Liquid Planning Interdisciplinary Graduate Seminar, Fall 2012

LIQUID PLANNING INTERDISCIPLINARY GRADUATE SEMINAR

“PLAY&GROUNDS”

OPEN SPACE VISIONING PLAN

Sustainability and the HOPE Village Initiative A partnership of the Graham Sustainability Institute and Focus: HOPE

LIQUID PLANNING INTERDISCIPLINARY GRADUATE SEMINAR

LIQUID PLANNING is an advanced seminar that provides an analytical framework and a set of tools that allow students to operate at very different scales through a model of collaborative instruction and production. The course relies on the contribution of scholars and practitioners who share their water-related research and practice experience, and is open to students in the master’s programs in architecture, landscape architecture, urban design, and urban planning.

By integrating basic notions of policy (planning regulations), technology and material studies (architecture), and a watershed approach to the definition of boundary (landscape architecture), students work in multidisciplinary teams examining the implications of innovative storm water management practices and integrating them into their areas of expertise. The course builds on a fluid workflow between ArcMap and Rhinoceros, making the most of the output facilities in the Fabrication Lab to test the performance of water in their proposed solutions.

During the Fall 2012, assistant professors Jen Maigret and Maria Arquero de Alarcon led a group of 24 students from the Architecture and Urban and Regional Planning graduate programs in the research of design strategies for the open space network in the HOPE Village.

The semester was organized around three main assignments: first, students studied the larger policy frameworks at the metropolitan level; second, they researched on the HOPE Village Initiative regarding specific themes, and lastly, they developed a set of design proposals based on the previous phases of the semester. The next pages display these different stages in the semester, from the initial thematic analyses to the design proposals. Lastly, this chapter also includes the work done by Laura Haw, one of the students in the Urban and Regional Planning program, as part of an independent study on residential vacancy.

The semester included a site visit to the HVI where students were able to engage with the Focus: HOPE representatives, and other students part of the initiative.

A

LIQUID PLANNING: LEARNING FROM...

A.1

PHYSICAL, SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC NEIGHBORHOOD STRUCTURE..................................... 04

Team members: Robin Chhabra, Ryan Ornberg, Reshmi Ravindran, Oleksandra Topolnytska

ZONING AND LAND USE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 16

A.2

Team members: Matt Cowen, Efrie Friedlander, Steven Luongo, Paul McBride

PUBLIC LAND: TURNING VACANCY INTO OPPORTUNITY .................................................................. 20

A.3

Team members: Leigh Davis, Cole Gehler, Landry Root, Catie Truong

TRANSPORTATION ............................................................................................................................................. 24

A.4

Team members: Gregorio Avanzini, Tim Bevins, Tony Killian, Wen Zhong

NEIGHBORHOODS ............................................................................................................................................. 32

A.5

Team members: Dorin Baul, Shaoxuan Dong, Carla Landa, Ellen Manasse

SPACE AND MATERIALITY ............................................................................................................................... 36

A.6

B

Team members: Paul Fromm, Zachary Gong, Laura Haw , Eric Pasche

LIQUID PLANNING: FINAL DESIGN PROPOSALS

B.1 LIQUID STITCHES ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Team members: Gregorio Avanzini, Tim Bevins, Carla Landa, Steven Luongo

B.2

RUNNING IN CIRCLES ....................................................................................................................................... 52 Team members: Robin Chhabra, Ryan Ornberg, Reshmi Ravindran, Oleksandra Topolnytska

B.3 [A]FORESTATION ................................................................................................................................................ 56 Team members: Efrie Friedlander, Shaoxuan Dong, Matt Cowen, Cole Gehler

B.4.

LIQUID EDUCATION .......................................................................................................................................... 60 Team members: Paul Fromm, Ellen Manasse, Paul McBride, Wen Zhong

B.5 FOLLY THE LEADER ........................................................................................................................................... 64 Team members: Leigh Davis, Zachary Gong, Landry Root, Catie Truong

C

VACANT LOTS TOOLKIT: INDEPENDENT STUDY ........................................................................................... 68

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................................... 104

Other Revenue $ 1,489,000 Contributed Goods and Services $ 243,000

Tuition Revenue $ 1,489,000 Production Revenue $ 4,238,000

SES EN P EX USDA Commodity Expense $ 11,033,000

General Personnel $ 5,942,000 Program Personnel $ 7,220,000 Equipment/ Supplies $ 5,942,000

Donor Funding $ 28,389,000

EARNINGS (after depreciation) 2.5% of Total Revenue

4

FEDERAL FUNDS $10,421,000 36.7%

USDA FUNDS $11,033,000 38.9%

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

A.1.

PHYSICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE

DONOR FUNDING $28,389,000

SOCIAL AND NEIGHBORHOOD

The HOPE Village Initiative focuses on the area immediately surrounding the Focus:HOPE campus in Detroit. It aims to develop a safe, strong and nurturing neighborhood where families can develop to their full potential. The Initiative offers a network of opportunities and support with education at its center to help build a community where people want to live, work and raise a family. This study looks at the socio-economic indicators of the Hope Village area. It details demographic and funding information for the area.

This study began with a simple question.

What is the quality of life of the people in the HOPE Village area and how can we improve it? In order to answer this question our group studied information from the U.S. Census (years 2000 and 2010) and American Community Survey (ACS 2007).

This study focuses on population trends, family structure, housing, education, income, activity nodes and possible funding sources for community building activities.

STATE FUNDS $317,000 1.1%

PRIVATE & CORPORATE DONORS $6,619,000 23.3%

5

Lodge Expy.

6 5 2 4

Riv er

6

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

r

xte De

nd

Livernois

Gra

3

Quality of Life Socio-Economic Indicators

Income & House Value Household Structure

1

Education n

D

so avi

School Small Business Fast Food Gas Station Grocery Store

7

Woodward

5,287

TOTAL POPULATION

WHICH IS A

40%

DECLINE SINCE 2000

GENDER 52.3 % FEMALES 47.7 % MALES AGE -18 18-49 50-64 65+

25% 20%

11%

44%

ETHNICITY BLACK

0.1%

MULTI RACE

1.8%

WHITE

0.1%

HISPANIC

0.3%

MULTI RACE

1.2%

OTHER

96.5%

Gra

nd

Riv er

HISPANIC

8

CENSUS 2010, US CENSUS BUREAU

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.1 Population (Liquid Planning, Socio-economics)

Livernois

0.2%

POPULATION

Lodge Expy.

6 5

1 2

4

3

on

vis

Da

ard

dw

o Wo

r

xte De

HIGH POPULATION DECLINE 10%

9

1%

LOW POPULATION DECLINE 2010-2000

ECONOMIC NODES

Woodward

29%

BASED ON 2000 CENSUS DATA OF HOUSEHOLD UNITS DIDN’T OWN A VEHICLE

L

FAMILY STRUCTURE MA LE

REN /CHILD ILY W FAM AD HE

FAMILY HOUSE H OL D

SINGLE HOUSEHO LD S

OTHER

FAMILY NO CHIL DRE N

FEM AL EH

nd

Riv er

S

N HILDRE W/C ILY AM DF EA

HOUSING

VA C

10

T AN

IED UP CC

RENTER OCCUP IED

OW NE R

O

CENSUS 2010, US CENSUS BUREAU

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.2 Household Structure (Liquid Planning, Socio-economics)

Livernois

Gra

HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE

Lodge Expy.

6 5

1 2

4

3

on

vis

Da

dw

o Wo

r

xte De

HIGHEST NUMBER OF CHILDREN 313 CHILDREN

ard

11

139 CHILDREN

LOWEST NUMBER OF CHILDREN 2010

Fast Food Gas Station Grocery Store

Woodward

44% 30%

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

POVERTY RATE IN FOCUS HOPE WHEN NATIONAL POVERTY RATE IS 15.1%

L

INCOME

BY CENSUS TRACT

KEY 5K

-1

75

10

K+

-10K

50-75K

15-25K

25

-35

K

50K

35-

nd

HOUSING VALUE

Riv er

Livernois

Gra

BY CENSUS TRACT

K

-200

100

200K+

-15K

70-100K

0K -3 15

12

0K

-5

30

70K

50-

CENSUS 2000, US CENSUS BUREAU

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.3 Income and House Value (Liquid Planning, Socio-economics)

INCOME AND HOUSE VALUE

$

$42,800 $

$58,200

$

$67,173

Lodge Expy.

6 5

1 2

4

3

on

vis

Da

$ $

$

$44,400

$53,600

$44,400

ard

dw

o Wo

r

xte De

HIGH INCOME $32,000

13

$8,000

LOW INCOME 2000 $

AVG. HOUSE VALUE 2000

36%

OF ADULT RESIDENTS HAVE NOT GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL

FOCUS HOPE IS THE ONLY INSTITUTION FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN THIS AREA

L

LEVEL OF EDUCATION POPULATION ABOVE 25 YEARS OF AGE

LESS THAN 9TH GRADE 9-12TH GRADE

SOME COLLEGE

Gra

nd

Riv er

BACHELOR OR ASSOCIATE GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL

11%

14

2%

6%

25%

%

25

31%

CENSUS 2000, US CENSUS BUREAU

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.4 Education (Liquid Planning, Socio-economics)

Livernois

HIGH SCHOOL DEGREE

8

4 30 95 %

9

8 14 21 %

EDUCATION

1 50 01 % 7

3

5 38 94 %

1

2

45 20 %

2 24 82 %

Lodge Expy.

on

91 79 20% 4 10 7 %

6

5

4

6 33 77 %

vis

Da

ard

dw

o Wo

r

xte De

School# Student Population Building Coverage on Site .5 mile radius

1. Focus Hope Center For Children 2. Glazer Elementary 3. Detroit City School 4. Stewart Elementary 5. Central High School 6. Durfee Elementary/Middle School 7. Ace Alternative Academy 8. George Washington Preschool 9. Highland Park High School

15

A.2. ZONING AND LAND USE ANALYSIS

20

Existing Zoning Map

R1 This residential zoning district promotes a familyfocused environment by requiring single-family detached dwellings that adhere to a low-denisty form.

35 ft

ft

50 ft

N/A

70 ft

Legend

Commercial Industrial

ÂŻ

Mixed Use Open Parking Residential

20

ft

35 ft

Scale: 1:10,000

70 ft

R3-5 These residential zones relax physical constraints to allow various types of multi-family housing that still maintain a low to medium population density.

B2-4 These business zones focus on managing the amount of area traffic from retail and other business interests through use restrictions and minimum lot dimensions.

Figure 6.5  Existing Zoning Map and Types (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use)

16

Zoning is a set of legal controls that are prescriptive in nature. They focus on restricting certain land uses in the future so that spatial relationships between different uses integrate effectively. Zoning codes also dictate how the built form takes shape through height, bulk and density requirements.

The land use registers what the land is currently HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

being used for. Conflicts between this current use and the compatibility goal of zoning do happen and are evident in the HOPE Village.

There are a number of reasons for this including: grandfathering prior uses, granting variances and most importantly because the zoning code has not adapted to changing conditions.

Existing Land Use Map

20

35 ft

ft

70

ft

Legend

ÂŻ

Commercial Gov't and Institutional Industrial MultiFam Railroad ParksRec Parking R1 VacantLayer

20

35 ft

ft

M2-4 These zones allow industrial uses and manage the undesirable effects of more intensive uses on other land use types by buffering them with less intensive industrial activities.

M 3-4 General / Intensive Industrial R / B / M / Libraries and Museums R/B/M/ Neighborhood Centers

Scale: 1:10,000

70 ft

Figure 6.6  Existing Land Use Map and Types (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) 17

The current zoning and land use maps highlight several dysfunctional relationships between different land uses. One is the issue of heavy industrial land use behind and to the north of the Focus: HOPE campus being in close proximity to residential areas. The other is that the zoning code allowed a high school to be located within an industrial area. Based on these conditions it is

clear that zoning code for the neighborhood needs to be updated. A more effective zoning code would support both a higher quality neighborhood experience as well as future development by reducing the risk to developers of incompatible land uses locating next to each other.

300

HOPE Village is facing significant challenges originating in the overabundance of underproductive land use. In addition to officially vacant land, a large proportion of the singlefamily, low density land in the neighborhood is abandoned. As this land use represents 72% of the land area in the neighborhood, it significantly impacts the quality of urban life for the community.

The deserted properties are unkept, with built structures fallen into disrepair, and the risk of criminal activity is elevated due to lowered residential activity.

250 200 150 100 50 0

nt ca a V

g l na kin tio Par a e cr

R1 Re

l l al na ria ci st utio er u t d m In nsti m I Co

R5

Figure 6.7  Number of Parcels by Type (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use)

R5 1% Recreational 1%

18

Industrial 2% Institutional 3% Commercial 5%

R1 72%

Vacant 17%

Figure 6.8  Percent Area by Land Use Type (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Related to this condition is the underemployment of the area’s inhabitants, as 30% are living below the poverty line and unemployment is above 14%.

Without quality employment opportunities it is difficult for the neighborhood to maintain and attract residents.

Given these challenges, it is important to consider how changes in zoning for the area can assist in creating opportunities for growth. In addition to updating the zoning code to ensure appropriate boundaries are in place to separate incompatible land uses, the zoning code should encourage new and more productive land uses. The following proposed revisions include the introduction of two new land use types as well as overlaying a comprehensive storm water management plan for the area.

The first new land use type reflects a new approach to light-use manufacturing that focuses on a shared resource incurbator-type model.

In doing so, the amount of required financial

resources is lower, and operational knowledge is pooled, such that it is easier for start-up businesses to prosper. Encouraging local manufacturing also provides potential for partnerships with the HOPE Village’s training initiative, as well recognizing linkages in the area between industry and development. Features of this use include more focused specifications to be discussed in the New Types section of this document.

The second land use type focuses on the significant amount of vacant land in the neighborhood. Urban agriculture is a relatively inexpensive approach to increasing the productive use of the land while also supporting the food security program that is overseen by Focus: HOPE. The revised zoning code also supports waste water management principles for both new development and retrofitting existing land uses. Central to this focus is the reduction of impervious surface coverage and the management of stormwater runoff. Strategies to implement in this plan include: (1) Shared parking facilities for multiple adjacent properties (2) Maximum lot coverage requirements (3) Modifying street design for LID (4) FAR Bonuses to increase max buildable square footage of building for stormwater management strategies (porous pavement, green roof, etc.)

(5) Increase open space and setback requirements (6) No minimum and limited maximum parking requirements (7) Landscaping requirements for parking lots

1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

nt ca a V

Re

l g R1 ona kin i ar t ea P cr

l l l R5 tria ona rcia i s e t m d u tu In sti om In C

Figure 6.9  Average Parcel Size in Acres (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use)

%

28

%

.36

13

%

31

2%

.2

14 %

30

5%

.8

16

Percent Poverty Percent Unemployed

Figure 6.10  Poverty and Unemployment (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use)

19

A.3. PUBLIC LAND: TURNING VACANCY INTO OPPORTUNITY

Focus Area Focus: Hope Campus Focus Area

Privately Owned Vacant Residential Parcels Focus Hope Campus

Privately Owned Vacant Reside

City Owned Vacant Residential Parcels

City Owned Vacant Residentia

Vacant Non-Residential Parcels

Figure 6.11  Vacant Land Ownership (Liquid Planning, Public Land) 20

Public land focuses on the vast amount of vacant land as an asset for community revitalization. By adopting strategies for the re-use and regeneration of vacant and under utilized parcels, Focus: HOPE could foster a policy for public land that encourages sustainable stormwater management practices, enhances recreational opportunities, provides access to fresh food options, better HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

maintains properties, and spurs economic development.

Throughout HOPE Village there are a number of vacant parcels, both residential and non-residential.

Focus: HOPE has the opportunity to create a robust strategy for public land should they decide to acquire these parcels.

Vacant Non-Residential Parcels

35.1%

HIGH VACANCY 35.1 to 100% OF TOTAL BLOCK QUALIFIES AS HIGH VACANCY

H

0 | 100%

HIGH VACANCY 35.1 to 100% of total block qualifies as high vacancy 12% 12%

LL

LOW VACANCY 0 to 12% OF TOTAL BLOCK QUALIFIES AS LOW VACANCY LOW VACANCY 0 to 12% OF TOTAL BLOCK QUALIFIES AS LOW VACANCY

40% 40% 11.2%

0

11.2%

0

LOW VACANCY 0 to 12% of total block qualifies as low vacancy

High Vacancy

Moderate Vac 35%

Figure 6.12 Vacancy Distribution in Focus Area (Liquid Planning, Public Land)

12.1%

35%

12.1%

30.7%

M M

30.7%

0

MODERATE VACANCY 12.1 to 35% OF TOTAL BLOCK QUALIFIES AS MODERATE MODERATE VACANCY VACANCY 12.1 to 35% OF TOTAL BLOCK QUALIFIES AS MODERATE VACANCY

0

Looking at an area in the northwest corner of HOPE Village, the analysis categorizes blocks as high, moderate, and low vacancy through calculating the percentage of vacant parcels per square feet.

MODERATE VACANCY 12.1 to 35% of total block qualifies as moderate vacancy

35.1% 35.1%

HIGH VACANCY

Low Vacancy

Publicly Owne

21

The Foreclosure process There are an estimated 150,000 vacant properties in the Detroit: vacant parcels and vacant housing Vacant Parcels in Detroit units.

Housing unit vacancy is around 70,000.

Vacant Parcels in Detroit 2010

2012

2010

Estimated 150,000 vacant properties in vacant the city. ated 150,000 Housing unit vacancy erties in the city. around ing unit 70,000. vacancy

nd 70,000.

Source: ce: DetrotDetrot WorksWorks ProjectProject

2012 Planning and Development Department owns

41,864

41,864 Public Public

2010

100,719 100,719 DetroitDetroit

64,252 Public

93,343 Detroit

85%

64,252 Public

93,343 Detroit

2012

FORECLOSURE GLOSSARY

of surplus publicly owned property

83%

of vacant or improved public

land is residential

10%

?

Land Banks are the least integrated into the

Only

ownership chain and redevelopment planning

improved and occupancy is largely unknown

of public land has been

Foreclosure - initiated by a lender when the borrower fails to comply with the mortgage agreement. The lender can enforce its rights as agreed upon in the mortgage documents to possess and sell the property of the borrower to repay its debt.

Hedge-fund - private investment partnerships that require large initial minimum investments. Similar to mutual funds in that they are pooled and professionally managed, but unlike mutual funds they have a high amount of flexibility in investment strategies.

Tax foreclosure - failure to pay taxes resulting in government possession and sale of property

Michigan tax foreclosure process: • 2 years of not paying taxes homeowners forfeit to the county • 3 years the property is foreclosed • auctions- 2 (first at value of taxes owed, second minimum $500) • if no buyers, City (P&DD) can acquire for no charge

Mortgage - a financial agreement between a lender and borrower that is secured by the collateral of the borrower’s real estate property

22

The County Treasurer acquires the vast majority of tax foreclosed properties. However, if the county is unable to auction off the property, the city (P&DD) can acquire it at no cost. There are currently 19,867 tax foreclosed properties in Detroit.

Underwater mortgages - a home purchase loan with a higher balance than the market value of the home.

Prevents a homeowner from selling and could result in a renegotiated loan or foreclosure.

Credit rate - likelihood that an individual pays back the money he/she borrows Default - failure to pay interest or principal when it is due Prime rate - a low rate offered to the bank’s best clients, or those who are likely to repay loan Subprime loans - loan of high risk offered to borrowers with low credit rates HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Subprime loan meltdown: • Federal Reserve cut interest rates to stimulate economy after 9/11/2001 • mortgage lenders created non-traditional subprime loans • people with poor credit signed up • interest rates increased and borrowers defaulted on mortgages • mortgage lenders foreclosed properties, but properties were worth less than value of the loan • central banks and hedge-funds had to release liquidity into the market to help struggling lenders make payments

better maintained favorable conditions

mortgage foreclosure abandoned and underutilized parcels

e

homeowner occupied

re

lu fai

g tga

or

ym

a op

t

vacant / destroyed adds little value to the area (jobs, housing, amenities, property tax) attracts speculators

The County Treasure

acquires a the vast drain on public resources

majority of tax forecl properties. However the county is unable auction the property city (P&DD) can acqu at no cost. There are currently 19,867 tax foreclosed propertie Detroit.

blight on neighborhood

fai

lur

et

tax foreclosure

op

ay

tax

es surplus of public parcels

Figure 6.13  Foreclosure loops.

Sources: Investopedia.com, Detroit Public Works Project (Liquid Planning, Public Land)

integrated community use

favorable conditions

Land Banks

County

City/Local

DLBA Detroit Land Bank Authority

tax foreclosure

agency surplus

targeted acquisition

contribution

23

A.4. TRANSPORTATION The infrastructure of transportation favors the automobile and other vehicular traffic modes, and lacks a comprehensive strategy to facilitate all other modes and residents’ needs.

Bus routes connecting downtown and crosstown are: 30, 72, 16, 29, 23 and 39; all run north-south, with several running 7 days a week. The 18, 43 and 15 run east-west, again with several running 7 days a week. Finally, the 78, runs along the freeway, providing access to the greater region.

24

Figure4 6.14  Photographic Inventory of the Existing Conditions (Liquid Planning, Transportation) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

25

5

SidewalkSidewalk Buffer Types Buffer Types Paved Surfaces Sidewalk Sidewalk Buffer Types Buffer Types B

B

A AB

A

B

D

A

22 ft

C 22 ft

30,000 - 60,000 10,000 - 30,000 Less than 10,000

A

A

A

Figure 6.16 Traffic Volume in Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT), 2011 (Liquid Planning, Transportation)

BC

B

B

C

15 ft

10 ft

13 ft

22 ft

015 ft ft 5 ft 11 ft

B

22 ft

0 ft

C

D10 ft

0 ft

Figure 6.17 Sidewalk11 ftInventory (Liquid Planning, 13 ft 5 ft 11 ft Transportation) 0 ft 10 ft 11 ft 13 ft

10 ft

13 ft

15 ft 22 ft

7 ft

10 ft

15 ft

6 ft

0 ft 5 ft

11 ft

22 ft

15 ft 5 ft

13 ft

7 ft

0 ft 11 ft

10 ft 13 ft

15 ft 6 ft

Figure 6.18 Public Transit , Bus (Liquid Planning, Transportation) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

13 ft

13 ft

15 ft

D

15

10 ft 7 ft

6 ft

11 ft

11 ft

A

15 ft 5 ft

C

7

0 ft 10 ft 13 ft 7 ft

11 ft 0 ft

0 ft

22 ft

15 ft

D

15 ft

0 ft

5 ft

5 ft

D

C

10 ft 15 ft

11 ft

22 ft

C

15 ft

5 ft

B

C

5 ft 22 ft

15 ft

5 ft

A

C

D

22 ft

A 26

C

D

D A

B

Figure 6.15 Distribution of Paved Surfaces (Liquid Planning, Transportation)

C

D

Sidewalk Buffer Types

B

10 ft 13 15 ft ft

7 ft 6 ft

6f

Figure 6.19  14th St. (one-way) Section (Liquid Planning, Transportation)

Figure 6.20  La Belle St. (two-way) Section (Liquid Planning, Transportation)

Various types of streets in the neighborhood provide possibilities to try out different environmental friendly designs.

27

12

existiNg iNfrastrUCtUral barriers Infrastructural barriers

The three primary barriers separating Hope Village The three primary barriers separating HOPE Village and blocking connections and interconnections are: from surrounding neighborhoods are: 1. Highway 10 John C. Lodge freeway (1)2.Highway 10 John Lodge freeway Abandoned rail C. corridor (2) Abandoned rail corridor 3. West Davison St. (3) West Davison St.

The Lodge freeway, located on theonnorthern edgeedge The Lodge Freeway, located the northern of Hope Village separates the Northern Zone of HOPE Village separates the Northern from from the adjacent neighbourhood asas well the adjacent neighborhood wellasasthe the Central ZoneZone fromfrom thethe Eastern Central EasternZone.

Zone.The Theroad road itselfitself becomes a physical boundry while the green becomes a physical boundary while the green zone zone sorrounding it creates a spatial separation surrounding it creates a spatial separation through creation of of underutilized through the the creation undesirable space. space. bridges, spanning freeway, CrossCross roadsroads and and bridges, spanning thethe freeway, physically connect neighborhoodsbut but fail do not physically connect the the neighbourhoods render a pedestrian friendly environment. to have a significant impact due to their failure to respond to “specialized program”.

The abandoned rail corridor separates the The abandoned rail corridor separates Northern Zone from the rest of HOPE Village. The the Northern Zone from the rest of Hope Village. corridor is abutted by abandoned and underutilized The corridor utililizes the abandoned buildings buildings, with the large paved or finished surfaces. as physical obstructions while the large paved or finished surfaces which hold no active program West Davison Street, through its use of commercial creat undesired spaces and therefore separation. property, large roads and paved surfaces, 28 The corridor has “weak spots” where the division separates the West and Central Zones from its is considerably less creating ideal spots for neighbors. intervention.

West Davison Street, through its use of commercial property, large roads and paved surfaces, separates the West and Central Zones from its neighbours. These obstructions, combined with a lack of organized crossing points and side streets create a major division prohibiting the sharing of “specialized program”.

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

29

13 9

DISCONNECTING BOUNDARIES INTERCONNECTING BOUNDARIES

Figure 6.21 Existing Infrastructure Barriers (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 02

Connectivity

Marshall, Thurgood Elementary School

Ben Hill Park

HOPE Community Park Community Garden

Joy Preparatory Academy

EDUCATIONAL

Salsinger Playground Edward M Turner Primary School Glazer Elementary School

CULTURAL Ford - La Salle Park Community Garden

RECREATIONAL

Railway Public Space Connection Detroit Public Library

Chesterfield Food Market

RETAIL

Detroit City High School

Detroit Public School Arts In Atlas Market

30

Stewart Elementary School

Figure 6.22  Interconnections (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

31

NODES OF INTERCONNECTION OPPORTUNITIES

intensity of servised areas (1/4 m radius)

GREEN RAILWAY

HIGH

NODES OF INTERCONNECTION

LOW

intensity of servised areas (1/4 m radius)

A.5. NEIGHBORHOODS The concept of neighborhood was first presented to the city of Detroit in their 1951 Master Plan where city officials divided the city into “neighborhood units” which could support local commerce, schools and foster community. HOPE Village is a 100-block area on the edge of Detroit and Highland Park which aims to establish this definition of “neighborhood” but lacks the resources and infrastructure to create a cohesive “sense” of neighborhood. With a much larger scale, lower density, and lacking amenities, HOPE Village is a compilation of four districts which differ socially, culturally, and are physically divided by the presence of infrastructural barriers.

Figure 6.23 Existing neighborhood divisions within HOPE Village (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

32

Figure 6.24 Neighborhood Unit boundaries presented in 1951 Detroit Master Plan (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit is a framework for urban planners attempting to design functional, self-contained, and desirable neighborhoods inherited from the early 20th century. Not very different from today’s goals, the driving forces behind the creation of these units were the opportunity to create a safe community where residents had access to basic everyday services including schools, grocery stores, community centers, shopping districts, churches, parks and open space.

The 1951 Detroit Master Plan adapted these principles, outlining a “Neighborhood Unit” as follows: - Housing roughly 5,000 residents, enough to support an elementary school, - Each pockets should be able to support their own elementary school, playgrounds, small stores, and is bounded by major thoroughfares.

RESIDENTIAL

PUBLIC SPACE

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Figure 6.25 1951 Detroit Master Plan “Neighborhood Unit” (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

- To discourage through traffic, neighborhoods should develop in quiet residential islands to protect children from heavy automobile traffic.

Revisiting the 1951 Detroit Master Plan, the current definition of the HOPE Village is a collection of three partial neighborhood units and contains only a fraction of the intended population. Repurposing the model presented in the master plan to fit the existing HOPE Village neighborhood begins to show how this area can become a unified neighborhood, better servicing its residents.

33

Figure 6.26 Photographic Inventory of the Neighborhoods (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

Identified undeserved areas

Marshall, Thurgood Elementary School

Ben Hill Park

HOPE Community Park Community Garden

Joy Preparatory Academy Salsinger Playground Edward M Turner Primary School Glazer Elementary School

Ford - La Salle Park Community Garden Parkman Branch Public Library

Chesterfield Food Market Detroit City High School

Detroit Public School Arts In Atlas Market

Stewart Elementary School

34

Community Gardens Grocery Stores Schools Playgrounds & Fields Libraries

Figure 6.27  Basic Public Service (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

1/4

le mi

ius

rad

Figure 6.28 Community Gardens (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

Figure 6.31 Retail: Grocery Stores (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

Figure 6.29 Playgrounds & Playfields (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

Figure 6.32 Library (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

35

Figure 6.30 Schools (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

Figure 6.33 Services Radii encompassing Neighborhood (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods)

A.6. SPACE AND MATERIALITY The spatial and material composition of this section focuses on the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood’s physical and natural elements, and their levels of porosity. The neighborhood is home to a variety of built and environmental features. The photographs represent a general swatch of the textures present.

Overall, there is a wealth of vegetation and organic materials but there are also many paved and impermeable surfaces.

Parcels Residential

Land Cover Zoning

Zoning

Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Figure 6.34 Hierarchy of Surface Permeability (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

36

Figure 6.35 Photographic Inventory of Materiality (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Commercial

Materiality in section: a typical residential block Houses, overgrown lots and paved roads are the building blocks to a complex material palette that comprises the section of a typical residential block in the HOPE Village study area. An understanding of roofs, slabs, basements, and root structures adds an additional layer of material relationships to the section, allowing us to begin to visualize relevant adjacencies and juxtapositions at various locations through the block.

Detroit is especially vulnerable to groundwater contamination due to the thinness of glacial drift deposits. These deposits, comprised of soil and rock particles, lay on top of the bedrock that

houses groundwater underneath. As a result of its thin top layer, Detroit’s fresh groundwater supply is at a higher risk than other geographies in Michigan.

To combat the pollution associated with runoff water into the soil, natural features can improve water absorption before the polluted materials reach the bedrock.

One potential site for scaled impact may be the typical compacted gravel alley that runs through most residential blocks. Currently most of these alleys exist in disrepair and impressive overgrowth, and are a common site for illegal dumping.

Shallow Root System Typ. Basement Depth Deep Root System

Shallow Root System Shallow Root Elevated Distributor

Ground Level Distributor Typ. Basement Depth Typ. Basement Absorber

DeepDeep Root System Root

Elev.

Distributor Elevated Distributor Grd. Distributor Ground Level Distributor Absorber Absorber

Shallow Root System Shallow Root Basement Depth Typ.Typ.Basement Deep Root System Deep Root

Elevated Distributor Elev. Distributor Ground Level Distributor Grd. Distributor Absorber Absorber

Figure 6.36  Materiality in Section (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

Shallow Root System Typ. Basement Depth Deep Root System

37

Permeability of surfaces by Zoning Figure 6.37 Zoning Impervious Surface Coefficients (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

42% | Low-Density Residential 57% | Commercial + Industrial 77% | High-Density Residential

2 3

Percentage of Land by Zoning 227.06 Acres | 49% 10.50 Acres | 02% 225.42 Acres | 49%

38

The porosity of land based on zoning is divided into three categories: (1) low-density (2) high-density residential (3) commercial/industrial The standards for the above impervious surface coefficients [ISC] come from the Environment Protection Agency (EPA). Permeability is represented by a blue gradient, the darker the HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

0.25

0.5

1 Miles

1

0

Low-Density Residential

High-Density Residential

Commercial + Industrial

R1

R5

B2

R2

B4

R3

M3 M5

color, the more pervious the surface is expected to be.

Based on the map above, low-density residential, with an impervious surface coefficient of 42%, should hold the most water. However, this 42% ISC can differ greatly depending on the land use and the amount of physical or natural elements on each parcel. This is important as roughly half [49%] of the land is zoned as low-density residential.

Permeability of roads by classification

Figure 6.38 Road Impervious Surface Coefficients (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

In addition to the zoning of land, another major source for impervious surfaces are the many roadways crossing throughout the area. Impervious surface coefficients for roads (taken from averages of California’s ISC’s) are assigned based on the road’s National Functional Classification (NFC).

Within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood, there are the following roadway classifications (with local roads being the remainder of streets not mentioned): In general, highways experience the greatest level Highway Arterial Collector

M-10 Davidson Dexter Fenkell

Hamilton Linwood Rosa Parks

Oakman

of permeability for stormwater [47% ISC], due to their large gravel shoulders and vegetated buffers.

Additionally, arterial roads [77% ISC] provide greater opportunities for water absorption than most local [87%] or collector roads [90%].

Within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood, local roads constitute the majority of road cover at 72.6%.

Given that local roads have the second highest ISC, improvements to stormwater management in these areas should be a priority.

The only collector road, Oakman Boulevard,has the highest ISC and accounts for 7.8% of the roadways.

Oakman is enclosed by medians which mitigate some of the stormwater pollution and runoff.

0

0.25

0.50

47% | Highway

87% | Local

77% | Arterial

90% | Collector

Percentage of Roadways within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood by their NFC

1.00 Miles

Local | 72.6% Arterial | 14.5% Collector | 7.8% Highway | 5.9%

The National Functional Classifications are taken from MDOT, December 2011.

39

Figure 6.39 Oakman Boulevard (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

Permeability Determined by Ground Cover | A Neighborhood Block This diagram provides a deconstruction of a neighborhood block into six ground cover typologies. Each typologies has a unique mix of earth, pavement, and roof cover. For instance, typology one features a typical occupied residential parcel in Detroit, complete with a detached garage, and driveway. Similarly, typology six is a purely vacant lot with no structure.

Permeability rmeability Determined by Ground Cover Neighborhood ghborhood Block

Surface types Earth Pavement Roof Figure 6.40 A Neighborhood Block Ground Cover (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

Type One

40

Uncovering these parcel typologies and their corresponding permeability allows for a greater understanding of the neighborhood block as a whole as each block can be then re-created into low, medium and high density vacancy blocks.

Aggregating multiple blocks in the neighborhood provides a more precise estimation of the block’s permeability than traditional zoning.

Type Two

Type Three

1,200 sf | 25%

2,300 sf | 48%

1,524 sf | 32%

1,900 sf | 39%

800 sf | 17%

1,900 sf | 39%

1,724 sf | 36%

1,724 sf | 36%

1,400 sf | 29%

Type Four

Type Five

Type Six

2,064 sf | 43%

2,624 sf | 54%

1,360 sf | 28%

800 sf | 17%

1,400 sf | 29%

1,400 sf | 29%

Figure 6.41 Ground Cover Typologies by Residential Parcel (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

4,104 sf | 85% 720 sf | 15% 0 sf | 0%

Permeability Determined by Ground Cover | A Commercial Block Using the same approach as the residential block, this diagram dissects a typical commercial block into four different lot types. There is a wider range of ground cover configurations in commercial zones than in residential zones, but they can generally be broken down into the types shown here. These typologies include [1] a parcel with only a structure, [2] a parcel with only a parking lot, [3] a combination of a structure with an attached parking lot and minimal landscaping and [4] a vacant lot with no structure.

Surface types Earth Pavement Roof Figure 6.42  A Commercial Block Ground Cover (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) Type One

Type Three

0 sf | 0%

0 sf | 0%

10,730 sf | 40%

26,680 sf | 100% 0 sf | 0%

15,950 sf | 60% Type Two

Type Four

41

600 sf | 2%

15,950 sf | 60%

24,280 sf | 91%

10,730 sf | 40%

1,800 sf | 7%

0 sf | 0%

Figure 6.43  Ground Cover Typologies by Commercial Parcel (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

Permeability Determined by parcel | A neighborhood Block

Permeability Determined by parcel | A commercial block

Using our per-parcel analysis of typical configurations of built and natural elements and their aggregate effect on each typical lots’ impervious surface coefficient, we can begin to develop a more accurate reading of an entire city block and its relative impervious surface coefficient. For example, the block type illustrated above represents a typical “Medium-Density Residential” block. Averaging the array of parcel-based impervious surface coefficients we can say that this block type has an impervious surface coefficient of 49%. This figure conveys the patchwork nature of occupancy, vacancy and natural growth and ground cover across such a block.

Similarly, the block type here represents a typcial “Commercial” block and has an impervious surface coefficient of 92%. This figure points to the overwhelming presence of hardscapes (paved surfaces, large commercial roofs) on this block type. While there is an additional variety of typologies of commercial blocks across the study area, additional research and data collection should be employed to develop these typical conditions.

Permeability rmeability Determined by Lot Neighborhood ghborhood Block

42

Surface types 75% impervious

15% impervious Figure 6.44 A Neighborhood Block Parcel Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.45 A Commercial Block Parcel Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

Permeability determined by block | Typical block typology Residential blocks can be further categorized as High-Density, Medium-Density, and Low-Density, each typical condition having increasingly high Permeability determiNed by blOCK | tyPiCal blOCK tyPOlOgy impervious surface coefficient. At this scale of analysis it becomes more apparent the wide spectrum of general surface conditions that exist across the study area in respect to porous/ Permeability determiNed by blOCK | tyPiCal blOCK tyPOlOgy absorptive surface conditions.

Typ. High-Density Residential:

Typ. Medium-Density Residential:

42% Impervious Surface

49% Impervious Surface

Typ. High-Density Residential:

Typ. Medium-Density Residential:

42% Impervious Surface Typ. High-Density Residential:

49% Impervious Surface Typ. Medium-Density Residential:

42% Impervious Surface

49% Impervious Surface 43

Typ. Low-Density Residential:

Typ. Commercial:

63% Impervious Surface Typ. Low-Density Residential:

Typ. Commercial: 92% Impervious Surface

92% Impervious Surface 63% Impervious Surface and Commercial Block Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) Figure 6.46  Residential

14 Typ. Low-Density Residential: 63% Impervious SurfaceTyPES SuRFACE

Typ. Commercial: 92% Impervious Surface

Permeability determined by block | Focus: HOPE study area of surfaces, this map is intended to illustrate the The map represents a composite view of process of extrapolating the accounting “elements” impervious surfaces across the HOPE Village (paving,by roofs, lawns, trees, driveways, shrubs) to based upon the four block types established in determiNed Permeability blOCK | fOCUS hOPe StUdy area be represented at a neighborhood scale. this study. While omitting industrial areas from this analysis affords an incomplete accounting

ELEMENT-BASED IMPERvIOuS Element-Based impervious surface data SuRFACE DATA 44

42% | Low-Density Residential

42% | Low-Density Residential 49% | Med-Density Residential

49% | Med-Density Residential 63% | High-Density Residential

63% | High-Density Residential 92% | Commercial

92% | Commercial Misc. Open Greenspace

Misc. Open Greenspace vacant Lot/Structure

Vacant Lot/Structure 0

0.25

0 0.50

0.25

0.50 1.00 Miles

1.00 Miles

Figure 6.47 Element-Based Impervious Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

The map above represents a composite view of impervious surfaces across the Hope village study area based upon the four block types established in this study. While omitting industrial areas from this analysis (due

15

Hard + Soft Landscapes | a pedestrian’s point of view Roughly a one mile route, this experiential path through the Focus: HOPE neighborhood is through the viewpoint of the pedestrian. We have extracted dual readings from each image: hardscapes and softscapes.

Route

Hardscapes

Softscapes

01

04

The colored rectangles next to each photograph indicate the different land uses. The images of the hardscapes show the abundance of paved surfaces, indicating a need for stromwater collection and pollution removal. In general, there is a lot of ground cover within the softscape images, but more importantly, there is a wealth of trees and shrubs, a major indicator of how permeable the ground is and how much water can be absorbed. An additional reading of these figure/ ground images is the relationships of storm water “absorbers” and “distributors,” those elements and surfaces that either absorb rain water directly or transfer it to adjacent conditions. While in general we can say that the greener softscapes may act more as “absorbers” and that the graytone hardscapes act as “distributors,” a more complex and layered relationship between these two types of conditions exists in terms of how water falls, sheets, percolates and evaporates during a rain storm and over time.

Hardscapes

07

08

09

14

Softscapes

Fence

Trees + Shrubs

Structure

Ground Cover

16

Pavement Figure 6.48 Hard+Soft Landscape (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality)

19

45

B.1. LIQUID STITCHES

TCHES

1941

he Detroit Works Project has proposed blanketing the city’s highways with 150 m green buffers. Trees act to both capture carbon given off from vehicles and reduce the city’s equirements for maintaining land. This project reframes the idea of the higway buffer from one of further disconnection to a new form of connection between historically connected arts f the city. Paths and water features soften the interaction between the pedestrian and the highway, and new access points facilitate movement where it was previously impossible. igh concentration of hardscaped surfaces in this area of the HOPE Village. Intersection of both the Lodge and Davison Freeways caused a monumental rift in the community, the efcts of which are still felt today. This proposal attempts to utilize the highway to restitch the fabric of the neighborhood through connectivity pedestrian access and water collection, movement, and distribution.

The Detroit Works Project has proposed blanketing the city’s highways with 150m green buffers. Trees act to both capture carbon given off from vehicles and reduce the city’s requirements for maintaining land. This project reframes the idea of the highway buffer from one of further disconnection to a new form of connection between historically connected parts of the city. Paths and water features soften the interaction between the pedestrian and the highway, and new access points facilitate movement where it was previously impossible.

WATER PURIFICA TION WILD BUFFER

RECRE ATIONAL EDUCA TIONAL

DISPLA Y/ SPE CTACLE

PAR K IN G (P OROUS S UR FACE)

BUFFER PATHS

CONNE CTING PATHS

WATER RUNOFF BUFFER

LIQUID STITCHES 1941

S

1961

1981

1961

1981

2012

High concentration of hardscaped surfaces in this area of the HOPE Village. Intersection of both the Lodge and Davison Freeways caused a monumental rift in the community, the effects of which are still felt today. This proposal attempts to utilize the highway to re-stitch the fabric of the neighborhood through connectivity pedestrian access and water collection, movement, and distribution.

Team members: Gregorio Avanzini, Tim Bevins, Carla Landa, Steven Luongo

2012

1941 1961 1981 2012 The Detroit Works Project has proposed blanketing the city’s highways with 150 m green buffers. Trees act to both capture carbon given off from vehicles and reduce the ci requirements for maintaining land. This project reframes the idea of the higway buffer from one of further disconnection to a new form of connection between historically parts of the city. Paths and water features soften the interaction between the pedestrian and the highway, and new access points facilitate movement where it was previously im d blanketing the city’s highways with 150 m green buffers. Trees act to both capture carbon given off from vehicles and reduce the city’s s project reframes the idea of the higway buffer from one of further disconnection to a new form of connection between historically connected High concentration of hardscaped surfaces in this area of the HOPE Village. Intersection of both the Lodge and Davison Freeways caused a monumental rift in the commun fects of which are still felt today. This proposal attempts to utilize the highway to restitch the fabric of the neighborhood through connectivity pedestrian access and water ften the interaction between the pedestrian and the highway, and new access points facilitate movement where it was previously impossible. aces in this area of the HOPE Village. Intersection of both the Lodge and Davison Freeways caused a monumental rift in the community, the ef- and distribution. movement,

roposal attempts to utilize the highway to restitch the fabric of the neighborhood through connectivity pedestrian access and water collection,

BINARY PATHS: BUFFER/ CONNECTION

WATER PURIFICA TION

VEGETATED AREA FOREST VEGETATION

WILD BUFFER RECRE ATIONAL

PATHS

EDUCA TIONAL

WATER PURIFICA TION

DISPLA Y/ SPE CTACLE

WILD BUFFER

PAR K IN G (P OROUS S UR FACE)

BUFFER PATHS

RECRE ATIONAL

F 90

CONNE CTING PATHS

EDUCA TIONAL

WATER RUNOFF BUFFER

48

DISPLA Y/ SPE CTACLE 4.00IN

PAR K IN G (P OROUS S UR FA

BUFFER PATHS CONNE CTING PATHS r

r

be

be

m ce de

r

r

be

be

m

to oc

ve no

ly

st gu

em pt

ne

ju

ju

se

au

ril

ay

ch

m

ap

ar m

ar nu

br fe

ja

ua

y

ry

0.00IN

WATER RUNOFF BUFFER

MONUMENTAL WATER FOUNTAIN WATER FEATURES

BINARY PATHS: BUFFER/ CONNECTION

WATER BASINS & COLLECTION PONDS

VEGETATED AREA FOREST VEGETATION

Figure 6.49 Analysis and Site Selection for Liquid Stitches PATHS

SCULPTURAL WATER HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work 90

F

BINARY PATHS: BUFFER/ CONNECTION

VEGETATED AREA FOREST VEGETATION

4.00IN

WATER PURIFICA TION WILD BUFFER RECRE ATIONAL EDUCA TIONAL DISPLA Y/ SPE CTACLE

PAR K IN G (P OROUS S UR FACE)

BUFFER PATHS CONNE CTING PATHS WATER RUNOFF BUFFER

MONUMENTAL WATER FOUNTAIN

SCULPTURAL WATER

INTERACTIVE WATER FEATURES

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

LIQUID STITCHES BIO POOL

PERMEABLE/ FLEXIBLE PARKING LOTS

The Detroit Works Project has proposed blanketing the city’s highways with 150 m green buffers. Trees act to both capture carbon given off from vehicles and reduce the city’s requirements for maintaining land. This project reframes the idea of the higway buffer from one of further disconnection to a new form of connection between historically connected parts of the city. Paths and water features soften the interaction between the pedestrian and the highway, and new access points facilitate movement where it was previously impossible.

High concentration of hardscaped surfaces in this area of the HOPE Village. Intersection of both the Lodge and Davison Freeways caused a monumental rift in the community, the effects of which are still felt today. This proposal attempts to utilize the highway to restitch the fabric of the neighborhood through connectivity pedestrian access and water collection, movement, and distribution.

WILD WATER MANAGMENT

49 EDUCATIONAL SPACES

WATER PURIFICA TION WILD BUFFER RECRE ATIONAL EDUCA TIONAL DISPLA Y/ SPE CTACLE

PAR K IN G (P OROUS S UR FACE)

BUFFER PATHS CONNE CTING PATHS

Figure 6.50 Illustrative Plan for Liquid Stitches

MONUMENTAL WATER FOUNTAIN

WATER RUNOFF BUFFER

LIQUID STITCHES

1941

1961

1981

2012

The Detroit Works Project has proposed blanketing the city’s highways with 150 m green buffers. Trees act to both capture carbon given off from vehicles and reduce the city’s requirements for maintaining land. This project reframes the idea of the higway buffer from one of further disconnection to a new form of connection between historically connected parts of the city. Paths and water features soften the interaction between the pedestrian and the highway, and new access points facilitate movement where it was previously impossible.

High concentration of hardscaped surfaces in this area of the HOPE Village. Intersection of both the Lodge and Davison Freeways caused a monumental rift in the community, the effects of which are still felt today. This proposal attempts to utilize the highway to restitch the fabric of the neighborhood through connectivity pedestrian access and water collection, movement, and distribution.

BUFFER AREA CONSTRUCTED: NATURAL PARKS WITHIN THE HIGHWAY BUFFER

BUFFER PATHS

(landscape water features & native plants)

WATER PURIFICA TION

BUFFER AREA CONSTRUCTED: NATURAL PARKS WITHIN THE HIGHWAY BUFFER

BUFFER PATHS

WILD BUFFER RECRE ATIONAL EDUCA TIONAL DISPLA Y/ SPE CTACLE PAR K IN G (P OROUS S UR FACE)

(landscape water features & native plants)

BUFFER PATHS CONNE CTING PATHS WATER RUNOFF BUFFER

BUFFER AREA CONSTRUCTED: NATURAL PARKS WITHIN THE HIGHWAY BUFFER

MONUMENTAL WATER FOUNTAIN

BUFFER PATHS BUFFER AREA CONSTRUCTED: NATURAL Extended walkway WITHIN THE HIGHWAY BUFFER (landscape water featuresPARKS & native plants)

Retention Pond

BUFFER PATHS

(landscape water features & native plants) SCULPTURAL WATER

Extended walkway Palm Sedge

Palm Sedge

Tussock Sedge

Blue Joint

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

Palm Sedge

Tussock Sedge

American burreed

Retention Pond

American burreed

Arrowhead

Blue Flag Iris

Swamp Milkweed

Arrowhead

American bur-

Retention Pond reed

Blue Flag Iris

Arrowhead

Blue Flag Iris

Swamp Milkweed

Swamp Milkweed

BINARY PATHS: BUFFER/ CONNECTION

VEGETATED AREA

BIO POOL

FOREST VEGETATION

Blue Joint Grass

Palm Sedge

American burreed

Tussock Sedge

Water Overflow Planting

Arrowhead

Blue Flag Iris

Swamp Milkweed

PATHS

Pressure-Driven Irrigation

PERMEABLE/ FLEXIBLE PARKING LOTS

90

Water Plantain

Tulip Tree

Red Maple

Michigan Lily

Virginia Mountain Mint

F

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

4.00IN

WILD WATER MANAGMENT

Pressure-Driven Irrigation

er

er

er mb ve no

y

st

er

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mb

tob

au

oc

pte

y

e

jul

ril

ma

jun

ry

se

jan

ua

ry

0.00IN

rch

EDUCATIONAL SPACES

Water Overflow Planting

ap

Buttonbush

rua

Lizard’s Tail

ma

Wool Grass

feb

Manna Grass

mb

Blue Joint Grass

Grass Grass Extended walkway

Tussock Sedge

ce

Manna Grass

Manna

Retention Pond

Blue Joint Grass

INTERACTIVE WATER FEATURES

de

Manna Grass Extended walkway

50 Water Overflow Planting Wool Grass

Lizard’s Tail

Pressure-Driven Irrigation

A Under Highway Bridge Connection

Buttonbush

Water Plantain

Tulip Tree

Red Maple

Michigan Lily

Virginia Mountain Mint

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED L WATER FEATURES

WATER BASINS & COLLECTION PONDS

Pressure-Driven Irrigation

Water Overflow Planting Wool Grass

Wool Grass

Lizard’s Tail

Lizard’s Tail

Buttonbush

Buttonbush

B Parallel Highway Connection

Water Plantain

Tulip Tree

Water Plantain

Tulip Tree

BUFFER AREA: TREE PLATINGS

Figure 6.51 Site Strategies for Liquid Stitches HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work A Under Highway Bridge Connection

A Under Highway Bridge Connection

Red Maple

Red Maple

Michigan Lily

Michigan Lily

Virginia Mountain Mint

Virginia Mountain Mint

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

51 BUFFER AREA: TERRACED LANDSCAPE

BUFFER AREA: TREE PLATINGS

Figure 6.52 Renderings for Liquid Stitches BUFFER AREA: TREE PLATINGS

BUFFER AREA: TREE PLATINGS

RUNNING IN CIRCLES

Robin Chhabra, Ryan Ornberg, Reshmi Ravindran, Oleksandra (Sasha) Topolnytska

Running in Circles, seeks to mediate stormwater run off in Detroit and investigate its playfulness as result of its juxtaposition with schoolyards. As a neighborhood planning unit, the school in Detroit was the loci of the community. However changes in Public School District policies determined that students could go to any school within Detroit that they chose. This generally meant that kids with access to a vehicle and economically well off could travel further to go to B.2. RUNNING IN CIRCLES good schools while the less fortunate could only attend the nearest walkable school, leading to an inequality in educational facilities. This project seeks to re-establish the schoolyard as a Chhabra, by Ryan Ornberg,up Reshmi Ravindran, Topolnytska catalyst for theRobin community opening the site to its Oleksandra neighbors(Sasha) and invite them to partake in liquid activities.

Storm collected from the street through series ofso wetlands Running inwater Circles,isseeks to mediate stormwater runand off infiltered Detroit and investigate its playfulness of wetlands while also being chemically treated Running in Circles, seeks to mediate stormwater Robin Chhabra, Ornberg, with Reshmi Ravindran, As Oleksandra (Sasha) Topolnytska as chemically result of its Ryan juxtaposition schoolyards. a neighborhood planning unit,water the school while also being treated so that it is clean enough to interact with. The travels in Detroit was the seeks loci ofto the community. changes in and Public Schoolwater District policies Running Circles, mediate stormwater run off Detroit investigate its that itinand is clean enough toHowever interact with.

The run off in Detroit and investigate its playfulnessinto asvarious reservoirs design elements where it can bein used for education orplayfulness amusement. determined students could to any school Detroit thatplanning they chose. as result of that its juxtaposition withgoschoolyards.

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The project, canthey take advantage of grants determined that students could go to school within Detroit that chose.

This generally good schools while the less fortunate could only attend the nearest walkable school, leading meant that kids with access to aeducational vehicle and well off travel to goto tobuild to an inequality inas educational facilities.

Thiseconomically project to using re-establish thefurther schoolyard as a coming through FocusHope well as grantsseeks while the community where itwhile can for orcould amusement. neighborhood planning unit, the school in Detroit schools thebe lessbyused fortunate could only the nearest school, leading in catalyst for With the community opening up theeducation siteattend to its take neighbors invite them to partake and sustain thegood project. children as the focus, they can partand inwalkable learning how to care for to an inequality educational seeks to filtered re-establish theseries schoolyard as a liquid activities. in Storm water isfacilities. collectedThis fromproject the street and through of wetlands their community and experience new tosoplay.

While taking place in the Focus: HOPE community, was the loci of the community. However changes catalyst for the community byways opening up theit site to itsenough neighbors and invite them partake in while also being chemically treated that is clean to interact with.

Thetowater travels

RUNNING IN CIRCLES RUNNING IN CIRCLES

NING IN CIRCLES

liquid activities.

Storm water is collected fromwhere the street and through series wetlands into various reservoirs and design elements it can befiltered used for education orof amusement.

while being chemically treated socommunity, that it is clean to interact with. The water sites travels the projects can span across 5 school While also taking place in the FocusHope the enough projects can spansites across 5 school and into various design where it can used for education or amusement. perhaps actreservoirs as a largerand model forelements the rest of Detroit.

Thebeproject, can take advantage of grants While taking place in the FocusHope community, the projects can span across 5 school sites and comingperhaps through FocusHope wellaaslarger educational grants while using the rest community to build and actasas model for the perhaps act the as aproject. larger model for the rest of focus, Detroit.they Thecan project, can take advantage and sustain With children as the take part in learning howof togrants care for 1 asways coming through FocusHope as well educational grants advantage while using the community theirDetroit. community and experience new to play.take of The project, can of to build and sustain the project. With children as the focus, they can take part in learning how to care for 3 their community and experience new ways to play. grants coming through Focus: HOPE as well as educational grants while using the community to 2 1 4 3 build and sustain the project.

With children as the 1 3 focus, they can take part2 in learning how to care for 4 2 2 new ways to play. their community and experience 4

in Public School District policies determined that students could go to any school within Detroit that a, Ryan Ornberg, Reshmi Ravindran, Oleksandra (Sasha) Topolnytska chose.

This generally meant that kids its with rcles, seeks tothey mediate stormwater run off in Detroit and investigate playfulness ts juxtaposition with schoolyards.

As a neighborhood planning unit, school access to a vehicle and economically well off the could s the loci of the community. However changes in Public School District policies travel to gowithin to good schools hat students could gofurther to any school Detroit that theywhile chose.the Thisless generally ds with access to a vehicle and economically well off could travel further fortunate could only attend the nearest walkableto go to while the less fortunate could only attend the nearest walkable school, leading school, leading to anseeks inequality in educational ty in educational facilities.

This project to re-establish the schoolyard as a e community facilities. by opening This up theproject site to itsseeks neighbors and invite themthe to partake in to re-establish s. Storm water is collected from the street and filtered through series of wetlands a clean catalyst fortothe community ng chemicallyschoolyard treated so thatas it is enough interact with. The by water travels eservoirs and opening design elements where it can be used for education or amusement. up the site to its neighbors and invite place in the FocusHope community, the projects can span across 5 school sites and them in liquid activities.

Storm waterofisgrants s a larger model for to thepartake rest of Detroit.

The project, can take advantage gh FocusHopecollected as well as from educational grants while using the community to build the street and filtered through series

3

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DETROIT PUBLIC SCHOOL SPREAD " " " "

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"

"

" " "" "

2

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"

4

52

"

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Joy Preparatory Site Area: 49,315 sqft.

Joy Preparatory 20% Site Area: 49,315 20% sqft.

" "

" "

"

"

"

" " " " " "" " " """ " " """ " " " " "" " " "" "" " " "" " " " " " " "" " " "" " " " " "" "" " " " " "" " " " " "" "" " "" " " " "" " " "" " "" " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " "" " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " "" " "" " " "" " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " "" " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " "" "" " " " " " " " "" " " "" " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " "

"

"" ""

3

"

"

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1

"

"

"

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4

WATER BOWL

3 Joy Prepatory Academy 1 Robeson (former) 4 GlazerAcademy Elementary School 2 Focus Hope Center Children 5 Academy for the for Arts 3 Joy Prepatory Academy 20% 4 Glazer Elementary School 5 Academy for the Arts 20%

" "

"

"

" " " " PUBLIC " DETROIT SCHOOL SPREAD " " " "" "

WATER BOWL

1 Robeson Academy (former) 2 Focus Hope Center for Children 3 Joy Prepatory Academy 41Glazer Elementary School Robeson Academy (former) 52Academy for the Arts Focus Hope Center for Children

5

5

" "

WATER

Team members: Robin Chhabra, Ryan Ornberg, 5 Reshmi Ravindran, Oleksandra Topolnytska

he project. With children as the focus, they can take part in learning how to care for nity and experience new ways to play.

DETROIT PUBLIC SCHOOL SPREAD " "

1

20% Joy Preparatory Site Area: 49,315 sqft.

FH Children’s Center 20% Center FH Children’s Site Site Area: 139,835 Area: 139,835sqft. sqft.

20% 20% FH Children’s Center Site Area: 139,835 sqft.

20% Academy of Arts Academy of Arts Site Area: 213,849 sqft.

Site Area: 213,849 Academy of Arts sqft.

5

x4

x4 x4

x 8.5

x 8.5 x 8.5

x 11.5

x 11.5

x 11.5

Site Area: 213,849 sqft.

Glazier Elementary Site Area: 356,462 sqft.

Glazier Elementary Glazier Elementary Site Area: 356,462 sqft.

x 20 x 20x

20

Site Area: 356,462 sqft.

RIVER FLOW

"

RIVER FLOW

"

RIVER F

WATER BOWL

SPLISHY SPLASH SPONGE

AMPHITEATER FO AMPHITEATER FOR S

5 1 Robeson Academy (former) 2 Focus Hope Center for Children 3 Joy Prepatory Academy 4 Glazer Elementary School 5 Academy for the Arts

SCHOOL SPREAD " " "

"

" "

"

"

"

"

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"

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"

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"

20%

Water Calculation Diagram Water Calculation Diagram

Water Tower = 30,000gallons Robeson Academy Water Tower =Site 30,000gallons Area: 1,896,910

Water Tower = 30,000gallons

FH Children’s Center Site Area: 139,835 sqft.

20%

x 8.5

Academy of Arts Site Area: 213,849 sqft.

x 11.5

" "

" "

sqft.

Site Surface Area

x 100

Site Surface Area

Road Surface Area

Water Calculation Diagram

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

"

"

Site Area: 49,315 sqft.

"

"

" "

Road Surface Area

Figure 6.53 Analysis and Site Selection for Running Joy Preparatory x 4 in Circles

" "

x 100 x 100 Road Surface Area

20%

" "

Robeson Academy Site Area: 1,896,910 sqft.

Robeson Academy Site Area: 1,896,910 sqft.

Site Surface Area

AMPHIT

ayfulness he school t, Oleksandra policies(Sasha) Topolnytska run off in Detroit and investigate its playfulness generally As a neighborhood planning unit, the school r to go to ver changes in Public School District policies Detroit that they chose. This generally l,within leading nomically well off could travel further to go to yard as a y attend the nearest walkable school, leading ject seeks to partake inre-establish the schoolyard as a to its neighbors and invite them to partake in wetlands street and filtered through series of wetlands eantravels enough to interact with. The water travels er re it can be used for education or amusement. usement. he projects can span across 5 school sites and roit.

The and project, can take advantage of grants sites al grants while using the community to build of grants s, they can take part in learning how to care for y. to build o care for

RCLES

2 2

3

6

3

6

4

4

1

1

5

5 1 Glazer Elementary School 2 Water Collection 3 Purification Biotope 4 Splishy Splash 5 Community Garden 6 Running Mounds

3

4

1 Glazer Elementary School 2 Water Collection 3 Purification Biotope 4 Splishy Splash 5 Community Garden 6 Running Mounds WATER BOWL

SPLISHY SPLASH SPONGE

1 Robeson Academy (former) 2 Focus Hope Center for Children 3 Joy Prepatory Academy 4 Glazer Elementary School 5 Academy for the Arts

20%

x4

Joy Preparatory Site Area: 49,315 sqft.

20% FH Children’s Center Site Area: 139,835 sqft.

20%

former) for Children emy School ts

WATER BOWL x 8.5

Academy of Arts Site Area: 213,849 sqft.

x 11.5

Glazier Elementary Site Area: 356,462 sqft.

x 20

SPLISHY SPLASH SPONGE

RIVER FLOW

WATER WHEEL

DISAPPEARING ISLANDS

53 COMMUNITY GARDENS

.5 AMPHITEATER FOR SKATING

SKATE PARK

1.5

0

Robeson Academy Site Area: 1,896,910 sqft.

x 100 Road Surface Area

Water Tower = 30,000gallons

Site Surface Area

Figure 6.54 Design Strategies at the Glazer for Running in Circles RIVER FLOW

WATER WHEEL

COMMUNITY GARDENS

DISAPPEARING ISLANDS

7

6

7 4 5 3

6 4 5 3

1

2

1

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Amphitheater Skate Park Running Mounds Temporary Orchard Community Garden Rainwater Collection Purification Biotope

Amphitheater Skate Park Running Mounds Temporary Orchard Community Garden Rainwater Collection Purification Biotope

54

Section A, scale 1/4” = 1’

Wood Boardwalk

Drainage Layer w/ pipe

Round Gravel

Purification Biotope

Sand & Plant Substrate

Railway Ballast

Sealing Structure

Figure 6.55 Design Strategy at the former Robeson School Grounds for Running in Circles HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work Section A, scale 1/4” = 1’

Wood Boardwalk

Drainage Layer w/ pipe

Round Gravel

Purification Biotope

Sand & Plant Substrate

Railway Ballast

Sealing Structure

ture

55

Figure 6.56  Renders for Running in Circles

B.3. [A]FORESTATION [A]Forestation is utilizing water as the link of people and nature to facilitate the education, public interaction and productivity in Focus: HOPE area.

The site locates in the Northwest corner of HOPE Village, where Robeson Academy used to be.

The project is divided into three phases regarding the social resources it receives. 1 - 3 years, low resources are introduced to initiate the job training academy of tree nursery. 3 - 7 years, the nursery farm and community orchard are matured, which attract more resources to build up the botanical gardens for the neighborhood. 7 -10 years, the integration of education and public activities would be achieved, and the project becomes the center of Focus: HOPE. Team members: Efrie Friedlander, Shaoxuan Dong, Matt Cowen, Cole Gehler

56

Figure 6.57  Analysis and Site Selection for [A]Forestation HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

57

Figure 6.58  Design Strategies at the former Robeson School for [A]Forestation

58

Figure 6.59  Sectional Strategies for [A]Forestation HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

59

Figure 6.60  Design Strategies at the former Robeson School for [A]Forestation

B.4. LIQUID EDUCATION The motivation for this project was to use the existing neighborhood institutions in HOPE Village and expand upon their services to create a node at the intersection of Linwood and Oakman Boulevard. This site is both a major transportation thoroughfare, as well as home to the Focus: HOPE campus, the Parkman Branch Library and a community garden. In their own way, each of these institutions provide an educational tool for the community and unite the different districts within HOPE Village.

By identifying these three anchoring institutions, we have proposed a series of different scaled interventions which expose the flow of water across the site. These implementations are used to both educate the community about the impacts of water across HOPE Village and to create a more cohesive node uniting the existing and proposed landmarks.

Team members: Paul Fromm, Ellen Manasse, Paul McBride, Wen Zhong

60

Figure 6.61  Analysis and Site Selection for Liquid Education HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Sections

Liquid Education Why

Team Members: Anthony Killian, Ellen Manasse, Paul McBride, Wen Zhong

Hop

The motivation Village and exp and Oakman B as home to the garden. In the the community

Small Scale

Median Scale

Small Scale

Medium Scale

Large Scale

X-Large Scale

By identifying different scale implementatio across Hope V proposed land

Large Scale

Water Capture Volume

Plants

Figure 6.62  Design Strategies for Liquid Education

Big Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii

Little Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii

Black Huckleberry

Gaylussacia baccata

Small Scale

Area = 69 sq ft

Time for Implementation Days

Runoff Coefficient = 10.9% impervious

Weeks Months Years

Volume for Capture = 20 gal/shelter

Common Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis

61

Common Winterberry

Ilex vertcillata

Medium Scale Total Area =

Time for Implementation Days

Weeks Months Years

Area = 180,495 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 52.9% impervious Volume for Capture = 258,106 gal

Area = 79,255 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 10.9% impervious Volume for Capture = 23,352 gal

Image of Intervention Large Scale

Indian Grass

Sorghastrum nutans

259,750 sq ft Total Volume =

281,458gal

Northern Spicebush

Switchgrass

Big Bluestem

Lindera benzoin

Panicum virgatum

Andropogon gerardii

The motivation for this project was to use the existing neighborhood institutions in Hope Village and expand upon their services to create a node at the intersection of Linwood and Oakman Boulevard. This site is both a major transportation thoroughfare, as well as home to the FocusHOPE campus, the Parkman Branch Library and a community garden. In their own way, each of these institutions provide an educational tool for the community and unite the differnt districts within Hope Village.

Small Scale

Medium Scale

Large Scale

X-Large Scale

By identifying these three anchoring institutions, we have proposed a series of different scaled interventions which expose the flow of water across the site. These implementations are used to both educate the community about the impacts of water across Hope Village and to create a more cohesive node uniting the existing and proposed landmarks.

Water Capture Volume

Plants

Big Bluestem

Strategies

Vegetation

Andropogon gerardii

Growth Medium Filter Layer

Small Scale

Root Barrier

Area = 69 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 10.9% impervious

Time for Implementation Days

Weeks Months Years

Little Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii

Black Huckleberry

Gaylussacia baccata

Drainage Layer

Connect to the sidewalk green space

Volume for Capture = 20 gal/shelter

Common Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis

Common Winterberry

Ilex vertcillata

Medium Scale Total Area =

Time for Implementation Days

Weeks Months Years

Area = 180,495 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 52.9% impervious Volume for Capture = 258,106 gal

Area = 79,255 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 10.9% impervious Volume for Capture = 23,352 gal

Indian Grass

Sorghastrum nutans

259,750 sq ft Total Volume =

281,458gal

Northern Spicebush

Lindera benzoin DitchWitch

Switchgrass

Large Scale

Big Bluestem

Library Lawn

Panicum virgatum

Filtering edge

Andropogon gerardii

water flowing into and through site cuts

site cuts sidewalk

Total Area =

Time for Implementation Days

Weeks Months Years

Area = 17,581 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 95% impervious Volume for Capture = 31,843 gal

Area = 23,559 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 10.9% impervious Volume for Capture = 7,005 gal

41,140 sq ft

Indian Grass

Sorghastrum nutans

Total Volume =

38,848 gal

62

Tomatoes

Solanum lycopersicum

Green Beans

Phaseolus vulgaris

Basil

Ocimum basilicum

XL Scale

Time for Implementation Days

Weeks Months Years

Area = 52,000 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 90% impervious Volume for Capture = 12,895 gal

Area = 151,000 sq ft Runoff Coefficient = 18.8% impervious Volume for Capture = 76,738 gal

Figure 6.63 MultiScale Strategy for Liquid Education HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Total Area = 203,000 sq ft Total Volume =

89,633 gal

Carrots

Daucus carota

Water from the street is filtered through a volume of gravel and loose soil. It then percolates into the soil at a slower rate, leaving large particulates in the filter.

Soil barriers keep the site from loosing its new geometry, while allowing soil to expand and contract as it absorbs and evaporates water.

Water from the street is filtered into and through this volume of gravel, rocks, and loose soil.

It is then able to percolate into the soil at a much slower rate, leaving large particulates in the filter.

These ‘cuts’ are literal - cuts 1-1.5 ft into the ground that are able to absorb rainwater and especially runoff from the library roof. Soil barriers keep the site from loosing its new geometry, while allowing the soil to expand and contract as it absorbs and evaporates water.

Image of Intervention

Sections

Vertical vegetation to enclose space

Angled bed to divert water towards vegetation Water tolerant, native grasses

Water tolerant, native bushes

Filtering edge to collect street run off Stone bed

Well-draining soil

Collective Site Interventions at Parkman Library

Sectional diagram of water movement through the site intervention: the green filtering edge at the street brings water through site cuts lined with large aggregate to slow water and to collect it within the library site.

63

120’

36’

120’

CATALOGUE VACANT LOT AGGREGATES

B.5. FOLLY THE LEADER

72’

Why green infrastructure? Detroit waste water and sewerage service area overloaded stormwater and sanitary waste water • 946 square miles.

• 35% of Michigan population • 3,433 miles of sewer lines • 727 million gallons of flow per day • 76 communities through Wayne, Oakland, Macomb, St. Claire, Lapeer, Genessee, Washtenaw, Monroe

120’ 120’

108’

36’

120’

120’

72’

144’

WATER

WATER

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

SCALE OF LOT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER 120’

WATER WATER

WATER WATER

WATER WATER

SCALEWATER OF LOT SCALE OF LOT

WATER SCALE OF LOT SCALE OF LOT

WATER SCALE OF LOT SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF EASE OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF EASE OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF EASE OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

Team members: Leigh Davis, Zachary Gong, Landry Root, Catie Truong

108’

WATER WATER

120’

WATER WATER

CATALOGUE EXISTING WATER CONDITIONS PUBLIC VACANT PARCELS

WATER WATER

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

144’

WATER BASINS

FLOW ACCUMULATION

TOTAL VOLUME FOR CAPTURE (GALLONS)

COMPOSITE MAP

43,308,655 GAL.

61.5 SWIMMING POOLS

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL / INSTITUTIONAL

INDUSTRIAL/RAIL

HIGHWAY

HOPE VILLAGE

64

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION PHASE 1 BRAND

PHASE 2 MITIGATE -INITIAL PLANNING AND COORDINATION -DESIGN DEVELOPMENT, OUTREACH AND COMMUNITY MEETINGS FOR FOLLY DESIGNS AND SITING -DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF SMALLSCALE FAÇADE/BENCH INTERVENTIONS AND BRANDING -WORKFORCE TRAINING FOR FUTURE FOLLY CONSTRUCTION

PHASE 3 PERSEVERE -CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHER-CAPACITY ROADSIDE INTERVENTIONS (SWALES, CURB EXTENSIONS) -TARGETED ROADSIDE CONSTRUCTION IN HEAVY WATER ACCUMULATION REGIONS OF STUDY AREA -CONSTRUCTION OF PROGRAMMED FOLLIES

Figure 6.64 Analysis and Vacant Lots Strategy for Folly the Leader HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

PHASE 4 PROLIFERATE -CONSTRUCTION OF LOWER-CAPACITY ROADSIDE INTERVENTIONS (PLANTERS AND STREET TREES) - ROADSIDE INTERVENTION CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED ACROSS STUDY AREA -COMPLETION OF PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT FOR CONSTRUCTED FOLLIES -COMPLETION OF MAINTENANCE PLAN

-ASSESS HOPE VILLAGE PILOT PROJECT AND DEVELOP METRO AND REGIONAL SCALE STRATEGIES

SCALE OF LOT

65

Figure 6.65  Design Strategies: Street Interventions for Folly the Leader

MAP THE RESULTS

materials

Figure 6.66 Overall Strategy and Site Strategy for Folly the Leader 66

CONSTRUCTION

(3) Routed Tracks (2) Routed Seats

instructions

materials

(3) Routed Tracks (2) Routed Seats

(8) 2x4x16 Lumber Supports (2) 2x2x36 Lumber Supports

(8) 2x4x16 Lumber Supports (2) 2x2x36 Lumber Supports

(100+) 18” tall Lumber Slats (40+) 24” tall Lumber Slats (65+) 36” tall Lumber Slats

(1) Power Drill (1) Box of Steel Flathead Screws (1) Level

(1) Assembly Team

1 Drill tracks to supports

2 Slide 18” slats into track

3 Slide 24” slats into track

4 Place seats onto track

instructions

Figure 6.67 Construction Process for Folly the Leader HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

(100+ (40+ (65+

CATALOGUE FOLLY INTERVENTIONS

WATER

SCALE OF LOT WATER

STREET FRONTAGE WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

WATER

WATER

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

SCALE OF LOT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

RETENTION POND

SCALE OF LOT

WATER

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

DOG PARK

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

WATER WATER

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

SCALE OF LOT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

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COMMUNITY GARDEN COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

SCALE OF LOT

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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

GRAFFITI PARK

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

FOLLY WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

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SCALE OF LOT

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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

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WATER

SCALE OF LOT

SCALE OF LOT

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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

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SCALE OF LOT

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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT SCALE OF LOT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

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SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

SCALE OF LOT

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

WATER

materials

(3) Routed Tracks (2) Routed Seats

(8) 2x4x16 Lumber Supports (2) 2x2x36 Lumber Supports

(100+) 18” tall Lumber Slats (40+) 24” tall Lumber Slats (65+) 36” tall Lumber Slats

(1) Power Drill (1) Box of Steel Flathead Screws (1) Level

(1) Assembly Team

instructions

Figure 6.68 Site Specific Renderings for Folly the Leader

+) 18” tall Lumber Slats +) 24” tall Lumber Slats +) 36” tall Lumber Slats

5 Slide 36” slats into track

(1) Power Drill (1) Box of Steel Flathead Screws (1) Level

67

(1) Assembly Team

6 Enjoy

1 Drill tracks to supports

2 Slide 18” slats into track

3 Slide 24” slats into track

4 Place seats onto track

5 Slide 36” slats into track

6 Enjoy

C. VACANT LAND TOOLKIT ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Vacant land is an obstacle many communities are facing or will face at one point in their future.

To help communities repurpose and reimage vacant land, this toolkit provides a basis for approaching vacant land redevelopment. Zoomed into a neighborhood in the central city of Detroit, Michigan, this strategy guide specifically focuses on the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood. However, the various interventions contain aspects and overarching principles that can be applied to other communities and urban fabrics.

1.0. Introduction: Vacant Land Strategies..........................70 Background -- Purpose -- Site Specific: Focus: HOPE Neighborhood -- Location, Location, Location -- Components -- Phasing -- Vacant Land Strategy Themes -- Building Blocks of Vacant Lots Strategies -- Successful Outcomes

Student / Author: Laura Haw

1.1. Green Infrastructure..........................................................78 -- Background + Strategies -- Green Infrastructure Opportunities -- Benefits to Green Infrastructure + LID Bioswale Butterfly Garden Garden Rain Garden Tree Nursery 1.2. Placemaking..........................................................................90 -- Background -- Economic Benefit -- Strategies behind the Interventions Neighborhood Gateway Neighborhood Pathway Outdoor Gym Public Art Installation Strip Landscaping

68

Figure 6.69  Vacant Land Toolkit for the Focus: HOPE Village (next page) HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

1.3. References.......................................................................... 103

VACANT LAND TOOLKIT THE FOCUS: HOPE NEIGHBORHOOD, DETROIT, MI

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1.0 | INTRODUCTION TO VACANT LAND STRATEGIES

BACKGROUND Vacant land strategies have been implemented for decades as cities experience contracting spurts of growth and decline. Even great global and highly prosperous cities have faced difficulties in stabilizing vacant land and crafting alternative uses for such sites. Almost a cyclical occurrence, vacant land is inevitable. Often a source for unwanted activity in the neighborhood, vacant parcels are generally considered a hindrance and liability to a community’s vibrance. Vacant land has the power to create a thinning of the community and urban fabric. However, it can also substantially thicken the area’s built environment and ecology depending on the resources and desires of those involved in the process. In general, the fact that a community has vacant land is not a bleak indicator of distress but rather an opportunity to re-design the built and natural environment.

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PURPOSE OF THIS TOOLKIT This vacant land use toolkit aims to highlight the potential of vacant lots - the transformation of these empty spaces into vibrant, community assets.

As the definition on the cover previously hinted at, vacant land can be considered a blank canvas.

Although a negative in many respects, a vacant lot is the prime space for creating amenities that are currently missing in the neighborhood.

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

For instance, the lack of a community recreation center within walking distance for children may indicate that a specific void can be filled by introducing new park space or playfields. This can be implemented close to residential areas by utilizing vacant parcel and reactiving them.

At times, reproposing vacant land can even alter the entire image of the neighborhood and recreate identity. Vacant land can have dramatic effects on the image of the community and the potential to create positive associations. These parcels are powerful spaces as they can be customized to meet the needs of local residents, enhance the neighborhood and raise the quality of life.

Acting as a guidebook, this toolkit makes the assumption that interested parties already own the property (vacant parcels) that will be redeveloped.

Organizations and other stakeholders looking to purchase vacant property can find a wealth of other resources about this important financial step.

Such resources on property acquisition include documents from the Michigan Land Bank and the Wayne County Land Bank.

SITE SPECIFIC: THE FOCUS: HOPE NEIGHBORHOOD This toolkit is designed in particular for the neighborhood of Focus: HOPE in central Detroit (Map 1.0). The Focus: HOPE Neighborhood is a vibrant community but has more recently experienced severe economic hardships and an influx of vacant parcels. The majority of these vacant lots are void of any structures, making them prime targets for interventions as it eliminates demolition costs and reduces clean up efforts.

The strategies presented in this toolkit apply to parcels within the residential section of the neighborhood.

Over half of the land within the neighborhood (51%) is zoned as residential, the majority of it low-density, which is largely representative of Detroit as a whole.

For this reason, focusing only on interventions for residential parcels within this area will ultimately result in substantial improvements and greater stabilization in the community.

Figure 6.72 The Focus: HOPE Village location in Detroit MAP 1.0 | THE FOCUS: HOPE NEIGHBORHOOD IN DETROIT

Detroit Major Freeways Focus: HOPE Neighborhood MAP 1.16.70 | RESIDENTIAL THE FOCUS: Figure ResidentialLAND LandCOVER at the WITHIN Focus: HOPE Village HOPE NEIGHBORHOOD

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Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Low-density Residential

Figure 6.71 The Focus: HOPE Village THE FOCUS: HOPE NEIGHBORHOOD IN DETROIT, MI

High-density Residential Vacant Land Toolkit

VACANT LAND PRIORITIES LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION Although each of the strategies in this guide are flexible in their design, they work best in certain lots based on the characteristics and location of the site and the time, resources and commitment of stakeholders. Not every strategy can be applied to a parcel and expected to work well. The following guidelines, when applied to a specific community and vacant lots, aid in determining the appropriateness of a strategy and best match it to a vacant site.

First determine if the strategy will be a short or long-term solution. The threshold between short and long-term strategies is a three year period. If development is likely to occur on the parcel within the next three years, then the site only requires a short-term solution. Otherwise, the site will need a more permanent, long-term strategy.

Short-term

726

Long-term

Temporary

Permanent

Less than 3 years

Greater than 3 years

Short-term solutions are much more temporary and are designed to stabilize the site until future development occurs. Such strategies are particularly careful to only develop land on the non-buildable portion of the site (figure 1.1). Following the setback requirements of the zoning code, any intervention should be done along the front, sides and back of the parcel, preserving the buildable portion.

This process allows for potential redevelopers to construct residential, commercial or institutional buildings much easier as the site does not require substantial clean up or the demolishment of structures. It can also entice future development as the site is more attractive and appears cared for.

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

Figure 6.73 AREA Buildable BUILDABLE [FigureArea 1.1] in a Residential Lot

Buildable Area Setbacks

Long-term strategies work best when developing more permanent uses that will continue to be community assets. Infrastructure, street furniture and vegetation that are used in long-term solutions are investments for the future health and well-being of the community. These strategies tend to “fill in” areas of a neighborhood where amenities are lacking and will be valuable additions. Such sites of vacant land are not anticipated to be redeveloped in the near future and are strategically located based on their use in order to service the largest number of residents possible.

Second is the land assembly of vacant parcels within the neighborhood. The typical size of a residential vacant parcel within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood is roughly 4,000 square feet. These individual lots are assembled by their agglomeration and their adjacencies to one another into four main categories, as pictured in figure 1.2.

Different strategies work best with different land configuration but some vacant land interventions can be applied to all types. On each strategy page, a key on the left page indicates the most appropriate land assembly. Understanding land assembly can also help stakeholders prioritize which vacant parcels they would like to acquire in the future and what current opportunities exist. Filling larger voids at the block scale may be more visible but require more resources, time and dedicated stakeholders. Pursuing lower hanging fruit at the “gap” level can often produce more immediate results.

GAP

A single, vacant parcel makes up the most basic unit, the Gap. Typically this lot is surrounded by other structures but it can be located at the end of block.

CORRIDOR

A string of vacant parcels, at least six, that are connected along a shared spaces, such as a sidewalk, road or alley.

CONSECUTIVE

Consecutive spaces feature two or more vacant parcels adjacent to each other.

BLOCK

The largest concentration of vacant parcels is the Block. This can range from half a block to several blocks altogether.

Gap

Consecutive

Block

Corridor

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LAND ASSEMBLY Figure 6.74 Vacant Land Aggregation [Figure 1.2]

Gap Consecutive Corridor Block Vacant Land Toolkit

INTRODUCTION TO COMPONENTS COMPONENTS The following 12 components are key essentials in each of the land use strategies and generally fall into one of two categories - fixed or continual change.

Fixed components tend to be more permanent, man-made structures and may require less maintenance over time. They also tend to highlight the contrast between public and private realms and where it is appropriate to enter and exit a space.

Continual change components are more natural and often require greater amounts energy and time to maintain. Depending on the type of component, maintenance may be a yearly, monthly or weekly necessity. However, the benefit to continual change elements is that they can add different interest over time as they develop.

trees

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Various combinations of these components create the basic composition for each strategy but they all feature a mixture of both component themes.

Within each component is a series of subcategories that can be picked from to achieve an overall vision.

This allows for flexibility as each strategy can be customized to fit the specifics of every project (the desire of residents, character of the neighborhood, physical location of the site and resources available).

For instance, a strip landscaping strategy will require a fence, but, depending on the surrounding physical environment, budget and community preferences on aesthetics, there are different options to pursue.

+ Flowering Tree + Nursery Tree + Shade Tree + Street Tree

+ Annuals + Perennials

FlowerinG Plants

+ Compost Bin + Rain Barrel + Planter Box

Garden accessories

CONTINUAL CHANGE COMPONENTS

+ Groundcover + Long Grasses + Short Grasses

Grasses

Figure 6.75  Components Diagram HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

+ Flowering + Green

shrubs

+ Mulch + Recycleable Tire Mulch + Topsoil

landscaPinG elements

VACANT LAND STRATEGIES | INTRODUCTION TO COMPONENTS

JUXTAPOSITION OF CONTINUAL VS. FIXED COMPONENTS

Figure 6.76  Juxtaposition of Continual versus Fixed Components + Basketball Court + Outdoor Gym + Playscape + Swing Set

+ Bench + Pavilion + Picnic Table + Trash Receptacle

Furniture

Play scaPes

+ Signage + Wayfinding

educational

+ Brick Path + Concrete Path + Gravel Path + Woodchips

Pathway

FIXED COMPONENTS

+ Birdbaths + Murals + Sculptures

975 art

+ Decorative Masonry Wall + Gate + Green Wall + Rail Fence + Solid Fence

Fences

Vacant Land Toolkit

VACANT LAND TRANSFORMATION PROCESS + THEMES PHASING Creating a phasing plan is a necessity when implementing any vacant land strategy. The following three phases are general guidelines to follow.

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Installation: Prioritize the strategies available and identify the key stakeholder sand what vegetation and physical, fixed components are desired for the site.

Stabilization + Recovery: Clear the land and remove any debris (trash, unhealthy vegetation and large objects such as furniture or vehicles). Survey the soil and grasses and any other vegetation and include them into the final plan.

3

Maintenance Plan: Develop a maintenance plan that sets weekly, monthly and yearly tasks and goals.

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VACANT LAND STRATEGY THEMES The majority of literature on vacant land strategies focuses heavily on two main themes, greening techniques (often gardens) and pop-up, temporary structures or exhibits. While gardens can be powerful assets, a community has a certain capacity of how many it can produce and maintain, in addition to satisfying the desires of local residents. In terms of pop-up structures and exhibits, these strategies work best in dense, urban environments, such as city cores. Only applying these strategies in the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood is not plausible because there are not enough people to actively support these spaces.

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Given these realities, the vacant land strategies presented within this toolkit aim to separate themselves from more traditional parcel design. While the strategies still target two specific themes for repurposing land, green infrastructure and placemaking, they differ drastically from other proposals because they encompass a wider range of activities, uses and designs. Listed below are the two central themes and their intervention offshoots.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Bioswale

Garden Butterfly Garden

PLACEMAKING

Tree Nursery Rain Garden

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

Neighborhood Gateway Neighborhood Pathway

Outdoor Gym

Strip Landscaping Public Art Installation

SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES IN PENNSYLVANIA

Before, a vacant lot, after: a community gateway3

Before, a vacant lot, after, a peace garden3

Using this charts highlights how the policy advantages to reclaiming vacant land and stabilizing the neighborhood are as various and abundant as the different design opportunities. Specifically, transforming vacant lots into community assets can translate into improvements in health, crime, property values, social connections and local ecosystems.2

PO

EL

GH HI

ER OD M

LO W

Behind each strategy presented in this toolkit is a host of foundational policy elements that are interlinked into the sites programming. Below is a chart of these policy elements and a ranking of how prevalent the policy is, rated on a scale from low, moderate and high. Since each strategy features different combinations of these policies, this chart is found on the bottom right hand corner of every strategy page. This aids in determining how the strategy will impact the community. For instance, a community looking to increase children’s wellbeing may want to prioritize its strategy based on how high the opportunities are for both active and passive health.

AT E

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF VACANT LAND STRATEGIES

LI EM CY EN T

Figure 6.77  Before and After images of vacant lots interventions

ACTIVE HEALTH BEAUTIFICATION ECONOMICAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PASSIVE HEALTH SOCIAL INTERACTION TRANSPORTATION SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is a testament to how influential a vacant land transformation can be to the community.3 In the first image, a new gateway signals to residents and visitors that they are entering into an established neighborhood. The second image captures the transformation of a vacant lot into a peace garden. The policy elements outlined before are at the heart of both of these transformations and play a critical role in any vacant land use strategy.

Vacant Land Toolkit

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1.1 | GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

BACKGROUND + DEFINITIONS Green infrastructure is a “strategically planned and managed networks of natural lands, working landscapes and other open spaces that conserve ecosystem values and functions and provide associated benefits to human populations”.7 Such infrastructure is often implemented on a large scale, (i.e., at the level of the city or an entire region). Detroit already has plans for green and blue infrastructure but it has yet to be implemented.

Since green and blue infrastructure is large in scale, it requires the collection of many parcels of land.

For Detroit, there is a tremendous opportunity to implement these strategies at a more local level because of the many plots of vacant land scattered throughout the city. Instead of taking space as blighted or unused areas, these parcels can be transformed into assets. On the ground, this green infrastructure is created by smaller low impact development (LID) methods.

DETROIT’S BLUE + GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN

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Figure 6.78 Future City Framework Detroit: Blue and Green Infrastructure HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

A traditional tool used to mitigate the consequences of stormwater runoff, LID is “the cornerstone of stormwater management with the goal of mimicking a site’s presettlement hydrology by using design techniques that infiltrate, filter, store, evaporate and detrain runoff close to its source”.8 Since LID techniques can be directly customized to fit a site’s specifications, they are a flexible measure to create blue and green infrastructure at the local level.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPPORTUNITIES Vacant land within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood poses a significant opportunity to incorporate LID techniques. In many respects this is both an environmental and community asset because LID is inherently linked to a community’s health, social and educational well-being. When applied correctly, LID techniques can connect to a larger network of green infrastructure, producing an efficient and effective environmental space. Since every piece of vacant land has unique characteristics, LID techniques can easily be applied to match existing conditions.

BENEFITS TO GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE + LID: The following list contains 17 major benefits and services that a neighborhood can experience when implementing a LID framework.6

[1] atmosPheric reGulation

[2] CLIMATE REGULATION [3] water disturbance reGulation [4] water reGulation

[5] water suPPly [6] erosion control + sediment retention [7] soil Formation [8] nutrient cyclinG

[9] WATER TREATMENT [10] Pollination [11] sPecies control [12] reFuGia / habitat

[13] FOOD PRODUCTION [14] RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTION [15] Genetic resources

[16] RECREATION [17] cultural enrichment

Vacant Land Toolkit

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BIOSWALE STRATEGY Bioswales are biological treatments of water typically found on a linear scale. They easily capture water since they are made up of shallow groves in the land that are planted with native vegetation. This vegetation helps clean and filter the water, purifying it of some pollutants before releasing it into the groundwater.

BEST PRACTICES

SITE SPECIFIC Bioswales placed in the public right-of-way are more effective at collecting rainwater from nearby streets and other pavements. This is a double benefit as the public right-of-way in residential areas is always easily accessible for development in vacant 80 14

RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

Bioswales are very site specific and can take the form of a variety of different widths and lengths (with a minimum width of three feet). They can take on lower start-up costs if they do not have a concrete lining. However, concrete perimeters can maintain the shape of the bioswale, keeping in soil particles and helping to direct stormwater more accurately to the site.

lots. More importantly, this strategy can be applied to the front of every vacant parcel within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood. Working on this strip of land is advantageous because it places the intervention at the most visible point on the property and does not interfere with the buildable portion on the parcel.

Also, since the site is so visible, bisowales can be seen from a longer distance and may decrease potential devious behavior from occurring on the overall street.

Big Bluestem [andropogon gerardii]

Indian Grass [sorghastrum nutans]

Grass, ear-leaved Grass, fowl-manna brome [bromus [glyceria striata] latiglumis]

Rush, path [juncus tenuis]

Sedge, fox [carex vulpinoidea]

Figure 6.79  Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly GAP

CONSECUTIVE

CORRIDOR

BLOCK

Short-term

Long-term X

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE | BIOSWALE

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.80 Inspirational Images: Bioswale IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR BIOSWALE IMPLEMENTATION

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Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.81 Map with Ideal Locations for Bioswale Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

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BUTTERFLY GARDEN STRATEGY

SITE SPECIFIC

A butterfly garden is just one strategy among the broader category of habitat restoration that vacant lots can be used for. Butterfly gardens provide an attractive spot within the neighborhood that is often enjoyed by many different age groups. Attracting animals and wildlife to the neighborhood can be a powerful educational tool as well. Other wildlife that can easily be attracted include birds, squirrels, rabbits, turtles and deer.

These gardens can be small or large depending on the resources available but they will work well at both scales. Public art that is introduced to the site can make the attraction more of a destination for both residents and educational institutions. Fencing or street furniture such as benches or raised planters can give the space a more permanent feel.

BEST PRACTICES

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RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

Butterfly gardens perform best when allowed full sunlight for at least six hours throughout the day. The plants listed to the right work as great attractants for butterflies. Man-made amenities, such as hummingbird feeders can also attract this population. Small water sources are needed for butterflies and can be crafted by decorative bowls or pots. Water can be replace and cleaned through rain water gathered in rain barrels on the site.

Butterflies also need a space to stay warm which can be achieved by incorporating some dark stones that warm throughout the day and radiate their heat afterwards.

Butterfly Bush [buddleia davidii]

Dill [anethum graveolens]

Globe Amaranth [gomphrena globosa]

Joe-pye Weed [eupatorium purpureum]

Ornamental Cabbage [brassica oleracea]

Parsley [petroselinum crispum]

Figure 6.82  Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

Acceptable Land Assembly GAP

CONSECUTIVE

Short-term

Long-term

X

X

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE | BUTTERFLY GARDEN

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.83 Inspirational Images: Butterfly Garden IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR BUTTERFLY GARDEN IMPLEMENTATION

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Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.84 Map with Ideal Locations for Butterfly Garden Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

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GARDENS STRATEGY Gardens are a flexible land use strategy that work best long term. They can provide opportunities for the cultivation of many different types of vegetation to fit the desires of the local residents or organizations managing the site. Such gardens include: + Herb Gardens are ideal for small greens, herbs and spices and can be planted in smaller lot sizes as they do not require large amount of room. + Flower Gardens works best in lots where the contamination of soil is suspected to avoid growing inedible plants. These gardens can also be used as a habitat for local bird and animal species (i.e. rabbits, butterfly’s, squirrels, etc.). + Vegetable Gardens are a place to grow various fruits and vegetables, depending on the growing season, for residents or the community at large.

All the above gardens are able to be grown in a wide range of plot sizes, from smaller groupings of two parcels to larger blocks. Additionally, if a parcel is ideal for growing edible food but the ground soil is 84 18

Maintenance for gardens depends on the type of vegetation planted but typically, upkeep is required throughout the growing season [April - October].

Start up costs are low to medium, depending on the amenities added.

SITE SPECIFIC Gardens also work well to serve elementary schools as the starting point for an educational awareness towards local food production, healthy consumption and cooking opportunities. The garden can also be used as a produce site for a food pantry or offer programming activities for seniors.

RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

BEST PRACTICES

contaminated, using elevated planter boxes with new topsoil mixture can alleviate the issue.

Bell Pepper [capsicum annuum]

Garden Strawberry [fragaria ananassa]

Parsley [petroselinum crispum]

Figure 6.85  Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly CONSECUTIVE CORRIDOR

BLOCK

Short-term

Long-term X

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE | GARDENS

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.86 Inspirational Images: Garden IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR GARDEN IMPLEMENTATION

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Figure 6.87 Map with Ideal Locations for Garden Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

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RAIN GARDEN STRATEGY A rain garden’s primary function is to attract and collect stormwater runoff and help restore the natural hydrologic cycle. They are an effective way to filter stormwater, clean it of pollutants, and return it to the water system at much slower rate. This alleviates pressure that would normally be added to the water system. Rain gardens have shallow pools with native vegetation that easily attract rainwater.

BEST PRACTICES Rain gardens are most effective when positioned near large paved (impervious) surfaces, such as roofs, streets, sidewalks and parking lots. These areas are givers of water while rain gardens absorb and treat it. Planting native shrubs and grasses within the garden work best to attract and filter water.

Since many homes were built before laws against lead based paint went into effect in 1971, demolished residential structures most likely contained lead based materials that are now left in the soils of vacant lots. For this reason, paring rain gardens with 86 20

Additionally, rain gardens can serve as aesthetically enhancements, as stand alone features or in combination with other displays such as bird feeders or public art. Educational signage can be used to teach individuals about the benefits of collecting and filtering stormwater.

RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

SITE SPECIFIC

phytoremediation (vegetation that removes harmful pollutions, including lead, arsenic, heavy metals, petroleum substances and pesticides from the soil) is extremely important. Costs are dependent on the specifics of the site and the level of pollutants in the soil. Vegetation that absorbs lead includes spinach, indian mustard, sunflowers and cabbage plants.

Removing the plants once they have matured and contain the pollutants can be a challenging process as they must be disposed of at a hazardous waste facility.

Cabbage [brassica oleracea var. capitata]

Mustard Greens [brassica juncea]

Meadowsweet [spiraea alba]

Figure 6.88  Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly CONSECUTIVE

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

Short-term

Long-term

X

X

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE | RAIN GARDEN

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.89 Inspirational Images: Rain Garden IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR RAIN GARDEN IMPLEMENTATION

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Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.90 Map with Ideal Locations for Rain Garden Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

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TREE NURSERY STRATEGY

SITE SPECIFIC

A tree nursery is a space for growing trees, shrubs and other vegetation until it is stable enough to transport to other projects and clients. This strategy provides for two viable options for the organization or individual holding the land:

Tree nurseries do not have to purely be economic generators, they can also produce community and social benefits. For instance, a local religious institution or organization could redevelop vacant lots into a evergreen nursery and provide lowincome families with free or discounted trees during the holiday season. Since tree saplings tend to look bare during the first few years of their growth, tree stakes that are colorfully painted turn the site into a functional piece of art.

1. The parcel can be developed as a tree farm and the vegetation can be used for their own projects or sold as resources.

Orchards are another type of land use that is very similar to tree nurseries as they provide an economic benefit from the cultivation of the fruit crops.

BEST PRACTICES Trees require regular maintenance and frequent watering during the first two years after planting.

This can be done on site with the addition of rain barrels and drip irrigation methods. At the minimum, trees trunks should be spaced five feet apart.

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RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

2. The land can be leased to an organization that needs space to develop the land for a nursery in exchange for the care and continued maintenance of the space.

Bald Cypress [taxodium distichum]

Crabapple [malus]

Japanese Tree Sargent Cherry Lilac [prunus sargentii] [syringa reticulata]

Ginkgo [gomphrena globosa]

Urbanite Ash [fraxinus americana]

Figure 6.91  Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly CONSECUTIVE BLOCK Short-term

Long-term X

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE | TREE NURSERY

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.92 Inspirational Images: Tree Nursery

?

IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR TREE NURSERY IMPLEMENTATION

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Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.93 Map with Ideal Locations for Tree Nursery Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

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1.2 | PLACEMAKING

BACKGROUND Creating vibrant, beautiful, productive and social spaces in the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood is achievable through the process of placemaking.

Placemaking is a multi-faceted approach which “capitalizes on a local community’s assets, inspirations and potential, ultimately creating [great] public spaces that promote people’s health, happiness and well being”.4 The following chart shows the intersection of the main attributes, qualities and measurable data that are considered when crating a great space.

4 Figure 6.94 DIAGRAM The Place Diagram THE PLACE

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HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

The process of placemaking starts with an over arching vision for the community and tailors it to specific projects that can be implemented on a parcel by parcel basis. Placemaking also helps to create a neighborhood identity or rebranding of an area. For example, iconic structures or spaces can be representative of the larger community and its values. A single space has the potential to change how an entire area is perceived, both by residents and visitors.

Working with the availability of vacant land in the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood is an advantage because it allows development to be environmentally responsible. Land already available for redevelopment into productive, aesthetically pleasing public spaces is a much more sustainable approach than tearing down existing structures to accommodate such spaces. In this respect, as the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood changes and grows in future years, great public spaces will already be intertwined within residential spaces and not isolated from the community.

Figure 6.95  Campus MartiusMI CAMPUS MARTIUS | DETROIT,

ECONOMIC BENEFIT

The following placemaking strategies fall into four general categories (landmarks, edges, paths and nodes) based on their physical form. Landmarks define a space and are often associated with a specific meaning or point of reference. Edges are boundaries made from either natural or manmade barriers that can keep out unwanted guests or reinforce boundaries. Paths are channels for movement and spots for observation. Nodes are select points, such as primary junctions or the crossings of paths where concentrations of individuals can cluster and engage in different activities. Although these strategies fall into the following classifications, each one is flexible. For instance, the design of a neighborhood gateway is mostly likely a landmark but it has the potential to be a node or an edge. landmarks

neighborhood gateway

edges

strip landscaping

paths

neighborhood pathway

nodes

Also important is the potential for economic returns that are made possible with placemaking.

Great spaces, even if not inherently economically producing, can trigger an economic impact in surrounding areas. A local example of this dynamic at work is Campus Martius in downtown Detroit.

The redevelopment of this tiny park had a large impact on the economic vitality of downtown Detroit.

It is estimated that Campus Martius attracts nearly two million visitors a year and stimulates almost one billion dollars of investments and nearby redevelopment.5 Not only is Campus Martius a generator for economic activity but it is also an active and vibrant public space. Placemaking efforts within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood have the potential to stabilize the area and increase property values.

STRATEGIES BEHIND THE INTERVENTIONS

outdoor gym

public art installation

Vacant Land Toolkit

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NEIGHBORHOOD GATEWAY STRATEGY

SITE SPECIFIC

Gateways add a sense of place and send a signal to residents and visitors that they are entering into a cared for, viable community. They can take on many different forms depending on how the community wishes to be portrayed. For instance, a creative, younger community could decorate a gateway with public art from local artists and incorporate unique landscaping elements. In most cases, the design of the space will likely deter unwanted activities because it shows that the surrounding space is looked after and invested in by the community.

Gateways also have the potential to double as gathering spaces because of the higher volumes of people that pass through the space on a daily basis.

By default, these spaces can produce informal meetings between community members and visitors, enriching the social life of the neighborhood.

They can provide a spot within the community for events, meetings, concerts, a children’s play area and more leisurely gatherings among friends, family and neighbors.

Neighborhood gateways should be positioned at significant, highly travel areas of the site where large concentrations of residents and visitors will pass by and notice it. Vegetation used at the site should be flowering and maintain some shape and definition during the various seasons to avoid the space looking bare. Signage and wayfinding is especially important at this crossroads because it further defines the community and outwardly displays what a neighborhood’s amenities and institutions are.

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RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

BEST PRACTICES

Douglas Fir [pseudotsuga]

Kentucky Coffeetree [gymnocladus dioicus]

Japanese Tree Sargent Cherry Lilac [prunus sargentii] [syringa reticulata]

Crabapple [malus]

Joe-pye Weed [eupatorium purpureum]

Figure 6.96 Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly GAP

CONSECUTIVE

Short-term

Long-term X

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

PLACEMAKING | NEIGHBORHOOD GATEWAYS

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.97 Inspirational Images: Neighborhood Garden IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR GATEWAY IMPLEMENTATION

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Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.98 Map with Ideal Locations for Neighborhood Garden Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

93 27

NEIGHBORHOOD PATHWAY STRATEGY A neighborhood pathway provides walkers, cyclists and other pedestrian orientated users safe travel between primary locations within the community.

Pathways can be developed as linear routes or as a network with multiple paths and points of entry.

Pathways allow for greater access between two critical points but they also provide a scenic route where individuals can relax and socialize. Depending on the amount of amenities provided along the route (i.e. benches, public art, etc.), the possibilities for creating a linear park with different groups of users increases.

BEST PRACTICES

94 28

SITE SPECIFIC Within the Focus: HOPE Neighborhood, pathways can serve as safe routes for children to freely walk or ride their bicycles to and from school and other points of interest. Such routes could be incorporated within a larger “safe routes to school” system. Another possibility would be to connection two larger institutions together. For instance, elementary schools and the library, forming a “ride to literacy” route.

RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

When developing a linear path, keep existing desire lines whenever possible. Desire lines, also known as “cow paths”, represent pedestrian preferred routes.

This will further encourage use of the pathway if it follows routes residents currently take. Depending on the available resources and the desired look of the space, pathways can take on a variety of surface materials such as quarry fines, woodchips, asphalt and concrete. Quarry fines require regular maintenance (weeding) and may need to be refilled

every three or four years while woodchips will decompose and often need to be replaced every year. Recycled bricks or wood can define the edge of the path and keep the surface out of lawn mowers.

Concrete and asphalt are more permanent options for surface materials.

Meadowsweet [spiraea alba]

Butterfly Bush [buddleia davidii]

Sargent Cherry [prunus sargentii]

Figure 6.99 Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly CORRIDOR Short-term

Long-term X

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

PLACEMAKING | NEIGHBORHOOD PATHWAY

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.100 Inspirational Images: Neighborhood Pathway IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR PATHWAY IMPLEMENTATION

L

M

H

Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.101 Map with Ideal Locations for Neighborhood Pathway Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

95 29

OUTDOOR GYM STRATEGY

SITE SPECIFIC

Active recreation is a critical component to a healthy lifestyle. Such a facility can have many different forms, including playgrounds with swing sets, playfields such as basketball courts or soccer and football fields. The strategy of an outdoor gym fits within these guidelines and provides a safe environment for workouts. Outdoor gyms are generally made up of passive, metal structures with educational signage to explain the different workout exercises. A workout can be customized by the number of repetitions done to make the equipment usable for everyone.

Outdoor gyms can be used by a host of different age groups. For instance, institutional bodies such as schools can pay a visit to an outdoor gym in the neighborhood in place of gym class. Local residents enrich their daily walk by stopping by for a few minutes of more intensive exercise. Outdoor gyms are particularly appropriate for elderly populations as they provide a nearby source for moderate athletic activity. Adding a paved area next to the equipment provides room for aerobic uses of the site and may inspire residents or organizations to participate in informal exercise classes, such as yoga, zumba or pilates.

BEST PRACTICES

96 30

RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

The equipment should be surrounded on a soft bed of recycled tire mulch or other flexible materials to reduce the likelihood of injury sustained during exercise. Benches for rest should be placed nearby, along with trees for moderate shading during the warmer months. Placing a recycling or trash receptacle on site is also important as many people consume liquids during or after their workout.

Urbanite Ash [fraxinus americana]

Sunflower [helianthus annuus]

Sedge, fox [carex vulpinoidea]

Figure 6.102  Images of Recommended Vegetation

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly GAP

CONSECUTIVE

Short-term

Long-term X

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

PLACEMAKING | OUTDOOR GYM

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.103 Inspirational Images: Outdoor Gym IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR OUTDOOR GYM IMPLEMENTATION

L

M

H

Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.104 Map with Ideal Locations for Outdor Gym Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

97 31

PUBLIC ART INSTALLATION STRATEGY Public art installations provide an ascetic enhancement to the neighborhood as they invite local artists or interested residents to partake in a larger beautification effort. Collaboration can come from institutional organizations, such a school’s class project for the site. Depending on the scale and art work of the site, the exhibit can become a popular destination of visitors, must like the Heidelberg Project in Detroit.

Public art exhibits can be stand alone or incorporated with other strategies. For instance, public art works well when place at neighborhood gateways and gardens. Art should be durable enough to withstand various weather conditions and there should always be a time frame / schedule for how long the art work will stay until it is properly deconstructed to avoid an image of a run-down environment.

POTENTIAL ART INSTALLMENTS

BEST PRACTICES

Murals

Sculptures

Interactive

Water Feature

SITE SPECIFIC Public art can be educational or highly interactive, especially for children. Interactive spaces are often the most used.

98 32

Figure 6.105 Images of Recommended Components

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly GAP

CONSECUTIVE BLOCK

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

Short-term

Long-term

X

X

PLACEMAKING | PUBLIC ART INSTALLATION

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.106 Inspirational Images: Public Art Installation IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR PUBLIC ART IMPLEMENTATION

L

M

H

Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.107 Map with Ideal Locations for Public Art Installation Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

99 33

STRIP LANDSCAPING STRATEGY Strip landscaping is designed to add enough beautification to the front of a vacant property so that it appears cared for. Property that indicates it is looked after will deter illegal activities (such as dumping, drug dealing and vandalism). Additionally, it aesthetically enhances the surrounding properties and the public realm, the sidewalk and street front.

BEST PRACTICES

100 34

SITE SPECIFIC Implementation of this strategy allows for the possibility of many different visual options.

Vegetation can include more permanent elements, such as trees and street furniture (benches , fences, etc.). A more temporary use for strip landsacping could just include grasses and groundcover and shallow planter boxes with flowering plants. At the most basic level, the front of a parcel could be covered with a single hearty plant (sunflowers, mint, etc.) that does not require heavy maintenance and is still pleasing to look at and pass by.

RECOMMENDED VEGETATION

This is both a short and long-term strategy because beautification measures are typically done only by the front edge of the property line, along the sidewalk.

This is beneficial in two respects as it provides for a lower maintenance plan and requires less resources but it keeps the property open and clean on the buildable portion of the site. This will make the property more attractive for future development and any beautification efforts will likely be kept with future plans. Fencing that is incorporated within the strip landscaping can further deter illegal activity.

When using fencing, entrances should be at least three feet to permit access for gas-powered push mowers and six feet for riding mowers. Wood fences are moderately durable but require long-term

upkeep, including the replacement of sections and graffiti removal.

Sunflower [helianthus annuus]

Mint [mentha]

Lavender [lavandula]

Figure 6.108  Images of Recommended Components

MAIN COMPONENTS

Acceptable Land Assembly GAP

CONSECUTIVE BLOCK

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

Short-term

Long-term

X

X

PLACEMAKING | STRIP LANDSCAPING

INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Figure 6.109 Inspirational Images: Strip Landscaping IDEAL LOCATIONS FOR STRIP LANDSCAPING IMPLEMENTATION

L

M

H

Focus: HOPE Neighborhood Boundary Parcel Lines Appropriate Vacant Lots

Figure 6.110 Map with Ideal Locations for Strip Landscaping Implementation Vacant Land Toolkit

101 35

1.3 | REFERENCES

webster.com/dictionary/vacant 1. Merriam Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vacant ho Road Episcopal 2. New Housing Orleans Initiative Vacantand Land theSite Tulane Strategy Guide. Jericho Road Episcopal Housing Initiative and the Tulane City Center. jerichohousing.org nnsylvaniahorticulturalsociety.org/phlgreen/vacant3. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. http://www.pennsylvaniahorticulturalsociety.org/phlgreen/vacantgateways. nce/what_is_placemaking/ 4. Project for Public Spaces. http://www.pps.org/reference/what_is_placemaking/ , 13. Nov. 2012.

5. Taken from a presentation at the Downriver Summit, 13. Nov. 2012.

Urban Areas.6.UACDC, LID: Low 2010.

Impact Development: A design Manual for Urban Areas. UACDC, 2010. p://www.greeninfrastructure.net/content/definition7. The Conservation Fund: Green Infrastructure http://www.greeninfrastructure.net/content/definitiongreen-infrastructure wimpactdevelopment.org/ 8. The Low Impact Development Center http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/ ots in your Neighborhood: 9. Vacant toGreening Vibrant: AVacant GuideLots for Revitalizing for Vacant Lots in your Neighborhood: Greening Vacant Lots for n. Carnegie Mellon Pittsburgh’s Heinz School: Sustainable fall 2006.Neighborhood Revitalization. Carnegie Mellon Heinz School: fall 2006.

University’s Cleveland 10. Vacant Urban LandDesign Strategies Collaborative: Pattern Book. Kent State University’s Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative: September 2008. at-We-Do/Green-Infrastructure-10.html 11. Inside Cover Image: http://www.sddcdetroit.org/What-We-Do/Green-Infrastructure-10.html

102 36

HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE | Open Space Visioning Plan

“

1.3VACANT | REFERENCES LAND NOT PUT TO USE; BEING WITHOUT OCCUPANT; DEVOID OF ACTIVITY OR WORK.1

“

am-webster.com/dictionary/vacant Jericho Road Episcopal Housing Initiative and the Tulane

ww.pennsylvaniahorticulturalsociety.org/phlgreen/vacant-

reference/what_is_placemaking/ mmit, 13. Nov. 2012. al for Urban Areas. UACDC, 2010. e http://www.greeninfrastructure.net/content/definition-

ww.lowimpactdevelopment.org/ ant Lots in your Neighborhood: Greening Vacant Lots for lization. Carnegie Mellon Heinz School: fall 2006. tate University’s Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative:

g/What-We-Do/Green-Infrastructure-10.html

36

1. Merriam Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam1. Merriam Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webste webster.com/dictionary/vacant 2. New Orleans Vacant Land Site Strategy Guide. Jericho Roa 2. New Orleans Vacant Land Site Strategy Guide.

City Center. jerichohousing.org Jericho Road Episcopal Housing Initiative and the ABSTRACT: 3. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. http://www.pennsylv Tulane City Center. jerichohousing.org gateways.

Vacant land is anHorticultural obstacle many communities 3. Pennsylvania Society. http://www.are 4.

Project for Public Spaces. http://www.pps.org/reference/w facing or will face at one point in their future. To help pennsylvaniahorticulturalsociety.org/phlgreen/ 5. Taken from a presentation at the Downriver Summit, 13. N communities repurpose and reimage vacant land, vacant-gateways.

6.

LID: Low Impact Development: A design Manual this toolkitfor provides basis for approaching vacant for Urban 4. Project Public aSpaces. http://www.pps.org/ 7. The ConservationZoomed Fund: Green Infrastructure http://ww land redevelopment. into a neighborhood reference/what_is_placemaking/ green-infrastructure in central of Detroit, Michigan, this strategy 5. the Taken fromcity a presentation at the Downriver 8. Thespecifically Low Impactfocuses Development Center http://www.lowimpa guide on the Focus: HOPE Summit, 13. Nov. 2012.

9.

Vacant to Vibrant: A Guide for Revitalizing Vacant Lots in y Neighborhood.

However, the various interventions 6. LID: Low Impact Development: A design Manual Pittsburgh’s Sustainable Neighborhood Revitalization. Car contain aspects overarching for Urban Areas.and UACDC, 2010. principles that can 10.

Vacant Land Strategies Pattern Book.

Kent State Univer be applied to other communities urban fabrics.

7. The Conservation Fund: Greenand Infrastructure September 2008. http://www.greeninfrastructure.net/content/ 11. Inside Cover Image: http://www.sddcdetroit.org/What-Wedefinition-green-infrastructure 8. The Low Impact Development Center http:// www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/ 9. Vacant to Vibrant: A Guide for Revitalizing Vacant Lots in your Neighborhood: Greening 103 Vacant Lots for Pittsburgh’s Sustainable Neighborhood Revitalization. Carnegie Mellon Heinz School: fall 2006.

10. Vacant Strategies Pattern Book. Kent TABLE OFLand CONTENTS: State University’s Cleveland Urban Design 1.0 Introduction to Vacant Land Strategies...........04 Collaborative: September 2008.

1.1 Green Infrastructure........................................12 11. Inside Cover Image: http://www.sddcdetroit.org/ 1.2 Placemaking....................................................24 What-We-Do/Green-Infrastructure-10.html 1.3 References.......................................................36 Figure 6.111 Rendering of a working day at Focus: HOPE Laura Haw

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 6.1 Population (Liquid Planning, Socioeconomics) ..................................................SW_2 Figure 6.2 Household Structure (Liquid Planning, Socioeconomics) ..................................................SW_2 Figure 6.3 Income and House Value (Liquid Planning, Socio-economics) ......................................SW_3 Figure 6.4 Education (Liquid Planning, Socioeconomics) ..................................................SW_3 Figure 6.5 Existing Zoning Map and Types (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) ............SW_4 Figure 6.6 Existing Land Use Map and Types (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) ...........SW_5 Figure 6.7 Number of parcels by type (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) ............................. SW_6 Figure 6.8 Percent area by land use type (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) .......... SW_6 Figure 6.9 Average parcel size in acres (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) ........... SW_7 Figure 6.10 Poverty and Unemployment (Liquid Planning, Zoning and Land Use) ........... SW_7 Figure 6.11 Vacant Land Ownership (Liquid Planning, Public Land) ................................................ SW_8

104

Transportation) ..........................................SW_14 Figure 6.17 Sidewalk Inventory (Liquid Planning, Transportation) ..........................................SW_14 Figure 6.18 Public Transit , Bus (Liquid Planning, Transportation) ..........................................SW_14 Figure 6.19 14th St. (one-way) Section (Liquid Planning, Transportation) ..........................................SW_15 Figure 6.20 La Belle St. (two-way) Section (Liquid Planning, Transportation) .......................SW_15 Figure 6.21 Existing Infrastructure Barriers (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ................SW_16-17 Figure 6.22 Interconnections (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ..................................SW_18-19 Figure 6.23 Existing neighborhood divisions within HOPE Village (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ......................................SW_20 Figure 6.24 Neighborhood Unit boundaries presented in 1951 Detroit Master Plan (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ......................................SW_20 Figure 6.25 1951 Detroit Master Plan “Neighborhood Unit” (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ......... ..................................................................... SW_21

Figure 6.12 Vacancy Distribution in Focus Area (Liquid Planning, Public Land) ............................. SW_9

Figure 6.26 Photographic Inventory of the Neighborhoods (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ...................................... SW_21

Figure 6.13 Foreclosure loops. Sources: Investopedia. com, Detroit Public Works Project (Liquid Planning, Public Land) ..............................SW_11

Figure 6.27 Basic Public Service (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ......................................SW_22

Figure 6.14 Photographic Inventory of the Existing Conditions (Liquid Planning, Transportation) ..................................................................SW_12-13 Figure 6.15 Distribution of Paved Surfaces (Liquid Planning, Transportation) .......................SW_14 Figure 6.16 Traffic Volume in Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT), 2011 (Liquid Planning, HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.28 Community Gardens (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) .......................................SW_23 Figure 6.29 Playgrounds & Playfields (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) .......................................SW_23 Figure 6.30 Schools (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) .... ......................................................................SW_23

Figure 6.31 Retail: Grocery Stores (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) .....................................SW_23

Planning, Space and Materiality) .........SW_30

Figure 6.32 Library (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ...... ......................................................................SW_23

Figure 6.46 Residential and Commercial Block Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ......... .......................................................................SW_31

Figure 6.33 Services Radii encompassing Neighborhood (Liquid Planning, Neighborhoods) ......SW_23

Figure 6.47 Element-Based Impervious Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) .........SW_32

Figure 6.34 Hierarchy of Surface Permeability (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ........ SW_24

Figure 6.48 Hard + Soft Landscape (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ...........................SW_33

Figure 6.35 Photographic Inventory of Materiality (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) .........SW_24

Figure 6.49 Analysis and Site Selection for Liquid Stitches ......................................................SW_34

Figure 6.36 Materiality in Section (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ...........................SW_25

Figure 6.50 Illustrative Plan for Liquid Stitches.......SW_35

Figure 6.37 Zoning Impervious Surface Coefficients (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ......... ......................................................................SW_26 Figure 6.38 Road Impervious Surface Coefficients (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ......... ......................................................................SW_27 Figure 6.39 Oakman Boulevard (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ........................................SW_27 Figure 6.40 Neighborhood Block Ground Cover (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) .........SW_28 Figure 6.41 Ground Cover Typologies by Residential Parcel (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ............................................... SW_28 Figure 6.42 A Commercial Block Ground Cover (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) .........SW_29 Figure 6.43 Ground Cover Typologies by Commercial Parcel (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) .............................................. SW_29 Figure 6.44 A Neighborhood Block Parcel Surface (Liquid Planning, Space and Materiality) ......... ......................................................................SW_30 Figure 6.45 A Commercial Block Parcel Surface (Liquid

Figure 6.51 Site Strategies for Liquid Stitches.........SW_36 Figure 6.52 Renderings for Liquid Stitches..............SW_37 Figure 6.53 Analysis and Site Selection for Running in Circles ........................................................SW_38 Figure 6.54 Design Strategies at the Glazer for Running in Circles ....................................................SW_39 Figure 6.55 Design Strategy: former Robeson School Grounds for Running in Circles ...........SW_40 Figure 6.56 Renders for Running in Circles .............SW_41 Figure 6.57 Analysis + Site Selection for [A] Forestation ......................................................................SW_42 Figure 6.58 Design Strategies at the former Robeson School for [A]Forestation .......................SW_43 Figure 6.59 Sectional Strategies: [A]Forestation ...SW_44 Figure 6.60 Design Strategies at the former Robeson School for [A]Forestation ......................SW_45 Figure 6.61 Analysis and Site Selection for Liquid Education ..................................................SW_46 Figure 6.62 Design Strategies for Liquid Education .......... .......................................................................SW_47

105

Figure 6.63 MultiScale Strategy for Liquid Education ........ ................................................................SW_48/49 Figure 6.64 Analysis and Vacant Lots Strategy for Folly the Leader .................................................SW_50 Figure 6.65 Design Strategies: Street Interventions for Folly the Leader ........................................SW_51 Figure 6.66 Overall Strategy and Site Strategy for Folly the Leader .................................................SW_52

Figure 6.82 Images of Recommended Vegetation ............ ......................................................................SW_68 Figure 6.83 Inspirational Images: Butterfly Garden ............ ......................................................................SW_69 Figure 6.84 Map with Ideal Locations for Butterfly Garden Implementation ........................SW_69 Figure 6.85 Images, Recommended Vegetation ...SW_70

Figure 6.67 Construction Process for Folly the Leader ..... ......................................................................SW_52

Figure 6.86 Inspirational Images: Garden ................SW_71

Figure 6.68 Site Specific Renderings for Folly the Leader ......................................................................SW_53

Figure 6.87 Map with Ideal Locations for Garden Implementation .........................................SW_71

Figure 6.69 Vacant Land Toolkit for the Focus: HOPE Village ........................................................SW_55

Figure 6.88 Images, Recommended Vegetation ...SW_72

Figure 6.70 The Focus: HOPE Village ......................SW_57 Figure 6.71 The Focus: HOPE Village location in Detroit .. ......................................................................SW_57

Figure 6.89 Inspirational Images: Rain Garden.......SW_73 Figure 6.90 Map with Ideal Locations for Rain Garden Implementation ....................................... SW_73 Figure 6.91 Images, Recommended Vegetation ....SW_74

Figure 6.72 Residential Land at the Focus: HOPE Village ......................................................................SW_57

Figure 6.92 Inspirational Images: Tree Nursery .....SW_75

Figure 6.73 Buildable Area in a Residential Lot .....SW_58

Figure 6.93 Map with Ideal Locations for Tree Nursery Implementation ........................................SW_75

Figure 6.74 Vacant Land Aggregation ......................SW_59 Figure 6.75 Components Diagram ............................SW_60 106

Implementation ........................................SW_67

Figure 6.94 The Place Diagram .................................SW_76 Figure 6.95 Campus Martius........................................SW_77

Figure 6.76 Juxtaposition of Continual versus Fixed Components ..............................................SW_61

Figure 6.96 Images, Recommended Vegetation ...SW_78

Figure 6.77 Before and After images of vacant lots interventions .............................................SW_63

Figure 6.97 Inspirational Images: Neighborhood Garden ......................................................................SW_79

Figure 6.78 Future City Framework Detroit: Blue and Green Infrastructure ...............................SW_64

Figure 6.98 Map with Ideal Locations for Neighborhood Garden Implementation .........................SW_79

Figure 6.79 Images of Recommended VegetationSW_66

Figure 6.99 Images, Recommended Vegetation ..SW_80

Figure 6.80 Inspirational Images: Bioswale.............SW_67

Figure 6.100 Inspirational Images: Neighborhood Pathway ......................................................SW_81

Figure 6.81 Map with Ideal Locations for Bioswale HOPE VILLAGE INITIATIVE: Student Work

Figure 6.101 Map with Ideal Locations for Neighborhood Pathway Implementation ........................SW_81

Figure 6.119 Final Presentation: Focused Hands Gardens ......................................................................SW_97

Figure 6.102 Images, Recommended Vegetation .SW_82

Figure 6.120 Learning from HOPE Village ...............SW_97

Figure 6.103 Inspirational Images: Outdoor Gym...SW_83

Figure 6.121 Students during the Summer Internship 2013 ..................................................................... SW_97

Figure 6.104 Map with Ideal Locations for Outdor Gym Implementation ........................................SW_83 Figure 6.105 Images, Recommended Components ........... ......................................................................SW_84 Figure 6.106 Inspirational Images: Public Art Installation .. ......................................................................SW_85 Figure 6.107 Map with Ideal Locations for Public Art Installation Implementation .................SW_85 Figure 6.108 Images, Recommended Components ........... ......................................................................SW_86 Figure 6.109 Inspirational Images: Strip Landscaping ........ ......................................................................SW_87 Figure 6.110 Map with Ideal Locations for Strip Landscaping Implementation ...............SW_87 Figure 6.111 Rendering of a working day at Focus: HOPE ......................................................................SW_89 Figure 6.112 Images of the Workshop with Students at the Glazer Academy .........................SW_90-91 Figure 6.113 Site for the three proposals at Glazer.SW_92 Figure 6.114 Images from the Sensory Playscape .SW_92 Figure 6.115 Images from Outdoor Adventure Playscape ..................................................................... SW_93 Figure 6.116 Images from Happy Habitats ...............SW_93 Figure 6.117 Workshop: Landscape Architecture Students present their designs to the students in the Glazer Academy ................................SW_94-95 Figure 6.118 New ROOTS Growing System .............SW_96

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LIQUID PLANNING INTERDISCIPLINARY GRADUATE SEMINAR

“WATER MACHINES” Assignment 03: Student Work

IV

RETAINING FALLS This system retains water by channeling the flow through a series of interior volumes. Along its journey, the water is slowed and diverted by an ever increasing system of drops, corridors and curves.

The system is capable of absorbing large quantities of water due to two retaining volumes that slow the turbulent fluid prior to its regulated release.

Student: Tim Bevins

Documented flow demonstrating range of conditions encountered as water moves between retaining volumes

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

V

VI

Student: Tim Bevins

interior surfaces

VII

interior volumes

merged system

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

VIII

COLLECT Its inspiration comes from Carlo Scarpa’s Fondazione Querini Stampalia. The constructed space within allows for the seasonal flows of water and at the same time instructs its very intentional flow through smaller moves.

Through the layering of material and manipulation of these layers, this model looks to collect water at differing speeds and capacities.

Student: Robin Chhabra

IX

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

TOTAL VO

ELD =

43.9 c

b. in.

= approx. 8.5 inches

48 sheets of 3/16� acrylic

LUME H

8 in

che

s

VOID SPACE AXON

X

Student: Robin Chhabra

s

he

nc

4i

XI

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XII

HONEY DRIP PERCOLATION A three-dimensional form of plexiglass was constructed to visually represent water percolation. The the model was constructed to visualize water running through the form as a material occupying space. The requirements were; to comprise more than 30% of the model’s volume, create a distributed volume of water, for the water to enter at one point, and exit at least 5 points.

Student: Cole Gehler

XIII

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

PERCOLATION: Allow liquid to move through a form by distributing its volume throughout the entire system.

POOLING: Allow for places to hold/absorb select amounts of liquid creating saturation

HONEYCOMB: Excavate a honeycomb pattern that makes a percolation design.

XIV

WATER CAPACITY: 860 HONEYCOMB PIECES 315 HONEYCOMB PIECES VOIDED CREATING PATHS 37% OPEN TO PERCOLATION

Student: Cole Gehler

WATER RESIDUALS: The design’s purpose is to create spaces that slowly fill and hold water.

Few paths release water while most contain it, creating a series of pools.

large basin entrance

side exits

XV

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XVI

PERCOLATE The design of my water model features large chambers which have different fill rates to direct water down chutes. The chutes have varying angles and opening sizes to study where the water will flow out the most at the end. Water is poured into a main chamber and then flows down once it reaches a certain level.

Student: Ryan Ornberg

XVII The second chamber has two chutes that divide up the amount of water, carrying it to further be divided. The interesting part is when the flow of water in the system becomes too great for the most popular chambers that it backs up and directs water into an alternate chamber (on the far left side).

Overall, the water is divided up among six final chutes which project the water out the side of the model.

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

a

b

Sponge Section

c d 8 cubic inches a 12 cubic inches b

d

5 cubic inches c

d

0.5 cubic inches d

XVIII d

d

Student: Ryan Ornberg

60% containment

c

10% outflow 08% outflow 06% outflow 36% outflow 32% outflow 08% outflow

XIX d

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XX

PERCOLATION By excavating 512 pieces of modular “bricks“ from the original volume, the model tries to percolate water as it enters from the top, and exits from the wholes on the four facades close to the bottom.

The modular brick has the dimension of 0.25 x 0.5 x 1 Cubic Inch, and the aggregation of these bricks forms three different scenarios in the model, which are vector, segment, and cluster.

The velocity of water movement is controlled by the intersection size of the bricks.

Student: Shaoxuan Dong

XXI

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

8.4

’’ (

’

96

0.1

’’ (

77

0.1

’’ x

8’ 48

)

4’’

96

’

77

’’ x

8’ 48

)

4’’

8.4

Total Bound Volumen: 8.496 x 8 x 4 = 271.872 Inch3

XXII

Actual Total Volumen: 190 Inch3

Student: Shaoxuan Dong

Total Excavated Volumen: 0.125 x 512 = 64 Inch3

Cluster

Segment

XXIII

Vector

Segment

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XXIV

“STORE/DEPOSIT” This project investigates the processes of storage and movement of water through a sequence of 18 gravity-fed spaces. Each “space” unfolds into the next, and the orientation of each is sequentially rotated to develop a distinct visual composition that varies amongst elevations and plan (and perspectival viewing).

Student: Zachary Gong

XXV Line, plane (and volume) create a cascading sequence of spaces that, when vacant of water, are woven around additional negative space to unveil an unclear nest of form. The logical stepwise sequence and coherent spatial order are only made apparent once the model is engaged with water, whose movement through, up, across and down the network of spaces reveals their scale, function and relationships to one another.

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

max. capacity / perc. stor. / standing capacity

B) 0.1221 in3 / 58% / 0.0714 in3

D) 0.5660 in3 / 0% / 0.0000 in3 E) 0.3674 in3 / 72% / 0.2675 in3 G) 0.2080 in3 / 0% / 0.0000 in3 H) 0.4595 in3 / 64% / 0.2945 in3

J) 0.5186 in3 / 58% / 0.3031 in3

L) 0.2937 in3 / 66% / 0.1939in3 O) 0.1380 in3 / 37% / 0.0512in3 Q) 0.6793 in3 / 0% / 0.0000in3

Front Elevation

9.9531 in3 / 43% / 4.3316 in3 XXVI

R

N

P

L

O

K

Q M

J

Student: Zachary Gong

I

Sid

max. capacity / perc. stor. / standingcapacity A) 0.5531 in3 / 0% / 0.0000 in3

C) 0.8493 in3 / 69% / 0.5852 in3

F) 0.5347 in3 / 69% / 0.3684 in3

I) 1.8725 in3 / 67% / 1.2545 in3 K) 0.5703 in3 / 0% / 0.0000 in3

M) 1.0681 in3 / 54% / 0.5767 in3 N) 0.2028 in3 / 0% / 0.0000 in3 P) 0.5761 in3 / 64% / 0.3661 in3 R) 0.3868 in3 / 0% / 0.0000 in3

de Elevation

0.0000 in3 / 100% / 0.0000in3 XXVII G F H A D E

C

B

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

0:02

0:08

0:04

0:10

PERCOLATE

COLLECT

0:06

XXVIII

0:12

DISPERSED RETENTION Water is collected and redirected from one volume into four different volumes where it is filtered and retained at four different speeds through a series of apertures that vary between perimeter and area of the volume at each layer.

Student: Carla Landa

0:16

0:20 RETAIN

0:24

0:28

0:48

1:14

0:32

0:56

1:24

0:40

1:04

1:44

XXIX

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

COLLECT

volume 1

volume 2

volume 3

volume 4

PERCOLATE

RETAIN

volume 6

PERCOLATE

volume 5

PERCOLATE

4

XXX

VOLUME DIVISION

COLLECT PERCOLATE RETAIN

Student: Carla Landa

2

1

3

XXXI

CIRCULATION PATH VOLUME DIVISION

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XXXII

LINES OF COLLECTION Through varying volumes and dimensions, this water model explores the collection of water in different retention pools and series of pipes. Depending on the amount and speed of water pushed through the system, different sets of pipes and areas of collection will activate and channel the fluid.

Student: Ellen Manasse

XXXIII

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

OVERALL FLOW AND CROSS SECTION

XXXIV

Student: Ellen Manasse

XXXV

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XXXVI

RETAIN This system uses siphoning principles to pull water through the model into a series of reservoirs. Water is retained in each reservoir until a critical volume is reached, and the entire reservoir empties completely into the next. A series of variables are tested at different points along the water’s path through the model.

Student: Eric Pasche

XXXVII

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

WATER FLOW PROCESS VARIATION ON SLOPE reservoir fills

this portion tests water’s ability to flow two channels of varying slopes. the collection reservoirs are equally sized to help visualize the volume of water moved

maximum capacity

CIRCUITOUS PATH here, a straight channel is compared against a more circuitous path to determine water’s ability to flow through more complex geometries

critical water level

RESERVOIR DEPTH these two reservoirs contain the same volume of water, but with different depths to investigate the effect of this variable on water’s flow

XXXVIII

reservoir emptys

DRIP FINISH When the water reaches the final reservoir, a dripping action provides an understanding of how much water is moved

Student: Eric Pasche

XXXIX

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XL

POUR.PUNCTURE.POOL. This construct tests a geometry of retention where water enters in one location, flows for a minimum of 20 seconds, and exits out of another location. To ensure the water flows for at least the minimum required time, the construct will employ a system of adjacent pour-spill voids.

The sectional stacking of acrylic abstracts the form of the voids, such that they appear as a constellation of rectangles that are just adjacent to one another.

Student: Landry Root

XLI Once the water begins occupying these spaces though, the voids become fragmented revealing an overlap in certain areas.

The water exits each prism and flows into the adjacent one through a collection of 1/8� diameter perforations. The use of perforations permits water to move between the prisms, but also creates enough restriction such that some water remains in the preceding prism thus continuing to fill up the remaining void within it. Ideally, if water were to be continually poured, the voids would all appear full as water simultaneously trickles out of the final one.

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XLII

OPTIMAL POOL.FLOW.

Student: Landry Root

POOL (CONT.) PUNCTURE

POUR/POOL

XLIII

SEQUENCE.(OF)FLOW.

PUNCTURE.FLOW.

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XLIV

TIDAL POOLS AND WATER CAVES

Student: Oleksandra Topolnytska

XLV

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

TIDAL POOLS AND WATER CAVES

5.3”

9” 4.5”

1 2 3 4 5

water poured at the highest point of the model water moves downhill to the lowest point 1 water poured at the highest point of the model water goes upward filling up the caves 2 water moves downhill to the lowest point water does not exist faster than it is held 3 water goes upward filling up the caves z collected defines a dynamic space 4 water does not exist faster than it is held 5 z collected defines a dynamic space

XLVI

1

Student: Oleksandra Topolnytska

2

3

TIDAL POOLS AND WATER CAVES

5.3”

9” Natural flow and collection of water in tidal pools and water4.5” caves XLVII 1 2 3 4 5

water poured at the highest point of the model water moves downhill to the lowest point water goes upward filling up the caves water does not exist faster than it is held z collected defines a dynamic space

4

N

5

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

XLVIII

WATERFALLING The aim of this model is to split the distribution of water through various pathways. In a combination of steps and spiraling, these pathways are shaped with the intention of allowing multiple detours as the water levels rise and fall. Along the way, there are various moments of opportunities for minute amounts of water to trickle and bypass the main path of travel. Ultimately, all routes will lead to the same catchment basin which will provide five exits.

Student: Catherine Truong

XLIX

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

L

Student: Catherine Truong

Initial capture

Path A

9.5 in3

15.3 in3

239 in3

Path B

Catch & Release

7.1 in

33.6 in3

3

65.5 in3

LI

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

LII

COLLECTION

Student: Wen Zhong

LIII

LIQUID PLANNING | Assignment 03

STRUCTURE

1. This small water pocket is the basic unit in the model.

4. Combine the eight units together to create a larger pocket, where water from one side when exceeding the limit.

2. Put four pockets together with a hole in the center, which serves as the water exit when the pockects are full.

5. The larger pockects follow one another in different heights. In the lower pocket, water fills the two smaller units it encounters first, then exits from the other two.

3. Flip them over with no holes in the center.

6. Four large pockects can fit into the model.

Water follows a zigzag path, entering from the upper right corner, and flowing out from the bottom left corner.

LIV

Student: Wen Zhong

COLLECT Cumulative Water Volume

0.4 cu in

9.6 cu in

4.8 cu in

14.0 cu in

5.0 cu in

14.2 cu in

9.4 cu in

18.6 cu in