《王道月刊》康德八十八年6月期國旗專刊

ᆋᬊ඀֜

康德八十八年 六月刊 國旗專刊

《ᆋᬊ඀֜》編委會成員（以姓氏之羅馬化轉寫爲序） 土門龍三郎 浩尼 洪陽 沛公 五十一

《王道月刊》康德八十八年六月期 康德八十八年六月 北美合衆國

協和會是與滿洲國共生的全國性組織，是唯一無窮護持建國精神、

訓練國民並實現建國理想的，思想的、教化的、政治的實踐組織體。

釋放滿洲帝國國民、關東州人王展！

滿洲帝國協和會深度參與、支持的 逆統戰䖂游，經過兩年的準備，終於在 上年 8 月 17 日公開！

中國政府立即釋放滿洲國人！

支那から拉致された満洲国の英雄に心よ りお見舞い申し上げます！

凡滿洲國人皆應瞭解國旗之含義 國旗相關法令 大同元年三月一日政府布告第三號《國旗制度布告》 大同二年三月一日國務院布告第三號《解釋國旗意義》 康德二年六月國務院總務廳情報處《滿洲國國旗考》 康德三年五月二十五日國務院布告第一號《懸掛國旗之方式》 康德五年六月三十日民生部訓令第一二八號《關於國旗掲揚方法之件》

滿洲帝國國歌 神光開宇宙 表裏山河壯皇猷

おほみひかり あめつちにみち

帝德之隆 巍巍蕩蕩莫與儔

帝德は たかくたふとし

永受天祐兮 萬壽無疆薄海謳

とよさかの 萬寿ことほぎ

仰贊天業兮 輝煌日月侔

あまつみわざ あふぎまつらむ

協和會員需熟知的協和會最基本制度

康德三年七月二十一日會令第一號《滿洲帝國協和會章程》

康德四年八月二日會令第十五號《滿洲帝國協和會會員規則》

康德四年八月二日會令第十六號《關於分會之規則》

康德四年十二月十五日中央本部訓令第一七一號《關於分會組織第二條之 分會規則準則制定》

康德五年一月四日中央本部令第三號《滿洲帝國協和會會員細則》

康德八十五年七月二十一日會令第一號《滿洲帝國協和會流亡憲章》

康德八十七年三月一日會令第三號《關於分會組織之規則之第三條於流亡 時期施行之件》

康德八十七年三月一日中央本部訓令第一號《關於分會組織之規則第二條 之分會規則準則制定於流亡時期施行之件》

目錄 滿洲國法令欄目：國旗相關法令三連發 《國旗制度䆋告》

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（大同元年三月一日政府䆋告第三號）

《解釋國旗意義》

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（大同二年三月一日國務院䆋告第三號）

《滿洲國國旗考》

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（康德二年六月國務院總務廳情報處）

國旗制度和國旗意義講解文： 《白話講解滿洲國國旗之含義》

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作者：國務院總務廳

英文版：《白話講解滿洲國國旗之含義》 The Meaning of Manchoukuo National Flag in Plain English

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作者：國務院總務廳 (the General Affairs Board of the State Council)

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大同元年三月一日

政府䆋告第三號

國旗制度布告 滿洲國國旗，定爲五色旗，地用黃色，旗之左上角用紅藍白黑四色，佔全旗 四分之一。此䆋。 附 旗式如左

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國務總理

孝胥

大同二年三月一日

國務院䆋告第三號

解釋國旗意義 爲䆋告事。查我滿洲國國旗，定爲五色，早經通告全國。兹就國旗意義，解 釋如左。凡我國人，宜共喻之。此䆋。 釋 國 旗 青爲東方，紅爲南方，白爲西方，黑爲北方，黃爲中央。以中央行政統馭四 方之義。

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釋 曰 古者有九旗之制，而無國旗之制。周禮所載及國大閲司馬頒旗物，王建大常， 諸侯建旂。是軍禮郊禮之旗也。禮記所載有

氏之旂、 夏后氏之綏，殷之大白，

周之大赤，是春蒐秋䚞之麾也。雖然大常之旣爲王旗，是旗所建，諸侯来朝， 四夷帖服，莫不皆述其 其體一也。秦

事而仰其德。然則当時大常

以降，王禮盡廢，旌旗専爲軍

之

今日國旗。王旗、 國旗， ，所謂青龍、白仲、朱

雀、元武之屬，皆爲兵家所亂。五行讖緯之說、奇門伿甲之術，各競幻詭於 蛇鳥風雲之上，而旌旗古制，不復見於世者，二千餘年於此矣。及皇清解海禁， 與列國立通商惠工之約，始用黄龍旗定爲國旗，於日取其恒照之德，於龍取 其變化之神，可謂深探其 取之

而大明其用也。今我滿洲國之新制國旗，其體則

五土之

稷之義，其用則取之王道之功。蓋國之爲國，無重於

稷。

所以祭

，稷所以祀五穀之神，穀非土不生，土非穀不顯。是故聖王始建其

國，爲百姓立

稷，以祀建國之神，采山林、川澤、丘陵、墳衍、原隰五土，

東方青色，南方赤色，西方白色，北方黑色，中覆黃土，用象中色順壹之德， 充内外，撫綏四方，治平天下。自三代後獨有是制，不泯尤爲開國創業之崇 典，迺取其義表之，以爲我滿洲國國旗。願與三千萬民

咸有一德，昭其敬，

宣光世界，永傳萬䝀。

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滿洲國國旗考 國務院總務廳情報處 康德二年六月

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白話講解滿洲國國旗的含義 國務院總務廳 爲了標榜國家及國體於全世界，世界各國家均有國旗，。一個國家，以 國旗作為國家的表徵。國旗代表國家，昭示國籍，發揚國權，發揚一個國家 所有的偉大精神與使命。 滿洲國國旗，在大同元年三月一日建國的時候就已經確定了，一直傳承 至今。滿洲國國旗，共有五色組成，旗地爲黃色，旗左上角由紅藍白黑四色 組成，各占四分之一。滿洲國國旗如下圖：

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我滿蒙新國家̶​̶滿洲國之五色國旗，是滿蒙新國家獨立自由之象徵， 是滿洲國建國精神的表現，受到全體滿洲國人的喜愛和擁護。我國五色國 旗，隨著滿洲國外交事業的大發展，亦廣傳於世界。在康德十二年即西元 一九四五年，滿洲帝國與當時世界上三分之一的國家相互承認并有正式的外 交關係。即使在康德八年十二月與英美等西側同盟國的戰爭爆發之後，皇帝 陛下政府依然保證英美等西側同盟國人民的財產和生命安全在滿洲帝國領域 内不受侵犯，與和平時期無異。滿洲國的五色國旗，也隨著滿洲國親仁善鄰、 創建道義世界的建國精神，在我國諸盟邦中受到廣汎的歡迎。 康德十二年八月，滿洲全土淪陷。在淪陷七十五年後的今天，滿洲帝國 復國運動

勃發展。而我國内同胞和外國人民，對我國國旗的含義以及正確

使用方法的認知多有

誤。國務院總務廳，現基於在滿洲帝國流亡政府樹立

之前就已經存在了的康德皇帝統治時制定的關於國旗的以上三部法令，講讀 滿洲國國旗的含義，以正視聽，去僞存真，正本清源。 左圖爲“國旗色旗袍” 因滿洲國法令對國旗 圖案的使用有嚴格規 定，故不能隨意直接 以國旗圖案製作衣物。

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滿洲國國旗含義 大同元年三月一日，是滿洲國建國的日子。當日，我國政府頒行了大同 元年三月一日政府䆋告第三號《國旗制度䆋告》 ，制定了國旗樣式，但尚未 提及國旗含義。因爲我國國旗與北洋政府時期（1912-1928）的中華民國的 國旗長相和顔色相似，所以很多不明真相的人把滿洲國旗的 五色 ，理解 成了滿洲國 五族 的代表。他們認爲： 黃色、紅色、藍色、白色和黑色， 各代表 滿族 、 漢族 、 蒙古族 、 大和族 和 朝鮮族 ，象徵 五族協和 ， 四個 族群 在 滿族 的統治下攜手建設滿洲國。 此言看似有理，實則曲解， 是歪曲我國國旗含義的邪説。滿洲國國旗之五色象徵五族協和

一邪説，在

民間頗有影響。很多人就此認爲，滿洲國五色旗意味著 其他 四族 在 滿族 的統治下建設滿洲國 ，全然不顧 滿族

漢族

蒙古族 等中華民國造出

來的所謂僞 族群 概念在建國之後就被我們國父們放棄使用

一歷史事實。

種邪説是在給五色國旗抹黑，更是在給五色國旗所象徵的滿洲國建國精神 抹黑。 在康德皇帝統治滿洲國時，國務院頒䆋了多部法令，明確規定了滿洲國 國旗的含義，以及懸挂國旗的方式等注意事項。

些法令中從無提到五色旗

之五色象徵滿洲國國内的任何族群或種族。我國國旗含義的第一次官方確定 及講解，是在大同二年，由我們敬愛的國務總理

孝胥親自 寫的大同二年

三月一日國務院䆋告第三號《解釋國旗意義》。

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國務總理大臣鄭孝胥 先國務總理大臣

孝胥，在《解釋國旗意義》中，闡釋了滿洲國國旗在

東方歷史上的意義就是伭復了先秦時天子的王旗，以此與秦政以來二千年的 1

䨴䨼支那歷史劃清界綫。

總理講明了滿洲國國旗中五色的意義：青色代表

東方，紅色代表南方，白色代表西方，黑色代表北方，黃色則代表中央，以 象徵中央行政統御四方。

總理指出，滿洲國國旗象徵著王道和社稷。衆所

周知，滿洲國以王道立國，建國精神首在王道。

總理在文中多次對比三代

與秦政以來二千餘年歷史的根本區別，明示滿洲國國旗制度是三代以後東亞 大陸上獨有的制度，是 開國創業之崇典 ，意在强調滿洲國尊行的王道是 先秦時代的真王道，不是支那自秦政後二千餘載所用的假 王道 。真王道 與惟神之道一致，兩者一體。因此，滿洲國國旗象徵著王道，自然亦象徵著 神道。總而言之，滿洲國國旗的意義，就是滿洲國以王道立國、滿洲國建國 淵源發於神道之大精神̶​̶

是滿洲國建國精神之中的首條。

1 青色即大同元年三月一日政府䆋告第三號《國旗制度䆋告》中的藍色。

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康德二年六月，國務院總務廳情報處發䆋了《滿洲國國旗考》 。《滿洲國 國旗考》又名《滿洲國國旗「王道由國旗發揚」》 ，更加詳細地闡釋了滿洲國 國旗的意義，再次强調了滿洲國國旗的意義是王道之大精神。 滿洲國旗以旗地四分之三爲黃色，其左肩（canton）之四分之一，依次 爲相同大小的赤、青、白、黑四色。黃色爲中央之土，表現化育萬物、統制 四方之王者之仁德̶​̶也就是滿洲帝國皇帝之德，意味著融和、博愛、大同、 親善。其他四色象徵四方。最上位之赤色爲火，屬南方，象徵誠實、真伨、 熱情諸德；青色爲木，屬東方，象徵青春、神聖等；白色爲金，屬西方，象 徵平白、純真、公義等；最下位之黑色爲水，屬北方，象徵堅忍、不拔諸德。 如斯五行相據，方位相立，諸德相結，則天下之運行圓滿。土、火、木、金、 水之中，土若不生，火、木、金、水則不立。於我國亦如此。若帝德不在， 則諸德皆無從談起，致安居樂業之德治亦成空談。因此，建國之初擇此五色， 按順序配置爲國旗，以黃色佔有全體之四分之三，即强調以王道主義統治之 精神也。滿洲國以王道立國，尊行的王道是真王道，不是支那的假 王道 。 真王道與神道一致，兩者一體。滿洲國建國的淵源發於惟神之道，莫不皆賴 天照大神之神䓀、日本帝國天皇陛下之保佑。天照大神照徹六合化育萬物之 御神德是日本帝國天皇之德的根源。滿洲帝國皇帝既然與日本帝國天皇精神 如一體，天照大神之御神德自然亦是滿洲帝國皇帝之德的根源。天照大神之 御神德統率諸德，帝德因此統率諸德。滿洲國國旗的黃色表現帝德，紅、藍、 白、黑四色表現諸德。如是德性相結，黃色既佔有全體之四分之三，乃强調 以天照大神化育萬物之御神德爲根源的帝德在諸德中的統率作用。言而總之， 滿洲國國旗的意義，就是位列滿洲國建國精神之首的王道、神道的大精神。 滿洲國國旗之含義如是。 國務院總務廰 康德八十八年六月十四日 19

The Meaning of Manchoukuo National Flag in Plain English Author: the General Affairs Board of the State Council

Every nation in the world has a national flag in order to manifest the nation and its kokutai to the world. The national flag is set as a symbol of the nation. The national flag represents the nation, reveals its nationality, carries forward its national sovereignty, and carries forward the great spirit and mission of a nation.

The picture below is the National Flag of Manchoukuo. It is a five-colour flag made of Yellow, Red, Blue, White and Black. The ground of the flag is yellow. And the canton is made up of red, blue, white and black (in the order from top to bottom) stripes. Together, these four equally sized stripes take ¼ space of the entire flag. The National Flag of Manchoukuo was established when the nation was founded on 1 March 1932 (the first year of Tatung/Taidou), and it has been passed down to today.

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The five-colour National Flag of Manchoukuo is a symbol of the independence and freedom of Manchuria, and a manifestation of the Founding Spirits of Manchoukuo, and is loved and championed by all Manchoukuoans. With the great development of Manchoukuo’s diplomacy, our five-colour National Flag has been also widely spread around the world. By Kangteh/Koutoku 12 (AD 1945), the Empire of Manchou and one-third of the states across the world at that time had recognized each other and had formal diplomatic relations. Even after the outbreak of the war with the United Kingdom, the United States and other Western Allies in December of Kangteh/Koutoku 8 (AD 1941), His Imperial Majesty’s Government was still guaranteeing that the property and lives of the people of the United Kingdom or the United States or other Western Allies would not be violated in the territory of Manchoutikuo, which was the same as in peacetime. The five-colour National Flag of Manchoukuo has also been widely welcomed among the allies of our nation along with the Manchoukuo Founding Spirits of being benevalent and friendly to neighbors and creating the Moral World.

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In August of Kangteh/Koutoku 12 (AD 1945), the entire territory of Manchuria fell to enemy occupation. Today, as seventy-five years after the fall to enemy occupation, the Restoration Movement of Manchoutikuo has been flourishing. However, our compatriots and foreign people have many misunderstandings about the meaning and the correct use of our National Flag. The General Affairs Board of the State Council, based on the above three laws and ordinanaces on the National Flag made during the reign of Emperor Kangteh/ Koutoku, which had already existed before the establishment of His Imperial Majesty’s Government of Manchuria in Exile, hereby explains and elaborates the meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo.

The figure to the left shows the “ Banner Gown with the Colours of the Manchoukuo National Flag” .

Manchoukuo has strict laws that regulate the usage of the pattern of our national flag.

Therefore, making garment directly with the pattern of the national flag is prohibited.

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The Meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo March 1st of Tatung/Taidou 1 (AD 1932) marks the day when Manchoukuo was founded. On the same day, the Government of our nation promulgated the Government Announcement No. 3 of March 1st of Tatung/Taidou 1 National Flag, and established the Manchoukuo National Flag, but the meaning of the National Flag had not yet been mentioned. Because our National Flag is similar in appearance and colour to the national flag of the Republic of China during the period of the Peiyang Government (1912-1928), many people who do not know the truth wrongfully regard the “five colours” of the Manchoukuo National Flag as a representative of the “five main ethnic groups” of Manchuria. They think: “the five colours represent the ‘five main ethnicities of Manchukuo’: yellow for ‘Manchu’, red for ‘Han’, blue for ‘Mongolians’, white for ‘Japanese’ and black for ‘Koreans’, that ‘five ethnicities’ live in harmony in one nation, under the ‘Manchu’ rule (that is why they said yellow is the colour of the ground and takes most space). ” This statement seems reasonable, but in fact it is a misunderstanding. It is iniquitous and distorts the meaning of our National Flag. The fallacy of “five colours of the national flag of Manchukuo symbolizing the harmony of the five ethnicities” is quite influential among the people, and thus many people think that the five-colour National Flag of Manchoukuo means that “the other ‘four tribes’ will build Manchukuo under the rule of the‘Manchu’.” This false thought about Manchoukuo National Flag is harmful and completely disregards the historical fact 23

that the so-called and fake “ethnicities” such as “Manchu”, “Han”, and “Mongolian” were created by the Republic of China. This false thought about our National Flag also disregards the historical fact that the concepts of these fake “ethnicities” had been quickly abandoned by our founding fathers after the founding of Manchoukuo.

This fallacy is discrediting our five-colour National Flag, and even more so, discrediting the Founding Spirits of Manchoukuo, which are symbolized by our five-colour National Flag.

When Emperor Kangteh/Koutoku ruled Manchoukuo, the State Council issued a number of laws and ordinances, clearly stipulating the meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo, and the way of flying the National Flag and other precautions. These laws or ordinances never mentioned that the five colours of our five-colour National Flag could symbolize any ethnic group or race in Manchoukuo. The first official establishment and explanation of the meaning of the National Flag is the State Council Announcement No. 3 of March 1 of Tatung/Taidou 2 The Explanation of the Meaning of the National Flag written by our beloved Prime Minister Cheng Hsiaohsu himself on March 1st of Tatung 2 (AD 1933).

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Prime Minister Cheng Hsiao-hsu The former Prime Minister Cheng Hsiao-hsu, in the Explanation of the Meaning of the National Flag, has expounded that the significance of the National Flag of Manchoukuo in East Asia history is having restored the Standard of the Son of Heaven from the preChin period so as to segregate from the squalid Chinese history of two thousand years since Chin Empire. Prime Minister Cheng has clearly explained the meaning of the five colours in the National Flag of Manchoukuo: the blue represents the east, the red represents the south, the white represents the west, the black represents the north, and the yellow represents the central, to symbolize the central administration governing everywhere nationwide.

Prime Minister Cheng has pointed out that the National Flag of Manchoukuo symbolizes the Kingly Way ( 王道 , pronounced as

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wang-tao in Manchurian or waudau in Manchoukuo Japanese or oudou in current Japan’s Japanese) and the Soil and Grain ( 社稷 , pronounced as she-tsi in Manchurian or syasyoku in Manchoukuo Japanese or shashoku in current Japan’s Japanese). As is known to all, Manchoukuo has been founded based on the Kingly Way, and the Founding Spirits of Manchoukuo lies first on the Kingly Way. In his text, Prime Minister Cheng has repeatedly compared the fundamental difference between the pre-Chin period and the more than two thousand years of history since the Chin Empire, clearly stating that the establishment of Manchoukuo National Flag is unique on the East Asian Continent after the pre-Chin period, in order to emphazise that the Kingly Way that Manchoukuo respectfully follows and practises is the true Kingly Way from pre-Chin Era rather than the false “kingly way” practised by China for more than two thousand years since Chin Empire. The true Kingly Way and the Kami Way ( 神道 ,pronounced as shen-tao in Manchurian or shintau/ shindau in Manchoukuo Japanese or shintou/shindou in current Japan’s Japanese, known as Shinto in today's English) are the same, the two are one. Therefore, the National Flag of Manchoukuo symbolizes the Kingly Way, and naturally also symbolizes the Kami Way. All in all, the meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo is the great spirit of Manchoukuo being founded based on the Kingly Way and originated from the Kami Way, which is the first in the Founding Spirits of Manchoukuo.

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In June of Kangteh/Koutoku 2 (AD 1935), the Information Bureau of the General Affairs Board of the State Council issued the Study of the National Flag of Manchoukuo. Study of the National Flag of Manchoukuo, also known as the National Flag of Manchoukuo, the Kingly Way is Carried Forward by the Flag, has explained in more detail the meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo, and once again emphasizes that the meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo is the great spirit of the Kingly Way. The National Flag of Manchoukuo has the flag ground (three quarters) as yellow, and the flag canton (one quarter at the top left) is composed of red, blue, white, and black of the same size.

The five colours used in the design of the National Flag of Manchoukuo all have deep meanings in the traditional Asian “Five Elements” ( 五行 , pronounced as wu-hsing in Manchurian or gogyau in Manchoukuo Japanese or gogyou in current Japan’s Japanese)，“Five Bearings” ( 五方 , pronounced as wu-fang in Manchurian or gofau in Manchoukuo Japanese or gohou in current Japan’s Japanese), and “Five Moralities” ( 五 德 , pronounced as wu-teh in Manchurian or gotoku in Manchoukuo

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Japanese and current Japan’s Japanese) cultures. These five colours correspond to the “Five Bearings” on Earth, the “Five Elements” in nature, and the “Five Moralities” in human society. The yellow represents the central ( 中央 , pronounced as chung-yang in Manchurian or tyuuau in Manchoukuo Japanese or chuuou in current Japan’s Japanese), the earth ( 土 , pronounced as tu in Manchurian or do in Manchoukuo Japanese and current Japan’s Japanese), and the virtue of Kingly Humanity ( 王者之仁德 in Manchurian, pronounced as wang-che-chih-jen-te in Manchurian, 王者 の仁德 in Japanese, pronounced as waujanojintoku in Manchoukuo Japanese or oujanojintoku in current Japan’s Japanese) that nurtures all things and rules and unites the entire realm. The central rules over the other four Bearings (the east, the west, the north, and the south), as the central leads to them and unites everywhere together. Thus, it symbolizes the integration, fraternity, harmony, and goodwill. The red represents the south ( 南方 , pronounced as nan-fang in Manchurian or nanpau in Manchoukuo Japanese or nanpou in current Japan’s Japanese), the fire ( 火 , pronounced as huo in Manchurian or kwa in Manchoukuo Japanese or ka in current Japan’s Japanese), and symbolizes the virtues of honesty, sincerity and enthusiasm. The blue represents the east ( 東方 , pronounced as tung-fang in Manchurian or toufau in Manchoukuo Japanese or touhou in current Japan’s Japanese), the wood ( 木 , pronounced as mu in Manchurian or moku in Manchoukuo Japanese and current Japan’s Japanese), and symbolizes youth and holiness. The white represents the west ( 西方 , pronounced as si-fang 28

in Manchurian or seifau in Manchoukuo Japanese or seihou in current Japan’s Japanese), the metal ( 金 , pronounced as kin in Manchurian or kin in Manchoukuo Japanese and current Japan’s Japanese) and symbolizes purity, innocence and righteousness. The black represents the north ( 北方 , pronounced as pei-fang in Manchurian or fokufau in Manchoukuo Japanese or hoppou in current Japan’s Japanese), the water ( 水 , pronounced as shui in Manchurian or sui in Manchoukuo Japanese and current Japan’s Japanese), and symbolizes the virtues of determination, perseverance and endurance. When the Five Bearings on Earth stand with each other, the Five Elements in nature nourish and reinforce each other, and the Five Moralities in society are combined with each other, people will live in harmony and the nation will prosper. And among the Five Elements, the earth plays an especially important role. Without the earth, there is no ground for the fire, the wood, the metal, or the water to exist. Manchoukuoans believe that this is not only the fundamental law of nature, but also the basic rule of our community and nation: without the Kingly Way, there is no way to achieve the virtuous governance which is necessary for security and prosperity, and the moralities represented by the other four colours will be out of question. For this reason, when Manchoukuo was founded, Manchoukuo founding fathers chose these five colours and made them this way on the National Flag. Especially, the yellow was made the colour of the ground which took three fourths space of the flag to emphasize the spirit of ruling this nation with the Kingly Way. Manchoukuo has been founded based on the Kingly Way, which is the

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true Kingly Way that Manchoukuo respectfully follows and practises, not the false “kingly way” of China.The true Kingly Way and the Kami Way are the same, the two are one. The origin of the Founding of Manchoukuo originated in the Kami Way and all depended on the great rays of Amaterasu-ohokami and the protection and assistance of the Emperor of the Empire of Japan. Amaterasu-ohokami’s great virtue of shining the entire world and nurturing all things is the source of the imperial virtue of the Emperor of the Empire of Japan. Since the Emperor of the Empire of Manchou and the Emperor of the Empire of Japan are spiritually as one, Amaterasu-ohokami’s great virtue is naturally the source of the imperial virtue of the Emperor of the Empire of Manchou as well. The great virtue of Amaterasu-ohokami unites all virtues, thus the imperial virtue of the Emperor of Manchoutikuo unites all virtues. As we all know, the imperial virtue of the Emperor of Manchoukuo is also known as the virtue of Kingly Humanity. The yellow of the National Flag of Manchoukuo represents the imperial virtue of the Emperor of Manchoukuo, and the four colours of red, blue, white, and black represent all other virtues. In such way, all the moralities in society are combined with and promote each other. Still, without the imperial virtue of the Emperor of Manchoukuo, there is no way to achieve the virtuous governance which is necessary for security and prosperity to Manchoukuo, and all other virtues will be out of question. That is why the colour yellow of the flag ground takes up three fourths space of the entire flag, emphasizing the head role of Manchoukuo Emperor’s imperial virtue among all virtues. In short, the meaning

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of the National Flag of Manchoukuo is the great spirit of the Kingly Way and the Kami Way, which ranks the first and foremost in the Founding Spirits of Manchoukuo.

Above is the introduction of the meaning of the National Flag of Manchoukuo.

General Affairs Board of the State Council 14 June of Kangteh/Koutoku 88

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協和行進歌 向前進，向前進， 親愛的同胞們！ 大家互相攜著手兒， 向前進，向前進！ 我們共居此土， 而爲此土之民。 這真是神秘的因縁，因縁！ 我的良好朋友們， 我的手足兄弟們， 向前進，向前進， 親愛的同胞們！ 大家要同心協力， 向前進，向前進！ 我們甘苦同受， 而福禍共享。 努力造成美麗的樂土，樂土！ 我們喜歡遵守的， 信条是在乎 —— 協和！協和！協和！ 協和！協和！協和！

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