ProAgri Zambia 50

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black swan is a rare event that can be classified as unpredictable and catastrophic, and having a disruptive influence on a significant number of people. The Corona virus 2019 is a classic example. This insignificant disease from somewhere far away in China suddenly spread across the world and caused the world economy to go through a sudden and very sharp dip due to the uncertainty it brought about.

Furthermore, the ripple effect of the shutdown of worldwide economic activities will be dire. Some economists reckon that China, which is heavily dependent on their manufacturing industry which involves a lot of human activity, will never recover completely.

When going to print, Zambia is still one of the lucky countries not affected

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by the virus. Besides South Africa, it seems as if Southern Africa overall is going to be minimally affected, touch wood. We also had the advantage of hindsight after we saw what happened in China and how they responded. With diligence, their disaster management and medical industry brought it back to manageable numbers. They did a really fantastic job in ensuring containment in their country at last.

The Zambian Ministry of Health issued a warning statement on Saturday with guidelines on how the government will deal with the issue and how to protect ourselves. This is reassuring and when followed, the spread will be minimal and life in Zambia will be going on as normal. We can also only hope that the virus didn’t slip undetected through our ports of entry and is slowly spreading among our populace.

If so, our health care system will struggle to cope.

The other challenge which is more real is the immediate future of the foreign trade from especially China.

Zambia depends on China for many manufactured products, and our commodities need to be exported to a country which reduced their economic activities. Let us hope circumstances in China will be back to normal soon.

This month we were planning and thinking Agritech, but on the last minute we received the bad news. The DLG, who were organising the show, told us that the Corona virus forced them to postpone Agritech. We shall keep you updated via our Facebook page and newsletters.

Farm smartly!

Du Preez de Villiers dupreez@proagri.co.za

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2.

AFGRI Equipment Zambia: Here is how we save you time and money

5.

Falcon: 35 years of our innovation for your success

7.

Tiger Feeds: Better management improves broiler growth

9.

Novatek: Reduce costs and increase growth with phase feeding

42

10.

Create the perfect environment for your dairy cattle: Part 7

14.

The operation and application of medium and big square balers: Part 6

18.

Syngenta shares interesting facts: Wheat production 2020

21.

Bayer offers a complete arsenal of solutions

23.

AGCO: The final step in successful crop farming: Harvesting and storage

24.

SeedCo: Another early maturing, climate smart and double cobbing maize hybrid

25.

SeedCo: Choose your wheat variety wisely!

27.

United Fertilizers: Why are potassium and calcium so important for vegetables?

30.

Fertigate for soil health and profit: Part 8

32.

Turn your crops into condiments and seasonings: Part 4

42.

AgriServe Agro introduces: Multimilk, a complete milk replacer for calves

ProAgri Zambia 50

Cover

Letter from the Editor

AFGRI choose their suppliers carefully and one of them is John Deere with their impeccable products and services. An exciting machine to be launched soon will be the John Deere C120 combine harvester.

Read more about AFGRI on page 2.

ProAgri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a

Nangwenya House No. 7352 Nangwenya Road Rhodespark +26 (0)97-769-9786 www.proagri.co.za Copyright © 2019. All rights r­ eserved. No m ­ aterial, text or p ­ hoto­graphs may be r­ eproduced, copied or in any other way t­ ransmitted without the written consent of the publisher. O ­ pinions ­expressed are not n ­ ecessarily those of the publisher or of the e ­ ditor. We recognise all trademarks and logos as the sole property of their r­ espective o ­ wners.

ProAgri shall not be liable for any errors or for any actions in reliance thereon.

ProAgri Zambia Editor Du Preez de Villiers > +27 82-598-7329 dupreez@proagri.co.za Reporters Annemarie Bremner > +27 82-320-3642 annemarie@proagri.co.za Benine Ackermann > +27 73-105-6938 benine@proagri.co.za Jaco Cilliers > +27 71-893-6477 jaco@proagri.co.za Senior Production Manager: Zainab Pandor > +26 (0)97-769-9786 zainab@proagri.co.za Marketing Manager Diane Grobler > +27 82-555-6866 diane@proagri.co.za Marketing Xander Pieterse > +27 79-524-0934 xander@proagri.co.za Johan Swartz > +27 71-599-9417 johan@proagri.co.za Tiny Smith > +27 82-698-3353 tiny@proagri.co.za Anelda Strauss > +27 74-424-0055 anelda@proagri.co.za Gerhard Potgieter > +27 74-694-4422 gerhard@proagri.co.za Creative Manager Christiaan Joubert > +27 72-419-3990 christiaan@proagri.co.za Design Michelle Kruger & Esta van Niekerk Enquiries Engela Botha > +27 12-803-0782 engela@proagri.co.za Accounts Ronel Schluter > +27 12-803-0782 accounts@proagri.co.za Business Manager George Grobler

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AFGRI Equipment Zambia:

Here is how we save you time and money

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ver the past three years AFGRI Zambia has had to restructure its business strategy to adapt to the conditions affecting the buying power of our farmers throughout the country.

Likewise, many other businesses in the agricultural sector also had to restructure their operations.

In efforts to provide better services to our clients, AFGRI decided to create an independent entity called AFGRI Equipment Zambia to focus primarily on equipment supply. AFGRI Equipment Zambia was registered in 2019 and has been in operation since.

AFGRI Equipment is the pre-eminent agricultural and golf-and-turf equipment retailer in Africa and Western Australia. AFGRI Equipment offers the world’s leading equipment brands and back these brands with an after sales service as good as the products they sell. The passionate team at AFGRI Equipment will ensure innovative solutions to meet customer needs. Through a network of strategically placed Equipment branches, AFGRI Equipment supplies tractors, combines, TLB’s, telehandlers, wheeled loaders, planters, balers, sprayers, mowers, spreaders, graders, loaders, post-hole diggers and GPS based precision agricultural equipment.

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AFGRI Equipment also supplies John Deere ride-on lawnmowers and John Deere Gator utility vehicles for farm and industrial use. They also supply a comprehensive range of golf course and commercial landscaping equipment.

AFGRI saves you time and money.

ProAgri Zambia 50

AFGRI's dedicated and qualified staff.

The people of AFGRI pride themselves on their excellent after sales service. Their modern workshop facilities are well-equipped to repair and service all the equipment they sell. As an added convenience, they have a vast fleet of mobile service vehicles.

They come to you to service and repair equipment in order to save you time and money. AFGRI has highly trained and well-motivated service personnel.

AFGRI also invests in the future with a well-developed apprentice training programme. No machine can function without a reliable supply of spare

parts, and they strive to make parts as accessible as possible. Please visit their spare parts page to see the online parts ordering options available for their customers.

Wherever you are in Zambia, South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Ghana or Western Australia, you will find an AFGRI Equipment branch conveniently situated to meet your needs. Whether you are a big commercial farmer, emerging farmer, weekend farmer, smallholder, game farmer, homeowner, greenkeeper, groundsman or just need a tractor to launch your boat, AFGRI is the place to go.

In 1963 the then co-operative entered into an agency agreement with John Deere, which has now grown to be the single biggest John Deere dis-

ProAgri Zambia 50

tributorship in Africa. This means that AFGRI has been associated with John Deere for more than 50 years.

Since its registration in 2019, AFGRI Equipment Zambia established the right structures to provide excellent service to clients. They have three key departments, namely Whole Goods, Parts, and Service with qualified personnel dedicated to deliver excellent service throughout the country.

For more information, please contact AFGRI on +260211-273757 or send an e-mail to ks@afgri.com.zm.

Also visit the website at www.afgriequipment.co.za.

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35 year s of our innovation f or your s ucces s T

his year, Falcon celebrates 35 years of innovation, quality and reliability. With a wide dealer network and a passion for serving our customers, our business is focused on your success.

We are really excited to be forging into 2020 with our celebration of 35 years of innovation, quality and reliability. Our anniversary reminds us of the passion we have always had for serving our customers, in order for them to achieve their own success.

We recognise that we live in a society obsessed with “throw-away” and “replace rather than fix”, and where businesses increasingly build their revenue models on planned obsolescence and product life-cycles, and we are proud that these have never been considerations in our business.

The longevity and durability of our implements are unique and should be celebrated. We pride ourselves on this “built to last” reputation and the reliability Falcon implements have delivered to farmers for over three decades.

This solid reputation in the industry as the benchmark for quality, durability

and safety as well as our reputation of operating ethically and with the utmost of respect and professionalism, are elements which underpin our business and form our DNA. This is what makes us Falcon, and we will continue to deliver this to our customers for decades to come.

Since being established in 1985, the company has seen significant change, growing from a small family business to one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of highly innovative agricultural implements.

With a strong footprint in SubSaharan Africa, we successfully export our products to more than ten other African countries.

In South Africa, we have an impressive network of over 350 authorised dealers, of which approximately 110 are dedicated mechanisation dealers.

The Falcon and Locust ranges of implements are locally manufactured with an on-going programme of innovation and improvement to ensure consistency in satisfying customers’ ever-changing requirements.

ProAgri Zambia 50

We also import a range of implements to complement the locally manufactured ones. These include Amazone, the leaders in German innovation, with a range of spreaders, sprayers, mowers and tillage implements as well as Votex shredders (from the Netherlands).

Falcon runs its own spare parts division and is the exclusive supplier of all Falcon Original and Amazone spare parts through our network of authorised dealers. This enhances the dependability of our implements and minimises downtime for the farmer.

Looking to the future, Falcon will continue to develop new products and services in response to the changing needs of the African agricultural industry. Our priorities are focused on maintaining our professional approach to business, while adopting and evolving new technologies, innovations and ways of doing business that keep us relevant in a changing marketplace.

We look forward to continued success and growth as a local manufacturer, importer and distributor. The next 35 years are sure to be just as exciting – if not more so – than the first.

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ProAgri Zambia 50

Better management improves broiler growth and saves expensive medicine

tinue to grow well and fend off diseases as long as they are given the proper environment for growth.

A combination of quality nutrition and increased consideration of poultry management help to ensure the animals have the best possible chance to perform at their maximum potential.

A recent seminar in Southern Province of Zambia discussed the basics of broiler farming management and the importance of taking care of the unique needs during the first few days of a young bird’s life. It was rewarding to meet with these dedicated farmers, listen to their individual situations, and together explore ways to obtain the highest level of quality and performance with their Indian River birds.

everyone’s job, where regular education and staff training are essential for proper implementation.

Vaccination, feed and additives, sanitation and biosecurity programmes provide a solid first line of defence against disease in raising poultry.

Adequate management in terms of facilities and equipment, feed and water availability, temperature regulation, air quality, litter quality and sanitation are equally important and has an enormous impact on poultry health.

Therefore, management and health programmes are inseparable and must be considered in combination with all facets of poultry production.

The proper blend of health and management programmes will provide an environment that will offer the best opportunity for affording nutrients in the feed for growth, instead of spending the money on more medicine than needed for best bottom line performance.

Vaccination This suggested vaccination programme can be followed to improve broiler health: • 8th day Gumboro (vaccine type IBD TABIC) • 12th day Newcastle (vaccine type Abic VH) + IB Var • 18th day Gumboro (vaccine type IBD TABIC) • 21st day Newcastle disease (vaccine type Abic VH) + IB Var

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oultry management usually refers to the husbandry practices or production techniques that enable maximum production efficiency. Sound management practices are essential to optimise production. Scientific poultry management aims at maximising returns with minimum investment.

The brooding phase is especially important upon arrival at the farm. The chicks must Achieving good bird and gut health requires operational excellence and attention to detail. eat and drink immediately. It is important because rapid feed and water consumption provide the critical nutrients necessary for the development of tissues and organ systems that allow maximum performance and health.

In most instances the chick will have been vaccinated with various live viruses that will produce some degree of infection. This is necessary in order to encourage the development of a strong immune system. However, it is critical that the brooding environment provide stress-free, optimal conditions in terms of feed, water, air quality and temperature, so that chicks can get through this stage as quickly as possible and start growing rapidly.

Flocks that are started well will con-

Rowena Blanco, Nutritionist for Tiger Animal Feeds, discussed optimum nutrition for maximum broiler health and performance. In addition, Indian River International Commercial and Support Manager, Mohsen Ganjaei, presented a paper on effective brooding management during both winter and summer conditions.

Treatments Do not try to substitute good management for medication. The solution is a well organised, robust biosecurity programme which is critical to maintain healthy birds on the farm. Biosecurity will minimise the exposure of birds to disease-causing organisms. Understanding and following stipulated biosecurity practices must be part of

ProAgri Zambia 50

Only the laboratory can provide a reliable diagnosis of a specific disease and the correct prescription for medication.

For more information, contact Rowena Blanco at +26096-7991-847 or +260-967790-404, send an e-mail to rowena@tigerfeeds.com.zm, or visit the website at www.tigerfeeds.com.

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ProAgri Zambia 50

Nov at ek :

Reduce cost s and incr ease gr ow t h w it h phase f eeding F

eed for your needs is the golden rule of phase feeding. Phase feeding is a term used to describe the practice of feeding different diets over shorter periods to meet the nutrient requirements of your animals more accurately.

Due to an increase in raw material costs over the years, there is an increased focus on farming more efficiently. One way to achieve this is through precision feeding.

Feeding a diet that meets the requirements of the animal at a specific time, will reduce the cost of feed over the production period and also allow the animal to grow to its full genetic potential.

When you only feed one or two diets for an entire production period, you will be overfeeding or underfeeding the animal for most of the production cycle. This is illustrated in Figure 1. The red line indicates the nutrient requirements of the bird (in this example – lysine) over time. The green line is the lysine supplied by the diet when one diet is fed. The shaded area indicates when the bird is underfed, or overfed on lysine. Usually in this case, you are restricting performance during the starter phase, which will have an effect on the entire production cycle, and overfeeding at the finisher phase, which adds unnecessary feed costs to production.

When we overfeed nutrients to an animal, it is not only costly, but it can also be harmful to the animal. Excess nutrients that are not utilised by the animal will end up in the lower digestive system and may lead to harmful microbial growth, leading to dysbacteriosis.

Excess nutrients such as nitrogen will also be released into the environment, leading to excess ammonia build-up and air pollution.

ProAgri Zambia 50

Figure 1

Figure 2

Underfeeding nutrients will inhibit the animal to reach its genetic potential. The bird has a specific nutrient requirement for maintenance, and for production. Nutrients are first used for maintenance, and thereafter additional nutrients are used for production.

Figure 2 illustrates what it looks like when feeding several diets. It is clear that compared to Figure 1, there are fewer days when the animal is either underfed or overfed, thus feeding more closely to the nutrient requirements of the animal.

It is important to note that as an animal becomes older, the requirement for energy increases, while the requirement for protein and amino acids decreases.

This is why starter feeds often have higher protein levels than finisher feeds.

Following the feeding guidelines of the feed company will help you to farm more efficiently and, in the end, it will increase the profitability of the business.

You can contact Wiehan Visagie at wiehan.visagie@novatek.co.zm or MarnĂŠ Visagie at nutritionist@ novatek.co.zm for any information on feeding and feeds.

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Create the perfect environment for your dairy cattle Part 7: Planning of a dairy Eksteen Lindeque and Petrus Britz (Pr. Eng.) Photo: pxhere.com.

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he planning and construction of a successful dairy require thoughtful actions and the involvement of various knowledgeable people. Many problems and complaints about dairies come about as a result of poor planning and design.

It is therefore important to obtain expert advice before planning your dairy. A design team should be formed, consisting of an agricultural engineer, veterinarian, a supplier of dairy equipment, a financial advisor and any other person whose advice can be of value to the farmer and who knows the farm, and the construction or operation of a dairy.

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Choice of a site and layout The choice of a site is influenced by the following factors: • Existing infrastructure of the site.

The site must be as close as possible to an electricity supply point, near a water source with sufficient, clean water, and vehicles must have easy access to the site from a main road.

• Suitability of the topography of the site. Thoroughly consider factors such as landslides and drainage. Use natural slopes to ensure good natural drainage.

• Soil characteristics of the site. Avoid filled soil sites, underlying rock

layers, sand-drift or clayey soils that swell and shrink.

• Possible problems with pollution.

Consider the immediate environment, as well as the position of natural water sources to prevent pollution.

During the planning of the layout of the site, the following factors must be kept in mind: • Buildings must be placed in such a way that the optimum flow pattern of the product and labour can be obtained. The facilitation of management must be considered at the same time.

ProAgri Zambia 50

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E-mail: info@neriainvestments.com

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ProAgri Zambia 50

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• Dairy buildings must be situated where they are visible from the farmhouse.

• When determining the distances between buildings, factors such as fire hazards, ventilation and the spreading of diseases must be considered.

Large buildings must be at least 30 m apart to prevent fire from spreading from one building to another.

• The milking parlour must be relatively close to the grazing in order to milk economically. A walking distance of 6 km per day for a dairy cow is considered normal. This means that the grazing must not be further than 1,5 km from the milking parlour (if milked twice daily).

• Dairy buildings must be downwind from the farmhouse, but upwind from the service road depending on the prevailing winds during the day.

• Suitable control of access to the site must be possible.

• Sufficient space must be provided for future expansion. The dairy must not be built too close to natural watercourses, because space is required between the milking parlour and the watercourse for manure dams.

• Thorough consideration must be given to flood watercourses to, from and on the site.

Flow pattern The flow pattern involves the efficient control of cows moving from the veld to the milking parlour and back with minimum stress for the cow and the labourer. It is not only applicable to corrals and milking parlours, but to the entire dairy. The flow pattern of cows is just as important in intensive systems as in extensive systems.

The larger the herd, the more important the flow pattern. Any delay worsens as the cow numbers increase, with problems increasing if the herd number exceeds 60. Physical barriers such as sharp corners and bottlenecks are easily noticed. It is, however, not easy to notice things that frighten cows and make them hesitate. It can be caused by anything such as a slippery concrete floor on which they find it difficult to stand. It can also be a result of insufficient current protection around the shed, which causes the cows to get light electric shocks when neutral to earth currents (stray currents) are conducted to the cowshed.

As already mentioned, the maximum distance the cows have to walk from the veld to the milking parlour must be considered. These paths must be of good quality. They must be firm, well drained, of even width and without barriers or sharp corners. Any objects or constructions that cause the cows to bunch up, frighten them or push them against fences, influence the flow adversely.

Sharp turns in paths must be replaced with a series of wider turns. U-turns hinder the flow of cattle and must be 12

The maximum distance the cows have to walk from the veld to the milking parlour must be considered. neglected. Farmers must determine how inviting their milking parlours are. Cows do not like to move from light to dark.

The ideal is therefore that the milking parlour must be lit and free of barriers.

The exit from the milking parlour is also very important. If it is too narrow, cows are crushed and if it is too wide, they will stand still and socialise. It does not matter how well the milking parlour is designed, as soon as the cows leave the parlour and suitable heading-off facilities are not provided, all aforementioned flow systems will be futile.

Cows will hesitate to enter a holding pen if the surface is too slippery.

Photo: afnewsagency from Pixabay. avoided.

Cows will hesitate to enter a holding pen if the surface is too slippery. The concrete floor must have a coarse finish, as cows will move better if they have confidence in their footing. It will be ideal if the cows can enter the holding pen from the back entrance than from the side entrance, so that they can see the milking parlour. A crowding pen also helps in this situation.

A milking parlour must be provided with a proper entrance door, with railings used for directing the cows towards one side or the other, rather than causing them to block the system by hesitating between the two sides. Factors that divert the attention of the cows can also obstruct the flow in the cow pens. Cows in the holding pen that can see other cows being milked and being returned to the veld, will stand lowing rather than queuing to be milked. A wall or solid gate will rule out this temptation.

Illumination is a factor that is often

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Next month we shall take a look at milking parlours and related structures.

Published with acknowledgement to the ARC Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www. arc.agric.za for more information.

ProAgri Zambia 50

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The operation and application of medium and big square balers Part 6: Baler attachments

by GJ Stoltz (Reg Eng Tech)

T

he process of baling has many components as we have seen over the past five months. It always helps if you can combine certain processes to work more time-efficient and cost-effective. In this part of the series the focus will be on the attachments that can be added to the balers to ease operations on the farm.

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The following extra attachments can be mounted on a square baler, or used with a square baler: Wagon hitch: This hitch permits the hitching of a wagon, or a trailer, to the rear of the baler. When using a trailer behind a

baler, bales can be loaded directly from the baler onto the trailer.

The position of the hitch can be changed to the left or right, to allow the trailer to follow the baler properly.

The distance of the trailer behind the baler can also be adjusted.

ProAgri Zambia 50

Picture 1: A wagon hitch can be mounted behind the baler underneath the bale chamber.

ProAgri Zambia 50

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ProAgri Zambia 50

Bale chute: An extended bale chute, supported by chains, can be mounted at the back of the baler. This chute also allows bales to be loaded from the baler directly onto a low-bed wagon.

Picture 2: The extended bale chute can be folded upwards when the baler is transported on a road.

Loading frame: This frame is manufactured from steel tubes and mounted at the back of the baler onto the exit of the bale chamber. The bales are then pushed from the bale chamber through the loading frame onto the wagon or a trailer.

When mounting the loading frame to the baler, the following procedures must be followed As seen in picture 3: Attach chain bolts (1) and mounting plates (2). Attach the loading frame to the mounting plates and secure with bolt (3) and spring pin (4). Attach upper chains (5) to bolt (1), cross the chains and pass them through eye bolt (6). When the load frame is adjusted to the desired height, the chain hooks must be hooked to the appropriate chain links. Secure the lower chains (7) to chain hooks (8), pass the chains through the eye bolts at (9) and adjust the chain tension by attaching the chain and hooks to the appropriate chain links.

Bale thrower: This device is also called a bale ejector and is mounted at the end of the bale chamber. It consists of two sets

Picture 3: Loading frame.

of belts and rollers that grip the bale when it exits the bale chamber. The one belt grips the bale at the bottom and the other one at the top. The belts are hydraulically driven. As soon as the belts have a full grip on the bale, and the baler is running at a high speed, they eject the bale and throw it onto the trailer. A bale thrower can also swivel from side to side for a balanced load on the trailer.

Bale counter: An automatic bale counter can be mounted on the bale chamber to provide an accurate count of the number of bales produced.

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Picture 4: A bale thrower in action.

We thank the ARC Agricultural Engineering in South Africa who made the information on square balers available to the readers of ProAgri Zambia.

Next month we shall look at the transport and safety aspects of bales and balers as well as some maintenance advice.

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Syngenta shares interesting facts:

Wheat production 2020

by Brian Mhango

S

ocrates once said: "Nobody is qualified to become a statesman who is entirely ignorant of the problem of wheat.�

With that quote I thought of sharing a few interesting bits about wheat.

Wheat was one of the first domesticated food crops, and for 8 000 years has been the basic staple food of major civilisations in Europe, West Asia and North Africa. It is grown on more land than any other crop.

World trade for wheat is greater than for any other cereal. The only other agricultural commodity traded more than wheat is soya beans. More foods are made with wheat than any other cereal grain.

Wheat provides more nourishment (calories & proteins) for humans than any other single food crop. Accounting for a fifth of humanity's food, wheat is second only to rice as a source of calories in the diets of developing country consumers, and it is first as a source of protein.

Demand for wheat in the developing world is projected to increase 60% by 2050. At the same time, climate change induced temperature increases are likely to reduce wheat production in developing countries by 20 to 30%.

(Wheat CRP, FAOSTAT).

I believe the above provides a lot of enthusiasm for farmers going into wheat production this winter. With wheat prices averaging $400 to 475 per tonne, dams steadily filling up in the wheat producing areas, coupled with a positive global demand for 18

wheat, we believe there can be no better time than now to invest in wheat production.

One of the most important decisions to make for profitable wheat production is choosing the right variety or varieties to plant.

Many differences exist between varieties, and it is imperative to assess what characteristics are important in a particular production area to reduce

Many differences exist between wheat varieties.

or manage risks. Growers are encouraged to diversify their risk by planting multiple certified varieties. This helps improve the chances of success. Certified seed ensures the highest quality with good germination and absence of noxious weeds.

The soil environment plays a critical role in optimising wheat growth, and development has consistently shown increased wheat yields with deep tillage. In fields with hard pans or compacted soils, tillage enables easier root

growth and penetration, increasing the potential for water and nutrient uptake.

Tillage also serves to reduce surface residue that may host diseases and pests. In wet years, compacted, dense soils can result in very low soil-oxygen conditions, which can reduce yields of most small grains due to poor root production and nutrient uptake. No-till is less common in wheat production due to observed yield reductions ranging from 3 to 20%. With the understanding that no-till management often has a wheat yield penalty, it may be considered as a decision for the whole farm system to reduce erosion and save on tillage costs. Disking is a common tillage practice that can provide an excellent seedbed, but may lead to the formation of a compacted layer of soil.

The weight of the implement is concentrated in a very small area at the tip of the disk, and when disking is repeated several times, a hard pan can form.

Deep tillage (bottom or para ploughing or V-ripping) is the most reliable tillage option to optimise yield potential. It is slower and more expensive than disking, but is usually cost effective with improved yields. When double-cropping field operations make it impractical to deep till, chiselling or subsoiling can be a beneficial alternative.

Consistent and proper seed placement will influence the uniformity of emergence, final stand, and potential yield of wheat. Good seed soil contact with soil moisture promotes rapid emergence and good root development.

Wheat should be planted at least 2,5 to 4 cm deep when soil moisture is adequate for good germination. Take care to achieve uniform planting depth, as poor depth control leaves seed too deep or too shallow for uniform emergence.

Planting wheat with a properly calibrated planter is preferred over broadcasting, as uniform emergence is very difficult to achieve when broadcasting wheat. Numerous studies have demonstrated that higher yields are consistently achieved with a properly calibrated planter compared to broadcasting.

It can be beneficial to establish a row traffic pattern at planting or soon after emergence, for all post-emergence field traffic can be beneficial. Traffic patterns or tramlines can be established by closing one or more openings in the drill when planting the crop. This can be done by retrofitting the drill with clutches attached to the metering cup that can close the opening to leave unplanted rows that match the wheel spacing of your sprayer or tractor. Devices for drills can be purchased to establish tramlines on any tractor width in any multiple of drill widths.

Tramlines may also be established

ProAgri Zambia 50

after the crop has emerged by chemically killing the rows that match the wheel spacing of the implement used to apply fertiliser or pesticides with glyphosate (Touchdown).

Precision agriculture tools such as light bars and GPS guidance systems can help reduce the error of overlapping when chemically killing rows to establish tramlines. This method should be applied early, once the wheat has one to two developed leaves. Using tramlines in intensively managed wheat enables uniform application of nutrients and pesticides with improved precision and timeliness. Tramlines can save on the cost of aerial applications, and can reduce the chance of disease development when compared to plants that are crushed by running over standing wheat. Studies have shown that the border plants will compensate 50 to 60% of the yield lost by the missing rows, whereas plant damage has far less impact on yields.

The planting date is another critical consideration of successful wheat production. Planting too early or too late reduces yield potential. Always plant late maturing varieties first, since these varieties most often have the longest vernalisation (the cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted) requirements. Recognise, though, that some medium maturing varieties may also have long vernalisation requirements which make them less suitable for late planting. Vernalisation requirement vary widely with variety. In order for wheat to vernalise, temperatures must be low and remain cold for a specific length of time. In the absence of cold weather, wheat waits until enough heat units have accumulated, and nights are short before heading. The warmer the temperature during grain fill, the poorer the yield and weight.

If wheat is planted late in the season, choose an early maturing variety because they have, in general, very low vernalisation requirements.

Optimum seeding rates for wheat can vary widely due to differences in seed quality, genetics, planting conditions or planting dates, and planting methods (drill or broadcast). Seeding based on seeds per hectare is much more accurate than seeding based on weight per hectare. Multiple seeding rate studies have been conducted throughout the country and most show that seeding of up to 240 plants per square metre (m²), with a seed rate of 110 kg to 120 kg per hectare is desirable. However, this will vary depending on seed size, germination and planting conditions.

Broadcasting requires a higher seed rate of up to 140 kg/ha as does planting under zero tillage. However, achieving this rate will require knowledge of seed size (number of seeds per kg).

The use of certified seed will help to

Syngenta wheat variety characteristics Characteristics

MRI843

MRI875

SST884

Yield potential per ha (MT)

8

9

9.5

Plant height (cm)

100

110

120

Colour

Red

Red

Red

Lodging

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

General quality

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Gluten %

60

63

58

Grain protein %

12,8

11,3

10,6

Dough strength

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

100 kernel mass (g)

37

40

42

Days to maturity

90

100

105

ensure that you are planting seed with a minimum germination of 90% and free of noxious weeds.

Planting bin-run seed is not recommended as it infringes on plant breeders’ rights (PBR). It robs seed companies of the chance to earn revenue on their innovation, and therefore undermine their ability to recoup their research and development investment.

Wheat production is done off the rain season around April/May, therefore it requires irrigation, with water requirement of 400 to 600 mm per season to guarantee a good crop.

Fertiliser application is also critical. Basal of 400 to 500kg/ha and top dressing of around 300 to 400 kg/ha are recommended.

Weeds compete with the crop for water, sunlight and nutrients, and it is critical that they are well managed with herbicides like Syngenta Axial, Dialen Super and Traxos.

You also need to look out for diseases and pests. Syngenta Amistar Extra, Cherokee, and Elastus Arc offer potent fungal control for rust, Septoria and powdery mildew in wheat for excellent yield results.

For growth regulation, Moddus (Trinexapc-ethyl) comes in handy as an anti-lodging agent by improving stem strength and providing an excellent root system.

Common insects such as aphids and bollworm can be controlled with Ampligo.

May you all enjoy a successful wheat season!

Amistar Xtra

Moddus

For more information, contact the author: brian.mhango@syngenta.com, Head of Marketing Southern Africa and Seeds E2E. Axial

ProAgri Zambia 50

19

Bulldock® - A cost effective insecticide with a long residual action and registered on numerous crops. It is an emulsifiable concentrate contact insecticide which controls cutworm, stalkborer, Chilo, American bollworm and Fall Army Worms.

Belt® - An insecticide for Lepidoptera pests. Also an ideal solution for fall army worm, Tuta absoluta and diamond-back moth.

Confidor® - A solution for control of sucking insects and termites. Protects crops from effects of abiotic and biotic stress.

Nativo® - Ideal fungicide for early blight, rust, mildew, leaf spot and Grey leaf spot.

Facebook: Bayer Crop Science Division Southern Africa

Twitter: @bayer4cropssa

Bayer Zambia: Paul Kapapula Territory Manager: Tel: +260 (965) 582630, E-mail: paul.kapapula@bayer.com Distributors: Precision Farming Holdings Amiran Ltd.

20

ProAgri Zambia 50

Science for a better life

Ba y e r o ff e r s t a i l o r e d a n d prof i t able solut ions to f arme rs

B

ayer puts everything behind the research they are conducting to improve the lives of crop farmers. Bayer products - insecticides, fungicides and herbicides have solved many challenges faced by farmers and results in peace of mind. This world renowned company continuously develops new innovative products that are target pest specific, less harmful to beneficial pests, the environment and users.

• • • •

sults in rapid and long lasting nematode control at low application rates Velum has a favourable eco-toxicological profile Low dosage makes it convenient to transport, store and apply Velum results in improved root health and consequently better nutrient uptake Velum results in improved yield and quality giving excellent returns on investment

Auxo • Post-emergent maize herbicide for control of both grasses and broadleaf weeds • Flexible application window • Ideal in crop rotation/multi-cropping systems (no waiting periods) • Rainfast and no additional adjuvants required Nativo • Broad spectrum fungicide registered on cereals, maize, potatoes and vegetables • Systemic and contact modes of action • Unique mesostemic action with favourable environmental profile Fall army worm control on maize.

The s talwar ts available to be pick ed out of Bayer ’ s complete solutions catalogue are:

Confidor • A systemic water dispersible insecticide for the control of termites in maize, aphids, red scale, thrips, leaf miner and psylla on citrus trees, aphids on cotton, potatoes, cucur-

Belt • A foliar insecticide with a new mode of action.

• It controls caterpillars in a wide range of crops such as vegetables, potatoes, tomatoes, maize and tobacco.

• Belt is especially very effective on Tuta absoluta and fall army worm and it has a favourable environmental ecotoxicological profile.

bits, tobacco, cruciferae and roses, woolly aphid on apples, tobacco slug on tobacco, whitefly on tomatoes and mealybug on grapes.

• Has a unique benefit of added crop shield due to the unique structure of its active ingredient Gaucho • A systemic insecticidal seed-dressing product for the control of various pests in maize, sorghum, sunflower and wheat.

• Effective in controlling the maize streak virus vector • Has stress-shield effect Aviator Xpro • A fungicide for cereals specifically designed for an efficient anti-resistance strategy • Excellent control of key cereal diseases boosting yield through high disease control and positive impact on plant physiology Prosaro • A cereal fungicide offering an economic and effective solution for the control of wheat and barley diseases • Systemic action offering protective and curative control Decis Forte • Insecticide for effective control of cutworms in all crops and caterpillars in various crops • Low dosage rates • Fast and effective action with reduced risk to user and environment • Low pre-harvest intervals

Bulldock • An insecticide which is very easy to use and has a long residual action.

• It is an emulsifiable concentrate contact that works in the stomach of the insect to control cutworm, stalkborer, Chilo and American bollworm.

• The active ingredient is Beta-cyfl uthrin (pyrethroid): 50 g/ℓ, and it is registered on numerous crops.

• It is very cost effective due to the low dosage rates and long protection period. (Up to 58 days).

Velum Prime • Environmentally friendly and gives excellent protection against a wide spectrum of nematodes on tobacco and potatoes • It has a novel mode of action that re-

Spodoptera eridania control in tomatoes.

Thunder • Unique dual mode of action, both contact and systematic action • Quick knock down effect • Residual long lasting control • O-TEQ formulation for enhanced plant protection

Cabbage Looper control.

ProAgri Zambia 50

Contact Bayer Zambia at +260964-177-069 or send an e-mail to geoffrey.matutu@bayer.com. You are also invited to visit them at Plot No 10103, Mumbwa Road or their website at www.bayer.com for more information.

21

WHAT TO EXPECT 18500+ attendees

GROWING KNOWLEDGE FOR FUTURE FARMERS

7+ international pavilions

220+ exhibitors

70 000 sqm of exhibition space

50 training workshops

AGRITECH EXPO ZAMBIA IS ONE OF THE LARGEST OUTDOOR FARMING TECHNOLOGY EXHIBITIONS IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION.

2–4

Presented by

Organised by

POSTPONED April 2020

UNTIL FURTHER GART ResearchNOTICE Centre, Agritech Expo 2020 is postponed until further notice due Zambia to concerns Chisamba, regarding the spread of the COVID-19 virus.

Dates might be confirmed at a later stage.

HURRY SPACES LIMITED. CALL OUR TEAM TODAY: Liam Beckett, Sales Director | +27 79 281 7865 | liam@agritech-expo.com Jerome Dyson, Sales Manager | +27 81 586 1005 | jerome@agritech-expo.com

www.agritech-expo.com

26 live crop trials

The final step in successful crop farming:

Harvesting and storage

I

n the previous articles of this series we have covered crop establishment, crop nutrition and crop protection. It’s befitting then to end this four-part series with a look at activities during harvest time. A healthy crop in the field will yield good revenue for the farmer.

But getting the crop off the field and to the market must happen at the optimum harvest time for best returns.

In this article, we shall focus on grain harvest as grains are primary summer crops in the southern Africa region.

Manual harvesting In most of Sub-Saharan Africa, the common harvesting practice for maize by smallholder farmers is by hand.

Maize is left to partly or fully dry on the field. However, farmers should avoid delayed harvesting as it can lead to damage by pests and diseases, or favour the spreading of aflatoxins, especially when it rains whilst the crop is still on the field.

Shelling can be done manually, however smallholder farmers now have increasing access to small shelling machines. It is recommended to shell cobs immediately after drying to reduce pest damage. After shelling and cleaning, the grain is ready to be

Harvesting by hand can be time consuming and labour intensive depending on the size of the field and type of grain that needs to be harvested.

Most commercial farmers use combine harvesters to get their crops off the field and into storage. either sold or stored for later use or sale.

Combine harvester Combines are very versatile machines, with a range of adjustments to enable them to harvest a wide range of crops. They “combine” the previously separate activities of harvesting - cut, thresh, separate, and clean. A combine harvester can harvest a variety of crops, including a wide range of cereals, legumes, and oilseeds such as maize, wheat, barley, rice, soya beans, peas, beans, and sunflowers.

Grain storage The key benefit of crop storage is to have the flexibility to attract a higher price at a later stage. However, there are some risks and costs associated with storage. The biggest threat to stored crop quality is excessive heat and moisture as they create the perfect environment for pests and diseases. Another risk factor is the volatility of markets as prices might drop while in storage.

It’s therefore imperative to select post-harvest storage environments and practices that maximise quality and minimise losses. Some examples of common smallholder grain storage

facilities include traditional granaries, plastic drums, metal, wooden or mud silos, and hermetic bags.

In conclusion, it is perhaps the persisting threat of food security that makes the risk and cost of storage worthwhile. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates that post-harvest losses for all crops amount to about 37% in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these are due to unnecessary losses along the crop production and storage chain.

Grain can be stored in silos like these until the market price is higher.

For further information, please contact Benard Ngwene at Benard.Ngwene@agcocorp.com.

AGCO Future Farm in Lusaka, Zambia provides smart solutions for farmers, giving them access to tools that will allow them to use fewer resources more efficiently and creating a more sustainable food production system.

TRAINING INCLUDES: Agronomy Crop establishment Harvesting Crop storage Crop nutrition Farm business management Crop protection

Mechanisation Tractor fundamentals Tractor driving introduction Tractor maintenance & basic operation

For more information on training solutions offered at the AGCO Future Farm, please contact: Kalongo Chitengi | +260 979701936 | info_agcofuturefarm@agcocorp.com ProAgri Zambia 50

23

Choose your wheat variety wisely!

by SeedCo Commercial Agronomy

A

s we head towards the summer crops harvest and winter wheat planting, farmers are being faced with choices on the best varieties to plant.

One does not have to look far – SeedCo Zambia has been the market leader in this regard for a long time, with many years of experience in the wheat breeding business. And the Zambianbred variety, SC Shungu, has proven itself in the past few years to be the variety of choice in the wheat sector.

There is a number of reasons, of which high yields and good disease tolerance make it stand out.

SC Shungu is a medium maturity variety, with many excellent characteristics. The plant grows vigorously and tillers very well, and should be treated with a growth regulator at first node emergence to avoid lodging. The variety is not as lush as the old faithful Nduna, but do not be fooled, it still requires similar management practices for even better results in most cases at one irrigation cycle less than the SC Nduna.

SC Shungu has an upright flag-leaf, which ensures maximum photosynthetic productivity. This in turn produces the high yields that this variety is known for. The majority of farmers will yield over 8 tonnes per hectare with SC Shungu, and the best farmers in the country will obtain yields of over 10 tonnes, and even up to 12 tonnes per hectare have been obtained by farmers on this variety.

Added to this high yield, the variety 24

has good characteristics for baking, which includes falling numbers not less than 320, protein content around 14,5 to 15%, and a gluten percentage around 34%. These qualities make a well-managed SC Shungu crop a winner for farmers and millers alike.

In Zambia, we have experienced serious disease pressure over the past few wheat seasons, and it is important for farmers to take cognizance of the ability of a variety to withstand disease. SC Shungu has stood out above all other varieties in its tolerance to BLS (bacterial leaf streak), as well as to rust. When other varieties in the country were failing with BLS pressure, SC Shungu was unaffected, and produced its customary high yields. In addition, SC Shungu has good tolerance to Septoria.

Alternaria triticini is becoming more and more of a problem in Zambia, and SC Shungu has shown medium tolerance to this disease. Like most diseases, Alternaria triticini overwinters on the trash, and in cases of serious infection, it will affect the grain. Recycling or retention of such grain for seed the following season is one of the major reasons the disease has been exacerbated.

Internationally, wheat fungal diseases tend to form “disease complexes”, which sometimes makes the positive identification of diseases difficult.

Alternaria triticini complexes with Tan Spot (pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and sometimes also with Septoria, which

can cause misdiagnosis. Fortunately, Seed-Co Zambia has a highly useful Agronomy Department that can help farmers to identify diseases. The Agronomy Department is backed in turn by the Pathology Department, where lab analysis can be undertaken on the various diseases that are encountered. This back-up helps the farmer to take confident steps to treat the diseases accurately.

All SeedCo wheat seed is subjected to the Seed Control and Certification Institute’s (SCCI) production and commercialisation regulations. It is tested to ensure that it attains the highest standards before marketing. With the advent of new and notorious diseases on wheat, SeedCo further includes pathology lab tests to ensure that whatever disease may have escaped the seed inspector’s eye is caught at the pathology tall gate and the seed lot that is found wanting disqualified.

SeedCo’s affiliation to SCCI and ISTA – the International Seed Testing Association is aimed at guaranteeing the farmer the highest possible quality grade seed because at SeedCo, we believe that Great yields starts with the right seed!

For more details, contact a SeedCo Agronomist near you or call +26(0)211-426 400.

You can also find us on www.seedcogroup.com/zm

ProAgri Zambia 50

New from SeedCo:

Another early maturing, climate smart and double cobbing maize hybrid by SeedCo Agronomy

A

t the wise age of 80 years, product leadership continues to be SeedCo’s pride, as the company added another climate smart, early to mature and double cobbing hybrid maize variety, SC 419, to its product range.

In a mission to establish food security in Africa and beyond, the SeedCo breeding pipeline continues to gush out mind blowing seed solutions in a world that is getting dryer, with unpredictable rainfall patterns. SC 419 goes to market in Zambia this season as a solution for green mealies, grain for maize meal and livestock feed blends.

SC 419 is ‘The Right Seed’ for your maize production, whether your needs are maize-wheat rotation, small-scale production for green maize on the cob, or large-scale dryland grain production. The variety has outstanding characteristics that speak to the satisfaction of these needs.

Just look: 1. SC 419 offers outstanding high yielding potential, with averages of 9,5 tonnes per hectare (190 x 50 kg bags). This yield is recorded with standard management practices. This variety shows the ability to break beyond the limits of the 4 and 500 series because of its elasticity and stay-green characteristics. To add perspective to the figures, a harvest from one hectare (22 to 25 kg seed planted) of this variety can feed up to 20 families of 6 people for 12 months.

It has a good high shell-out percentage of 80 to 92%. SC 419 is also a double cobber, a trait that can give you a minimum of 50% increase on revenue when grown for green mealies.

2. It matures quickly – 120 to 125 days – with an amazing elasticity

Adrian Chibanga, Chief Agronomist at SeedCo Zambia with a SC 419 cob. in high rainfall areas. This positions this variety as a solution for marginal areas as well as a variety to plant across the country when rains are late to start, or as a later planted crop when the farmer has big fields that take weeks to plant.

Its early to mature trait also positions it as a low input green mealie option because of the short period of irrigation. A short period in the field also means quicker on the market and reduced exposure to malevolent environmental factors.

3. It is a white semi-flint grain variety that speaks both to Zambia’s appetite for white grain and to the need for good milling qualities. The post-harvest storability is excellent and includes a good coat that resists weevil damage and shows good tolerance against aflatoxins.

4. SC 419 shows very good tolerance against leaf and cob rot diseases.

SeedCo, the home of bumper harvests!

SeedCo demonstration plots.

ProAgri Zambia 50

SeedCo invites farmers to come and see the performance of the variety in the over 1 000 live crop demonstration plots across the country, during their 2020 field days that run from February to April. Contact a SeedCo Agronomist near you for details or call +26(0)211 426 400.

25

26

ProAgri Zambia 50

Why are potassium and calcium so important for vegetables?

What fer tilisers should I apply ?

I

n our previous article, “Do your crops lack potash?”, (ProAgri Zambia No 46, page 14) we discussed the critical importance of balanced fertilisation in crop production. In this article, we focus on vegetables, as these are particularly vulnerable to farming techniques and the environment. To achieve high output, growers should apply correct fertilisation, plant spacing, weeding, molding, pollination and pruning.

Thorough management becomes especially important under suboptimal weather conditions. Excess rainfall can lead to significant yield losses due to ponding, nutrient leaching and the spreading of diseases. For example, correct hilling K-deficient of potatoes is a good agronomical tomatoes are measure against waterlogging. not uniform Another practice that proved to be efficient, is establishing good canopy closure to suppress weeds and decrease their influence on crops.

Fertilisation programmes should also be well established with reference to the type of crop, the growth stage and environmental conditions.

A sufficient supply of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) builds up a strong immune system, sharply reduces the risk of physiological disorders, significantly extends shelf life of fruits, and improves their marketable appearance.

Lack of K is reflected in club-shaped cucumbers and non-uniform appearCa deficiencies may result in ance of tomato fruits. Ca deficiencies blossom-end rot of tomato fruits may result in center or stem-end constrictions and fruit curling in cucumbers and blossom-end rot of tomato fruits.

There are three primary sources of K in the form of mineral fertilisers: (i) potassium nitrate (NOP), which contains 46,2% K2O and 13,7% nitrogen; (ii) potassium sulphate (SOP) – 50% K2O and 45% sulphur; (iii) potassium chloride (MOP) – 60% K2O. United Fertilizers Company Ltd (UFCL) also provides compound NPK 10:20:20+6S and NPK 10:26:26+2S as high-concentrated sources of P and Cucumbers curling due to K. insufficient supply of Ca The decision which fertiliser to use should be made according to the fertilisation programme based on the More information about field chemical analysis of the soil and the tests will be discussed in followneeds of specific types of crops. NOP up issues and on our website at is irreplaceable for crops under glass www.ufertilizers.com. and soilless growing systems, as it is ProAgri Zambia 50

characterised by a low salt index. MOP is the most concentrated source among K fertilisers, and its use is the most economically efficient due to its low cost. However, MOP should be avoided when soil chloride levels are high.

There are no alternatives for Ca in high output production systems. Calcium nitrate is the only source of fully water soluble and readily available Ca for crops.

UFCL supplies concentrated calcium nitrate, produced

by Uralchem under the SOLAR brand. This product does not contain ballast substances (like water or ammonium nitrate) and contains 98% of calcium nitrate against 68% and 78% in tetrahydrate and dihydrate analogues, respectively.

As Ca is hardly redistributable between different plant organs and potassium demand steadily increases along entire vegetation period, your fertilisation planning should include these elements and peak towards fruit formation. For instance, NPK 10:20:20+6S or NPK 10:26:26+2S could be supplied shortly before planting or at the beginning of root formation stage (make sure to put fertiliser to one side of the seedling in order not to burn it). Then, depending on conditions mentioned above, the grower should split applications of nitrogen fertiliser, potassium (NOP, SOP or MOP) and SOLAR calcium nitrate.

Lack of K is reflected in club-shaped cucumbers.

27

Animal Health 

Antibiotics



Vaccines



Parasite Remedies



Milk Replacers



Dips



Silage Inoculants



Wound Treatments



Mineral Suppliments



Health Programs



Mineral Premixes for Farm Animals, Game and Horses

Veterinery Services

28

Animal Feed

Reproduction



Deworming



Artiicial Insemination



Vaccinations



Breed Selection



Training



Synchronization



Dehorning



Breeding Programs



Surgery



Pregnancy Diagnosis

ProAgri Zambia 50

Pasture Development Brazilian pasture seed for all

Animal Handling Equipment

animal types



Neck Clamps

Various other pasture varieties,



Spray Races

local & imported

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

Legumes

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Technical support & training

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Mechanisation 

Farming Equipment - disks,

Energy Solutions 

rollers, planters and more

Petrol & Diesel Generators (all sizes)



Tractors 60 - 120 HP



Solar Panels & various inverters

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Servicing

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29

Fertigate for soil health and profit Part 8: Examples for the calculation of injection rates Frikkie Koegelenberg Pr Eng and Gert Conradie Pr Eng

T

he manner in which the injection rate is calculated is drastically influenced by the type of irrigation system used.

With static systems such as micro and sprinkler irrigation systems, the injection rate is fixed, and the quantity of fertiliser required is calculated and applied according to time. The quantity dissolved in the tank is therefore the quantity applied on a specific area. If different sizes of blocks are treated with the same injection equipment, the fertiliser must be applied proportionally by an injection pump.

With moving systems such as pivots and water cannons, the application varies and fertiliser can only be applied proportionally. With the proportional method, the injection rate is very important, because it determines the quantity of fertiliser applied to a specific area.

When calibrating the injection pump, the speed of the system and the area on which the fertiliser mixture is applied, must be thoroughly considered.

Legend of equasion variables: IT = Injection rate of the fertiliser mixture (ℓ/min) Q = Fertiliser needed/A (kg) Qk = Amount of fertiliser to be injected per area (kg/ha) A = Area to be fertilised K = Required injection concentration of the solution (kg/ℓ) T = Injection duration (min) W = Water required for solution

30

Static systems Example 1 (Wilson, 1996) A permanent sprinkler system with a sprinkler spacing of 18 × 12 m, and sprinkler delivery rate of 1 750 ℓ/h (Dr) must be used to apply 50 kg/ha of nitrogen in the form of water-soluble calcium nitrate in a fruit orchard. The sandy loam soil’s easily available soil water capacity is 150 mm/m. The nitrogen must be applied to a depth of 300 mm.

The effective root depth is 1,0 m. Twenty sprinklers (S) irrigate simultaneously and the standing time is 12 hours.

Answer (A) Area irrigated per setup 20 sprinklers × 18 × 12 m = 0,43 ha (Qk) Quantity of fertiliser applied Calcium nitrate has the following properties, according to fertiliser experts: - 15,5% N (c) - solubility = 120 g N/100 g H2O by 20°C = 1,2 kg/ℓ (K)

(Q) Total quantity of fertiliser required per setup

Q = Qk x A Q = 323 (kg/ha) × 0,43 (ha) Q = 139 kg

With a solubility of 1,2 kg/ℓ, the minimum quantity of water required will be:

W=

Q K

=

139 (kg) 1,2 (kg/ℓ)

W = 115 ℓ

A tank with a capacity of at least 125 litres, to provide for the increase in volume as a result of the mixing process, is required.

To apply 50 kg/ha nitrogen (g), the following quantity of calcium nitrate is required:

Qk =

g (kg/ha) c (%)

=

50 (kg/ha) 15,5 (%)

Qk = 323 kg calcium nitrate/ha

ProAgri Zambia 50

(IT) Time required for fertiliser injection For a sprinkler system, it is recommended that at least 60 minutes injection time (T) is used to ensure that the fertiliser is applied as uniformly as possible.

Injection rate

IT =

Qk×A

=

K×T

323 × 0,43 1,2 × 60

IT = 1,92 ℓ/min

Concentration of the solution A concentration of < 1% is usually required. The calculated value below therefore complies with the guideline.

K =

IT × T S × Dr

=

1,92 × 60 20 × 1 750

K = 0,0033 ≈ 0,3%

Depth of infiltration in the soil

Gross applica- = tion rate (Gr) = =

Dr Sprinkler spacing 1 750 18 × 12

The application of calcium nitrate must begin after 6,45 hours of irrigation standing time has elapsed and must be applied for 1 hour. The irrigation continues after this for 5,55 hours, which means that the fertiliser has penetrated to a depth of 300 mm into the soil.

Example 2 (Wilson, 1996) A drip irrigation system is used to irrigate a strawberry field. A liquid fertiliser solution (nitrogen and phosphates) must be used. The spacing of the strawberries is 1,2 × 0,3 m. The length of the rows is 90 m (300 plants per row). The discharge of the drippers is 2 ℓ/h and the dripper spacing is 0,6 m.

Each irrigation block consists of 25 rows.

Standing time per block is 1 hour. The producer wishes to apply 1 g of nitrogen and 1,5 g phosphate per plant in five equal parts, weekly. Ammonia polyphosphate is recommended by his fertiliser advisor as a liquid fertiliser solution.

Answer Number of plants per block = 25 rows × 300 plants per row = 7 500 plants Amount of fertiliser to be applied with each application According to the fertiliser advisor, ammonia polyphosphate has the following properties: • 10% N • 15% P • density = 1,37 kg/ℓ Amount of the type of fertiliser required:

8,1 mm/h

plication, and secondly, sufficient flushing time will be available after application.

11 litres

IT = =

20 minutes 33 ℓ/h

The maximum concentration of the fertiliser mixture must preferably not exceed 1%.

Flow rate (Dr) per block = 90 m rows 0,6 m spacing

× 2 ℓ/h x 25 rows

Dr = 7,5 m3/h

The concentration of the fertiliser mixture in the system is:

K =

IT (ℓ/h) Dr (ℓ/h)

=

33 7 500

K = 0,00044 = 0,44% < 1%

The injection rate is therefore acceptable because it is smaller than 1%.

Quantity per plant × number of plants Number of applications × density of solution × % of fertiliser in mixture

Total Standing applica- = Gr × time tion rate (Tr) = 8,1 mm/h × 12 h = 97,2 mm

Depth of infiltration =

Tr × 1 000 150

= 648 mm

The required depth to apply nitrogen, is 300 mm.

Time required for nitrogen to penetrate to 300 mm: 300/648 × 12 = 5,55 hours

Nitrogen required =

1 × 7 500 5 × 1 370 × 0,1

= 10,95 ℓ

Phosphates required =

1,5 × 7 500 5 × 1 370 × 0,15

= 10,95 ℓ

Approximately 11 litres of the fertiliser solution are required.

Injection rate The fertiliser must preferably be applied for a 20 minute period, 30 minutes after the irrigation has begun. This will ensure that the system is at pressure before ap-

ProAgri Zambia 50

We thank the ARC Agricultural Engineering in South Africa who made the information on fertigation available to the readers of ProAgri Zambia. Next month we shall discuss the application of fertilisers of moving systems.

Visit www.arc.agric.za for more information.

31

Turn your crops into condiments and seasonings Part 4 Peach chutney

by Theresa Siebert

Peaches. Photo: Pixabay.com.

C

hutney is a sweet, tangy condiment that is served with curries, hot and cold meats and savouries. Peach chutney may be prepared from both green and ripe peaches, along with other fruit/ vegetables (for example onions, green peppers), sugar, vinegar and various spices and thickening agents. It is packaged in glass bottles and has a shelf life of several months at cool temperatures.

Formulation of peach chutney: The formulation of peach chutney can vary according to taste. The following is only a suggestion of the basic ingredients that can be used: 250 parts vinegar 500 - 750 parts chopped peaches 50 parts chopped onion 30 - 50 parts chopped green peppers 50 - 70 parts sugar 2,5 parts coriander 3 parts corn flour 2 parts salt 1 part turmeric 3 parts curry powder Peach chutney. Photo: rikishore.com.

32

ProAgri Zambia 50

Preparation of ingredients for peach chutney The peaches and other fruit/vegetables should be washed, free from pips and blemishes prior to being chopped by stainless steel knives, hand-driven apparatus or power-driven food choppers. The size of the fruit pieces will have a great effect on the consistency of the end product. The fruit and all other ingredients are weighed or measured

and placed in large boiling kettles. The purpose of boiling is to remove excess moisture, soften the fruit texture, develop flavour and cause destruction of moulds and yeast.

Cooking of peach chutney The spices are added to the vinegar in a large saucepan or batch cooker and allowed to boil for 10 to 15 minutes.

The remaining ingredients are added and slowly heated until all the sugar has dissolved. The heat is turned up to bring the mixture to boil and then left to simmer (uncovered) until the mixture starts to thicken (time varies from 40 to 200 minutes). Occasional stirring is required to prevent pieces from settling on the bottom and burning.

Filling and sealing of jars with peach chutney Chutney is filled into suitable containers at a temperature of 85 to 95 °C. This requires the boiling chutney to be slightly cooled in horizontally stirred mixers fitted with water jackets prior to filling.

Suitable containers are common glass jars with lacquered metal screw-on tops.

Glass jars used for the preservation of food should be of high quality, without any cracks or chips, and should form tight seals. The bottles require proper cleaning and heating prior to filling to avoid cracking of the bottles (thermal shock) due to the high temperature of the chutney.

Rotary fillers or multiple-piston displacement machines capable of filling between 100 and 600 jars per minute are used in large-scale operations. The jars are sealed immediately after filling using a steam-flow machine to ensure air exhaustion and the formation of a vacuum in the cooled, sealed product.

LITERATURE SOURCES 1. Arthley, D. & Ashurts, P.R. (Ed) 1996. Fruit Processing: London: Blackie Academic & Professional.

2. Fellows, P. 1988. Food Processing Technology - Principles and Practice. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, Ltd. 3. Potter, N.N. & Hotchkiss, J.H. 1995: Food Science, 5th ed.: New York: Chapman & Hall.

4. Raiken, M.D.; Kill, R.C. & Baker, C. (Ed). 1998. Food Industries Manual, 24th ed.: New York: Chapman & Hall.

Cooling and drying of peach chutney containers The product is cooled with water to approximately 40 °C to prevent excessive softening of the fruit and spoiling of the consistency of the product. This is done by either immersing the bottles in cold water or by passing the bottles through misting tunnels. In both cases, care must be taken not to give glass bottles a thermal shock by using too cold water, as this would result in cracking of the bottles. Counter-current water systems ensure that lukewarm water is used first, followed by progressively colder water.

The bottles are allowed to dry naturally or blow-dried prior to labelling.

5. Salunke, D K, Bolin, H R & Reddy, N R. 1991: Storage, Processing, and Nutritional Quality of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd ed.

Volume II, Processed Fruits and Vegetables: Boca Raton: CRC Press

Labelling of fruit preserves The containers are labelled and coded so that the product contains all the necessary information. Products must be correctly labelled according to the requirements set out in your country's regulations.

8. South African - Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectant Act (no 54 of 1972) and regulations.

Johannesburg: Lex Patria

Filled glass jars. Photo: theforgottenteaspoon.files.wordpress.com.

ProAgri Zambia 50

6. Somogyi, L P, Ramaswamy, H S & Hui, Y H. 1996. Processing fruits - Science and Technology, Vol. 1 & 2: Lancaster: Technomic Publishing Co 7. South Africa - Agricultural Products Standards Act (No 119 of 1990) and regulations. Pretoria: Government Printers

9. Woodroof, J.G. & Luh, B.S. 1986. Commercial fruit processing, 2nd ed.: Connecticut: AVI Publishing co.

33

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ProAgri Zambia 50

[GLOUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM 200G/L SL] IS THE NONSELECTIVE POST- EMERGENCE HERBICIDE WHICHADVANTAGES: G.L.P. nourishes the layers feed and CONTROLS PERENNIAL, BIENNIAL, ANNUAL GRASSES AND GLP make it more nutritious. In order to COMPOSITION: BROADLEAF WEEDS IN ALL CROPS WITH NO RESIDUAL Vitamins, minerals, Amino acid, Choline get benefits from the use of GLP Chloride and Anti-oxidant. the following should be taken into EFFECT IN THE SOIL. consideration.

Indications: • To increase egg production and egg size • Prevent and control pecking (canibalism) • Helps to strenghten the egg shell.

• The chicken must be healthy and

1. Weed- killing through leaves first instead of by roots first like free from diseases.

• The chicken must be free from glyphosate.

WEEDKING is a broad-spectrum, inner Target Species: worms and regularly dewormed.

2.Commercial Weed layers killing by contact. absorption, conducting herbicide • They must be freeand from flees and 3.Dosage: Effect in three days. Glyphoste needs 7-10 days mites. is widely used for controlling weeds in kg per 50 kg of feed for seven days.

4.10,5Application in all crops, including vegetables and fruits. • Feeding and drinking space must kg per 50 kg maintainance dose. be enough. fruit fields 5. Good effect in some difficultmaize, weeds wheat, killing bean, rice and • Chickens must be given enough PACK SIZE: 6. Transplanting in 1-4 days. Glyphosate needs 20-30 daysfeed according to their number 1 kg

in the ........

Dosage: For the seven days: Use 1 kg of GLP per 50 kg of complete feed After the first seven days: Use GLP daily at the rate of 0,5 kg per 50 kg of complete feed

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RAPID DUAL ANTIBIOTIC TESTS FOR MILK NEW UPGRADE, NEW PACKAGING, FASTER RESULTS...SAVE COSTS & TIME

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AgriServe Agro introduces:

Multimilk, a complete milk replacer for calves O

ut of the dairy industry in the Czech Republic comes one of their stalwart traditional products. Multimilk VVS Start is the perfect replacement colostrum for effective calf breeding.

The reasons are obvious: The high-protein bioavailability is secured by a high content of milk components based on animal protein like Vitamin A, D3, E and C. On the other hand, it is GMO-free and has a very low fibre content. It has an excellent solubility with minimum sedimentation and a high quality of whey powder which originates from cheese production.

This advanced milk replacer contains Emulsizym® - a unique system of bioactive peptides and medium chain fatty acids which increase fat and protein digestibility and has an antimicrobial effect in the gastrointestinal tract. The probiotic culture contains a unique combination of three bacteria strains namely Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium.

Multimilk strongly supports the calf's immune system and ensures a significant reduction of diarrhoea.

Figure 1: Step by step feeding instructions.

Recommended feeding instructions for Multimilk are: Dilute the calf milk replacer powder with drinking water in the ratio, 145 g up to 180 g, to 1 litre of water (1:8).

Heat up two thirds of the necessary quantity of water to a temperature of 50 to 55 °C, and pour it into a sterile container. While mixing continuously, add the powder to the water. The rest of the water should be at room temperature to achieve the final temperature of 39 °C, which is required during feeding time.

1st day: 4 litres of colostrum within 4 hours after birth.

More than 2,5 litres of colostrum during the second feeding time within 12 hours.

Age

Litres/feeding

Number of feeding/day

Standard rearing

Intensive rearing

Standard rearing

Intensive rearing

Day 2-7

2

3

2

2

2 Weeks

2,5

4

2

2

3 Weeks

3

4

2

2

4 Weeks

3

4

2

2

5 Weeks

3

4

2

2

6 Weeks

3

4

2

2

7 Weeks

2,5

3

2

2

8 Weeks

2

3

2

2

9 Weeks

1

2

2

2

10 Weeks

-

1

-

2

Table 1: Multimilk requirements at different growth stages.

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ProAgri Zambia 50

All types of hybrid maize seed | Agricultural chemicals | Horticulture chemicals | Veterinary products Agricultural tools | Hand tools | Protective equipment | Fumigation | All types of seed

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Address Plot 51, Chiparamba Road, Lusaka, Zambia

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ProAgri Zambia 50

LONGER

thre t ap before slae (3) months old. ply to animals you Remove e n ughtering ar-tags ger .

PRESENT SOU contains ATION: Box contain 20 ear ta in g 5 bags. Eac gs ag Brown ear �hckb(Rhipicephalus appendi

Controls DURATION: Less rounbrown ear �cks an er treatment with Caravanas ear ta ® d-ups for d horn fly External paraciticidea� and insecticide treatmCARAVANAS for up to vs nontreated control group e n t 1 .

2 0 External paraciticide and insecticide for the prevention d for the prevention and control of a ys.

EASY APP and control of external parasites on Cattle L IC external parasites on cattle A T Only one ION. NE Registra� Registra�on on number: number: G4267 G4267 equipme ear-tag per anima W FLEXIBLE CL nt. and insecticide l. It dofor IP External paraciticide es nthe ot reprevention MORE SECURITY: q u ir e special YOUR and N control ear-tags are made of on Cattle O MEAof externalTheparasites One tag covers Weather

®

CARAVANAS Registra�on number: G4267

COMPOSITION: Diazinon 40%, every 100g of ear tags contains: Diazinon...........................40g Formula�on Agents.........e.q

INDICATIONS: External paraci�cide for the preven�on, treatment and control of infesta�ons caused by external parasites such as Rhipicephalis appendiculatus (Brown ear �ck) Haematobia irritans (Horn fly) and on ca�le.

NATURAL AND SAFE RANGE

PRECAUTIONS: Do not apply to animals younger than three (3) months old. Remove ear-tags before slaughtering.

T OR MIL Kills Brown Ear K RESTRIC ticks and Horn T IO MORE EC N COMPOSITION: Diazinon every COMPOSITION: Diazinon 40%, every 100g 100g of of ear ear flSies40%, on contact tags ONOMIC tags contains: contains: AL, MOR Diazinon...........................40g Diazinon...........................40g on E Formula� Formula� on Agents.........e.q Agents.........e.q EFFIC IE NCcideY for INDICATIONS: INDICATIONS: External External paraci� paraci�cide for the the PRESENTATION: Box containing 5 bags. Each bag contains 20 ear tags

polymers that allow the LONGER DURATION: active principles toearbe Controls brown �cks and horn fly for up to 120 days. round-ups for treatment. released Less consistently

Within 24 hrs:

EASY APPLICATION. NEW FLEXIBLE CLIP

Covers the entire animal’s body

Only one ear-tag per animal. It does not require special equipment.

NO MEAT OR MILK RESTRICTIONS

the animal’s entire body within 24 hours

conditions has no effect on its efficiency

MORE ECONOMICAL, MORE EFFICIENCY

4 MONTHS OF EFFICIENCY

preven� preven�on, on, treatment treatment and and control control of of infesta� infesta�ons ons caused caused by by external external parasites parasites such such as as Rhipicephalis Rhipicephalis appendiculatus (Brown ear � ck) Haematobia appendiculatus (Brown ear � ck) Haematobia BROWN WEIGHT HORN MILK irritans (Horn y) ca� LOSSES irritansEAR (Horn flflFLY y) and and on on ca�le. le.

GAIN TICKS

Zero withdrawal period

with one ear-tag per animal

RESULTS

ECONOMIC

Bedgen 40® Premix Reg. No.: V17380

PRODUCTION

PRECAUTIONS: PRECAUTIONS: Do Do not not apply apply to to animals animals younger younger www.bupoanimalhealth.com

Hepatomodulator and hepatoprotector for the prevention and treatment of KILLS the than three (3) old. than three (3) months months old. Remove Remove ear-tags ear-tags Fatty liver syndrome, mycotoxicosis and any form of intoxications.

Brown ear Controls Brown Easy application



before slaughtering. before slaughtering. ticks and

WEATHER CONDITIONS DO NOT AFFECT ITS EFFICIENCY

Prevention and control of Necrotic Enteritis.



Ear ticks and

without the

up to 120 days

equipment

Horn flies PRESENTATION: Box 55 bags.

Each bag PRESENTATION: Box containing containing bags.

Eachfor bagspecial by contact horn fltags ies for need contains contains 20 20 ear ear tags

Ropagut NE® Reg. No.: V28415

LONGER DURATION: SOUTH AFRICAN EFFICACY STUDIES

More economical and more efficient - Only one ear tag needed per animal

ControlsBupocox brownPear �cks and horn fly for up to 120 days.

Premix Less round-ups for treatment.

Reg. No.: V28270

ROper Only one ear-tag animal. It does not require special W N CONTACT AGRI-CM INVESTMENTS equipment.

Gustor BP70 ®

TICKS

NO OF FLIES

EAR HORN NO MEAT OR MILK RESTRICTIONS Reg. No.: V23867

FLY

LTD

MILK

955 927 331 E-mail: sales@agri-cm.com NO MEAT OR MILK RESTRICTIONS +260 977 312 259 info@agri-cm.com PRODUC TION MORE BB4L ECONOMICAL, MORE EFFICIENCY Tel: +260 211 232 072 agri-cm@outlook.com -M 

Cell: +260 Gut health modulator. ®

Reg. No.: V29072 

Bupo Anim

Mail: P.O Box 33579, Lusaka, Zambia Address: Cooperative House, Plot No. 692, WEIG HT ECONO Chachacha Road, Lusaka, Zambia M

Bupo booster for layers under severe mycotoxin challenges.

RESULTS

The Caravanas ear tag treatment was at least 90% effec� ve from ® Day 3 up to Day 98 against the brown ear �ckBupotox in the treated le� Reg. No.: V26438 ear (Group 1)

RESULTS

The ear tag treatment was a NoCaravanas meat Day up to Day 98 against the brown e or3milk ear (Group 2.) restrictions

PROVEN EFFECTIVE TR

®

Less round-ups Brown ear �ck (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) count for treatment.

Horn Fly (Haematobia irritans) count a�er treatment  Coccidiosis preventionwith andCaravanas control. ear tag (Diazinon 40%) vs non- treated a�er treatment with Caravanas ear tag (Diazinon 40%) vs non- treated control group control group

EASY APPLICATION. NEW FLEXIBLE CLIP B

The Caravanas ear tag treatment was a Day 3 up to Day 98 against the brown e ear (Group 1)

GAIN

LOSSEIC S

+27 12 803 pharma@bu Willows Bus Cnr Axle & B Silverton, P

Follow us

@BupoAH

www.bupRooted in Quality oanimalh ealth.com

The Caravanas ear tag treatment was at least 90% effec�ve from Day 1 up to Day 126 against the horn fly in the treated group.

absorbing agent with sorbent spectrum for Aflatoxin B1, M1 and T-2 The Caravanas ear tag treatment was at least90%Mycotoxin effec�ve from toxin.

Day 3 up to Day 98 against the brown ear �ck in the treated right ear (Group 2.)

Bupotox Plus® Reg. No.: V26499

Fert Seed & Grain Ltd

 Broad spectrum mycotoxin eliminator feed TICK additive.

PROVEN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT AGAINST BROWN EAR AND HORN FLY

BROWN

ECONOMIC WEIGHTto our inputs, ECONOMIC Bupo Animal Health HORN Being aBROWN full time farmer is not easy. We pay close attention MILK +27 12 803 4376 LOSSES Available from a Distributor near you PRODUCTION pharma@bupoah.co.za PRODUCTION GAIN because we Willows Business Parkknow that the quality of your inputs, like seed, chemicals and Cnr Axle & TICKS Battery Street Silverton, Pretoria fertiliser, determines the size of your bumper harvest. Ask any Superfert good farmer they’ll tell you The Formula for Success. @BupoAH @BupoAHand @BupoAnimalHealth

EAR

FLY

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We sell Kymco’s SIDE x SIDE ATV’s including: UXV450 & UXV700

We sell an extensive range of Yamaha power products including engines, generators, pumps and lawnmowers

We sell the full range of Yamaha Marine motors including: F25, F40, F60, F70, F100, F115, F130, F150, F200 and more

+260 973 584 778 / +260 964 584 778 / info@bestofbikes.com www.bestofbikes.com

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Zambian Pig Genetics is the distributor of Topigs Norsvin genetics in central Africa. Built on our global research, innovation and absolute commitment to integrity and biosecurity, our close partnership approach means your farm benefits directly from our experience, energy and passion.

TN Natural Service boar • Tough robust boar for any farm

TN Tempo boar (AI only) • Natural resistance to Circovirus • High born alive • Strong uniform pigs • Excellent growth & feed conversion • Good temperament

TN 60 sow • Excellent mothering characteristics • Large uniformed litters • Performs well in challenging environments • Great temperament

THE TRUSTED COMPANY THAT'S A BREED APART.

The only SPF pig herd in Zambia, which means we supply pigs that are free of diseases such as mycoplasma and APP.

GENETICS | TECHNOLOGY | SERVICE +260 762 589 884 | +260 972 788 521 | sales@zpgzambia.com

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www.topigsnorsvin.co.za

ProAgri Zambia 50

FARMERS’ MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT & IMPLEMENTS BARGAINS CORNER

LOTS OF FARMING EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY , FARM VEHICLES ETC FOR SALE

EVERY SATURDAY @ 10:30HRS

• • • • •• •• • • • • • • •• • • • •• • • ••• • • • •• • • • •• • • ••• • • • •• • • •• • •• • • • •• • • ••• • • • • • • • • •• ••••••••••••• • • • • • • • •• • • • •• • • • •• • • ••• • • • • • • • • •• • •• •• •• •• • •• • • •• • • • • •• • • • •• • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • WHATSAPP OR CALL: 0950 620850/1/2/4, 0973 590840, 0969 080207

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NEW BEGINNINGS, START YOUR NEXT CHAPTER WITH US OPENING IN MKUSHI

SOON

• Property Management • Property Rentals • Property Buying • Property Selling Agency Unit 114,Foxdale Court - Phase 2. Plot 609, P.O Box 32232 Lusaka - Zambia (C) 260 977 230 228 (O) 260 211 295 740 (E) lusungu.kayela@seeff.com

Unit 1 & 2, Park 793, Lyness House, Freedom Avenue, Kitwe - Zambia (C) 260 979 459 259 (O) 260 954 848 900 (E) mwila.mulundika@seeff.com

One machine countless materials.

Best forage quality through bale silage: Increase milk & meat yield

Baler-Wrapper Combination

• Hemp Silage

LT-Master & VARIO-Master • Corn Silage • Variable Bale Sizes (Diameter: 0,6 m - 1,4 m) • ...

• Maximum Bale Density • Many different Materials: Hemp ∙ Corn Silage CCM ∙ Alfalfa ∙ Grass

www.goeweil.com

Sugar Beet Pulp ∙ TMR (Total Mixed Ration) ∙ Whole Crop Silage ∙ And much more

Your Contact: Pierre Payré | E-Mail: pierre.payre@goeweil.com | Tel.: +43 7215 2131 46 50

ProAgri Zambia 50

Mk u s h i w h e a t farme r s " s licing" through re s idue s

Implements This impressive wheat drill is designed specifically for the high-volumes of maize residue left on the land, that Mkushi farmers need to cut through every year.

PROOF AGAINST BLOCKAGES

This seed drill was designed with an extra, ribbed cutting coulter to slice, grab and cut through very thick maize residue. This prevents the raking of trash and blockages on the opening discs, especially on land with a softer top layer of soil where an angled blade finds it difficult to keep the pace. The V-blade openers and seed boot follow the cutting coulters only after the clean sweep, giving the farmer excellent depth control & seed-to-soil contact.

CUTS THROUGH THICK STUBBLE

Piket implements has served South African wheat farmers for more than 80 years. We now offer spare parts and a workshop in Mkushi with an after-sales team ready to help you calibrate your planter on your own farm in no time. Piket offers both hydraulic and spring/adjustable compression spring options on this seed drill.

ACCURATE SEED PLACEMENT

Pricing options for the No-till, compression spring planter, perfect for the Mkushi environment:

No-till Drill Compression spring

Plant width

Lusaka pricing

16-Row, 7" Double Disc

2,85 m

$ 35 120

20-Row, 7" Double Disc

3,56 m

$ 39 960

24-Row, 7" Double Disc

4,27 m

$ 45 200

EXCELLENT GERMINATION LOW MAINTENANCE

ROBUST & STRONG QUICK & EASY CALIBRATION SPARES GENERALLY AVAILABLE

Extra coulter Grabs & cuts residue LUCERN

TEFF

RYE-GRASS

SMUTSFINGER

MEDICS

CANOLA

WHEAT

OATS

SOYABEANS

LUPINE

*Prices are subject to exchange rates.

Distributed by Dauerhaft Pty Ltd

+27 (0)11 236 8603 6 Kikuyu Road, Sandton, Jhb.

Mkushi Sales Dehan Barnard +26 (0)96 672 2043 dbarnard@dauerhaft.co.za

Export Sales Barry Hutchinson +27 (0)82 855 4417 bhutchinson@dauerhaft.co.za

ProAgri Zambia 50

Johannesburg Morné Venzke +27 (0)83 400 5024 mvenzke@dauerhaft.co.za 51

Showroom, H/O & Branch ofce A7 Grader Place, 23 Grader Road, Spartan, Kempton Park, 1617 Web: www.ritlee.co.za Enquiries: sales@ritlee.co.za

Dan: +27 (0)11-452-3434 Clive: +27 (0)11-452-3434 Marc: +27 (0)84-453-4499 John: +27 (0)73-930-3799 Brad: +27 (0)83-436-8822

Ofce sales: Spares Dept: KZN & Export Rest of SA:

dan@ritlee.co.za clive@ritlee.co.za marc@ritlee.co.za john@ritlee.co.za brad@ritlee.co.za

Feeding cattle & Game Selected bush and trees.

Using Ritlee 225 chipper with grinder

225 Ritlee

Gravity feed wood chipper & chip grinder through 8, 10, 12, 15, 20 mm screen

www.bigdutchman.co.za

modular clima te an d pr odu ctio n

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Feed

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Always a step ahead with our housing and feeding equipment for modern poultry (broilers, layers) and pig production.

ster Ma Air

With Big Dutchman you’ve hit the bull’s eye!

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TOP QUALITY PRODUCTS

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Big Dutchman S. A. (Pty) Ltd PO Box 276 Edenvale Gauteng 1610 RSA, Tel. +27 11 452-1154, sales@bigdutchman.co.za Richard Scorgie, Zambia Office Tel. +26 97 778-4916, richard@bigdutchman.co.za

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ProAgri Zambia 50

N akonde

ESSE Clearing ltd A g r i c u lt u r e â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s a g e n t for a g r i c u lt u r e â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s n e e d s

Leading manufacturers of irrigation HDPE polypipes, sewer/waste pipes, garden hose pipes, UPVC & MPVC pressure pipes & f ittings & PVC borehole casings

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Imp

Exceptional value & Lowest prices!

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EXp Katima Kazungula

C h ir u n du Livingstone V ic Falls bo r de r ES S EC L t d

H E AD O F F I C E

ES S E C le a r i ng L td

+ 2 6 0 9 7 7 8 4 9 6 9 7 / + 2 6 0 2 1 3 3 22 553 inf o @ e s s e c l e a r i ng .c o m

www.esseclearing.com

Guaranteed! Your choice of top quality products Tel: +260 211 843290 / 845544 Cell: +260 955 180189 | E-mail: imperialplasticsip@yahoo.com Physical Address: No. 456A Kafue Road, Shimabala, Lusaka - Zambia www.imperialplast.com

ProAgri Zambia 50

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ProAgri Zambia 50

a UNITURTLE enterprise...

Cell: 0974 990928 / 0973 142990 Fax: 0211287528/0211 287611 Email: infolime@uniturtle.com

Chivuna, Mazabuka Tel: 03 233069

Plot 12913, Mumbwa Road Tel: 286057 / 286064 / 286258

Also available: Stock Feed lime & Stock Feed Grit

Lime Your Fields, Get Better Yields

Get better Yields: Using Turtle Agri-Lime!

FOR EACH TON OF FERTILISER, THE SOIL NEEDS ONE TON OF LIME

ProAgri Zambia 50

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Imtec Sales Agricultural implements

Bearings: Industrial, agricultural & automotive

Tractor parts & agricultural equipment

Power transmission parts

Workshop tools

Fasteners

COPPER BELT

LUSAKA

CENTRAL PROVINCE

SOUTHERN PROVINCE

Tel: +260 212 511 242 Cell: +260 979 773 830 alves@imtec.co.zm

Tel: +260 211 235 383 / 221 085 Cell: +260 978 217 217 imtec@zamnet.zm

Tel: +260 215 362 040 Cell: +260 964 355 746 anitraptors@gmail.com

Tel: +260 213 225 030 Cell: +260 978 777 919 greensolutions.sales@gmail.com

Johnsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Arcade, Corner of Zaona Avenue & 16th Street, Luanshya

Plot 1663, Panganani Road, Lusaka P.O Box CH 310220

Raptor R us Plot 12/13, Buteko Avenue, Mkushi

Green Solutions Ltd. P.O Box 630 358, Choma

SOLARTECH

ADVERTISE HERE! Zainab pandor +26 (0)97 769 9786 tiny@proagri.co.za

Xander pieterse +27 (0)79 524 0934 xander@proagri.co.za

Gerhard Potgieter +27 (0)74 694 4422 gerhard@proagri.co.za

Anelda Strauss +27 (0)74 424 0055 anelda@proagri.co.za

Johan Swartz +27 (0)71 599 9417 johan@proagri.co.za

Tiny Smith +27 (0)82 698 3353 tiny@proagri.co.za

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ProAgri Zambia 50

“Home for every vegetable grower” Irrigation Seeds Soil testing Sensors Integrated pest management

Tailored, high quality and affordable irrigation solutions.

Hybrid vegetable Seeds ‘”The best seeds you can get”.

Innovative soil scanning at your disposal: measuring the most important soil parameters. pH, EC, Soil Moisture “When you can test something easily and accurately, you can manage it”.

“Partner with

us to realize better yields and become more profitable”.

Use solutions from nature itself to protect your crop and improve your production.

VISTING THE AGRITECH? We are showcasing our inputs at the ETG demo Get in touch!

Facebook: HollandGreentechZambia Twitter: HGT_Zambia Website: www.hollandgreentech.com Email: info@hollandgreentech.com Call/whatsApp : 0963140424

Visit our office

Plot 2631, off Munali rd.

Munali extension Lusaka 1 km from Munali roundabout

ProAgri Zambia 50

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ProAgri Zambia 50