Camera Class

BAS I CDI GI T AL PHOT OGRAPHY e s Cour l ona i t uc r t ns RI L nnerDS ABegi

phy a ogr CKSPhot I CL or j ma

T HEPHOT OGRAPHE R' S T OOL KI T TheDS L RCamer a Thedi g i t als i ng l el ensr eflex( DS L R)i st hemos tc ommont y peofc amer aus edby pr of es s i onalphot og r apher st oday .Thes ec amer asus eami r r ors y s t em t or eflec tt he l i g htf r om t hel ensi nt ot hev i ewfinder .Whenaphot oi st ak en,t hemi r r ormov esout oft hewayt oal l ow l i g htt of al lont hes ens or .Thes ens ori ns i dey ourc amer ai sl i k e “ di g i t alfil m” .I tr ec or dst hel i g htt oc r eat ey ourphot og r aphi ci mag e.

Ther ear et wobas i ct y pesofs ens or s ,t hec r oppeds ens orandt hef ul lf r ames ens or .

" Cr oppedS ens or "Ver s us" F ul lF r ame" Thec r oppeds ens orc amer ai st hemos tc ommont y peofDS L Rav ai l abl et oday .They ar eg ener al l yl es sex pens i v e,andhav ev er yhi g hi mag equal i t y .S i nc et hec r opped s ens ori ss mal l er ,t her ei st headv ant ag eofhav i ngmor e“ r eac h”ony ourl ens .F or i ns t anc e,a50mm l ensonac r oppeds ens orc amer awi l l hav et hes amef oc al l eng t has a80mm l ensonaf ul lf r amec amer a. F ort hi sr eas on,manywi l dl i f eands por t s phot og r apher spr ef ert heex t r ar eac hf oundi nc r oppeds ens orc amer as .

Thef ul lf r ameDS L Rhasas ens ort hati sequi v al entt o35mm fil m.S i nc et hes e c amer ashav eal ar g ers ens or , t heyar eabl et opr oduc ehi g herqual i t yi mag esathi g her I S Os e ng s .Thel ar g ers ens oral s oal l owsphot og r apher st oc apt ur ei mag eswi t ha ni c er“ bl ur ”i nf r ontofandbehi ndt hes ubj ec t . Manypor t r ai tphot og r apher spr ef er f ul lf r amec amer asf ort hi sr eas on.

T HEPHOT OGRAPHE R' S T OOL KI T F L AS H Manydi g i t al S L Rsc omewi t has mal l flas hbui l ti nt ot hec amer a.S i nc et hes es mal l flas hes donoty i el dpr of es s i onalr es ul t s ,t hemor eadv anc eddi g i t alS L Rsdonothav et hi sf eat ur e.

Thes mal lbui l t i nflas hespr oduc eahar s hl i g htt hati smor edi ffic ul tt odi ffus eormodi f y .As ar es ul t ,mos tpr of es s i onalphot og r apher sus eanex t er nalflas hc ommonl yr ef er r edt oasa “ s peedl i t e” .

S peedl i t eshav emanyadv ant ag es .Thes et y pesofflas hesdonotus et hec amer a’ sba er y , butar e power ed byt hei rown powers our c e,us ual l yAA ba er i es . Theyal s o al l ow phot og r apher st oeas i l ydi ffus eandmodi f yt hel i g ht .Themor eadv anc eds peedl i t eswor k wi t hy ourc amer at odet er mi net hec or r ec tamountofflas hneededf ort hephot og r aph.I n addion,s peedl i t esmayev enbeus edoffc amer abyus i ngar emot et r i g g er .

( Abov e:Ex t er nalF l as hwi t hDi ffus er )

( Abov e:Ex t er nalF l as hwi t houtDi ffus er )

UNDE RS T ANDI NG E XPOS URE Ex pos ur ei st heamountofl i g htt hati sc apt ur edwhent ak i ngaphot og r aph.I ft ool il e l i g hti sc apt ur ed, t hent hephot og r aphwi l l be“ under ex pos ed”( t oodar k ) .I ft oomuc hl i g ht i sc apt ur ed,t hent hephot og r aphwi l lbe“ ov er ex pos ed”( t oobr i g ht ) . Theg oaloft he phot og r apheri st ot ak e a phot og r aph t hati sc or r ec t l y ex pos ed. To do t hi s ,t he phot og r aphermus tc hoos et hepr operI S O,s hu ers peed,andaper t ur e.

I S O I S Os t andsf orI nt er na onalOr g ani z a onf orS t andar di z a on.I ndi g i t alphot og r aphy , I S Odet er mi neshowmuc hl i g htt hec amer a’ ss ens orwi l l c apt ur e.Ahi g herI S Owi l l c apt ur e mor el i g htandc r eat eabr i g ht erphot og r aphi ci mag e.Al owerI S Owi l lc apt ur el es sl i g ht andc r eat eadar k erphot og r aphi ci mag e.I ti sbes tt ous et hemi ni mumI S Onec es s ar ywhen t ak i ngaphot og r aphs i nc eahi g herI S Owi l lr es ul ti nmor e“ noi s e”( arf ac t s )i nt hei mag e.

S Os e ngonmos tdi g i t al c amer asr ang esf r om 100I S Ot o3200I S Oandhi g her .Ona TheI br i g hts unnyday ,y ouc ans ety ourc amer a’ sI S Ot oar ound100s i nc es omuc hl i g hti s av ai l abl e.I ns i de,orwheni ti sdar kout s i de,y ouc ans ety ourc amer a’ sI S Ot oar ound1600 I S Ot oc apt ur et hel il el i g htt hati sav ai l abl e.I fy ourphot og r aphi ssl l under ex pos ed, y ou c ant r yus i ngaflas horc hang i ngy ours hu ers peedandaper t ur e.

( Abov e:S ampl eof“ noi s e”i naphot o.I S Owas6400)

UNDE RS T ANDI NGE XPOS URE

( Abov e:I S O1200)

( Abov e:I S O100)

1600I S O

Hi ghe rI S O-Br i ght e r

orhi g he r

Pr o:Mor eL i g htS ens iv i t y Con:Mor eNoi s e( Arf ac t s ) Whent oUs e:I ndoor s , Out door si nt heev eni ng andatni g ht

L owe rI S O-Dar k e r

100I S O orl owe r

Pr o:S har perI mag es( NoNoi s e) Con:L es sL i g htS ens iv i t y Whent oUs e:Us eal owerI S Owhen y ou’ r es hoo ngout door sonas unny day ,ori ndoor sus i ngaflas h

UNDE RS T ANDI NGE XPOS URE S HUTTERS PEED S hu ers peedi st heamountof mei tt ak est hes hu eri ns i dey ourl enst oopenandc l os e.

Wheny out ak eapi c t ur e,y ourc amer amak esa“ c l i c k i ng ”s ound.Thatc l i c ki st hes oundof t hes hu eropeni ngandc l os i ngt oc apt ur et hel i g ht .Thes hor t ert hec l i c k ,t hef as t ery our s hu ers peed.Thel ong ert hec l i c k ,t hes l owery ours hu ers peed.

Yours hu ers peedi si mpor t antbec aus ei tdet er mi neshow muc hl i g htwi l lf al lony our s ens or .I ft hes hu eropensf oral ong me( s l owers hu ers peed) ,mor el i g htwi l lf al lon y ours ens or .Thi swi l l c aus ey ourphot ost ohav eabr i g ht erex pos ur e.I fy ouc hoos eaf as t er s hu ers peed,l es sl i g htwi l lf al lont hes ens orandy ourphot oswi l lbedar k er .

S hu ers peedal s oaffec t showmuc hmo onbl ury ourphot oswi l lhav e.Mo onbl uri s c r eat edbyobj ec t smov i ngwi t hi nt hes c ene,orbyt hec amer amov i ngwhi l et hes hu eri s open.Ev ent hes l i g ht es tmov ement st ot hec amer ac anc r eat ebl ur r yi mag esi ft hes hu er s peedi st oos l ow.Asar es ul t ,manyphot og r apher sdonott ak ephot osunder1/ 80ofa s ec ondwhi l es hoo nghandhel d.

Ther ear es ev er al way sy ouc anr educ emo onbl uri ny ourphot os .Theeas i es twayi st o i nc r eas ey ours hu ers peed.Anot herwayi sbyus i ngat r i podormonopodt os t abi l i z et he c amer a. S omel ens eshav eaf eat ur ec al l ed“ i mag es t abi l i z a on”t hathel psr educ ebl ur c aus edbymi normov ement st ot hec amer a.

UNDE RS T ANDI NGE XPOS URE

60

Sl owerShu erSpeed

ors l ower

Pr o:Br i g ht erex pos ur esi nl owl i g ht Con:Mor eBl ur Whent oUs e:Whenwor k i ngi nl ow l i g htory ouwantt obl urmo on.Us e at r i podf ors har peri mag es .

Fas t erShu erSpeed

250

orf as t er

Pr o:L es sBl ur ,S har perI mag es Con:Dar k erex pos ur esi nl owl i g ht Whent oUs e:Out door sons unnyday s , ort or educ emo onbl uronmov i ng s ubj ec t s .

UNDE RS T ANDI NGE XPOS URE APERTURE Aper t ur ei st hec amer as e ngt hatdet er mi neshowwi det hes hu eri ns i det hel enswi l l open.Under s t andi ngaper t ur ec anbeal il et r i c k yatfir s tbec aus ei t sv al uei sex pr es s edas af r ac onc al l edan“ f s t op” .Thewi dert hes hu eropens ,t hel owert he“ f / s t op”number andv i c ev er s a.F orex ampl e,f / 2.

8i sal ar g eaper t ur e,bec aus et hes hu eropensv er ywi de andf / 22i sas mal laper t ur ebec aus et hes hu eropeni ngi snar r ow.

Theaper t ur ec ont r ol st wov ar i abl eswhent ak i ngaphot og r aph.I tc ont r ol show muc h l i g htwi l lf al lon t he s ens or ,and how muc h“ dept hof fiel d” t he phot o wi l lhav e.

Dept hof fiel di showmuc hoft hes c enewi l lbei nf oc usar oundy ours ubj ec t .

Al ar g eaper t ur ewi l lc r eat eabr i g ht erex pos ur eandanar r owerdept hof fiel d( l es si n f oc us ) .As mal laper t ur ewi l lc r eat eadar k erex pos ur eandawi derdept hof fiel d( mor ei n f oc us ) .Aphot ot ak enatf / 2.

8i sg oi ngt ohav eav er ynar r ow dept hof fiel d,andaphot o t ak enatf / 22i sg oi ngt ohav eav er ywi dedept hof fiel d.

UNDE RS T ANDI NGE XPOS URE

( Abov e:Aper t ur ewasf / 9)

f / 2.

8

Hi gherAper t ur e

orhi gher ( L owerf / s t opnumber )

Pr o:Br i g ht erex pos ur es ,mor earsc Con:L es si nf oc us-nar r owdept hoffiel d Whent oUs e:Toac hi ev eani c ebl ur r y bac k g r ound( bok eh) .Ordependsonl i g h ng , butmai nl yi ndoor sorout door satni g ht .

( Abov e:Aper t ur ewasf / 1.

8)

L owerAper t ur e

f / 22

ower ( Hi gherf / s t opnumber ) orl

Pr o:Mor ei nF oc us-wi dedept hoffiel d Con:Dar k erEx pos ur esi nl owl i g ht Whent oUs e:Tog etmor ei nf oc us

CHOOS I NGCAME RA S E TT I NGS RAW VERS USJ PEG Di g i t al S L Rsal l owt hephot og r aphert oc hoos ebet weenaRAW i mag efil e,aJ PEGi mag e fil e,orbot h.Ther ear eadv ant ag esanddi s adv ant ag est oeac hfil et y pe.Ther ei sadebat e bet weenpr of es s i onalphot og r apher sonwhi c hfil et y pei st hebes t .Her ear et hepr osand c onst oeac ht y peoffil e:

RawI mag eF i l es RAW al l owst hephot og r aphert omak emor eadj us t ment sa ert hephot oi st ak en.

Thes eadj us t ment si nc l udec hang i ngt heex pos ur eandt hewhi t ebal anc e.RAW fil esar e muc hl ar g ert hanJ PEGs , andus eupmor es pac eont hememor yc ar ds .Theyal s ot ak emor e met oc apt ur e,downl oad,andpr oc es s .Manypr of es s i onalphot og r apher sbel i ev et hat RAW i sbe erbec aus ei tg i v est hem mor ef r eedom t omak emor eadj us t ment sl at eron.

J PEGI mag eF i l es J PEGsar ef as t ert oc apt ur e,downl oad,andpr oc es s .S i nc eaJ PEGi sas mal l erfil es i z e,i t al l owsy out oc apt ur emor ei mag esont hec amer a' smemor yc ar d.Thedi s adv ant ag eof us i ngJ PEG i st hel ac kofabi l i t yt omak eadj us t ment sa ert hephot oi st ak en. S ome pr of es s i onalphot og r apher sbel i ev et hatJ PEGsar e be erbec aus et hey ' r ef as t ert o pr oc es s ,andt hati fy ou' r eapr of es s i onal ,y ouwon' tneedt omak emaj oradj us t ment st o t hei mag esa er war ds .

Choos i ngBot hRaw&J PEG I fy ouwantt hebes tofbot hwor l ds , c hoos ebot h.Thatwayy ouc anqui c k l ys c ant hr oug h y ourJ PEGsandi fy ouneedt omak emaj oradj us t ment s ,y ouhav et heRAW fil et of al lbac k on.J us tmak es ur ey ouhav eenoug hmemor yony ourflas hc ar ds !

CHOOS I NGCAME RA S E TT I NGS

AUTOMATI C,MANUAL ,ORI NBETWEEN? CHOOS I NGTHEAut oma cS ETTI NG

Theadv ant ag eofs e ngy ourc amer aonaut oma ci st hatt hec amer amak esal lt he dec i s i onsf ory ou.I tc hoos esy ourI S O,s hu ers peed,aper t ur e,andwhi t ebal anc e.The di s adv ant ag eofus i ngaut oma ci st hati tt ak esawayy ourabi l i t yt obec r ea v eandarsc .

L ear ni ngt ous et hemanual ands emi manual s e ng sony ourc amer awi l l hel py ouc apt ur e t hek i ndsofi mag esy oudes i r e.

Choos i ngt heManualS e ng Themanuals e ngwi l lal l ow y out ot ak ec ompl et ec ont r olofy ourc amer a’ ss e ng s .

Youc anc hoos et hes es e ng sbas edont het y peofi mag ey ouar et r y i ngt oc r eat e.When us i ngmanual ,y ouwi l lneedt os ett heI S O,s hu ers peed,andaper t ur et og ett hec or r ec t ex pos ur eandarsceffec ty ouar ewan ng .

Choos i ngAper t ur ePr i or i t y Thec amer a’ saper t ur epr i or i t ymode( Av )al l owsy out oc hoos et heaper t ur ewhi l et he c amer ac hoos est hes hu ers peedf ory ou.Thi si sus ef uli ns i t ua onswher ey ouwantt o c ont r olt hedept hof fiel dwi t houtwor r y i ngabouts hu ers peed.F ori ns t anc e,i fy ouonl y wantt ophot og r aphi mag esus i nganf / 1.

8aper t ur e,t heny ouc anc hoos eaper t ur epr i or i t y andal l owt hec amer at oc hoos et hes hu ers peed.

Choos i ngS hu erPr i or i t y S hu erpr i or i t y( Tv[mev al ue] )modeony ourc amer aal l owsy out oc hoos et hes hu er s peedwhi l et hec amer ac hoos est heaper t ur e. Thi smodei sus ef ulwheny ouwantt o c ont r olmo onbl urwi t houtwor r y i ngaboutt heaper t ur e.

Choos i ngPROGRAM MODE Pr og r am mode( P)i sal il el i k eaut oma cmode,butwi t hal otofflex i bi l i t y .I tal l ows y out oc hoos et heI S Owhi l et hec amer ac hoos est hes hu ers peedandaper t ur e.Howev er , onc et hec amer ac hoos est hes es e ng s ,y ouar et henabl et oc hang et hes hu ers peedor aper t ur edependi ngonwhats e ngi smor ei mpor t antt oy ou.

CHOOS I NGCAME RA S E TT I NGS WHI TEBAL ANCE Di ffer entk i ndsofl i g hthav edi ffer entc ol or“ t emper at ur es ” .Thec ol ort emper at ur esi n t hes c eney ouar ephot og r aphi ngwi l laffec thow t hec ol or si ny ourphot og r aphwi l ll ook .

Tog ett hec or r ec tc ol or s ,t hec amer aal l owsy out oc hoos ea“ whi t ebal anc e” .Byt el l i ng t hec amer awhatwhi t el ook sl i k ei nt hes c ene,t hec amer ai st henabl et odet er mi net he ot herc ol or sac c ur at el y .

Mos tdi g i t alS L Rshav et hef ol l owi ngs e ng sf orwhi t ebal anc e: 1.Aut o:Ont hi ss e ng ,t hec amer ac hoos est hewhi t ebal anc eaut oma c al l y .On newerdi g i t alS L Rs ,t hi ss e ngwor k sv er ywel lmos toft he me.

2.F l as h:I fy ouar eus i ngaflas hasy ourpr i mar yl i g hts our c e,t henc hoos et hi swhi t e bal anc es e ngt og etac c ur at ec ol or s .

3.Day l i ght :Wheny ouar et ak i ngaphot og r aphout s i deonas unnyday ,t henc hoos e t hi ss e ng .

4.Cl oudy :Wheny ouar et ak i ngaphot og r aphonac l oudyday ,t henc hoos et hi ss e ng .

5.S hade:Wheny ouar et ak i ngaphot og r aphi nt hes hade,t henc hoos et hi ss e ng .

6.Tungs t en:Thi swhi t ebal anc es e ngc anbeus edwhent ung s t enl i g h ngi s pr ov i di ngmos toft hel i g hti nt hes c ene.

7.F l uor es c ent :Thi ss e ngc anbeus edwhenfluor es c entl i g h ngi st hepr i mar y l i g h ngs our c e.

8.Kel v i n:Thi si swher ey ouc hoos et hec ol ort emper at ur ey our s el fbyc hoos i ngt he Kel v i nc ol ort emper at ur e.

9.Cus t om Whi t eBal anc e:Thi ss e ngal l owsy out oc hoos et hewhi t ebal anc eby t ak i ngaphot og r aphofac al i br a ont ar g etorag r eyc ar d.

CHOOS I NGCAME RA S E TT I NGS

METERI NG

Met er i ngi nphot og r aphys i mpl ymeansmeas ur i ngt hel i g htar oundy ou. Thi shel ps phot og r apher s , andt hei rc amer as , det er mi newhatex pos ur es e ng st oc hoos ewhent ak i ng aphot o.Ther ear et wot y pesofl i g htmet er s :

REF L ECTI VEL I GHTMETER Thi st y peofl i g htmet ermeas ur est hel i g htbei ngr eflec t edofft hes ubj ec t .Themet er i ns i dey ourc amer ai sar eflec v el i g htmet er .Wheny ourc amer ai ss ett oaut oma c ,t heni t wi l lus et hei nc amer amet ert odet er mi newhats e ng st oc hoos ef ory ourI S O,aper t ur e, ands hu ers peed.I fy ouhav ey ourc amer as etonmanual ,t hent hei nc amer amet erwi l l hel py ouc hoos et hec or r ec ts e ng s .

i NCI DENTL I GHTMETER Thes et y pesofmet er smeas ur et hel i g htf al l i ngony ours ubj ec t .

Thi si st het y peofmet ert hatphot og r apher shol di nf r ontoft hei r s ubj ec t st og ett hec or r ec tex pos ur es e ng s . Thes ehandhel d l i g htmet er sal l ow phot og r apher st oc hoos et heI S O whi l et he met erg i v est hepr opers hu ers peedandaper t ur es e ng s .

200 f / 2.

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( L I GHTMETER)