Lighting Journal February 2015

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

Why surfaces make a material difference Central management systems: are their days numbered?

February 2015

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Contents

LIGHTING JOURNAL February 2015 03 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS

28 SAFE AND SOUND

08 ENLIGHTEN

The new-look Opinion page

10 MATERIAL EFFECT

10

The surfaces specified are crucial to the lit appearance of any design scheme.

Kevin Theobald explains the basic principles

14 CLIMATE OF OPINION

Lighting professionals are driving down energy use to meet carbon targets. But what if climate change is not as clear cut as it is made out to be? asks Dave Burton

18 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Peter Raynham summarises the major changes in the ILP’s newly updated PLG05 on illuminated advertisements

20 GLOWING THROUGH

18

THE ROOF

One company is putting together a package of natural light, solar power and electric light for a one- stop shop efficiency solution

22 DRIVING RANGE

Are you underrunning your LEDs? With the latest versions, higher currents mean more lumens, explains Alan Grant

In the second of a two-part feature Mark Tidswell looks at visual inspections, and how to interpret and evaluate results, and provides a table of fault references

36 A GLIMMER OF

KNOWLEDGE

Future concept: a new technology

uses light to convey information to smart devices

38 PIPs

Featuring Professional Industry Partners

40 THE ROAD AHEAD

VPs’ column: Alan Jaques, VP highways and infrastructure, on his new remit and the need for a guidance update in 2015

42 PRODUCTS 44 SPARKLE AND SHINE

Emma Cogswell, IALD UK projects manager, considers the rising star of the lighting festival

46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 CONSULTANTS 49 DIARY

COVER PICTURE

28

Seeing surfaces in the right light (Material effect, p10)

Lighting Journal February 2015

Providing the Right Light, in the Right Place, at the Right Time CU Phosco Lighting has provided Transport for London with over 5000 LED luminaires to the TfL network since January 2014.

TfL’s overriding objective was to improve the energy efficiency of its street lighting. A combination of CMS technology with LED lighting offered flexibility in lighting control in terms of profiling, flexible lighting levels during public events or planned works, providing a safer white light solution for driving/pedestrian experiences and also reducing maintenance costs across the network.

CU Phosco Lighting is very proud to be part of this program to support our Capital in reducing energy and improving London’s experience with quality lighting solutions.

01920 860600 www.cuphosco.com sales@cuphosco.co.uk

Editorial 3 Volume 80 No 2 February 2015 President Mark Cooper IEng MILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jillentwistle@yahoo.com Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster Advertising Manager Julie Bland Email: julie@matrixprint.com

O

ne of the perennial issues in lighting is how to join up that particular aspect of the design process with all the other bits.

Lighting designers have been telling architects and interior

designers for years that it is essential that they are brought in at an early stage if a scheme is to be truly integrated, and to allow problems to be identified before the process gets too far down the road and become expensive to rectify. As Kevin Theobald points out (Material effect, p10), the choices made on colour, texture and type of materials will have a profound effect on the lit appearance of a space. It seems that too often a shiny surface is specified without full consideration of the potential glare and ugly exposure of the reflected fittings, or someone opts for matt black walls that suck out the light. Collaboration at an early stage would eliminate many unfortunate choices that ultimately do a disservice to the space itself as much as the lighting. There has nevertheless been a significant growth of understanding in this area and designers are infinitely better informed than they used to be, despite the fact

Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk

that lighting still receives insufficient attention on design and architectural

Produced by

Editor

courses. Which is why exercises such as Light School, supported by the ILP, at the Surface Design Show this month (10-12 February) are so vital – an invaluable opportunity to learn from the UK’s top lighting designers.

Jill Entwistle

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com © ILP 2015 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal February 2015

4

News

The BBC TV programme Inside Out has highlighted that more than half of the councils that have opted for switch-off did not carry out formal risk audits beforehand.

According to the BBC report, aired on 12 January, 48 councils in England currently, or have previously, turned off street lights at night. The figures emerged following a Freedom of Information (FOI) request by the BBC. Of the 161 local authorities with street lighting responsibility in England: • Forty-five have, or have in the past, adopted part-night lighting for a large portion of the night • Three other councils have switched off some of their lights at night completely • More than 50 per cent did not carry out a formal risk assessment before switching off lights

Benn makes part-night lighting election issue Hilary Benn, shadow communities and local government secretary, has made switch-off an election issue,

www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandbeds-bucks-herts-30437078

according to another BBC report.

Councils should invest in low-energy lighting rather than turning off street lights, said Benn.

According to Labour Party research, a total of 106 councils are either switching off or dimming

LIA joins forces with retail group to promote LEDs The Lighting Industry Association has been working with the Green Construction Board and British Retail Consortium (BRC) to encourage independent and small-to-medium-sized retailers to switch to LEDs. The Switch the Lights Campaign will be launched in a series of workshops around the country over the next three months. Retailers will hear from industry experts and about best practice case studies, and will also tour shopping centre venues.

Major retailers have embraced LEDs, but the independent sector has been slower to adopt them, says the LIA, and the BRC is concerned that its members are missing out on their energy saving potential. ‘There are specific issues for smaller independent retailers in refurbishing their lighting.

The campaign aims to inform this large sector so they can benefit from the enormous energy saving opportunity,’ said Peter Hunt, LIA COO. http://bcsc-news.org.uk/t/I8E-328MRDCEKR3GB75/cr.aspx

Lighting Journal February 2015

Looking at the past five years, the BBC asked local authorities whether they had opted for part-night lighting, dimmed their lights or turned off some street lights permanently.

More than half of all councils in England now dim lights, discovered the BBC, with nearly 50 turning off street lights at night. Most local authorities are also replacing traditional sources with LEDs. Over the same period, six coroners across England have cited the lack of street lighting as a contributing factor to a death.

The programme went on to examine two road accident deaths in Milton Keynes, and another in Essex, with switch-off implicated in both cases.

Graphics: Ed Lowther for BBC

BBC highlights failure to carry out risk audits on switch-off In the past five years have local authorities switched off some street lights in their areas?

In the past five years have local authorities dimmed street lights in their areas?

some lights, and the numbers have increased sharply since 2010.

The increase was down to the ‘great pressure’ on council budgets and the high cost of electricity, said Benn, adding that Labour would set councils’ budgets further in advance

Environment Agency revises guidance on LED fittings The Environment Agency has revised its previous guidance on the classification of luminaires with non-removable LED light sources.

Rather than being classified as Category 13, along with hazardous light sources such as fluorescent and HID, these luminaires will now be classified with other non-hazardous lighting products in Category 5. Lumicom, the LIA’s producer complicance scheme, has welcomed the announcement.‘

to allow them to plan ahead and install low-energy lighting.

‘Street lights ensure that people are safe on our roads and feel safe walking home, especially at this time of the year when the nights have drawn in,’ he told the BBC.

Since the proposals were initially publicised there has been considerable in-depth consultation within the industry and also with the Environment Agency,’ explained Lumicom’s Simon Cook.

‘The modifications to this classification mean that all LED luminaires can now be consigned to the same waste stream. It will be much easier for people on sites where LED lighting products are being removed to classify the waste correctly in compliance with the WEEE Directive.

‘It will also greatly reduce the volume of waste classified as hazardous, which threatened to significantly increase costs for lighting producers,’ added Cook.

Sign up to CIE conference

Nigel Pollard has called on lighting professionals to get behind the forthcoming 28th Session of the CIE in Manchester.

‘The National Illumination Committee of Great Britain – CIE-UK is proud to have won the bid to host the 28th Session of the CIE, especially in the International Year of Light,’ said Pollard, who is chair of CIE UK. ‘I would urge all lighting professionals to participate.’

The congress will take place on 28 June to 3 July at University Place, a new conference venue within the University of Manchester.

Alongside the scientific programme, the social programme will offer a mix of experiences that will include the conference dinner at Manchester United Football Club. www.cie2015.org

News

5

Pengelly to analyse ILP events programme Scott Pengelly will begin his duties as the new vice president events with a brief to analyse all existing ILP event programmes as part of a strategic review of a key area of the institution’s activities. Pengelly, who is product manager with DW Windsor Lighting, has taken over the role from Alan Jaques, who assumed the role of vice president highways and infrastructure towards the end of last year.

Interviews were held in early December and the interviewing panel’s recommendation was subsequently confirmed by the executive board and past presidents. The following are among the ILP events that will take place during 2015, the International Year of Light: • Lightscene – on the right track: Northampton Saints Rugby Club on 21 May • Circadian Science for Lighting Professionals: lecture by Professor Russell Foster at the Royal Institution, London, on 10 June.

• Professional Lighting Summit: Queens Hotel, Chester on 23-24 September • How to be Brilliant series: ACDC studio, London, held on the last Tuesday of most months.

If members have any suggestions for events, or would like to help in this area, email vp.events@theilp.org.uk

Philips CEO calls for end to lighting poverty

Millions of people are needlessly dying because a fifth of the world’s population does not have access to electric light, said Eric Rondolat, CEO of Philips Lighting (pictured above), speaking at the two-day opening of the International Year of Light in Paris last month.

Rondolat used the launch of IYL to promote LEDs in the developing world.

More than 1.3bn people are trapped in light poverty, he said, and most of those affected resort to kerosene lamps and candles to light their homes and businesses, although these sources claim the lives of 1.5m people annually through respiratory illnesses and fires.

‘Human suffering on this scale is unacceptable in the 21st century,’ said Rondolat.

‘Solar-powered LED lighting can transform rural communities and save millions of lives. I call on politicians to stand together and commit to ending light poverty by 2030.

‘The economic case for taking action is irresistible – light is essential for human prosperity,’ he continued. ‘Lifting 1.3bn people out of light poverty would not only end this stranglehold on economic, social and cultural development, but would also bring a boost to global GDP.’

Solar-powered LEDs were the most costeffective and practical solution in areas where electrical grids are unviable because of the geographic and financial constraints of linking hundreds of remote communities, said Rondolat.

A single solar-powered LED lantern can provide light for a room for a one-off cost of £7-14, compared to the £33 annual fuel bill of running a kerosene lamp, according to Philips.

On a larger scale, LED luminaires and solar panels can be combined to produce sustainable lighting in public places.

These Community Light Centres (CLCs) allow healthcare services and businesses to operate after sunset, as well as encouraging sports and other social activities.

Philips is in the process of installing 100 CLCs across 12 countries in Africa, where some 500m people do not have access to light.

Philips is one of the patrons of IYL.

Discarded computer batteries could provide a cheap lighting solution in poor countries, according to IBM Research India in Bangalore.

Speaking at a conference in San Jose, the researchers said they had found that at least 70 per cent of all discarded batteries have enough life left to power an LED light for at least four hours a day for a year.

While it’s possible to combine LED lights with solar panels and rechargeable batteries, they contend, using discarded batteries could make the approach far cheaper. ‘The most costly component in these systems is often the battery,’ says Vikas Chandan, a research scientist at the lab’s Smarter Energy Group, who led the project.

An estimated 50m lithium-ion laptop batteries are thrown away every year.

It is not considering this as a business, says IBM, but the technology could be offered free to poor countries.

Lighting Journal February 2015

6 News NEWS IN BRIEF The Jonathan Speirs Scholarship Fund has given its 2014 award to Cashel Brown (pictured), a post-graduate student of lighting design at Edinburgh Napier University. Cashel, who has a degree in architecture from the Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (ESALA), University of Edinburgh, was selected from a strong field of candidates drawn from a wide variety of schools of architecture in the UK and US. The £10,000 scholarship will be used to support his continuing education and investigation into the relationship between light and architecture. www.jssf.org.uk The organisers of the 5th LED professional Symposium +Expo (LpS) have opened the call for papers. The LpS 2015 will take place from 22-24 September in Bregenz, Austria. Authors from science and industry have until 20 February to submit their drafts on the subject of Trends and Technologies for Future Lighting Solutions. Detailed information about the submission, together with the form, are available at www.LpS2015.com/call.

Awarding condensation

We all know that water and light is a good thing, but water and electricity not so much. But French designer Arturo Erbsman’s award-winning Atmos lamp cleverly uses the process of water condensation and evaporation to diffuse light.

The Atmos has an aluminium base housing the 4500K LED light source, and a handblown glass bulb that contains an inexhaustible water reserve. When the lamp is switched on, the water starts to evaporate, causing condensation to appear on the inner walls of the bulb with highly effective results. As the micro droplets on the inside of the bulb get bigger, the water drops back down into the reserve.

Winner of a Salone Satellite Award in Milan last year, the lamp is not mass produced, but Erbsman is currently working on a limited product run. He is nothing if not lateral in his thinking and among other concepts has devised a range of somewhat seasonal exterior pendants. Called Polar Light, Snow Catcher and Stalaktos, they need snow and ice to complete their form. www.arturoerbsman.com/atmos.html

Report highlights need to boost engineering education

Engineering employers have the potential to generate an additional £27bn a year for the UK economy from 2022, the equivalent to the cost of building 1800 secondary schools or 110 new hospitals, according to Engineering UK 2015: The State of Engineering, published by Engineering UK. However, warns the report, at all levels of education the UK does not have either the current capacity or the required rate of growth needed to meet the forecast demand for skilled engineers by that year. ‘If the UK is to benefit economically from this, we need to meet the forecast demand for 257,000 new vacancies in engineering enterprises in the same timescale,’ says the report. ‘Achieving this will take persistent and collaborative delivery.’

Failing to meet UK engineering workforce requirements will also have a detrimental effect on individual employees’ prosperity and the economic sustainability of engineering employers, maintains the report. ‘The single biggest threat to success lies with education: to meet demand, we need enough young people to study Stem subjects at schools and colleges. Currently, there are not enough specialist Stem teachers trained to a sufficient level to support this aim.’

For more details of the ILP’s support of Stem, email vp.education@theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal February 2015

Graham Lewis has recently joined Martech UK as director of OEM sales, with a brief to develop the company’s role in LED lighting. With more than 25 years’ experience, Lewis started his career with Osram.

BDP has promoted two members of its London lighting team. Colin Ball (left) has been appointed lighting director. Ball joined BDP in 2011, having previously worked for Speirs and Major and Isometrix. He was recently made membership director of the IALD. Tom Niven (right) has been appointed an associate.

Niven was responsible for BDP’s two lighting design awards in 2014, Trinity Leeds and Edinburgh International Conference Centre.

Lumiere, the UK’s largest outdoor light festival, will be back again in Durham later this year, running from12-15 November 2015.

This will be the fourth time the biennial festival has been held. Since it began in 2009, Lumiere has become a landmark event in the north-east, attracting more than 175,000 visitors in 2013. Created

by Artichoke, one of the UK’s leading arts producers, Lumiere is commissioned by Durham County Council and receives additional support from Arts Council England and a range of sponsors.

Solar Equation by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, which featured in the most recent Lumiere in Durham in 2013. Photo Matthew Andrews

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8 Opinion

LIGHT

Share your experiences, opinions and thoughts

CMS: are its days numbered?

As programmable LED fittings take over from HID, central management systems will perhaps become an expensive and unnecessary luxury, argues Mark Cooper

W

e have had CMS for 10 to 15 years now and it has played a very important role. Its two main rationales were to identify outages and faults with HID lamps and ballasts, for quick repair, and secondly, to enable varied dimming and switching regimes, which could be changed via wireless connections, to save energy.

But today, as we move to reliable, longlife LED street lights, faults and outages will be far less of a problem. At the same time the new generation of LED fittings are easily addressable and reprogrammable. True, modifications may need a trip to the column, to insert a small memory stick into the driver, but generally very few street light dimming/ switching regimes are actually changed after they have been installed.

So will it be cost-efficient to spend upwards of £1-2m on a CMS system, on top of new LED street lighting, when many modern LED street lights offer this much cheaper capability? Perhaps with the increased potential of LEDs, CMS is actually becoming an expensive and unnecessary luxury.

Of course I am not actually saying that CMS will go, just not continue in its current form or in its ‘must-have’ status. The current radio technology will not meet the growing demands of a smart city and after all of these years has still not proven itself as reliable or easy to use as was/is promised.

There is a perception that when updating a large volume of stock to LEDs you should take the opportunity to add CMS and ensure that you can react to changing priorities and energy demands. I would argue that this benefit can be addressed through intelligent drivers. The advantage of reporting faults is minimised when using LEDs (there

Lighting Journal February 2015

shouldn’t be many) and the ability to change dimming regimes from the comfort of your office will cost you a lot of money that could be better invested.

There is an argument that UMSUG codes are archaic and complicated, and that CMS is the key to councils paying for what they actually use rather than relying on an estimate-based system. But let’s not forget that all energy bills, including those developed with a CMS system, are generated from these codes and based on half-hourly tariffs, and despite all the calls for the adoption of CMS to be used as a ‘virtual meter’ it is looking increasing unlikely that this will be accepted.

Again it seems that a large amount of public money could be better used in invest-to-save measures, rather than the possibility of being able to confirm exactly how much money you might have saved if you had been able to use the system as a meter.

Another argument is that the average costs of CMS are now coming down and that reprogramming an LED fitting would counter any economic benefit. But these costings generally don’t include the additional costs of the ‘sub master’ node required for many systems, the centralised hosting costs, the cost for your own server set-up, or the ongoing licence fee for each column (around £5 per unit and GPRS charges for sim cards).

If we look at the typical costs for a borough council with 20,000 units, this will be an initial cost of 20,000 x £55 plus £4000 (base station) per 400 columns (50 units) plus ongoing fees per year of £100,000, together with initial set-up training and commissioning and hosting somewhere in the region of £10,000. Add all this together and we have costs of £1.1m plus £200,000 plus £100,000, which equals £1.4m, and ongoing costs of £100,000 a year.

It’s going to take a lot of visits to every column to wipe out this economic argument and it is very, very unlikely that each lantern would need to be reprogrammed.

A related argument to the need to revisit columns is that complex calendar settings are not yet available for LED drivers. Intelligent drivers are able to offer six stages of dimming and varying times for each night of operation, and future software developments will lead to

more flexibility (see the point above regarding the economic argument, which assumes that you need to be adjusting column dimming times to every column every year). Constant light output drivers also offer the same facility as a CMS to control light levels to avoid overlighting due to the maintenance factor.

CMS has also been promoted as offering a whole new range of possibilities – from light on demand for cycle-ways and dynamic lighting linked to traffic flow, to interfacing with weather forecasts to light for particular conditions. And of course, there’s the role it can play in controlling energy use at specific times, part of the smart cities agenda.

However, there are very few authorities that are likely to adopt dynamic on demand dimming/lighting levels as it’s just too much of a risk at present. Additionally, this technology can and is being achieved through the use of other detectors being deployed within lanterns without the use of CMS. There are currently no UK CMS systems that have deployed this technology. It has always been stated that these features can be achieved, but this has not yet materialised.

I think that smart cities are the potential answer to ongoing energy demands and we need to think outside of the street lighting market. However, this can be achieved with much simpler, cheaper detection devices.

I also do not believe that the current radio technology being employed in CMS will provide enough speed, reliability or bandwidth to meet the challenges of a smart city.

I actually believe that the requirements for CMS systems are in the minority. They make perfect sense for remote shopping centres, railway stations, road networks that must react to a high degree of changes to calendar events (such as the TfL network), but these are the exceptions and maybe these are the limited numbers where CMS makes sense.

However, most road networks do not have these demands for changes and nonroutine maintenance. The savings that can be made through the targeted deployment of CMS would allow for more invest-to-save systems to be rolled out.

Mark Cooper is national sales manager (public realm) for iGuzzini Lighting

Opinion 9

A bright future?

Industry experts argue that not only will CMS survive but that it is essential to the future smart city

Keith Henry, business development manager at Telensa Extra investment in CMS must pay for itself over time. It offers trimming, dimming, more intelligent maintenance, which all adds up…and the thing is many authorities aren’t going over to LEDs. For example, CMS is being used effectively with low pressure sodium in Essex, and many legacy PFIs, such as Cambridge or Northamptonshire, are using it with HID. There’s a future for both stand-alone LEDs and CMS, depending on the situation.

John Fox, managing director of Lucy Zodion Yes, the market has been transfixed by LEDs and they do certainly allow more energy-saving applications, but it is simply Luddite to argue that CMS won’t be part of the same equation. Everything is moving towards internet operation and Mark doesn’t recognise the real potential of connectivity, which could offer even more savings.

CMS will inevitably drop in price – their costs have already halved during my time in the business. In most cases, variable dimming LED ballasts will always be programmed conservatively when installed, that is simply the way of things, and there will often be a requirement to revisit the column, to reduce, say, a 70 per cent night-time dimmed level to 60 per cent or something like that. Any revisit to the column to reprogramme an LED luminaire could cost £50-60, which would completely undermine the cost benefits. CMS doesn’t need those visits.

Allan Howard, technical director (lighting) at WSP Energy and carbon consumption is a big concern and we need to consider how this is managed in the future – at the moment energy procurement for public lighting is still stuck in the 19th century, with PECU arrays, Elexon codes and all that estimated consumption. We need to move into the 21st century and accurately meter our precise energy use, with improved systems, so that councils pay for exactly what they use. This is where central management systems will come into their own, so nothing is estimated. Certainly, at that point, fault identification and adaptive lighting control will become a secondary benefit of CMS.

Steve Austin, commercial manager outdoor lighting controls, Philips WRTL ‘CMS offers a whole new range of possibilities – the UK government is asking cities to become smart cities to control energy use at specific times and CMS has a key role to play in this. For example, it makes possible lighting on demand for cycle-ways, dynamic lighting linked to traffic flow and dimming according to real-time data. You even have the possibility of interfacing lighting with weather forecasts to light for snow, where you need less light, or fog, where less light reduces reflection and refraction. LEDs alone can’t do any of that.

We are only just starting to push the envelope of what is possible, CMS allows us to start to think creatively. Recently, for example, Dundee Council asked us to put CMS nodes on bus-shelters, so that bus-shelter lights could be switched or dimmed when the buses aren’t running. CMS enables fresh thinking all the time.

John McDonnell, managing director, Harvard Engineering I can see the logic of what Mark is saying, and there are a minority of authorities and situations where it may be appropriate, but I don’t think he has fully thought it through. The first obvious thing is the issue of overlighting due to the maintenance factor – CMS can control the lux levels over time to compensate for this, and save energy. And then there is the issue of peak demand management. When DNOs get their act together, they will start charging higher tariffs for peak period lighting, when they say energy is more expensive. CMS is the only system that can be used to manage lighting to dip below peak demand thresholds and avoid those extra charges.

Tomorrow’s world is all about connectivity, and CMS is an important tool for achieving that. The concept of the smart city is already very popular in the USA, and in the UK we really need councils to tell us what they want from their smart cities.

But there are already some good examples – TfL, in London, for example, is using CMS to facilitate this in the most advanced manner. It is already using traffic-flow data to control street lighting using CMS and it is very keen on the integration of all its assets – security systems, traffic controls, lighting and so on. Other cities will follow. Without CMS that will be impossible.

Lighting Journal February 2015

10

Light and surfaces

MATERIAL EFFECT relationship between light and materials, and particularly crucial in areas such as fashion and food retailing.

The surfaces specified are Another important factor is the level of absorption or reflection of light that is crucial to the lit appearance of characteristic of any given material. At one end of the scale the most reflective any scheme. Kevin Theobald material is a mirror, while the most absorbent would be black velvet. The explains the basic principles former will always appear lighter than the latter even though they may be lit to the same level of illuminance. he relationship between The other principal factor is the light, colour and materials is nature of the finish: a specular material fundamental to any design will reflect light in one direction, whereas project. If colour and light are not a diffuse surface will spread the light, considered as central design factors, resulting in a less bright appearance. lighting is in danger of being reduced What there is no escaping is that to a purely technical process. dark finishes are always dark. There Lighting designers always factor in is no point in an architect or interior finishes, colour and texture of materials designer using deep brown or black into their scheme but, unfortunately, a finishes throughout a scheme and recurrent problem they encounter is that expecting the application of artificial the actual finishes are not decided on light to make the space appear lighter. early enough in the design process. This Colour constancy also plays an means that the correct type of lighting important role. If you have a black wall may not have been specified, surfaces next to a light-coloured wall, no matter are literally not seen in their best light how much light you apply to the black and making the necessary changes wall the eye will still register the light means added time and costs. wall as being more brightly lit. This While not wanting to get too can sometimes work to the designer’s embroiled in the physics of light, it is advantage, of course, where the essential to have a basic understanding relationship between adjacent finishes of how light and colour work together allows an object to be featured, as in before any design process can start. a retail environment.

Why, for instance, does a red apple The texture of a material and the appear red? Because it reflects only position of the light source are also light from the red portion of the spectrum important considerations. A close offset and absorbs all other wavelengths. It source will emphasise any modulation is also worth noting that if you light the in a material, whereas a source from a red apple with red light it will appear distant low angle will result in a flattening more vibrant and if you light it in green it of the surface. This knowledge can will appear grey. This may seem a little be used either to enhance a textured simplistic but it is fundamental to the surface or to reduce its impact.

T

Lighting Journal February 2015

Light itself is also a variable. There are, as we know, a large variety of colours in a light which appears white.

Direct sunlight at midday contains all colours in relatively equal amounts, making it an almost perfectly balanced white light. At other times of the day colour shifts occur and the appearance of coloured sources can vary immensely.

There are two important measures of light quality: colour temperature and colour rendering index (CRI) [see box p12]. These two features are distinctly different and are often confused, but are both important in determining how light will work with a specific finish. Although not perfect, CRI and colour temperature information combined can provide helpful information as to how a surface will appear when lit.

On a marginally less scientific note, while a whiter light composed of equal amounts of all colours makes colour surfaces appear most natural, the human eye responds particularly well to the primary colours of light (red, green and blue). Even if little energy is being produced in other parts of the spectrum, the visual appearance of a surface can appear natural when lit in just the primary colours.

Which brings us neatly to light sources themselves. Incandescent lamps, including tungsten halogen, produce an even curve through the visible spectrum and have a CRI of 100.

This makes them particularly effective where colour processes are involved or where the actual colour of a material is important. However, as we all know, GLS lamps have been phased out and low voltage tungsten halogen is being incrementally removed from the market, though there are question marks over the exact timetable.

LightUrban and surfaces lighting 11 source with phosphors added to alter the appearance of the light. This means that their spectral curve tends to be very spiky with some colours not being contained at all, which can lead to an unnatural appearance of some colour surfaces. Unfortunately the metric for colour rendering (CRI) can be misleading when applied to non-full spectrum sources and the only real way to see if the light renders a given colour well is to physically trial it.

Returning to finishes themselves, I want to touch on one material which is popular with architects and interior

designers but which gives the biggest headache to lighting designers – glass.

It is nigh on impossible to light a glass surface and one favoured incarnation, back-painted glass, is no exception. In its untreated state it reflects the light sources as well as the light and if it is frosted it absorbs so much light that it appears unlit. Still, everyone likes a challenge.

ambient brightness while preventing the sensation of glare, which meant avoiding the reflection of focused light, used for accent illumination of features and objects, in the mirrored surfaces.

‘All downlights and uplights were carefully located and aimed to ensure that the surfaces they illuminated would appear reflected in the mirror without sight of the light source itself. In addition the specified downlights and uplights all had deeply recessed lamps, further helping to minimise viewing angles of the sources. Together this

ensured that the scheme allowed the rich material finishes specified by the interior designer to be revealed, while minimising potential visual distraction from the lighting equipment itself.

‘The presence of highly reflective surfaces is always problematic. Rather than diffusely reflecting the light and revealing the surface material and texture, they act as a mirror reflecting an image of what they “see”. For this reason we generally avoid directly lighting high-gloss, mirrored and highly polished surfaces.’

This is an edited version of an article that first appeared in an issue of FX magazine. Kevin Theobald is a director of GIA Equation Photography: Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group

The latest linear fluorescent lamps also have good colour rendering with a CRI in excess of 90, but most compact fluorescent or so called ‘energy saving’ lamps fare less well, although for everyday applications colours appear to be natural enough to the eye.

LEDs, of course, are now the source du jour, but they still have problems when it comes to good rendering of natural colours. However, this is radically improving as manufacturers work hard to create more parity with halogen. Most white LEDs are produced using an almost monochromatic blue

On REFLECTION Project: Mandarin Oriental Hotel du Rhône, Geneva Lighting design: Iain Carlile, associate, DPA Lighting Consultants ‘The central feature within the lobby of the Mandarin Oriental Hotel du Rhône is a large, curved mirrored ceiling, which reflects the activities of the surrounding public spaces, including the reception, lift lobby, bar lounge and restaurant in its surface,’ writes Iain Carlile. ‘The lighting challenge involved ensuring that the space had sufficient

Lighting Journal February 2015

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Light and surfaces

THE DESIGNER’S GUIDE TO COLOUR TEMPERATURE AND CRI Colour temperature is the appearance of a light source given a numerical measurement. The measurement is based on the predictable shift of colour of an object when heated. The system is based on the colour changes of a theoretical ‘blackbody radiator’ (imagine a poker heated in a furnace) as it is heated from cold black to white hot. As the object is heated its appearance moves through red, to orange to white. The colour temperature of the light source is given in Kelvin, equating to the temperature the object would need to be to match the apparent light colour.

People often refer to warm or cool light. Light in the blue spectrum is considered cool while red is perceived as hot. This perception is psychological but can be used by designers to help create a particular mood with light.

The colour rendering index (CRI) is a system derived

MATERIALS THAT WORK WELL WITH LIGHT • • • • • •

Shuttered concrete Granite Honed marble Metal mesh Crushed velvet Aerated water

from visual experiments. It assesses the impact of different light sources on the perceived colour of objects and surfaces. First the colour temperature of the source is noted, then the lit appearance of eight sample colours is measured against a black body of the same temperature.

If no change in appearance of the samples occurs, the light source is given a CRI of 100 (tungsten halogen, for example). The CRI decreases as the change in colour appearance of the samples increases. A CRI of 80 or above is normally accepted as indicating that the source has good colour properties.

However, while a high CRI would suggest good colour rendering, as the measure is taken as an average of the sample colour, there is no guarantee that a particular colour will appear natural.

MATERIALS THAT ARE PROBLEMATIC • • • • • •

Glass Polished stainless steel Polished marble Painted MDF/plasterboard Polished dark wood Still water

Reflectance This is defined as the proportion of light that a surface reflects compared to the amount of light that falls on that surface. Dark, matt and/or textured surfaces absorb a lot of light and have low reflectance values. Light, glossy and/or smooth surfaces reflect most of the light that falls on them and have high reflectance values.

The reflectance value of an individual colour indicates the amount of light and heat which that individual colour will reflect. Black has a reflectance value of zero and absorbs all light and heat. Surfaces low in reflectance value are generally very dark and can get very hot (black leather seats in a car, for example). On the other hand, white has a reflectance value of nearly 100 and keeps a building light and cool.

All colours fit between these two extremes. A colour with a reflectance value of 60 (which means it reflects 60 per cent of the light that falls on it) will reflect more light than a colour with a reflectance value of 30 (which means it reflects 30 per cent of the light that falls on it).

Lighting Journal February 2015

Light and surfaces

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There is a wide range of materials that exploit the properties of light, either though reflectance, translucence or actually incorporating light sources in their structure. Light fittings can also use the characteristics of particular materials to great effect.

Luminoso On view at the Surface Design Show on the James Latham stand (304, 208, 206), Luminoso wooden panels incorporate fibre optics that allow both natural and artificial light to be transmitted. As well as purely decorative patterning they can be used for logos, customised designs and images. In the unlit state the panel appears as a solid piece of wood. The fibre optics are embedded between layers of wood with high-strength adhesives. Available in oak, cherry maple, walnut and sapele, among other types of wood, it can be finished with lacquer, oil or stain and also milled, cut and sanded like any conventional panel.

Sizes are 3000mm x 500mm, 3000mm x 1000mm and 3000mm x 1250mm, with thicknesses of 6mm to 20mm available in 2mm increments. www.lathamtimber.co.uk

Radiant Waterlight The Radiant Waterlight is a custom luminaire developed by Radiant Architectural Lighting (Stand LS440) in collaboration with Stockholm lighting designer Ljusarkitektur for the Landmärket residential tower. The fittings are wall mounted and illuminate the underside of the balconies. The light from four LEDs – each with a different colour temperature ranging from 4000K to 5000K – passes through a rippled glass and on to the ceiling above to create the effect of light reflecting off gently moving water. Each luminaire is controlled by an integral four-channel DMX driver to create the undulating sequence, and was produced in IP20 and IP65-rated versions for use in both interior and exterior locations. www.radiantlights.co.uk

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES AREA SALES MANAGER SCOTLAND SALES OFFICE CO-ORDINATOR HERTS Area Sales Manager –Scotland CU Phosco Lighting has an opportunity for a highly motivated individual to join our external sales team.

Managing the country of Scotland candidates should be proficient in sales, exterior lighting and have an understanding of LED technology. Package is negotiable on individual merit. Please send your application and current CV to Hayley Whittaker, National Sales Manager h.whittaker@cuphosco.co.uk.

Sales Office Co-Ordinator - Ware, Hertfordshire Due to continued expansion we have a position available in our sales office. Candidates should have an understanding of Microsoft Office, good tele communication skills and be able to work as part of a team. Package negotiable on individual merit.

Please send your application and current CV to Greta O’Sullivan, Sales Office Manager, g.osullivan@cuphosco.co.uk

Closing date for applications: 28th February 2015

Tel:01920 860600 www.cuphosco.com

Lighting Journal February 2015

14

Climate change

CLIMATE of OPINION All those involved in lighting are engaged in the drive to cut energy use to meet carbon targets. But what if the climate change premise is not as clear cut as it is made out to be? asks Dave Burton

H

ardly a day goes by without news of how the activities of mankind are altering the planet. It’s a subject that has become emotive, with fact and myth being exploited by those on both sides of the debate. How can we pick our way through the subject matter to understand the risks and what can be done about them?

Let me start by making it clear that I am neither a ‘denier’ nor a ‘sceptic’.

Engineers, of which I am one, are applied scientists. In order to do our work effectively we need the trust of the public at large and the fact is that people have lost their faith in science because of what they are being told versus what they perceive.

Lighting Journal February 2015

Politicians, who are not the smartest people at the best of times, invariably rely for their decision-making process on advisors who themselves rarely have any sound knowledge of or competence in the subject.

The media has made great play of the whole thing, and irrespective of the facts will never be truly impartial if it gets in the way of a good story. When you look into what climate scientists are actually saying as opposed to what is being reported, the position is not quite as it may appear.

There are plenty of facts out there, and I could have listed endless references, but the problem is that for every argument – on whichever side of the fence – there is an apparently equally justifiable counter-argument. I seek to be objective and in the following have avoided quoting specific sources as far as I can.

As Chris Rapley, professor of climate science at UCL says (reported in the Evening Standard 14 November 2014): ‘There is so much disinformation and misinformation and misunderstanding and oversimplification on the subject, I think it is difficult for people to hold an authoritative, informed and sensible discussion about what should or shouldn’t be done.’ Let’s consider some issues.

“

Let me start by making it clear that I am neither a ‘denier’ nor a ‘sceptic’

THE CLIMATE IS CHANGING Er, yes. Change is what climate does.

While it would be crass to suggest that mankind is not having an impact on the planet, the climate has been changing for billions of years without any intervention from homo sapiens and will continue to do so. What has happened to the Earth’s climate over the past 200 or so years is due as much to this ongoing process of change as to anything we’re doing to interfere with the balance. That doesn’t mean we should be complacent.

Deforestation in the Amazon basin has lowered temperatures in that area, just as industrial activity in NW Europe and the USA has raised temperatures locally. Anthropological effects work both ways. Imagining that we can do anything short term to effect real change, let alone reverse apparent

Climate change effects, is like King Canute telling the tide to stop. A million years is a blink in the eye compared to the history of the Earth’s climate – setting targets based on timescales of just a couple of human lifetimes is futile.

Rather than wasting our efforts worrying about how we can influence our climate, mankind should be concentrating on how to deal with the inevitable changes, specifically extreme weather events. This is something we can control, although it will take a lot of money. Some of that could easily be made available by redirecting the misplaced subsidies currently being given to dubious ‘renewable’ energy projects. If the latter are to be truly sustainable, they must make economic sense without the need for funding derived from contrived taxation. The only good news story here is that at least we now have a body of effort looking at the various possible future climate scenarios.

CO2 LEVELS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR RAISING ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES Well this is actually open to question.

I don’t know if health and safety rules still allow it, but when I was at school, science lessons included practical experiments. The first practical I recall taught me two things. First, the accuracy of your measuring equipment can never be greater than its resolution, quite important when you want to use measured data for extrapolation. The second thing I learned was how to draw a graph, and how to determine which set of data represented the independent variable (the x-axis or abscissa).

Studies around the amount of carbon in the atmosphere over the life of our planet actually suggest that temperature is the independent variable.

So, rather than CO2 levels changing global temperatures, the reverse is most likely the true position. This presents a dilemma: if our activities are warming the planet other than just by the burning of fossil fuels, are ‘renewable’ energy sources the answer?

Our insatiable desire for electricity is a major factor in the amount of heat released at the Earth’s surface. Every single watt of electricity ends up as heat somewhere, irrespective of how you generate it – wind, PV, nuclear or fossil fuel. That’s the rub – no matter how carefully we pull the cork, the genie still gets out of the bottle. The lighting scheme you think is efficient using 120lm/W LEDs still converts 100 per cent of the electricity into heat, it’s

just that a more useful proportion of the energy is emitted as light along the way.

The most environmentally friendly light fixture is one that’s turned off and yet our construction rules are still weighted toward installed load, not actual usage.

The aspect of greater concern here is that denying the developing world access to the infinite busbar power grids we take for granted in the west is plainly unacceptable. Western industrial nations cannot turn to the developing world and say ‘sorry guys, you’ll have to put your lives on hold for a couple of hundred years because we’ve screwed up the planet’. The global community has to come to terms with reining in its electrical neck.

Of course, there is no doubt that CO2 is a greenhouse gas, and that it reduces our planet’s ability to reject heat into space. But maybe that’s not such a bad thing at a time when solar activity is reaching a low point in its cycle, resulting in less solar energy reaching the earth.

The very high levels of atmospheric carbon which existed millions of years ago can only have been reduced to human-era levels by subsequent natural changes in the climate, dictated by external forces. And by the way, long before CO2 emission targets can be met, oil and gas reserves will have dwindled to the point where extracting what’s left will be so costly we won’t have any desire to simply burn the stuff.

THE DATA This is an area which generates much confusion. While there is a vast amount of real climate data available, this only covers a small period of recent history, around 200 years. Some data from earlier phases in the Earth’s history can be gleaned from analysis of geological samples and other exotic methods, but the granularity of such data is so varied that it is high-risk when applied to the establishing of trends.

For the sake of argument, let’s accept that the Earth’s atmosphere is around 3bn years old. To put things in perspective, if the history of our climate began at 00:00:01 on New Year’s Day 1900, the time we started recording data would be 23:59:59 on 31 December 2000. So, what we have, even taking the most optimistic bias, is not what a traditional scientist would call statistically significant.

In order to attempt to give some value to what data we do have, a small army of specialists, many of them scientists, have been working hard over the past three decades. It is

15

the misrepresentation of the valuable work these people are doing that gives me the greatest cause for concern.

For the most part, climate specialists understand the quality of the data they have and how to use it. Whatever the subject area, manipulation of data is essential in order to glean an understanding of what it means, the underlying trends and what, if any, extrapolation may be valid. Those who understand statistical analysis are doing this all the time.

However, when a respected source such as the UK Meteorological Office publishes temperature data ‘adjusted to take account of changes in global temperatures’, this sends out the wrong message. It leads to the populous becoming suspicious of what they’re being told, particularly when observed data is at variance with published information. Recorded climate data, for all that it is an immature picture, is nonetheless immensely complex and cannot be rendered down to simplistic sound bites without serious loss of fidelity.

Even with sophisticated measurement equipment, the raw data has to be approached with caution.

Almost 10 years ago my company embarked on a major programme to measure temperatures at around 200 locations across central London over a five-year period. In order to have a control measure, we established a weather station, and placed datalogging sensors at a dozen sites to monitor ambient conditions. The data yielded was interesting. While there was broad correlation with published Met Office data, there was significant variation across the capital. Although this localised ‘heat island’ effect is acknowledged by the scientific community, how to feed the information into the general pool of thermal data is an issue fraught with statistical risk.

This brings me back to the subject of graphs. As part of the above project we had access to some quite powerful graph-plotting software.

This allowed rescaling at the click of a mouse and it was a terrific insight into how sensitive climate data is to graphical representation.

Put simply, because variations are relatively small in terms of our measuring scale (degrees Kelvin), a snapshot when scaled inappropriately can suggest a radically different trend from a longer term view with a different scale. If you want to see the effect for yourself, look at graphs of atmospheric carbon dioxide first over the past 60m

Lighting Journal February 2015

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Climate changes

years, and second over the past 1000 years, then take a view.

Lastly on the issue of data, we need to understand what the numbers mean in terms of how temperatures and CO2 levels might change in the future. Again, quite rightly, the scientific community has been called on to give a view as to the direction things may take, and the response is broadly that an increase in global temperatures is possible – some would say likely. This position too is far from simple.

Extrapolated data, with sensitivity analysis and set limits gives us a number of possible scenarios, from things staying broadly as they are to dramatic increases. Some extrapolated data sets even indicate short-term cooling; the answer you get is highly dependent on the manner in which the data is interpreted and presented.

While the experts cautiously refer to their calculation of future climate trends as ‘projections’, the media, apparently without any real understanding of the difference, cites these as ‘predictions’.

In summary, there is no certainty of any of the positions so far put forward, and we need to vary our response according to the way our knowledge and understanding of climatic systems develops.

WE CAN FIX IT, CAN’T WE? Let’s be clear, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels is a good thing and the side effect of reducing CO2 emissions can’t do any harm. But the amount by which we are able, realistically, to slow the present rate of growth of atmospheric CO2 is somewhat lower than the rate at which it is rising. Over the past five years, a new coal-fired

Lighting Journal February 2015

power station has come online roughly once every two weeks in India and China, each one cancelling out the meagre reduction in emissions the west has been able to manage. Depending on which estimate is correct, and the amount of CO2 likely to be liberated from permafrost and the oceans, if the entire world stopped burning fossil fuels today atmospheric carbon would continue to rise for the coming 30-50 years. Makes you think, doesn’t it?

Focusing on CO2 is a serious distraction which has led to some bizarre unintended consequences.

For example, the previous incarnation of Building Regulations Part L (Conservation of Fuel and Power) was so driven by CO2 targets that it actually resulted in less efficient building installations than earlier versions.

And what about hydrogen-powered vehicles? Yes, hydrogen is not a fossil fuel and it’s abundant in our oceans.

But extracting it from water requires electrolysis which consumes an enormous amount of – you’ve guessed it – electricity. How on earth this can be considered zero-carbon is quite beyond me, particularly when much of that electricity will have been generated using fossil fuels.

In summary, while there are many things we should be doing to limit the damage we’re doing to the planet, present measures to limit CO2 emissions are simply a drop in the ocean when it comes to influencing the climate.

THINGS WE SHOULD BE DOING ‘Insanity can be defined as doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results’ (often

attributed to Albert Einstein, although there’s no evidence he actually said it).

We need to get a grip on our consumption of electricity. Even if someone invents viable nuclear fusion, it’s not a free ride, we still end up with the heat.

We need to stop building on flood plains. This is total insanity, pursued by governments the world over in submission to pressure from property developers. When it goes wrong, the taxpayer picks up the bill. How can that be right?

We need to look at our everchanging environment and determine how best to mitigate the effects of extreme weather events. Flash floods, hurricanes, forest fires, droughts – all of these present real dangers to our survival, let alone our everyday lives, and if we shift our focus away from what we can’t fix, lives can be saved and our children can have a more secure future.

We need to take a long, hard dispassionate look at climate data and how we use it. There can be no doubt that somewhere in the billions of data we have accumulated on the subject, something incredibly useful is lurking.

We just need to find it.

We need to continue to develop new technologies that enhance life for all mankind, without compromising our future. Sure, wind turbines are offensive if they’re in your backyard and they are no big shakes in terms of stable energy sources, but if we don’t develop new stuff like that we may as well give up the will to survive.

SUMMARY The above discussion is not intended to either endorse or denounce any of the theories and postulations currently circulating on the subject of anthropological climate influences. What I am seeking to do is alert readers to the fact that the general public is being targeted with selective information. By and large, this discredits science.

Much is made of the ‘consensus view’. Broad agreement on something within the scientific community is a kind of intellectual Grand Jury, but using the common law principle of ‘balance of probabilities’ rather than the criminal law concept of ‘beyond all reasonable doubt’. There have many examples over the past few centuries where a scientific consensus has been toppled by hard facts proven by a single dissenter. Rubbishing the arguments from one side or the other is at best unhelpful, and at worst could be mankind’s undoing.

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18

Guides

SIGNS of the TIMES Peter Raynham summarises the major changes in the newly updated PLG05 on illuminated advertisements

F

or a long time Technical Report No 5: Brightness of Illuminated Advertisements has been the standard reference for people working with illuminated signs other than traffic signs.

The most recent edition of the report was issued in 2001, but since then there have been a number of developments including changes in the planning regulations and the development of media screens and facades.

The new, renamed Public Lighting Guide 05 has been written to cover these topics and, as well as these main changes, all sections of the document have been rewritten and updated.

The planning regulations that control advertisements were significantly changed in England in 2007 with the Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) Regulations.

These new regulations introduced a new set of definitions for advertisements as well as new luminance limits.

The new PLG05 reviews the English regulations in some detail, however the situation is complicated by the fact that all territories have their own regulations.

Lighting Journal February 2015

In many cases this is similar to the regulations in England but PLG05 also mentions the rules in Scotland, the Republic of Ireland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Jersey, Isle of Man and Guernsey.

The advent of media screens and facades has given sign makers the ability to create signs that can display changing images as well as video material. Moreover these signs are selfluminous and need to be able to achieve high luminance levels to ensure that they are visible during daytime.

The new guide looks at these issues and makes recommendations to control the use of video and rapid image changing where they could cause a hazard, for example, near moving traffic.

It also now limits the daytime luminance of the signs (5000cd/ sqm). As the luminance of a media screen changes depending on what is being displayed there is now a recommendation that screens are set to give white light before they are measured, in other words loading a white image on to the screen.

The new guide recommends limits

for the luminance of signs; the values in most cases have been reduced to bring them in line with the 2007 Regulations in England. There is also a recommendation that in the new E0 Zone that there should not be any illuminated signs. The procedure for measuring luminance has been updated and now contains recommendations for number and location of points to be measured based on the formula used in a number of European Lighting Standards.

SUMMARY To sum up, the recently published PLG 05 provides up-to-date guidance on issues related to planning, testing and maintenance of illuminance advertisements. It makes recommendations on the maximum luminance of signs and on the application of media signs, and gives guidance on how luminance should be measured. It is thus a musthave document for anyone who is responsible for any aspect of work with illuminated advertisements.

NOW AVAILABLE! PLG05 The Brightness of Illuminated Advertisements PLG05 provides guidance for all people involved with exterior illuminated advertisements. The guide replaces the old TR5 and it has been updated to reflect changes in technology, the legal framework and lighting practice. In particular the document now discusses the application of media screens and facades.

PLG05 provides clear guidance on the planning, assessment and maintenance of all forms of illuminated advertisements.

It is a must have document for planners and lighting specialists who work in the area.

YOU CAN PURCHASE PLG05 THROUGH THE FOLLOWING METHODS: • Post the order form below to: Institution of Lighting Professionals, Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby, CV21 2PN • Our website: www.theilp.org.uk/resources • Scan and email the order form below to: diane@theilp.org.uk

ORDER FORM: PLG05

£35 £60 PLEASE FOLLOW THE PURCHASE INSTRUCTIONS AS SHOWN ABOVE.

Name:

Membership no (if applicable):

Billing address (including postcode):

Purchase order no (if applicable): Debit/Credit card payment details

Delivery address (if different from billing):

Card type: Visa / Mastercard Card number: Full name on card:

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20

Energy efficiency

GLOWING through the ROOF Saving energy means looking at the whole picture not just retrofitting.

One company is putting together a package of natural light, solar power and electric light for a one-stop shop solution

K

ingspan Insulated Panels has put together a bespoke energy efficiency solution that combines existing technologies: a polycarbonate rooflight, LED lighting with smart dimming controls and photovoltaic technology.

Its ZerO Energy Lighting solution blends several of the company’s proprietary products. The Day-Lite Trapezoidal polycarbonate rooflights allow 65 per cent natural light transmission when new, according to Kingspan. This can then be supplemented with artificial light from its newly released dimmable Smart-Lite LED high bay, linear and recessed luminaires.

The final part of the solution involves the installation of the company’s Energy Rooftop Solar PV. This generates more than enough electricity to cover the residual lighting energy demand, so the surplus can either be used to reduce other electricity costs for the building, or sold back to the National Grid.

Each of the systems is tailored to the space using virtual environment modelling, taking into account parameters such as location, orientation, work activities and environment, and including the path of the sun throughout the year and typical historical weather data.

The LED lighting system is then designed to augment the natural daylight and optimise the lighting energy demand. The residual lighting energy demand is then calculated and the solar PV array designed accordingly.

Kingspan has installed the system at its own 32,000sqm warehouse in Selby, Yorkshire (pictured right), an exercise that involved replacing the roof.

Around seven per cent of the roof was covered in the polycarbonate rooflights, the optimum balance to allow daylight ingress without compromising on thermal performance.

Lighting energy use has been cut by

Lighting Journal February 2015

91 per cent, according to the company.

The building has now achieved an EPC grade A, and has also gained a BREEAM rating of Very Good. The savings generated are expected to pay for the installation of the system in just over three years. Over the lifetime of the building, the cumulative lighting cost saving is predicted to be almost £2m.

‘For every project that we undertake, we aim to deliver a return on investment of under three years based entirely on capital cost versus energy and maintenance cost,’ according to Jonathan Dore, commercial director of Kingspan’s fabrications, safety and lighting solutions division.

‘We can also help future-proof building owners against upcoming changes to legislation. From 2018 it will be mandatory for all buildings with an F or G EPC rating to be upgraded to a minimum of E. The ZerO Energy Lighting solution alone will improve a typical G grade building to a D grade, with the same return on investment of under three years.’ www.kingspanpanels.co.uk

Smart-Lite high bay

Smart-Lite linear

Energy efficiency

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The expert’s verdict Arfon Davies, associate director lighting, Arup: What they offer is a kit of parts that can be assembled together to provide a complete low carbon/energy solution. All the parts are not new: PVs are obviously well established, as are polycarbonate skylights, LED high bay fittings and smart controls. It’s the sort of system we have designed for clients in the past, admittedly using elements from various manufacturers. So, what they offer is a one-stop shop solution for clients.

That said, it’s good that they are pushing forward the use of daylight, and offering clients a simple way to improve energy efficiency and potentially make money. For industrial applications this approach has a place; other types of project need a design approach that is responsive to the project context, to climate in particular, as well as the aesthetic design aspirations – in other words not just using a diffuse skylight.

To coincide with the launch, Kingspan has released a report quantifying the potential electricity cost savings to businesses in the UK. According to the company, adopting improved lighting systems alone results in a potential annual electricity cost saving for businesses of £3.7bn. The average business lighting electricity cost would fall from £25,583 to £3837, it claims. The report only calculates the impact of improved lighting and controls, and does not include the additional impact of the rooftop solar PV element.

Looking at specific sectors, the report finds that lighting makes up 43 per cent of total electricity consumption in warehousing compared with 22.6 per cent for businesses as a whole. The warehouse sector could save £430m in annual electricity lighting bills, while the retail sector could save £1.21bn, says the report.

Lighting Journal February 2015

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LEDs

DRIVING RANGE

Are you underrunning your LEDs? With the latest versions, higher currents mean more lumens, explains Alan Grant, design and development director of DW Windsor

T

he past few years have seen major advances in the performance of LED light sources, including improved lumen output, efficacy, longevity and, importantly, the ability of the latest LEDs to operate efficiently at high drive currents.

Recent lumen output increases have been nothing short of spectacular. LED luminaires are now able to compete with and provide sufficient light for applications that were only, until very recently, capable of being generated by high-wattage lamps. To some extent this is, of course, because LEDs are scalable in application, but the main reason is the increase in lumen output attributed in part to increased operating current.

In the early days of 1W LEDs, 350mA was very often the default drive current used. This was broadly the peak of the linear relationship between current and lumen output. Above 350mA, the lumen output would increase

Relative luminous flux (%)

Performance potential

Forward current (mA) Present and future designs

Lighting Journal February 2015

little, even at significantly increased current, what is known as the ‘droop’ characteristic. At the time, all LED manufacturers used 350mA as a binning current and all data was quoted at 350mA. Today’s high-powered LEDs are designed to run at drive currents well in excess of 350mA, and the relationship between lumen output and drive current is almost linear above this; running some modern LEDs at 350mA will use only 23 per cent of their capacity.

Consequently, driving modern LEDs at higher currents (for example, 1000mA) provides an opportunity to make full use of the available capacity of the light source, thereby providing more cost-effective lighting.

There are many examples to support the use of high drive currents: the Luxeon Tx is designed to run at a maximum of 1.2A, the Cree XP-G2 at 1.5mA and the Cree XM-L2 at a whopping 3.0mA. Data for the Luxeon Tx shows a near linear relationship between forward current and relative light output, illustrating the point (see graph above right).

To operate contemporary LEDs at a drive current as low as 350mA could be compared, to use an automotive analogy, to owning a car with a sixspeed gearbox and only ever driving it in second gear.

There is a huge reserve of unused available light within the LED and luminaire that could be exploited.

In practical terms it’s not just a case of fitting a different driver to the circuit in an existing fitting to operate the

LEDs

Typical relative light output vs forward current for L112-xxyy000000000 (white), junction temperature = 85C

23

“

Relative light output [-]

Driving modern LEDs at higher currents provides an opportunity to make full use of the available capacity of the source, providing more cost-effective lighting

Forward current (mA) Luxeon Tx: a near linear relationship between forward current and relative light output LEDs at, for example, 700mA when they were designed to operate at only 350mA, and expecting to see a significant increase in lumen output without any consequences.

This, again using the car analogy, is like replacing a two-litre, four-cylinder engine with a 3.5 litre V8 without making changes to the tyres, brakes and suspension. It might sound like a solution to getting more power, but without full consideration of all aspects of the luminaire design, it will undoubtedly end in failure.

THERMAL MANAGEMENT The key to operating LEDs at high current is migrating the heat generated by the LED away from it. Effective thermal management is therefore a core component in the design of almost any luminaire but it is absolutely vital where multiple mid-to-high-power LEDs are used – driven at any current.

As stated by many seasoned lighting professionals, the LED luminaire is a system with multiple factors that affect its performance. Many of the component parts of the system interact and each has a vital part to play in the overall performance of the fitting.

Of course, one of the advantages of LEDs (and therefore LED luminaires) is longevity. They are, for many customers and users, a fit-and-forget lighting solution, with very limited maintenance and a service life of at least 20 years.

Therefore all of the elements of the luminaire require good, solid engineering, testing and development.

When designing an LED luminaire the LED type(s) and drive currents are taken into consideration by the design team as the mechanical and thermal design is conceived and developed through the design cycle. CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software is widely used in conjunction with 3D modelling software to virtually prove the thermal efficiency of the design and the temperature of the LEDs before metal is cut and prototypes are made.

When this process is followed, a luminaire designed to operate the LEDs at the desired current will deliver the lighting performance required while also managing the

thermal characteristics of the LED to deliver the lumen output within certain thermal limits.

So, the thermal management of the system, and particularly of the LEDs, is undeniably vital to the success of driving LEDs at the high current for which they’re designed.

Taking the Luxeon Tx as an example, the typical luminous flux gains at different drive currents are as follows: Typical luminous flux 350mA 147lm 700mA 269lm 1000mA 360lm The increases in lumen output as the drive current is raised are clearly significant.

Typical efficacy 350mA 155 lm/W 700mA 137 lm/W 1000mA 126 lm/W As is evident from the above figures, there are modest reductions in efficacy as the drive current is raised but these are easily outweighed by the lumen output increases.

So, if an LED that has a maximum operating current of 1.2A is driven at only 350mA, it has a huge amount of unutilised capacity and, as can be seen from the luminous flux comparisons above, this represents an awful lot of lumens.

The question of life and longevity is sometimes raised in discussions about driving LEDs at currents above 350mA and this is perhaps a fear of an unknown or uncertain future. As previously stated, thermal management is a crucial factor in achieving the very long life the LEDs can deliver, and the design of the luminaire and thermal paths is critical to this at any drive current. When operated within their thermal design limits, whether at 350mA, 700mA or higher, contemporary LEDs have an incredibly long life, even to L80.

Lighting Journal February 2015

24 LEDs LIFE VS USEFUL LIFE The key to optimising performance is to establish a balance between lumen output, drive current and life that delivers a sensible and practical solution for the owner of the lighting installation. To put this into perspective, driving a modern LED at 350mA may give it a very long life but that’s not necessarily the same as a useful life.

For example, some LEDs might achieve an L70 of nearly 240,000 hours at 350mA, giving 54 years of service if used for 12 hours a day. However, this means the light sources are likely to outlive the luminaires by many years, during which time the lighting is not giving optimum performance. In contrast, running an LED at 1000mA to achieve an L70 of around 90,000 hours will give a life of 20

years if used for 12 hours per day – during which time the lighting is delivering optimum performance.

Savings in power for the end user will no doubt fuel desire to retrofit new LEDs/light engines into existing luminaires.

This is particularly important where a customer has a great many luminaires and saving even a small number of watts multiplied by the number of fittings can result in significant savings in power and carbon dioxide.

When this is the case, having a well-designed, thermally efficient luminaire will facilitate this upgrade and enable savings to be made by the customer.

The key to optimising performance, therefore, is to achieve the best balance of all these factors.

Side view of Kirium luminaire: computational fluid dynamics (CFD) proves the thermal efficiency of designs prior to prototyping

Light output, efficacy

LED capacity

LPW efficacy Light output Max drive current (mA)

Binning current (mA) Input current (lf,mA)

Optimised system performance graph

Lighting Journal February 2015

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28

Asset management

SAFE and SOUND In the second of a two-part feature Mark Tidswell looks at visual inspections, and how to interpret and evaluate results, and provides a table of fault references with their corresponding regulatory requirements

O

ne of the industry’s best practice documents, Well-lit Highways: Code of Practice for Highways Lighting Management – written by a collaborative called the Roads Liaison Group and endorsed by the UK Lighting Board – describes at Appendix D the visual inspections that are required as part of reactive maintenance and condition reporting.

It also describes the electrical testing – after reading section 4.6, it is clear this Appendix is referring to condition reporting as opposed to initial verification (BS7671 Chapter 61) – which aligns to the tests required

by BS 7671.

Lighting Journal February 2015

Asset management Most important, and the main thrust of discussion in this article, it states that during electrical inspection and testing, ‘a record should be made of any departures from the regulations’. This requirement was mirrored in BS 7671 up until the incorporation of Amendment Number 1 launched in 2011 (effective from 1 January 2012). The previous BS 7671 to this, going back to at least 1992, also has this requirement by way of assigning a category (C4) to noncompliances to ‘current’ regulations: ‘Does not comply with BS7671: [year] amended to.[Amendment Number]’.

Since then the categorisations have been restructured by Amendment Number 1 in 2011. It now only has C1 (immediate action needed to rectify a non-compliance), C2 (urgent action needed to rectify a non-compliance) or C3 (upgrade recommended). Guidance Note 3 has also been updated to state: ‘People often ask what standard should be applied when carrying out the periodic inspection of an installation constructed in accordance with an earlier edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations or to an unknown standard.

In this situation the inspection should be carried out against the current edition of BS 7671. However, it is likely that there will be items that do not comply with the current edition of BS 7671 but this does not necessarily mean that the installation is unsafe. If the inspector feels that an item requires improvement, it should be given code C3 on the Electrical Installation Condition Report. If the finding does not require improvement it does not need to be recorded as an observation.’

What we must bear in mind when considering recording non-compliances during a visual inspection is that the local authority engineer does not simply have one asset to maintain, but many thousands. It is entirely possible that it is unknown to which standard/ regulations these assets were originally installed. It is therefore inappropriate to leave classification of all nonconformities entirely at an individual inspector’s discretion as opinions will differ – ‘upgrades’ may be classified by one inspector but not by another, potentially resulting in inconsistent application of budgets to upgrades.

Such occurrences can therefore be prevented by way of task-specific method statements for the workforce.

Well-lit Highways at paragraph 6.6 describes elements of faulty or unsafe DNO cut-outs. These are classed as those that are rewirable, with missing live shrouds, unsafe cut-outs due to

deterioration (or those damaged from accidental damage or vandalism). As well as these types of ‘faults’ quoted in WLH, it is worth noting that there are still services present in the UK which use porcelain fuse carriers and connector blocks as neutral/earth terminals. You’ll also notice that one

29

of the services pictured below and overleaf has a bare brass terminal plate for this provision. All these elements (being non-compliant to current standards) have inappropriate IP ratings and protection of live terminals, thus presenting a greater risk to the workforce during maintenance activities.

N C

A

D H

N O,P I Columns 1 (above) and 2

N C

I,L,M

A

Lighting Journal February 2015

30

Asset management

C

J K

Q,P N

I,J,L,M

B G Column 3. The different assets shown above and on the previous page are labelled to demonstrate their non-conformities to the current regulations. This acts as the visual inspection requirements for condition reporting (according to WLH guidance) and the results can then be used by the authority engineer to assess the risk with the stock.

RISK ASSESSMENT All too often inspection and testing sheets are ‘filed’ without being scrutinised. There is understandably a massive time element in checking thousands of certificates, but it is absolutely necessary. This is again another reason why storing the data on tablets/databases is a huge advantage. All the tick box elements can be automatically checked and the C1 and C2 can be searched for in the free text fields for serious breaches of the regulations.

This is also where pre-works instructions and ongoing works audits/ checks pay dividends. If the inspector knows that he or she should record C1 and C2 for particular breaches, it makes finding them in the submitted data much easier, and so they can be actioned more swiftly. As a reminder, C1 and C2 are described as: • C1: Danger present. Risk of injury.

Immediate remedial action required • C2: Potentially dangerous – urgent remedial action required The authority engineer will therefore have to risk assess the test and inspection results to produce a league table – those assets that require

Lighting Journal February 2015

urgent action at the top, those needing less urgent action and needing to be programmed or rectified during the next maintenance visit, and those that fall below a predetermined level of risk to remain as they are.

Method statements should include the fact that any faults identified with a risk level of 5 should be actioned while the operative is there. If they cannot be dealt with they should be programmed for urgent repair (such as cabling replacements due to earth fault loop impedance issues that cannot be resolved there and then).

The operative should therefore have with them at all times the necessary tools and equipment to carry out such work. This may be used to inform an MEWP stock register which the operative can rely on to keep his or her vehicle suitably stocked.

The remaining faults, those identified as risk 1, 2 and 3, can be plumbed into a logic equation which will prioritise them in order of urgency.

For example: • All risk values are added together to obtain an overall total of risk • The total of risk is then multiplied by the following factors: • Assets having one occurrence of

Risk 3 are multiplied by one • Assets having two occurrences of Risk 3 are multiplied by 1.5 • Assets having three occurrences of Risk 3 are multiplied by two, and so on The resulting figure is then called the risk assessed score; the higher the number, the higher up the league table the asset is for upgrade or repair works.

At some point there would ideally be a cut-off on the table where the risk assessed score is so low that allocation of monies to ‘upgrade’ would be considered unnecessary.

Each of the assets pictured on these pages would have the following resulting scores: Asset reference

Total of risk

Risk assessed score

Column 1

14

21

Column 2

8

8

Column 3

15

22.5

On producing the league table, the engineer can use his or her experience of the network to adjust the risk multipliers and rerun the calculations so that the results represent the stock condition as the engineer sees fit.

It would be a good idea to also incorporate available results of assets based on TR22 visual inspections and strategic condition assessments, as this could then lead to an overall asset score further informing league tables and replacement strategies.

For instance, where an authority has budgets in place for ongoing column replacements, having the TR22 results in the same table would prevent an authority diverting money to upgrade/ replacement works where an asset is already planned to be replaced in the near future.

The engineer is now at a stage where monies can be allocated and/ or requested. Where money is not available, a report should be passed up the management tree to the individuals who can divert monies from other expenditure streams. This is essentially the same as the value management process operated by the Highways Agency, which diverts money to the assets (street lighting, roads, bridges) that carry the greatest risk and/or make the most economic sense.

Mark Tidswell is an independent street lighting and electrical consultant and is the new YLP technical representative

Asset management By test or visual?

Visual

Visual

Visual

Visual

Visual

Visual

C1, C2, C3 (and a danger to whom)?

C2 (danger to the workforce only)

C3 (danger to the workforce only)

C3 (danger to the workforce only)

Unlikely to need classification

C3 (danger to the workforce only)

Unlikely to need classification

Fault ref

A

B

Fault description

Components are not properly fixed to the back board.

There is a looped local authority cable in this asset that is not glanded, it has been left loose in the base compartment and not terminated correctly.

BS7671 IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition 2008 Amendment No 1: 2011 Section

Abbreviated wording:

522.8.1 and 522.8.5

(522.8.1) A wiring system shall be selected and erected so as to minimise...

During installation, use and maintenance... Damage to... Their terminations...

And (522.8.5) every cable or conductor used as fixed wiring shall be supported in such a way... so there is no appreciable mechanical strain on terminations...

Risk

Reason for risk

Response

5

The components could fall off the back board increasing the risk of damaging terminations and risk falling on operatives.

Immediate action

2

Cables should also be supported to prevent undue strain on terminations.

Risk assess

1

N/A

Risk assess

1

N/A

Risk assess

2

Untidy wiring could result in failure to identify conductors properly and lead to accidents during works.

Risk assess

1

N/A

Risk assess

(522.8.1) A wiring system shall be selected and erected so as to minimise...

During installation, use and maintenance... Damage to... Their terminations...

And (522.8.5) every cable or conductor used as fixed wiring shall be supported in such a way... so there is no appreciable mechanical strain on terminations...

522.8.1 and 522.8.5

Also note the requirements of MCDHW Volume 1 Series 1400 Clause 1419 Paragraph 9; ‘All unused cores in cables shall be cut to a minimum length, long enough to connect to the furthest working off point within the unit and shall be cut to equal length. The ends of the cores shall be tied together and sealed with self-amalgamating waterproof jointing tape. The unused cores shall be coiled and strapped in a suitable unobtrusive position.’

C

Sheath trimmed beyond or single insulated conductors outside enclosure, cut-out or isolator.

412.1.2 and 521.10.1 and 526.8 and 526.5

(412.1.2)The protective measure of double or reinforced insulation is applicable in all situations...

(521.10.1) Non-sheathed cables for fixed wiring shall be enclosed in conduit, ducting or trunking...

(526.8;) Cores from sheathed cables from which the sheath has been removed and non-sheathed cables at the termination of conduit, ducting or trunking shall be enclosed as required by regulation 526.5.

(526.5) Every termination and joint in a live conductor or a PEN conductor shall be made within one of the following or combination thereof: (i) A suitable accessory complying with the appropriate product standard (ii) An equipment enclosure complying with the appropriate product standard (iii) An enclosure partially formed or completed within building material which is non-combustible when tested to BS476-4.

D

PECU Switch Wire Wrong Colour. The cable used for the PECU switch wire is a standard T+E or flex cable. This has conductors coloured to indicate live and neutral. However, both conductors are live when the circuit is energised at night and hence they should both be coloured to indicate that both are live conductors.

Table 51 and 514.3.2

Table 51 AC power circuit; phase of single phase circuit; Brown. Note 1; Power circuits include lighting circuits And (514.3.2) Every core of a cable shall be identifiable at its terminations and preferably throughout its length...

E

Untidy wiring.

Although a minor point, untidy wiring can be trapped during door installation and makes maintenance more difficult.

134.1.1

Good workmanship by competent persons or persons under their supervision and proper materials shall be used in the erection of the installation. Electrical equipment shall be installed in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the equipment.

F

(Assuming that this asset has already been inspected and as a pointer to the current requirements) Inspection label missing. During condition reporting a label should be installed so that a record exists in the asset to illustrate to others when it was last inspected/ tested and when it is next due.

31

A notice of such durable material... Shall be fixed in a prominent position at or near the origin of every installation...

514.12.1 Note the above is not applicable where the installation is part of a programmed inspection and testing procedure, Regulation 559.10.7.1..

Lighting Journal February 2015

32 By test or visual?

Visual

Visual

Asset management C1, C2, C3 (and a danger to whom)?

C3 (danger to the workforce only)

Unlikely to need classification

Fault ref

Fault description

G

Loop in/out ID label missing. The cables in the asset should be labelled so that personnel know where the supply comes from (and goes to) and where it can be isolated for safe working. As diagrams/charts/ tables are not suitable for lighting columns, best practice dictates cable labelling is used.

514.9.1

H

Dual colour label missing. The asset has conductors coloured to two different versions of BS7671. A label should be displayed to clearly indicate the different colouring systems.

514.14.1

514.13.1

411.4.2

Visual

Unlikely to need classification

I

Earth label missing.

A label is required to identify to personnel that the earths must not be disconnected.

Visual

C1 (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

J1

Bond not connected to exposed or extraneous conductive part

Visual

C2 (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

J2

Poor earth bond connections or twisted earth connections.

Although we are considering here visual inspections, a continuity test across the conductors and connections will confirm the suitability of the connection.

Visual

C3 (danger to the workforce only)

K

The CPC or bonds do not have sleeving or insulation.

Visual

Unlikely to need classification provided continuity proves sound

L

Main bonding is undersized.

Visual

Unlikely to need classification provided continuity proves sound

M

Supplementary bonding is undersized.

Lighting Journal February 2015

BS7671 IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition 2008 Amendment No 1: 2011

Risk

Reason for risk

Response

2

The quicker an asset can be isolated the better. Labelling would reduce time and exposure during tracing the supply origin.

Risk assess

If wiring additions or alterations are made... Such that... There is also wiring to previous versions of these Regulations, a warning notice shall be affixed at or near the appropriate distribution board...

1

N/A

Risk assess

A permanent label... With the words ‘Safety Electrical Connection – Do Not Remove’ shall be permanently fixed at or near... The point of connection of every bonding conductor... The main earth terminal...

1

N/A

Risk assess

5

Exposed parts could become live and the supply would not automatically disconnect.

Immediate action

3

The connections may increase resistance on the earth path and result in delay of automatic disconnection.

Risk assess

1

N/A

Risk assess

1

The connections may increase resistance on the earth path and result in delay of automatic disconnection.

Risk assess

1

The connections may increase resistance on the earth path and result in delay of automatic disconnection.

Risk assess

A legible diagram, chart or table... Shall be provided... Indicating... The type and composition of each circuit...

There is also a requirement in MCDHW Volume 1 Series 14o, Clause 1419 Paragraph 5 for the cable labelling.

...each exposed conductive part of the installation shall be connected by a protective conductor to the main earthing terminal of the installation...

Also see Regulation 544.1 and 544.2

134.1.1 and 526.1

(134.1.1) Good workmanship by competent persons or persons under their supervision and proper materials shall be used in the erection of the installation. Electrical equipment shall be installed in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the equipment.

(526.1) Every connection between conductors or between a conductor and other equipment shall provide durable electrical continuity and adequate mechanical strength and protection.

514.3.2 and 514.4.2

(514.3.2) Every core of a cable shall be identifiable at its terminations and preferably throughout its length... (514.4.2)... A bare conductor... Used as a protective conductor shall be identified... Either throughout the length of the conductor or in each compartment...

559.10.3.4

The earthing conductor of a street electrical fixture shall have a minimum copper equivalent cross sectional area not less than that of the supply neutral conductor at that point or not less than 6mm2, whichever is the smaller.

A supplementary bonding conductor connecting two exposed conductive parts shall have a conductance if sheathed or otherwise provided with mechanical protection, not less than that of the smaller protective conductor connected to the exposed conductive parts. If mechanical protection is not provided, its cross-sectional area shall be not less than 4mm2.

544.2.1 For clarification, an exposed conductive part usually forms part of the electrical system and all elements under discussion are considered as forming part of that system, hence, the requirements for extraneous conductive parts have not been included. It is also worth nothing that MCDHW Volume 1 Series 1400 clause 1420 describes requirements for bonding conductors.

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34 By test or visual?

Visual

Asset management C1, C2, C3 (and a danger to whom)?

C1 or C3 depending on the nature (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

Visual

C2 (danger to the workforce only)

Visual

C2 (danger to the workforce only)

Visual or test

C1, C2 or C3 depending on the nature (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

Test

C1 (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

Test

C3 (only an operational issue, safety of the system shouldn’t be compromised by this issue)

Test

C1 or C2 depending on reading (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

Test

C3 (this is unlikely to affect the protective device operating)

Test

C3 (only an operational issue, safety of the system shouldn’t be compromised)

Test

C2 (danger to the workforce and possibly the public)

Fault ref

N

Fault description

Strip connectors used in live conductors or exposed connections

BS7671 IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition 2008 Amendment No 1: 2011

Risk

Reason for risk

Response

5

The exposed parts could be inadvertently touched during maintenance activities, or, should the door become dislodged, open to interference by animals or people.

Immediate action

2

Exposed connections on ballasts and the like although no longer comply are relatively difficult to come in to contact with

Risk assess

N/A

BS 7671 does not cover the DNO equipment. However, as this type of fuse carrier now fails to meet the IP ratings of current standards and, to align with WLH paragraphs 6.6 and Appendix D, this issue should be recorded so the detail can be passed to the DNO and the issue can be included in the risk assessment process.

3

Provides inappropriate IP ratings. Also, live shrouds are not available for these fuse carriers hence putting the workforce at increased risk during maintenance.

Risk assess

N/A

BS 7671 does not cover the DNO equipment. However, as this type of fuse carrier now fails to meet the IP ratings of current standards and, to align with WLH paragraphs 6.6 and Appendix D, this issue should be recorded so the detail can be passed to the DNO and the issue can be included in the risk assessment process.

3

Puts the workforce at increased risk during maintenance.

Risk assess

5

Live parts are exposed

Immediate action

2

Minor damage or old historic equipment preventing full compliance

Immediate action or risk assess

5

The failed connections could prevent automatic disconnection

Immediate action

2

This failure is more an operational issue than safety. Providing the asset is functioning as intended, the risk is low.

Risk assess

5

The high result could prevent the protective device disconnecting the supply in the event of a fault.

Immediate/ programme action

1

Although the device isn’t rated to take the indicated fault current, it should still disconnect the supply in the event of a fault.

Risk assess

1

Provided that the voltage drop isn’t causing operational issues, marginal infringements are not a safety concern.

Risk assess

5

Although this event would be a rarity, the consequences are huge as the assets exist predominantly in the public domain.

Immediate/ programme action

416.1 and 526.5

(416.1) Live Parts shall be completely covered with insulation which can only be removed by destruction. For equipment the insulation shall comply with the relevant standard for such electrical equipment...

(526.5) Every termination and joint in a live conductor or a PEN conductor shall be made within one of the following or combination thereof: (i) A suitable accessory complying with the appropriate product standard (ii) An equipment enclosure complying with the appropriate product standard (iii) An enclosure partially formed or completed within building material which is non-combustible when tested to BS476-4.

O

Porcelain fuse carrier

P

DNO live shroud missing

Q

Inappropriate or damaged enclosure or fuse carrier not complying with IP2X (or IP4X for horizontal top surface).

412.2.1 and 412.2.2

(412.2.1)...all conductive parts separated from live parts by basic insulation shall be contained in an insulating enclosure... Of protection IPXXB or IP2X. (412.2.2) A horizontal top surface of a barrier or enclosure which is readily accessible shall provide a degree of protection of at least IPXXD or IP4X.

R

Continuity failure of earthing

Various, also refer to GN3 Paragraph 2.7.5

Various, also refer to GN3 Paragraph 2.7.5

S

Insulation resistance failure

T

Maximum allowable earth fault loop impedance infringed

U

Protective devices not suitable for prospective fault current

V

W

Voltage drop above limits

Earth electrode missing

Lighting Journal February 2015

Table 61

Chapter 41

GN3 Table 2.8

1 megohm when tested at 500 V DC

Various

Various

Appendix 4

3% for final circuits, 6% for circuits incorporating a private cable network.

BS 7430:2011 Paragraph 8.5.2.3

In the case of circuits feeding one or more items of street furniture, for example by looping using a cable with separate line, neutral and protective conductors, an earth electrode should be installed preferably both at the point of supply and at the last or penultimate unit. This electrode should be such as to make the resistance to earth of the neutral at any point less than 20 ohms before the connection of any circuit protective or bonding conductors to the neutral terminal.

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A GLIMMER of KNOWLEDGE A new technology uses light to convey information to smart devices

A

partial absorption. The Fujitsu technology uses the image captured by the camera to measure the reflectivity and compensate accordingly, in that way improving the information-capturing accuracy. The technology is not limited to LED lighting, says the company, and could also be used with projectors.

Some existing technologies for linking a variety of physical objects with network services include NFC tags and QR codes, where identifying information is directly attached to the object. Another technology is based on tying information services to the location rather than the object itself by using GPS, or other methods based on Bluetooth, ultrasound, or visible light communication carried via radio waves, sound, or light.

However, physically affixing the identifying information to an object can obviously compromise the appearance of the object itself, says Fujitsu.

This and the limited range of devices supporting that technology have previously been issues. Using the object’s location also means data can only be distributed to an area, such as a particular section of a store, for example. This makes it difficult to distribute more granular information to individual objects, including whatever product or exhibit is actually in front of the user.

Apart from retrieving information or streaming a video about a product or object, future applications could also include automated payment and delivery.

Fujitsu Laboratories is currently conducting tests to assess the technology in a variety of different environments. The company aims to introduce the concept commercially during 2015. www.fujitsu.co

Image: Fujitsu

light-based technology developed by Fujitsu Laboratories could allow you to download a song a performer is singing on stage simply by pointing a smartphone at them. Or while on holiday, at a tourist destination you could get detailed information or a commentary in your own language by pointing a smart device at a historical building or plaque.

To capture the data, a user only needs to point a camera at the object. The technology then enables works of art, products in a store, people, buildings and a variety of other objects to be the source of data transmission.

According to Fujitsu, ID data can be embedded in light cast by LEDs or other light sources on to objects. It can also recover the ID data from objects that are lit in this way. By embedding data in light so it is not detectableto the naked eye, an object that has been illuminated can convey data to a smart device. With previous technologies, says the team, data could only be conveyed to a general area, but with this approach data can be specifically targeted to an individual object.

Fujitsu’s approach modulates the colour of light emitted by RGB LED sources in such a way as to be undetectable to the human eye, but that can still embed ID data in the light that is cast on an object. By modulating the intensity of the light emitted by each of the three component colours along the time axis, ID data can be embedded in the light cast on to the object, even with very small variations.

As all lighters know, when light is cast on to a surface, some of it will be absorbed and some reflected, depending on the reflectivity of that surface. The signal encoded in the respective RGB wavelengths will end up being weakened by that

Lighting Journal February 2015

37

Images: Fujitsu

Future concept

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To capture the data, a user only needs to point a camera at the object. The technology then enables works of art, products in a store, people, buildings and a variety of other objects to be the source of data transmission

Lighting Journal February 2015

38

PIPs advertisement feature

WSP Managing the environmental impact of lighting Lighting plays an important role in allowing all types of activities to be undertaken at night, be it to provide a safe operating environment, support sporting activities, promote the local economy or form security measures.

However, artificial lighting for new developments and premises is often of concern to residents and lobby groups, as poorly designed or installed lighting can be defined as a nuisance and/or adversely affect local fauna and flora.

At WSP our lighting designers and environmental specialists are experienced in managing these concerns – we understand the requirements and deliver environmental lighting impact studies and mitigation measures.

We provide lighting solutions that ensure the required task area is correctly lit, while ensuring that

iGuzzini Engineered for the future

Lighting Journal February 2015

obtrusive lighting and local concerns are addressed. Our designs comply with guidance such as that produced by the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) and by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).

However, managing the environmental impact does not just relate to controlling the light – it is also a matter of sustainability and using

The Wow product range from iGuzzini has been developed to meet the demands of street lighting engineers for today and tomorrow.

The driver has been developed to provide a design life of 100,000 hours by splitting heat-producing elements and the electronics apart; this doubles the life of the drivers and will dramatically reduce your cost of ownership.

It also includes the ability to select drive currents (325mA/425mA/525mA) which will increase lumen output on site without the need to change the driver or LED lantern. This minimises stockholding space and allows the designer to react to changes on site.

With built-in constant light output (CLO) and also a built-in selectable dimming regime that will dim the unit to 70 per cent of output from one hour before midnight to four hours after midnight, the driver provides a number of options to enhance your energy saving.

the right light sources with a control system to ensure efficient use of energy and carbon.

Understanding the current planning and obtrusive lighting requirements with respect to lighting, as well as working closely with planners, environmental health officers and clients, is key to WSP having the majority of schemes accepted at first application.

With the use of our unique pen profiler you can programme and reprogramme up to six stages of dimming and multiple times to create your own dimming profile. If you want to upgrade further to CMS, then the driver will take any input from Dali or 1-10V central management systems.

Full flexibility for you when you want.

PIPs advertisement feature

OrangeTek Rotherham and Barnsley LED conversion OrangeTek is currently working with Rotherham and Barnsley councils to upgrade its stock to LEDs. Rotherham Council is responsible for maintaining and controlling 36,000 units, while Barnsley Council maintains and controls 33,500 street lighting installations.

These councils are currently replacing a combined total of around 8000 main road luminaires and 33,000 residential route luminaires with LED lighting units, thus reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy savings Having conducted a comprehensive tender evaluation reviewing technical, commercial and lighting design offerings from numerous contenders within the market, it was clear that OrangeTek was simply the best solution for the delivery of LED lanterns to meet their overall needs.

OrangeTek TerraLED was selected as the preferred lantern for the initial

Marshalls Marrying expertise and style For years, Woodhouse has been a marque of quality and distinction in street furniture and lighting, producing bespoke products that improve and inspire our public spaces. Now, we’re delighted to announce these bespoke product solutions will be brought together with the rest of our street furniture portfolio under the single Marshalls brand – helping you to create an extraordinary, cohesive style with ease.

Marshalls, the UK’s leading manufacturer of hard landscaping materials, has been transforming public realm spaces for more than 120 years, combining style and architectural design flair with its technical expertise.

Most recently, Marshalls designed and installed 40 bespoke, interactive lighting columns at King Abdul Aziz

main road tender as it could technically meet all the design needs for Class

39

ME (V). OrangeTek was also selected following the second tender for residential lighting (Class P),and the AriaLED was introduced into the project on its release.

OrangeTek continually strives to stay ahead of the market by appropriately investing in research and development, and regularly implementing improvements or developing new products to meet our customer needs.

So when the new AriaLED was released with its improved light distribution and reduced energy consumption, it was an opportunity to make use of our next-generation improvements.

This project is still in its early stages of implementation, and it is anticipated to accelerate at a planned and steady pace. It is quickly showing fantastic energy savings, reduction in carbon emissions and financial savings at a time when energy prices are expected to continue increasing.

Having only replaced a fraction of the inventory with LED lanterns – less than 20 per cent of their stock has been upgraded – Rotherham and Barnsley are already seeing significant improvements on their energy line: a reduction in energy consumption from 13,624,073 Kw/h to 11,820,820 Kw/h over the past 16 months.

International Airport, Saudi Arabia, and three tapered columns, 18m-26m high, with a sequence of fibre optic lights, for the roof of the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham.

Our in-house lighting designers can help you to create distinctive, attractive places while addressing the requirements for functional street lighting, illuminating pavements and creating integrated landscapes.

With technological expertise and design experience, Marshalls is committed to helping designers and architects create better spaces, and has the knowledge to work with them on the most challenging and ambitious projects.

Call us to learn more on 0345 307 0701

Lighting Journal February 2015

40

VPs’ column

The ROAD AHEAD Alan Jaques, VP highways and infrastructure, explains his new remit and the need for a guidance update in 2015

W

hat is highways and infrastructure and what areas of lighting does it cover? This is the question that I’m usually asked when I’m introduced as the new vice president for this area, so it seems appropriate for me to use this column as a platform to give an explanation.

The highways element is fairly selfexplanatory in that it’s typically street lighting works that would be managed by local authorities or national government agencies.

The infrastructure element is a little more difficult to define concisely, but it covers locations such as transport interchanges, airports, ports, railway stations and so on.

There are substantial infrastructure projects where there is a significant overlap of highways and infrastructure, such as light rapid transit projects or even the controversial high speed rail HS2 project that will impact on many highways on its route north out of London.

However, there will be significantly more projects where there is no physical overlap between the two, but similar skills and competencies are required of the lighting professionals involved in the design, construction and ongoing maintenance of the lighting assets. A fundamental aspect of the highways and infrastructure remit is that it covers not just the new build design issues but ongoing, through-life asset management, including both planned and reactive activities.

As budgetary pressures continue to be applied in this period of prolonged austerity, the asset management of lighting apparatus is simultaneously becoming increasingly important and difficult to finance. Additionally, over the past five years or so there has been a massive reduction in the headcount within local government as a direct result of the requirement to reduce expenditure.

Fixed costs such as salaries are an easy target as quantifiable savings can be simply demonstrated. What’s more difficult to identify is what costs are associated with this reduction in resources.

There is likely to be a reduction in the quality of service to users, so in lighting terms this could be reduced night-scouting regimes,

Lighting Journal February 2015

longer outage repair times and so on. It could also mean a loss of in-house lighting expertise and the historical knowledge of the local assets. These changes have brought about new challenges that new and updated guidance documents will need to take account of.

Guidance documents are a vital tool for all lighting professionals. For many years one of the most widely used documents for the maintenance of lighting assets has been Welllit Highways. It has been acknowledged by its publisher, the UK Roads Liaison Group, that this guidance document requires reviewing and updating, and the process of doing this started in mid-2014. The consultation process for this has been ongoing since late last year and a number of workshops are being held around the country during February 2015. The updated document is scheduled to be issued during autumn 2015.

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As budgetary pressures continue to be applied, the asset management of lighting apparatus is simultaneously becoming increasingly important and difficult to finance’

Some aims of this project are to: • Identify areas for change, clarification or removal to ensure that they represent a well-balanced risk-based approach, where minimum requirements are clearly identified • Ensure that recommendations are supported by sound evidence • Revise standards to reduce any ‘gold plating’ or unnecessary financial burdens on local highway authorities • Identify any potential implications resulting from changes to the guidance • Identify any omissions from the codes It is planned for the final revised versions of Well-maintained Highways, Well-lit Highways and Management of Highway Structures to be issued at the same time as a suite of documents. All of these documents are being developed to be fit for purpose, robust, concise and to have support from across the sector.

The project team is looking for practitioners to share case studies with them that can be used to support good practice within the revised code. The team is especially keen to receive case studies that demonstrate examples of

adopting a risk-based approach within our sector. The UK Roads Liaison Group website (www.ukroadsliaisongroup.org) has information regarding the review of these documents and details of how to participate in the consultation process.

I am assisted in my VP role by regional representatives who are part of the regional committee structure. These regional highway and infrastructure representatives are ideally placed to provide two-way communication between myself and the regions. I meet with them on a regular basis both to disseminate information and for them to help me understand local concerns and issues that I can assist with nationally.

I would welcome any ideas that members have in relation to the highways and infrastructure aspects of our profession – this can be passed on either through your regional representative or by contacting me directly. It’s your institution, so let’s take this opportunity to drive forward shared good practice within the highways and infrastructure sector. alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

– Welcome to the UNESCO –

International Year of Light 2015 THE ILP IS DELIGHTED TO ANNOUNCE SOME SPECIAL EVENTS TO COINCIDE WITH THIS ONCE IN A LIFETIME YEAR.

Make sure you are signed up to the

ILP newsletter 23-24 SEPTEMBER 21 MAY

Lightscene: on the right track

Professional Lighting Summit

Northampton Saints Rugby Club

Queens Hotel Chester

for all the latest info on each event.

LAST TUESDAY OF MOST MONTHS

How To Be Brilliant acdc studio London

10 JUNE

Professor Russell Foster: Circadian Science for Lighting Professionals Royal Institution London

Any questions? Contact the ILP Events Team on 01788 576492 or via www.theilp.org.uk

e u s Is 5 1 0 2 h c r a M r fo s e r Featu Counter intelligence

Retail lighting: current issues and future directions

Paving for a rainy day

Is lighting for wet and dry roads useful?

Green investment schemes Which one makes sense?

42 Products

What’s new Choi and Shine Architects The Bit Light

The BIT Light is a magnetic modular lighting system that not only enables thousands of permutations but also provides an alternative means of adjusting light level. It consists of a collection of self-supporting illuminating modules which can be added or removed to increase or decrease the fixture’s brightness (they are also dimmable). Multiple BITs are fastened with an orthogonal magnetic connector that physically secures and electrically connects the modules together and to a power source. This is either a ceiling or wall-mounted terminal that supplies low voltage power via the connector or an internal battery. Each component comprises an LED and a translucent polycarbonate shell (that remains cool to the touch), and generates 460lm of omnidirectional lighting. The BIT Light can be rearranged to create variable three-dimensional forms as a surface mount fixture (wall, ceiling, floor or desk) or configured as a pendant. Two BITs and one connector allow five possible variations, while seven BITs and six connectors enable 15,625 possibilities (see website for potential configuration ideas). Unused connecting areas are recessed and can be covered with small insulating covers. http://thebitlight.org/

Nordeon GE Lighting

Multiple Module Spinella The Multiple Module Spinella roadway fixture has a range of output levels, from 90W-230W, and is designed for a variety of main road, motorway and increased luminaire spacing applications. The fitting accommodates a number of intelligent devices and control systems, including GE Lighting’s LightGrid technology, Dali, 0-10V, Dyna dim and photocell.

Optics have been designed to minimise glare and increase control of the direction and level of illumination. Spinella has a rated service life of 60,000 hours at L90. It has tool-less entry and clip-in gear tray. www.gelighting.com/eu

Thor Designed for harsh environments and to withstand temperatures up to 50 degrees C, the Thor high bay fitting has a maximum output of 2800lm (115lm/W). It has three different light distributions according to application. Although manufactured to be robust, the appearance of the fitting, with anthracite-painted aluminium housing, broadens applications to areas such as retail, transport hubs and other public spaces. The company guarantees a lifetime of 100,000 hours. Nordeon was founded in 2012 with the acquisition of the Philips development and manufacturing facility in Springe, Germany, followed by the acquisition of two other Philips production sites in France. www.nordeon.com

Lighting Journal February 2015

Products

43

Flos

Ipnos Designed to be used either inside or out, the geometric Ipnos has an ultra-light skeleton of thin extruded and anodised aluminium profiles.

LEDs are integrated into the upper edge leaving the space inside the luminaire empty.

A total of 196 LEDs (15W) give an output of 1176lm. Colour temperature is 2700K, CRI 85.

A transparent methacrylate surface can be inserted into the top square to make it a table.

Ipnos comes in anodised natural, black and copper finishes. www.flos.com

GE Lighting

TLBt and TMBt tunnel fittings

Also new from GE, the new TLBt single module and TMBt double module IP66 luminaires come in a range of optical combinations and mounting solutions for low and high-speed tunnels, underpasses and industrial areas. Both have a rated life of 60,000 hours at L90 at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees C. They feature a tool-less driver gear door and light engine solution for easier maintenance. Direction and level of illumination can be controlled using the optical reflector technology, improving motorist safety by increasing light quality and visibility while reducing glare. Both fittings can take Dali control systems. www.gelighting.com/eu

MHA Lighting

LodeStar/End Lit Rod MHA has launched its End Lit Rod (ELR) LED technology alongside the newly created LodeStar range. Designed for both internal and external applications, the fitting can be used for ceiling heights up to 25m. According to the company the patented ELR system combines high performance with good light distribution to create the lowestpowered fixtures on the market, with installations also requiring fewer fittings. The solution uses total internal reflection to transmit and direct the light into the workspace. Powerful CoB LED modules are located at each end of acrylic tubes, concealing the LEDs from view to reduce glare and create even light distribution, similar to that of a T8 array. Efficiency is 130lm/cW (nett of all losses). MHA has described it as ‘a fundamental step change in LED technology and its capabilities’. www.mhalighting.co.uk

Lighting Journal February 2015

44 Independent lighting design

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‘The biggest challenge is budget, and how you deliver, operate and maintain a sixweek festival’

SPARKLE and SHINE Emma Cogswell, IALD UK projects manager, on the rising star of the lighting festival

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t’s grey during the day and by 4pm it’s getting dark again. So apart from the Christmas lights in our town centres what else is there to keep the public’s spirits up? The answer, it appears, is a lighting festival. They seem to be springing up everywhere.

As a lighting designer this sounds like a wonderful idea – the kind of vehicle we have been looking for. We can now decorate whole towns or gardens with light, the stuff we know just what to do with. It’s our chance to show how light has the power to evoke emotions, bring life into old spaces – make viewers see their town or the gardens of a familiar stately home reborn as magical spaces.

I recently wrapped up my smallest child and headed for the local extravaganza. Sadly it was a disappointment – lots of old Par lamps with coloured gels taped to them.

Lighting Journal February 2015

And, of course, the inevitable uplit trees and hedges in lots of colours, with the dark pathway illuminated by rope light. It felt like a garden party from the 1980s. My daughter loved it and I suppose a lot of other people would have liked it too if their expectations hadn’t been raised by the experience of a proper lighting festival.

So it was a great relief when I learnt that this might be an embryonic state for

some of these fledgling festivals. Even better, some of them have realised that they need a bit of help.

Following the success of the inaugural Light Night Canning Town in 2013, the organisers worked with a team of exciting artists and local residents to put on a bigger and brighter festival on 29 November 2014.

They also linked up with the communities of Bradford in Yorkshire,

Independent lighting design generating opportunities for cultural exchange and artistic development between the two cities. 2014’s theme of The Fire and the Stars was centred on the ancient tradition among many communities of gazing into flames and up at the stars, while telling stories and freeing our creativity. Artists created spectacular light installations, performances, music and much more for a really memorable night.

Speirs and Major took part for the second year, collaborating with Barking Road shopkeepers to dress up Canning Town’s high street. They used light to create a story around discovered objects in four shops on Barking Road, providing a window into the local community and revealing the variety of personalities along the high street.

On a more ambitious level, Bournemouth Council again employed the talents of Michael Grubb Studio to create Gardens of Light over the festive holiday period. The studio’s award-winning Light Pods once more transformed Bournemouth’s Lower Gardens into an interactive spectacle combining light, architecture, materials, sound and video.

These immersive light experiences – featuring traditional beach hut frames fitted with a variety of dazzling interior concepts – are beautiful, fun and completely free to enjoy and explore.

‘The biggest challenge is budget, and how you deliver, operate and maintain a six-week festival,’ says Grubb. ‘It involves a huge amount of consultation, cooperation and support from various departments and organisations.

‘There was no brief other than to do something interesting with light,’ he

45

continues. ‘The client was extremely supportive, so we spent some time thinking about the opportunities and challenges of putting on such a long festival. We liked the idea of creating an alternative festival where the emphasis was on exploring, educating and interacting with light.The Light-Pod concept allowed us to create minilight experiences that can be used by day and by night. It also allowed us to develop a wide range of content which appealed to a broad demographic.’

So as I gain my two minutes or so of daylight moving towards the spring I’m heartened that there seems to be a bright, sparkly future for lighting festivals in the UK. At their best they will challenge the viewer and allow designers to demonstrate some of the more fun techniques we have at our disposal – and bring much-needed new life to the high streets.

Gardens of Light, Bournemouth (top left). Other images: Light Night Canning Town

Lighting Journal February 2015

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY TO ADVERTISE IN THE LIGHTING DIRECTORY PLEASE CONTACT JULIE - 01536 527297 julie@matrixprint.com

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING COLUMNS

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

WIND RELEASING BANNERS

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690

info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210 Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

LIGHTING

Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

TRAINING SERVICES

fresh thinking trusted technology

CPD Accredited Training

- LED gear tray retrofits

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring

- Induction Lighting

Venues by arrangement

- Direct LED retrofit lamps

Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd

0203 051 1687 www.indolighting.com

36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Lighting Consultants

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise

Carl Ackers

Stephen Halliday

Nick Smith

Built Environment Consulting Ltd

WSP

Nick Smith Associates Limited

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL

Castle Donington DE74 2UH

EngTech AMILP

Manchester M50 3SP

IEng MILP

Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: +44 (0) 1332 811711 M: 07867 784906 E: carlackers@bec-consulting.co.uk

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

With many years’ experience we are able to bring a wealth of knowledge to the design process. Our vision is to deliver class leading sustainable solutions for the built environment, including specialist internal and external lighting design and specification services, record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

Steven Biggs

Philip Hawtrey

Anthony Smith

Skanska Infrastructure Services

Mouchel

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd

www.bec-consulting.co.uk

IEng MILP

Peterborough PE1 5XG

www.wspgroup.com

BTech IEng MILP MIET

Sutton Coldfield B72 1PH

Eng MILP

Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

www.mouchel.com

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

www.staintonlds.co.uk

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

John Conquest

Allan Howard

Alan Tulla

4way Consulting Ltd

WSP

Alan Tulla Lighting

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk

www.skanska.co.uk

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP Stockport, SK4 1AS

T: 0161 480 9847 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com

T: 04489 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com

www.nicksmithassociates.com

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

www.wspgroup.com

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

Lorraine Calcott

Alan Jaques

it does lighting ltd

Atkins

www.4wayconsulting.com

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Mark Chandler

Tony Price

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Vanguardia Consulting

Reading RG10 9QN

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Colin Fish

Alistair Scott

WSP

Designs for Lighting Ltd

Hertford SG13 7NN

www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE

IF YOU WISH TO BE INCLUDED IN THIS DIRECTORY PLEASE CONTACT JULIE FOR MORE INFORMATION: ENTRY IS ALSO ON THE MAIN ILP WEBSITE ONLY ADVERTISERS IN THE JOURNAL CAN BE INCLUDED ONLINE. JULIE@MATRIXPRINT.COM 01536 527297

Winchester SO23 7TA

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Providing design and technical services for all applications of exterior and interior lighting from architectural to sports, rail, area, highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations on wildlife and the community.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

www.wspgroup.com

Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

Oxted RH8 9EE

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

IEng MILP

www.alantullalighting.com

www.atkinsglobal.com

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

Nottingham, NG9 2HF

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

EngTech AMILP

Winchester, SO22 4DS

IEng MILP

T: 01908 698869 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

www.itdoes.co.uk

IEng FILP FSLL

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

DIARY 10-12

February Light School at the Surface Design Show (Organised by Light Collective and supported by the ILP) Venue: Business Design Centre Islington London N1 www.surfacedesignshow.com/ light-school

24

February How to be Brilliant with: Florence Lam Global lighting leader, Arup (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

26

February SLL Masterclass: Light for Life Location: Leeds City Museum, Leeds www.sll.cibse.org

4-5

March IALD Enlighten Asia 2015: Feeling with Technology Venue: Big Sight, Ariake, Tokyo www.iald.org

10

March 200 years of Fresnel: Why everything we light and look at today depends on what he said (SLL event) Venue: Royal Institution, London www.sll.cibse.org

10-11

16-20 March

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 2 Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

19

March Lighting Design Awards Venue: London Hilton, Park Lane https://www.awards.lighting.co.uk

23

March How to be Brilliant with: Michael Grubb, Michael Grubb Studio (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

24

March Ready Steady Light Location: Rose Bruford College Sidcup, Kent www.sll.cibse.org

9-14 April

Euroluce Venue: Milan Fairgrounds, Milan www.cosmit.it/en/euroluce

28

21

May SLL AGM and Awards Venue: RIBA 66 Portland Place, London W1 www.sll.cibse.org

21

May Lightscene (ILP event) Venue: Northampton Saints Rugby Club jo@theilp.org.uk

29-31 May

Third International Conference of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN 2015) Location: Sherbrooke Quebec, Canada www.artificiallightatnight.org

10

June Circadian Science for Lighting Professionals (ILP event) Lecturer: Professor Russell Foster Venue: Royal Institution, London www.cie2015.org

28

June

- 4 July

28th CIE Session Venue: University Place, University of Manchester www.cie2015.org

April How to be Brilliant with: Neil Knowles Founder Elektra Lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

March

Retail Design Expo Venue: Olympia, London http://retaildesignexpo.com/

11

March Fundamental Lighting Course (ILP course) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events

24 February: How to be Brilliant with: Florence Lam, ACDC Studio, London N1