Page 12 to

Fig.: 1

CONCLUSION

Overall, the garment is of very good quality for its retail price. Efforts for extra strength and appealing optic were taken and design detail like the placket are executed nicely, so the shirt can be handed down to other children when grown out. But this might be the only sustainable bit since the shirt is not yet part of H&M (2022) promise: “All polyester used in our products will be 100% recycled by 2025” or “We only source 100% recycled or more sustainably-sourced materials by 2030.” But with only 3 years left to fulfil the goal, this might be a good time for some changes, especially for kids wear in large quantities and a supplier more than happy to adapt and expand for H&M. (Knit Group, 2019) Especially the cotton/ polyester blend is still a big problem for recycling, the methods to separate them again involve a lot of chemicals, special machinery and expertise. (See appendix p. 22 for more information).

So if the goal is to make fashion more circular, 100% cotton might be a better choice in particular for a garment with a high level of detail and durability. Certifications, the use of organic cotton or recycled polyester could justify a slight rise of the retail price to about £9,99, enhancing the sustainability and a better use of resources.

REFERENCES 17

• H&M, 2022. Cotton piqué polo shirt - Light orange/Striped - Kids | H&M GB. [online] H&M. Available at: <https://www2.hm.com/en_gb/product-

page.0933591004.html> [Accessed 28 March 2022]. • Eberle, H., 2014. Clothing Technology. 6th ed. Berlin: Europa Verlag, pp.8-222. • Iberuptius aut occus. Itam quae porenda nis quias et alit qui destio cusdame quias ipsant Kininmonth, J., 2021. (Lecture to Natural Fibres, Nottingham Trent University) 9th March 2022. • qui iure volore int labo. Uciliquia asimod qui sim hilitio rruntum repudi odi toribus. Mountain, N., 2021. The Critical Path. [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 18.October. • Labo. Ucit fugit idel into dolores molor aut doluptae ernatibus sitionecae cum quatibu Fashionary Team, 2020. Textilepedia. 1st ed. Hong Kong: Fashionary International Ltd. • scitium faciam nihilli stiorene reruptatur? Fashionary Team, 2019. The Fashion Business Manual. 1st ed. Hong Kong: Fashionary International Ltd. • Officium, sitat autem volorrum qui doluptatet magnam nes es aut et mollatus adi TextileExchange, 2021. Preferred Fiber and Materials Market Report. Available at: <https://textileexchange.org/preferred-fiber-and-materials-market-redoluptatet port/> [Accessed 5 May 2022]. • Silver Bobbin. n.d. What Is Piqué Knit Fabric?. [online] Available at: <https://silverbobbin.com/what-is-pique-knit-fabric/> [Accessed 28 April 2022]. • Fibre2Fashion, 2022. Interlinings : Fashion Garments( Denim, Casual, Knit, Suits ), 150 cm Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Interlinings : Fashion Garments( Denim, Casual, Knit, Suits ), 150 cm - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Fibre2fashion.com. Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/ clothingaccessories/interlinings-suppliers-16121707> [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • Hallett, C. and Johnston, A., 2014. Fabric for fashion. London: Laurence King Publishing, pp.22-60. • Muralidharan, B. and Laya, S., 2011. A New Approach to Dyeing of 80 : 20 Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric Using Disperse and Reactive Dyes. ISRN

Materials Science, [online] 2011, pp.1-12. Available at: <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2011/907493/> [Accessed 8 May 2022]. • Pantone, 2022. Kids Polo Shirt Colours. [image] Available at: <https://connect.pantone.com/#/picker?pantoneBook=pantonePastelsNeonsUncoated> [Accessed 6 May 2022].

• The Knit Concern, 2019. Knit Concern | 100% Export Oriented Composite Knitwear Solution. [online] Knitconcern.com. Available at: <http://knitconcern. com> [Accessed 2 April 2022]. • Amann, n.d. stitch types & sewing thread requirement.. Amann Group, pp.5-9. • Fashionary Team, 2017. Fashionpedia. 1st ed. Hong Kong: Fashionary International Ltd. • Udale, J., 2014. Textiles and fashion: exploring printed textiles, knitwear, embroidery, menswear and womenswear. 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury, p.126. • Fongsengineering.com. 2011. Fong’s National Engineering Company Limited. [online] Available at: <http://www.fongsengineering.com/en-us/success_ stories/detail/9> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • Textile News, Apparel News, RMG News, Fashion Trends. 2018. Knit Concern installed Fong’s new patented technology machine TECWIN. [online] Available at: <https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/knit-concern-installed-fongs-new-patented-technology-machine-tecwin/> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • CleanClothes.org, 2019. Still un(der) paid. [table] Available at: https://labourbehindthelabel.org/report-still-underpaid-how-the-garment-industry-failedto-pay-its-workers-during-the-pandemic/ [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • Holidays, N. and Ltd., O., 2022. National Holidays in Sweden in 2022 | Office Holidays. [online] Office Holidays. Available at: <https://www.officeholidays. com/countries/sweden/2022> [Accessed 2 May 2022]. • Jackson, T, & Shaw, D 2000, Mastering Fashion Buying and Merchandising Management, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, London. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [29 November 2021]. • Maslow, A., 1970. Motivation and Personality. 3rd ed. Harper & Brothers. • McLeod, S., 2022. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. [online] Simplypsychology.org. Available at: <https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html> [Ac-

cessed 10 May 2022].

• Silver Bobbin. n.d. What Is Piqué Knit Fabric?. [online] Available at: <https://silverbobbin.com/what-is-pique-knit-fabric/> [Accessed 28 April 2022]. • Hall, C., 2021. Fashion’s Raw Material Price Rises Felt From New York to Karachi. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: <https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/global-markets/fashions-raw-material-price-rises-felt-from-new-york-to-karachi/> [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • Lüthi, M., 2021. Do you see world breaking away from cotton & polyester any time soon?. [online] Fibre2fashion.com. Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/fibre-news/do-you-see-world-breaking-away-from-cotton-polyester-any-time-soon--272846-newsdetails.htm> [Accessed 6 May 2022].

• Blum, P., 2021. Circular fashion. 1st ed. London: Laurence King Publishing, pp.14-106. • TextileExchange, 2021. Preferred Fiber and Materials Market Report. Available at: <https://textileexchange.org/preferred-fiber-and-materials-market-re-

port/> [Accessed 5 May 2022]. • H&M. 2022. Polo shirt - Bright blue - Kids | H&M GB. [online] Available at: <https://www2.hm.com/en_gb/productpage.0718081030.html> [Accessed 7 May 2022].

• Love, A., 2022. Costing in the fashion industry. [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 07.March. • Amann, n.d. stitch types & sewing thread requirement.. Amann Group, pp.5-9. • Miller, K., 2020. The Triple Bottom Line: What It Is & Why It’s Important. [online] Business Insights Blog. Available at: <https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/ what-is-the-triple-bottom-line> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • The Economist. 2009. Triple bottom line. [online] Available at: <https://www.economist.com/news/2009/11/17/triple-bottom-line> [Accessed 12 May 2022]. • Grose, V., 2021. A practical guide to the fashion industry: Concept to Consumer. 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury visual arts. • Boardman, R., Parker-Strak, R. and Henninger, C., 2020. Fashion Buying and Merchandising. Oxon: Routledge, pp.78-85. • Take-Profit. 2022. Bangladesh Wages 2022 | Minimum & Average. [online] Available at: <https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/wages/bangladesh/> [Accessed 1 May 2022].

• Khan, Islam, M. and Wichterich, C., 2015. Safety and labour conditions: the accord and the national tripartite plan of action for the garment industry of Bangladesh.. [online] Global-labour-university.org. Available at: <https://global-labour-university.org/fileadmin/GLU_Column/papers/no_212_Khan_and_Wichterich.pdf> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • Fongsengineering.com. 2013. Knit Concern Group. [online] Available at: <http://www.fongsengineering.com/en-us/success_stories/detail/9> [Accessed 29 April 2022]. • Willem te Velde, D., Moazzem, K. and Woodruff, C., 2014. enhancing productivity in Bangladesh’s garment sector. Growth research program. [online] UK Government. Available at: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a089dfed915d622c000435/60970_Bangladesh_garment_sector_essays.pdf> [Accessed 15 May 2022].

• Ganbold, S., 2020. Bangladesh: export value of ready-made garments 2020. [online] Statista. Available at: <https://www.statista.com/statistics/987707/ bangladesh-export-value-garments/> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • Dfsworldwide.com. 2022. UK/Bangladesh Commercial Shipping | 20/40f Container Sea & Air Freight. [online] Available at: <https://www.dfsworldwide.com/ Shipping-to-Bangladesh.html> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • Mollah, J. The Textile Magazine. 2016. Knit Concern Group emerges Bangladesh leader in knitwear fabric making. [online] Available at: <https://www.indiantextilemagazine.in/knit-concern-group-emerges-bangladesh-leader-in-knitwear-fabric-making/> [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • H&M, 2022. Cotton piqué polo shirt - Light orange/Striped - Kids | H&M GB. [online] H&M. Available at: <https://www2.hm.com/en_gb/product-

page.0933591004.html> [Accessed 28 March 2022]. • Claeson, B., 2015. OUR VOICES, OUR SAFETY: Bangladeshi Garment Workers Speak Out. [online] Washington: International Labor Rights Forum. Available at: <https://laborrights.org/sites/default/files/publications/Our%20Voices,%20Our%20Safety%20Online_1.pdf> [Accessed 7 May 2022]. • Love, A.; Mountain, N., 2022. Ethics and sourcing. [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 21. March. • Smart Freight Centre. 2022. Reduce emissions | Smart Freight Centre. [online] Available at: <https://www.smartfreightcentre.org/en/smart-freight-solu-

tions/> [Accessed 14 May 2022]. • H&M, 2022. Goals and ambition. [online] H&M Group. Available at: <https://hmgroup.com/sustainability/leading-the-change/goals-and-ambitions/> [Ac-

cessed 19 May 2022].

• Amann, n.d. stitch types & sewing thread requirement.. Amann Group, pp.5-9. • Bcwsbd.org. n.d. Bangladesh Center for Workers Solidarity. [online] Available at: <https://www.bcwsbd.org/page> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • Blum, P., 2021. Circular fashion. 1st ed. London: Laurence King Publishing, pp.14-106. • Boardman, R., Parker-Strak, R. and Henninger, C., 2020. Fashion Buying and Merchandising. Oxon: Routledge, pp.78-85. • Bosforustextile.com. n.d. Bosforus Textile | Pique Knit Fabric. [online] Available at: <http://bosforustextile.com/pique_knit_fabric.html> [Accessed 28

Iberuptius aut occus. Itam quae porenda nis quias et alit qui destio cusdame quias ipsant qui iure volore int labo. Uciliquia asimod qui sim hilitio rruntum repudi odi toribus. Labo. Ucit fugit idel into dolores molor aut doluptae ernatibus sitionecae cum quatibu scitium faciam nihilli stiorene reruptatur?April 2022]. • Officium, sitat autem volorrum qui doluptatet magnam nes es aut et mollatus adi doluptatet Business of Fashion, 2021. State The State of Fashion 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/reports/news-analysis/the-stateof-fashion-2022-industry-report-bof-mckinsey/ [Accessed 19 Feburary 2022]. • Claeson, B., 2015. OUR VOICES, OUR SAFETY: Bangladeshi Garment Workers Speak Out. [online] Washington: International Labor Rights Forum. Available at: <https://laborrights.org/sites/default/files/publications/Our%20Voices,%20Our%20Safety%20Online_1.pdf> [Accessed 7 May 2022]. • Clean Clothes, 2015. Bangladesh Factsheet February 2015. [online] Clean Clothes Campaign. Available at: <https://cleanclothes.org/file-repository/resources-publications-factsheets-bangladesh-factsheet-2-2015.pdf/view> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • Clean Clothes Campaign. n.d. Poverty wages. [online] Available at: <https://cleanclothes.org/poverty-wages> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • Dfsworldwide.com. 2022. UK/Bangladesh Commercial Shipping | 20/40f Container Sea & Air Freight. [online] Available at: <https://www.dfsworldwide. com/Shipping-to-Bangladesh.html> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • Dillon, S., 2022. The Fundamentals of Fashion Management. 2nd ed. New York: Bloomsbury. • Eberle, H., 2014. Clothing Technology. 6th ed. Berlin: Europa Verlag, pp.8-222. • Erol, S., 2016. The Impact of Distance and Narrow Waterway on Voyage Cost: Cost Formulation and Implementation on a Dry Bulk Carrier. [online] Research Gate. Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298427712_The_Impact_of_Distance_and_Narrow_Waterway_on_Voyage_Cost_ Cost_Formulation_and_Implementation_on_a_Dry_Bulk_Carrier> [Accessed 10 May 2022]. • Fashinza’s Blog | Clothing Manufacturer | Supplier | Ethical & Sustainable Apparel’s. n.d. What Are The Different Types of Pique Knits and How To Use Them in Designing Clothes?. [online] Available at: <https://fashinza.com/textile/tips-for-fashion-brands/what-are-the-different-types-of-pique-knits-andhow-to-use-them-in-designing-clothes/> [Accessed 28 April 2022]. • Fashionary Team, 2020. Textilepedia. 1st ed. Hong Kong: Fashionary International Ltd. • Fashionary Team, 2019. The Fashion Business Manual. 1st ed. Hong Kong: Fashionary International Ltd. • Fashionary Team, 2017. Fashionpedia. 1st ed. Hong Kong: Fashionary International Ltd. • Fibre2Fashion. n.d. Fibre! Fibre burning bright: State of fibres. [online] Available at: <https://online.fliphtml5.com/wokmg/hlwk/#p=22> [Accessed 5 May 2022].

• Fibre2Fashion, 2022. Interlinings : Fashion Garments( Denim, Casual, Knit, Suits ), 150 cm Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Interlinings : Fashion Garments( Denim, Casual, Knit, Suits ), 150 cm - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Fibre2fashion.com. Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/ clothingaccessories/interlinings-suppliers-16121707> [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2021. Global fibre production likely to rise 34% by 2030: Textile Exchange. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/ news/fibre-news/global-fibre-production-likely-to-rise-34-by-2030-textile-exchange-276180-newsdetails.htm> [Accessed 5 May 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2022. Interlinings : Fashion Garments( Denim, Casual, Knit, Suits ), 150 cm Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Interlinings : Fashion Garments( Denim, Casual, Knit, Suits ), 150 cm - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/clothingac-

cessories/interlinings-suppliers-16121707> [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2022. Kid’s Polo shirt Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Kid’s Polo shirt - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/garments/kid-s-polo-shirt-suppliers-21194372> [Accessed 29 April 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2022. Kid’s Polo shirt Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Kid’s Polo shirt - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/garments/kid-s-polo-shirt-suppliers-21194372> [Accessed 29 April 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2022. Pique Fabric : 220GSM, Dyed, Circular Knit Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Pique Fabric : 220GSM, Dyed, Circular Knit - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/fabrics/pique-fabric-suppliers-17130073> [Accessed 29 April 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2022. Polo shirt Manufacturers | Polo shirt Suppliers. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/garments/SearchResult. aspx?Pid=340&P=Polo+shirt&Sid=36&S=Kids+Wear&Type=Suppliers> [Accessed 29 April 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2022. Polyester / Cotton Blend Yarn Suppliers - Wholesale Manufacturers and Suppliers For Polyester / Cotton Blend Yarn - Fibre2Fashion. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/yarns/polyester-cotton-blend-yarn-suppliers-21195397> [Accessed 28 April 2022]. • Fibre2fashion.com. 2021. Polyester yarn prices expected to drop in upcoming period: TexPro. [online] Available at: <https://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/ textile-news/polyester-yarn-prices-expected-to-drop-in-upcoming-period-texpro-273718-newsdetails.htm> [Accessed 5 May 2022]. • Fongsengineering.com. 2011. Fong’s National Engineering Company Limited. [online] Available at: <http://www.fongsengineering.com/en-us/success_sto-

ries/detail/9> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • Ganbold, S., 2020. Bangladesh: export value of ready-made garments 2020. [online] Statista. Available at: <https://www.statista.com/statistics/987707/ bangladesh-export-value-garments/> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • Gordon, S., 2022.Quality Management Systems. [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 25. April. • Grose, V., 2021. A practical guide to the fashion industry: Concept to Consumer. 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury visual arts. • Grumbach, D., 2014. History of international fashion. Northhampton: Interlink books. • Gwilt, A., 2020. A practical guide to sustainable fashion 2nd ed.. London: Bloomsbury Publishing USA • Hall, C., 2021. Fashion’s Raw Material Price Rises Felt From New York to Karachi. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: <https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/global-markets/fashions-raw-material-price-rises-felt-from-new-york-to-karachi/> [Accessed 6 May 2022]. • Hallett, C. and Johnston, A., 2014. Fabric for fashion. London: Laurence King Publishing, pp.22-60. • Hart, J., 2022. Weft Knitted Garment Production Routes [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 31. January. • Hart, J., 2022. COMPONENTS, TRIMS & INTERLININGS [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 14. February. • Holidays, N. and Ltd., O., 2022. National Holidays in Sweden in 2022 | Office Holidays. [online] Office Holidays. Available at: <https://www.officeholidays. com/countries/sweden/2022> [Accessed 2 May 2022]. • H&M, 2022. Code of Conduct. [online] H&M. Available at: <https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hm/about/documents/en/CSR/codeofconduct/Code%20 of%20Conduct_en.pdf> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • H&M, 2022. Cotton piqué polo shirt - Light orange/Striped - Kids | H&M GB. [online] H&M. Available at: <https://www2.hm.com/en_gb/product-

page.0933591004.html> [Accessed 28 March 2022]. • H&M, 2022. CSR Code of Ethics. [online] H&M. Available at: <https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hm/about/documents/en/CSR/Policies/Code%20of%20 Ethics%20business%20partners_en.pdf> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • H&M. 2022. Polo shirt - Bright blue - Kids | H&M GB. [online] Available at: <https://www2.hm.com/en_gb/productpage.0718081030.html> [Accessed 7 May 2022].

• H&M, 2022. Goals and ambition. [online] H&M Group. Available at: <https://hmgroup.com/sustainability/leading-the-change/goals-and-ambitions/> [Ac-

cessed 19 May 2022].

• Ilo.org. 2013. Bangladesh - Bangladesh Labour (Amendment) Act, 2013 (Act No. 30 of 2013).. [online] Available at: <https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4. detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=94286&p_classification=01.02> [Accessed 1 May 2022]. • Jackson, T, & Shaw, D 2000, Mastering Fashion Buying and Merchandising Management, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, London. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [29 November 2021]. • Khan, Islam, M. and Wichterich, C., 2015. Safety and labour conditions: the accord and the national tripartite plan of action for the garment industry of Bangladesh.. [online] Global-labour-university.org. Available at: <https://global-labour-university.org/fileadmin/GLU_Column/papers/no_212_Khan_and_ Wichterich.pdf> [Accessed 13 May 2022]. • Kininmonth, J., 2021. (Lecture to Natural Fibres, Nottingham Trent University) 9th March 2022. • Kininmonth, J., 2021.Man-made (Manufactured) Fibres: Synthetics [Lecture at Nottingham Trent University]. 1.November. • Knit Concern, 2019. Yarn Dyeing. [image] Available at: <http://knitconcern.com/yarn-dyeing.htm> [Accessed 3 May 2022]. • Kuehne + Nagel. 2021. Sustainability Report 2021. [online] Available at: <https://home.kuehne-nagel.com/-/company/sustainability-report-2021> [Accessed 14 May 2022].