ProAgri Zambia 14 - December 2016

ProAgri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a

December 2016 Nr 14

Free

Rovic Leers: Krone crowned world baling king

Wangwa lifts national pig genetics baseline

Rotrix Africa irrigation in motion

ur festive season will not lack rain. It has already been proven to us with the thunderstorms and heavy downpours over the country. Unfortunately we heard about many deaths by lightning, and one power outage after the other is caused by the heavy storms.

We sincerely hope that the disrupted lives will find peace and experience normality soon. Fortunately, our farmers are well aware of the risks and are experienced and trained to make full use of this short rainy period.

This was a year full of political surprises which will definitely cause a swing in the global political pendulum.

Very few people would have guessed that the UK would vote to be out of the

Cover

Letter from the Editor

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EU in the Brexit referendum or that Donald Trump would become the next US president. This will definitely have an influence on the global political outlook, which might have a significant impact on Africa.

On the other hand, we are very lucky that nothing changed much after our elections (touch wood).

The country went back to normal quite rapidly and we are still very stable and seemingly ready for 2017.

This month we look at how pig and tilapia farming can be integrated with the efficient proliferation of pig genetics. Krone’s baling equipment prove that technology companies are still improving their products for the farmer’s benefit, and we also see what a farmer can gain by storing his own grain.

Please look after yourself this festive season and avoid risks when you change your normal schedules. Let us rather save the challenging behaviour for 2017 when our farms will require it from us.

Rotrix offers a splendid irrigation solution with their Rhino 300 4x4. Contact Seamus Fleming from Rotrix Zambia at +26 (0) 97-777-7301; Patrick Moonga from SARO at +26 (0) 97-838-6660 or Rob Hindon from MultiCrop at +26 (0) 96- 578-1419 to find out more about this very efficient, no-hassle system.

ProAgri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a

Office no. 3 Fens Investment Building Lusaka Show Grounds

Farm smartly!

+26 (0)96-216-9801 www.proagri.co.za

Du Preez de Villiers dupreez@proagri.co.za

Copyright © 2013. All rights r­ eserved. No m ­ aterial, text or p ­ hoto­graphs may be r­ eproduced, copied or in any other way t­ ransmitted without the written consent of the publisher. O ­ pinions ­expressed are not n ­ ecessarily those of the publisher or of the e ­ ditor. We recognise all trademarks and logos as the sole property of their r­ espective o ­ wners.

ProAgri shall not be liable for any errors or for any actions in reliance thereon.

ProAgri Zambia

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Editor Du Preez de Villiers > +27 82-598-7329 dupreez@proagri.co.za

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General Manager Zambia Quintus Grobler > +26 (0)96-216-9801 quintus@proagri.co.za Reporters Annemarie Bremner > +27 82-320-3642 annemarie@proagri.co.za

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Content

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Benine Cronjé > +27 73-105-6938 benine@proagri.co.za

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Marketing Xander Pieterse > +27 79-524-0934 xander@proagri.co.za Stefan van Wyk > +27 82-381-7563 stefan@agritrader.co.za

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Wangwa Farms improve the national pig gene baseline

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How to handle your beef cattle Part: 4

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Make your auction the greatest

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Increase your yield with ETG Zambian Fertilizers

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SOIL: The farmer’s most important asset Part 11

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Rovic Leers: Krone crowned king of balers

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Gain more from grain with Chief Industries UK Ltd

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Allison Agriculture: Save your soil with a Sumo Strip-Tilla

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Albida Agriculture: Be biological product smart

Distribution Du Preez de Villiers > +27 12-803-0667 dupreez@proagri.co.za.co.za

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Torktek; the problem solving workshop

Business manager George Grobler

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martly Farm s

Tiny Smith > +27 79-531-0024 tiny@proagri.co.za Melissa Pols > +27 83-748-3413 melissa@proagri.co.za Design Esta van Niekerk Enquiries Lize du Plooy > +27 12-803-0667 lize@proagri.co.za Accounts Ronel Keet > +27 12-803-0667 accounts@proagri.co.za

ProAgri Zambia 14

December 2016

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Wangwa Farms improve the national pig gene baseline

by Du Preez de Villiers

“Nowadays everybody wants to buy pigs and every small-scale farmer wants two or three pigs. We help them to make sure they buy the right gilts.

This is good for the country and our job as a gene supplier is to improve the gene baseline of Zambia.” – Peter Luyt.

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he largest pig genetics company in the world is PIC. If you want to become one of their agents, you have to undergo a very strict scrutiny process, since pig gene proliferation is one of the most bio-security sensitive operations in agriculture.

Peter Luyt of Wangwa farms north of Chisamba qualified for the PIC compliance process just over a year ago.

The initial response in the market was astonishing and Peter is very impressed with the growth in the market.

Currently he offers semen as well as gilts. “I chose to represent PIC since I am very excited about their genetics.

They offer the right size pig for us - the farmer has a chance to produce 130 kg pigs instead of the usual 90 kg pigs,” he says.

Wangwa is the agent for central Sub-Sahara Africa, while Alzu in Middelburg, South Africa, supplies the southern part of the sub-continent.

Wangwa distributes their genetics in Zambia,Tanzania, the DRC, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Rwanda.

Wangwa trades in superior genetics and is ready to supply the Zambian market with gilts and semen.

PIC offers an ongoing service to their agents to make sure they are on the ball the whole time. “Everything we do is still monitored by PIC from South Africa, and with their software they are able to look inside our project activities, but we adapted very well and are probably rated amongst the top five genetic companies in South Africa,” Peter says.

The pork market expanded significantly over the last few years. “It increased by 30% and pork became cheaper than beef. Our genetics are affordable though, given the potential it offers, and big and small-scale farmers can thrive on our semen and gilts,” he says. “As the market expands we shall still be able to supply our clients.”

Peter imported 10 boars from Czech Republic and the dame line gilts from Germany.

His next boars will come from Canada in the very near future.

Currently he has enough capacity for 5 500 sows, but his facilities allow him to expand.

Next year he wants to put up a 1 000 sow unit which will be mirrored with another 1 000 sow unit in two years.

Wangwa offers a very effective compact insemination kit for the small-scale farmer.

Peter Luyt shows the applicator, cooler box and semen tube he offers together with a quick course in pig artificial insemination.

Tilapias offer money for jam Wangwa uses a very creative and profitable system to get rid of the pig slurry. Next to every 500 sow unit, Peter dug a Tilapia dam. The right amount of slurry is pumped into the dams which allows algae to grow. Fingerlings are added to feed on the algae and are sold every twelve months when they reach 500 to 600 g. The rest of

Strict bio-security measures on Wangwa farms are vital to prevent the numerous diseases which might reduce efficiency and profits. There are three zones to cross before you reach the pigs. Matilda Chindale, gene transfer technician, and Peter Luyt, owner, are seen here in Zone A in front of Wangwa’s gene transfer facility. the slurry is used as fertiliser on the pastures and crops which are included in the pig rations.

ProAgri Zambia 14

You can bring home the bacon from the pig genetics revolution.

Contact Peter Luyt at +26-096685-1587 or Matilda Chindale at Wangwa’s piggery office at +26-096-196-0816.

December 2016

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Our contact details: www.breedingimpulszambia.com breedingimpulszambia@gmail.com www.breedingimpulszambia.com Willem van Zyl +260 (0)96 562 0775 willem@agriserveagro.com Copperbelt, Central-, Southern- & Western Province: Alberto +260 (0)97 172 0550 Breeding Impuls Zambia specializes in reproductive services and products for dairy and beef cattle. We specialize in AI, synchronization, pregnancy diagnosis by sonograph, semen and AI equipment sales.

Based on our international experiences we created a “breeding manual” to help farmers to choose the right breed to achieve their goals. Semen is imported from different countries over the world, to provide the best genetics for a reasonable price.

Our Services: • Artificial Insemination • Pregnancy diagnosis (palpitation, sonograph) • Synchronization Our Products: • Liquid Nitrogen • Bull semen:

- Dairy semen: Fleckvieh, Holstein-Friesian, Jersey

- Beef semen: Fleckvieh, Simental, Aberdeen Angus (red, black), Brahman, Boran, Brangus, Bonsmara, Tuli • Synchronization hormones (Syntex) • AI equipment: “Liquid Nitrogen For Sale Liquid Nitrogen flasks, AI kits, AI guns universal, minicutters, tweezers, sheaths, thaw units, thaw monitors, gloves, lubricants, disinfectants

How to handle your beef cattle Part: 4 Mobile crushes, work areas and handling equipment Convenience and safety for animals and stockmen are of utmost importance during cattle handling. This is the fourth part in our beef cattle handling series. The ARC-Institute for Agricultural Engineering in South Africa has made their manual on handling facilities available to ProAgri Zambia so that our readers can benefit from their research and knowledge.

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n this fourth delivery of the beef cattle handling series we are looking at mobile crushes, adequate working areas and body and neck clamps.

Mobile crushes Mobile crushes are generally used for fieldwork where there are no permanent handling facilities close to cattle pens. A mobile crush can also be used to treat sick animals in a camp.

Mobile crushes can basically be used anywhere in the field next to a fence.

Such a crush will obviously have to be easily assembled and transported.

One way gate Chain adjustable over crossbeam

Crush

Such a crush can therefore not be longer than three to four metres. This should Direction of movement be long enough for two animals. Figure 17 shows Figure 15: One-way swing gate a typical assembly of a mobile crush.

Measurements for a coarse to prevent animals from slipmobile crush are basically the same as ping. those for a conventional crush. When Floors with an imprinted diamond the mobile crush has to be used for pattern give very good results. After calves, it can be assembled in such a casting the floor, a straight edge is way that the crush forms a curve. By used to imprint the diamond pattern of doing this, the effective width of the approximately 200mm wide and 20mm crush decreases for easier handling of deep into the concrete. This diamond the calves. An inner measurement of pattern is also easy to clean.

450 to 500mm is suitable for calves.

Figure 18 shows the adjusted erection of a mobile crush for calves with the Mobile crush decreased inner measurement.

Figure 19 shows the construction of a typical mobile crush. The crush consists of separate units which are driven into the ground with spikes.

Fence The working area The working area is at the end of the crush. This is the area where the animals are handled and it can contain the following items: • Neck clamp • Body clamp • Scale

Figure 16: One-way swing gate

Hinge

The working area of a permanent crush must preferably be provided with a roof and a concrete floor. The floor must be

Holding area

Figure 17: Erection of a mobile crush

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able work area must be provided in front of the animal.

It is convenient to control all the equipment in feedlots hydraulically. It simplifies the process and saves a lot of time. The hydraulics must, however, be designed in such a way that the animals are not injured. Pressure control valves must be used to prevent injuries. Figure 21 shows a hydraulically controlled unit.

Figure 18: Adjusted crush erection for calves If an earth floor is used, it must be thoroughly compacted so that it can drain easily and not be trampled into slush. Figure 20 shows a typical work area.

The mentioned work area components must be arranged in such a way that the openings and gates are combined to make access to the cattle possible. A gate that swings open from the side in the direction of the crush in order to block off the crush for other animals, but gives access to the rump of the animal, is convenient. A comfort-

Neck clamp A neck clamp is one of the most essential items in the working area. It is used to hold the animal in position while work is done on it.

Quite a few neck clamps are available on the market, with different opening mechaFigure 22: Typical neck clamp

Figure 20: Typical work area

Body clamp A body clamp is used for holding the animal firmly in position while working on it. The sides of the clamp swing inwards to clamp the body of the animal.

Some body clamps are provided with removable side plates for easier access to the animal. Figure 23 shows a typical body clamp.

Anchor pin

Plan elevation Connector piece between two side walls

nisms and differently shaped neck openings.

Guard against delicate neck clamps made from inferior materials.

The shape of the neck clamp plays a major role in decreasing the vertical movement of the head. The locking mechanism of the neck clamp must also have a fine setting. It is advisable to obtain the opinion of other farmers or owners about a certain product on a certain breed, before a neck clamp is purchased. Figure 22 shows a typical neck clamp.

700-750

Side walls 1 500

Figure 21: Hydraulically controlled unit

Next month we shall have a look at the importance of weight record keeping and scales.

1 100

Steel pipes

800 500 250

Front view

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Support Anchor pin

Figure 19: Mobile crush

Figure 23: Typical body clamp

ProAgri Zambia 14

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8 Desember 2016

ProAgri Zambia 14

K89

K925

K20

K120 K140 K65

K227

K168

K360

K45

K350

K163

K172

K80

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Make your auction the greatest deur Tiny Smith

by Tiny Smith

There is a lot you can do before your auction to ensure that the hammer would fall after the right bid.

The auction companies should send their agents to the information day as it is tries such as America, particularly when fter Easter and Christmas, the most their duty to know what will be available it comes to their “steer sales” . I noticed important day on the stock farmer’s on the auction, and to use this knowla new trend which works like this: calendar is his auction. The auction is edge to promote the auction.

“First, the breeder invites his previous important not only as a vital cash injecfour years’ biggest and most important tion, but also for the marketing value it Promote your auction buyers. Then he invites all the livestock holds for the future.

A breeder should keep a percentage of buyers in his area, as well as the agents How should a farmer go about to the nett income of his previous auction of the local auction companies. These make this important event a success? I to serve as the marketing budget for his agents usually know best what type of have attended hundreds of auctions and next auction. For instance, if the turnobulls other breeders need in their herds.

I have spoken to many farmers to learn ver of your previous auction was A percentage commission is paid to the the factors that may drastically affect R1 500 000, you should budget R75 000 agent for each of the buyers that he the success of an auction.

(5%) for your next auction. brings to the auction.

Information days: What is the purpose of an information day? As far as I could ascertain, the information day is the opportunity for the breeder to invite as many potential buyers and sponsors as possible, as well as a number of guest speakers, to discuss the pros and cons of the breed. Usually, feed and animal health companies are more than willing to provide speakers for such events. The food and drinks and social after the official programme can offer the farmer the perfect opportunity to sell himself to his clients.

Sometimes the question may arise whether the game is worth the candle to spend so much money on an information day. How many visitors attend the auction to spend money and how many turn up only for the social and the refreshments? This is where the breeder should start thinking carefully to prevent from A winner animal cannot be sold for the right price if you haven’t started to bordering on a “rent a crowd” dilemma. invite the right buyers months before and publicised your auction well in I consulted Uncle Google to learn how advance. auctions are promoted in bigger coun-

A

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to the breeder’s web page are beginning to play an important role and offer the advantage of word of mouth marketing which has a great influence on people who know the breeder. This combines perfectly with the farmer’s involvement with his breeders’ association and community.

Avoid the “vulture trap” where your pavilion is filled with eaters and drinkers without buyers. Attract the right buyers with clever marketing! Negotiate discount rates with local guests houses for buyers who wish to sleep over.

Start planning the great day well in advance, so that you can be relaxed and full of beans. Your attitude can set your clients at ease and make them eager to buy.

The choice of printed media is very important, as newspapers and magazines are still popular amongst farmers, and you should know who your prospective buyers are and where to reach them.

Local regional newspapers are useful to draw the local buyers. They usually buy the most bulls and easily pay between R25 000 and R40 000 for a bull. For them, transport is no problem and the animals are adapted to the area already.

National printed media appearing with short intervals should be considered with

extreme caution. Is the expensive weekly advertisement really a wise choice, or can the marketing budget be stretched with clever decisions?

The auction companies should also make sure that the auction pamphlets are distributed at the right places and that the posters are visible along the busiest routes.

Nowadays there are community radio stations that may also be utilised to reach local buyers. Social media like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook with links

Choice of auction companies I have seen an auction where the office staff of the auction company arrived 90 minutes before the beginning of the auction, and the auctioneer, agents and auction staff 60 minutes before the time.

What struck me, was the fact that the agents quickly downed a mug of coffee and then went to sit idly in the pavilion, thereby completely missing the opportunity to discuss the animals on auction with buyers. (There were 46 registered buyers.) But at the fall of the last hammer, guess who were first at the bar and the food tables?

One of the most important considerations when planning an auction is the right choice of auction company and auctioneer, and money is definitely not the only aspect to take into account.

Never choose an auction company or auctioneer without a thorough knowledge of your breed – the wrong choice might cost you dearly. The auction company should have a wide footprint in your breed and in your area. (I would rather choose not to use a specific breed or auction company as an example here.)

Sponsorships and speakers No auction or information day can be held without sponsors and speakers. Invite your local input providers to put up their banners at your auction. Remember to mention all your sponsors in your thank-you speech.

Reflection: A thorough post-mortem must be held with all role players, including the landlords who provided accommodation for visiting buyers. Problems must be discussed and solved in order to improve every year. The success of the auction must be publicised in all possible media, convincing everybody that they should not miss next year’s auction. Normally, this is a shared responsibility between the breeder and the auction company.

Start planning next year’s auction immediately and visit, or keep in touch with your buyers.

With clever marketing, your pavilion will be full of buyers instead of vultures.

ProAgri Zambia 14

Kindly contact Tiny Smith at tiny@proagri.co.za to assist you with the marketing of your auction.

December 2016 13

No-till the way to go!

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ProAgri Zambia 14

Increase your yield with ETG Zambian Fertilizers Farmers may bank on more than first class fertilisers from ETG Zambian Fertilizers. This supplier also advise farmers on the best way to fight off weeds in their fields by the correct use of herbicides, and they have also embarked on a programme aimed at educating small-scale farmers to grow other crops besides maize.

T

he practice of mono-cropping has a negative effect on the soil, leading to insufficient plant nutrients for the next crop to be planted, thereby affecting yields. With the practice of crop rotation and better input application of seed, fertilisers and chemicals (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides) the soil will improve and restore soil fertility season after season.

Fields also benefit from growing

different crops as they aerate and add various nutrients into the soil.

Moreover, each crop has its own place in the market and can add value to both the farmer and consumer.

The whole idea is to encourage farmers to use the correct inputs such as a fertiliser blend that is crop specific, lime and organic enriched, specific insecticides, fungicides and herbicides for optimum crop performance by providing a growing environment that favours healthy crop growth.

Blended fertilisers for vegetables ETG Zambian Fertilizers have blended fertilisers for all types of vegetables a farmer can think of planting on the farm at any particular time. Horticulture fertilisers are available in mixes such as Veg Mix A, Veg Mix B, Veg Mix C, Veg Top 24 and Veg Top 32.

Veg Mix A is configured to be used for fruiting plants, Veg Mix B is configured for leafy vegetables, Veg Mix C for tuber plants, while the Veg Top

24 and Veg Top 32 can be used in all the categories. These vegetable mixes are tailor-made to provide the correct combination of nutrients that your vegetables need.

Consult ETG Zambian Fertilizers for any crop production advice and guidelines on how to produce the best quality grain and vegetables. Our agronomists will be more than happy to provide you with all the information on how to employ the most rewarding methods in the field.

ProAgri Zambia 14

Contact +260-974-772-838 or send an e-mail to sales.zam@etgworld.com. You can also visit their site at www.etgworld.com.

December 2016 15

SOIL: The farmer’s most important asset Martiens du Plessis, Soil Scientist, NWK Limited & Prof Cornie van Huyssteen, Lecturer: Soil Science, University of the Free State

Soil is the most fundamental resource for the farmer, without which food and natural fibre cannot be produced. This article forms part of a series to highlight this resource.

PART 11: GROUND WATER (III) Soil water management is of cardinal importance in crop production. The purpose of soil water management is to continuously comply with the plant’s water needs as well as one can. Too little water places moisture stress on the plant, lowering the crop yield. Conversely, too much water causes water logging conditions. In this article soil water management will be discussed in terms of the soil water balance equation.

The soil water balance equation The soil water balance equation can be mathematically described as follows: [equation] Where: ∆W = change in soil water

content

A schematic representation of the soil water balance equation.

P = precipitation / rainfall I = supplementation via irrigation water R = run-off from the soil surface D = deep percolation (drainage past the root zone) or capillary rise from a water table E = evaporation losses from the soil T = Transpiration by plant communities on the soil

The soil water balance equation is presented in FIGURE 1.

Change in soil water content (∆W) The soil water content is dynamic over time and changes are brought about by a series of factors. The soil water content is of major importance to the soil user in agriculture because it is probably the greatest single factor that influences plant growth. The dry land producer tries to utilise the physical and morphological properties of soil in such a way that it stores water optimally and makes it available to the plants during non-or low rainfall times.

The irrigation producer has the same aim, but with the proviso that excess water does not build up in the root zone and the soil then become water logged.

The change in soil water content can be measured in a number of ways, of which some methods are direct and others indirect measurements.

Direct measurements With the gravimetric method, the wet soil is weighed beforehand, dried, and then weighed again. The difference in

mass represents the water that was in the soil. It is then expressed as a fraction of the dried soil (g water /g soil). When the bulk density of the soil is available, it can be expressed as a volume basis (m3 water /m3 soil) and is then referred to as the volumetric water content. The latter is more preferable as it can easily be converted into the water content of the profile by multiplying it by the depth of the soil.

Indirect measurements The first method is with the help of a neutron moisture meter. This is based on the principle that a neutron source is lowered into the soil via an access tube. The neutron source radiates rapidly moving neutrons that are slowed down by a number of collisions with hydrogen nuclei (present in water). A counter measures the relationship between the fast and the slow neutrons which is related to the water content of the soil. It is important that the neutron meter measurements are correctly calibrated with the soil’s water constants, otherwise incorrect readings will be obtained.

Tensiometers measure the matrix potential (suction tension) in the soil and is an indication of the work a plant must do to withdraw water from the soil. A small ceramic head is connected to a water-filled tube and installed into the soil. A pressure gauge is attached to the top of the tube in order to measure the suction tension when the dry soil sucks the water through the ceramic head.

These days there are a number of electronic appliances on the

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market that measure the soil water contents on a daily basis (even at various depths) and send the data to a computer via SMS or other technology. The change in water content is then presented graphically over time.

This is a wonderful aid for irrigation scheduling.

Precipitation / rainfall (P) For the dry land producer, rainfall is a gift and part of the natural resources that he works with. The challenge is to convert the rainfall into a marketable product, such as grain, fibre, and meat, in the most effective way. In the soil water balance equation, it is the main source of water that wets the soil and therefore positively changes it. Accumulation of run-off water in low-lying places in fact increases the precipitation in those places. The addition of rain water can be managed by planting in such a way that critical growth periods correspond with periods with the highest likelihood of rainfall.

Addition via irrigation water (I) Irrigation refers to the artificial addition of water (rainfall is thus excluded) and therefore brings about an increase in the soil water. P + I are the only water gains in the water balance 80 70

mm/uur

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

tyd

equation. The soil water balance equation can be artificially influenced by farming practices to the advantage or disadvantage of the operations.

Run-off from the soil surface (R) Run-off is the first loss of water in the water balance equation. It is directly influenced by infiltration. Water that does not infiltrate, remains standing on the surface of the soil or it runs off and is therefore lost for dry land production. Limitation of run-off losses is one of the most important aspects of the water balance equation that can be managed by the producer, in that practices must be focused on increasing water infiltration.

When the topsoil is dry and is then wetted, the initial infiltration is very quick due to the low matrix potential and the water is in fact sucked into the soil. The infiltration rate decreases rapidly as the first pores are filled with water and it must then be conducted deeper. With time the infiltration rate decreases further until it reaches a point where it is constant, which is known as the final infiltration rate of that specific soil (FIGURE 2). This is equal to the saturated hydraulic conduction of the soil. In sand this is relatively quick (>100 mm/hour), but in silty and clayey soils this is much slower (<1 mm/hour).

When the precipitation exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will take place.

One of the best known methods to increase water infiltration is to loosen the soil surface through mechanical methods, thus mak-

The relationship between infiltration rate and time of water provision.

ing it more receptive to the retention of water. The disadvantage of this is that a large excess of oxygen is introduced into the soil which increases microbe activity and, in turn, breaks down organic material more rapidly.

The effect thereof is that micro-aggregates break down, the soil disperses and then closes up, which once again lowers the infiltration and increases the run-off.

The build-up of organic material in the topsoil is intended, amongst others, to increase infiltration. This happens when microbe activity forms water-stable aggregates on the surface, with relatively large pores in between, through which the water can infiltrate rapidly. Furthermore, plant remnants on the soil surface reduce the impact of the raindrops and slows down the flow of water, leaving the water more time to infiltrate.

Chemical problems can also cause the topsoil to disperse and close up, thus reducing infiltration. The best known is sodium which is associated with the soil becoming brackish. Too much magnesium (>35% of the CEC) has the same effect. Both can be improved with the addition of agricultural gypsum.

Deep percolation or drainage past the root zone (D) Soil types differ greatly from each other where the ability to retain free water in the profile against deep percolation is concerned or, on the other hand, to allow it to percolate deeply past the root zone. Soil types with restricting layers retain the water against deep percolation and then make it available again to plant roots in the soil, often through capillary rise.

The external drainage of these soils is poor. The well-known water-table soils of the Western Free State are perfect examples of this (FIGURE 3). In the water balance equation, D then has a positive value and is therefore a water profit. These types of soil are usually not the first choice for irrigation.

On the other hand, some types of soil have no restricting layers and allows the water to flow through to the underlying geology. These are typically the deep well drained soil types. A significant amount of water can be lost to plant production in these soils.

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E-mail: info-kitwe@saroagri.co.zm

Plot no. 5284 Buyantanshi Road P.O Box 35168, Lusaka, Zambia Tel: 241477, 845675, 096 500 0051 Fax: (260) (211) 846224, 846225

Plot no. 4013 Mutentemuko Road Heavy Industrial Area, Kitwe - Zambia Tel: (260) (212) 210793/94 Fax: (260) (212) 210795

MKUSHI

P.O Box 840238 Mkushi Turn off Mkushi Zambia Tel: (260) (215) 352569 Fax: (260) (215) 352568 Cell: (260) (979) 343330, (973) 654518 E-mail: saromkushi@zamtel.co.zm

LIVINGSTONE

P.O Box 60010 Plot no. 1015 Chifubu Road Tel: 021 332 2992 Cell: 097 339 4547 /097 779 7962 /095 579 7962

Because it is inherently a soil property, the land user cannot manipulate it.

What is of importance though is that the land user must know what types of soil occur on his or her farm and only then the soil types can be utilised according to its drainage properties and full potential.

Evaporation losses from the soil (E) A significant amount of water evaporates annually from the soil surface.

When the soil is hot and dry and a light shower of rain (<5 mm) falls on the soil, it easily evaporates again within a day or two. During a year there are a number of showers like this that, without follow-up showers, the water will evaporate entirely. Also, of each larger shower of rain or rain period, 10 mm easily evaporates. In a fallow system, when land lies fallow for an entire year in order to accumulate water, about 60% to 70% of the total annual rainfall evaporates. When there is a crop on the land, this is considerably less, but nevertheless between 30% and 50 % of the rainwater is lost to evaporation.

Evaporation is one of the factors that can be managed through agricultural practices. Plant residue on the soil surface plays an important role in providing shade for the soil and, as a result, less solar energy falls on the soil thus restricting the evaporation.

This role is applicable as long as the soil surface is wet or moist. When the uppermost more or less 100 mm of the soil has already dried out (as is the case during most of the year), the effect of the plant residue and shade is very small, as the rate of water loss is subject to the rate of capillary rise.

Under well-drained conditions this supplementation from the underlying layers of soil is very slow, about 0,1 to 0,2 mm water per day. The sup-

A water table in a sandy soil with poor external drainage plementation of water from shallow water tables (<600 mm from the soil surface) is, however, rapid and therefore the evaporation losses can be significant.

The management of evaporation losses offers the innovative producer major opportunities as better management thereof will have a great influence on yield returns.

Transpiration by plant communities (T) When the humidity of the atmosphere is lower than in the leaf of the plant (which is normally the case), there is a moisture pressure gradient between the inside of the leaf and the atmosphere.

Water moves out of the leaf to the atmosphere (and cools the leaf).

The leafâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s moisture state is supplemented again from the soil. When the atmospheric demand is higher than the rate of supplementation from the soil, the plant wilts, it is under stress and photosynthesis is halted. When the soil is wet,

the water is freely available and the plant roots can easily absorb water to provide it to the leaves. The plant remains turgid and photosynthesis is optimal. The drier the atmosphere, the higher the atmospheric evaporative demand and the more the plants transpire. This is often the case in the western grain producing areas of South Africa. In the cooler and moister eastern grain areas the evaporative demand is much lower and the plants use much less water.

Additionally all the water in the soil should only be used by the crop. There should therefore be no unnecessary transpiration losses via weeds. Excellent weed control is therefore the first control measure of the grain producer to restrict transpiration.

Furthermore, the choice of crops and cultivars, as well as plant density, is important. As an example, unproductive shoots amongst maize may be seen as undesirable, as they pump an unnecessary quantity of water into the atmosphere. A plant density which creates too great a leaf area on the land without increasing the harvest returns, is unnecessary and simply increases transpiration.

Transpiration must therefore be managed by the grain farmer in such a way that it optimises the harvest.

Unproductive transpiration must also be eliminated.

Interception When there is a crop on the land and a light shower of rain falls, the plants get wet without much of the rain falling on the soil. This water on the leaves of the plant evaporates rapidly without making a contribution to the water balance equation. This loss is defined as interception. Fortunately, in totality it consists of a small percentage of the total rainfall, but with every shower of rain this loss is there. The producer cannot do much about it.

References Bennie, ATP. 1981 Soil Science 354. Soil and water management. Unpublished class notes for GKD354. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.

Bennie, ATP. 1985. SA Co-op, Vol 5, Nr 1.

Brady, NC. 1990. The nature and properties of soils. 10th ed. Macmillan publishing company, New York.

ProAgri Zambia acknowledges Grain SA for the use of this series which originally appeared in Afrikaans in SA Graan/Grain.

For further information, please contact: Martiens du Plessis: martiens@nwk.co.za Cornie van Huyssteen: vanhuysteencw@ufs.ac.za

ProAgri Zambia 14

December 2016 21

MF1840 Baler

TABM18400GYBS3101 2015 850 bales Excellent condition

Challenger 865C Demo 1024Hrs

$325 000

Radium-17 Tine Powerrip, Trailed Combo 0045-1403 2014 Approx 1600 ha

$15 525

$18 500

Hyster 2.5 Ton Demo 107Hrs

$27 000

Challenger 540C Rotary Combine AGCC540C0EHC37521 2014 90 hours Excellent condition

RG700 New with Full Guidance ready

$195 000

With full guidance

MF7180 4WD CAB 180 HP AG Tractor BZY42002 2014 245 Hours

$195 000

MF470 New $49 500

$69 000

MF460 New 2 TO CHOOSE

FROM $44 000

2 TO CHOOSE FROM

$28 500

SF6631 Vertical Till

AGCS66310EZVRT204 2015 Ex-demo less than 1000 hours Retails at $86,000 FOB

MF440 4WD

New 3 TO CHOOSE FROM

$31 000

October 2016

MF32 Advanced

AAAC1002LFS001279 2016 16 hours ex demo

E272009 2014 250 Hours Excellent condition

MF326 Planter MF3262R17

MF03405457 2015 Demo model - excellent condition

SF4710-5 Rigid Coulter Ripper CX460715 2016 Demo

$27 025

MF 240

WITH POWERSTEERING

$16 500

$103 500

18

MF8690 tractor 340 HP

$46 000

$73 000

MF440 2WD Demo

$155 000

$158 125

$195 000

MF8690 Demo

MF9824 Planter

AGCW98240EH824151 2014, 24 row 30 inch(76cm) plus dry Fert-AUlari Excellent condition

MF7240 ACTIVA Combine Harvester 551100404 2015 68 hours ex-demo

$94 300

ProAgri Zambia 12

MF 440 4WD Second hand 2 to choose from

$18 000

MF2270T Cutter Baler HFB04114 Includes £5,000 worth of twine 108 rolls, 2014

$138 000

MF4708 EXMF4708ES2P2 Tractor TABMC090CE5246004 2014 9 hours

$23 000

MF375X-2WD

MF4708 EXMF4708ES2P2 Tractor TABMC090KE5259002 2014 99 hours

$22 750

MF385X-2WD

MF320 Seed Drill MF03407756 2015

$44 275

$174 000

MF4708 EXMF4708ES2P2 Tractor TABMC090LE5289026 2014 28 Hours

MF345X-2WD

NFGM03452GP015008

MF345X-2WD

CHTA910 Flexible Header

L03 Fixed Corn HeaderFantini

NFGM03452GP015010

$12 500

AGCCFHB30CHW08175 2012

$55 000

Three to choose from

Cressoni Series Soja SF3 Flex-CRFH442-15

CHCH12-30 Corn Header

$12 650

$71 300

442053015 2016

AEHCH1203 2013 1 season

MF375X-2WD

NFGM03752GP015006 2016

$18 000

$23 000

NFGM03852GP015003 2016

$19 500

AGCCO700EFN901006 2014 173 hours excludes guidance

NFGM03752GP015005 2016

$18 000

RG700 Rogator Sprayer

$12 500

14495, 2013 180 hours

MF345X-2WD

NFGM03452GP015009

$12 500

Cressoni 6 Row 75cm

Corn Header - CRCH6R75-15 675042615 2016

$12 650

$32 200

MF9250-920 DYNAFLEX Header EHD01518 2015

$78 000

MF610 (8250 Dyna flex) 610F421501 2016

$428 500

Barry Hutchinson +260 96802 2320 Chinso Chipopola +260 96940 7424

BHutchinson@bhbw.co.zm ProAgri Zambia 13

November 2016

19

material from the wide pickup unit into the narrower bale chamber.

Comprima round balers are equipped with either a feed rotor or a rotor cutter.

Either system ensures an extremely smooth flow of material from the pick-up into the bale chamber.

The XCut rotor cutters are specialist systems when it comes to achieving even higher bale densities and producing bales that break up easily in the feed mixing process. The rotor smoothly pulls the crop through a maximum number of 17 or 26 blades, which are all mounted on one plane.

All blades are individually protected by coil springs to break back when hitting a foreign object. Once the object has passed, they automatically return to their Ewald Vehring is the satisfied operator setting up the world record with his Krone previous position.

Comprima.

The Comprima also boasts new NovoGrip technology, gricultural equipment is on the leadComprima is the first round bale which combines the bale feed benefits of ing edge of technological developmachine to offer the EasyFlow pick-up chain and slat elevators with the quiet ment, and when the best of the best without a cam track. EasyFlow operates running of belt systems. To form highare compared, the competition is fierce. at a higher speed for cleaner, quicker density and well-shaped bales, NovoGrip Many have tried, but after four years gathering and higher productivity. relies on an endless elevator, with slats Krone Comprima still wears the world The new EasyFlow pick-up runs very mounted in rubber/fabric belts. record crown in baling with an astonishquietly and boasts a straightforward The net wrapping system of the Krone ing 149 round bales in one hour. design as well as a significantly reduced also works faster than the traditional This world record was established number of moving parts. Less wear, in twine system, adding to the Comprima’s with a Comprima F125 XC model on turn, means lower maintenance and record-breaking speeds. A net role can a 35 ha wheat field in East Germany service costs. be 3 600 metres long, which means less on 1 August 2012. The operator was EasyFlow works 30% faster than stopping time.

Ewald Vehring who lectures Agricultraditional systems to pick up more maFarmers are offered a choice between tural Machinery at the North German terial more cleanly. fixed or semi-variable bale chambers.

DEULA Institute for Practical Industrial The highlight of this pick-up unit is The 1,25 m series is suitable for use Training. The event was covered by the the special design of stationary galwith tractors ranging in power from 36 German agricultural magazines DLZ and vanised scrapers to remove material to 40 kW. Agragheute. from the pick-up fingers, which ensures The F125 / F125 XC / F155 / F155 In the attempt to break the world a continuous flow of material into the XC are supplied in Southern Africa by record, Ewald started the tractor at baler.

Rovic Leers and distributed in Zambia by exactly 12:05 and worked for precisely The pick-up unit is driven by an auAFGRI. 60 minutes. Set to the highest density tomatically tensioned drive chain, which and wrapping three layers of netting on has a star ratchet clutch for reliable You can also benefit from world each of the 1,25 m diameter bales, the overload protection when the system record equipment on your farm or machine was stopped at 1:05 sharp. picks up a foreign object. as a baling contractor in Zambia.

At that time, the bale count was 149.

Massive augers feed the crop from Phone Victor van der Berg at +260 This count translates into an average of the sides to the middle of the machine 96-385-3388 for more informa2,5 bales per minute. It took the mato ensure a smooth flow of tion. Look at a video of the world chine only 60 minutes to bale 28 tonnes record on www.krone.ed. of wheat straw.

Ewald said: “These 60 minutes were sheer stress for me, even though I am quite a seasoned baler operator. When I first looked at the bale counter after half an hour, the count was already seven bales ahead of the existing record. This was when I knew that we were going to set a new world record today.”

Krone crowned king of balers

A

This is how it works The Comprima did not only set up the world record in number of bales made, but also established the benchmark in baling technology.

This is how the world record of 149 bales in one hour was set up.

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ProAgri Zambia 14

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Gain more from grain with Chief Industries UK Ltd

B

right benefits await the farmer who can store grain under controlled conditions.

In the short term, storing grain in bags or on a store floor might seem to be an inexpensive solution, but in the long run it inevitably leads to major losses due to rodent and insect infestations, water ingress and general loss of quality. Losses of one third of a crop are not unusual in these circumstances.

These problems can all be solved with the erection of a grain silo where grain can be stored under controlled conditions to maintain its quality over extended periods.

This is where the proven and dependable company, Chief Industries, comes to the farmer’s aid. Chief Industries has more than sixty years experience in grain handling systems, incorporating state-of-the-art design and manufacturing of flat-floored silos with capacities ranging from 30 to 30 000 tonnes, hopper bins with capacities ranging from 2,5 to 1 400 tonnes, and grain dryers capable of drying from 9 to more that 300 tonnes per hour.

Projects range from small to large farm installations, millers, livestock producers, large government and commercial strategic storage plants, to large port installations.

By designing complexes of a number of silos, the grain storage and drying possibilities are infinite.

This 2 000 tonne grain storage project In Uganda includes silo sweep augers, unloading augers and full aeration systems. The intake and extraction capacity is 50 tonnes per hour.

This 15 000 tonne grain storage plant in Ghana consists of ten 1 500 tonne silos. It has a mechanical intake capacity of 150 tonnes per hour.

The installation of storage silos, with the optional addition of cleaning and drying, may at a first glance seem to be an expensive investment. However, if the cost is amortised over, say, 40 years, and the savings through proper control of the grain under optimal conditions and the substantially reduced losses taken into account, it will be seen what a worthwhile investment it is.

In addition to the savings on quality and losses, having properly controlled grain safely stored allows for far greater control of the potential income yield from the product. Instead of selling “straight from the field” when prices are often at their worst, sales can be timed for when prices are good. In addition, in times of scarcity, a dryer may enable a farmer to sell his grain before the market becomes flooded with the new harvest.

For Chief, the farmer who wants one small silo is just as important as the customer who wants a large port installation, and the same care is taken with design and installation.

Manufactured from high quality galvanised steel, Chief’s storage installations last for many decades and are the most economical and safest way of storing and preserving the quality of grain.

With a team of around 1 500 experienced and dedicated personnel and manufacturing facilities in the United Kingdom, the USA and France, Chief Industries can provide top quality solutions, whatever your requirements in grain storage and quality may be.

For a partner with the expertise, technology and manufacturing capabilities to ensure your storage plant is second-to-none in terms of quality and processes, you need look no further than Chief Industries.

Contact Chief Industries for your grain storage solutions on tel +44 (0) 1621-868944 or e-mail sales@chief.co.uk. Also visit www.chief.co.uk.

ProAgri Zambia 14

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Allison Agriculture: Save your soil with a Sumo Strip-Tilla The ploughing culture is heavily engrained in the African farmer but, unfortunately, it presents a few serious problems.

A

s long as the weeds are buried after your plough went through the field, everything seems fineâ&#x20AC;Ś but it is not that simple.

Years of ploughing the African soil creates a 10 cm deep impenetrable plough pan or compaction layer below the soil surface. The plough just skids along on top of this compaction layer, which means that you are only using the top 10 cm of your soil.

The other problem with ploughing is that you invert the soil and expose the organic matter to oxygen so that it loses its value. The sun also bakes down on the soil, draining it of very valuable moisture.

George Allison from Allison Agriculture works closely with Michael Osgerby from the UK to import and distribute Sumo Equipment in Zambia and they offer a revolutionary alternative to ploughing.

A Sumo Strip-Tilla allows the organic matter to stay on the surface. As a result, the soil is much cooler which enhances plant growth in hot conditions.

Sumo Equipment is a market leader in the UK for subsoiling equipment and is making a footprint in Zambia.

The Sumo Strip-Tilla is a subsoiler which does the cultivation work beneath the soil surface. The working principle is very simple, yet very effective. A cutting disk at the front slices the soil surface and organic matter which allows a tine to penetrate and loosen the soil up to 350 cm deep. Last in line is a heavy roller to break down the clods to create a flat seedbed which will allow even a conventional planter to do a splendid job.

Whether you are a small-scale or commercial farmer, the principle remains the same.

Why do you need a Sumo subsoiler?

The infiltration rate of the rain into the tine rows is much greater and the runoff much less. Now you can simply plant on the tine row and the plants will get a good start. When you break the 10 cm plough pan, the roots can chase moisture and nutrients much deeper downwards.

An added bonus is that you will save fuel and effort if you work on the same rows as the previous season.

To get your own Sumo Strip-Tilla, contact George Allison at +260967-707-733 or allison.george@gmail.com, or Michael Osgerby at +447-506-855295 or michaelosgerby@aol.com.

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Be biological product smart Prevention is better than cure, especially when biological products are involved

T

he world of biological products can be a confusing place with complicated active names, strains, product concentrations, unusual and varied modes of action, special storage requirements and strict recommendations for use.

How do we know we have the right product or the best product for the job at hand, and whether we are using and storing it correctly?

The first consideration is to scrutinise the product label. Make sure that the product in question has an appropriate registration number. Understand the claim on the label and do a quick concentration versus price calculation. Make sure you buy from a reputable seller and check the expiry date.

Every product is different, because they contain different strains of the same organism. This means they are very similar but may have slight differences in terms of efficacy. For example, you may have bought one Trichoderma

product that gave very good root growth enhancement and then tried another that gave better disease suppression, and another that gave no result at all.

You can't say that because one Trichoderma product gave you a poor result, that all Trichoderma products will perform the same.

Once you have checked the above and have decided to purchase a product, what precautions should you take to ensure you get the best results from that product?

1. When you receive your order, check the packaging for an expiry date and storage requirements.

2. In addition, you should check with your supplier to ensure they have taken precautions during storage and handling.

3. When using the product in the field, try to keep it cool and out of the sun.

4. Ensure you read the label and follow the recommended application practice.

5. Check compatibility; as many agrochemicals are designed to kill fungal or bacterial diseases, they may also harm your product which contains beneficial fungi and bacteria.

Be aware that biological products take longer to achieve the results of a chemical product. Give the product 3 to 4 days to work. Be aware that for disease or pest suppression you will likely need to re-apply at least once.

Discuss your expectations with the salesperson to ensure you know what to expect from the product, and remember, biologicals are not a silver bullet or a quick fix.

Albida Agriculture can tell you all you need to know about biological products - contact them on: albidaagriculture@gmail.com, +260 969-807-298 or +260 967-707-733.

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Hydrautivity Zambia Limited Hydrautivity Zambia Limited is a company specialised in mobile line boring that serves the whole country. We operate with a unique electric driven line boring setup designed and built to improve efficiency.

The line boring machine can line bore from 38mm to 152mm in diameter. We also refurbish buckets, tapping out broken bolts, removal and fitting of pins and bushes.

To us customers are very important and every job will be finished to the tightest tolerances with perfect alignment while keeping down time and costs to a minimum.

For quotes/enquiries and bookings please feel free to contact us today.

Plot 8086 off Mumbwa Road, Chinika industrial area, Lusaka.

Mobile: +260 (0) 955 774714 or +260 (0) 966 450313 david_chirwa@yahoo.co.uk 36 December 2016

ProAgri Zambia 14

Torktek; the problem solving workshop

by Benine Cronjé

T

orktek, an advanced workshop in Zambia, is the only garage in Zambia that sells the best second hand Toyota vehicles. This is great news for farmers looking for second hand vehicles to use on the farm.

In this difficult year, farmers need to save where they can, but they still need the best service. Torktek knows that farming cannot wait for broken down vehicles, therefore they make sure that every vehicle they sell is fully operational and reliable.

Torktek’s people are focused on service and high quality of workmanship. They aim towards widening their services in the automotive industry and to help more farmers and vehicle owners with their technical problems.

What can Torktek do?

They specialise in vehicle service, fleet maintenance, suspensions, diagnostics, auto electrics, dyno tuning, engine, gearbox and differential overhauls, brake skimming, diesel and petrol fuel injection. They also recondition diesel and petrol injectors.

Torktek also acknowledge their social

responsibility and play an active role in the community. The winner of the Castle-Fleming Trophy for Shortest Distance in Elephant Charge 2016, a Toyota Surf from team Sausage Tree, was sponsored by Torktek.

The fun-filled Elephant Charge is a family event where 4×4 enthusiasts are challenged to the brink, racing around a thrilling course in the Zambian wilderness. Organised by a committee of dedicated volunteers, this year’s Elephant Charge Torktek has this Land Cruiser to offer for a raised more than very reasonable price.

US$63 000 for conservation charities in Zambia, promoting mainly environmental education they have a Land Cruiser V8 2015 model in local communities. with 82 000 km on the clock for $58 000 on offer.

Forerunner in service Torktek offers services that never exisContact Cobus van Heerden at ted before in the automotive industry of 021-123-5429 or 097-214-1685 or Zambia to customers, but they ensure send him an e-mail to customer satisfaction with the quickest cobus@torktekltd.com for more turnaround time possible. information about Torktek, their Torktek also imports secondhand vehicles on offer and their vehicles from South Africa. Currently maintenance services.

Torktek is one of the most advanced workshops in Zambia. We specialise in vehicle service, fleet maintenance, suspensions, diagnostics, auto electrics, dyno tuning and brake skimming.

The winner of the Elephant Charge 2016 a Toyota Surf from Sausage Tree was sponsored by Torktek.

Our aim is to maintain our high quality of workmanship and to widen our services in the automotive industry. At the moment we sell good second hand Toyota vehicles.

Not only does Torktek already offers services to customers that never exist in the automotive industry of Zambia, but also ensures customer satisfaction and ensures the quickest turn around time possible.

We specialise in engine, gearboxes and differential overhauls for diesel and petrol fuel injection vehicles.

We also offer: • Reconditioning of 1KD and 2KD Toyota engine fuel injectors, unit injectors and unit pumps.

• A Toyota Land Cruiser V8, 2015 model with 82’000 km for $ 58 000 Vat included, neg.

+260 972 141 685

Plot 7250 Mukatasha Road, Lusaka, Zambia cobus@torktekltd.com

ProAgri Zambia 14

December 2016 37

38 December 2016

ProAgri Zambia 14

to advertise in

ProAgri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a

Contact: Engela du Plessis +27 12-803-0667 engela@proagri.co.za Lize du Plooy +27-803-0782 lize@proagri.co.za Stefan van Wyk +27 82-381-7563 stefan@agritrader.co.za Xander Pieterse +27 79-524-0934 xander@proagri.co.za Quintus Grobler +26 096-216-9801 quintus@proagri.co.za

ProAgri Zambia 14

December 2016 39

Yieldingtree Pullet Rearers Limited Zambia’s Finest

POINT-OF-LAY PULLETS Available from our agents countrywide Mazabuka- H.S Supplies

0213-230-184

Monze- Kandondo Stores

0213-250-105

Choma- Arupee

0213-220-004

Livingstone-Gawula Agric

0213-321-441

Kitwe/Chingola-Pineland Ranch

0955-925-486

Ndola/Luanshya – Fisenge Group 0955-434-684 Chipata- Mr Sakala

0977-251-915

For Lusaka see address below Tel: 0211-220-020 or 55 Cell: 0967-289-765 Head office: 176 Luanshya Road, Lusaka

Livestock feed and handling equipment For all your farm requisites since 1968

QUALITY PRODUCTS AT AFFORDABLE PRICES REGISTERED EXPORTERS

TANKS STANDS

• Moveable cattle pens • Bale loaders and forks • Scales and neck clamps • Hay ring feeders • Calf tilting devices

• Self feeders • Spray races • Land rollers • Drinking troughs • Loading ramps

e-mail info@nmreng.co.za / Web page www.nmreng.co.za Factory: 033-263-1056 / Fax 086-548-4790 Cell: 082-871-0123 40 December 2016

- 1.5m to 12m high for - 5kl and 10kl tanks - Engineers certificate on structures - Bolted construction for easy transport and erection

STEEL PANEL DAMS - 15 kl to 1900 kl capacity - Heights of 1.3 m, 1.9 m, 2.5 m, 3.1 m, 3.7 m and 4.9 m - Easy transport and erection - Steel dome and shading roofs - 30 years life expectancy

Visit our website at www.staalboer.co.za or phone Liz at +27 82-210-0999

ProAgri Zambia 14