Fall 2012 Vargens Riode Janeiro

VARGENS: THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE

THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE

VARGENS,

VARGENS, THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM 2012-2013 “One Year, One City,” Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Fall Semester

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The students would like to thank the Taubman College faculty and other visiting critics who have contributed to this project with their intellectual guidance.

UM Faculty Critics David Bieri, Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning Craig Borum, Professor of Architecture Suzanne Lanyi Charles, Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning McClain Clutter, Assistant Professor of Architecture Kit McCullough, Lecturer in Architecture Robert Fishman, Professor of Architecture and Urban and Regional Planning Paul Fontaine, Lecturer in Urban Planning Lars Graebner, Professor in Practice of Architecture Douglas Kelbaugh, Professor of Architecture El-Hadi Jazairy, Assistant Professor of Architecture Jen Maigret, Assistant Professor of Architecture Roy Strickland, Professor of Architecture Geoffrey Thün, Associate Professor of Architecture Kathy Velikov, Assistant Professor of Architecture Claudia Wigger, Lecturer in Architecture Visiting Critics Gabriel Duarte, Campo AUD, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Georgeen Theodore, Interboro Partners. New Jersey Institute of Technology Mona El Khafif, CCA URBANlab, San Francisco Marshall Brown, IIT, Chicago

Publication Editors

Chi-An Wu, Jia Weng, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Dongye Liu, Shuqi He

Instructor María Arquero de Alarcón, Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urban Planning Students & Authors Timothy Bevins Cesar Simborth Escudero Justin Garrison Shuqi He

Siyu Lei Yu-Hsiang Lin Dongye Liu Pei Liu

Sneha Lohotekar Jia Weng Chi-An Wu

A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Mónica Ponce De León, Dean Milton Curry, Associate Dean & Director of Post-Professional Degrees John McMorrough, Architecture Chair

TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 04 05 06

COURSE STRUCTURE- STUDENTS COLLABORATIONS..................006 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................008 METROPOLITAN MAPPING: TRANSIT AS SPINE.............................012 SITE ANALYSIS..................................................................................030 PRECEDENT STUDIES......................................................................042 DESIGN PROPOSALS.........................................................................064

TEAM: THE EXCHANGE.....................................................................066

Environmental Infrastructures...................................080

Timothy Bevins Cultural Catalyst.........................................................086 Justin Garrison Multi-Interligcao.........................................................092 Cesar Simborth Escudero Recreation Anchor.......................................................098 Shuqi He Community Life..........................................................104 Sneha Lohotekar

TEAM: THE BELT...............................................................................112

The Green Corridor......................................................128

Jia Weng Live-Work District.......................................................136 Dongye Liu

Recreation Waterfront Belt........................................144 Yu-Hsiang Lin

Central Market Place..................................................150 Pei Liu

The Downtown Gateway..............................................156 Chi-An Wu

COURSE STRUCTURE Students

Metropolitan Mapping

Site Analysis

Timothy John Bevins Los Angeles, California B.S. in Biological Anthropology M. UP

Transoeste

Cad File Physical Model

56 km, 74 stations

Cesar Simborth Escudero Peru B. Arch Justin Ray Garrison Austin, Texas B. S. in Architecture M. Arch Shuqi He Guangdong, China B. Arch

Planning Regulations Codes

Siyu Lei Henan, China B. Arch Yu-Hsiang Lin Taipei, Taiwan B. Arch

Transcarioca

39 km, 43 stations

Dongye Liu Jilin, China B. Arch

Environmental/ Geomorphological/ Infrastructural/ Geopolitical information

Pei Liu Beijing, China B. Arch Sneha Lohotekar Pune, India B. Arch Jia Weng Beijing, China B. Arch Chi-An Wu Taipei, Taiwan B. Arch

Transolimpica 25 km, 16 stations

Historical Analysis Socioeconomic Analysis Public/private Developments

STUDENTS’ COLLABORATIONS Precedent Study

Group Proposal

Individual Proposal

Group 1

T’Hool Eindhoven

Novartis Campus Basel

Timothy John Bevins

Environmental Infrastructures Group 2

Eastern Harbour District Borneo-Sporenburg, Amsterdam

Cesar Simborth Escudero

Multi-Interligacao

The Exchange

Columbia University Development Plans

Justin Ray Garrison

Cultural Catalyst Shuqi He

Recreation Anchor

New York

Sneha Lohotekar

Group 3

Community Life

Tianjin Eco City China

Orestadt and the Finger Plan Copenhaguen

Science & Technology Park East Baltimore, MD

Yu-Hsiang Lin

Recreational Waterfront Belt Group 4

Dongye Liu

University Park, MIT

Live-Work District

Cambridge, MA

Haveneiland and Pampus Ijburg, Amsterdam

The Belt

Pei Liu

Central Market Place Jia Weng

The Green Corridor Chi-An Wu Group 5

Songdo

South Korea

Hafen City Hamburg

The Downtown Gateway

INTRODUCTION

VARGENS, THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE The 2012 fall semester urban design studio continues the focus research on Rio de Janeiro, the second most populated urban area in Brazil, and a city of growing national and continental importance. Selected to host the 2016 Olympics and some events in the 2014 World Cup, Rio de Janeiro is being transformed through massive investments to modernize and expand obsolete urban infrastructures, respond to the shortage of urban services, and improve security across the urban geography. Beyond these investments, the emergent geopolitical significance of Rio de Janeiro in the South American continent revolves around a robust and diversified economy, including the thriving oil sector tied to the discovery of massive off shore oil fields nearby.

Fostered by the optimism of this booming economy, Rio’s population projections estimate a steady increase in the next decades. As a consequence, the city fabric will continue to expand on undeveloped and protected land to house a growing number of new-comers in a market with chronic shortage of residential options. The design challenges emerging from these dynamics require innovative approaches to better balance the demands of growth with landscape protection and resource conservation.

The studio structure encourages the use of innovative approaches to traditional urbanization mechanisms— urban infrastructure, blocks, parcels, and building typologies— and the deployment of an extended repertoire of urban design elements and ecological strategies pertinent to the site. The dynamic collaboration among students facilitates the development of responses at multiple geographic and temporal scales, incorporating cultural and social concerns and process-based dynamics of development in a site with high ecological value and multiple infrastructural constraints in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

9

INTRODUCTION

The testing site for the studio is the Vargens, in the southwest of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and adjacent to the area master planned by Lucio Costa in the late 1960s. The area is a key ecological piece in the transition from the National Park of Pedra Branca (one of the biggest urban forests in the world), and the sea front ecological system formed by the Chico Mendes Park and the Lagoa de Marapendi.

The Vargens is already set for development as defined by the PEU, a municipal planning regulatory framework with highly flexible rules for developers and very vague environmental constraints. Guided by a market-driven approach, and capitalizing on a sense of urgency to respond to housing scarcity, new residential developments are popping out in the area in a piecemeal fashion. This lack of a cohesive structure in the strategy of development of the Vargens threatens the ecological value of the central wetlands in the landscape matrix connecting Pedra Branca and the sea front.

1 The second semester of the Urban Design Studio sequence “focuses on the planning and design of sustainable physical environments anchored by a residential component as a catalyst of vibrant urban life�.

(Left) Images from the site showcasing the patterns of land development.

Building on the curricular structure of the Masters of Urban Design1, the studio speculates on the design opportunities emerging from these dynamics to serve a diverse population through the development of inclusive urbanization frameworks.

The semester is structured around different exercises, including mappings on the site connections at the metropolitan scale, research and analysis of existing site conditions (observation), diagnosis (assessment of those), and design development engaging the cultural and ecological dimensions of place (synthesis). The two final team schemes include: (1) studies on land use strategies, urban blocks and building typologies, with an emphasis on the residential component; (2) programmatic and performative considerations in the design of open public spaces; (3) site integration in the metropolitan infrastructural systems, and strategies for the protection of the site ecological balance; (4) individual design proposals for the selected areas of focus in each scheme; and (5) stakeholder identification and implementation strategies.

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TRANSIT AS SPINE

METROPOLITAN CONTEXT

Santa Cruz

Terminal Campo Grande

Termina

With 708 kilometers of Bus Rapid Transit [BRT] corridors in 30 cities with nearly 10 million daily passengers, Brazil is and historically has been Latin America’s leader in public transit.

14

Estacao Aeroporto Internacional

Pavuna

Deodoro

Central Vicente de Carvalho

Botafogo

Curicica

Alvorada

Ipanema

al Transolimpica

BRT line Metro Brasil avenue Railway Airport Terminal station Transfer station

Rio de Janeiro - a city rooted in innovative transportation initiatives - is carrying the country’s transportation momentum forward with the implementation of an expansive BRT network connecting much of the city’s densest areas as well as sites projected for future growth.

15

METROPOLITAN CONTEXT RIO DE JANEIRO AND THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT The BRT system, which is already running in Barra da Tijuca, is slated to be fully operational in time for the city’s hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games. Composed of three intersecting routesTransCarioca, TransOeste and TransOlimpica- the completed network will stretch 120 kilometers and feature 133 stations and be integrated to the region’s bus, rail and metro systems. Much of the system’s alignment is strategically located to promote Transit Oriented Development along designated future growth areas, ushering in a new era of mobility in the rapidly growing metropolis.

transoeste BRT line

16

transcarioca BRT line

transolimpica BRT line

17

BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES

Transcarioca

TRANSCARIOCA BRT LINE UNFOLDED 39 kilometers, 45 stops

Transcarioca - Unfold

Estacao Aeroporto Internacional

il as br e. av

B

Estacao International Airport

Estacao Olaria Integracao Madureira

I

Length Recrea Station

Curicica Alvorada

Length: 38.04km Stations: 41

Terminal Alvorada

Undeveloped

Infrastructur

The TransCarioca line covers 39 kilometers and is the only line which runs in the transverse direction of the city, reducing travel time between Barra da Tajuca and the International Airport more than 60%. The route passes through the dense neighborhoods of Madureira and Penha and most importantly connects the main Olympic sites with the International Airport.

TransCarioca is surrounded by large scale retail and recreational developments near Barra da Tajuca, wholesale commercial near Madureira and Penhe and institutional establishments near the airport. km 0.5 1.5 00 miles 0.5

18

Protected

5.0

1.5

km 0.5 1.5 00 miles 0.5

1.5

11.87

18.16

19.94

19

Detail section A

17.00

Railway

Madureira

Campinoho

Menezes Pinto Teles

Albano Praca Seca

Pc. Araci Cabral Tanque

04

19.14

18.16

17.42

Estacao International Airport

Estacao

10

16.26

15.70

14.02

13.52

Andre Rocha Taquara Mal. Bevilaqua

Merck

Gusmao Lobo

Arroio Pavuna Schering

Praca do Bandolim

Pedro Correia Rio II

Autodromo

Hospital Sarah

Polo Cine e Video

Via Parque

03

38.04

35.64

Estacao Cidade Universityl

09

12.44 12.87

11.87

11.21

Estacao Avenida Brasil

08

10.34

Highway I BR9.31 101

Estacao Olaria

Alvorada

Unfolding the line: land use and other adjacencies

Lourenco Jorge

02

33.01

31.38

8.91

07

Railway I Estacao8.11 Olaria

7.26

6.68

Caja Terminal Penha

Guapore

Pedro Taques

Vicente de Carvalho Aquidauana Lafaiete

Marambaia

Otavoano Vila Queiroz Vaz Lobo

Mercadao

Madureira

Campinoho

Menezes Pinto Teles

Albano Praca Seca

Pc. Araci Cabral Tanque

Andre Rocha Taquara Mal. Bevilaqua

Merck

Gusmao Lobo

Arroio Pavuna Schering

Praca do Bandolim

05 06 BRT Stations

29.52

27.29 27.82

5.72

4.85

Infrastructure intersection

26.39

d open space

3.72

Autodromo

01

25.51

Infrastructure

2.22 Metro I Line 2

Public

22.73

Industrial

Avenue I Americas central

Retail

Pedro Correia Rio II

Residential

23.48 23.96 24.51

km

Public

1.00

0.00

Water

20.73 21.31 21.80

Railway Railway

d open space

19.14

Alvorada Infrastructure

17.00

Commercial

Hospital Sarah

04

17.42

Industrial

15.70

Retail

Polo Cine e Video

03

16.26

h: 38.04km ational space ns: 41

14.02

13.52

Residential

Via Parque

02

12.44 12.87

Commercial

Alvorada

BRT Stations

Lourenco Jorge Estacao International Airport

11.21

10.34

9.31

8.91

8.11

7.26

6.68

5.72

4.85

3.72

Avenue I Americas central 01

2.22

1.00

5.0

km

re intersection

0.00

a - Unfold 05

Recreational space

Protected open space

Undeveloped open space

Water

BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSCARIOCA SECTIONAL INDEX

A

20

Transcarioca stops and their urban context Estacao Avenda Brasil figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

32.1%

19.8%

48.2%

figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

23.2%

33.2%

43.6%

aerial photo

Madureira aerial photo

Captitao Menezes figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

39.9%

11.7%

48.4%

aerial photo

Term. Alvoroda figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

25.2%

17.2%

66.1%

21

aerial photo

BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOLYMPICA BRT LINE UNFOLDED 25 kilometers, 16 stops

Curicica

Terminal Transolimpica

The 25 kilometer Transolimpica BRT route traverses central Rio from north to south, stretching from the regional rail network’s Deodoro station to its terminus near Lagoa de Marapendi linking up with the TransOeste route. Much of the route transverses what is now relatively low density residential and agricultural landscapes. The northern terminus however is dominated by expansive military installations and barracks.

The TransOlimpica corridor runs across Rio’s difficult terrain ,which it negotiates with a nearly 4 kilometer tunnel.

22

Detail section A

Train I Suburban

Retail

Public

Industrial

Infrastructure

Open space

Protected open space

ca

m Undeveloped open space

Water

Detail section B

23 Duque de Caxias Deodoro

Hospital Militar

Major Dreon

08

25.36

24.84

23.79

22.96

Magahaes Bastos

07

21.86

06

Marechal Fontineli

05

19.98

13.42

Taquara

Commercial

14.90

Residential

Colonia Juliano Moreira Ipadu

BRT Stations

13.97

Andre Rocha

Waypoints

04

11.94

BRT I TransCarioca

03

11.20

BRT I TransCarioca

Curicica

Centro Olimpico

02

7.63

5.59

Rio Centro 1

CBF

01

4.55

BRT I TransOeste

Infrastructure intersection

1.84

km

Deodoro

0.00

Unfolding the line: land use and other adjacencies 09

BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOLYMPICA SECTIONAL INDEX A

B

24

Transolympica and their urban context Deodero figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

26.4%

26.2%

49.5%

aerial photo

Terminal Transolimpica figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

11.7%

17.4%

70.9%

aerial photo

Estação Curicica figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

23.1%

11.2%

65.7%

25

aerial photo

BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOESTE BRT LINE UNFOLDED

Transoeste - Unfold

56 kilometers, 74 stops

ec am

ina

da

The 56 kilometer long TransOeste corridor plays a large role in mobility and the future development of Barra da Tijuca. Located along Barra’s main thoroughfare, Avenida das Americas, the line originates in the district’s historic center and stretches northwest towards the Santa Cruz neighborhood and train station.

The route traverses a variety of characteristics, shifting between high density residential and commercial uses to rural neighborhoods and unbuilt fields and wetlands. ed em ilth gu

do

on

m

uz nta cr

Santa Cruz

sa av. de

Terminal Campo Grande Estacao Ferroviaria Campo

Protec

Un

Infrastructu

estr. ver. alceu de carvalho

dre pa es tr.

ro

i te

tr. es

atriz

m estr. da

km 0.5 1.5 00 miles 0.5

5.0 1.5

Terminal Jd. Oceanico

Term. Alvorada

26

Public

Industrial

Infrastructure

Recreational

cted open space

ndeveloped land

Water

Santa Cruz General Olimpio

Transolimpica

899A, 897A, Transcarioca

27

Detail section A

Detail section B

Rio Metro, linha 4

J. Oceanico

Citta America

09

44.79

43.31

Porto Dos Cabritos

Le monde Barra Square Pao De Acucar 41.40 41.89

08

42.55

Parque Das Rosas 40.09

07

40.74

Alvorada Barra Shopping

06

Bosque De Barra

Santa Monica Jardins America's Park Novo Leblon

05

38.17 38.75 39.31

36.03 36.53 37.03

Golfe Olimpico Riomar 35.07

Interlagos

34.46

33.58

Pedra De Itauna

Salvador Allende

32.36

Gelson Fonseca

30.91

Pontoes Barra Sul

Guignard

04

31.70

Glaucio Gil

29.53 30.24

Recreio Shopping

28.83

28.83

Notre Dame Recanto Das Garcas

24.31 24.91

Guiomar Novaes

Dom Bosco

23.41

Gilka Machado Nova Barra Bemvindo De Novaes

Pontal

22.75

03

27.19 27.70 28.20

Ilha De Guaratiba

20.22

02

26.56

Magarca

Pingo D'agua

Vendas De Varanda

Santa Veridiana

01

10.58

7.45

5.62

3.60

Curral Falso

Retail

Gestao Rangel Cajueiros

Commercial

2.86

Residential

1.66 2.23 896A

Train

BRT Stations

8.45

km

ure intersection

0.00

Unfolding the line: land use and other adjacencies 10

BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOESTE SECTIONAL INDEX A

B

28

Transoeste stops and their urban context Terminal Jardim Oceânico figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

17.9%

32.8%

49.3%

aerial photo

Estação Santa Cruz figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

23.5%

15.9%

60.6%

aerial photo

Estação Novo Leblon figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

29.1%

15.0%

55.9%

aerial photo

Estação Gestao Rangel figure ground

streets

unbuilt area

30.5%

10.0%

59.5%

29

aerial photo

SITE ANALYSIS

Schools

ppl/Ha ppl/Ha

Vargem Pequena Vargem Grande

8

Barra

Recreio 1859 Students Enrolled

ppl/Ha

42 8 VARGENS THE 12 1 DEMOGRAPHICS Population Density Density Population 42 Vargem Grande 12 1 Growth Rate in resident 8 population Area: 3,938.038 Ha Recreio

ppl/Ha ppl/Ha

PopulationVargem Density Grande

Vargem Grande 749 Students Enrolled Recreio

Schools

Vargem Pequena

ppl/Ha ppl/Ha ppl/Ha ppl/Ha Population

Camorim Vargem Grande Vargem Pequena

55.6%

55.6 % 55.6 % 55.6 % 55.6 %

Camorim Copacabana

carepagua Barra Recreio arra arra da da Tajuca Tajuca

rraCopacabana da Tajuca

ppl/Ha

Barra Camorim Copacabana

81 1

ppl/Ha

pacabana Copacabana Barra da Tajuca Barra

Jacarepagua

o de oCopacabana de Janerio Janerio

Jacarepagua

Age Destribution Vargem VargemGrande Grande Vargem Grande

10994 Students Enrolled

Vargem Pequena BarraVargem da Tajuca Grande

ppl/Ha Barra ppl/Ha ppl/Ha

10994 Students Enrolled

Area: 3,065.562 Ha Vargem Pequena Recreio Vargem Pequena Recreio Copacabana 3462 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha Population: 37,572 ppl/Ha Density: >8 inh/Ha Barra Recreio 10994 Students Enrolled Vargem Pequena Population: ppl/Ha (14,039) ppl/Ha Camorim ppl/Ha Camorim Recreio ppl/Ha 885.991 Ha ppl/Ha

Recreio Recreio 1859 Enrolled Vargem Grande 1859 Students Students Enrolled

749 Students Enrolled Vargem Grande Recreio 1859 Students Enrolled

Recreio Recreio

Vargem1859 Grande Students Enrolled

Vargem Vargem Pequena Pequena Recreio 3462 Students Enrolled Enrolled 3462 Students

Camorim 1859 Students Enrolled Area: Vargem Pequena Population: 786 10994 Students Enrolled Recreio Vargem Grande 3462 Students Enrolled Rio de Janerio ppl/Ha Camorim Barra Barra Density: >1.12inh/ha Vargem Pequena Population: (14,039) 3462 Students Enrolled Barra

Copacabana 9.1% Rio de Janerio

Barra Camorim

ppl/Ha

Area: Population: Copacabana Density: Barra Population:

Barra Copacabana Copacabana

-5.2%

17.3%

Rio de Janerio

ppl/Ha Barra

Camorim

Rio de Janerio Copacabana de Janerio

42 42 Vargem Pequena 42 12 12 55.6 % 42 Recreio dos 12 8 Bandeirantes 8 12 81 Camorin 81 1 1 Barra de Tijuca

H 12 3 H 42i

5 5 4212i 5 3.5 1 3.5 53 1251

a popula populatio Peque Grande workin

Copacabana

4,815.063 Ha 92.233 >5.2inh/Ha (14,039)

Ho

ppl/H

in

populatio averag workin Pequena V

749 Students Enrolled 749 Students Enrolled Vargem Grande Vargem Pequena Vargem Grande Schools Population Density 3462 Students Enrolled Barra Vargem Grande Area: 1,443.829 Ha ppl/Ha Barra Recreio 749 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha 10994 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha ppl/Ha Students Enrolled 11,563 Vargem Grande ppl/Ha Vargem Grande1859Population: Vargem Vargem Grande Vargem Pequena PequenaVargem Density:Pequena >12 inh/HaAge Destribution 3462 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha 749 Students Enrolled Population: ppl/Ha (14,039) Vargem Pequena

Copacabana

Jacarepagua

Barra da Tajuca Jacarepagua opacabana opacabana

8 12 1

38.5 % 1 to 19 years

acarepagua acarepagua

1859 Students Enrolled Schools Density Vargem Pequena Vargem GrandeEnrolled 3462 Students Age Destribution Population: 9,306 Vargem Grande 749 Students Enrolled Barra ppl/Ha Density: ppl/Ha > 42 inh/Ha Schools Population Density Recreio 1859 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha Vargem Grande Grande Population: (14,039) (as of 2010) ppl/Ha Vargem

Barra

Barra Recreio Camorim Vargem Pequena

Schools

Schools Barra Population Density

3462 Students Enrolled

7.4 % 20 to 24 years

n

Barra da Tajuca

Recreio

Recreio

popula Grand Growth in w popula since 199 Peque

Vargem Grande

749 Students Enrolled

5

42 12 55

Household Size Age Destribution

Vargem Grande

ppl/Ha

p Growth sinceP1 popula Grande

Barra Vargem AgeGrande Destribution

1859 Students Enrolled

ppl/Ha

Recreio Camorim Vargem Pequena

1 55 42

Household Size

38.5 % 1 to 19 years38.5 % 1 to 19 years 25 to% 3920years 7.4 to 24 years7.4 % 20 to 24 years 38.5 % 1 to 19 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 25 to 39 years 25 to 39 years 7.4 % 20 to 24 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 10.0 % above 60 years 25 to 39 years 10.0 % above 60 years 10.0 % above 60 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 38.5 % 1 to 19 years 10.0 % above 60 years 7.4 % 20 to 24 years 25 to 39 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 10.0 % above 60 years

4212

Population Density

V

s averag s incom ppl/H

B 53 3.5 11

workingVp

8

B

incom average schoolf

Age Des Agesector Des ppl/Ha

11 53

Ba Age

school sector income m

1 11%

Age Des ppl/Ha

schooling Age D sector

Barra

Barra Barra Vargem Pequena

10994 Students Students Enrolled Enrolled 10994 3462 Students Enrolled

Barra 10994 Students Enrolled

Varge Varge

V

Copacabana Barra 10994 Students Enrolled

Vargem

Barra Copacabana

32

10994 Students Enrolled

Var

THE SITE The area known as “Baixada de Jacarepagua” in Rio de Janeiro, was until the last third of the past century, a spectacular wild scape composed of swamps, wetlands framed by the Tijuca’s mountain chain -“Macizo de Tijuca”. However the blooming city’s economy, massive migration processes and rapid urban growth put enormous pressure in the area.

In the 1970’s, Brazilian famous architect Lucio Costa was commissioned by the city of Rio de Janeiro to masterplan a first pilot for the “Baixada”, envisioning it as a new urban centrality, the “hearth” of Rio facing the Atlantic. A linear 20 Kilometers development with high rise residential cores every kilometer, equipped with retail an amenities in a “zig zag” secondary grid, a new city center, and a preservation area containing wetlands, watersheds, pastures and an important biodiversity called Vargens-Camorim.

Nowadays, the city’s thriving economy, an unsatisfied demand for 240,000 residential units, and an everyday stronger and more “influential” real estate industry, have put this area in the development plans of the city. Resulting in the special site regulation called PEU 104, which rather than considering the ecological conditions and functions of the remaining local ecosystems, have responded almost exclusively to the needs of the city’s real estate market.

Vargens is located in the southern expansion zone of Rio de Janeiro, near Barra de Tijuca and the future 2016 Olympic Village, 40 kilometers far from downtown Rio de Janeiro. It occupies an area of 51.4 square kilometers, almost the same size as Manhattan. The maps in this section detail the Vargem area’s current characteristics. 36% of the site is urbanized, with 22% found in the consolidated area, and 6% in non-consolidated areas. 3% of the developed lands are favelas and the remaining 3% are in cultivated fields. The current transportation network is heavily car oriented, which leads to 200 meter-long urban blocks and streets.

33

PLAN PILOTO FOR BARRA DE TIJUCA

BY LUCIO COSTA

Plan plot - Lucio Costa

News reports about Barra

Original model

Original neighborhood plan

The plan comprised of a cohesive study of the past growth of the city and projects the future expansion. It established this region as the node that completes the circuit of development of the city by connecting Madureira and Penha to the core city. It proposed two sub centers of Sernam be Tiba, on the west and Barra on the east with high-rise residential along with public amenities. Further the plan proposed residential nuclei at every kilometer, along the Avenue da Brazil with 34

small retail activity. The public amenities were located on the opposite side and are connected by diagonal road network. This is intermediately intersected by pedestrian pathways. The main center, located on the road connecting Barra to Madurera, was further divided into 16 blocks. The central blocks consist of high rise buildings, 200m, while the peripheral blocks constitute of low rise development.

35

SITE ANALYSIS

EXISTING ROAD CONDITION

Vergen location

Main Road Secondary Road Distributor Road Path

Existing road network

The primary road in Vargems is Avenida das Americas, which defines the southern edge of the site and features the Transoeste BRT line. A secondary road named Estr. dos Bandeirantes winds along the northern edge of the site, following the topography of the foothills. These high volume roads are connected by two distributer roads named Estr. Ver. Alceu de Carvalho and Estr.Benvindo de Novais. Excluding these four roads, much of Vargem’s existing transportation network contains unconnected paths exclusively serving a specific development, and often dead end into wetlands.

36

EXISTING BUILDING TYPOLOGY RESIDENTIAL 4 stories / medium density

8 stories / low density

2 - 13 stories / low density

RETAIL type01, park centered

open space

type02, building centered

parking

frontage

type03, isolated

fence

type 04, continuous

gate

100m x 100m frame

37

SITE ANALYSIS GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS AND CURRENT URBANIZATION

Land cover map

c

c

Ground geological condition

38

Dense forest

alternative sandbank

banana

Media forest

marsh

grove

Initial forest

outcrop with vegatation

scars of collespe

Altered forest

outcrop without vegatation

multi-family

Sandbank/tree/flood

pastagem

uni-family

Sandbank/tree/shrub

degration mangrove

chacaroa us itio

Sandbank/tree/earth

water

favela

c

Soil map

Rio

Mo

rto

MACICO DA PEDRA BRANCA

rtelo

do Po

Canal do Sernanbetiba

Canal

Canal

Canal

rtado

do Co

chas

das Ta

reio ia Rec

Pra

antes andeir

dos B

Urbanization map comersial/service

area of loan

other use mix-used

Consolidated

irregular alotment

Non- intergrated

marela line

Favelas

industrial

Aquaculture

embankment exposed soil quarry

39

SITE ANALYSIS

ZONING REGULATION

Vargens, Camorim, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguรก

40

PROJECTO DE ESTRUCTURAÇÃO URBANA(PEU)

41

PRECEDENT STUDIES

IJBURG AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLAND CURRENT ISLANDS

Ijmeer bay

haveneiland (harbour island) haveneiland oost haveneiland west

PROPOSED ISLANDS buiteneiland (outer Island) middeneiland (middle Island) strandeiland (beach Island) centrumeiland (centre Island)

steigereiland (jetty island) rieteiland (reed islands) groot rieteiland kleine rieteiland rieteilanden rieteiland oost

As a part of Amsterdam’s urban waterfront development plan created in 1985, Ijburg island’s design intends to dyke in and reclaim Ijmeer bay with the aim to create a new urban extension. The design is derived from an 1965 linear city expansion plan and converted into a loosely arranged archipelago. Ijburg consists of six islands ranging in size, block size, building typology and land use. The arbitrary shape and composition of the islands is contrasted with the structured grid organizing each island. Within the islands, the basis of the plan is a superimposed urban grid which does not impose a certain look but allows for a balance between order and randomness, cohesion and variation.

44

PRECEDENT STUDIES

175m

100m

80m

KEY street parking private backyards canal

80

m

0m

10

25 meters Typical block plan B (175m x 70-90m) thickening

Axon view of partial block lengthening

dividing

45

UNIVERSITY PARK CAMBRIDGE, USA

Harvard

MIT Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston University

Longwood Medical Area

Developer | Forest City Science + Technology Master Plan | Koetter, Kim + Associates Site Area | 10.9 ha Built Space | 214,000 m2 Green Space | 2.8 ha 670 residential units 350 bed hotel 4,000 jobs

MIT’s University Park is situated in one of the US’s major BioTech hubs. The site’s advanced labs and office spaces are complemented with residential and retail spaces as well as nearby subway and bus stops all within a walkable and bikeable city.

46

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Land Use

Open Space [access]

institutional commercial I commercial II mixed use residential I residential II industrial parking public accessible restricted

47

HAFEN CITY HAMBURG, GERMANY

Housing Sector 1

Capitalizing on visuals

Housing Sector 2

Blocks disposition

Private open space

Hafen is located in the “river city” of Hamburg, featured by its diversity of waterfronts going from the most idyllic character, to historic, elegant, and contemporary, being the Elbe, one the city’s main structuring component. Hamburg’s port, the third most important and busy in Europe is one of the main connectors with Asia. Having created in the area, a highly internationally recognized attractive location for the International business community, aviation industry , leading shipping, logistics and IT corporations which have been establishing headquarters in the area. Hamburg has in the past years, been relocating some industrial and harbour activities, therefore creating space for urban development. It is in one of this opportunities that “Hafen” is born.

48

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Buildings

Green System

Streets 49

NOVARTIS CAMPUS BASEL, SWITZERLAND

Architect 1. Diener + Diener 2. Peter Märkli 3. SANAA 4. Marco Serra 5. Adolf Krischanitz 6. Studio di Architettura 7. José Rafael Moneo Vallés 8. Frank O. Gehry

9. Tadao Ando 10. Fumihko Maki 11. David 12. Yoshio 13. Souto de Moura 14. Álvaro Siza 15. Herzog & de Meuron 16. Juan Navarro 17. Rem Koolhaas

Novartis is transforming the Basel St. Johann industrial complex, including research and production facilities, office buildings and the international headquarters, into a stateof-the-art research, development and management center.

Founded on a flexible master plan with long-term goals, a Campus of knowledge and innovation will be developed.

50

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Forum entrance path building waterfront

Physic Garden

Arboretum

The Hanging Garden

Piazzetta

The Park

plan

building

open space

roads

circulation

landuse

frontage

51

green

EASTERN HARBOUR DISTRICT AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND

This is an urban regeneration project which involves the conversion of the eastern harbour district in Amsterdam into a residential district. The district is built on an idea of recreating traditional Dutch neighborhood and also making use of the water as a designated open space.

The study focuses on the Borneo Sporenburg islands which are majority low-rise residential with two high-rise towers accommodating the social housing component. The housing is undertaken by a variety of architects guided by a set of rules and regulations which generates interesting variation in the housing typology.

52

PRECEDENT STUDIES

high rise low rise

built - high rise / low rise

public private public

open - public / private public

vehicular pedestrian

circulation - pedestrian / vehicular

53

BALTIMORE TECHONOLOGY PARK BALTIMORE, USA

Sponsor- Johns Hopkins University Total development cost - $1.8(billion) Implementation - 10 years Area - 0.37 sq. km

Office/research - 0.19 sq. km Retail - 0.007 sq. km Jobs - 4000-6000 Residential units - 1500

The goal of this project is to revitalize and stabilize East Baltimore by generating job opportunities, creating improved housing conditions and serving as a catalyst for economic development for the neighborhood Through the creation of a campus-like setting through out the neighborhood, state and city share incentives to enable the scale of development occur. The life sciences center will be funded through a combination of public and private funds.

The public sector (state and municipal) has also committed to improving the site’s infrastructure, and the philanthropic support will support a wide variety of initiatives on site.

54

PRECEDENT STUDIES

55

SINO-SINGAPORE TIANJIN ECO-CITY TIANJING, CHINA

The project develops an“economically sustainable, socially harmonious, environmentally friendly and resource-conserving” city which will become a “model eco and low carbon city replicable by other cities in China”.

The Chinese local authority responsible for the overall implementation and coordination of the project is the SinoSingapore Tianjin Eco-City Administrative Committee (SSTECAC).

The Eco-city is planned to be collected, with a good mix of land uses and based on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles.

56

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Concept “1 Axis” – this generates the Eco-valley cutting across the Eco-city, which is the green spine of the city. It links up the City Centre, the 2 sub-centres and the 4 districts in the Ecocity, and provides a scenic trail for pedestrians and cyclists.

“3 Centres” – this indicates the main City Centre on the promontory on the south bank of the Old Ji Canal and the two sub-centres in the south and the north.

“4 Districts” – this refers to the residential districts in the southern, central, northern and north-eastern parts of the Ecocity. Each district contains several housing neighbourhoods with a variety of housing types, as well as their respective commercial and amenity centres serving their communities.

Residential Mixed use Commercial Cultrural Public infrustructure Hospital Eco green Public green Industry

FAR≤0.8 0.8≤FAR≤1.2 1.2≤FAR≤1.6 1.6≤FAR≤2.5 2.5≤FAR≤4.0 FAR>4.0

57

NEW SONGDO CITY SONGDO, SOUTH KOREA

Project size: 572 ha(5.72km2)

Mixed-used Residential: 30.8 ha

Residents: 65,000

Green Space: 208.7 ha

Multi-dwelling Housing: 76.8 ha

Bike Path: 24.6 Kilometers

Neighborhood Amenities: 11.4 ha

Roads: 40 kilometers

International Business: 53.7 ha

Canal: 4 kilometers

Commercial: 4.68ha

SONGDO is planned to be built in ten years. The plan incorporates

varied scales of streets, multiple tree types, building densities, zoning use, and open space configuration. The

vitality of urban condition arises from the variety of experiences that a city offers to its inhabitants.

58

PRECEDENT STUDIES

na

km

Ca

0.8

ls tre

et

no

rth

Incheon Airport

Seoul

S Ce l ra

nt

l

rk

pa n ca al

rk Pa

Ca

na

ls tre

e

et

nu

so

ut

h

ave

Transportation center

b

Incheon subway Water taxi Bike lane Pedestrian zone Extended pedestrian zone Transportation area

hospital semi-residential

office mix-used

residential block

retail mix-used private school central commercial

government center residential mixed-use

residential type one

culture center park+landscape

residential mix-used retail mix-used private school

natural green convention center

semi-residential

residential mix-used

residential type one residential type two

residential block golf course

nature green

59

central commercial

THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PLAN NEW YORK CITY, USA

The plan includes more than 6.8 million square feet of space for teaching, research, underground parking, and support services. It features new facilities for civic, cultural, recreational, and commercial activity. And its improved, pedestrian-friendly streets and new publicly accessible open spaces will reconnect West Harlem to the new Hudson River waterfront park. This kind of smart growth will not only generate thousands of new local jobs for a diversity of people, but also result in maintaining Upper Manhattan as a world center for knowledge, creativity, and solutions for society’s challenges.

60

PRECEDENT STUDIES

61

ØRESTAD

Orestad south

Orestad city

Amager faelled

Orestad north

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

Commercial Residential Insituition Offices Unplanned/ Parking

Main Road Metro Railway Secondary Road Inner Road

Green Water/ Canal

Ørestad is a developing city area in Copenhagen, Denmark, on the island of Amager. It is expected that 20,000 people will live in Ørestad, and 80,000 people will be employed in the area. The area is being developed using the new town concept with the Copenhagen Metro as the primary public transport grid, connecting the area with the rest of Metropolitan Copenhagen. Ørestad is noted for its attractive location and excellent infrastructure, which apart from the metro includes Oresund Railway and the Copenhagen Airport as well as the Øresund Bridge close by. The regional Oresundtrains go to Copenhagen Airport in 6 minutes, to Copenhagen Central Station in 7 minutes, and in 29 minutes to the Central Station in Malmö, Sweden’s third largest city. Ørestad has once been referred to as “the largest crossroads in Scandinavia”.

62

PRECEDENT STUDIES

63

DESIGN PROPOSALS

THE EXCHANGE

66

Ecological Infrastructures

Building Community

Recreation Anchor

Cultural Catalyst

Multi - Interligacao

RIO IS A CITY WITHIN THE FOREST. Bordered by iconic mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, the resulting urbanism is simultaneously in synch and out of step with the region’s natural processes across multiple scales. As the city expands into the Vargems sector, an opportunity exists to accommodate the rapidly growing metropolis’ needs while maintaining and celebrating the site’s lush environmental conditions.

67

CONCEPT Three networks of exchange inform and guide the resulting urban interventions :

Ecological The overall site plan is characterized by the exchange of nature into the urbanized fabric and vice versa.

Social

1 Existing Condition

A network of public corridors enables easy access between natural systems, park spaces, residential and commercial centers.

Cultural Cultural anchors are located at the nexus of public corridors and major transportation routes.

4 Preserved Land

Lagoon

Existing built

Sea 68

2 Low Area

3 Consolidated Canals

5 Urban Fingers

6 Public Corridor

Decrease in building intensity

Arterial Road

Canal System

Arterial Road

Conserved Wetlands

Unconsolidated Development

Avenue (BRT)

69

STRATEGY

Ecological Corridor

Clustering

Diversity

Connectivity

Cohesiveness

Sustainablility

Resilience

Exchange is defined by an ecological corridor that stretches east to west across nearly the entire site. The breadth of this system is derived from the core principles of Landscape Ecology, which aims to achieve true environmental integrity through the conservation of land in a manner which favors size and distribution of a site’s natural environment.

70

Street Corridor

6.0000

7.0000

2.3000

2.6000

3.6000

7.0000

2.3000

3.7000

6.0000

7.0000

1.6000

7.0000

3.6000

4.5000

6.0000

1.8000

2.3000

10.6000

2.3000

2.3007

7.7000

23.5000

31.5000 34.3000

4.5000

1.8000

2.3000

8.3000

1.8000

4.5000 3.0000 4.5000

2.3000

10.6000

2.3000

2.3000

8.1000

2.3000

1.8000

3.0000

4.5000

3.0000

2.3000

8.1000

16.2000 19.9000

14.4000

21.2000

It is in this sense that the proposal basically considers an “Integrated network� able to work as both a Feeder system (in relation to the BRT) and an Internal auxiliary network able to connect the local generators and destinations which are part of the integral urban design proposal (Recreational spaces, civic center, educational facilities, and residential centralities).

71

2.3000

3.0000

1.8000

4.5000

STRATEGY Districts’ Branding district classifications

map - intensity

map - land use

18

The proposed urban program includes public, cultural, leisure and educational facilities, advocated on urban sustainability and the preservation of the natural ecosystems.

The program considers also different levels of land use densities and intensity for residential and mixed use activities. (retail, office space, miscellaneous services). High and medium concentrations throughout the transportation serve main arteries and lower densities throughout less hierarchical avenues and streets, provide different type and intensity of retail and commerce on lower floors.

SySTEMS

branding branding

EcoEco lablab

Creative Creative lifelife

EnErgy, wastE and watEr

pipeline

combined cool and energy plant municipal solid waste / recycle collection tubes city power waste combustion

absorbsion cooling

Water Treatment System

waste to energy

pipeline

electricty

collection system

district cooling

rain water collection

pipeline

Energy System waste water treatment

20 20

grey water treatment tank

potable water

17 pipeline

Research Research treatment plant

water hyacinth

treatment plant

fresh water supply

Arts Arts Dialogue Dialogue

Education Education

Culture Culture

wetlands

SySTEMS

72

grey water

Conservation Conservation

Exchange

Exchange

life

Community life

Civic Anchor Civic Anchor

Civic Anchor Business Gateway Business Gateway

Busine

21

Family

Health

Health

Development Health Development

Development

Interaction

Service

Service

Technology Service Technology

Technology

Recreation

Connectivity

Connectivity

SynergyConnectivity Synergy

Synergy

73 SySTEMS

SySTEMS

Exchange

STRATEGY Public Corridor

Development Matrix: Taxonomy of Blocks + Building Typologies Program

Residential

Office

Retail

Educational

Civic

Cultural

Health

Industrial

Detached

Row

Tower

Perimeter Block Open

Perimeter Block Closed

Slab Block

Bridge

Elevated

No Parcel

One Parcel

Multi-Parcel

Multi-Parcel: Right of Way

Adjacencies

Transportation

Canal

Wetland

Park

Plaza

Pedestrian Pathway

Storm Water Management

Density

Low

Medium

High

100% (open)

75% (4)

50% (2-3)

25% (1)

0% (0)

1-3

4-6

7-12

City Government

Non-Profit Organizations

Private Developers

Environmental Groups

Corporate Interest

Plaza

Park

Recreational

Building Typology

Block Typology

Permeability (entries) Height (stories)

Unit of Development

Actors

Public Programs (within blocks)

74

Educational Institutions

Corridor Interaction

Building

Transportation

Social green

Preserved green

Flow Inaccessible to across

Commercial - Public Corridor - Canal Green Corridor

Flow - accessible to across

Transportation infrastructure - Commercial - Green Corridor - Canal - Residential

Storage

Flow - Storage

Commercial - Transportation Infrastructure - Public Corridor - Canal - Preserved land

A network of public corridors links the site’s ecological corridors with cultural centers and other social spaces to provide a pedestrian oriented amenity. These corridors typically cut perpendicular to larger blocks, increasing walkability while maintaining the street grid.

75

STRATEGY Stakehoder Analysis

actors

:

Organizations Private Sector

ers : D

Technical support (consultancy, cooperation).

Government Real Estate Developers

sco.

Mayor City Council Dep. of Housing and Urban Development

Project Specialists (UD,...)

Approval

Dep. of Transportation Env. Department

Approval

1. Master Plan + Environmental study 2. Project Development

Project financing

Investors International -O’s ITAU Bradesco Banco de Brasil CAIXA

Investment in conservation of Natural Resources

s and

o de Janeiro: CM

d Urban

ion - DOT

IMPLEMENTATION (Public Infrastructure)

IMPLEMENTATION (Private investments)

IMPLEMENTATION (Green Infrastructure)

Utilities Infrastructure

Housing-mixed use Developments

Wetlands restoration

Transportation Infrastructure

Commercialp-mixed use Developments.

Water system cleaning.

Retail-mixed use developments.

Water system conservation.

Green Infrastructure*

Economical / Social / Environemant REVENUE

estment acilitators

76

Federal - State - City ifrastructure investment Private transit operators investment International Non Governmental and Governmental organizations investment Areas for NGO’s mediation due to land aquisition and displacement issues Areas for intervention of the private Real State sector

SySTEMS

Exchan

For the implementation of this program, the proposal has considered involving three fundamental key agents: The public (Governo do Estado and Prefeitura da Cidade) and the private sectors ;principally the Real estate sector, private universities and Investor Banks (Caixa, Banco de Brasil) with expertise in managing the whole “private development� process with and within the standards provided by the Government. The third agent will be represented by national and international organizations (The World Bank) interested in contributing (with capacities and economical resources) to the preservation and implementation of the green infrastructural component. All these agents can be able to work cooperatively through the implementation of a large scale urban endeavor of this type.

77

SCHEME

Eco Lab

78

Creative Life

Community Life

Civic Anchor

Business Gateway

79

ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURES Timothy Bevins A framework for ecological resilience is established with an overarching site plan that evokes moments of natural systems extending into the urbanized fabric and vice-versa. Wetlands are remediated and augmented with a system of islands capable of supporting species that both clean and slow incoming water from the mountains. A network of promenades, public spaces and trails bring users into this functional landscape, but do not tread heavily upon the natural systems.

80

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

81

ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURES PROGRAMS

Site Conditions - High Water Levels

As it enters the urban fabric, this system is channelized in a system of public canals with programed spaces that function as flood reservoirs during heavy storm events.

82

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

wetland and park

residential structures and cafe

elementary school and mixed use units

office towers adjacent to primary travel corridor

The result is a green infrastructure network which provides critical water management services, ties into the larger ecological framework and creates an experiential urban element that operates on multiple scales.

83

CULTURAL CATALYST Justin Garrison Rio de Janeiro rich cultural heritage and natural settings are hallmarks of the city’s identity. In this proposal, these two systems are tightly integrated yielding a networked exchange between the built and ecological surroundings while providing a cultural anchor for the Vargems area.

The site’s cultural programs are positioned along a corridor extending from the main transit line towards a promenade facing the conservation area. The proposal defines a dynamic soft edge for the urban and ecological interchange where wetlands extend into the urbanized areas under responsive building typologies, and specific programs expand to the ecological area and build the ground.

86

F

b

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

B B

E

A 1b D

C

2a

2b

a 2a

1a

87

CULTURAL CATALYST CONCEPT

F E D

C

B B

A

Cultural Anchors A Eco-Museum B Theater/Samba School C Convention Center/Hotel D Cultural Center E Office/Library F Business Center

Built & Conserved Wetland’s Exchange

Public Corridor Canal

88

Urban Wetland

Public Corridor

Conserved Wetland

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

B B

F

E

A D

C

Bus Bike Land Bus Stop Bike Stations

Cultural Anchors / Main Transit

1b

2a

2b

2a

1a

Social Programs 1a: Recreation Center 1b: Eco-Museum Living Conditions 2a: Urban Wetland 2b: Wetland Boardwalk Public Corridor

Built & Conserved Wetland’s Exchange / Public Corridor 89

Main Ave | Transit Stop

Office | Library

Cultural Plaza

Spray Plaza

Public Corridor

Mark

ket Plaza

Amphitheater

Eco-Museum

Conserved Wetland

MULTI-INTERLIGACAO Cesar Simborth Escudero MULTI-INTERLIGACAO or “Multiple Interconnections”, is the name given to one of the moments in the Overall’s Vargem’s Master Plan, in which one of the main residential linear transit oriented fingers encounters, interconnects and converges with the “Barra-Recreio” Rio’s urban linear system, now being spined by the new Transoeste BRT corridor.

It is in this point that a set of multiple functional interactions between the “new district” and the city are to take place. Dwelling, commuting, shopping, working, services and urban leisure will be the main functions of the area, allowing for different flows of people, economy, energy and nature converge, converse, and interwoven into a place that accounts for not only a point of entrance for the new macro development proposed, but a new destination for the area of “BarraRecreio dos Bandeirantes” in the South-West of Rio de Janeiro, which is currently a large 20 kilometers linear residential expansion still dependents on the city’s main attractions far North and East.

92

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

93

MULTI-INTERLIGACAO PLAN / SECTIONS

Colector Street

Local Street 1

Local Street 2

Section 2-2 94

95

Section 1-1

96

97

RECREATION ANCHOR Shuqi He The proposal for this district explores the interplay between the dynamic condition of the public space along the water spine and the social life in the district. The site is located in a transitional area where the existing urban fabric merges with the proposed finger scheme, and the streams and biking path coming from the mountains find their way to the conservation lands.

The project strategy articulates a series of residential, commercial and recreational uses along the network of open spaces, and capitalizes on water as both resource and amenity. Two systems of public promenades negotiate the multiple scales of water on site: (1) a series of courtyards register the flow across the urban grid, and (2) a series of topographical platforms incorporate multiple recreational areas descending to the lagoon, at the heart of the conservation area.

98

99

RECREATION ANCHOR PLAN

0 10 20 0 50 100

100

50 200

100 M 300 FT

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

PROGRAMS

10

9 2 1 3

4

5

8

6

7

1 2 3 4 5

Main Avenue Central Plaza Waterfront Deck Bridge Water Plaza

6 Sports Field 7 Football Field 8 Library 9 Fitness Center 10 Market 101

Courtyards

Street Canopy

Parking Lot

Street Retails

Walking-through Garden

High-rise Residential

Topographical Platforms

Office Tower

Main Avenue

COMMUNITY LIFE Sneha Lohotekar Housing design can unite as well as divide, it can engage or detach, it can eventually result into a close knit community with its inherent values or enter the shadows of a gated community. This design is an attempt to nurture this engagement into a residential fabric considering the vibrant street life and social context of the city of Rio de Janeiro.

It intends to house the diverse categories of people from different economic and social strata along with diverse age groups of Rio de Janeiro’s society.

This diversity and engagement is achieved through an conscious hierarchy of public spaces as grounds for interaction The water and the natural edge has a vital role in the revitalizing this public realm.

Collective public space Mixed use commeryia residential courtyard

104

e al and

Collective space Residential courtyard

Semi public space The transverse link

Public space Linear garden along the canal

105

COMMUNITY LIFE PLAN

106

THE EXCHANGE Focus area Number of Households 2,580

Market rate housing 1290

Afforrdable housing 774 Social housing 516

Stratification

Integration

107

COMMUNITY LIFE BLOCK TYPOLOGY Residential

Commerical

Exposed concrete

108

Glass

Exposed brick

Bombacops

sis glabra

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

Residential

Offices Commerical

Paving

Recessed window

Terrace garden

Bombacopsis glabra

109

Water front

Water front

110

Recrational + residential

Courtyard

Semi ment

i baset parking

Courtyard

Retail + Residential

Street

Commercial + Retail

Central semi public courtyard

111

Commercial + Retail

THE BELT

The BELTS proposes a multi-layer scheme to accommodate both the conservation of the rich ecological qualities of the site and the pressing urbanization dynamics that have targeted this area as the next urban frontier in the metropolitan geography.

The scheme defines a central green-heart covering the main central wetland, the different BELTS deploy a system of varying densities of development and programmatic funtions: two kinds of recreational 112

uses, a multi-modal transit strip, a green belt, and other institutional and residential layers. As the different BELTS wrap eachother, local centralities emerge in the site offering a distinctive identity to different districts and neigborhoods.

Other than the BELTS, the scheme deploys two north to south corridors to ensure transportation and ecological connectivity from the mountains to the ocean.

The proposal further develops five prototypical subcenters depicting the main features of the scheme.

113

ISSUE Existing condition

Bus station BRT station Favela Low rise

Site

Mid-rise High rise

+0

Section

n tai

n ou

M in

sin

Pla

Ba in

Pla a

Se

Scale comparison

CONCEPT The multi-layer belt

Ecological belt Residential belt Mixed use belt The loop Nodes/ centers Corridors

The concept of the belt dictates development by defining the specifics urban regulations (land uses and functions) in each layer. The core area is also regarded as a greenheart to preserve the existing wetland and incorporate stormwater remediation functions. In addition, the vertical connections are presented as corridors, linking with the BRT line and transiting from south to north. Overall, the concept allows the Vargen area to grow in a sustainable way.

116

Zoning and density control

70m 25m

80m

35m

Main loop

North-south transit Green+river corridor

Sector B

Sector A

PEU zoning regulation

Strategy

Developing area: 6.2km

Conservation area: 1.6km2

Sector A: 20m height

Developing area: 5.6km2

2

Sector B: 30m height

Natural preservation Developing area: 5.6km2 Overall height: 40m

Skyline Maximum height: 70m Minimum height: 10m

117

STRATEGY Transit line section

10%

100%

35%

15%

15%

15% 52%

50%

15%

23%

55%

46% 38%

23%

25%

15%

15%

32%

60%

Canal

Mixed-use belt

Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%

Buildable area:52% Green:23% Infrastructure:15%

Loop

Institutional belt

Buildable area:55% Green:20% Infrastructure:15%

Residential

Buildable area:60% Green:25% Infrastructure:15%

20%

10%

70%

Canal

Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%

10%

10%

15%

23%

20% 10%

35% 55%

70%

Residential belt Buildable area:35% Green:55% Infrastructure:10%

118

Institutional belt Buildable area:70% Green:20% Infrastructure:10%

65%

Buildable area:60% Green:25% Infrastructure:15%

Green corridor section

100%

20%

48%

20%

38%

10% 40% 50%

Mixed-use belt Buildable area:40% Green:50% Infrastructure:10%

15

%

100%

15%

23%

5%

5%

38%

46%

100%

15% 35%

55%

95%

Canal

Buildable area:55% Green:20% Infrastructure:15%

Green:90% Infrastructure:10%

46%

50%

Office belt

Green heart

15%

100%

15%

20%

Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%

23%

38%

46%

To P edr ad

100%

eG

usr abb

a

5%

20% 10%

10%

Green heart

Green:90% Infrastructure:10%

70%

50%

Recreational belt Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%

10% 25%

30%

40%

95%

60%

10%

65%

Loop

Canal

Buildable area:60% Green:30% Infrastructure:10%

Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%

119

SYSTEMS STRATEGY

0

0.5

0

1 0.5

2

4 km

1

2 mile

Brt stations Current brt stations Proposed bus stops Main transit station Existing main roads

Transportation

0 0

0.5

1 0.5

2

4 km

1

2 mile

Water system and urban service location 120

Existing bus routes Proposed main roads Main loop[ propsed bus route] Secondary roads Inner roads

civic emergency health education retail

7% Recreational 10% Retail 15% Green infrastructure 15% Institutional 18% Commercial 35% Residential

Land use distribution

Program 121

SYSTEMS STRATEGY

Pump Wastewater Treatment Plant Heat Pump

GARBAGE

HAZARDOUS

LARGE FURNITURE

CLASS/MENTAL PAPER

BIO

Water

Fertilizer

Heating

Biofuel

Electricity

Clean/Cool Water

Heating

Energy recycling and waste management

Pipeline

Passive design ventilation, summer 122

Food

Energy

PAPER

GLASS/MENTAL

BIO Large Biogas Plant

LARGE FURNITURE

y

HAZARDOUS

GARBAGE Collection Center in Vagen

+

Second hand factory

Hospital

Landfill

Passive design ventilation, winter 123

Market

BLOCK TYPOLOGIES

Commercial Land coverage: 45%

Commercial Land coverage: 43%

Residential Land coverage:41%

Residential Land coverage: 51%

Mixed use Land coverage:51%

Mixed use Land coverage: 50%

124

LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGIES

125

SCHEME

Es tr.

d

A3

A1

A2

B1 B2

as Av. d

A

do

To

Pe n

ha /G IG

Ai

rp

or t

Morra do morro

s

Ba

nd

ei

ra n

te s

s

de

i

nv

Be tr. s E

o nd

ai ov

N

ricas

Ame

Lagoa de Marapendi

0

0

0.5

1

0.5

2 km

1 mile

THE GREEN CORRIDOR Jia Weng This proposal is located along one of the green corridors connecting the mountains with the Green Heart, the conservation area, and it places water infrastructure as the backbone of the strategy for urbanization.

The proposal addresses the need to reserve space for the existing streams to perform a regulatory function in the storm water management strategy as a central element in the prevention of flooding. While responding to the pressures of growth and additional housing units, this area offers lower densities than surrounding districts. As a counterpoint, the proposal introduces a multi-scalar system of storm water management techniques from the scale of the whole corridor to the one of the block.

128

129

COMMUNITY LIFE STRATEGY The green corridor Residential belt Loop Institutional belt Mixed-use belt Recreational belt The green heart

10m

50m

100m

150m

0m 30ft

130

100ft

450ft

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

Green structure Green corridor Loop Institutional belt Water connection

Transportation Loop Secondary street Inner circulation Path Bike path Walkway Bus stop

p

Parking structure location

Work/live life style Water retain Accessibility Walk- ability Open space utilization Carbon reduction Ecological conservation Social integration

131

COMMUNITY LIFE DATA

Affordable housing

Block area: 12,180 sqm Buildable area: 59.2 sqm Coverage: 48.5% FAR: 2.8

4% 31%

1 to 19

33%

+ Social housing Market rate housing

20 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 59 60 and upper

6% 26%

1 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 59

Housing units: 392.5

60 and upper

17% 26% 1 bed room 2 bed room 3 bed room

57%

1 bed room

1 bed room 45sqm

2 bed room 3 bed room

2 bed room 65sqm

3 bed room 85sqm Parking ratio: 67% Parking area:3944.6

132

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

BLOCK DESIGN GUIDELINE

Facing west Double skin facade

Residential- Balcony 1-3m Linear window Parking space

133

Each block need to have one parking structure with a parking ratio of 67%

Ground floor retail Ground floor retail are encouraged to setback 1.5-3m on main street

Wooden deck

Sidewalk, 3-5m Ecological wet land

133

COMMUNITY LIFE LANDSCAPE

Residential belt Elementry school Kindergarden Loop

Residential belt

Institutional belt

Block storm water management

Loop

23% 100%

46%

38% Mixed use belt

134

Institutional belt

15% Residential belt

10% Canal belt

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

Mixed-use Residential Institutional belt Green corridor Elementry school

100%

Mountain

135

LIVE WORK DISTRICT Dongye Liu This district spans along the transit line, north of the Green Heart, and aims to achieve a walkable urban neighborhood with a mix of residential, commercial and institutional uses. The urban grid registers the different belts running across the transit line, and adopts different configurations of public space and building typologies to participate in their different natures. From South to North, the proposal adapts to respond to different adjacencies: it hints on potential relationships with the Green Heart, and merges with the existing fabric in its way to the mountains.

136

137

LIVE WORK DISTRICT PROGRAMS Existing Favela

Recreational center

Day care Center

Playground

Community School

Office

Restaurant & Cafe Sport fields

Playground

Office

Retails

Shopping Center

Scenery Mixed use

138

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

Land use

Landscape

Traffic Transit line Loop Bike lane Car Parking on street Parking in building

Landscape Soft edge Hard pavement Water tank Storm water circulation

Land use Restidential Mix use Commercial Curtural Public facility

Traffic 139

LIVE WORK DISTRICT TYPOLOGY

140

Plaza

Commercial

Residential

Residential

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

Soft edge Planting roof Water collection Hard edge

Water Filtration

141

142

143

THE RECREATIONAL WATERFRONT BELT Yu-Hsiang Lin The Recreational Waterfront district signals the transition from the urbanized multi-layered belts to the Green Heart, the central conservation area at the core of the site. Anchored by two of the north south connectors, this district incorporates a series of commercial, residential, cultural and recreational uses, and articulates different opportunities to experiencing the ecological reserve. In the Waterfront Belt, the urban grid loosens up: the landscape is set in motion and it creates new ways to inhabit, interact and experience these hybrid grounds.

The Recreational Waterfront articulates a dynamic common ground inspired in the Rio de Janeiro beach culture: attractive and well-designed open spaces that add amenity-rich destinations for residents and visitors alike, facilitate social interaction, and improve ecological biodiversity.

144

145

LIVE WORK DISTRICT STRATEGY

The grid in copacobana

The grid proposed on the site

CONCEPT

Not well-define boundary

146

Soft the edge

Occupy the edge

THE EXCHANGE Focus area Commercial Concert hall

Office Visitor centre

Exhibition

Residential

BUILDINGS

Bike lane

LAND USE Water basin

Water basin

Observation deck

PROMENADE Stone step bench fixe to wall

Pedestrian path Observation deck Wooden decking

Stone step bench fixe to wall Staircase Staircase Staircase

Soccer field

WATERFRONT Grass

Vegetal

Soccer field

Tennis court

Meadow

RECREATIONAL

River+green corridor

SOFT EDGE

AXON

North south transit 147

SOFT EDGE

THE GREEN HEART

SOFT EDGE

RECREATIONAL

PROMENADE

VISITOR CENTRE

4 LANE ROAD

OFFICE

THE CENTRAL MARKET Pei Liu This district is one of the new centralities in the Vargens area, at the intersection of one of the north south-transit connectors, and the Central Market Place.

The multi-layered belts meet with the transit line in this area and result in a high density area. The loop splits and merges together with the mixed use belt to form a public strip that houses the Central Market and a public plaza. This market spine acts as a public ground and activates surrounding residential and commercial uses and leads to a vigorous mixed life district.

150

151

THE CENTRAL MARKET CONCEPT OF CIRCULATION BELTS

Transit line Green Heart +Recreational belt Mixed-use belt Loop Institutional belt Canal+Recreational belt

152

THE EXCHANGE Focus area

Building: Height control

Green connection: Courtyard + Corridor

Accessibility: Pedestrian

Transportation: Transit + Loop

153

Loop

Mixed-use

Central Market

Transit

Public Plaza

Mixed-use

Mixed-use

Loop

THE DOWNTOWN GATEWAY Chi-An Wu The Downtown District signals one of the south gateways to “the Belts” in the Vargens area. This new centrality holds higher densities than the surrounding districts and capitalizes on the high transit accessibility from both the Transoeste BRT line and other local bus lines.

Following a south-north transect, the system of multi-layered belts in this area registers a storm water regulatory water canal, residential grounds, the infrastructural loop, a retail and office strip, and recreational programs facing the green heart.

Building on the high density of the district, the “belts” strategy becomes three-dimensional and articulates different levels of porosity in the building typologies to ensure urban block permeability and visual connectivity across the site.

156

157

THE DOWNTOWN GATEWAY BLOCK TYPOLOGY

Double skin facade ( facing north or west)

Roof Garden

Accessibility of passing through blocks

Green facade

Storm water management Parking

158

THE EXCHANGE Focus area Roof garden

Housing

Mixed use (offices+ housing)

Parking (300~350 parking units)

Mixed use (retail+offices)

Building footprint: 4000m2 Total floor area: 100,000m2

Block size: 100 X 80 m Courtyard: public &private ownership

159