Waste Management Project

WASTE MANAGEMENT

What is waste?

Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use.

Types of waste Liquid waste Liquid waste refers to all grease, oil, sludges, wash water, waste detergents and dirty water that have been thrown away. They are hazardous and poisonous to our environment and are found in industries as well as households. Wastewater, as it is often called, is any waste that exists in liquid form.

There are two categories of liquid waste: non-point and point source waste. Manufactured liquid wastes are called point source, and non-point source wastes occur naturally in our environment.

Solid Waste Solid waste is any garbage, sludge, and refuse found in industrial and commercial locations.

The five major types of solid rubbish are; Glass and Ceramics: Numerous companies readily recycle ceramics and glass. The catch here is that you have to dispose of them correctly.

Plastic waste: Plastic waste is any container, jar, bottle, and bag that is found in companies and houses. Plastics are non-biodegradable, and most of them cannot be recycled. Do not mix plastic rubbish with regular waste. Instead, sort them out before throwing them away.

Paper rubbish: This refers to all newspapers, packaging materials, cardboards, and other paper products. Paper is recyclable.

Metals and Tins: You can easily find tins and metals in homes because food containers and household materials are made from them. Most metals are recyclable, so take them to a scrap yard or recycling depot after use. You should get a skip hire and use it to transport your solid waste.

Organic Waste Organic waste refers to rotten meat, garden and food waste. This type of rubbish is commonly found in homes. With time, they decompose and turn into manure by the action of microorganisms on them.

When decomposing, organic waste produces methane, so, it must not be thrown away with regular waste.

Recyclable Waste All discarded items like metals, furniture, organic waste that can be recycled fall under this category. Not all items are recyclable, so you have to be careful when putting things into the recycle bin. If you are not sure whether an item is recyclable or not, then check the item’s packaging.

Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste includes flammable, corrosive, toxic and reactive materials. In a nutshell, they are wastes that pose a significant or potential threat to our environment.

Sinages

Waste disposal

Graphics

Segregation

Collection

Sanitation Transportation

Garbage collector

Waste treatment Solid waste management

Segregation

Rag pickers

BRAINSTORMING Safe disposal

Treatment before discharge Landfills

Selling Ragman

Vermicomposting Attitude towards garbage Diseases

Awareness

Society

How is waste collected from my area ?

Dry waste

Waste is kept in two different bins inside home

Waste collection by MCG (Miniciple Corporation Gurugram) . Happens everyday. Wet waste is kept in one side and dry on other side

WASTE

Wet waste Just two compartments of waste in trucks - dry and wet

After collection cycle Waste taken from homes by MCG people

Collects waste from 100 homes a day

Remaining which cannot be recycled goes to Gazipur, New Delhi landfill area

Then takes the waste to a land with is 1 km away

The Thefrom fromOkhla Okhlalandfill landfill various variouscompanies companies come cometototake takematerials materials totomake makerecyclable recyclable products. products.And Andrest restare are sent senttotogovernment government contracted contractedcompanies companies for forrecycling. recycling.

Then the rag pickers come to take valuable and sell them to the ragman to earn their living

Then from that land after 4 or 5 days, big trucks come to take the garbage to Okhla Phase-1 , New Delhi landfill area.

(PLEASE NOTE: INFORMATION GIVEN BY THE AREA WASTE COLLECTOR)

SOCIETY WASTE COLLECTOR

Saahas Ngo Started by a lady who was a tourist guide by profession. Like to travel and loves India for it's beauty. But what pinched her was the garbage all around. She decided to open an NGO and her friends helped in the investment and later on she got more helping hands from thereon.

Saahas Zero Waste Started as an NGO in 2001, Saahas has over the past decade evolved into a for-profit business under the brand name of Saahas Zero Waste. The Bengaluru-based startup, backed by Indian Angel Networks and Upaya Social Ventures, today caters to clients from Bengaluru and Chennai. The social enterprise has diverted over 15,000 tonnes of waste from reaching landfills, and currently prevents 25 tonnes of waste from reaching dump yards on a daily basis.

Read more at: https://yourstory.com/2017/11/waste-management-startups

Box 8 meals Packaging In addition to being visually stunning, are reusable and 100% recyclable. From the card-stock sleeve that holds everything together, the boxes and meal trays, right down to the spoon. Here’s a little more about the materials used.

Recyclable Grade 5 (PP) – All BOX8 containers are made using recyclable food grade plastic. Just flip over your meal box and tray.The boxes are safe for food and microwave safe. However, the box can be microwaved once and should not be used as a microwavable container for subsequent use. All spoons you get with your meals can be recylced as well.

Recycled paper: All our paper boxes and meal tray sleeves are made with 100% recycled paper and can be recycled as well.

Reusable containers– All boxes from BOX8 can be used for storage of dry food and other ingredients.

One of our BOX8 users who is a gardening enthusiast, used it to even grow her plants!

Vending Machines for Waste collection

Landfill Gas Energy

Under the anaerobic (oxygen free) conditions of landfill sites, organic waste is broken down by micro-organisms, leading to the formation of landfill gas (LFG). LFG is a gaseous mixture which consists mostly of methane and carbon dioxide, but also of a small amount of hydrogen and occasionally trace levels of hydrogen sulphide. LFG capture projects aim at preventing the emissions of methane and other pollutants from landfills.

The basic idea behind the technology is that the landfills are covered (e.g. by a layer of earth) and that LFG is extracted from landfills using a series of wells and a blower/flare (or vacuum) system. This system directs the collected gas to a central point where it can be processed and treated depending upon the ultimate use of the gas. From this point, the gas can be simply flared (thereby converting methane into CO2) or used to generate electricity and/or heat, replace fossil fuels in industrial and manufacturing operations, or fuel greenhouse operations.

The gas could also be upgraded (purified) to natural gas standards.

Waste Management by Rag pickers India’s massive reserve of ragpickers – their numbers are estimated between 1.5 million and 4 million; Delhi itself has over 500,000.

They live in extreme poverty, with no sanitation, less food and unhealthy environment.

Ragpickers sustain themselves by collecting, sorting and segregating waste and then trading it. In doing so, they help clean up a significant proportion of the 62 million tonnes of waste generated annually in India.

Ragpickers across India work without any job security, salary and dignity and are also exposed to adverse health effects like infections, respiratory diseases and tuberculosis.

They are regularly exposed to cuts, infections, respiratory diseases and tuberculosis apart from poverty, humiliation, harassment, and sexual abuse on the streets.

India will, in another couple of decades, generate nearly thrice the waste it currently does “165 million tonnes by 2030 and 450 million tonnes by 2050”.

(PLEASE NOTE: INFORMATION SOURCE IS https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/waste-management-ragpickerstragic-story-behind-indias-informal-sector-7507/

Micro-organisms in Landfill

Micro - organisms

Air

Soil

Solid Waste

Bacteria

Bacillus subtilis Flavobacterium spp.

Staphylococcus spp.

Micrococcus spp.

Clostridium spp Serratia spp.

Bacillus megaterium Staphylococcus spp.

Micrococcus spp.

Streptococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Flavobacterium spp.

Enterobacter spp.

Bacillus spp.

Klebsiella pneumoniae Escherichia coli Streptococcus spp.

Aspergillus fumigatus Penicillium spp.

Fungi

Penicillium spp.

Cladosporium spp.

Fusarium spp.

Mucor spp.

Aspergillus niger Alternaria spp

INFORMATION SOURCE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947139_Solidwaste_Management_and_role_of_rag_pickers

Diseases by Micro-organisms Micro - organisms

Bacteria

Possible symptoms and diseases

Bacillus megaterium - Ear infections to meningitis, urinary tract infections Bacillus subtilis Clostridium spp. - Wide variety of human infections or illnesses: brain abscess, pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess, cholecystitis, bacteraemia, tetanus, diarrhoea Enterobacter spp. - Bacteraemia, lower respiratory tract infection, skin infection, urinary tract infections, ophthalmic infections, largely endotoxin produced, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis Escherichia coli - Urinary tract infections (urethra, bloody diarrhoea and kidney failure), intestinal diseases and meningitis in newborns Flavobacterium spp. - Cotton-wool disease, bacterial gill disease (BGD), bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), serious bacterial disease Klebsiella pneumoniae - Mammalian mucosal surfaces, urinary tract, osteomyelitis Micrococcus spp. - Human skin disease, blood sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis Streptococcus spp. - Nose infections, fish pathogens, teeth and gums near loss Streptococcus faecalis Serratia spp. - Human intestine infection, urinary tract, wound and blood-stream infections, human nosocomial infections, pneumonia Staphylococcus spp. - Toxic shock syndrome

INFORMATION SOURCE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947139_Solidwaste_Management_and_role_of_rag_pickers

Stray animals in dumping yards Animals

No. per day

Pigs

450

Dogs

45

Cows

25

Crows

150

Kites

45

INFORMATION SOURCE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947139_Solidwaste_Management_and_role_of_rag_pickers

Questionnaire for Rag pickers Q1.What is your age?

Q2. Are you educated?

Q3. Where do you sell your collections of the day? Regularly to a single place then why?

Q4. How much money do you get for a day?

Q5. From where do you collect rag?

Q6. What all do you collect as rag?

Q7. Do you go to landfills to collect waste?

Q8. Do you know that collection from open waste land is hazardous for your health?

Q9.What do you wear while collecting garbage from landfills?

Q10. Have you faced any disease because of collecting garbage?

Q11.How much waste do you collect in a day?

Some People Interviewed

Analysis of the Questionnaire AGE

People interviewed 10

EDUCATION

0

10%

w2

30%

Belo

40 - 50

e

50

a

nd

10%

No Education

Till 10th Till 5th

v bo

a

30 - 40 20 - 30

30%

20% 80%

10%

10%

SELL TO WHOM

EARNINGS OF THE DAY

PLACES OF COLLECTION

Earnings of the day

110 105

100%

Rag Man

Nearby areas Roads Empty plots Dustbins Street food carts Footpath Vegetable sellers Markets Landfills

100 95 90 85 80 75 70 2

1

1

1

4

No. people earning

1

CLOTHES WHILE WASTE COLLECTION

DISEASES

Skin allergies Asthma Dirty and Torn clothes

Whooping cough Liver illness Mixed illness

Rubber chappals

COLLECTED AS RAG

WASTE COLLECTION OF A DAY (per person)

12 kg(min) 14 kg(max)

Plastic bottle Glass bottle Metal waste

Tyres

Cardboard waste Paper waste

Some Facts Ragpickers in India account for 1.5 to 4 million

2030 India will generate 165 tonns

2050 India will generate 450 tonns

India generates 62 million tonns of waste every year

70% Waste is collected by municiple bodies by door to door collection process

30% Waste is collected by ragpickers from streets, empty lands, drainage systems and parks

My Idea of Segregation of products

-

Organic Waste

Paper Waste

Metal Waste

Plastic Waste

Hazardeous Waste

Medical Waste DANGER

E-Waste

+

BATTERY

Glass Waste

In which bin the product will be disposed will be told by thedot available on the product itself

My Idea of Segregation of waste by households Metal

Bones

Broken utencils Paper

Batteries Plastic

Tea leaves

Meat

Kitchen waste

Cardboard waste

Dry Waste

Wet Waste

Fruits

Decrease the work of the waste collectors Less time consuming by the rag pickers

Medical Waste

My Idea for awareness AWARENESS

SOCIETY

RAGPICKERS

NGO

Cleaner surroundings

Cleaner surroundings

Upliftment in the society

Segregation of waste

Healthy environment

Working for humanity

Working for humanity

Working for humanity

Vaccination to children

City cleaners not ragpickers

City cleaners not ragpickers

Free from malnutrition

Live in poverty, no sanitation, misused, no food and illness

Live in poverty, no sanitation, misused, no food and illness

Connecting them to recycling units for fair payments

Working without recoganition

Working without recoganition Starting toll free numbers

Seperated from society Toll free numbers

Believe in us we are working for your betterment and upliftment in society

Clothes donation from people

Changes in lives after this system CHANGES

SOCIETY

RAGPICKERS

NGO

Cleaner surroundings

Better future to children

Upliftment in the society

Healthy environment

Educating them

Working for humanity

City cleaners

Hygenic betterment

Connecting them to recycling units

Don’t seperate them from society

Free from malnutrition

Toll free numbers if you see any ragpicker every at single place

Connection to more recycling units

More people donating for society More NGO’s comming up

Upliftment in society Upliftment in living Tool makes it easier to collect

STORY OF EVERY RAGPICKER

boards and streets campaigns on story garbageand throwing People Small littering them and spreading diseases to many

Rag picker goes to the landfills and comes in contact with bacterias and germs.

Rag picker comes to collect recyclable waste.

Cleans most part of the streets.

The stinky smell from the rag pickers and dirty clothes make them apart from the society.

This is a site of a landfill where there are germs and bacterias that can make anyone ill.

They get ill and still work for the society to earn a living. Left without medical treatment.

2030 India will generate 165 tonns

2050 India will generate 450 tonns

30% Waste is collected by ragpickers from streets, empty lands, drainage systems and parks

CITY CLEANERS It’s not the society It’s the mentality Lives in pover�� with no water, sanitation, food and medical t�eat�ent

LOT OF WASTE GENERATION WHO WILL COLLECT FROM STREETS????

City Cleaner Work of humanit�

Without recoganition

Seperated from societ�

Seg�egaters of waste

Cleaners

Educating

Suppor�ing

Helping

CITY CLEANERS If they can do so much for the societ� then why cannot we do

Tools for collection

Proper clothing

Immunization

Medical t�eat�ents

Proper sanitation

Promotion of tools for easy cleaning CITY CLEANERS