Master Electronics Relay Guide 2019

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

EMR vs. SSR Chart Sourcing Relays, Purchasing Department Considerations Steps to Selecting a Relay Relays 101

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APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

LINE CARD

RELAYS 101

SUPPLIERS INFO

FEATURING

SELECTING A RELAY

RELAY GUIDE

VOLUME 2

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

WELCOME TO THE MASTER ELECTRONICS

GUIDE TO RELAYS

SELECTING A RELAY

A FUNDAMENTAL GUIDE TO USING RELAYS IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, FOR DESIGN AND PURCHASING PROFESSIONALS. Relays are both old and new, simple and sophisticated, delicate and tough. For a product that, in its most basic form, simply switches current on and off, there is a lot to be said. Relays are sold by the billions and used in devices and systems worldwide. They’re not new, but they prove their worth every day, protecting everything from simple circuits to complicated power systems – and the people who run them. They also do this without a lot of maintenance, upgrades, or complicated software. You could indeed call them the “workhorse” of electronic components.

SUPPLIERS INFO

That’s why we are excited to bring you this second edition of Master Electronics’ Annual Relay Guide. In it we’ll give you an overview of what relays are and what they do in an individual product or system. We’ll also cover the pros and cons of the different types of relays available today and what you should look out for when sourcing them.

Whether you are a designer, an engineer, or a purchasing professional, you’ll find our “short course” on relays to be useful and well-worth adding to your relay reference file.

RELAYS 101

Inside this guide you’ll also find important relay product information from some of the best-known of today’s industry manufacturers, including Weidmueller, Carlo Gavazzi, Omron Electronics, TE Connectivity, Fujitsu Components, Teledyne Relays, and Wieland. From benefits, specs, and applications to information on electromechanical vs. solid state relays, you’ll find it all here.

As a world-class, authorized distributor for over 50 different relay manufacturers, Master Electronics knows the product inside and out and is uniquely positioned to provide you with application and engineering assistance to make sure you get the right components for your design.

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

LINE CARD

If you find our Relay Guide valuable, we invite you to pass it along to your department associates, project partners, or vendors. You can download an easy to e-mail PDF of our Relay Guide on the Master Electronics website at MasterElectronics.com. Or, feel free to request additional printed copies from your Master Electronics sales associate.

FEATURES

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

03 Master Message 04 EMR vs. SSR: The Pros and The Cons 14 Questions to Ask Before You Source a Relay 20 Steps to Selecting The Relay You Need 21 Master Relay Line Card 24 Understanding Relays - The Basics

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SUPPLIERS 06 Weidmueller 08 Carlo Gavazzi 10 Omron Electronic Components 12 TE Connectivity 16 Fujitsu Components 18 Teledyne Relays 22 Wieland

ABOUT US SELECTING A RELAY

EMR VS. SSR CHART

MASTER MESSAGE

SUPPLIERS INFO

Master Electronics, a leading global franchised distributor of electromechanical, interconnect and passive components for over 50 years, is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. With 9 strategically located stocking facilities throughout North America, plus offices in Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Mexico, Master Electronics is well positioned to source your component needs from the best suppliers across the globe.

Company-wide dedication to stocking a wide breadth of part numbers means strong support for the worldwide design and production needs of modern engineering and purchasing departments, from small to large. And over 360,000 unique part numbers in-stock from over 250 world-class suppliers, means less time spent searching for the parts you need to meet your design specifications and keep your production line running.

RELAYS 101

But more than this, Master Electronics professional staff across our network has the experience and the training to make sure you get the service you need and the products you require. This dedication to service is part of our franchised distributor status with our suppliers, and means ongoing staff training in product and technology implementation to support companies with industrial, military, automotive, medical, aerospace and consumer design applications. We go deep to make sure you get exactly what you require.

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This extensive product line, depth of experience, and broad part number stocking covers devices like relays, connectors, power supplies, fans, switches, circuit protection devices, passive components, filters and much more. And world-class brand availability includes well-known names like TE Connectivity, Omron Electronic Components, Weidmuller, Carlo Gavazzi, Fujitsu Components, Teledyne Relays, Wieland and many others.

MASTER ELECTRONICS

YOUR DEDICATED PARTNER IN SMART COMPONENT SOURCING!

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APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

We make certain your design and engineering creativity is not hindered by parts sourcing, now or in the future. In short, we help move your ideas from engineering to market.

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

Electromechanical relays (EMR) and Solid State Relays (SSR) have fundamental differences that need to be considered in any design. In order to help simplify the process of deciding on the appropriate technology, we’ve identified the principal pros and cons for each type of device. While not an exhaustive list, we’ve covered the most important ones for you, whether you’re an engineering or purchasing professional.

THE PROS AND THE CONS

POSITIVE POINTS (PRO) OF USING EMRS Electromechanical relays (EMR) are simple switching devices that have been around since their invention in 1835 for use in long distance telegraph circuits. They are rugged, uncomplicated, and elegant in their design. From a design engineering standpoint the PROS for using them in a product or system include the following: • • • • • • • • • •

APPLICATIONS

Lower initial cost vs. solid state – their uncomplicated design makes them efficient to produce.

Complete electrical isolation – no current leakage across the switching junction.

Able to tolerate high current & voltage transients – lots of protection for your circuit.

Insensitive to EMI/RFI – not affected by noisy circuits or electrical fields.

Higher open resistance due to air gap – no circuit current flows.

Lower closed resistance – physical contact ensures closed circuit.

Available with numerous poles/circuits (up to 8 or more) – versatile use from one device.

Many configurations available – helps to reduce component count.

Multiple package & feature options – to match your device requirements.

Typical failure mode is open – easy to troubleshoot.

NEGATIVE POINTS (CON) OF USING EMRS A technology and a product that has been around for over 180 years, however, is bound to have some engineering downsides. The CONS of using EMRs in your design include: • • • • • • • •

Higher control (coil) power consumption than SSRs – EMRs need more of a kick to actuate.

Contact arcing – over time can cause pitting and eventual open/short failure in your device.

Corrosion, oxidation or contaminates can degrade contacts – can lead to open/short failure.

Contact bounce possible – shock and vibration can affect circuit integrity.

Generate EMI/RFI – not good in noise intolerant systems or devices.

Can be orientation sensitive – installation orientation may affect performance on some devices.

Magnetic field sensitivity – performance of some devices can be degraded by external magnetic fields.

Subject to mechanical degradation – residual magnetism or internal component flexing and stretching can reduce performance over time.

• Potential higher overall cost over equipment life – maintenance and repair must be considered.

• Can be noisy – can generate physical noise (60 Hz “hum”, contact closure “click”, etc.).

FUNDAMENTALS

LINE CARD

RELAYS 101

SUPPLIERS INFO

SELECTING A RELAY

ELECTROMECHANICAL VS. SOLID STATE RELAYS:

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ABOUT US

POSITIVE POINTS (PRO) OF USING SSRS

EMR VS. SSR CHART

Solid State Relays (SSR) were invented in 1972 by Crydom engineers. For almost 50 years they have proven their worth in electrical and electronic circuits. The design PROS for using them include:

SELECTING A RELAY

• Substantially longer life vs mechanical – with no moving parts, little degradation over lifespan.

• Low control power consumption – compatible with most IC logic families without the need of buffers or drivers.

• Faster on/off cycling – more operations per given timeframe.

• Very fine proportional output control – match power output precisely to your needs.

• No contact arcing – safer for hazardous environments.

• No contact bounce – less problem with digital circuits.

• Not orientation sensitive – fewer errors at installation or replacement.

• Not affected by shock and vibration – solid state means no moving parts to break or disengage.

• Not affected by external magnetic fields - can be used in environments with magnetic noise.

• Less electromechanical interference than EMRs – reduced effect on surrounding components.

• Silent operation – no moving parts to produce noise, no 60Hz “hum”.

• Many functions in a single package – can reduce component count on the board.

• Potentially lower overall cost over lifetime – no moving parts means less repair or replacement.

SUPPLIERS INFO

NEGATIVE POINTS (CON) OF USING SSRS Despite the fact that, by definition, SSRs have no moving parts to wear out or break, they do have their downsides when used in a circuit. The CONS for using SSRs are:

LINE CARD FUNDAMENTALS

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APPLICATIONS

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RELAYS 101

• Higher initial cost than mechanical – more complicated to produce translates into higher cost at acquisition; may require extra heat dissipation components.

• Generate more heat than mechanical – heat generated by semiconductor switching elements must be dissipated or parameters can be affected.

• Current rating may be degraded based on ambient temperature – junction temperature must be kept within operating limits for proper operation.

• Voltage or current transients can cause damage or affect operation – unplanned switching can be caused by transients.

• Susceptible to EMI/RFI – noisy circuits can affect operation.

• Lower off state resistance – lower ability to withstand momentary overload.

• Higher on state resistance - higher threshold current needed to energize.

• Most are single pole/circuit (some available with up to 4).

• Normally Closed/ON function has limited availability.

• Changeover form/circuit not supported.

• Most typical failure mode is Shorted/Closed.

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

PRODUCT INFO

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

TERMSERIES Modular relay module series in terminal block design with a wide range of accessories.

SUPPLIERS INFO

SELECTING A RELAY

• Various relay module output versions: SPDT 6A and 10A and DPDT 8A • Various solid-state relay module output versions, SPST up to 5A DC • Unique multi-voltage input: 24...230V AC/DC • Screw and tension clamp connection sockets • Approvals: cULus, DNV-GL, EAC, optionally: cULus C1Div2

TERMSERIES Interface Adapters

RELAYS 101

Plug and play solution in combination with TERMSERIES relay modules and preassembled interface cables reduces wiring time between control and interface level.

• Control solenoids, valves and contactors • Decoupling PLC outputs and inputs • Signal adaption between control and interface level • Automation control panels • Cartridge and band heaters • LED lamps

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RIDERSERIES Industrial general purpose relay modules for use in various industrial applications.

• SPDT up to QPDT versions available • Switching currents from 6A up to 16A • Versions with test button • Screw and PUSH IN connection sockets • Complete mounted KITs available • Approvals: cURus, CSA, DNV-GL, EAC

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KEY PRODUCTS TRS 24VDC 1CO: • SPDT 6A (6.4 mm width) • 24V DC control voltage • cULus, DNV-GL, EAC TRS 24-230VUC 1CO: • SPDT 6A (6.4 mm width) • 24...230V AC/DC control voltage • cULus, DNV-GL, EAC TRS 120VAC RC 2CO: • DPDT 8A (12.8 mm width) • 120V AC control voltage • cULus, DNV-GL, EAC TRS 24VDC 1CO C1D2: • SPDT 6A (6.4 mm width) • 24V DC control voltage • cULus C1Div2, EAC

• Control solenoids, valves and contactors • Decoupling PLC outputs and inputs • Signal adaption between control and interface level • Automation control panels

TIA F10: • for 8 channels PLC interfaces • 10 pole flat cable connector

• Control solenoids, valves and contactors • Decoupling PLC outputs and inputs • Signal adaption between control and interface level • Automation control panels • Cartridge and band heaters • LED lamps

RCI484S15 • DPDT 8A • 115V AC control voltage • With test button

• For input and output installation on TERMSERIES relay modules • Plus and minus switching logic in one device • Pre-assembled interface cables for various PLC´s • Approvals: cULus, DNV-GL

FUNDAMENTALS APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS

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TIAL F20: • for 16 channels PLC interfaces • 20 pole flat cable connector

RCM570L24 • QPDT 6A • 24V DC control voltage • With test button RCIKIT 24VDC 2CO LD/PB • Complete mounted KIT • DPDT 8A • 24V DC control voltage • With test button

• SPDT up to QPDT versions available • Switching currents from 5A up to 16A • Special versions for high voltage DC loads • Versions with test button • Screw and PUSH IN connection sockets • Complete mounted KITs available • Approvals: cURus, EAC

TERMOPTO High compact solid-state relays in terminal block design for easy decoupling of digital signals.

• SPST up to 4A DC • Integrated protection circuits of input and output • Screw and PUSH IN connection sockets • Approvals: cULus, EAC

• Decoupling PLC outputs and inputs • Automation control panels • Signal adaption between control and interface level

TOS 24VDC/24VDC 4A • SPST 4A DC • 24V DC control voltage • Screw connection

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ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

DRI424024LTD • DPDT 5A • 24V DC control voltage • With test button

SELECTING A RELAY

Industrial general purpose relay modules for use in various industrial applications.

• Control solenoids, valves and contactors • Decoupling PLC outputs and inputs • Duplicating of control signals • Automation control panels • Cartridge and band heaters

RCIKIT 24VDC 2CO LD/FG • Complete mounted KIT • DPDT 8A forcibly guided • 24V DC control voltage

DRH173024LT • DPST 16A at 24V DC • Blow out magnet • 24V DC control voltage • With test button

SUPPLIERS INFO

D-SERIES

RCI42424FG • DPDT 8A forcibly guided • 24V DC control voltage

DRMKIT 24VDC 4CO LD/PB • Complete mounted KIT • QPDT 5A • 24V DC control voltage • With test button

RELAYS 101

• DPDT 6A forcibly guided • Screw and tension clamp wire connection sockets • Complete mounted KITs available • Approvals: cURus, EAC

• Safe remote monitoring of switching contacts • Switching of safety related signals in the segments machinery, elevator, windmill and transportation

TOP 120VAC/48VDC 0.5A • SPST 0.5A DC • 120V AC control voltage • PUSH IN connection

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Relay modules with forcibly guided contacts for use in industrial safety applications.

KEY PRODUCTS

TOS 24VDC/230VAC 0.1A • SPST 0.1A AC • 24V DC control voltage • Screw connection

FUNDAMENTALS

RIDERSERIES FG

APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

ABOUT US

PRODUCT INFO

EMR VS. SSR CHART

A solid state relay (SSR) is an electronic device that switches loads on or off when an external voltage is applied to its control terminals. An SSR’s lack of moving parts allows it to switch much faster than electromechanical relays, while avoiding the creation of electrical arcs. They also don’t emit that pesky click-clack noise typically heard with electromechanical relays. Because SSRs have no moving parts or contacts that can wear out, they last much longer and require less maintenance than electromechanical relays.

SELECTING A RELAY

SSRs SOLVE APPLICATIONS IN ALL TYPE OF INDUSTRIES: When silent, fast switching is required, you’ll typically find SSRs in any number of industries, including: Plastics Packaging & Printing Food and Beverage HVAC

• • • •

Semiconductor Oil and Gas Laboratory Kilns & Ovens

• • • •

Lighting Medical & Pharmaceutical Motion Control Energy & Power

SUPPLIERS INFO

• • • •

Carlo Gavazzi provides six different types of solid state switching devices, and you’ll find their four most popular types on the next page. From the below sine wave charts, you can see how the device will switch the output, based upon the input, and the various available switching types.

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

LINE CARD

RELAYS 101

THE OPTIMIZED SSR SWITCHING TYPE FOR YOUR VARIOUS TYPES OF LOADS

TECH TIPS FOR PROPERLY SELECTING A SOLID STATE RELAY As a courtesy to Master Electronics and the readers of their Relay Guide, Carlo Gavazzi is providing a means to download their white paper TECH TIPS: PROPERLY

SELECTING A SOLID STATE RELAY

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are typically mounted to flat surfaces, the back panels of electrical enclosures, or (in the case of larger sized electrical loads), to a properly sized heat sink.

ABOUT US

RF1A Series Compact 1-phase Zero Switching SSR, rated up to 25AAC

EMR VS. SSR CHART

Panel Mount Solid State Relays

KEY PRODUCTS /BASIC SPECS

RM1A Series 1-phase Zero Switching SSR, rated up to 100AAC RD Series DC Switching SSR, rated up to 5ADC RK2D Series 2-pole Zero Switching SSR, rated up to 75AAC per pole

RGC1A Series 1- Phase Zero Switching SSRs and Contactors, available in several different physical sizes, and provided with or without cooling fans, these devices are rated up to 85AAC or 15 Hp

Three Phase Solid State Relays and Contactors which provide the

RGC2A Series 3-Phase Zero Switching SSRs and Contactors, 2-pole switching, rated up to 75AAC or 25 Hp per pole

option of switching two of three phases, or all three. MOV and snubber protection are standard. They are cUL approved with resistive load output ratings as well as motor (Hp) ratings.

Analog Switching Solid State Relays are single phase devices that

provide proportional outputs, controlled by their proportional analog input.

RGC3A Series 3-Phase Zero Switching SSRs and Contactors, 3-pole switching, rated up to 65AAC or 25 Hp per pole

FUNDAMENTALS

of use, as they have an integrated heat sink. There is no need to size heat sinks or apply silicone grease to the back of the SSR, the user just takes it out of the box, snaps it on to DIN rail, and wires it up. Devices come with resistive load output ratings as well as motor load (Hp) ratings.

SUPPLIERS INFO

Single Phase Solid State Relays and Contactors are designed for ease

state relays available on the market, regardless of manufacturer.

RELAYS 101

RHS Series Comprehensive offering of chassis mount or DIN rail mount heat sinks for one or two single phase SSRs or one three phase SSR

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Heat Sinks are designed for most solid

SELECTING A RELAY

RZ3A Series 3-phase Zero Switching SSR, rated up to 75AAC

RM1E Series 1-Phase Chassis Mount Analog Switching SSRs, are controlled by 4-20mA or 0-10VDC, with outputs rated up to 100AAC. RGC1P Series 1-Phase Analog Switching SSRs with integrated heat sink provides five different switching modes. These devices are controlled by 4-20mA, 0-5VDC, 1-5VDC or 0-10VDC, with outputs rated up to 63AAC

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APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

For over 80 years, Omron Electronic Components has been a leading manufacturer and provider of advanced electronic components. Extensive product groups include relays, switches, connectors and a variety of sensors such as Facial Recognition, Seismic, Photomicrosensors, Environment Sensing, MEMS Flow, Pressure and Thermal Sensors. Omron Electronic Components is the Americas subsidiary of Omron Corporation, a $7 billion global leading supplier of electronics and control system components and services. Omron’s broad product offering can be found in applications for the communications, transportation, HVAC, appliance, industrial automation, consumer electronics, test and measurement, and gaming markets around the world.

EMR VS. SSR CHART

ABOUT US

PRODUCT INFO

SUPPLIERS INFO

SELECTING A RELAY

NEWEST RELAY RELEASES G3VM CR/FR MOSFET Relays DIP 8 Package High Capacity 3A (6A) /1.5A (3A) High Load Voltage (100V/200V) High Temperature +110° C

G3VM QR S-VSON MOSFET Relays Super Small Package S-VSON/(L) 1.3(H) x 1.45(W) x 2.0(L), High Ambient Temperature: -40 to +110° C High Switching Current and Low CxR Models

High Frequency Relay 8GHz Band G6K-2F-RF-V Insertion loss <= 3 dB at 8 GHz Miniaturized to 11.7 × 7.9 × 7.1 mm (L × W × H) Low coil power consumption 100 mW

G5RL PCB Power Relay High-Inrush model available (up to 100 A) Low Noise models available (Approx.

10 to 20 dB less sound pressure than standard G5RL-Series Relays) TV8 Rating models available (TV8 for UL standard), 117A Inrush

RELAYS 101

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

Low Signal Relays

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

LINE CARD

High Reliability Miniature Relays for low level current switching, up to 2A; PCB and SMT Terminations, Low Power Consumption, Latching models available

G3VM MOSFET Relays Wide product selection in DIP, SOP, SSOP, USOP,VSON and SVSON packages with low ON-resistance, low Off-state capacitance and high Dielectric Strength

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APPLICATIONS • • • • •

Telecom & Datacom Test & Measurement HVAC Security Devices Industrial Machinery

• Test & Measurement Devices • Security Systems • Broadband Systems • Industrial Equipment • Battery Powered Equipment • Amusement Machines

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KEY PRODUCTS G6K • Small DPDT Relay • 1A@30VDC • 2A(carry) • 0.3A@125VAC G6S • DPDT Relay • 2A@30VDC • 0.5A@125VAC G6J-Y • Ultra-small • Slim DPDT Relay • 0.3A@125VAC • 1A@30VDC

G3VM • General Purpose • Ultrasensitive • Ultra Small • Current-Limiting • 1 form A • 1B and 1A1B contacts • High Voltage & High Dielectric strength models

circuit. Superior inrush-withstand performance and long-life

Automotive Relays Automotive Relays in PCB

Precautions for all automotive relays

High Frequency Relays Miniature DPDT High Frequency Relays for Differential Transmission

G9EJ-1-E • 15A@400VDC • SPST-NO • PCB/ Tab#250 • Small • Lightweight G9EN • 60A@400VDC • SPST-NO • Screw Terminals • Small

• • • • • •

Agricultural Vehicles Construction Vehicles Recreational Vehicles Passenger Cars Trucks Buses

G8HE • Plug-in Micro ISO • SPST/SPDT • Unsealed • 120A switching • 35A carry

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IC Testers Network Analyzers Oscilloscopes Signal Generators Mobile Phone Base Stations

G6K-2F-RF-V • 8GHz type G6K-2F-RF-T • 3GHz type G6K-2F-RF/2P-RF • 1GHz, SMD and THT

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ABOUT US

•

EV Charger Fuel Cell HEV/EV Car Home Energy Storage System Capacitors (Relay for High Voltage Interruption) Electric Forklift

EMR VS. SSR CHART

• • • • •

SELECTING A RELAY

Interrupts high voltage/current loads; extinction of magnetic

G2RL • SPDT & DPDT • 8~16A@250VAC G5Q • SPDT • 10A@125VAC • New Models: 300K ops Long Life 40A Inrush G5NB • Slim SPST • Long Life • 7A@250VAC • 200mW coil

SUPPLIERS INFO

DC Power Relays

Building Automation Household Appliances Industrial Machinery Energy Systems HVAC Equipment Lighting Systems

RELAYS 101

Contacts 1 form A, 1C, 1A1B, 2A and 2C. Long Life and Glow Wire models

• • • • • •

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High switching capacity, unsealed,

KEY PRODUCTS

FUNDAMENTALS

Power PCB Relays

APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART SELECTING A RELAY SUPPLIERS INFO RELAYS 101 LINE CARD FUNDAMENTALS APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT INFO

KILOVAC EV200 SERIES CONTACTOR WITH 1 FORM X CONTACTS KILOVAC EV200 Series Contactor With 1 Form X Contacts Rated 500+ amps, 12-900 Vdc. Designed to be the smallest, lightest weight, lowest cost sealed contactor in the industry with its current rating (500+A carry, 2000A interrupt at 320 Vdc).

• • • •

Built-in coil economizer – only 1.7W hold power @ 12 Vdc Optional auxiliary contact for easy monitoring of power contact position.

Hermetically sealed Versatile coil/power connections

KILOVAC 900 VDC CONTACTOR - LEV100 SERIES Lowest cost, 900 Vdc 100 amp, hermetically sealed DC contactor in the industry.

Compact package available in side- or bottom-mount configurations, not position sensitive.

• Hermetically sealed — intrinsically safe. Operates in explosive/harsh environments without oxidation or contamination of contacts, including long periods of non-operation • 8kV isolation between open contacts permits use for high voltage isolation and carry • 2, 24 and 48 Vdc coils • Designed and built in accordance to AIAG QS9000 • Not position sensitive, can be mounted in any orientation • UL Recognized for the U.S. and Canada (File E208033). All contact ratings & coil versions may not be UL Recognized

KILOVAC 28-1800 VDC TRADITIONAL CONTACTORS - EV250 SERIES The EV250 is a general-purpose High Voltage Relay with blowout magnets.

This panel mount high voltage relay has 1 Form X (SPST-NO) contact and screw terminals. Hydrogen dielectric for power switching high current loads.

“Hammer effect” mechanism breaks light contact welds. Moving contact rotates to provide fresh contact surface for low contact resistance and low power consumption.

• • • •

EV250-1A & 1B 400 Amps CZONKA-II EVX Make & Break Load Switching EV250-2A & 2B 400 Amps CZONKA-II EVX Make & Break Load Switching 400A carry, 2,500A Interrupt @ 320 Vdc Suited for circuit protection, control, battery switching, and main power safety disconnect • Versatile power, voltage, and current operating range: 28-1800 Vdc tested • Hermetically “Supersealed” environment chamber uniquely protects ALL moving parts

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ABOUT US

CII M39016 MILITARY RELAYS

EMR VS. SSR CHART

Hermetically sealed relays, rated five amps or less, with optional terminals and mounting styles, designed for application in demanding conditions (extremes of temperature, shock, vibration, etc.).

• Hermetically sealed relays • Low Profile: Through hole, PC pin terminals, Non-latching polarized coil type • 1/2 Size High Performance: Up to 5 amps switching, Optional terminals & mounting

SELECTING A RELAY

PB T92 SERIES TWO-POLE 30A PCB OR PANEL MOUNT RELAY TE Connectivity’s T92 general purpose high power PCB relays series are a two-pole version of the T9 series. With 40A, 2 Form A (NO) and 2 Form C (CO) switching capability, it is designed to control compressor loads to 3.5 tons, 110LRA / 25.3FLA. Various mounting, termination and enclosure options permit design flexibility.

40A, 2 form A (NO) and 2 form C (CO) switching capability Designed to control compressor loads to 3.5 tons, 110LRA / 25.3FLA Meets requirements of UL 508 and UL 873 spacings Meets requirements of VDE 8mm spacing, 4kV dielectric coil-to-contact Meets requirements of UL Class F construction UL approved for 600VAC switching (1.5HP)

SUPPLIERS INFO

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RELAYS 101

P&B GENERAL PURPOSE PANEL PLUG-IN RELAY - KUP SERIES General Purpose, Industrial Relays. Typical Applications: Vending, Commercial sewing, Tool/die equipment, Robotics, Timers, Welding, HVAC, Medical and Power generators.

FUNDAMENTALS

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AC coils: 5-240 Vac, 50/60 Hz.; DC coils 6-110 Vdc Contact arrangements of 1 Form X, 1 to 3 Form A and 1 to 4 Form C Wide selection of termination and mounting styles PC terminals available Push-to-test button and indicator lamp options Sockets available for panel, DIN rail or PCB mounting

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APPLICATIONS

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ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART SELECTING A RELAY

QUESTIONS TO ASK

BEFORE YOU SOURCE A RELAY If you are at the beginning of the design cycle of a new product, or the re-work of an existing one, you have certain questions to ask, and answers to collect, about the components in your circuit or system. If one or more of the components in your design are relays, you usually concern yourself with things like load voltage ratings, type of voltage (AC or DC), load current rating, number of poles to be switched, etc.

But ultimately there are other questions that have to be asked, and more importantly answered, before you, or your procurement department, can move on in the relay sourcing process. Some of these questions are easy to answer, some not, but they all factor in to the specific relay components that will function correctly over time and deliver value to the end-user.

These questions concern not only the electrical specs of the product, but also the environment in which the product will function. We’ve huddled with our relay specialists here at Master Electronics to put together this suggested list of what needs to be answered.

SUPPLIERS INFO

1. Has the relay been tested in a real circuit with a real load?

RELAYS 101

5. Do the relay ratings meet the relevant international standards which apply to the application?

LINE CARD

Our Relay Specifying Qualifier Questions include (but may not be limited to) the following:

8. Has consideration been given to the effects of line voltage sag when selecting the relay, especially when the equipment incorporates or may be connected to the same circuit as heaters, motors, transformers, or other high in-rush current loads?

2. Has the relay been tested in the atmosphere in which it will be used?

3. Does it make design sense to specify a standard relay with more than the required number of contacts?

4. Has care been taken in the circuit design to ensure that the movement of the relay contacts is perpendicular to the direction of any vibration or shock in the final application?

6. Does the specified relay life match the life of the device in which it will be used?

7. Will the specified relay operate correctly when subjected to the shock and vibration expected to be present in the application or environment?

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

9. Have the relay contacts been tested or specified for reliability when used in systems with infrequent switching (<1 per month) or switching low level signals?

10. Has a relay been selected whose temperature rating is not exceeded by the ambient temperature of the installation?

11. Will the relay be used in an installation involving silicon-based or other corrosive substances (which may cause contact failure)?

12. Will the relay be used in a situation of high humidity, possibly causing condensation and subsequent deterioration of contact performance?

13. Will the relay be protected from oil or water splashes, or excessive airborne dust or dirt?

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14. Has consideration been given to relays placed near magnetic field sources, which may affect operation?

EMR VS. SSR CHART

15. Is the relay contact material composition appropriate for the type of load?

16. Has consideration been given to the relay type (particularly SSRs) when used in a circuit prone to arcing generated at a high frequency?

17. In the case of switching large DC current or high in-rush loads, has a relay been selected which has a contact composition resistant to material transfer?

18. Has the effect of DC relay coil resistance variations due to ambient temperature and internal heating been considered?

20. Has consideration been given for the effect of induction developing in long wire runs for control circuit and power lines?

21. When a latching relay is being used, will it be used in a circuit that initializes the relay to the required state whenever the power is turned on?

22. Is the coil circuit protected from malfunction when the relay is driven by transistors or ICs? 23. Can switching of the relay contacts, particularly with SSRs, synchronize with the phase of a non- power factorcorrected AC power source, causing possible problems?

Now, this list may be somewhat long, but it is not necessarily exhaustive. Depending on your relay application, there may be other questions you need to ask up front, but don’t even know about. The best advice is to reach out to the product experts at Master Electronics, describe your product, application, environment, expected life-cycle, etc., and get the answers you want and the relay products you need.

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Getting the right questions answered up front can save you countless hours of design time, needless weeks of re-work, and precious dollars in unplanned costs. As the experts say, do it right and you won’t have to do it over.

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APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

Relay usage in a typical electric vehicle application may seem straightforward, but critical questions on performance related to heat, moisture and vibration from the vehicle must be addressed.

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SELECTING A RELAY

19. Has attention been given when selecting relays for circuits where different voltages are applied between electrodes in a multi-pole relay (particularly when switching power supply circuits)?

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

FUJITSU RELAYS

Automotive, Signal, Power

Quality is the key word describing Fujitsu Components’ relays. The relay product range covers automotive, power, signal, and solid state relays. The relays are available in a wide range of variations such as slim line, ultra quiet and low power consumption. Through continued research and development Fujitsu keeps expanding its product range.

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

Automotive Relays • Automotive relays in PCB, Surface Mount, Through Hole Reflow Types • 25 Amp, 30 Amp and 60 Amp types available • Junction box, EPS, motor, lamp/capacitor, solenoid

APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • •

Passenger Cars Recreational Vehicles Construction Vehicles Trucks Buses Power Windows Power Steering Door Locks Wiper W/W

FBR53-HW • 1 Form U (Form A) • 40 Amp • Sealed, PCB type • PCB and Through Hole ReflowTypes FBR59-HW • 1 Form U (Form A) • 60 Amp (for 12 volt car battery) • PCB and Through Hole Reflow Types • Sealed type

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FTR-G1 • 1 Form C, 25 Amp type • Low noise

DC Switching Relays /EV Applications • High Voltage DC Switching • Arc Suppression • High Inrush

FUNDAMENTALS APPLICATIONS

KEY PRODUCTS

FBR56-HW • 1 Form C, SPDT • 60 Amp (for 12 volt car battery) • PCB and Through Hole Reflow Types • Sealed type

RELAYS 101

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PRODUCT INFO

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• • • •

EV Charger HEV/EV Automobiles Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Charge and Discharge of Power Storage Systems • High Voltage DC Load Control Systems

FTR-E1 • 1 Form A (1 Form X) • 450VDC - 20/30A High Voltage DC load switching • Low Coil Power Consumption • Plastic Sealed FTR-E3 • 1 Form A • 450VDC - 150 A High Voltage DC load switching • Low Coil Power Consumption • Plastic Sealed

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FTR-B3 • DPDT Relay • 1 Amp, 30 VDC / 0.5 Amp, 125 VAC • 2 Amp Carry Current FTR-B4 • DPDT Slim Profile Relay • 1 Amp, 30 VDC / 0.5 Amp, 125 VAC • 2 Amp Carry Current FTR-C1 • DPDT Relay • High Isolation / Wide Contact Gap 0.6mm • 1 Amp, 30 VDC / 0.3 Amp, 125 VAC • 2 Amp Carry Current FTR-C2 • DPDT Relay • High Isolation / Wide Contact Gap 2.0mm • 1 Amp, 30 VDC / 0.3 Amp, 125 VAC • 2 Amp Carry Current

• High switching capacity types available • Contact options 1A, 1C, 2A and 2C types • Sealed and Flux Free types

• • • • • •

HVAC Security Industrial Applications Building Automation Power Supplies Sequences, FA Equipment • Lighting

FTR-K1-HC • High Capacity, 20 Amp • 1 Form A, 1 Form C, Flux Tight type • Low Profile

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Power Relays

FTR-K1 • 16 Amp, 1 Form A, 1 Form C types • Low Profile, Flux Tight type • Industry Standard Footprint

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FTR-MY • 1 Form A, 5 Amp Slim Power Relay • PLC, I/O Module Inverter Controls JS • 8 Amp, 1 Form A, 1 Form C types • Low Profile, Plastic Sealed • UL Class B

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FTR-F3-5A • 1 Form A, 3 Amp / 5 Amp • TV-3 / TV-5 types available • Plastic Sealed

FUNDAMENTALS

FTR-K3 • 1 Form A, 20 Amp • 25 Amp, 32 Amp types available • Wide Contact Gap types available / 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm • Flux Free type JY • 1 Form A type, 3 Amp and 5 Amp available • Low Profile, Plastic Sealed • Socket available

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EMR VS. SSR CHART

• High reliable miniature relays for low level switching up to 2 Amps • PCB and Surface Mount types available • Latching types available

• Telecom/Datacom • Test & Measurement Equipment • Security • HVAC

KEY PRODUCTS

SELECTING A RELAY

Signal Relays

APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

NEW PRODUCTS 2019 • Non-Latching SPDT • DC – 18 GHz • Signal Integrity up to 40 Gbps • Low Insertion Loss & VSWR, High Isolation Applications: Test Equipment, Medical Devices • DC – 60GHz • Signal Integrity up to 40+ Gbps • Low Insertion Loss • Compact 1mm x 1mm Package • Radiation Tolerant up to 100 Krads Applications: Test Equipment, 5G Systems

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PRODUCT INFO

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

RF & Signal Integrity

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• SPDT and DPDT, Latching, Non-Latching • From DC up to 18GHz • Signal Integrity up to 40+ Gbps • Low Insertion Loss & VSWR, High Isolation • Surface and Through-Hole Mountable

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

Established Reliability & Military

APPLICATIONS • High Temperature • Shock • Vibration Environments (Oil Exploration, Vehicles)

• Military Vehicles • Equipment

• SPDT and DPDT, Latching, Non-Latching • MIL-PRF-28776 & 39016 Qualified • Broad Temperature Range • Through-Hole Mount

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AC Military SSR • MIL-PRF 28750 Qualified • Hermetic and Non-Hermetic Packaging • MSL1 and MSL6 Ratings • Up to 250Vac 10A • Short-Circuit Protection Available

DC Industrial SSR • DC Heating, Lighting and Motor Control • Up to 1,400 Vdc 100A • DC and AC control

AC Industrial SSR • Single Phase, 3-Phase • AC Heating, Lighting and Motor Control • Up to 690Vac 125A • Zero Cross & Random Switching • DC an AC control

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ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART SELECTING A RELAY

• MIL-PRF 28750 Qualified • Hermetic and Non-Hermetic Packaging • MSL1 and MSL6 Ratings • Up to 250Vdc 20A • Short-Circuit Protection Available

• Military Vehicles • Equipment Requiring Extended Cycle-Life

• Military Vehicles • Equipment Requiring Extended Cycle-Life

SUPPLIERS INFO

DC Military SSR

RELAYS 101

High Temperatures up to 200°C High Shock up to 4000 g’s High Vibration up to 380 g’s 200Hz SPDT and DPDT, Latching, NonLatching • Through-Hole Mountable

• Industrial DC Heating • Lighting • Motor Control

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• • • •

• High Temperature • Shock • Vibration Environments (oil and gas exploration)

• Industrial AC Heating • Lighting • Motor Control

FUNDAMENTALS

High Performance

APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

THE RELAY YOU NEED Designing electrical and electronic systems and subsystems, either for a dedicated system or for production, is equal parts art and engineering. The creativity leading up to the engineering is arguably the fun part. But the engineering of your system or subsystem is what makes your product or system function, perform well, and do what it’s supposed to do throughout its design lifetime. That’s why engineering is critical.

This criticality reaches down to the selection of components and how they fit – either stand-alone or on a manufactured board. Attention to the specifications of individual components is crucial to product performance, lifecycle, and safety.

Selection of a component that carries out a simple function, and has been around forever, is no less crucial, as is the case with relays. Choosing or operating a relay outside of its specifications can not only lead to product or systems failure, but also to serious safety considerations for operator personnel.

With each of the two basic types of relays available: electromechanical (EMR) and solid state (SSR), you go through a related qualification process. For SSRs, however, the number of steps is a bit longer.

When selecting either an EMR or an SSR, the initial steps include: 1. Identify the mounting type. Do you need a panel mount for a stationary electrical system, DIN Rail for an equipment rail inside an enclosure, Plug-in for ease of replacement, or PCB for ease of manufacture?

2. Next you need to identify the required load voltage rating and type. What is the maximum voltage to be switched (AC or DC)?

SUPPLIERS INFO

SELECTING A RELAY

THE STEPS TO SELECTING

3. Third step is to identify the required load current rating, including the average load current, (current that the system is drawing over a period of time), and the surge (or in-rush) current, which is the maximum current draw of a device when first powered-on (or any sudden rise in current for a short period of time above rated or normal value).

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

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4. Decide on the required control voltage and type. Either AC or DC and the control voltage range.

Steps 1 through 4 above are the same whether you are planning on using an EMR or an SSR. The final step to take if you are using an EMR, is: 5. Identify the required circuit/switching arrangement. Decide on the number of poles or circuits to be switched, and whether it is a normally open, normally closed or changeover switching configuration.

Once you’ve determined the parameters of the device needed, you can identify an EMR that matches your maximum load range, maximum surge current, load type, control voltage, type and mounting requirements.

Now, if you plan on using an SSR, you’ll need to follow two additional steps, which include: 1. Identify the load type. Decide between an inductive (Random Turn-on SSR), or a resistive (Zero Crossing SSR).

2. Identify the type of SSR required for your application. Decide between standard, or special application: phase angle control, burst fire control, or soft start capability.

Once you’ve decided on these additional parameters for the SSR you need, you can identify one that matches your maximum load voltage, maximum surge current, load type, control voltage, type and mounting requirements.

At this point, for an application using an SSR, you will also have to determine the amount of heat that needs to be dissipated from the device and select a suitable thermal management solution to make sure the parameters of the device are not affected by heat build-up from resistance.

Keeping these steps in mind can help you navigate the process of selecting a relay for your design. You can make the process even easier by reaching out for assistance to the qualified technical personnel at a professional franchised distributor.

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ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART

MASTER RELAY LINE CARD

D

IDEC Corporation IXYS Integrated Circuits/Clare

K Kilovac/TE Connectivity

L Line Electric Lovato Electric

Deltrol Controls

M

E

MEC Relays Midtex/TE Connectivity

E-T-A

F Fuji Electric Fujitsu Components

G Gentron Gordos

N NEC Relays NTE Electronics

O OEG/TE Connectivity Omron Electronics Omron Industrial

Schneider Electric Schrack/TE Sensata / Crydom Siemens Energy Solid State Optronics Song Chuan Sprecher+Schuh Stancor Standex Electronics Struthers Dunn Symcom

SUPPLIERS INFO

I

S

RELAYS 101

Carlo Gavazzi CII Technology/TE Connectivity CIT Relays & Switch Coto Technology Curtis Instruments (Albright) Cynergy3

Hartmann/TE Connectivity Hasco-Relay Honeywell HongFa

Panasonic Electric Potter & Brumfield/TE

T Teledyne Coaxial Products Teledyne Military SSRs Teledyne Relays

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C

H

P

W Wago Weidmuller White Rodgers Wieland Electric Wilmar/TE World Products

FUNDAMENTALS

ABB Agastat/TE Connectivity Aleph America Altech Corp Altran Magnetics American Zettler Amperite Automatic Timing & Controls (NCC) Axicom/TE Connectivity

Grayhill Guardian Electric

Z Zettler Magnetics

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APPLICATIONS

A

SELECTING A RELAY

MASTER HAS YOUR RELAYS, CONTACTORS, SOCKETS/BASES, MATING CONNECTORS AND TERMINALS, DIN RAIL, AND MORE!

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART SELECTING A RELAY SUPPLIERS INFO

Wieland Electric GmbH is a medium-sized, family-owned company in the electrical and electronics industry, and is headquartered in Bamberg, Germany. The Wieland company, which celebrated its 100-year anniversary in 2010, is among the pioneers in electrical connection technology. The internationally aligned family company, market leader in the area of pluggable installation technology for buildings, maintains worldwide subsidiaries. In addition to the production lines in Bamberg, there are also production units in the Czech Republic and China. Wieland Holding, to which STOCKO Contact GmbH & Co. KG has also belonged since 1998, is represented in over 70 countries, and includes about 2,200 employees.

WIELAND FOR MULTI-PURPOSE RELAYS Our various interface relay lines of products offer multiple-industries a comprehensive catalog of dependable, flexible and durable assets that are sure to enhance your future products. Whenever power flows and signals are processed, relay products from Wieland Electric demonstrate their unique strengths. From solid state and timer relays to safety and general purpose relays, Wieland is sure to have the solution for you.

WHY TRUST WIELAND RELAYS?

Factory-produced Extremely Durable Precision Monitoring Energy Efficient

   

Modular Higher Uptimes Lower Maintenance Quick Switching

 Flexible  Exceptional Cost Savings  Easy Installation  Multi-voltages

LOGISTICS, CONVEYING & INDUSTRIAL There are few industries that offer such great potential for savings and productivity improvement as material handling systems that rely on dependable relays for maximum up-time. From logistics and conveying to more traditional industrial applications, our relays are time-tested for the most demanding environments.

IN THE CONTROL CABINET At the heart of any electrical process is the control cabinet, this is where Wieland relays truly shine. With their flexible, modular approach and a comprehensive line of products that can be adapted for your specific needs, Wieland is position to provide you with control cabinet solutions that will truly enhance the installation process.

FUNDAMENTALS APPLICATIONS

   

WIELAND RELAYS IN ACTION

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BUILDING, RESIDENTIAL & CORPORATE As the market leader for pluggable installation technology in buildings, commercial, residential and corporate, Wieland partners depend on our relay series to ensure that our tried and true plugand-play principal happens at every step of the process, from initial planning through to the last installation and testing.

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Timer Relays Electronic Timer Relays are perfectly suited for standard monitoring and control tasks, to control process operations to the nearest second.

Solid State Relays These solid-state semiconductor relays are suitable for wear-free switching at lower capacities.

They offer potential-free switching and are even available in modular pluggable version for frequent switching.

General Purpose Relays General purpose power relays from Wieland are power, economical and come in a range of configurations. Stocked in common pole count and coil voltages, these are workhouses you can depend on.

Machine Building Building Automation Lighting HVAC Energy Technology Logistics Oil & Gas Construction

• SNO/SNA/SNT (General Purpose) • SVM/SNS (Standstill Monitors) • SNE (Contact Expansion) • SNZ (Two Hand Controllers)

• • • • • •

Machine Building Building Automation Lighting HVAC Energy Technology Logistics

• Flare TIME • Flare CONTROL • SNV (Timed Safety Relays)

• • • • • • • •

Machine Building Building Automation Lighting HVAC Energy Technology Logistics Oil & Gas Construction

• Flare • Flare MOVE

• • • • • •

Machine Building Building Automation Lighting HVAC Energy Technology Logistics

• • • •

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• • • • • • • •

SELECTING A RELAY

EMR VS. SSR CHART

• Flare MOVE • Flare • SNO

SUPPLIERS INFO

Our safety relays offer flexible, dependable and durable electromechanical safety relays for general purpose, standstill monitors, contact expansions & two hand controllers to ensure safety is at the forefront.

Machine Building Building Automation Lighting HVAC Energy Technology Logistics

RELAYS 101

Safety Relays

• • • • • •

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Dependable medium electromechanical power relays with DIN rail compatibility. Ensure your next project exceeds its power-relay requirements, these dynamic relays are dependable in all environments.

KEY PRODUCTS/LINES

Flare 1PDT Flare 2PDT Flare 3PDT Flare 4PDT

FUNDAMENTALS

Medium Power Relays

APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS

PRODUCT LINE/DESCRIPTION

ABOUT US EMR VS. SSR CHART SELECTING A RELAY SUPPLIERS INFO RELAYS 101

BACK TO THE BASICS WHAT THEY ARE Relays are devices, controlled by an electrical signal, that open or close electrical contacts, allowing electricity to be switched either on or off in a circuit. They can be either energized and latched, or de-energized and unlatched. Simply put, ON or OFF. In their basic engineering, relays are elegantly simple. They contain an electromagnet, some electrical contacts, an armature that can be controlled by a magnetic field, and a spring. The spring holds the armature in place. The electromagnet attracts the armature when a current is applied. The movement of the armature closes a set of contacts and current flows in the circuit. This allows a relay to control a high-current electrical load with a low-current electrical signal. This quality makes them useful for safely controlling power from a distance, and in a wide variety of devices and systems.

When a relay is normally open (NO), there is an open contact and the relay is not energized. When the contacts are normally closed (NC), there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized.

This pretty much describes the functional part of a relay that you can see and measure. Contacts opening and closing, current flowing, devices energized or not. At a more detailed level, however, other things are happening that can have impact on the performance of the circuit in which the relay is used.

When the relay is off, or not energized, the contacts are open, and no current flows. As the control current increases, the relay begins to move through its inactive phase. As the control current continues to increase, the relay moves into an inactive/active phase, causing it to uncontrollably cut on or off, or “bounce”. Finally, increasing control current moves it into the active phase, with closed contacts and current flowing.

A similar process happens when the control current decreases, moving the relay from the active state to both active and inactive, or “dropout” state. Again, “bounce” can occur at this point. Finally it moves to the inactive or “restored state”.

This entire process takes just milliseconds, but the contact bounce that occurs can cause arcing, surges can flow through the circuit upon contact, and downgrade or breakdown in circuit performance can occur.

Despite this, relays are relatively robust devices that can be designed to operate dependably in a range of applications and environments. Their fundamentals and performance characteristics are well known and can be accounted for in overall system design.

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UNDERSTANDING RELAYS

Source: Teledyne Relays

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Relays also support a broad range of signal characteristics, from low to high voltage and current, and from DC to GHz frequencies. This makes it relatively easy to specify a relay with signal characteristics that match your system needs. The isolation of drive circuitry from the contacts, and the contacts from one another, also make relays ideal when galvanic isolation is required.

WHAT KIND OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE TODAY? There are two broad types of relays: Electromechanical Relays (EMR), and Solid State Relays (SSR). Each of these types of relays have several subsets to fit particular applications.

EMRs work via the physical movement of internal components and are open or closed by a magnetic force when a current is applied.

EMR VS. SSR CHART

In devices that consume a lot of power, and that would normally require an extensive amount of wire to operate, a relay can be used with a single low-power wire to control the on/off electrical flow. In fact, since the circuit powering the relay is physically separated from the circuit powering the device, relays are commonly used where it’s impossible to have a direct connection between the control circuit and the output device, either because of risk to the equipment or the safety of the operator.

SELECTING A RELAY

BENEFITS OF RELAYS

General Purpose Relays are simply electromechanical switches that operate with AC or DC current, usually 12V – 230V, and control currents from 2 amps to 30amps.

•

Machine Control Relays are heavy duty devices used to control starters and large industrial components. They are more durable than general purpose relays and can easily be combined with accessories to expand their functionality to include timing, latching control and transient noise suppression.

•

Latching Relays have two states. They are set either ON or reset OFF by the input of voltage. The relay maintains this set or reset condition until it receives the next inverting voltage signal.

•

Reed Relays are so-named because they consist of two reeds, hermetically sealed in glass to make them immune to contaminants, humidity or fumes. They are normally small, compact and fast operating with one contact (NO). In operation, the ends of the contact are closed by a magnetic force. Typically used to switch industrial components like starter motors, solenoids and contactors, reed relays are usually compact and fast operating.

SSR types include the following: •

Zero-Switching Relays turn ON the load when the control voltage is applied and the voltage of the load is close to zero. They turn OFF the load when the control voltage is removed.

•

Instant ON Relays turn the load ON as soon as the pickup voltage is applied.

•

Peak Switching Relays turn the load ON when the control voltage is applied and the voltage of the load is at its peak. They turn the load OFF when the control voltage is removed and the current in the load is close to zero.

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APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

SSRs are electronic switches that operate with no moving parts. They consist of an input circuit, a control circuit and an output circuit. SSRs accomplish the coupling between the input and output circuits via a control circuit, which is activated when a voltage higher than the relays specified pickup voltage is applied to the relays input. The relay is deactivated when the voltage applied is less than the specified dropout voltage. Common SSR voltage ranges are 3VDC to 32VDC, making them useful for electronic circuits.

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•

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EMR types include the following:

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Analog Switching Relays have a circuit that controls the amount of output voltage as a function of the input voltage. This allows an infinite number of possible output voltages within the rated range of the relay. These relays turn OFF when the control voltage is removed and the load current is near zero.

•

Optically Coupled Relays accomplish current switching in response to the on or off state of a light source (usually an LED). They are faster than electromagnetic relays and provide isolation between the control & power circuits.

RELAY RATINGS AND CONFIGURATION Configuration is dependent on the number of things the relay can control simultaneously. With just one input and one output it is a simple on/off switch, or single throw. For two outputs, there are two throws. Pole and throw information is designated like this:

Relay contacts are either normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC), depending on the state that exists when no power is applied.

APPLICATIONS

FUNDAMENTALS

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SELECTING A RELAY

Relay ratings indicate how much power can safely be switched through the relay. The rating is expressed as either AC or DC and usually given in terms of amperes. Amp levels must be as large as the rating of the target device.

SUPPLIERS INFO

EMR VS. SSR CHART

•

• • • •

Single pole, single throw: SPST Double pole, double throw: DPDT Three pole, double throw: 3PDT Single pole, three throw: SP3T

COMMON RELAY APPLICATIONS As you can see, a relay is a rather simple device that performs a very useful function, leading to a diversity of uses across products and markets. All relays operate in the same basic way, but a range of types exist to match selected applications, mountings and environments.

Relays are widely used to switch devices like heating elements, starter coils, alarms, pilot lights and motors, where switching speed is not of the highest concern. High power relays are used in electric vehicles and other transportation platforms. Relays can also control the maximum current and voltage that can go through the armature and contacts, the number of armatures used, the number of contacts used, and whether the contact is normally open or closed.

Modern relays are used in areas ranging from consumer electronics and home appliances to autos and transportation.

They are employed in process control systems, from small to large. They function as motor controls and motor protection devices. They help control systems from as small as automatic garage door openers to large electric power systems.

They have aerospace, defense and marine applications as well as in emergency standby power systems.

Collections of relays, as binary actuators, were used in the very first computers to execute Boolean (logic) gates. Even with this long history, it is difficult to imagine a modern product or system in which power is being directed or controlled that doesn’t use some type of relay.

CHANGES IN RELAY TECHNOLOGY The application of semiconductor technology in the relay sector has been the biggest driver of change over the past 10 years, utilizing smart power solutions in SSRs to reliably deliver high current. Digital technology has also allowed many more relay functions to be incorporated in a single hardware package. Plus, the spread of LED technology has led to improvements in optically coupled small signal solutions.

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 2019 Harsh Environment Design Resource

 2018 Relay Guide

 2019 Switch Guide

 2018 Industrial Design Resource

 2019 Buyer Guide

 2019 Relay Guide

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APPLICATIONS

 2018 Panel Builder Line Card

FUNDAMENTALS

POWER ELECTRONICS GUIDE SENSORS GUIDE

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ABOUT US

THE PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS YOU NEED,

FROM PEOPLE WHO CARE

RELAYS 101

Master Electronics is a leading global authorized distributor of electronic components. For more than half a century, our family-owned company has remained focused on strong relationships, responsive service and added value. This is how Master Electronics has grown to serve hundreds of thousands of customers in partnership with hundreds of world-class suppliers.

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Inspired by our founder’s vision for building a business around personal bonds and integrity, we embrace visionary thinking and prioritize the end goal over short-term wins. Our people are empowered to make real-time decisions and place the needs of our customers above all. Master Electronics thrives on collaborating with our customers and suppliers to design creative solutions to their purchasing, supply chain and business challenges. Our experience, speed and flexibility let us adapt and innovate, which allows companies to bring their visions to life.

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