Lighting Journal January 2016

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

Bright lights, big cities: why lighting professionals will make all the difference to smart cities Southern stars: reflecting on the first festival of light in Lewes Learning objectives: what this year’s Light School will offer lighting professionals

January 2016

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LIGHTING JOURNAL January 2016

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… AND NORTHERN LIGHTS

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COMMUNITY CHALLENGE

FOUR KEY SMART CITY QUESTIONS

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LONGER LIFE LEARNING

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CITY DEALS

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CLASS OBJECTIVES

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OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS

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SIGNED, SEALED… DELIVERED?

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FUTURE FACING

EDITORIAL BRIGHT LIGHTS, BIG CITIES – A SPECIAL REPORT INTO SMART CITIES

Smart cities could be the most profound transformation in our urban environment for a generation, with lighting innovation at their heart. Barry Hale looks at the opportunities this agenda could bring, but also the significant obstacles

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For the lighting professional, there are at least four serious questions that, in all the excitement and chatter about smart city technology, are just not being addressed, argues Julian Higgins

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Contents

Interoperability and adaptability will be at heart of smart city lighting infrastructure, says John Fox

CITY LIMITS

The lighting professional will often be best placed both to interrogate and drive forward a local or regional smart city agenda, says Brian McGuigan

SOUTHERN STARS...

LewesLight, the first festival of light in the East Sussex town of Lewes, saw it turned into a treasure trove of lighting installations, exhibits, talks and discussions for two days in October, explains Graham Festenstein

As LEDs become ever-more mainstream, it is important lighting professionals fully understand – and educate themselves about – their technical challenges, argues Sam Woodward

Light School at the Surface Design Show takes place next month. Lighting Journal looks at what ‘students’ can expect

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CARIBBEAN CLASS

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‘A STIMULATING READ’

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER

Smart city technology has the potential to revolutionise CMS as well as the urban landscape, argues Stuart Wilson

The winners of the urban design Intelligent Community Challenge and their innovative solutions that caught the judges’ eyes

Negotiating or drafting contracts that incorporate terms from other agreements can be convenient. But be careful you’re not inadvertently leaving yourself open to a range of legal and liability risks, caution Laura Tilbrook and Howard Crossman

Lighting columns can be the ‘hub’ around which the smart city is integrated, predicts Simon Newcombe

Cities are on the brink of a new kind of ‘intelligence’; one that will transform the way we live, work and interact. David Gillingham on how networked LED lighting will be at its heart

The fourth Lumiere Durham was held in November, and attracted a record 200,000 people over four nights

As a young street lighting designer, the last thing YLP member James Duffin expected to be doing was lighting a Caribbean food festival.

The updated, second edition of Light Sources covers both traditional and new lighting technology sources with great aplomb, recommends Brian Healy

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Editorial Volume 81 No 1 January 2016 President Elizabeth Thomas BSc(Eng) CEng FILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA(Cantab) DPA HonFIAM Editor Nic Paton Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk Editorial Board Tom Baynham MEng MA (Cantab) Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster Designed by Julie Bland Email: julie@matrixprint.com Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

Being new to the industry, I had the pleasure of my first ever LuxLive in November. It was great to get around all the exhibitors and drop in on so many diverse presentations.

It certainly gave me a lot to chew over in terms of thinking about our coverage for 2016. One conversation kept cropping up, however (well, two if you include LEDs, but that’s pretty much a given): and that was smart cities.

It’s clear the smart city agenda is striking a real chord with the industry. So much so, in fact, that perhaps it’s more accurate to call it ‘the smart city opportunity’; the opportunity for lighting professionals to be slap bang at the forefront of some serious urban transformation.

This chiming of ‘right time, right place’ expertise with commercial opportunity is very much reflected in this Lighting Journal. I’ll be honest. I didn’t set out to stuff this edition quite so full of articles about smart cities.

But when we started speaking to people the response was staggering; people wanted to get involved and have their say. Sometimes you just have to run with these things.

However, our coverage also highlights an important and under-discussed element of the smart city agenda. So much of the time when you listen to people on smart cities it’s all about the technology; what it can do, how it’s going to transform this, that and other. And, yes, of course, that’s great, exciting and important.

But, for me, smart cities is much more an agenda about people. It’s about who will be leading and driving it – who will have, yes, the vision, imagination and resources, but also who will have the technical, practical and governance skills (especially around standards) to make this agenda safe and workable.

It’s about people for another reason, too. Just because we can put this stuff on a lighting column or wherever, how do we know people will actually want it or feel comfortable with it? There is potentially a huge education, communication and reassurance agenda to be worked through here, especially when it comes to questions of data ownership and control and (especially post-Paris) surveillance and security.

Don’t get me wrong, I think the smart cities agenda has the potential to be genuinely transformational. But it is also vital to be protecting standards and safety, tempering the completely unrealistic (especially if there’s public money at stake) and bringing communities alongside. Smart cities will need visionaries, but they will also need people prepared to be, if you will, the trusted ‘glue’ between the high-flying vision and the prosaic reality. Step up the lighting professional, anyone?

Nic Paton Editor

© ILP 2016 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain.

Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal January 2016

4 Smart cities: special report

BRIGHT LIGHTS, BIG CITIES

Smart cities could be the most profound transformation in our urban environment for a

generation, with lighting innovation at their heart. Opening a 13 page special report, Barry Hale looks at the opportunities this agenda could bring, but also the obstacles that will need to be overcome

Smart cities: special report 5

C

ities face some key challenges as they strive to attract investment to develop and achieve sustainable growth, whilst also meeting the changing, technology-led customer demands for greater interaction, participation and convenience of city services.

An ‘on-demand’ city services landscape will promote greater citizen input and involvement. This will help shape, customise and provide better access to city infrastructure and services in what will increasingly be a digital society of expectation.

Improved access to information will be built around convenience and users where social media will connect city leaders to its citizens more than ever.

The challenges will include environmental sustainability and climate change as well as promoting safety and security. There will be an everincreasing expectation of information ondemand within a framework of operating more efficiently, cost effectively and where available natural resources (including energy) are unlikely to be taken for granted.

More than four billion people will be ‘connected’ by 2020, with circa 25 million available apps and more than 25 billion embedded/intelligent systems, all feeding 50 trillion GBs of data being handled!

NEW CITY ERA This is driving a new era of communications focused on the more informed citizen and service user; the need to optimise time; and the demand for fast, more responsive access to services and information.

Cities will be at the heart of this agenda, shaping and influencing citizen expectations, behaviours and lifestyles.

More than 60% of the world’s population will live in ever larger, more complex and technology-driven city environments by 2030 – where more interactive services will be the norm and expected.

This speaks to the smart city vision – also referred to as ‘future cities’ or increasingly now ‘connected cities’.

The smart city concept is not, of course, new. It is predicated on better communication links to promote a more agile, responsive and proactive approach to services and accessible information. It offers a gateway or platform for modernising infrastructure management to meet the requirements of a 21st century digital society.

A smart city is effectively a mirror that reflects the varied needs of its people in .an ever-improving high tech era

HOW ‘SMART’ COULD TRANSFORM THE CITY • Network management – traffic control, congestion information and responses, route management and re-directing, traffic signal control, emergency planning (including priority for emergency services and support).

• Transportation – bus, rail and road coordination, timetables and real-time travel information, journey and travel plan co-ordination.

• Traffic control – management and counters.

• On street signage – digital information boards, signage, real-time messaging.

• Advertising – creating potential new revenue streams?

• Parking services – availability, management, control, booking and payments, spaces and parking information.

• Environmental services – air quality monitoring, hot spots, congestion, pollution levels.

• Energy efficiency, management and monitoring – availability, access and charge points.

• Carbon emission information and reduction strategies – e-bikes, footway management, walking, cycleways and waterways.

• Light on demand – outage detection, adaptive lighting, performance.

• Park-and-ride – access to car sharing schemes and information.

• Wi-Fi and city IT ‘gateways’.

• Sport, leisure and on-street health services – wellpoints, health kiosks, health monitoring and information services.

• Environmental sustainability – data access and information points, waste and recycling, litter bin level monitoring to optimise emptying.

• Winter services – weather warning, salt bin locations/levels, routes and access.

• Advanced metering infrastructure – greater choices and reduced energy costs via open and competitive retail metering.

• Facilities management and building control.

where public expectations, and access to information and services, will be ever more demanding.

It will be about capturing, managing and access to a range of information and data by connecting infrastructure, systems and services with individuals.

It will promote increased interaction and choices with better informed and more demanding customers.

Crudely, the connected city operations and activities will function within a world of ‘internet everything’ services for the digital citizen focused on improving people’s quality of life.

Fundamentally it’s about meeting

the high-tech expectations of people for easy access to information about services that will make life easier, more convenient, efficient and enjoyable.

Innovation and technology will be the gateway to meeting these expectations, with the capacity and capability to unlock the power of data to promote better user access, input and participation. Technology can influence and shape citizen behaviours, expectations and outcomes, where everything and everyone is connected.

This vision opens up new insights that may not be immediately evident.

There will also be the ability to change behaviours and outcomes and drive service efficiency through potential interventions that otherwise will not be possible.

DRIVEN BY DATA The connected city will be data driven.

Effectively it will be a sophisticated living organism, communicating, handling, processing, using, managing and controlling extensive data and information, in real time and with the potential for making user predictions.

It will have interlinked systems, services and infrastructure. It will have the ability to bring together data from many sources, sensors and devices on to a common technology communications platform. This will enable new approaches, interventions and information flow via distributed intelligence and real time analytics.

Traditionally city infrastructure has been organised and operated in silos, via autonomous businesses and council departments. Technical complexities, political cycles, city leadership and funding constraints along with other issues have been barriers to joining up services. Greater information would promote a holistic, more responsive, accessible and better informed citizen and optimise the city infrastructure and service landscape.

There are many organisationally aligned silo services that have the potential to be interlinked or joined up to benefit the end user and city infrastructure management (see panel).

LIGHTING AND SMART CITIES A modern public lighting service is a good example of a typical silo service.

Recent technology developments and the use of LED technologies and adaptive lighting techniques in conjunction with control and management systems (CMS) represent a relatively low-risk, high-return ‘smart’ approach. g

Lighting Journal January 2016

6 Smart cities: special report g

Recognised benefits include: • Return-on-investment through reduced energy use.

• Proactive, dynamic or variable light output control and management, with an emphasis on being able to meet changing circumstances and situations.

• Reduced maintenance interventions and requirements, encouraging greater resilience, reliability and cost savings.

• Environmental sustainability benefits – reduced carbon emissions, outages and reduced travel/visits for component replacement and maintenance.

• Better quality, more reliable, more robust lighting systems – improved performance, public safety and security.

• Light on-demand capability around cyclepaths and footways.

Such street lighting innovations have proved to be successful and cost-effective in taking the service forward under a ‘smart’ service banner.

However, despite the technology advances and the new dynamic lighting control capabilities, the service remains a ‘closed’ system where changes in

lighting performance are confined to the management and operation of the street lighting service in isolation to other services, infrastructure and city influences. By joining infrastructure and services such as street lighting operation and control with other connected systems and services (for example traffic flow counters, traffic signals or weather monitors), it opens up the potential to expand and shape these influences and behaviours.

This in turn brings potentially much wider benefits across a much broader spectrum of control. For example the ability to impact events and citizens, to enhance service user convenience, outcomes and choices.

Translating the connected smart city infrastructure vision, and breaking the embedded silo structures – to move towards a genuinely connected city concept – presents many challenges and barriers to overcome.

The concept demands strong city leadership, vision and commitment and rapidly speaks to ‘big’ issues such as funding, governance, ownership and overall control, along with issues around mass data handling, access and security. Some of the key obstacles and challenges are outlined below.

KEY SMART CITY BARRIERS

THE FUNDING CHALLENGE Funding is key and has undoubtedly been a barrier to progress. The scale of funding required in order to translate the connected city vision to a reality represents a major commitment and undoubtedly remains a blockage to be unlocked.

The vision inevitably points to some form of city funding arrangement that will be the catalyst to kick-start and support a common city technology platform or communication network.

Some dedicated funding may be able to be leveraged or partially deliverable for organisationally aligned, controlled and managed infrastructure services within a city environment. This could help to link synergised services such as highways, street lighting, parking services and traffic signals under the highways services umbrella. However, it is unlikely that such funding would be available or sufficient to support the wider, holistic connected city requirements.

Many funding streams are still likely to be organisationally ring-fenced or service infrastructure orientated and allocated. This is relevant to a street lighting CMS where, despite the wider city IT connecting infrastructureg

• Strong leadership and vision to drive the agenda – collaboration and co-ordination of key players.

• Multi-application network and sensors – including ensuring interlinking of assets and service owners across different levels.

• Promoting innovation and technology – engagement with the connected city vision and businesses also becoming leaders.

• Creating a common, shared network platform for infrastructure management to enable cross-department ownership and use.

• Strategic planning – breaking city service silo cultures and generating strategic buy-in and ownership.

• Control, ownership, governance – including the challenge of whether you create a single body of control or a diverse one, but with accessible data and information.

• Funding – how much, where from, and what will be the resulting leverage? Many organisations (businesses and people including councils, industry and academia) are waiting for or need funding in order to progress this vision.

• Private and public sector involvement – including what will be incentives and ‘ownership’.

• Translating the city and community benefits – including communicating how it will make a difference.

• Capturing and quantifying the benefits – including effectively measuring, promoting and articulating the business efficiencies, potential job creation and improved, customised services that can accompany a smart city landscape.

• The need for flexibility, including options for third-party devices and applications that run on a common network platform and the capacity for system expansion. There will also be related challenges around the technology platform, including the need for open system protocols, ‘buildability’ and expansion as well as the need for a standardised base system.

• Ensuring that applications and sensors work seamlessly together and can connect to the city network.

• Data capacity and protection – including handling and use.

• Infrastructure – including the potential opportunity(ies) presented by more effective use of lighting assets.

• Scale and scope – in other words the development and roll-out strategy. This will mean defining business and operational terms with service-level agreements and measurable results.

• Risk – fear from ‘lock in’ and technology investment timing.

• Due diligence requirements – including how to research and select connected city technology partners.

• Recognising that the initial market push is predominantly by technology firms trying to sell equipment. There is now a realisation that no one player can dominate the market; it is or has to be a collaborative market.

• Communication network selection – including the need to ensure whatever network is chosen has large-scale, proven processes and technology. The communication network also needs to include built-in continuous monitoring for security with multi-layer protection and proven reliability and resilience.

Lighting Journal January 2016

• Lack of scale demonstrations. Demonstrations tend to be small and there can be a gap to the roll out.

• The need to consider a ‘future-proof’ network – in other words, one that can support an entire city and can integrate multiple smart technology applications.

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8 Smart cities: special report g capability and capacity, it has proved

extremely difficult to incorporate wider use cases and functionality because of departmental funding ringfencing.

There is potential and scope to leverage revenues for the smart city agenda by maximising the value of data through use cases and selling data, infrastructure use and access. However, this has limitations and may present conflicts where silo operations and services compete for such revenues.

The connected city vision is therefore unlikely to reach its full potential in the absence of dedicated central funding, ownership, control and city/political leadership commitments to support the vision.

DATA PRIVACY Another key barrier to overcome will be in relation to data. Despite the clear benefits from the accessibility and use of data and information within the connected city strategy it will inevitably provoke a citizen debate regarding data privacy and use. There will therefore be challenges around data use, control and privacy within a framework and demands for increased access to data and information.

Technology selection and adoption also presents another key challenge.

System performance, reliance and resilience will be critical to support the common city communication platform for interlinked systems and applications.

It will also be relevant in terms of supporting a range of apps, sensors and devices, which cater for new use cases, have buildable capacity and the capability to promote the use of, and access to, the interlinked open protocol technology and communication platform. These will create a futureproof ‘plug and play’ architecture to promote and support cost effective add-ons.

Critically, the technology platform will need to be an open communication protocol. This can potentially spin three ways: • Bespoke systems where everyone learns everyone else’s language.

• A single platform where everybody, except one, has to change their language.

• A common platform where everyone uses their own language with a common interpreter.

This decision will require careful consideration to support the big city picture and future growth and use.

It is questionable if this vision can be implemented effectively without some form of overall management. Does

Lighting Journal January 2016

there need to be dedicated, overarching city ownership and control?

ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS The challenge is around implementing such a wide-ranging, diverse, multi-service domain infrastructure communication network with a common open protocol technology gateway that works in scale. There also needs to be balancing and agreeing of diverse business and public service user data access and information provision, accessibility, control and release.

Experience around cross-business or cross-department initiatives and multiagency co-operation suggests this will be a difficult issue to overcome.

This represents a barrier in terms of securing organisation buy-in and agreements for data ownership, access and control, and the necessary protocols for governance arrangements.

In particular, breaking down organisational service structures and silo operation, ownership, management and control will be challenging.

How to overcome protectionism to promote more holistic ownership, data sharing and generic responsibilities across a range of inter-linked infrastructure and services – where autonomous power is traditionally embedded – represents a culture shift in terms of a city services network. It also presents a barrier to the connected city vision.

FUTURE PROSPERITY Cities matter. It is widely accepted that the UK’s future is closely linked to that of its cities. They are the concentrations of the UK’s population, trade, commerce, cultural and social life.

They represent most of the UK’s future growth, both population and economic.

The connected city vision has the potential to make cities more competitive globally in a technology-led world where information and accessing data will be increasingly demanded by empowered digital citizens.

Modern city services will need to be more accessible, interactive, responsive, efficient and sustainable.

The connected city can help the creation of a higher quality of life and better places for its citizens within an ever complex and challenging environment.

A connected city can improve business efficiency and services necessary in order to compete and to support economic growth and job opportunities.

But this vision requires strategic planning, strong political leadership,

The connected city vision is unlikely to reach its full potential in the absence of dedicated central funding, ownership, control and city/ political leadership commitments to support the vision funding and multi-agency co-operation and buy-in to leverage innovation and to access technology in solutions.

City leadership is therefore critical to the future of connected cities – it will be about taking action and making long-term decisions and commitments to open the door to the connected city.

The connected city concept is likely to organically grow and expand – initially by linking some organisationallyaligned infrastructure, systems and services, then expanding by adopting apps and add-ons.

However, this approach relies on the selection and adoption of a common communication or technology platform that will support add-ons to facilitate easy expansion.

Data will also be key. Any data sharing will require very robust governance arrangements to manage and control data and information. It will require buy-in from data owners and users to allow centralised control and ownership, which in turn presents challenges in terms of governance, data protection, technology, access and management.

Ultimately, however, it is leadership that is and will be key; the leadership required to kick-start the connected city vision and strategic plan.

Politicians and policy makers will need to understand, lead and support the digital citizen and city infrastructure modernisation agenda critical for UK’s cities in the long term.

Barry Hale is business director at Amey

Lantern, Monolith, Bollard.

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10 Smart cities: special report

FOUR KEY SMART CITY QUESTIONS T

here’s a lot of talk in the industry at the moment about smart cities and what they mean for the local authority lighting engineers. The explosion of inter-connected technology, and the potential benefits it can deliver, has been sudden and somewhat overwhelming. The danger, however, is that we perceive this as an absolute ‘must have’ rather than what it might actually be, in other words a ‘would be nice’.

There’s been a great deal of thought about what the technology can do but scant regard as to how it might be maintained and paid for. Who will own the equipment? Who will own the data it produces? Where will the energy come from to power it? These are all very important questions that need to be, at the very least, discussed.

Here, then, are my four key smart city questions.

Who will own the equipment?

Ok, so this stuff’s going up on lighting columns that are owned and maintained by the local highway lighting authority. We all know having third party equipment on the highway is an administrative and maintenance nightmare, so it’s simpler all round for the highway authority to have ownership and be responsible for energy and maintenance.

However, that raises the need for extra revenue to pay for that maintenance and energy – and where will that come from? Certainly not from our existing budgets, as they’re being slashed year-on-year to a point we can barely keep the lights on. So far, that financial backdrop doesn’t bode well for on-street Wi-Fi.

Lighting Journal January 2016

As an idea, smart cities are great. But, for the lighting professional, there are at least four serious questions that, in all the excitement and chatter about new technology, are just not being addressed, argues Julian Higgins

Who will own the data?

Data is perhaps the most valuable modern resource we’ll have. But how much is a byte of data actually worth?

Facebook is currently valued at around $200 billion while American Airlines is only valued at $34 billion.That’s a big difference for a company that primarily exists in a virtual environment. So, if we’re going to own and maintain the equipment, local authorities must manage and control the data they produce and use the income to offset their running costs.

That does, however, mean the ‘humble’ engineer will need to add a new suite of knowledge to his/her skill set or employ someone to manage it for them. Perhaps we could use any surplus to turn the lights up a bit?

Maybe there’s a glimpse of hope here?!

Where will the energy come from?

Herein lies the rub. I watched the news the other day when the National Grid announced its energy forecast for the coming winter and it wasn’t good.

According to National Grid, there’s only about 1% spare capacity in the system this year compared to 5% the previous year.

Authorities are required by law to reduce their CO2 emissions under the Carbon Reduction Commitment and we’re taxed heavily for our usage of both green and brown energy. So, having spent millions installing energyefficient lighting equipment (and then reducing its output to save money, and carbon) all of a sudden everyone wants to put up more equipment – all of which uses energy we can’t afford and the National Grid doesn’t have capacity for!

Do we even need it?

I come from a generation who remembers the three-day weeks of the 1970s, when it was quite common to come home and find the power off. In those days the only things in the house that didn’t work were the television, the radio, the washing machine and the fridge. Everything else was either on gas or hadn’t been invented yet. As a five year old it was, if anything, a great adventure to be eating dinner by the light of Calor Gas lanterns.

Nowadays, of course, if the power goes off, it’s a national disaster. No phones! No Twitter! No EastEnders!

At that’s before we even get to issues of security – what if the systems are hacked? So, where does this all leave us? We have a concept and a product people want to sell us – the ‘smart city’. We have potential demand for the output it creates (data), thereby also giving us a potential income to pay for it.

So that’s all positive.

Yet, at the same time, smart cities will require a resource (energy) that’s finite, expensive and in increasingly short supply and also pose serious questions around data, security, funding and ownership.

One key element, for me at least, is that before we try purchasing and installing all these new gadgets we might want to make sure we have a sustainable energy generation and supply infrastructure in place to power it? After all you don’t design a nice new roof and forget the foundations for the floors do you?

Julian Higgins is ILP Western Region vice-chair as well as a representative on the ILP National Council

The lamp post is at the heart of the smart city

The humble lamp post: Evolving from street lamp to intelligent lighting towards critical smart city infrastructure

Speak to Lucy Zodion about how we can support your street lighting needs for both today and tomorrow:

lucyzodion.com +44 (0)1422 317337

12 Smart cities: special report

CITY DEALS

Interoperability and adaptability will be at heart of smart city lighting infrastructure, says John Fox. And that will require more partnerships

U

to counter concerns around privacy.

Data collection alone was not a strong enough incentive.

rban populations, we all know, are rising rapidly. By 2030 it is estimated more than 90% of the UK’s population will be living in urban environments.

Cities are improving or replacing ageing infrastructure and systems to respond to this demographic evolution, to maintain core services and create new ways to support a tech-savvy population.

Smart cities may be the latest buzz word after ‘Big Data’ and ‘The Internet of Things’, but they are not a futuristic concept; they could be reality in a decade’s time. The future, in other words, is already here.

Almost every one of us walks around with a smartphone in our pocket: we use them to adjust our home thermostat on our daily commute and view live data on traffic congestion or public transport before leaving the office. We live in a smart world and we expect services and information in real time.

PILOT PROJECTS Pilot smart city projects are already running across the country, exploring how to bring together the strands of smart technology to create smart cities with the ultimate aim of enhancing the scope and performance of urban services, to reduce resource use and engage with citizens.

The lighting column is, quite literally, well positioned to play a leading role in smart cities.

As a central piece of city infrastructure, the major opportunity facing our industry is the chance to develop technology that will help achieve the aims of smart cities and truly engage residents, businesses and communities.

Smart technology is already being developed for lighting columns, from air pollution sensors to parking meters.

However, to truly create smart cities (and not scientific experiments) it is paramount that the solutions are valuable enough for communities to adopt them and use them in their daily lives.

For engineers and designers, this

Lighting Journal January 2016

means taking a ‘bottom up’ approach to developing technology. The best smart city solutions will be citizencentric, producing use cases that create more efficient ways of doing things, or providing improved services to residents and businesses.

This in turn, of course, can only be achieved if the community understands what the smart city is trying to accomplish, and engages with the technology.

In Glasgow’s smart city project, for example, the brightness of street lighting automatically adjusts from 40% to 100% when a passing pedestrian or cyclist is detected, increasing safety (a clear benefit to residents) while also reducing energy costs.

By contrast, the City of London rejected plans to allow smart bins to collect footfall data because of ‘Big Brother’ fears – the rationale and benefits of such technology failed

ENGAGING COMMUNITIES Engaging residents and businesses may be the job of public officials, but community-centric use cases are essential if they are to be viable. In a climate of spending reviews, squeezed budgets and tough competition for funding, only the most desirable use cases that deliver high benefits and commercial sustainability will be adopted.

This is where industry must take the lead: not just in developing technology that improves services or achieves greater efficiency, but by creating solutions able to deliver benefit beyond their operational costs, and that continue once the project funding has been spent.

This will mean that street lighting and lighting columns remain core to city infrastructure, not overtaken by other competing technology. In achieving cost efficiency, the battle is already half won: adapting existing infrastructure is almost certainly a cheaper alternative to installing and implementing new options.

Whilst monetising solutions will be crucial, the real key to adapting city lighting infrastructure to facilitate smart cities will be greater interoperability.

Like many current services, street lighting can be guilty of working in silos.

Yet smart technology requires that systems communicate with each other freely, sharing information and data to create intelligent solutions beyond one individual technology or function.

With limited budgets, councils may also expect technology that will seamlessly integrate with legacy systems without the funds to invest in whole new infrastructure projects: a gradual shift towards a smarter city rather than an overnight revolution is far more likely.

Interoperability will of course present some challenges in itself – achieving integration on open protocols whilst maintaining security where required will be essential.

This can be overcome: as with

Smart cities: special report 13 anything, once something is required, solutions to overcome any barriers to it will be identified. Security can be adapted to enable greater protection for control commands than sensor data.

Privacy can be maintained without blocking interconnectedness. What’s more, the very key to smart cities will be collaboration – working with multiple

partners, providers and parties to create solutions that encompass different technologies and use cases.

Our industry will play a key role in moving smart cities to reality. We must educate and create viable use cases that inspire both councils and private enterprises to invest and implement smart lighting technology as an integral

part of smart cities. We must collaborate and deliver solutions in true partnership to ensure the unassuming lighting column continues its central role in the city of the future.

John Fox is managing director of LucyZodion

OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS Lighting columns can be the ‘hub’ around which the smart city is integrated, argues Simon Newcombe

L

ocal authorities around the world are already investing in connected technology and building the cities of the future. But what do we actually mean by ‘smart cities’, and are they really necessary?

The global population is currently growing by 1.18% each year, increasing by approximately 83 million people annually, and in the last few decades we have seen a necessary expansion of urbanisation. It is estimated that, by 2030, 41 of the world’s ‘megacities’ will have more than ten million inhabitants.

Connected infrastructure utilises a number of recent innovations, particularly the internet and wireless technology, and enables local authorities to have more control over public services.

Connected lighting is seen by many as the foundation for this movement. But in reality it is driving innovation, becoming far more than a means of increasing control, minimising costs and reducing energy usage.

It is no secret that, from the perspective of retailers, the internet wounded the town centre.

But, by providing ubiquitous connectivity through public infrastructure, the internet can now help to revitalise trade for local businesses.

Nearly two thirds (62%) of people spend more time in public areas when they can use their laptops and tablets via Wi-Fi, and surrounding shops and facilities report an additional 50% more spending.

INTEGRATED HUBS

Data is undoubtedly the next global revolution, and connected lighting is providing an integrated hub for the collection, storage and distribution of information.

Moreover, the applications of this integrated hub touch on all aspects of public life, from health and safety to crime prevention and social interaction.

Provision of connected public services that increase ‘dwell time’ and social interaction allow planners and

architects to direct the movement of people through public spaces, leading potential customers towards desired areas of connectivity.

These can be extensions of existing commercial networks, acting as new marketing channels for local businesses, providing new revenue streams through advertising and commercial partnerships.

In addition to encouraging customers to stay for longer in commercial areas and interact with retailers and facilities, new ways of connecting local businesses with customers provide valuable opportunities for data collection and analytics.

Businesses can learn far more about their customers than ever before, enabling them to provide better, more targeted and more rewarding services.

INTERACTIVE LIGHTING

Manufacturers providing connected, interactive and multifunctional lighting products are now empowering designers and driving innovation in numerous ways.

Integration declutters and modernises existing architecture and shared public space, and lighting columns are the natural choice to house new technology as they are already evenly distributed throughout urban areas.

By providing technology hubs in products like modular lighting columns, manufacturers can ‘future proof’ cities, providing a tool to integrate and connect new technology without the need for substantial additional investment or redesign.

Beacon technology, motion sensors, facial recognition technology and advanced rapid charging points for electric vehicles are just some of the cutting-edge equipment currently making its way into integrated lighting products, which are already making cities safer, healthier and more profitable.

As smart cities begin to come into their own, the possibilities of future integration really are endless.

Simon Newcombe is business development manager at Schréder UK

Lighting Journal January 2016

14 Smart cities: special report

FUTURE FACING A

Cities around the world are on the brink of a new kind of ‘intelligence’; one that will transform the way we live, work and interact. David Gillingham looks at how networked LED lighting will be at the heart of future-focused smart cities

s technological development gathers pace, many European municipalities are wondering how they can capture this momentum. While citizens express the desire to live in smart cities, there is a disparity between residents’ expectations and the reality for elected officials and their resources. In many ways, the barrier to intelligent environments is the complexity involved in going from idea to actuality.

Yet adopting greater ‘intelligence’ is imperative to managing global population growth. As Barry Hale has also highlighted in this edition, in the next decade, nearly 60% of the world’s populous will live in urban areas, according to the World Health Organization1.

At the same time, the revolution in information and communications technology is making knowledge a competitive resource. Data is the new currency, the raw material that is changing the way cities operate.

Channelling this new resource is the ‘Internet of the Things’ (IoT) and, just as the consumer internet transformed the way we live as individuals, the IoT is on the brink of doing the same for large population centres.

Today we are only beginning to imagine what’s possible.

The McKinsey Global Institute estimates the IoT could add $6 trillion dollars to the global economy by 20252. At GE, we believe it could be even more – as much as $10 trillion to $15 trillion within 20 years.

This exponential growth cannot be overstated. The entire world is now connected in a single economy of information.

The availability of data from billions of networked devices is making this a possibility and, as more assets become smart and connected, software is emerging as the connective tissue for value creation.

Lighting Journal January 2016

Just as residents are increasingly reliant on smart products in their daily lives, they will come to expect the cities they live and work in to offer the same conveniences and efficiencies through connectivity. Many technologies associated with smart cities are immediately available, and many more are in development. The question is how should this knowledge be applied? How do cities extract meaning and create benefits for citizens?

PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS The answer to these questions is becoming apparent with the help of powerful Cloud-based computing and predictive analytics.

Information derived from connected devices can better prepare city planners for tomorrow’s challenges.

For example, figures concerning flood patterns, crime reports, congestion and road traffic accidents can be stored in the Cloud and mined using smart algorithms to anticipate future problems, thereby improving the efficiency of city administrations and saving taxpayers’ money.

Open data can facilitate economic development by allowing citizens to create innovative businesses and services. It can encourage social engagement through the creation of apps and processes that contribute to the wellbeing of the local community.

Examples include websites such as citadelonmove.eu (funded by the European Commission and designed to allow ordinary citizens to develop mobile applications) that are making it easier for residents to get creative – with results varying from the practical to the downright quirky.

Several examples in the UK prove how data can be applied on a city-wide level to allow a variety of open g

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ventures aim to create an open and programmable region that gives residents the ability to interact, work and play with their city, responding in real time to everyday issues.

Today there is little doubt that data is the driving force behind the smart city movement, with the power to spark social participation as well as improve existing public services and support the development of an entirely new range of activities.

FUNDING AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT However, as local authorities are, quite rightly, required to justify all public spending, investing in the LED infrastructure needed to facilitate Big Data programmes can face a number of challenges.

Funding comes up time and time again as one of the major hurdles in making the switch to smart city-enabled LED lighting. Of course, councils face tremendous budget pressures and may not have the ready capital to invest in large-scale lighting upgrades.

But converting to LED can provide significant returns both immediately and in the longer term. There are a number of EU and private finance schemes available to make this process easier, such as the UK Green Investment Bank and Salix Finance, which is a publicly funded company that offers interest-free capital to the public sector for energy efficiency projects.

Establishing what the return on investment might look like is another concern often voiced by local authorities and there are a number of ways to look at this. Direct ROI can be measured through the commercial benefits made from the use of the installations, such as reducing energy costs and generating income through optimised parking facilities for example.

More indirect ROI can also be considered through the savings made elsewhere in the administration, thanks to the wider efficiencies achieved through Big Data. So, for example, pollution sensors that help improve air quality REFERENCES 1 . http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_ population_growth_text/en/ 2 . http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/high_tech_telecoms_ internet/the_internet_of_things_sizing_up_the_opportunity

Lighting Journal January 2016

contribute to better general health in the population, which has an impact on healthcare spending.

Similarly, traffic optimisation can help cut down on work absences and lateness, thereby increasing productivity for businesses.

KNOWLEDGE AND DATA SECURITY Data security is another major concern for municipalities.

Given the recent spate of high-profile data breaches in which even industry giants Apple and Sony have fallen prey to hackers, it is perhaps unsurprising cyber security has once again come under the spotlight.

There’s no denying Big Data needs very careful handling in order to safeguard public information and trust, so it’s essential to work with partners that have a proven commitment to proper data management and protection.

The final challenge most often cited by local authorities is a lack of internal knowledge and resources to commit to implementing smart city programmes – with many identifying organisational strategy and procurement know-how as a potential stumbling block.

These issues can be addressed through enhanced communication, training, skills and internal support to help public sector employees understand how to build and procure investable projects.

Without this skill-set, adoption of smart, low carbon city infrastructures will be held back.Yet as the global population becomes increasingly urbanised, smart city adoption is a necessary and inevitable development that will bring improved infrastructure, operational cost savings and additional revenue streams for all parties.

David Gillingham is product manager for intelligent devices at GE Lighting

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18 Smart cities: special report

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER

Smart city technology has the potential to revolutionise CMS as well as the urban landscape, argues Stuart Wilson

I

t’s nearly a decade since the first installation of a street lighting central management system (CMS). Now, with the smart city agenda upon us, has the time come for us to pronounce that CMS, as we currently know it, is dead?

To answer this question we need to address, first, what the primary drivers for investing in CMS are and, second, ask whether those drivers are still valid.

One of the key drivers for investing in CMS is, of course, energy saving. With or without taking into account LED replacement, CMS without a doubt does drive down energy costs.

That said, revenue from energy savings rarely materialises into increased revenue budgets, either for street lighting managers or for asset owners.

Many of the headlines around the Comprehensive Spending Review in November were focused on rebuilding the economy and providing increased investment for infrastructure. Yet local authority asset owners still face a multitude of pressures, with ageing assets and reduced resources being but two. Additionally, public expectations around the desire to be living in a ‘first-class connected city’, with the transport infrastructure to match, are ever increasing.

STRATEGIC APPROACH To cope with such pressures asset owners need a strategic approach. They must be capable of influencing funding and investment decisions; they must ensure highway maintenance is optimised; they must be efficient and provide value for money whilst meeting the required levels of service and public perception.

This is where highways asset management can come to the aid of local authority highway managers – by providing the tools in their transportation asset management plans to cope with such pressures.

Recent initiatives, such as the Highways Maintenance Efficiency Programme (HMEP), are starting to drive through the benefits of embracing good asset management practice. Yet the UK still lags behind in this area.

At its heart, good asset management is about fully understanding your asset base: its current condition, how it degrades, how it needs to be maintained and when its optimal replacement period is.

Armed with this knowledge, asset owners can develop strategic plans, ensure decreasing revenue budgets are invested in the most efficient way and plan for future replacement projects.

Historically, conditional information around asset management is gathered from prescriptive inspections, such as scouting, electrical integrity and structural testing. These, of course, provide us with a snapshot of the asset’s condition at a particular time.

Lighting Journal January 2016

But could we now use the technological advances being championed by the smart city agenda to collect this information more effectively; to leverage the intelligent analytics being gathered and sent over networks to support improved asset management? This, in turn, allows us subtly to rephrase our answer to our original question.

Yes, at one level, it is possible to argue that CMS as we currently know it is dead. But, at another, we now have an opportunity – using the smart city agenda – to refresh and even revolutionise CMS, to build upon the first generation of CMS and create an infrastructure that provides much more useful data to asset owners.

BEST PRACTICE If we can grasp this opportunity it’s going to enable asset owners to manage their assets much more effectively as well as optimise their budgets; it’ll take the pain out of both collection and analysis of copious amounts of data. It’ll also have the potential to be a catalyst for promoting best practice in asset management.

The use of intelligent conditional data not only optimises maintenance, it can be used to provide targeted (as opposed to all-prescriptive) maintenance. You’ll only need to visit a site because certain parameters on your connected system have been triggered and therefore told you to do so.

Yes, the smart city agenda is about transforming how citizens use urban spaces. But it is – or can be – also about providing customer-centric solutions that allow connected street lighting networks and software systems to be less conventional CMS and more sophisticated Asset Intelligence Platforms (AIP).

When thinking about smart cities and CMS we therefore need to look beyond energy saving and lighting control, although both issues will of course remain important. We need to recognise that, by providing an open, reliable and resilient network, we have an opportunity to deliver the next generation of AIP, as well as transformed cities and communities.

Ultimately, as an industry we need to provide asset owners with the right tools to make the right decisions.

Smart city technology can play a part in that by ensuring asset owners are better able to invest their limited budgets to maximum effectiveness. In the process this can also, of course, ensure lighting points remain right at the heart of future smart city developments.

Stuart Wilson is commercial director of DW Windsor

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20 Smart cities: special report

CITY LIMITS The lighting professional will often be best placed both to interrogate and drive forward a local or regional smart city agenda, argues Brian McGuigan

T

here’s no denying smart cities are a hot, buzz topic at the moment, for manufacturers, customers and communities.

The term ‘smart city’ is very broad, and I suspect it will probably be replaced over the coming years with a series of more specific, meaningful groupings.

For now, though, it remains a catch-

Lighting Journal January 2016

all term that can be applied to almost any project involving new technology, whether it be sensors, controllers, software interfaces, apps or interactive information panels.

Despite the broadness of the definition, we are seeing a growing focus emerge in leading cities, such as Glasgow, Bristol or Copenhagen, to tie all their discrete ‘smart city’ projects together under a common framework and strategy.

By building a common framework, cities are able to scope projects and measure success more effectively, which in turn means that a higher number of these transition into ‘business as usual’.

This is a clear departure from the ‘cluster of science experiments’ perception of three to five years ago, and is rapidly raising the bar of what’s required to earn the label ‘smart city’.

Cities no longer wish to accept sandboxed solutions for each problem, from different suppliers without the opportunity to integrate or share resources.

It is for this reason that city lighting departments suddenly find themselves key stakeholders in smart city discussions. The national

drive towards LED replacement and intelligent controls of lighting presents an opportunity for cities to put in place several of the key building blocks required for their smart city ambitions, and in turn fast-track other initiatives.

In particular flexible wireless networks and flexible software platforms, can offer benefits to a vast range of city stakeholders beyond the lighting team, and underpin many applications.

This has offered lighting professionals a leading position to inform local authority strategy, work through many of the key questions, and in the process transform the role of the city lighting department for the next generation – that is of course if the lighting teams wish to do so.

What actually makes a system flexible and future proofed?

A key aspect is the support of open standards. Standards are at the heart of every technological revolution. We’ve seen this occur throughout history, as the telecom, transportation and industrial manufacturing industries – and of course, the Internet – have evolved.

Standards provide flexibility, avoid vendor lock-in, accelerate innovation, g

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22 Smart cities: special report gensure long term support, and avoid

the need to re-invent the wheel (for example security standards). Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Android are great examples of this.

Also, if the intention is to re-use aspects of a system (for example a lighting control system) more broadly, it goes without saying it must have the capacity and features to allow such expansion without a negative impact on the core functionality or performance.

For example – will reporting of light point status after a large-scale power outage be slower if the lighting network is also running another application; does sending a firmware update to fix a security vulnerability slow down real-time control? Choosing a system which comes with performance guarantees can help mitigate this.

How can we break down the barriers between city silos?

This is now recognised as one of the biggest barriers preventing cities even taking the first steps towards this integrated utopia. How can

requirements be captured from multiple stakeholders? How can resources be shared effectively? How does this impact procurement or outsourced contracts?

These are challenging questions and the approach that works is likely to vary for each city, especially considering the increasingly tight and constrained financial climate. Several have found that creating a dialogue is the first step.

Copenhagen has formed a ‘smart city council’ which has representatives from various teams such as highways and infrastructure (including lighting), environmental services, transport, healthcare and so on, who meet several times per year and share information on both programmes of work and challenges. Through this they have started several shared initiatives to more effectively use resources and share budgets.

How can security and privacy be assured?

Security within smart cities is growing rapidly in importance. As more systems

move online the threat of malicious use, and concerns over data privacy have become a key priority for many cities.

In this area lighting departments have been slow to catch up, and in 2015 large-scale UK procurements were undertaken which did not mention security, or simply requested that a CMS is password protected. I believe this will change in the coming years as understanding of the risks grows.

It is also interesting to note that the integrations of multiple systems, and sharing of data from sensors, is driving many cities to define a standard security policy which is applied to all smart city applications, in a ‘highest common denominator’ approach.

Who should set policy and drive strategy?

There is certainly an argument that some of these should be considered at a national or country level, such as security policy. However in the UK, especially as we move towards more regional devolution, much of the lead here must be provided by cities g

SEVEN WAYS TO ACCELERATE SMART CITY INITIATIVES Encourage more collaboration – City departments responsible for services such as lighting, traffic or transportation are often siloed. Creating a forum for discussion, and choosing systems which can be shared increases efficiency, reduces cost and accelerates improvement of services.

Include some ‘quick wins’ – Building momentum in smart city initiates is important with many stakeholders to win over. Picking a nearterm project proven to deliver immediate cost savings is a key starting point. Intelligent street lighting can be a great fit here – showing how infrastructure investment can drive extended value for years to come.

Get local businesses and communities on board – Create an environment that promotes and enables innovation, so local businesses can also become leaders in smart city technology.

Keep your options open – Try to retain the ability to pick third-party devices and applications that run on a smart city platform. Get more control and cost leverage with a ‘standards-based’ network and solutions that ensure everything interoperates and works seamlessly together, and can connect to city systems such as asset management or data platforms.

Promote open data – Many cities are looking to share data sets from across the city with individuals, businesses and research facilities to help improve quality of life and foster innovation. Cities’ success will require building an ecosystem of developers leveraging open standards and nurturing their ability to innovate.

Think beyond your current needs – Build a ‘future proof’ network that can expand in functionality and keep up with security requirements for the next 15-20 years. Looking for a standards-based architecture is critical.

Communicate success – Publicise concrete statistics that demonstrate the success of your project along the way, such as operational savings, reduced energy needs and improved customer satisfaction.

Lighting Journal January 2016

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24 Smart cities: special report g or regions, who will be best placed

to understand local priorities and considerations.

This is now happening to varying degrees across the UK, with some cities and local authorities defining clear visions and policies for their approach to modernising city services, with an aim to achieve consistency and efficiency.

We are also seeing increasingly the creation of city level chief technology or chief information officers – or some other equivalent name – whose job it will be to lead on this, take the strategic view and understand the multiple procurement complexities.

Should cities be collaborating more?

We are beginning to see some city or regional authorities recognise and grasp the benefits available from standardisation and collaboration, with clusters forming across Europe in places such as Scotland, Ireland, Poland and northern Italy.

I have not seen much evidence of collaboration in England, with the exception of the London boroughs who are making strong efforts to find

Lighting Journal January 2016

alignment and share knowledge.

Hopefully this will grow in the future.

How can we bring communities with us?

Especially when it comes to something like sharing of data and connectivity, if you’re not showing people – consumers – how this change is going to be positive for them, they will resist it.

But if you can show that putting in this new infrastructure is going to make a difference and be beneficial in their dayto-day lives, they’re going to be much more open to the idea of sharing data, often considerable amounts of it too.

So there is a hugely important community education and engagement piece around the whole smart city agenda.

How can we communicate the changing role of lighting (and the lighting professional) in all of this?

There is, obviously, a huge opportunity here for lighting professionals to look at their role and their influence, and to position themselves as champions of the multi-faceted evolution of lighting

and the lighting infrastructure that will normally accompany smart cities.

Lighting professionals, after all, are the people who actually deliver on all this; it may not be the most glamorous part of the smart city discussion but it is completely essential, especially in terms of the lighting professional’s role as the ‘gatekeeper’ of pre-existing standards.

The importance of authorities using the professionalism and expertise of the lighting professional to interrogate and evaluate what’s possible, and then to deliver it – within clearly defined standards and parameters – cannot be overstated.

But it also needs to be recognised this in turn could have ramifications for things like budgets, teams, recruitment, departmental relationships and so on.

From working with cities across the UK and Europe it is clear that many lighting teams will see this as an opportunity to be embraced, while others will take a little more persuasion.

Brian McGuigan is commercial director, Europe, Smart City Solutions, at Silver Spring Networks

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26

Festival of light: LewesLight

SOUTHERN STARS… LewesLight, the first festival of light in the East Sussex town of Lewes, saw it turned into a treasure trove of lighting installations, exhibits, talks and discussions for two days in October. And it is now set to become a regular event, says organiser and lighting designer Graham Festenstein

L

ewes is a small town with a population of just under 20,000, located in the south east of England near to the coast and just over an hour from London.

It has a long and proud history – it was the site of a Roman settlement, a Saxon castle, a priory and the battle of Lewes in 1264 where King Henry III was defeated

by Simon de Montfort.

In the mid-1500s it was the site of the execution

Lighting Journal January 2016

of 17 Protestant martyrs, an event remembered to this day by the Lewes fireworks, where up to 80,000 people descend on the town in November every year.

The idea of LewesLight – a festival of light in and across the town – had been talked about for a number of years. My consultancy is based in Lewes and I had long seen the potential benefit to the community of such an event. I had discussed the idea with environmentalist, author, journalist and Lewes resident John May, who was inspired by images from the event Lights in Alingsås in Sweden. We both believed Lewes would be an ideal location for something similar.

With 2015 being the UNESCO International Year of Light, it seemed to be the perfect time to realise these ambitions.

After a lot of work and planning, the result was LewesLight, which took place over 16-17 October.

The festival included not only lighting installations but an

exhibition and range of talks, with the intention being to make the programme as diverse as possible including science, astronomy, sustainability and health.

The fact Lewes sits on the South Downs in an area designated as a National Park, and with an aspiration to become a ‘Dark Skies Reserve’ also meant there was a focus on the environment, wildlife and the impact of lighting in such a sensitive area.

Educational input was provided by the Sussex Downs College a further education college located in the town, with students directly involved in the planning and implementation of the festival. In addition the festival was publicised to local schools.

LOCAL INPUT Keeping the local theme very much in mind I approached fellow Lewes resident, theatre and opera lighting designer Paul Pyant, and lighting designers Karen Van Creveld and Paul Nulty, again both experienced professionals and both with Lewes connections. All were very enthusiastic and keen to support the festival. Paul Nulty also enlisted his co-director Ellie Coombes, who had coincidentally grown up in Lewes, to coordinate input from the Nulty+ team.

The final piece of the jigsaw was enlisting the support of projection artist

Photographs: James McCauley, McCauley Photos

Festival of Light: LewesLight 27

Alex May, who had also grown up in Lewes and returned to the town with one of his pieces Shadows of Light, previously shown at the Kinetica Art Show and at Tate Modern.

The festival was based in the town’s Linklater Pavilion, where there was an exhibition on dark skies and the impact of artificial light on wildlife, as well as an educational display for younger children. On top of this the pavilion was host to a short programme of speakers: Paul Nulty on lighting design, myself on lighting as part of sustainable urban design, Dan Oakley from the South Downs National Park on dark skies and Dr Richard Hobday on light and health.

FOURTEEN INSTALLATIONS Around the town there were 14 installations, with buildings and spaces lit by conventional architectural schemes, torches or with digital projection. Visitors could navigate these either via a guided walk or by themselves using a map of the route.

Although the entire event was delivered on a shoestring budget, significant support came from within the industry. The event was affiliated with and supported by The Institution of Lighting Professionals, The Society of Light and Lighting, the International Association of Lighting Designers and the International Year of Light 2015.

Equipment was provided by a range

of manufacturers: Commercial Lighting, Meyer, iGuzzini, Light Projects, Architainment, Malham Lighting, SORAA and Osram, with additional support provided

by Russell Beck Studio and Creative Light and Power. The festival was supported by the Lewes Town Council.

So, how did it go?

The organisers were delighted – the festival attracted more than 800 people. In the process it demonstrated the tremendous potential it can offer by successfully combining community participation with highquality artwork and design.

Based on this fantastic feedback, I am confident LewesLight has a long future ahead of it.

Indeed, preparations have already begun for 2016 – so watch this space!

Lighting Journal January 2016

28

Festival of light: Lumiere Durham

… AND NORTHERN LIGHTS The fourth Lumiere Durham was held in November, and attracted a record 200,000 people over four nights

L

umiere Durham is produced by creative company Artichoke and commissioned by Durham County Council with support from Arts Council England and other sponsors.

The festival, now in its fourth year, this year attracted an estimated 200,000 people over four nights, who braved the elements to see 29 art installations spread across Durham’s city centre.

These included Catherine Garret’s 3D whale in the river, a ghostly fog beneath the cathedral and, in Asalto Durham, a projected artwork by Spanish artist Daniel Canogar, 250 locals ‘storming’ the 50 metre-high arches of Durham Viaduct,

PARIS TRIBUTE On the Saturday, Lumiere’s organisers paid tribute to the victims of the Paris terrorist attacks, lighting up Durham Cathedral in Tricoleur colours in between shows of The World Machine, a son et lumiere by Ross Ashton, John Del’Nero and Isobel Waller-Bridge.

Inside the cathedral, Miguel Chevalier’s Complex Meshes danced on the ceiling of the central nave, while Mick Stephenson’s installation was a replica of the cathedral’s Rose Window made from recycled plastic bottles, made for the Litre of Light charity.

Other installations included TILT’s tropical Garden of Light and Mysticète. Fujiko Nakaya’s Fogscape #03238

Lighting Journal January 2015

Durham also proved popular, with its endlessly mutable form interacting with the wind.

Helen Marriage, director of Artichoke, said: “I’m thrilled with the response to this year’s programme. Judging from the reaction of the public on the streets and on social media, people have loved it, and the rain did nothing to dampen spirits.”

And councillor Simon Henig, leader of Durham County Council, added: “Lumiere and Durham have become synonymous – a breath-taking mix of art, science and entertainment – 2015 has been more spectacular than ever.”

30

Student competition

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COMMUNITY

CHALLENGE The winners of the urban design Intelligent Community Challenge were announced at the end of November.

Lighting Journal looked at the innovative solutions that caught the judges’ eyes

he Intelligent Community Challenge is a competition funded by GE Lighting that ran through last autumn to encourage UK students to come up with innovative, thoughtprovoking LED-led lighting solutions to council regeneration challenges.

The winners were revealed at the end of November, with two teams from Ravensbourne College in Greenwich, south east London taking the top spots: Adriane Jimenez Escarfullery, Dominika Gozdek and Dagna Kołodyńska; and the team of Emma Islam and Leonardo Carmo Silva.

A special award, however, was also made to Clare Bevis of the Glasgow School of Art. The challenge is expected to run again later in 2016, and Lighting Journal looked at the winning schemes, and what food for thought lighting professionals might be able to take away from them.

ESCARFULLERY, GOZDEK AND KOŁODYŃSKA The Royal Borough of Greenwich is one of four sites around the country testing the feasibility of driverless or autonomous cars on our roads. How in this future environment roads or signage might or could be lit was at the heart of the team’s thinking.

The team was keen to address issues around the movement and availability of driverless cars. This included the potential for such cars to change the built environment and how, in turn, they might change the relationship between car, city and pedestrian.

Their proposal was that the cars should individually be lit under a traffic light scheme – green through to red – through which pedestrians would be able to understand what the vehicle was about to do next.

This LED screen on each car would tell pedestrians what the car was doing or about to do, and in how many seconds it would stop. The fact the vehicles would glow would also help to bring light to city streets in the night.

Escarfullery, Gozdek and Kołodyńska: traffic light system for driverless cars in london

Lighting Journal January 2016

Student competition

Relative brightness sensitivity of the human visual system as a function of wavelength: changing colours will help people tell if a car is stopping

ISLAM AND CARMO SILVA The team’s ‘Night City/Catwalk Canal’ project looked at how to use LED lighting to turn an otherwise dark and threatening canal tunnel in Birmingham into a much more fun, interactive and safe environment, and in the process make it more attractive and more used by the local community.

A starry sky effect would be projected on the ceiling of the tunnel and a shadow skyline projected through the sheet of glass on to the waterside of the tunnel.

Community bicycles would be available to use and there would be projected ‘fashion shows’ on the water; a sensor would be placed near the tunnel’s entrance so the projections did not become a hazard for any boat approaching. There would also be lights indicating the edge of the pathway to ensure people did not fall into the water.

BEVIS Clare Bevis’ ‘Cluster’ project was focused on how to light more effectively the streets of Barrowlands, a somewhat deprived and run-down area of Glasgow. Her Cluster seating installation consists of interactive seating cubes situated around the base of a lighting column.

The idea is when a person sits on a cube it becomes active and heats up.

A light then appears around the cube to show it has been activated. As this happens, the lighting column changes colour from blue to red to send signals to passers-by that the area is in use.

‘As more people join the seating zone, the more it becomes a social zone where heat is essentially shared amongst people, subconsciously connecting them,’ says Clare.

31

Car showing a) cover, b) solar panels, c) LED light, d) LED light screen

Islam and Carmo Silva: bringing life back to a Birmingham canal tunnel

Bevis: cubes to attract and communicate with the wider community in Glasgow

Lighting Journal January 2016

32

LED efficiency and compatibility

LONGER LIFE LEARNING As LEDs become ever-more mainstream, it is even more important lighting professionals fully understand – and educate themselves about – the potential technical challenges this new technology can create, argues Sam Woodward

W

e are enjoying one of the most exciting periods in the evolution of the lighting world to date; and at a pivotal point in time for our planet too. The urgent need to reduce our energy consumption, to combat climate change and conserve the world’s natural resources is, now more than ever before, capable of being met by the confluence of three technologies.

We have new light sources developing (particularly with the recent viability of LED as a mainstream method of illuminating our buildings) at the same time as a renaissance in simplified user-interface design.

And it is all supported by the advances in affordable electronic wired and wireless communications technologies, which allow systems to network together.

We can now have a building space that is easy for users to interact with and which can make ‘smart’ decisions about the balanced use of artificial and natural light. As a result, we can then deploy the requisite artificial light from

Lighting Journal January 2016

lamps and fixtures more efficiently than ever before. This is good news, and all makes for an exciting time to be working in lighting.

If you’re a regular attendee at any of the world’s lighting fairs, you’ll no doubt have watched with interest as the debate has moved from ‘is LED a viable light-source for the future?’, around a decade ago, to ‘when will the tipping point to LED dominance happen?, about five years ago, to ‘how do we cope with the problems that a new technology has brought us?’ now that LED is the mainstream, and the mass-market forces take hold.

The longer-life, and high luminous efficacy, of LEDs are now fulfilling our need for better, more energy-efficient light sources.

TEETHING PROBLEMS Yet, LEDs are only one third of the story. In the quest for achieving the most efficient projects, we must adopt a three-pronged approach.

These are 1) using the most efficient light source, 2) deploying the most

efficient drivers for that source, and 3) installing controls to dim or switch off the light when that light is not actually required. Omitting any of these three will not result in an optimally-efficient project.

Whilst it’s not immediately visible from market growth figures, the LED world has already been hurt by teething problems during the adoption-phase of this technology.

This birthing pain is normal, will surely pass, and requires us all to make education around LED topics a priority.

For example, you often hear people from all areas of the lighting world describe LEDs as a ‘total nightmare’ whilst simultaneously confirming that they’re still the most important innovation to happen in our industry for many years. Ask any group of electricians about their LED-controls experience and they’ll report that problems such as flicker, premature failure of lamps or bad dimming performance are all commonplace.

Sadly, issues such as these often detract from the crucial role of LEDs in advancing our industry, and the fantastic advantages that this revolutionary new light-source have given us.

Specifically, much angst is experienced where older dimmers, previously successfully connected to incandescent loads (in other words resistive ‘hot wire’ lamps), are being connected instead to retro-fit LED lamps.

The reality here is that many LED replacements simply do not act, electrically, in the same way as a ‘hot wire’ incandescent lamp did, and therefore many older dimmers don’t like it! However, that’s part of the journey in making the switch to a new light source: we want to use new loads that are significantly more efficient than those which came before, and therefore they are bound to be different.

LED efficiency and compatibility 33 a neutral connection to the dimmer, so it is not obtaining power through the load.

You often hear people from all areas of the lighting world describe LEDs as a ‘total nightmare’ whilst simultaneously confirming they’re still the most important innovation to happen in our industry for many years Additionally, amongst other issues, dimmers that were not designed for LED loads may require a minimumload that is less than the number of Watts that newer, more-efficient, lamps actually draw in total. Without having this minimum load, the main dimming output component may not control the load as intended, resulting in flicker issues.

These problems can be solved by recognising that an installation, in other words dimmer plus loads, needs to be considered as a whole, rather than expecting any dimmer to work with any LED load. In replacing the load it is likely the dimmer will need replacing too, usually with one that has both a live and

STANDARDS FOR LAMP DIMMABILITY At the moment there are no universally adopted standards for lamp dimmability, but the good news is there are ones in development. NEMA SSL-7A is one such standard, which provides for basic interoperability between LED loads and mains-sine-wave-chopping dimmers (also known as phase-control).

Using dimmers and lamps that are compliant with this voluntary standard will provide some assurance of basic dimming performance. However, SSL-7A compliance alone is insufficient to ensure the dimming performance will meet the needs and expectations of customers.

In the meantime comprehensive compatibility testing of combinations of loads and dimmers is essential and is the only guaranteed way of ensuring LEDs and controls can work together flawlessly.

In doing such tests it must be remembered the number of lamps now matters more than ever before, and there is no guarantee a circuit with, for example, three lamps, will behave in the same way as a circuit with six lamps.

Because of the differences in LED loads, positive test results with one load cannot be generalised to many different loads. It may seem a mammoth task to test all possible dimmers with all potential lamp types and quantities.

But companies like ourselves (and we started doing this in 2009) are testing lamp/dimmer combinations for exactly this reason.

Moving away from retro-fit-lamps, a much more certain way of controlling

NEMA SSL-7A is insufficient alone to ensure all expectations of dimming

LED brightness is to use drivers, which take a fixed mains power-supply along with a low-voltage signal with which to instruct the driver how bright the LED should be. These low-voltage signals use protocols such as DALI, EcoSystem, DMX, or one of a number of wireless-based protocols.

NEED FOR EDUCATION Analogue signals (known as 0-10V or 1-10V) are also still very common indeed.

All of these protocols achieve the same end-result (they set the brightness of the LEDs), but some have more features than others (for example a suitable DALI controller can report back on the status of the lamps). None of these protocols are fully interoperable without ‘gateway’ or translation devices, and an understanding of each is now a necessary element of an electrician’s education.

Further challenges are presented by LED loads, specifically from the driver or gear circuitry (which is required to convert the mains-line-level voltage of a building into the low-voltage required by the LED chips themselves).

One such challenge is inrush current: both at the initial point of switching and, if leading-edge mains dimming is being used, on every half-cycle of the mains (in other words, every 1/100th of a second). Inrush problems when switching on a load can be resolved by using SoftSwitch technology (where the switching is guaranteed to occur at the zero-crossing point in the mains cycle) in the controller for switched loads, or dimmer de-rating when calculating the maximum LED load per circuit for dimmed loads. Additionally you should chose drives with a low inrush, or SoftStart, feature.

As a light source LED brings us so many exciting benefits: expected lifetimes that are an order of magnitude longer than previous lamp-types, fantastically high efficiency and a wonderful world of new form-factors and fixture shapes.

Yet we must realise that, along with the opportunities given by LED, the former era of universal lamp compatibility is now behind us. Therefore, in this brave new era we require a deeper and broader education around the technical issues presented by LED. The good news is there are plenty of resources available to help – and smooth-controlled, flicker-free lighting can be achieved.

Sam Woodward is customer education leader, EMEA, at Lutron Electronics

Lighting Journal January 2016

34

Light School at the Surface Design Show

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Light School at the Surface Design Show takes place next month, from 9-11 February.

Lighting Journal looks at what this year’s ‘students’ can expect

WHY LIGHT SCHOOL MATTERS Whether you’re an architect, interior designer or lighting professional, light school has something to offer, argues Mark Ridler The standard of speakers at this year’s Light School is extremely high and everyone, be they architect, interior designer or lighting professional will learn something valuable without doubt.

The speakers are all prominent leaders in their field, and cover all sectors.

It would be a rare person indeed who knows everything about lighting and has nothing to learn from such an eminent panel!

Light School is about inspiring and informing; about opening people’s eyes to the power, beauty and benefit of the skilful application of light.

If this is in anyway achieved then the show can be judged a success. The last two years were standing room-only and feedback from the floor was very positive.

For me, the main purpose of Light School is to develop the dialogue between the lighting profession, architects and interior designers.

I’m looking forward to an opportunity to meet our partners in the creation of the built environment and having the chance to discuss the phenomena that most inspires and motivates my professional life – light.

Mark Ridler is lighting director for BDP, ILP Vice President, Architectural and will be one of the speakers at this year’s Light School

Lighting Journal January November/December 2016 2015

Light School at the Surface Design Show 35

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he Surface Design Show has been running for more than ten years. It is the only UK event that focuses solely on interior and exterior surfaces, connecting an audience of architects and designers with innovative and exciting materials – and last year attracted more than 5,000 visitors.

Light and surface are, of course, inseparable partners.

What Light School therefore does is give attendees a deeper insight into lighting trends and how light can affect the appearance of a surface.

Now in its third year, Light School at London’s Business design Centre is supported by the Institution of Lighting Professionals and presented by Light Collective.

Just like the wider show, the school has grown and become increasingly popular over the years. Last year it attracted some 400 architects and designers.

So, what’s the plan this year?

For 2016, Light School this year will consist of three parts: ‘The School Room’, ‘Product School’ and ‘The School Newspaper’, each designed to inspire visitors about the latest in lighting design and lighting products.

THE SCHOOL ROOM The School Room will offer attendees more than two days of ‘lessons’ from leading members of the lighting design community.

Many of the ‘teachers’ will be returning for their second or third year, but there are this year a number of new teachers and, as a result, even more presentations.

Speakers confirmed for 2016 include: • Sally Storey of Lighting Design International and design director of John Cullen Lighting • Rebecca Weir, creative director of Light IQ • David Atkinson of David Atkinson Lighting Design • Mark Ridler, lighting director of BDP and the ILP’s Vice President, Architectural The School Room is this year being sponsored by iGuzzini and mondo*arc is its media partner.

• • •

PRODUCT SCHOOL Product School is where architects and designers can get a comprehensive overview of lighting innovation and new technology; where, in essence, they can touch, compare and learn about new products and services.

As in previous years, Product School will be made up of contributions from the Friends of Light School, which this year include the ILP, iGuzzini, Xicato, Applelec, Optelma, Trilux, Concord, LED Linear and Spectral.

As well as supporting the education programme, the Friends of Light School will be setting up demo spaces to showcase the differences lighting products can bring to projects.

THE SCHOOL NEWSPAPER The School Newspaper – this year sponsored by Xicato – is a free newspaper sent out to 70,000 architects, designers and specifiers, as well as given out to every attendee of Light School. It contains articles on lighting design as well as reports and write-ups from both The School Room and the Product Room.

It will also contain contact details for all The School Room speakers for anyone who wishes to follow-up with them after the event.

Full details about Light School can be found at www.surfacedesignshow.com/light-school You can also follow the show, and the school, on Twitter at @surfacethinking Lighting professionals can attend for free by registering at the above address

Lighting Journal January 2016

36 Legal issues

SIGNED, SEALED… DELIVERED?

Negotiating or drafting contracts that incorporate terms from other agreements can be convenient. But be careful you’re not inadvertently leaving yourself open to a range of legal and liability risks, caution Laura Tilbrook and Howard Crossman

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t’s becoming increasingly common for companies to seek to incorporate – and therefore rely upon – the terms of one contract within an entirely separate one. But, as recent cases at the Court of Appeal give us a timely reminder, such contracts need to be considered and drafted carefully.

Moreover, lighting professionals need to be very alert to the potential dangers and complications that can arise from this practice.

The most common examples of incorporating terms from one contract into another are: • stepping down provisions of a main contract into a subcontract; or • adopting the conditions in a framework agreement into a contract/order placed under it.

This can be useful as it helps ensure liability under the main contract is passed down consistently onto the subcontractor. It can also enable contracts made under a framework agreement to be substantially shorter by relying on clauses set out in detail in the overarching contract.

However, there are a number of important potential pitfalls employers,

Lighting Journal January 2016

local government, contractors and professionals in the lighting industry need to be aware of when negotiating or drafting contracts that incorporate terms from other agreements. These include: • Provisions that were not intended to apply to subsequent contracts being inadvertently incorporated.

Even clauses with significant effect, such as termination or liability caps, can be adopted without specific wording or, in some cases, without the parties even intending them to be included!

• Clauses concerning the same issue being contained in both contracts but dealt with in very different manners. The question then becomes which one takes precedence. As we’ll be discussing below, this can be particularly problematic when the clauses deal with how to resolve disputes.

INCORPORATION OF TERMS In one of the most recent cases on this issue, Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Europe Ltd v BAE Systems (Al Diriyah C41) Ltd [2015] EWCA Civ 844, the Court of Appeal gave useful

guidance on the incorporation of terms from a framework agreement.

The appellant (‘NGM’) entered into a framework agreement with a third party (‘BAESI’) which included a number of standard clauses providing, for instance, for dispute resolution, limitation of liability and termination (the ‘enabling

Silence over key terms can lead to complicated litigation to sort out the actual terms, where the result can go either way but is ultimately decided based on a judge’s interpretation of the position.

Legal issues 37 agreement’). It was this last clause that lay at the heart of the dispute, as the enabling agreement and any purchase orders made under it could be terminated at either party’s discretion, in other words for convenience.

NGM later entered into an agreement with the respondent (‘BAE’), a sister company to BAESI, for the supply of software licences (the ‘licence agreement’).

The software licences were to be supplied in two tranches: the first set in December 2010 and the remainder (the majority) a year later. Although it was not set out in the contract, the purchase price included a discount that was offered by NGM during negotiations on the condition BAE purchased all of the licences.

The licence agreement was very brief and did not include standard clauses or any right to terminate. There was, however, an apparent intention to incorporate these provisions as the licence agreement stated: ‘This Agreement shall be governed by the terms contained within the Enabling Agreement…’.

BAE terminated the licence agreement before the second set of licences was delivered or paid for.

The issue for the Court of Appeal was whether the termination clause in the enabling agreement was in fact incorporated into the licence agreement.

The court agreed it was, but emphasised that clauses in the licence agreement would take precedence over those in the enabling agreement where they were flatly inconsistent with each other.

NGM also tried to argue that the discounted price was conditional upon BAE purchasing both sets of licences so any right to terminate once the first half had been provided was ‘flatly inconsistent’ with the licence agreement and therefore could not be enforced.

Again the Court of Appeal rejected this argument, because the discount (and the conditions behind it) had only been discussed during negotiations and were not specifically set out in the contract.

Accordingly, BAE got the benefit of the discount on the first set of licences, notwithstanding that it had not met the requirement to purchase all of the licences.

Based on the decision in Northrop, this could potentially lead to situations such as: • A company being able to rely upon the terms of a separate contract that it is not a party to (provided that

it is properly incorporated).

• Minor modifications being made to terms in one contract where they are necessary to make it work in a second contract. In Northrop, for example, the purchaser in the enabling agreement was defined as BAESI, but the court was happy to refer to BAE as the purchaser also.

• A discount or concession granted during negotiations based on certain conditions (such as a large or subsequent order being placed) becoming not necessarily reversible if those conditions are not met.

Therefore parties should include any conditions in the contract.

CONFLICTING PROVISIONS People or entities negotiating contracts in the lighting sector also need to be careful with conflicting provisions where two contracts are closely connected.

An example of this is where a contract attaches an earlier contract between the same parties as a schedule. In Trust Risk Group SpA v AmTrust Europe Ltd [2015] EWCA Civ 437, the Court of Appeal considered just this issue.

The first contract was a terms of business agreement (‘TOB’) which provided that all disputes would be dealt with under English law by litigation. The same parties then entered into another contract (the ‘framework agreement’) which attached the TOB as a schedule.

However, this agreement said any disputes would have to be arbitrated in Italy.

The key question therefore was whether there were still two separate contracts, or whether they were treated as one contract. If the latter, the framework agreement would take precedence and the dispute would have to be referred to arbitration.

The court worked through the contracts carefully and ultimately determined that the framework agreement did not supersede or override the TOB in this particular case.

It also held that the actual dispute between the parties was more closely linked to the TOB, so the dispute should be resolved in accordance with its dispute provisions – in other words under English law.

This case demonstrates the importance of parties using clear wording to define the scope and application of their contract, in particular if it is appended to or included in another contract. It also highlights the benefit of ensuring, if possible, that dispute resolution clauses included

within closely connected contracts are the same.

The conclusion we can therefore draw is that the incorporation of main contract terms needs to be considered carefully because it can give rise to significant difficulties, particularly where it is done through general words and without careful consideration of the consequences.

Silence over key terms can lead to complicated litigation to sort out the actual terms, where the result can go either way but is ultimately decided based on a judge’s interpretation of the position.

Rather than face this uncertainty, we recommend those with responsibility for negotiating contracts in the lighting industry take advice to ensure they have a clear and consistent agreement drafted from the outset.

Laura Tilbrook is senior solicitor and Howard Crossman (hcrossman@ greenwoods.co.uk) is head of construction at Greenwoods solicitors LLP. With offices in London, Cambridge and Peterborough, Greenwoods is a UK commercial law firm providing legal advice and pragmatic solutions to local, national and international clients

Lighting Journal January 2016

38

Inside the ILP: Young Lighting Professionals

CARIBBEAN CLASS As a young street lighting designer, the last thing YLP member James Duffin expected to be doing was lighting a Caribbean food festival. It turned out to be a steep learning curve, but hugely rewarding

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s a street lighting designer, formally at SSE Enterprise Lighting before recently moving to INDO Lighting, I spend most of my days looking at AutoCAD and Lighting Reality, answering emails and phone calls about new housing estates and road improvements.

So when a colleague in customer care, Zara Coombes, approached me to light a festival – the Jerk Off ‘Caribbean Culinary Combat’ festival in Fareham in Hampshire in July – it was rather unexpected, to say the least.

Zara had been struggling to find an experienced entertainment lighting designer, when my manager Simon Bushell suggested she ask me, as I have a background in theatre lighting with a BA in theatre arts and HND in lighting and sound design With only a matter of weeks to go before the event I met Matt, the sound and lighting manager. He had been buying lighting equipment, but had no prior experience in lighting, although he had a good knowledge of the required power distribution.

I entered the space that was to be used for rehearsals to find a vast selection of lighting equipment dimmers, DMX cables, lighting desks, moving lights and parcans, not to mention all the flight cases they had come out of.

Therefore, every night after work for the next few nights I worked closely with Matt to create a look for the festival and to program the chases and moving lights into the lighting desk.

Lighting Journal January 2016

RASTA COLOURS He wanted a look that reflected the Caribbean nature of the festival and I suggested the lighting should follow this theme.We chose to use the Rasta colours of green, red and yellow as the signature for the lighting. I ordered red, green and yellow gels for the overhead generic lighting and a warm chocolate gel for the side and footlights.

In addition to buying all the lighting equipment, Matt had bought a secondhand Turbosound sound system in need of restoration. While Matt and his friend restored the speaker cabinets, I worked busily to program the lighting from the main stage into an Avolites Pearl lighting desk.

There was also a dance stage to be lit, for which I tested all the lighting equipment that was to be used in this space – another Avolites Pearl lighting desk along with 8x Martin MAC 250 Kryptons and 6x Martin RoboScan 218.

These all worked perfectly and while testing each one it was programmed with its DMX address and this stored into the Avolites Pearl. Finally I drew up a rig plan, took down all the lighting equipment and packed it ready to be transferred to the festival site.

I finished work at SSE on the Friday, the day before the festival started. The lighting team and I then worked solidly (in the rain!) until midnight running in cables and unloading equipment on to the stage to ensure everything was ready to be completed in the morning before the festival opened.

At 6:30am prompt we were all back on site to get on and finish the lighting installation before the festival opened at 11am. This involved multiple trips up and down ladders to install and focus the lights, secure drapes around the stage, and do the final tidying of the stage ready for the first act.

At 11am the first act went on stage.

Matt and I had programmed some simple chases using the parcans at the rear of the stage. With all the daylight streaming into the stage very little could

be seen from our 1,000 watt parcans beyond a slight glow of green, red and yellow.

For the next few acts the excellent July sunshine put paid to much in the way of stage lighting. So between myself and the other three members of the lighting team we periodically changed the chases running on the rear parcans.

PYROTECHNICS Work continued to complete the rigging in the dance tent, running cables and hanging lanterns. Matt worked tirelessly, programming the dance stage’s lighting as, because of time constraints it hadn’t been undertaken already. I kept checking and changing the lighting on the main stage and prepared the pyrotechnics, a large smoke flare for the opening of the dance stage.

At 5:30pm all was ready for the dance stage to open and I let off the pyrotechnic to signal the opening of the dance stage! I then returned to the main stage to light a local Fareham band called Fyah Keepers.

I took a break to grab a rushed dinner while one of the stage crew looked after the main stage. As the sunlight dropped away the stage lighting came into its own. However, the 1,200 Watt Clay Paky Golden Scans were not packing the punch I had expected. (I went to see Matt the following week and found the Golden Scan lanterns had not had their lenses fitted to them – so no wonder.)

This led to some on-the-fly programming of the other moving lights to increase their impact. All this was completed ready for the final two acts. We hadn’t been able to rehearse with any of the acts

Inside the ILP: Young Lighting Professionals previously so to compensate for this we programmed lighting that could be built up layer by layer to create varying looks. To achieve this, each attribute of the moving lights were programmed individually onto the roller of the Avolites Pearl.

Once the final act came off stage at 11:30pm I worked quickly to take down any lighting equipment that was unprotected from the elements as a storm was predicted to hit at 4am. I completed this by midnight, so I was able to take my first rest of the day!

I took a seat at the bar and watched the dance stage until 12:30am when security started to clear the site. Finally I could relax and feel happy at what I had achieved.

I was great to be involved with the Jerk Off, a real learning experience – and I am pleased to say I have been invited back this year to be the lighting designer for the main stage.

39

The view from the lighting desk

James Duffin is a lighting designer with INDO Lighting Calling all YLP Members!

Would you like to have your voice heard by the lighting community? The YLP column is dedicated to articles, information and news about YLP members, therefore if you’ve attended an event, or would like to write an article, or share your experiences from within the lighting industry, please contact: Tom Baynham: ylp@indolighting.com

The lighting from a distance

Some of the vast selection of lighting equipment used

Lighting Journal January 2016

Skira architectural lighting design, Pula, Croatia, winners of a 2015 Lighting Design Award

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Book review

43

A STIMULATING READ This updated, second edition of Light Sources covers both traditional and new lighting technology sources with great aplomb, while its analysis of how light affects health is both fascinating and thought-provoking, recommends Brian Healy

Title: Light Sources (Second Edition): Basics of Lighting Technologies and Applications Author: Spiros Kitsinelis, associate professor at Ehime University, Japan Publisher: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group Pages: 295 ISBN: 978-1-4822-4367-3

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s we progress into the new era of digital lighting it is very timely to see a second edition of Light Sources, which includes sections on both traditional and new technology sources and a fully updated section on solid state lighting.

The author sets out his stall with a very embracing summary of the more traditional incandescent and discharge sources, with good use of reference material from respected industry sources and excellent use of graphics in both colour and black and white to reinforce information delivery on spectral distribution and black body curves, with strong reference linkage back to colour quality and how we can deliver it.

The section on incandescent is informative, and I liked the timelines provided by the author showing key innovation points for both incandescent and discharge technologies.

The discharge lamp section talks about some very versatile traditional sources, such as white son, with illustrations of lamp technologies from most of the innovative key players, with Philips, GE (Thorn), Osram and Iwasaki all represented.

I would have liked to have seen more reference to corresponding control circuits in the discharge section, however this is a minor point. As you would expect, both fluorescent and induction technologies are summarised in this section too. Discharge is rounded

off by a good overview of alternative discharge sources and possible future opportunities for further developments for specialist application.

TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE With regards to new technology, the author creates an interesting analogy for solid state lighting impact by comparing it to how the transistor overtook valve technology. Again, this section shows an interesting technology timeline. Dr Kitsinelis explores LED technology with great aplomb, discussing spectral output, colour mixing, thermal management and junction temperature, dimming, flicker, and driver and control issues. To understand his insights into the technology fully, you would need to buy the book!

The technology and its benefits and limitations are laid bare in a comprehensive yet concise fashion. The author’s years of experience in this field are evident.

In a similar fashion, we again see a concise but well laid out section on lasers, explaining how they work and their significant benefit and impact into new applications across many differing fields, including medical usage. A comparison of the available sources at our disposal is followed by a look at luminaire technology, which strikes an interesting balance between the old and the new.

This brings us to a new and added section in the book, looking

at illuminating spaces. Here I think a good balance is struck in technology recommendation. Whilst it’s true to say the speed of LED deployment is now quite staggering in some markets, there are some timely reminders that sometimes other technologies still have much to offer.

The last major chapter of the book deals with light sources and health and looks at a good number of situations where choice of light source can impact in both positive or negative fashion.

This section is fascinating, and the reader is left in no doubt that our knowledge of light and health is benefiting greatly from the many ongoing research projects across the globe.

For me, it was one of the most thought-provoking chapters of all, followed by a concise epilogue and excellent glossary and appendices.

In summary, an excellent technical publication for anyone involved in lighting or spatial design.

If you need to source one reference book as a foundation for knowledge of lighting and wellbeing, I can thoroughly recommend this new and updated edition as a stimulating read.

Brian Healy is director of Bright Design Carbon Solutions, which specialises in the supply and distribution of carbon reduction solutions to the lighting industry

Lighting Journal January 2016

Lighting Consultants Carl Ackers

Mark Chandler

Alan Jaques

Built Environment Consulting Ltd

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Atkins

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL

Castle Donington DE74 2UH

EngTech AMILP

Reading RG10 9QN

IEng MILP

Nottingham, NG9 2HF

T: +44 (0) 1332 811711 M: 07867 784906 E: carlackers@bec-consulting.co.uk

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

With many years’ experience we are able to bring a wealth of knowledge to the design process. Our vision is to deliver class leading sustainable solutions for the built environment, including specialist internal and external lighting design and specification services, record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Steven Biggs

John Conquest

Tony Price

Skanska Infrastructure Services

4way Consulting Ltd

Vanguardia Consulting

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk

www.skanska.co.uk

T: 0161 480 9847 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Colin Fish

Ian Runciman

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhof

LED

www.bec-consulting.co.uk

IEng MILP

Peterborough PE1 5XG

Simon Bushell MBA DMS IEng MILP

SSE Enterprise Lighting

Portsmouth PO6 1UJ T: +44 (0)2392276403 M: 07584 313990 E: simon.bushell@ssecontracting.com

www.sseenterprise.co.uk Professional consultancy from the largest external lighting contractor maintaining 1.5m lights in the UK and Ireland. Exterior lighting/electrical design for Motorways, Highways, Architectural, Car Parks, Public Spaces and Sports lighting. From advice on carbon reduction strategies to delivering the whole installation package.

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP Stockport, SK4 1AS

www.4wayconsulting.com

IEng MILP

Hertford SG13 7NN

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com

www.wspgroup.com

Providing design and technical services for all applications of exterior and interior lighting from architectural to sports, rail, area, highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations on wildlife and the community.

www.atkinsglobal.com

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Oxted RH8 9EE

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

BEng (Hons) CEng MILP

Cumbernauld G68 9LD

M: 07726 358955 T: 01236 805995 E: ian.runciman@lightandenergy.co.uk

www.lightandenergy.co.uk

Professional lighting consultancy offering technical advice, design and management for exterior and hazardous area lighting, services for architectural lighting using the latest colour changing technologies and advice on energy and asset management, policy and strategy preparation..

Simon Butt

Stephen Halliday

Alistair Scott

Capita

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhof

Designs for Lighting Ltd

BEng(Hons) CEng, MICE, MILP, MAPM Blackburn, BB2 1AU

EngTech AMILP

Manchester M50 3SP

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE Winchester SO23 7TA

www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com

Capita are a market leading design consultant, who specialise in street lighting design, LED retrofit schemes and project management. We also provide budget reducing solutions through technical expertise in products, specifications and procurement. We offer energy reduction advice, funding mechanisms and financial evaluations.

www.wspgroup.com

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Lorraine Calcott

Philip Hawtrey

Anthony Smith

it does lighting ltd

Mouchel

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd

T: 01254 273000 E: simon.butt@capita.co.uk

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

T: 01908 698869 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

www.itdoes.co.uk

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

BTech IEng MILP MIET

Sutton Coldfield B72 1PH

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

Clayton Fourie Consultancy Ltd

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhof

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

T: 07722 111424 E: claytonfourie@aol.com

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

Internationally experienced multi-disciplinary consultants. We provide design and technical advice on all aspects of exterior lighting, hazardous area lighting, traffic signals and other highway electrical works.We also provide Planning Advice, Road Safety Audits and Expert Witness Services

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

www.clayton-fourie-consultancy.com

Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

Allan Howard

Edinburgh, EH15 3RT

Eng FILP

www.mouchel.com

T: 04489 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com

Euan Clayton IEng MILP

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

www.wspgroup.com

www.staintonlds.co.uk

Nick Smith IEng MILP

Nick Smith Associates Limited Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

www.nicksmithassociates.com Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise Alan Tulla IEng FILP FSLL

Michael Walker

Winchester, SO22 4DS

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

CMS IEng MILP

Alan Tulla Lighting

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

Ferrybridge, WF11 8NA, UK

T: 0197 7632 502 E: Michael.Walker@pbworld.com

www.pbworld.com

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

This directory gives details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

RECRUITMENT

Sales Engineer (Lighting, Traffic & Streetscape- Support Structures & Solutions) Due to continuous success, we are recruiting a self-motivated and professional Technical Sales professional to join the team in Chesterfield Derbyshire for the UK market. In this challenging role, you will support the expansion by actively promoting all bespoke products and services to a portfolio of existing and new clients in conjunction with our own and group Conimast ranges in order to achieve budgeted levels of revenue.

Working closely with the Commercial Director, you will offer technical advice and support to customers, understanding requirements and providing effective solutions to their needs, so the ability to read and interpret CAD drawings would be beneficial. This is a client focussed position, and you will work in a profitable and professional manner whilst adhering to company policies and procedures at all times.

The ideal candidate will be educated to degree level in an engineering subject, preferably Engineering, and experience within OEM, Lighting, Architects & Construction would be advantageous for the role, though not essential, as is previous sales experience. This position would suit a highly driven individual who has solid technical knowledge of the sector and who would like to gain experience in a sales environment. We are looking for a keen negotiator, who can present information clearly and have excellent communication skills with a fantastic customer service approach.

Applications by email to neil.clarke@mallatite.co.uk by 22nd January 2016

February

ISSUE

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

In all the debate around circadian lighting, is there a risk that we end up putting technology before people?

MENTAL HEALTH

The links between lighting, mental wellbeing and performance – even in daytime

LIGHT AS A SERVICE

How ‘rent your lighting’ schemes work

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY EXTERIOR LIGHTING

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

Kiwa CMT Testing MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

candela L I G H T

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units Switch Fuse Units • • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels The Load Conditioner Unit • (Patent Pending) Accessories • Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING Specialists in supply and installation of high quality decorative and festive lighting for City centres, shopping centres, towns and villages.A full range of equipment is available for purchase or hire including column motifs, cross road displays, IP68 festoon lighting, and various tree lighting systems.Our services range from supply, hire, design, installation, and total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

LIGHTING

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690

info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

COLUMNS

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- Direct LED retrofit lamps - LED gear tray retrofits

TRAINING SERVICES

- Induction Lighting

CPD Accredited Training • AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

0203 051 1687 www.indolighting.com

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210, Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com

www.hagnerlightmeters.com

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events

23 February 29 JANUARY

Closing date for entries to the Lighting Design Awards http://awards.lighting.co.uk/

9-11 February

Surface Design Show Venue: The Business Design Centre, London, N1 0QH www.surfacedesignshow.com/light-school

12 February

Dinner Dance Venue: Airth Castle Hotel, Stirlingshire AlastairMaltman@tofco.co.uk

Fundamental Lighting course (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Regent House, Rugby www.theilp.org.uk/events

23 February

YLP Technical Session 1 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Designplan, Sutton, SM3 9QS www.theilp.org.uk/events

3 March

Practical Street Lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Regent House, Rugby www.theilp.org.uk/events

13-18 March

Light + Building, Frankfurt http://light-building.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/ besucher/willkommen.html

11 April

Exterior Lighting Diploma – module 2 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: The Draycote Hotel, Thurlaston, Warwickshire www.theilp.org.uk/events

5 May

Lighting Design Awards (Supported by the ILP) Venue: London Hilton, Park Lane http://awards.lighting.co.uk/

14 May

Midlands Region gala dinner Venue: Leicester Marriot www.theilp.org.uk/events

13 May

Exterior Lighting Diploma – module 3 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: The Draycote Hotel, Thurlaston, Warwickshire www.theilp.org.uk/events

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