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7-6-2020

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rtko d l Ä ta&SU&yfrS? aerif; xí umv ,mOfom? pD;eif;umvQif taemufrSmvQif 0ifcJhNyD/ Ä aeYpOf aeYpOf? aerif;&Sifvnf; t0iftxGuf? 0wfrysufcJh/ Ä owåavmu? Moumo[k avmuwkdYudk? rmeNzdKvsuf &ifhtkdvmrI? vHkYvjyKvnf; olUrSm rtkdEkdifcJhNyD/

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jrefrmheef;wGif;obifrS eD*½dk;rif;om; (3) þwGifeD*½dk; rif;om;onf a&Ttqif;&Sdaom rif;om; pefaomif[k od&NyD; ,if;rSm ,dk;',m; Zmwfjzpfonf/ tm,k'¨,rSvmaom Zmwfvrf; jzpfonfhtjyif]]rlaygif;70ausm}f }&So d nf[lí od& onf/ aESmif;acwf befaumufwGiu f aom a½Tc½k Zmwfvrf;ESifh rEÅav;&wemykHeef;wGif;obifwGif uaom a½Tc½kZmwfvrf; rwlrSmu aocsmonf/ ok&Yd mwGif &wemykaH cwf eef;wGi;f obifü ,k;d ',m; okHYyef;rsm;uaom a½Tc½kZmwfvrf;onf tm,k'¨, rl ( Zmwf v rf ; )jzpf o nf / þa½T c ½k y k H j yif o nf tm,k'¨,rwnfcif(c&pf 1351)xkdxuftvsif aomuú wJacwfxJu&Sad eaom a&S;a[mif;ykHjyif[k od&onf/ þc½krzS mG ;aom a½Trif;om;ykjH yifonf wdbuf -b*Fvm;-tdE, ´d ESihf ta&SUawmiftm½SEkid if rH sm;wGif vnf; toD;oD;&SdMuonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGifum; rMum;bl;yg/ okaYd omf &Sm&ygOD;rnf 1976ckEpS w f iG f vef'efokYd wifoGi;f aom 0DvD,efBudKU\pm 895yg ]]pefaomifykHjyif avhvmcsufpmwrf;}} Sang Thong: ''A Study in Modes of Composition with an English Translation of the Rama II Text''. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London by William Kuo. School of Oriental, and. African Studies. 1976

txufyg-yg&*lbUJG ,u l sr;f wGif tcsut f vuf rsm;&SmazGygonf/ befaumuftrsdK;om;pmMunfh wdkuw f iG f xde;f odr;f xm;aom ayrl-yk&yku d rf l-ykHEydS f rl tm;vkH;ukd avhvm EIid ;f ,SOaf &;om;xm;onfrSm aemufvu l olx Y ufpv kH ifatmifa&;zkrYd vG,af wmhyg/ tzkd;twefqkH;rSm befaumufbk&if &mr2(c&pf 1809-1824ckESpf)(,ck 10)topfjyKjyifa&;om; xm;aom crf;em;onfh rlopf(a&;NyD;wmESpf&m ausmf ) uk d awG U &S d & jcif ; jzpf o nf / &mr2onf pmayuAsm tEkynmuk, d w f kid pf yfqkEd kdio f l ynm&Sif BuD;jzpfonf/ ,aeY ,dk;',m;jynfwiG f ujyaeaom &mr-tDaemif ZmwfawmfBuD;wGif tokH;jyKaom oDcsi;f -ikcd si;f Zmwfpmpum;wkYrd Sm &mr2\vuf&m

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ok"Ek-a'G;r,faemf Zmwfordki;f aMumif;okawoe}} pmtkyfwGifjzpfonf/ ukdNidrf;ausmf\tqkdt& ]]þ ig\aumif;rI ukodkvfukd zsufpD;olonf okrærdwf rif;BuD;uJhokdY cspaf om om;r,m;aqGrsKd ;wkYdESihfuGJí 0rf;enf;ao apownf;}}[k(t"dymÜ ,fa&mufonfu h sed pf muk)d yk*H bk&m;wpfql\ausmufpmtqkH;wGif usdefpmwkduf xm;onf(OD;Nidr;f armif\ausmufpm-'kwiG v f nf;yg onf)/ c&pfEpS f 1265ckEpS af usmufpmxk;d í used pf Of u (Zif;r,fNrdKUBuD;yifrwnf&ao;ay)/ xkYad Mumifh ]]Zif;r,f yPÖmo}}onf Zif;r,fjzpfusr;f r[kwf (yk*aH cwfjzpfusr;f wpfapmifjzpfonf)[k ukNd idr;f ausmf ajymonf/ xkaYd Mumifyh if þrSmjzpfusr;f rS aysmufq;kH oGm;aom Zmwfwpfckukd [kdbufoGm;&Smwmjzpf onf/ [kdbufu jrufoGm;pm;aom Copy cow r[kw&f yg/ ESpzf uf,Ofaus;rIwu Ykd u kd m;wifjy&rnf jzpfonf/ ukNd idr;f ausmo f nf okawoetvGeo f efonf/ 1986ckEpS f 'DZifbmv-pmayAdrmef-,Ofaus;rIXme wGif zwfMum;aomuRefawmfh\]]jrefrmh½kyaf o;½kyf cE¨maA'zGJYpnf;ykH avhvmcsufpmwrf;}}ukd jrefrmh toHü ukNd idr;f ausm½f ku d Ef ydS o f nf/ wjcm;pmwrf;rsm; ½dkuEf ydS af e&ípufrsm;rtm;Mu/ xkad Mumifh cifrif&m

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jrefrmhtoHwGif ½dkufESdyf&jcif;jzpfonf/ tif;pdef&Sd ukNd idr;f ausmt f rd o f v Ykd nf;a&mufonf/ olw Y iG f t&uf aMumifh tonf;uRr;f aeNyD/wuúov kd af rmifarmifBuD; trnfjzifh pmwrf;wpfapmifa&;onf/ w½kwjf ynf okaYd pvTwaf om oHtzGUJ EiS v hf u kd yf goGm;aom ysLaw; *DwtzGJU\ *DwoHpOfrsm;ukd urÇmokH;*DwoauFw vu©Pmrsm;jzifhukdNidrf;ausmfu a&;oGm;&m wuú okv d yf nm ya'om t,f'w D mtzGUJ u bmvky&f rSe;f rod(ykEH ydS &f rvm;-y,f&rvm;rod)4ESpMf um qkid ;f iHh aepOf jrefrm*Dwukd t*Fvyd v f kt d ywfpOf toHvTihf aeaom q&mBuD;]]au}}u axmufcHojzifh ykHESyd f jzpfoGm;onf/ ysLoHpOfrsm;ukd b,fES,fhvkyfodo enf;/ ukdNidrf;ausmf uG,fvGefoGm;ojzihf rar; vkduf&yg/ c&pf 2006ckESpfwGif yDwmpuD;vif;qkdolu ]]Zmwu50}}ukd okawoepmwrf;a&;om;onf ukd zwf½aI vhvm&ygonf/ A[kokwyGm;&ef tcsuf tvufpx kH kwEf kwaf &;om;wifjyEdkiv f Qif aumif;rnf xifjrifrdygonf/ &nfñTef;usrf; "Jataka and Pyinnyasa Jatakas in Southeast Asia" by Peter Skilling, p.113-174, The Journal of The Pali Text Society, vol. XXVIII(2006)


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7-6-2020

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7-6-2020

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7-6-2020

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7-6-2020 by mandalaydailynewspaper - Issuu