Master's Thesis in BIM Management

Zigurat Institute of Technology

IL3-University of Barcelona

OpenBIM Implementation in Pilot High-rise Office Building throughout the Project’s lifecycle

BIMCreative Group Maha Aziz Anwer Ayman Abdelhakam Hugo Silva Florencia Gariglio Sergio Barba

Report by Masters Thesis under the mentorship of & guidance of

MSc David Delgado Vendrell MSc Eugenio FontĂĄn Yanes

Masters in Global BIM Management

September 2020

Thesis Title OpenBIM Implementation in Pilot High-rise Office Building throughout the Project’s lifecycle

Published on September 2020

Authors Maha Aziz Anwer Ayman Abdelhakam Hugo Silva Florencia Gariglio Sergio Barba

Graduation Committee MSc. David Delgado Vendrell MSc. Eugenio FontĂĄn Yanes MSc. Jorge Beneitez Gardeazabal MSc. Mathias Frischauf

Master Graduation Program Masters in Global BIM Management

by Zigurat Global Institute of Technology

and IL3-University of Barcelona

Masters in Global BIM Management

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Content 1. Introduction

03

2. WeZig Office High-rise Building Project brief Summary

03

3. Team Structure, Roles & Responsibilities of the Lead Appointed Party

06

4. Implementation of OpenBIM in Integrated Project Delivery Model

08

5. Implementation of Agile Project Management Methodologies

10

6. Communication and Collaboration Strategy

12

7. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Strategy

12

8. Project’s Lifecycle Information Exchange and Deliverables

14

9. Stage 0: BIM Management Strategy

15

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

15 15 16 16

Stage and Roles definition Information Exchange & Deliverables Planned & Implemented Workflow Tools Used

10. Stage 1: BIM for Design

17

10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5

17 17 19 20 21

Stage and Roles definition Information Exchange & Deliverables Planned & Implemented Workflow Used Tools Used Recommendations for Future Projects

11. Stage 2: BIM for Construction

21

11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5

21 22 24 25 26

Stage and Roles definition Information Exchange & Deliverables Planned & Implemented Workflow Used Tools Used Recommendations for Future Projects

12. Stage 3: Handover, Closeout and Operations

26

12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5

26 26 27 27 28

Stage and Roles definition Information Exchange & Deliverables Planned & Implemented Workflow Used Tools Used Recommendations for Future Projects

13. Thesis Conclusion: The Case for OpenBIM in Integrated Project Delivery

28

List of Figures

30

List of Tables

31

References

32

Appendix: Project Managerial Documents

33

Appendix: Information Models & 2D Documentation

34

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1. Introduction In this Master’s thesis, a pilot project is carried out utilizing OpenBIM standards and workflows, throughout the building’s lifecycle, along with the adoption of Integrated Project Delivery model.

The pilot project is of a standard 10 storey High-rise Office Building, called WeZig and is located in Hong Kong.

For the sake of this simulation exercise, the Project Lifecycle is simplified into 4 stages; Management, Design, Construction and Handover, with information exchanges and data drops expected at each stage. In this report, the followed information exchange strategy, workflows and tools used are outlined in detail for all project stages and assessed with recommendations for increased efficacy in future projects.

2. WeZig Office High-rise Building Project brief Summary

Figure 1. WeZig High-rise Office Building perspective view

The WeZig Office Building, a 10-Storey High-Rise Office, located in Caroline Hill Road, Hong Kong is comprised of 9 stories above ground , of which 8 stories are typical, an extreme Cantilever at the first storey shading the Entrance, a basement and an open roof, making up a total gross area of 2626.63 m2.

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Detailed Space Schedule of WeZig Office Building

1 2 3 4 5 6

-01 FFL Office Space 138.54 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

00 FFL Office Space 155.41 m² 8 Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² 9 Staircase 20.79 m² 10 Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² 11 MEP Shaft 4.05 m² 12 Storage 7.83 m² 7

01 FFL 358.84 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 21.37 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m² Archive 11.36 m² Storage 4.32 m² Reception 10.77 m² Private Office 16.40 m² Meeting Room 15.54 m² IT Room 5.04 m²

05 FFL 155.41 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

44 Office Space 45 46 47 48 49

06 FFL 155.41 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

50 Office Space 51 52 53 54 55

07 FFL 155.41 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

13 Office Space

56 Office Space

14

57

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

02 FFL 155.83 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

58 59 60 61

08 FFL 155.41 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

25 Office Space

62 Office Space

26

63

27 28 29 30

03 FFL 155.41 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

64 65 66 67

09 FFL

31 Office Space

68 Office Space

32

69 Elevator Lobby 20.79 m²

33 34 35 36

04 FFL 155.41 m² Elevator Lobby 20.79 m² Staircase 20.79 m² Elevator Shaft 7.29 m² MEP Shaft 4.05 m² W.C. 7.83 m²

70 Staircase 71 Elevator Shaft 72 MEP Shaft 73 Storage

155.41 m² 20.79 m² 7.29 m² 4.05 m² 7.83 m²

10 FFL

38 Office Space

74 Roof Top

39

75 Elevator Lobby 20.79 m²

40 41 42 43

76 Staircase 77 Elevator Shaft 78 MEP Shaft 79 Storage

156.63 m² 20.79 m² 7.29 m² 4.05 m² 7.83 m²

Note: Some variations between brief and final Design occurred.

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3. Team Structure, Roles & Responsibilities of the Lead Appointed Party The project team members are the Lead Appointed Party and the team is called BIMCreative.

BIMCreative consists of two task teams; the Project Management Team, made up of the BIM Manager and BIM Coordinator, and the Project Development Team, made up of the Architectural, Structural and MEP Managers.

The Team Structure, roles and responsibilities are explained in the following tables and figures.

Key Appointing Party Lead Appointed Party Appointed Party Variable amount Project Team Illustration of a delivery team Task Team(s) Information requirements and information exchange Information Coordination

Figure 2. Interfaces between parties and teams for the purpose of information management (ISO 19650-2, 2018)

Product Owner

Scrum Master

BIM Manager

BIM Coordinator

Development Team

Project Management Team

Owner + Mentor

Architectural Manager

Structural Manager

MEP Manager

Figure 3. Lead Appointed Party’s team Structure and Roles for all stages of the WeZig Pilot Project

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The responsibilities of each role is as following:

Roles

Responsibilities

Product Owner

Responsible for planning and prioritizing work for the product's Scrum teams, whilst working internally and externally with stakeholders to create a project roadmap (Goran Prijić, 2018).

Scrum Master

BIM Manager

BIM Coordinator

Responsible for implementing the Scrum approach with the development and engineering teams (Goran Prijić, 2018).

Responsible for leading the BIM Implementation process within an organization and supporting it in developing & delivering new BIM services and model-based efficiencies (BIMDictionary, 2020).

Responsible for performing Model Management, Project Information Management and process management activities.

(BIMDictionary, 2020).

Architectural Manager

Responsible for the design and production of the Architectural PIM, the Drawings package and any related BIM use-cases with full compliance to the Information Exchange Standards of the project.

Structural Manager

Responsible for the design and production of the Structural PIM, the Drawings package and any related BIM use-cases with full compliance to the Information Exchange Standards of the project.

MEP Manager

Responsible for the design and production of the MEP PIM, the Drawings package and any related BIM use-cases with full compliance to the Information Exchange Standards of the project.

Table 1. Roles and Responsibilities of Lead Appointed Party Team Members

Team Structure of BIMCreative BIM Manager Product Owner

Sergio Barba

BIM Coordinator Scrum Master

Florencia Gariglio

Architectural Manager

Maha Anwer

Structural Manager

Hugo Silva

MEP Manager

Ayman Abdelhakam

Table 2. Team Structure of the Lead Appointed Party, BIMCreative

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4. Implementation of OpenBIM in Integrated Project Delivery Integrated project delivery (IPD) is defined as a construction project delivery method that seeks the involvement of all participants (people, systems, business structures and practices) through all stages of design, fabrication, and construction, increasing efficiency by limiting re-work and changes in the late stages of a project (AIA, 2007), unlike the traditional Design-Bid-Build model, where disciplines develop the project separately, at different stages, resulting in an uncoordinated, fragmented effort. This collaborative delivery model is enabled by OpenBIM. OpenBIM is an initiative by buildingSMART International defined as a “collaborative process that is vendor neutral, creating sharable project information that supports seamless collaboration for all project participants. It facilitates interoperability to benefit projects and assets throughout their lifecycle” (buildingSMART, 2020).

Different Software

Little Open BIM

Big Open BIM

Same Software

This is the key feature of OpenBIM; it liberates BIM adopters from having to rely on a single vendor’s software capability, which is a limiting factor for collaboration amongst different disciplines, where different authorizing tools are used for different purposes and use-cases. This allows each task team to select the tool that fits their needs best and accomplishes the task.

Little Closed BIM

Big Closed BIM

One Discipline

Multiple Disciplines

Figure 4. big BIM and little BIM (Liebich et al., 2011)

As shown in Figure 4, Integrated Project Delivery with OpenBIM achieves Big OpenBIM, the ideal standard for collaboration; multiple disciplines, with the freedom of using different softwares.

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OpenBIM achieves this by creating standardized file formats, that can be exported, imported, and is interpretable and readable by different Softwares, offering a wide variety of BIM services.

These neutral and standardized file formats include IFC, bsDD, BCF, COBie, CityGML etc.

However, the main foundation for these standardized file formats is the Industry Foundation Class (IFC).IFC, as defined by buildingSMART, is “a neutral and open file format specification that ensures the longevity of data exchanges and a globally adopted data schema”.

In this pilot project, the different task teams were able to collaboratively develop the WeZig Office Building whilst using different authorizing tools; ARCHICAD and Revit for Architectural & Concrete Structural elements, MEP elements, Tekla Structures for Steel Structural elements, Solibri for QA/QC and more. This is made possible as all Information Exchanges and data drops were done using the Standardized file format; IFC.

+

+ Architectural PIM

Structural PIM

Visualization

4D use—cases

+

QA/QC

MEP PIM

+ 5D use—cases

IFC

+

+ Construction & Field Management Model Viewing Softwares

Figure 5. Diagram showing of big OpenBIM Implementation from WeZig Office Building

5. Implementation Agile Project Management Methodologies Agile project management is an iterative and incremental approach to delivering a project throughout its life-cycle that focuses on delivering maximum value against business priorities in the time and budget allowed (apm, 2020). This is done by establishing a process of work that fixates on value produced instead of end-goals, is adaptive, responsive and flexible to change in order to meet challenges arising in the duration of the project’s lifecycle.

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In the WeZig pilot project, Agile Project Management methodologies were used to define Milestones and create a plan of action to achieve project goals incrementally, throughout its life cycle. This was done by creating a project Roadmap, User Story, Sprint planning and Sprint Backlog boards.

Roadmap is a plan of action for how the project will progress over the span of its lifecycle.

PROJECT ROAD MAP MANAGEMENT

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

HANDOVER Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Goal/Objective

Figure 6. WeZig Project’s Roadmap board Example

User Story helps arrange user needs (referred to as user stories) to understand the functionality of a system and identify issues in the backlog, in order to effectively plan releases that deliver value to users and the business. It clarifies the priorities along the duration of the project’s lifecycle.

USER STORY MAP EIR Procurement

Task #1

Task #2

BEP Procurement

PIM Authorization

Task #1

Task #1

Task #2

Task #2

Task #3

Task #3

Task #4

Design PIM QA/QC

Task #1

Task #2

Task #3

Key

Equivalent

Figure 7. WeZig Project’s User Story Map board Example

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Sprint Planning board shows all the sprint cycles planned and their deadlines.

SPRINT PLANNING Sprint 01

Task #1

Task #2

Sprint 03

Sprint 02

Task #1

Task #1

Task #2

Task #2

Task #3

Task #3

Sprint 04

Task #1

Task #2

Task #3

Task #4

Figure 8. WeZig Project’s Sprint Planning board Example

Sprint Backlog board shows only the current sprint-cycle the team is actively working on and the tasks are moved along the columns as per their status.

SPRINT BACKLOG Sprint 01

Task #1

Task #2

In Progress

Ready to Verify

Task #4

Task #3

Task #5

Task #7

Task #6

Task #8

Completed Task #10

Task #11

Task #12

Task #9

Key

Equivalent Figure 9. WeZig Project’s Sprint Backlog board Example

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6. Communication and Collaboration Strategy Since the Lead appointed Party’s team members are based in different Countries around the Globe, establishing a communication and collaboration strategy and protocol was vital to guarantee the project’s timely completion and successfully meet all Exchange Requirements. These strategies are summarized below.

Use of a Common Data Environment (CDE)

Scheduled weekly meetings

Use of Project/Task management Tool

To stay updated on project progress and make sure the Team are on the same page, whilst using an appropriate medium.

Additional meetings are setup if and when needed.

To break down goals into achievable tasks, assigned to team members and track project’s progress, following Agile methodologies.

To communicate RFIs, 3D coordination and track project development and progress.

CDE plays a role in implementing QA/QC strategy and Issues Management.

Selection & use of appropriate Communication Channels Establishing communication channels fit for purpose to avoid miscommunication that often occur when using channels like Email or direct messaging services.

The tools chosen and the reasons why are elaborated further in Section 9.4 of the Report.

7. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Strategy The Quality Assurance and Quality Control strategy and tools used throughout the project’s lifecycle were as following; Step I

Step II

Step III

Step IV

Prior to every submittal each task team must follow the QA/QC guidelines established;

Visual Check and Design Review meetings to ensure there are no unintended model components and guarantee the ongoing progress aligns with design intent and employer’s objectives.

Interference Check

Model Integrity Check for all PIMs to ensure the integrity of the Model aligns with BIM Uses and the Employer’s requirements. This includes;

Step III, Step IV, as well as audit the Information Model, following the BIM Auditing Checklist created.

Meetings’ protocol is explained further in Figure 10.

To detect soft and hard clashes between discipline Models

Correct Project Information Naming Convention Correct IFC Entity & Type Used Property Sets as per Information need Building Storeys designation Correct Classification System followed Code Validation Layers etc.

Design Review meetings’ help communicate inquires and receive instant feedback from all involved parties, leading to better decision making.

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Before Meeting

During Review Meeting

After Meeting

Plan Data

Identify Meeting Purpose

Create written record of meetings content

Share Information

Prepare & Share Agenda amongst Team Members

Follow-up via appropriate channels

Review

A shared Google Document was used collaboratively for this process.

Knowledge

Slack as per topic.

Change

RFIs via issues in the CDE, BIMSync.

Wisdom

Have the meeting medium prepared

Trello for Project and Task Management.

A group including all team members was created in Skype.

Figure 10. Design Review Meetings Protocol

Issues created follow the following naming convention in order to be efficiently referenced; QA/QC checks using Solibri

Sync with the CDE, BIMSync for Issues Management and Communication

Sync with BIMCollab ZOOM for offline issues management and to check issues status with authorizing tools.

Shape

SHA

No.

Position

POS

No.

Presence

PRE

No.

Information INF

No.

Figure 11. QA/QC Tools and Workflow Used

8. Project’s Lifecycle Information Exchange and Delivery This section is to outline the WeZig Pilot Project’s Lifecycle and the key deliverables produced by the Lead appointed party. For this pilot project, the project’s lifecycle is simplified into four key stages, shown in the figure below, in contrast with RIBA’s plan of work.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Strategic Definition

Preparation & Brief

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Technical Design

Manufacturing & Construction

Handover

In Use

Stage 1 Design

Stage 2 Construction

Stage 0 Management

Stage 3 Handover

Figure 12. WeZig Project Stages in comparison with RIBA’s Plan of Work

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Key Information Exchanges and Deliverables in all Stages Stage 0 Management

Stage 2 Construction

Stage 1 Design

Stage 3 Handover

EIR

Employer’s Information Requirements

BEP

Pre-appointment BIM Execution Plan

BEP

BEP

MIDP MIDP

MIDP MIDP

Live-Project BIM Execution Plan

Master Master Information Information Delivery Plan Delivery Plan

IDM

IDM

Information Information Delivery Delivery Manual Manual

Live-Project BIM Execution Plan

BEP

Post-Project BIM Execution Plan

MIDP

Master Information Delivery Plan

Master Master Information Information Delivery Plan Delivery Plan

IDM

IDM

IDM

Information Delivery Manual

Information Information Delivery Delivery Manual Manual

Demand PIM(s)

Supply PIM(s)

AIM(s)

2D

2D

2D

Documentation for Design

Documentation for Construction

Documentation for FM

COBie Visualizations

For FM

Figure 13. Chart illustrating Key Information Exchanges and Deliveries in all Stages

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9. Stage 0: BIM Management 9.1 Stage and Roles definition In this stage, key BIM Management documents; the Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR) and BIM Execution Plan (BEP) are prepared prior to the WeZig Office Project beginning.

In a real-life project, the Appointing Party would provide a detailed Employer’s Information Requirements document (EIR) defining all the expected Exchange Requirements for said project. However, in this simulation, the Team assumes the owner’s role in order to procure the EIR and responds to owner’s demands in the BEP as the lead appointed party.

9.2 Information Exchange & Deliverables The EIR clarifies the employer’s requirements during services' procurement.

(BIMDictionary, 2020)

EIR

Employer’s Information Requirements The BIM Execution Plan defines how the information modeling aspects of a project will be carried out, clarifies roles and their responsibilities, standards to be applied and procedures to be followed. It is developed by suppliers - typically pre-contract to address the EIR).

(BIMDictionary, 2020)

BEP

Pre-appointment BIM Execution Plan Employer’s Information Reqirements

Software Platforms System Performance Constraints

BIM Execution Plan

Technological & Infrastructure Needs

Roles & Responsibilities

Organizational Roles

BIM Information Exchange Requirements Information Exchange, and Standards

BIM Information Exchanges Project Deliverables (additionally, refer to IDM & MIDP)

Strategic Information Purpose

BIM Uses or Project Goals

Coordination & Clash Detection Process

QA/QC. Strategy

Collaboration Process

Collaboration Procedures

Delivery Strategy for Asset Information

Facility Data Requirements

Competency Assessment

BIM Capability Statement

Table 3. Comparing the content of the EIR and BEP and how it relates; the BEP answers to the EIR.

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9.3 Planned & Implemented Workflow The planned workflow for the Management stage is as following; Establishing a Communication Framework and Protocol

EIR

Agile Project Management Platform for Collaboration and Task Management

BEP

9.4 Tools Used

Communication

Agile Project Management

Slack for communication To create communication channels organized by Topics.

Skype for meetings To create groups which helps secure close meetings, flexible Screen-sharing functionality, unlimited meetings duration.

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EIR

BEP

Trello for Project & Task Management

Plannerly for procuring Documents

To plan, manage and assign Tasks for Agile project management.

Features used; separated boards for different purposes following the Kanban method, Tasks are assigned to team members, Tasks’ progress can be easily tracked.

To collaborate with all team members on multiple documents simultaneously.

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10. Stage 2: BIM for Design 10.1 Stage and Roles definition In this stage, based on the project brief and 2D drawings available, a detailed Project Information Model (PIM) is created for the WeZig Office building collaboratively by all disciplines, from which all of the Drawings packages, schedules and other relevant documentation will be produced. Its is equivalent to Developed Design Stage in RIBA’s Plan of Work 2020. The aim of this stage is to ensure transparent collaboration between all disciplines by implementing OpenBIM methodology for fully coordinated information models, to be used as Demand models, and to produce 2D documentations, in full compliance with the BIM Execution Plan (BEP).

10.2 Information Exchange & Deliverables

A Live-Project BEP is a BEP continuously updated throughout the project’s lifecycle to respond to project needs and evolves as the project progresses.

BEP

Live-Project BIM Execution Plan

The MIDP’s purpose is to list all information deliverables, when, by whom are they procured and the followed protocols and processes. It is a two-part document;

MIDP

Master Information Delivery Manual

• •

Task Team Information Delivery Plan(s) Responsibility Matrix (BIMDictionary, 2020)

“The IDM is a technical document that describes business needs, activities and transactions and information exchange requirements for a specific purpose. Business need defines a Use Case. IDM is a way to record and share Use Cases in a harmonized way” (ISO 29481-1, 2019). It is a four-part document;

IDM

Information Delivery Manual

• • • •

Use Case Definition, Process Definitions, Exchange Requirements, Technical Exchange Requirements (if needed)

Note: For the purpose of this pilot project, the IDM was applied only in the architectural Elements to illustrate Information logic and workflow. Additionally, the accuracy of the information provided is not guaranteed, this data is used to illustrate workflow.

The coordinated Demand Project Information Models, in full compliance with BEP’s Information Exchange Requirements, Standards, Classifications and LODs for the Design Stage.

Demand PIM(s)

The purpose of the Demand model is to communicate to the Supplier, Contractors and Sub-contractors the needed building elements for fabrication prior to construction.

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A developed Drawings Package to communicate the design to the client for approval and later, to communicate the requirements to the suppliers, contractors & subcontractors. This package is to be produced using the Information Models.

2D

Documentation for Design

Visualizations are part of the package in order to communicate the design to the Owner.

Visualizations

Information Strategy in the Project Information Models

Energy Analysis Figure 14. Part of the Exchange Requirement, IDM (refer to appendix)

Step 1

Step 2

Establish a

In the IDM, outline the necessary information that

BIM Use-Case

must be present in PIM.

Step 4

Step 3

The PIM is ready for Energy Analysis.

This information is

For this pilot project, this is an

then added to the PIM

outsourced service, the responsibility

in order to meed

of an Appointed party, as per the

Information Exchange

MIDP’s Responsibility Matrix.

Requirements.

Figure 15. Information Strategy followed in PIMs

This logic is followed for all the other use-cases including, Structural Analysis, 4D and 5D operations, Asset Management and Digital Fabrication.

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10.3 Planned & Implemented Workflow Used

BEP BIM Execution Plan

IDM Information Delivery Manual

Authorizing of Architectural PIM

Authorizing of Structural PIM

Authorizing of MEP PIM

QA/QC + Rectifications (if any) TIDP Task Information Delivery Manual

Demand Models Aggregated PIM

QA/QC

2D Documentation

PIM(s)

Visualization

Uploaded to Common Data Environment

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10.4 Tools Used

+ BEP

IDM

TIDP

Architectural PIM

Structural PIM

MEP PIM

QA/QC + Rectifications

Aggregated PIM

QA/QC

2D Documentation

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PIM(s)

Visualization

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10.5 Recommendations for future projects In the Design Stage, it is important to be aware of the end Project goals and BIM uses in order to be selective of the data populating the model. This clear definition of Information requirements help provide more precise Demand models for the Suppliers to use as reference, produce accurate results for analytical BIM uses and to ensure the Information models created will be of manageable file size.

Acknowledging the limitations of exporting IFCs using Revit, which includes a limited set of supported IfcClasses and the inability to override system families, the Project management team proposed the creation and use of a custom property set, under a tab named BIMCreative, to add properties as per need. This offers a viable solution, however, it can have limited OpenBIM applications and redundancy of information must be avoided. It is recommended to explore different solutions to having unsupported IfcClasses in Revit further in future projects.

11. Stage 3: BIM for Construction 11.1 Stage and Roles definition The Construction Stage of the WeZig Pilot Project is equivalent to the 4th and 5th Stages in RIBA’s Plan of Work; Technical Design, Manufacturing and Construction accordingly. It combines the Technical Design (also known as Pre-Construction) and Construction stages together.

In this Stage, the Development Team; the Architectural, Structural and MEP Managers take on the role of the Suppliers, Contractors and Sub-contractors to produce technically developed information models for all building components, as true to real-life Fabrication as per need. These models are known as Supplier Models.

ARC

STR

BM

MEP Demand Model What to Build

General Contractor

Client Supply Model Information

How to Build

SP

Model Specifications Budget

SC

BM

BIM Management

ARC

Architecture

STR

Structure

MEP

Mechanical Electrical Plumbing

SP

Supplier

SC

Sub-contractor

Scheduling Output

Figure 16. Hamburger Model (BuildingSMART, 2018)

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11.2 Information Exchange & Deliverables Please refer to Design Stage’s Information Exchange & Deliverables, Section 10.2 for BEP, MIDP and IDM definitions.

BEP

Live-Project BIM Execution Plan

MIDP MIDP

Master Master Information Information Delivery Plan Delivery Plan

IDM

IDM

Information Information Delivery Delivery Manual Manual

For the purpose of this pilot project, Supplier Models were created only for the following building components; Architectural Discipline Curtain Wall System Interior Walls Finishes Ceilings

2D

Documentation for Construction

MEP Discipline Electrical HVAC Fire Protection

A Drawings Package, to communicate the design for on-site Engineers and Workers and guide them through construction. This package is to be produced using the Information Models.

HVAC

Fire Protection

Supply

Electrical

Structural Discipline Concrete Structure Cantilever’s Steel Structure Composite Slab

Demand

Supply PIM(s)

The project development team takes on the role of the Suppliers, Contractors and Sub-contractors to produce Supply PIMs, in full compliance with BEP’s Information Exchange Requirements, Standards, Classifications and LODs for the Construction Stage. The purpose of the Supply models is to accurately carry on 5D Quantity Takeoffs and Cost Estimation, Off-site fabrication etc.

Figure 17. Comparing MEP Demand & Supplier Models

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Interior Wall Finishes

Ceiling

Supply

Demand

Curtain Wall System

Figure 18. Comparing Architectural Demand & Supplier Models

Cantilever’s Steel Structure

Composite Slab

Supply

Demand

Concrete Structure

Figure 19. Comparing Structural Demand & Supplier Models

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11.3 Planned & Implemented Workflow

BEP BIM Execution Plan

IDM Information Delivery Manual

Authorizing of Architectural PIM

Authorizing of Structural PIM

Authorizing of MEP PIM

Supplier Models TIDP Task Information Delivery Manual

Performing QA/QC + Issues Management for Rectification

Aggregated PIM

Performing QA/QC + Issues Management for Rectification

2D Documentation

PIM(s)

4D Construction Scheduling

5D Cost Estimation

Uploaded to CDE

Start of Construction

Field Management

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11.4 Tools Used

BEP

IDM

Authorizing of Architectural PIM

Authorizing of Structural PIM

Authorizing of MEP PIM

Supplier Models

TIDP

QA/QC Use of Microsoft Project + Synchro to create;

Aggregated PIM

a detailed Project Schedule

Performing QA/QC + Issues Management for Rectification

an Animated Simulation of the Construction of WeZig Office Building

2D Documentation

PIM(s)

4D Construction Scheduling

5D Cost Estimation

Uploaded to CDE

Start of Construction

Field Management

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Soft Copies & VR for on-site communication

Use of Solibri to get Information Takeoff (ITO) along with Excel for Cost Estimation.

Use of Dalux to replace Hardcopies of Construction Documents and communicate construction data Visually and via Augmented Reality functionality.

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11.5 Recommendations for Future Projects In the Construction Stage, the modeling should take into account Fabrication and Construction as the primary use-cases of the Information models, however, it is important for the suppliers to develop only the elements of the building that need high level of geometrical development and complexity up to LOD 5, as per ISO 19650. Elements like Walls and Slabs might not to be modeled beyond LOD 3, as specified in the BEP. This will eliminate unnecessary work, saving time and money.

12. Stage 4: Handover, Closeout and Operations 12.1 Stage and Roles definition In this Stage the building is handed over to the employer and all the relevant Building Information is exchanged for Facility and asset management and maintenance.

12.2 Information Exchange & Deliverables A Post-Project BEP is a complete, finalized and up-to date BEP that reflects on all the project’s lifecycle and trails the project’s progress, keeps a record of any delays or any other relevant details.

BEP

Post-Project BIM Execution Plan

MIDP

Master Information Delivery Plan

Please refer to Design Stage’s Information Exchange & Deliverables, Section 10.2 for MIDP and IDM definitions.

IDM

Information Delivery Manual

Asset Information Models reflect the As-Built facility and should contain all the relevant informations, including COBie data when applicable, to aid Facility Managers in the maintenance of the built asset.

AIM(s)

COBie For FM

COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange) is a specification for the capture and delivery of design/construction information to Facility Managers (BIMDictionary, 2020).

Note: For the purpose of this Pilot Project and for the sake of simplification, COBie is only produced for the Door assets to illustrate workflow.

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12.3 Planned & Implemented Workflow

Update Architectural PIM

Update Structural PIM

Update MEP PIM

The PIMs are update in order to reflect As-Built building, incase any changes were made during construction.

Additionally, any relevant information required for Facility Management is added to the Information Models.

COBie for Architectural Asset Management

Aggregated AIM

COBie for MEP Asset Management

Uploaded to Common Data Environment 12.4 Tools Used

Update Architectural PIM

COBie for Architectural Asset Management

Update Structural PIM

Aggregated AIM

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Update MEP PIM

COBie for MEP Asset Management

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12.5 Recommendations for Future Projects Using Autodesk’s Interoperability Tool, the COBie Extension for Revit used to produce COBie Spreadsheets has some limitations to be considered; although it can be a huge timesaver and potentially eliminate human errors, if the information model is not built intently with this use-case in mind, the accuracy of COBie data will not be guaranteed and will have to be inserted manually. This can be avoided by using families containing all the data required, with coordinated parameters’ naming for easier Data Mapping. It is recommended that the families used are screened and edited to fit the criteria and meet Office standards or alternatively, built from scratch.

Furthermore, exploring other OpenBIM tools for COBie procurement, such as BIMServer or BIM Vision + COBie Exporter addin, is preferable and is strongly recommended for future projects since working with different authorizing tools is common and expected in an OpenBIM workflow, it is best to establish a workflow that is able to accomplish the task by using IFCs directly.

13. Thesis Conclusion: The Case for OpenBIM in Integrated Project Delivery The utilization of OpenBIM standards was key in the completion and delivery of all the Data Exchange requirements of the WeZig pilot project. Allowing the different task teams to opt for the best tool fit for purpose guarantees the best result technology can offer to fulfill all the mandated project deliveries.

Stage 1: Design At this stage, while using Revit, it is difficult to achieve the level of geometrical detail required as Revit is not optimized for modeling steel structures.

Stage 2: Construction The model successfully meets the required level of geometrical development for Construction and Fabrication, as it was modeled using Tekla Structures, a specialized software.

Figure 20. Comparing the capabilities of Autodesk Revit and Tekla Structures in authorizing Steel Structures

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There is no one vendor or software offering solutions for all problems, fit for all purposes and all the different BIM use-cases. By making collaboration vendor-neutral, OpenBIM extends the benefits of BIM, scope and functions, while creating a stronger Business case for BIM adoption by increasing value added to Appointing Party.

The value-added for the owner(s) as well as the built asset industry includes; • supporting the use of a Common Data Environment where the all data exchanges use the standardized file format, IFC, allowing all collaborators to keep track of project progress and coordinate, • interoperability and vendor-neutral standards allow for reliable data exchanges, • ensuring sustainability by guaranteeing the viability and accessibility of project data in the longterm, throughout the asset lifecycle, • enabling the participation and competition of all software vendors regardless of size, and therefore, accelerating the technological innovation in this field, following an open, free market model.

OpenBIM standards have revolutionized Building Information Modeling, transforming the landscape of the traditionally fragmented AECO industry into an open, transparent, interdisciplinary and collaborative one. Considering all the clear business, societal and asset performance benefits made possible with OpenBIM, it is evidently and unequivocally, the future of the AECO industry.

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List of Figures Figure 1. WeZig High-rise Office Building perspective view Figure 2. Interfaces between parties and teams for the purpose of information management (ISO 19650-2, 2018) Figure 3. Lead Appointed Party’s team Structure and Roles for all stages of the WeZig Pilot Project Figure 4. big BIM and little BIM (Liebich et al., 2011) Figure 5. Diagram showing of big OpenBIM Implementation from WeZig Office Building Figure 6. WeZig Project’s Roadmap board Example Figure 7. WeZig Project’s User Story Map board Example Figure 8. WeZig Project’s Sprint Planning board Example Figure 9. WeZig Project’s Sprint Backlog board Example Figure 10. Design Review Meetings Protocol Figure 11. QA/QC Tools and Workflow Used Figure 12. WeZig Project Stages comparison with RIBA’s Plan of Work Figure 13. Chart illustrating Key Information Exchanges and Deliveries in all Stages Figure 14. Part of the Exchange Requirement, IDM Figure 15. Information Strategy followed in PIMs Figure 16. Hamburger Model (BuildingSMART, 2018) Figure 17. Comparing MEP Demand & Supplier Models Figure 18. Comparing Architectural Demand & Supplier Models Figure 19. Comparing Structural Demand & Supplier Models Figure 20. Comparing the capabilities of Autodesk Revit and Tekla Structures in authorizing Steel Structures

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List of Tables

Table 1. Roles and Responsibilities of Lead Appointed Party Team Members Table 2. Team Structure of the Lead Appointed Party, BIMCreative Table 3. Comparing the content of the EIR and BEP and how it relates; the BEP answers to the EIR.

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References The Pennsylvania State University. (2010). Building Information Modeling Execution Planning Guide (Vol. 2.0).

Baier, Christian. (2016). Development of a process model for the holistic use of BIM methodology for sustainable construction in the public sector. 10.13140/RG.2.1.2741.0328.

Sakikhales, Mohammad & Stravoravdis, Spyros. (2017). Using Agile Project Management and BIM for Improved Building Performance. 10.1007/978-3-319-50346-2_5.

BS ISO. (2019). First WD WI 442023 CEN/TR Guidance for understanding and using EN ISO 29481-1 (Rep.).

ISO. (2010). ISO 29481-1 2010: Building information modeling - Information delivery manual - Part 1: Methodology and format. International Organization for Standardization.

ISO. (2007). ISO 12006-3:2007 Building construction - Organization of information about construction works - part 3: Framework for object-oriented information.

ISO. (2015). ISO 12006-2:2015 Building Construction - organization of information about construction works - part 2: framework for classification. International Organization for Standardization.

ISO. (2018). ISO 19650-1:2018 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modeling - Information management using building information modeling: Concepts and principles.

ISO. (2018). ISO 19650-2:2018 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modeling - Information management using building information modeling: Delivery phase of the assets.

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Appendix Please find the following documents by clicking on the grey Square icons or by scanning the corresponding

Information Exchanges or Deliverables

Managerial Documents

QR codes.

EIR

To view all the

Employer’s Information Requirements

BEP

MIDP

IDM

Master Information Delivery Plan

Information Delivery Manual

Stage 1— Design

Stage 2— Construction

The design Stage package includes—

Pre-appointment BIM Execution Plan

Managerial Documents scan the QR code below.

Stage 3— Handover

The Construction Stage package includes—

The Handover Stage package includes—

Demand PIMs

AIMs

2D Drawings

2D Drawings

Supply PIMs 2D Drawings

Visualizations

Masters in Global BIM Management

To access all project deliverables, scan this QR code.

To view the Visualizations produced for the project, click on the icon or scan the corresponding QR code.

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Master’s in Global BIM Management © 2019 — 2020