decorations, but has been expanded to take many other

The guidance therefore delves more deeply into the various elements of design for lighting columns and is of particular use to mechanical and structural engineers who must be consulted before embarking on projects that require attachments on lighting columns.

This Professional Lighting Guide has been developed to help those planning attachments not only to columns but other street furniture and buildings. The document has been written so that the executive summary gives an overview, while more detailed information of use to those with the necessary specialisms is contained in the main body of text. The intention is that the lay person has an overview of what needs to be considered, followed by information for the competent person engaged in delivering that activity.

For this second group, a flow chart is provided to help the practitioner find a solution without having to trawl through the entire document.

The document itself has eight chapters, the first two of which deal in detail with health and safety, and competency and training subjects which have been given only a limited

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

30

Guidance degree of recognition in previous editions. The emphasis on competency comes as a result of attachments being installed by personnel who may have some electrical knowledge but who don’t have the training and necessary competency cards such as the HA Sector Scheme requirements of NHSS 8, administered by the HEA. The specific technical chapters deal with all possible elements of attachments, whether seasonal decorations or simply flower baskets, and have been written by specialists who are expert in their particular fields. So we see chapters on the subject of fixing decorations/attachments to existing columns, column testing and inspection, as well as anchorage systems and catenary structures.

The chapter on electrical requirements (chapter 7) is written to take account of any changes to BS7671 that may have taken place since the last edition of the code. This chapter also considers maintenance requirements, as well as the use of central management systems to control the switch on and switch off times of decorations.

The final chapter looks at licensing arrangements.

Each authority should be using a licensing approach to the erection of attachments to the street lighting, and the example in the guidance shows a typical licence that can be used to ensure that the authority’s requirements are met. Also contained in this chapter is information relating to the Traffic Management Act 2004, which is dealt with in significant detail in one of the appendices. There is also information on wayleaves and easements, aesthetics and some information on safe clearances.

A series of appendices follows. There are five in total: • Appendix 1 gives a typical set of design calculations which go into some detail but are quite straightforward to follow • Appendix 2 gives a full flow chart to help the reader to determine which of the solutions and elements of the guidance are necessary to apply to his or her particular scheme • Appendix 3 gives a detailed explanation of the Traffic Management Act 2004 as noted above • Appendix 4 looks at possible wiring solutions in diagrammatic form when using the authority’s CMS to control the switch on and switch off of illuminated decorations.

• Appendix 5 provides us with a licence template which is in accordance with the Highways Act 1980 section 178, along with the standard notes explaining the provisions of this Act of Parliament The final publication of PLG06 is now imminent. It has taken longer than we anticipated to complete but a number of factors contributed to the delay, the main being the investigation and additional work required to include all of the additional attachments that I have outlined above.

This guidance is a must-have for all local authorities where such decorations are likely to be installed and for those practitioners who will be tasked with providing such attachments to lighting columns and cross-road catenary decorations. It will be available for purchase or for members to download from the ILP website.

PLG06: Guidance on installation and maintenance of seasonal decorations and lighting column attachments is scheduled for publication in July.

Go to www.theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

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32

Future concept

Making waves

A new light-bending chip could turn a phone into a mini projector

P

rojectors have got a lot less clunky over the years but it’s conceivable that we could do without them altogether and use our mobile phones instead. A new light-bending silicon chip has been developed by researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) which would allow your phone to project a bright, clear image on to a wall or a big screen.

The chip was developed by Ali Hajimiri, Thomas G Myers Professor of Electrical Engineering, and researchers in his laboratory.

The results of their project were presented recently at the Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) conference in San Francisco.

Traditional projectors pass a beam of light through a tiny image, using lenses (often bulky and expensive) to map each point of the small picture to corresponding, yet expanded, points

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

on a large screen. The Caltech chip uses an integrated optical phased array (OPA) to project the image electronically with only a single laser diode as light source and no mechanically moving parts.

According to the Caltech website, the research team has bypassed traditional optics by manipulating the coherence of light, allowing them to ‘bend’ the light waves on the surface of the chip without lenses or using any mechanical movement.

‘By changing the relative timing of the waves, you can change the direction of the light beam,’ says Hajimiri. For example, if 10 people kneeling in line by a swimming pool slap the water at the exact same instant, they will make one big wave that travels directly away from them.

But if the 10 separate slaps are staggered – each person hitting the water a half a second after the last –

there will still be one big, combined wave, but with the wave bending to travel at an angle, he explains.

The OPA chip slows down or speeds up the timing of the waves using the same principle, with phase shifters controlling the direction of the light beam. Electronic data from a computer are converted into multiple electrical currents to form an image.

By applying stronger or weaker currents to the light within the phase shifter, the number of electrons within each light path changes. This in turn changes the timing of the light wave in that path. These timed light waves are then delivered to tiny array elements within a grid on the chip. The light is then projected from each array, so that the individual beams combine in the air to form a single light beam and a spot on the screen.

As the electronic signal rapidly steers the beam left, right, up, and

down, the light acts as a very fast pen, drawing an image made of light on the projection surface, explains Hajimiri.

Because the direction of the light beam is controlled electronically rather than mechanically, this can be achieved very quickly. As the light draws many times a second, the eye sees the process as a single image instead of a moving light beam, says Hajimiri.

‘The new thing about our work is really that we can do this on a tiny, one-millimetre-square silicon chip, and the fact that we can do it very rapidly – rapidly enough to form images, since we phase-shift electronically in two dimensions,’ says Behrooz Abiri, a graduate student in Hajimiri’s group and a coauthor of the paper.

Light is projected from each array, individual beams combine in the air to form a single light beam and a spot on the screen At this point the projected images are very basic – single letters or a basic geometric shape (see image top right) – but the team is currently experimenting with larger chips that include more light-delivering array elements. This should both improve the resolution and increase the complexity of the images.

So far Hajimiri and his colleagues have used infrared light because that

33

Photography: Ali Hajimiri/Caltech

Future concept

works best with silicon technology.

However, the next step is to use different types of semiconductors which will allow the researchers to work with the visible spectrum.

‘If you want to project visible light, you can take the exact same architecture and do it in what’s called compound semiconductor III-V technology,’ says Firooz Aflatouni, another coauthor. ‘Silicon is good because it can be easily integrated into electronics, but these other compound semiconductors could be used to do the same thing.’

According to Hajimiri, the chip could have other applications apart from turning a phone into a projector, including light-based radar systems (Lidar), used in positioning, robotics, geographical measurements and mapmaking. Again current Lidar technology involves complex, bulky and expensive equipment.

‘But I don’t want to limit the device to just a few purposes,’ says Hajimiri.

‘The beauty of this thing is that these chips are small and can be made at a very low cost – and this opens up lots of interesting possibilities.’

The results were outlined in a presentation titled Electronic TwoDimensional Beam Steering for Integrated Optical Phased Arrays.

To download the academic paper go to www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract. cfm?uri=OFC-2014-M2K.7

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

34

President’s address

Business before pleasure

Where should our priorities lie? asked Mark Johnson, ILP president, in a series of addresses to members around the country ‘I think at times the regions and members need to remember that we’re a professional institution and not a golf club,’ ILP president Mark Johnson has told members at a succession of regional AGMs. The observation, he said, had been made by a councillor at the March meeting of the council. ‘It is interesting to note that if a councillor feels that way then maybe we all need to look at where our priorities lie and perhaps remember that social events should be secondary,’ he continued. ‘Are we here to provide golf days and dinner dances, or technical advice and training for our members?

I think it’s something we should think about.’

Johnson also emphasised the importance of input from members. ‘I would reiterate the recent call from the vice

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

president technical for subjects for future PLGs to come from the members and not the central ILP think tank. We need to know what you want. Please remember the institution is here for its members’ benefit and support, so speak to your RTLO who will be more than happy to pass your thoughts on. How can we deliver what members want if you do not inform us?’

Johnson said that it was a continuing disappointment that members are not taking up these offers of engagement.

‘Yet when opportunities arise at social occasions for people to chat to either myself or the CEO we get bombarded with ideas and suggestions.’

Turning to the regional structure, he said that it was being reorganised to reflect the national structure, and committee members are to be allocated roles mirroring central agendas. ‘Therefore the old scenario of time-served members and “your turn next” for regional posts no longer applies. The regions have autonomy to select the right person for the role no matter how long they may have been on committee. Regional officers can serve a longer term if the committee deems fit. You choose.’

President’s address It was pleasing to note that many regions now have their own newsletters which enable them to communicate with their members as often as possible, he continued. ‘It is even more important to keep abreast of developments both nationally and regionally given that time away from the office is now so constrained. In some cases this has forced some regions to reduce the number of technical seminars.

Newsletters take time to compile so do them the justice and respect of reading them and don’t just hit delete. There is useful stuff in them and you can even contribute.

‘I would also encourage all regions to make greater use of their web pages,’ added Johnson. ‘Indeed all vice presidents have their own pages with contact details and copies of their business plans displayed for all to see, including the offer for members to contribute to the work of the institution.’

Moving on to more general matters, Johnson stressed the importance of education and training, both in terms of serving existing members and attracting new ones. ‘I believe it is crucial we promote the recently reviewed Competency Scheme to both members and employers, and ensure as wide a roll out as possible,’ he said. ‘We also need to encourage both individuals and employers to recognise the importance and value of being a member of the institution and the fact that Engineering Council registration can be achieved in a relatively straightforward way.

‘From whatever background we have to do our utmost to equip the next generation of ILP members with the knowledge, the training and the competence to do the job.’

A good start had been made, said Johnson. The ILP’s flagship Exterior Lighting Diploma, for instance, had been renewed and remodelled to reflect changing technologies.

‘That process goes on, together with our engagement of new tutors properly trained to deliver the Diploma Modules.’

New training was always being planned, he continued.

Mark Ridler, vice president architectural – and newly crowned Lighting Designer of the Year at the recent Lighting Design Awards – had launched the Skills Portal to help ILP members find appropriate training from other organisations with expertise in this field.

‘I would urge you all to take a look at this area on the website, and I would also ask that if anyone feels further courses are needed in addition to those offered by the institution that you contact your councillor, who will feed in the request for consideration.’

Recent courses introduced for members also included the Fundamentals in Lighting Course (FLC), photometry training and, the most recent addition, Fundamentals of LEDs (FLED). ‘This is proof of the ILP listening to members as this course was designed and implemented at their request,’ said Johnson. ‘From all this we can see that the institution is at the forefront of lighting education. We provide a lot; we must provide more.’

Johnson also looked at the relationship between the ILP and the lighting industry. ‘The profession relies greatly on the industry; without it the institution could not survive,’ he said. ‘Much of the educational provision I have described is underpinned by industry support, both financially and in terms of expertise and personnel. This is a unique partnership of mutual benefit.

‘It is in the industry’s interests to develop, educate and support the lighting professionals of the future because from them will come the ideas, the expertise and the knowledge to develop your business. A strong, independent professional body is in the best interest of the industry and support for our

35

educational programmes is crucial to our future and yours.

The two are not distinguishable.’

There are too many challenges ahead for the profession and the industry to work alone, he continued. ‘Mutual support is the only way forward to ensure that we have a properly trained and competent workforce in the future, and to ensure that British industry, design and technology are at the forefront of worldwide excellence in the years ahead.’

The key message, said Johnson in conclusion, was that the institution belonged to its members and needed their feedback, suggestions and time. ‘Don’t stand in the background moaning and whining,’ he said. ‘Come forward, join in and make the changes you want to make.

All regions are constantly looking for new life and new committee members so you have the opportunity – use it.’

Mark Johnson addressed seven regional AGMs over the past two months. For his progress report and an outline of current ILP structure, see over.

On changes since the transition to ILP • There has been a complete restructuring of the institution’s system of governance.

• It is designed to be more responsive and more inclusive.

• We have six vice-presidents: membership, education, technical, events, architectural, and highways and infrastructure.

• A 10-point plan was developed and approved by the ILP council, in consultation with the membership.

• The aims were to develop the institution as a focal point for the wider profession, to cover a broader scope of concerns and activities, and to encourage other professionals to join.

• The strategic direction of the institution is encapsulated in its new vision statement: ‘The institution unites the skills of engineering, design and technology in order to deliver quality lighting for the built environment and achieve public benefit. In setting and establishing standards for good practice, the institution seeks to ensure that its members attain and develop the professional knowledge, education and skills to meet necessary competencies and to enhance their careers. Working on exterior and interior projects in public spaces, workplace, leisure, retail and residential applications, members of the institution deliver excellence in light and lighting, a quality which is recognised by both private and public sectors.’

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

36

President’s address

Current structure Council The council, which sets strategy and policy, is the main body linking members and regions to the executive board and vice presidents. Each region is represented by a councillor.

Executive board • The executive board is responsible for the management of the institution’s affairs • It liaises with other bodies • It has financial duties (budgets, subscriptions, investments) • It takes operational business decisions • It shapes and models guidance on strategy recommendations from council • It holds vice president reviews and sets key performance indicators (KPI) • It deals with code of conduct issues • The board is made up of the CEO (non-voting), president, immediate past president, senior vice president, honorary treasurer (HT) and assistant honorary treasurer (AHT). All these posts are voluntary with the exception of the CEO Senior vice president (SVP) nomination process The pool of vice presidents, HT and AHT provide a route to becoming SVP. There is no right for any vice president, HT or AHT to become SVP. The past presidents – comprising at least five who have served in that role – meet to discuss applications from the post holders and judge them on a number of criteria. If they are unable to split the applications then all members will get the chance to vote on the candidates.

Vice presidents Again, these posts are all voluntary and unpaid. All members can apply when posts become available and all are encouraged to do so. It’s important to look out for any vacancy in the newsletter and on the website. Recently all members were invited to apply for the post of ILP CIE representative. Applications were received and the vice president technical made a recommendation that Nick Smith be appointed to the role. This was announced in the National Newsletter so that all members were aware. The vice president membership vacancy was put out for all members to apply for some time ago, as was the vice president technical post. Vice presidents can remain in post without advancing further if that is their choice and it best suits the longer term interests of the ILP. Regional membership officers and regional technical liaison officers These people are the mouthpieces of regional committees, they are regularly briefed by national officers and committees, and I urge you to use them and question them as to what is going on. It is really important that those representatives do their presentations to members at every regional meeting.

Young Lighting Professionals (YLP) All regions have engagement with the YLP. The executive board has begun engaging more closely with them.

The current YLP chair, Fiona Horgan, has attended board and vice presidents’ meetings, and the YLP has played a key part in the redrafting of the Competency Scheme which is now republished and on the website.

Progress report • Membership is increasing. More than 200 new members joined in the whole of last year – this year more than 200 had joined by 30 April, 45 of them from the lighting design community.

• The ILP structure is evolving and will continue to evolve.

• Links to other bodies are developing: IHEEM, IALD, SLL, HEA, CIHT and others.

• A number of successful events have been held including Light School, Lightscene, the ILP Summit, Ecobuild and LuxLive.

• The executive board is becoming more visible by attending regional committee meetings.

• Identified as a key need by regions, council and vice presidents, the ILP has engaged a professional resource for marketing and communications as this area was not being well addressed.

• The Lighting Journal is now online.

• Professional Lighting Guides: – Free downloads are now available to members.

– Six PLGs were released in 2013. Regional technical liaison officers (RTLOs) have full details.

– Four PLGs are planned for 2014. Again, more information is available from RTLOs. They are also the link to the technical panels so please bring your suggestions for potential guides to them or make them aware if you would like to be involved in a panel. Your input is vital.

Reports in need of volunteers: • Guidance on car park lighting • Colour Temperatures of LEDs • Electrical Street Furniture • Revision of old TRs • TR22 (chaired by the London and South Eastern Region)

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38

CIE report

Research in development

Nigel Parry reports on the recent CIE conference and the outcome of the annual technical committee meetings of Division 4 of which he is editor CIE president Ann Webb gave the opening presentation for this year’s conference and later gave her own paper on Signalling in Fog. There were a few other British presentations. Luke Price reviewed the International Workshop on Circadian and Neurophysiological Photoreception, while Steve Fotios gave two papers, Lighting for Pedestrians, and Interpersonal Judgements, Lamp Spectrum and Task Difficulty. Another presentation outlined the rapid take up of new technology, including CMS, in producing energy savings for lighting in the UK. The conference was well attended with more than 300 delegates from around the globe.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

TC4-52: Lighting for Pedestrians The committee established suitable terms of reference for the empirical data that could be used to determine design criteria to meet the needs of pedestrians. This will consider costs and benefits, current practices, and how lighting influences the visual needs of pedestrians. Rob Van Huer from Belgium presented a test-case on how to interpret a wide variety of options using the CIE guidance to decide which design levels determine the use of P or M classes in Belgium.

Since the last meeting (Paris 2013) the chair has recently changed with Maurice Donner of the Netherlands taking over. Terms of reference were agreed to provide empirical data to improve road lighting for those with deteriorating vision, and it was also agreed to revise the report title so it was better defined. The consensus was to review what information could be gathered and form the technical committee next year, if this was agreed and there were sufficient members.

TC4-47: Application of LEDs in transport lighting and signalling The chair Steve Jenkins confirmed that this report is actually two reports, one for road lighting and the other for signalling, the last now basically complete. The road lighting section still requires additional information from members but the report should be ready for editing during the summer of 2014.

JTC 01: Mesopic Lighting in Outdoor Lighting Again there was a change of chair with Ron Gibbons taking the meeting, although Stuart Mucklejohn from Ceravision has now been appointed co-chair for Division 4.

Gibbons outlined the terms of reference and reminded the meeting of the three principal areas of work.

A number of research studies were presented to a packed meeting.

Teresa Goodman proposed a simplified route to preparing the report for a practical approach to

R4-40 (TC4-53): Lighting Design Guidance for Exterior Traffic Areas for an Ageing Society

CIE report road lighting. It was suggested that tasks should be divided, so that one group worked on the vision (adaptive field/eye movement) and one on a pragmatic application. Mucklejohn will lead on the practical approach, due for completion by the next meeting in Manchester 2015.

TC4-33: Discomfort and Disability Glare in Road Lighting Ron Gibbons is chair and a draft report exists. Members provided an update on research.

Stephan Volker outlined his measurements on LED arrays and found that looking directly at the luminaire produces more glare, but for drivers and pedestrians using the streets there is little difference.

Daisy Lai gave a short presentation on the ‘influence of light source on discomfort glare’, and outlined her lab experiments comparing pixel and single light sources, and results of field trials. She also presented a paper on the influence of a luminaire’s beam shape on discomfort glare; the fact that LED lens designers are making the distribution more peaky to achieve greater spacings could lead to greater glare from each luminaire. In tests, subjects perceived much less glare when viewing multiple sources along

the street, said Lai, especially in their peripheral vision.

Yandan Lin also presented her research on disability and discomfort glare. In summary, she found that LEDs are not a problem in this respect, and that consideration of peak beam angles around 80 degrees could be beneficial.

TC4-50: Road Surface Reflection Giuseppe Rossi chaired the meeting and outlined the committee’s progress to date, which has been very little during the past few years. It was decided to appoint a new co-chair, Haldun Demirdes. The report should be completed in two years.

TC 4-51: Optimisation of Road Lighting Per Ole Wanvik opened the meeting as the new chair and outlined a short history of the committee. The terms of reference were agreed on providing guidance on road lighting to balance the benefits and costs, notably safety and energy.

The content list of the report was reviewed and various points discussed. There was then a series of presentations.

Ron Gibbons gave an analysis of accidents during the day and night-

time, and traffic flows, and explained how his research across the USA is providing some surprising results.

Rob Van Huer examined CMS/ intelligent lighting, and looked at dirt depreciation on LEDs at a 5m mounting height. He found that dirt can affect the critical angle of distribution. Further research is being done and will be presented at the Manchester CIE conference.

Petter Hafdell gave an update on a recent Swedish study on road lighting requirements for cyclists and older pedestrians.

Dionyz Gasparovsky reviewed the effect of luminance depending on sunset times. In addition he presented an update on EN13201 Part 5: energy measurements.

Aleksanteri Ekrais reported on a study in Finland that looked at RTAs. Ekrais had done a cost-benefit analysis based on the research, which had found that there was little difference between traffic speeds on lit and unlit roads.

The CIE conference, Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency 2014, was held in Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia, from 24-26 April and the annual meeting of Division 4 was held from 28-30 April

e u s s I r e b m e t p e S r fo s e r Featu Controlling interests: Saving energy through CMS

Getting the measure of daylight: The pros and cons of CBDM

Lightscene pick:

Darryl Bullock on maintenance factors

39

40

VPs’ column

The main event Alan Jaques, VP events, looks forward to the

Professional Lighting Summit this September

W

ith the holiday season now about to get into full swing it’s time to spare a thought for the events team in Rugby as it’s their busiest time of the year.

The Lightscene Scotland event, held in Cumbernauld on 7 May, included the Scottish Region AGM, and was again very well supported by the membership. Two papers were presented there, the first by Fiona Horgan in her position as chair of the YLP. Fiona spoke about how the future of the institution lay with the youngest members and how they needed the support and encouragement of the senior members of their organisations to allow them to attend technical meetings.

The future of our institution and industry is in the hands of our youngest members and I would encourage all employers to consider sending one of their most junior staff to the PLS this year I have always thought it something of a paradox that the most experienced members of our institution tend to be the ones who attend the technical events while the more junior team members, who arguably would benefit more from attending, find it difficult to gain approval to attend.

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

The second paper was by Darryl Bullock on the very topical subject of what maintenance factors should be applied to LED luminaires and how the information provided by the manufacturers can vary. Feedback from attendees and exhibitors to this event has been very positive, and much of the credit for this must go to Jess and the team in Rugby.

The premier annual national event is the Professional Lighting Summit (PLS), which this year is being held on 24 and 25 September at the St John’s Hotel in Solihull. The change from the Annual Conference to the Professional Lighting Summit two years ago revitalised the institution’s premium national event and as a result it has gone from strength to strength.

Attendance numbers are increasing each year, the exhibition spaces are selling out in record time and the delegate cost remains as competitive as ever. As both of the previous summits were at opposite ends of the country (Brighton and Glasgow) we are confident that the central location of Solihull will ensure that attendance figures improve still further.

Importantly, the PLS is not all about location, location, location.

This year’s event will further build on the success of the previous two events by having the most topical papers being given by some of the best presenters in our industry.

Some of the papers confirmed so far cover topics such as: • The total sustainability of lighting solutions, ensuring that designers and clients don’t just concentrate on energy usage • Photometry of LED-based products • The preliminary results of the Lanterns project • Identifying what lies within the bill for energy supply

As before, in addition to the two full days of formal presentations there will be parallel workshop sessions.

These sessions have been gaining in popularity significantly and are much more interactive than the formal presentations in the main auditorium.

One of the most popular workshops at the Glasgow event was on the Primary Engineer initiative, and following on from this Steve Anderson will be presenting a formal paper this year about teaching children engineering.

To echo Fiona’s sentiments, the future of our institution and industry is in the hands of our youngest members and I would encourage all employers to consider sending one of their most junior staff to the PLS this year. The long-term benefits for both company and individual will far outweigh the initial upfront costs.

The programmes for all of our events need to be as relevant to the membership as possible. Both national and regional ILP events will only be successful if they have quality papers presented by knowledgeable speakers, but the most important criterion remains relevance.

The papers need to address the current concerns and issues affecting the membership, so I would encourage anyone with an idea for a presentation to contact me as it will greatly assist me in delivering stimulating events.

Additionally, I am happy to receive any feedback from events that you have attended or even to hear the reasons why you haven’t attended events. It’s your institution and the best way for us to improve ILP national and regional events is with your input.

The full-time delegate places at the Professional Lighting Summit always sell out quickly. I would therefore urge all of you to book your places now and not wait until you come back from your summer holiday. alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

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www.theilp.org.uk/summit The must attend event for any lighting professional 24 & 25 September 2014, St John’s Hotel, Solihull

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Steve Anderson AMILP HonPrimEng Ivan Perre BE BScIEng MIET MILP, London Underground Derek Westney, npower Paul Traynor BEng (Hons) PLDA MSLL gradCIBSE MIET, Light Bureau Dr Robert Shaw, Durham University Chris Sutherland, Studio Fractal Kelly Smith, Thorn Lighting John Bullock, John Bullock Lighting Design Dr Phil Edwards & Dr Chloe Perkins, LSHTM

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42

Products

What’s new Selux

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Vibia

Bamboo and Empty Vibia has introduced a range of outdoor luminaires, among which are Bamboo (near right) and Empty (far right). Designed by Antoni Arola and Enric Rodríguez, Bamboo comes in rust and offwhite matt lacquer finishes.

With a methacrylate diffuser, it can be built-in or surface installed.

Light source is a 3W LED. With a durable white or grey polymer cement structure, Empty has concealed 4.3W or 8.6W 24V LED strip and a methacrylate diffuser. www.vibia.com

Collingwood Lighting

H4 FF downlight According to Collingwood, the 8.5W H4 FF is the UK’s first tiltable and dimmable LED downlight to be fire-rated, moisture-resistant, and small enough to fit a recess of only 56mm. It has an IP65 rating and is fully Part L compliant for 90 minutes’ fire resistance, sound attenuation and air tightness. The lamps tilt up to 20 degrees to either side at the touch of a finger, and come in 38 or 60-degree beam angles. Colour temperatures are neutral or warm white. The luminaire’s low profile allows it to fit into shallow ceiling voids. It comes with a 5mm bezel in a choice of brushed steel, chrome and white finishes. The company has a patent pending on the mechanism that enables a tiltable fitting to be fire-resistant and moisture-tight, and gives a seven-year extended warranty. www.collingwoodlighting.co.uk

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

Products

43

Belux

Abraxus

Chroma Balls Festive lighting manufacturer Abraxus has developed a number of DMXcontrollable lighting products, one of which is Chroma Balls. It comprises addressable colour LEDs encapsulated in polymer resin which allow individual DMX control. They can be use indoors and outdoors, and come spaced 200mm, 400mm or 600mm apart on different colour cables. They can be used for runs of 70m-plus, and can be installed as festoons and light curtains among other decorative applications.

Karo Karo LED luminaires come in floorstanding, desk-mounted and pendant versions. LEDs are recessed into the sides of the cast aluminium square lamp head, sending the light horizontally through the optical system, with 50-50 upward/downward distribution. The applied lighting control technology (patent pending), ensures symmetrical glarefree and very even illumination. The 90W luminaire can light a double workstation.

The floor and desk versions are also available with asymmetrical lighting control. The lamp head of these models can be tilted. There is also a choice between a dimmable and a Multisens daylight and motion-controlled version.

Colour temperature is 4000K (CRI80).

Finish is black or white. www.belux.com

www.abraxuslighting.co.uk

Lumino

Vector V361 V36I
, an IP68 rated in-ground profile, is a new addition to Lumino’s V36 range of linear LED profiles. It works with the V36G ground channel mounting system and incorporates a seamless edge-toedge 8mm laminated OPX glass diffuser designed to provide consistent linear optical diffusion without any imaging of individual LEDs. It can be specified in standard or bespoke lengths and provides seamless linear joins for any required length owing to its invisible under-glass endcap design. The V36 range includes versions for interior surface or recessed installation, along with exterior inground applications. All models are available in power ratings from 7W/m to 40W/m, and CCTs of 2600K, 2900K, 3300K, 3800K, 5000K, along with static colours and RGB options.

Custom specified versions can be built to order.Up to three different types of separately controlled LEDs can be mixed within the same profile giving more than 1000 potential configurations. www.lumino.co.uk

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

44

Independent lighting design

Dirty light and epic fails And how the lighting designer helps you avoid them, says Emma Cogswell, IALD UK projects manager I’m very fortunate in that I get to meet lots of new people all the time.

Sometimes it’s at trade events and sometimes at non-lighting places.

When this happens, one of the default questions I get asked is, ‘What do you do?’ ‘I’m a lighting designer,’ I reply.

The response to this normally goes one of two ways: ‘Is that a job?’ or, ‘I guess lighting is really important.’

I believe everyone understands light, they just don’t think too deeply about it. I have a local example.

There is an Italian restaurant near my house. The quality of the food and exuberance of the hosts far outstrip the quality of the interior design.

They are independent so you can forgive some of the finer points – they don’t have a brand guide book to refer to, and have to live and die by each week’s takings. But I can’t help thinking that scrimping on the lighting was a mistake. The restaurant is fitted out with poor LED MR16 retrofits.

One of my dinner guests observed that, ‘The light in here is odd, isn’t it?’ Yes I replied. ‘It’s grey.’ They said they didn’t think that was possible.

‘It’s dirty light,’ I said.

On one hand, you can just about see what you are doing but the quality of the light is dreadful, the space looks dead. A properly lit space using the same amount of power, or even less, would make the room a beautiful space, picking out the grand Victorian architectural features including vaulted ceilings. LEDs could still be used, but with care and attention to where the fittings are placed, what colour temperature is used and not relying entirely on downlighting.

To use my teenager’s language it’s an epic fail not to use a lighting designer no matter which specialist field the client is looking at. Having someone who can interpret a situation

Lighting Journal July/August 2014

using appropriate equipment and controls will undoubtedly reap social and financial benefits.

Even within the construction industry I still meet people who say they didn’t know lighting design existed or had not realised that there is a whole industry dedicated to it.

At the May Design Series I was asked to present alongside an interior designer and a manufacturer.One of the questions I was asked was, why hire a lighting designer?

Given the massive array of situations lighting covers my mind went blank for a moment. It was a simple question but almost too difficult to answer. Because light is an instrinsic part of everything we do.

Without light we don’t exist.

Lighting designers give value to a project not simply by making things look nice but having the ability to choose the right fittings for the job – allowing spaces to come alive, reveal points of interest or safety concerns, and be intelligent about energy usage and control. The designer’s fee is paid many times over given the benefits to the clients.

For one thing there is the lighting energy issue. As we all know lighting is a major energy drain. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that in 2012, around 461bn kWh of electricity were used for lighting by the residential and commercial sectors. This was some 17 per cent of the total electricity consumed by both of these sectors and about 12 per cent of total US electricity consumption. Residential lighting consumption was around 186bn kWh or 14 per cent of all residential electricity consumption.

The commercial sector, which includes commercial and institutional buildings, and public street and

highway lighting, consumed about 274bn kWh for lighting or about 21 per cent of commercial sector electricity consumption. The EIA does not have an estimate specifically for public street and highway lighting.

There are potential savings for the client in other areas, which a lighting designer will also be alert to. Ian Stanton, sales director of iGuzzini, is quoted as saying that, ‘Lighting is a very important part of the built environment, yet it often gets little attention.’ He points out that 94 per cent of a lighting fixture’s costs are in the use phase, yet most choices are made based on the capital cost.

This means that lower quality fixtures get chosen, they fail incredibly quickly and require attention – which means relamping and even replacing.

This in turn means that the owner ends up spending more money on the lighting scheme over the course of several years. And this is even before maintenance costs are considered, says Stanton.

‘If you have a supplier quoting market-beating prices, you need to dig a little deeper and see if they have the relevant testing data and certification to back it up.’ With LEDs you also need to make sure of the light quality by questioning the manufacturer’s approach to bin classes, the colour rendering index and what MacAdams ellipse its products promise.

These are just a few of around 20 questions that Stanton maintains you need to ask to make sure you are getting a quality lighting fixture.

At the end of the day, he says, and as the lighting designer knows, ‘the higher quality fixture will always ultimately save money’.

So my reply at the May Design Series presentation was, why wouldn’t you hire a lighting designer?

Diary 2014 15

16-17

28

LR&T Symposium (Lighting Research and Technology) Better Metrics for Better Lighting Venue: Roberts Building, UCL London WC1 www.sll.org.com

The Energy Show Venue: NEC, Birmingham www.theenergyevent.com

How to be Brilliant: at photometrics, light meters and lux levels (Organised by the ILP) Speaker: Joe Vose Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

July

29

July

How to be Brilliant: at daylighting (Organised by the ILP) Speaker: Arfon Davies, Arup Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

12

August

Fundamental Lighting Course (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

13

August

Fundamental LED Course (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

14

August

Practical Street Lighting (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jess@theilp.org.uk

2-4

September

ALAN 2014 (Artificial Light at Night) Venue: Hugh Aston Building, Faculty of Business and Law, De Montfort University, Leicester www.dmu.ac.uk

3-5

September

Shanghai International Lighting Fair Venue: Shanghai New International Expo Centre www.light.messefrankfurt.com.cn

15-19

September

24-25

September

ILP Professional Lighting Summit Venue: St John’s Hotel, Solihull jess@theilp.org.uk

25

September

Inaugural Jonathan Speirs Memorial Lecture Speaker: Mark Major Venue: Glasgow City Chambers www.sll.org.uk

30

September

How to be Brilliant: at diversity in lighting (Organised by the ILP) Speaker: David Atkinson Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

30

September (- 2 April)

LED professional Symposium and Expo 2014 (LpS) Venue: Festspielhaus, Bregenz, Austria www.LpS2014.com

16-18

October

IALD Enlighten Americas Venue: Hilton San Diego Resort and Spa, San Diego, California www.iald.org

20-24

October

11

November

Fundamental Lighting Course (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

12

November

TR22: Managing a vital asset (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

13

November

New British Standard for lighting: BS5489 (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

19-20

November

LuxLIve Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.luxlive.co.uk

20

November

Young Lighter of the Year LuxLive Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.sll.org.uk

October

20

23-25

Lux Awards Venue: The Troxy 490 Commercial Road, London E1 www.luxawards.co.uk

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 2 Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

October

Light in the City Location: Eskilstuna, Sweden www.cityoflight.jyvaskyla.fi/english/ projects/lic/activities/eskilstuna

September

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 1 Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events/

29 July: How to be Brilliant at – daylighting, Arfon Davies of Arup, ACDC Studio, London N1

November

24-28

November

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 3 Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

LIGHTING DIRECTORY ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607

BANNERS WIND RELEASING

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting.

We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

LUCY LIGHTING

CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297

Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/ Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS • Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators

LIGHTING COLUMNS

• Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk

www.lucyzodion.com

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297

LIGHTING CONTROLS

LIGHTING LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS • Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk www.lucyzodion.com

METER ADMINISTRATION

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

TRAINING SERVICES

CPD Accredited Training • AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210 Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690 info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Consultants Carl Ackers

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL Built Environment Consulting Ltd 5 Redwing Court, Long Acre Willow Farm Business Park Castle Donington DE74 2UH

T: +44 (0) 1332 811711 M: 07867 784906 E: carlackers@bec-consulting.co.uk W: www.bec-consulting.co.uk

BEC are Chartered building services consultants based in Castle Donington in the East Midlands.

Our location allows us to serve the whole of the UK from our central base. With many years’ experience we are able to bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the design process. Our vision is to deliver class leading sustainable solutions for the built environment, including specialist internal and external lighting design and specification services. record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Steven Biggs IEng MILP

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Listing is included on main ILP website with logo (www.theilp.org.uk)

John Conquest

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP 4way Consulting Ltd Fernbank House, Tytherington Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2XA.

T: 01625 348349 F: 01625 610923 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com W: www.4wayconsulting.com 4way Consulting provides exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialises in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector (including PFI/DBFO).

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP

Technical Director (Lighting)

WSP WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Professional exterior lighting and electrical services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice regarding energy and carbon reduction strategies, lighting efficiency legislation, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. Registered competent designers and HERS registered site personnel.

IEng MILP

Team Principals

Skanska Infrastructure Services

WSP

Dodson House, Fengate Peterborough PE1 5FS

Unit 9, The Chase, John Tate Road, Foxholes Business Park, Hertford SG13 7NN

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com

Alistair Scott

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE Designs for Lighting Ltd 17 City Business Centre, Hyde Street, Winchester SO23 7TA

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk W: designsforlighting.co.uk Professional lighting design consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting.

Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Anthony Smith

Colin Fish

Technical Lead for Lighting Design

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk W: www.skanska.co.uk

Allan Howard

IEng FILP

Are you an individual member of the ILP? Do you offer lighting consultancy?

Make sure you are listed here

Director

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd Lighting & Electrical Consultants, Dukes Way, Teesside Industrial Estate, Thornaby Cleveland TS17 9LT

T: 01642 766114 F: 01642 765509 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk Specialist in all forms of exterior lighting including; Motorway, Major & Minor Highway Schemes, Architectural Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Open Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Strategies, EIA’s, Planning Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areasof construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Professional services providing design and technical support for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations and their effect on the community.

Lorraine Calcott

Stephen Halliday EngTech AMILP

Alan Jaques

Nick Smith

It Does Ltd

Team Principals

Sector Leader – Exterior Lighting

Milton Keynes Business Centre, Foxhunter Drive, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

WSP

Atkins

Nick Smith Associates Limited

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

T: 01908 698869 M: 07990 962692 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk W: www.itdoes.co.uk Professional award winning international lighting designer Lorraine Calcott creates dynamic original lighting schemes from a sustainable and energy management perspective. Helping you meet your energy targets, reduce bottom line cost and increase your ‘Green’ corporate image whilst still providing the wow factor with your interior, exterior or street lighting project.

Mark Chandler EngTech AMILP

The Victoria,150-182 The Quays, Salford, Manchester M50 3SP

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways. PFI technical advisor and certifier support. HERS registered site personnel.

Philip Hawtrey BTech IEng MILP MIET Technical Director

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Mouchel

99 Old Bath Road, Summer Field House Charvil, Reading RG10 9QN

Severn House, Lime Kiln Close, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, BS34 8SQ

T: 0118 3215636, M: 07838 879 604, F: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk W: www.mma-consultancy.co.uk MMA Lighting Consultancy is an independent company specialising in Exterior Lighting and Electrical Design work.

We are based in the South of England and operate on a national scale delivering street lighting and lighting design solutions.

T: 0117 9062300, F: 0117 9062301 M: 07789 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com W: www.mouchel.com Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

Call Julie on 01536 527295 for details

IEng MILP

Broadgate House, Broadgate,Beeston, Nottingham, NG9 2HF

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 F: +44 (0)115 9574901 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com The consultancy offers a professional exterior lighting service covering all aspects of the sector, including design, energy management, environmental impact assessments and the development of lighting strategies and policies. It also has an extensive track record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

IEng MILP

36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: nws@nicksmithassociates.com W: www.nicksmithassociates.com Specialist exterior lighting design Consultant.

Private or adoptable lighting and cable network design for highways, car parks, area lighting, lighting impact assessments, expert witness.

CPD accredited training in lighting design, Lighting Reality, AutoCAD and other bespoke lighting courses arranged on request.

Tony Price

Alan Tulla

Capita

Alan Tulla Lighting

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Capita House, Wood Street, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 1UU

T: 01342 327161 F: 01342 315927 E: tony.price@capita.co.uk W: www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure Chartered engineer leading a specialist lighting team within a multi-disciplinary environment. All aspects of exterior and public realm lighting, especially roads, tunnels, amenity and sports. Planning advice, environmental assessment, expert witness, design, technical advice, PFIs, independent certification.

IEng FILP FSLL

12 Minden Way, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com W: www.alantullalighting.com Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Specialising in public realm, landscaping and building facades. Site surveys and design verification of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Visual impact assessments and reports for planning applications. Preparation of nightscape strategies for urban and rural environments.

CPDs and lighting training.

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

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