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中国共产党成立100周年 the 100th anniversary of the founding of the communist party of china Voice of Sri Lanka- China Friendship 斯里兰卡中国友谊之声

镜像中国特刊 Special issue of China Mirror

;%sNdId-oaù udislh | Trilingual-Bi Monthly | 三语双月刊

Volume 03 | Issue 03 - May - June

Our party’s history started its First National Congress in 1921. No matter how far we have traveled, we must never forget where we started President Xi Jinping

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热烈庆祝中国共产党成立100周年 1921—2021 Warmly celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China 斯里兰卡华侨华人联合会敬贺 Congrats from Sri Lanka Overseas Chinese Association

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fm< .eiau 目录 Contents Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha id¾:lNdjhka ms<sn|j Ysq ,dxlsl úoaj;=kaf.a ixlaIsma; woyia iys; ú⁣fYaI w;sf¾lhla fuu i.rdjg wuqKd ;sfnk nj i,lkak¡ Voice of Sri Lanka- China Friendship 斯里兰卡中国友谊之声 ;%sNdId-oaù udislh | Trilingual-Bi Monthly | 三语双月刊

Volume 03 | Issue 03 - May - June

Please note that a special supplement is attached to this magazine with concise remarks by Sri Lankan digniteries on the successes of the Communist Party of China.

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m%;sm;a;s ksid ;uhs Ökhg id¾:l .ukla tkak mq¿jka jqfKa' Y%S ,xldfõ fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl ysgmq wud;H äõ .=Kfialr

The ruling party that led 1.4 billion people out of poverty and into prosperity 带领十四亿人民脱贫致富的执政党 Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China 庆祝中国共产党建党一百周年 Xushi Yin'e

44 48

Five-year plans-CPC’s Great Aspiration & Mission

Ök fldñhqksÜia mlaIfha cd;sl iïfï,k tod isg wo olajd

president

Policy Direction of Communist Party of China on SilkRoad Tourism and Best Practices on Tourism Development in Sri Lanka

IS ðkamsx ckdêm;sjrhd Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha .ukg fhdaO Yla;shla ,ndÿkakd

83 87 89 96

Xi Jinping

ysgmq wud;H" md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S ffjoH rdð; fiakdr;ak uy;d iuÕ bkaødkkao wfífialr úiska isÿlrk ,o idlÉPdj International Department Central Committee of CPC International Outlook of CPC Revolution

kj Ökfha f;dá,a, fyj;a Ökfha brKu ;SrKh l< ISndhsfmda (Xibaipo 西柏坡镇) Association for Sri Lanka- China Social & Cultural Cooperation Always with CPC

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l;= jelsh

Editorial

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha M,odhs ùfrdaOdr iy wdo¾Yj;a .ukg jir 100la imsfrhs' ta 2021 cQ,s ui m<uq jeksodghs'

The effective , heroic and exemplary journey of the Chinese Communist Party turns 100 years. That is on the 1st of July 2021.

iudcjdoh ms<sn| ud´ fia;=x Ñka;kfhka wdrïN ù" Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdohg wkq.;j fï jk úg kj hq.hla i|yd jk Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh ;=<ska rg ixj¾Okh lsÍug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg yels ù ;sfí'

The Communist Party of China has been able to develop the country through socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, beginning with Mao Zedong's thought on socialism and adapting to socialism with Chinese characteristics.

;=kajeks f,dalfha foaYmd,k mlaIhla f,i Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh f,djg ,nd § we;s wdo¾Y /ils' tfukau tu mlaIh f,dalhg fmkajd ÿka jeo.;au ldrKhla jkafka ck;dj m%:u ia:dkfha ;eîuh' tmuKla fkdj ish¨ foaYmd,k mlaIj,g fmkajd ÿkafka rgl iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh idlaId;a lr.ekSug mlaI úkh uq,a ;efklu ;sìh hq;=njh'

As a Third World political party, the Communist Party of China has set many examples for the world. And one of the most important things that the party showed to the world was to put the people in the first place. It also pointed out to all political parties that party discipline should be paramount in achieving social and economic development in a country.

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ieneúkau ÿla .eyeg ú| Ôú; mrÿjg ;nd foaYfma%ó;ajh ms<sn| ienE wre; f,djg lshd ÿka mlaIhls' úYd, ck.ykhla iys; rgla jir ishhl ld,hla ;=< f,dj fojeksu wd¾Ól n,j;d lsÍug;a ;=kajeks f,dalfha rgla yeáhg oßø;djh iïmQ¾Kfhka ;=rka lsÍug;a iudc ixj¾Okh ch.%yK /ila w;alr.ekSug;a Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh lghq;= l< wdldrh úYauh ckl b;sydihla ks¾udKh fldg ;sfí' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh fkdue;sj kj Ökhla fkdue;h' fuh Ökfha iEu ;efklu ish¨ ck;dj w;r me;sr .sh lshukls' Ök levm;g fmfkkafka fuu lshuk ms<sn|j wmo wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=njh' wm is;d ne,sh hq;af;a ck;dj tf,i mjikafka wehso hkakh' tuÕska rgl ixj¾Okh ms<sn| fndfyda ldrKd bf.k .; yels hehs wms is;uq' úúO cd;Hka;r n,fõ.hka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ÿ¾j, lrkakg .kakd jEhuo wmg fmfka' tfy;a tu W;aidyhka M, rys; nj meyeÈ,sh' tu W;aidyhka ;=<ska Ök ck;dj uev mj;ajkakg fkdyels úh' Bg m%Odk fya;=j jkafka Ök ck;dj Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh flfrys ;nd we;s oeä úYajdiNdjh hehs wms is;uq' tfukau Ök kdhl;ajh ;=< ;sfnk úkh .rel;ajh" ck;d fiajhg we;s lemùu" ck;dj iuÕ bÈßhg hEu iy foaYfma%ó;ajh" Ökh ish¨ Yla;Skaf.ka n,j;a lsÍug iu;a ù ;sfí' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha .uka u. .ek fuys,d i|yka fkdlrkafka fuys wka;¾ .; ,sms j,ska th meyeÈ,s jk neúks' Y%S ,xld-Ök iudc yd ixialD;sl iyfhda.;d ix.uh Ök levm; iÕrdj Y%S ,xld-Ök ñ;%;ajfha y~ f,i i<lhs' tneúka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha fuu fY%aIaG ixj;airh ksñ;af;ka msgq ishhl Ök levm; iÕrdjla t<s olajkakg wms is;=fjuq' wm rfÜ úúO úoaj;=kag fï i|yd odhljkakg wm wdrdOkd lf<a fock;d ñ;%;ajh fmroeß fldg f.kh' wms Ök levm;g foaYmd,k mlaI j,skao m‚úv wfmalaId lf<uq' we;eï mlaI b;d ´kElñka hq;=j Ök levm;g tu m‚úv ,ndÿka nj;a wm ish¨ rdcH kdhlhka Ök levmf;ka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg iqn me;+ nj;a fuys,d i|yka l< hq;=uh' Ök rdcH ;dka;%slhka iy ol=Kq wdishdkq fock;d ñ;% ixúOdk kdhlhkao f.!rjfhka isysm;a lruq' tfukau Ökfha udOH wdh;k iy m%ldYK uÕskao Ök levm;g f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSug wms Wkkaÿ jQfhuq' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 100 jeks ixj;airh iure úfYaI l,dmhg odhl jQ ish¨ mqoa.,hkag Ök levm; lD;{;dj mqo lruq'

The Chinese Communist Party is a party that has truly suffered and risked its life to teach the world the true meaning of patriotism. Over the course of a hundred years, the Chinese Communist Party has created an astonishing history by becoming the world's second-largest economy, eradicating poverty completely as a third world country, and gaining achievements in social development. There is no new China without the Chinese Communist Party. This is a saying that has spread among people all over China. The Chinese mirror shows that we too should pay attention to this saying. We need to think about why people say that. We think it can learn a lot about the development of a country. We also see the efforts of various international forces to weaken the Communist Party of China. But it is clear that those efforts have been in vain. Those attempts could not suppress the Chinese people. We think the main reason for this is the strong faith of the Chinese people in the Communist Party of China. At the same time, the discipline of the Chinese leadership, the commitment to serve the people, to move forward with the people and patriotism have enabled China to empower itself with all its might. The path of the Chinese Communist Party is not mentioned here as it is clear from the articles contained here in this. The Association for Sri Lanka-China Social and Cultural Cooperation views China Mirror Magazine as the voice of Sri Lanka-China friendship. So we thought of launching a hundred-page China Mirror magazine to mark this great anniversary of the Communist Party of China. We invited various scholars of our country to contribute to this cause in view of the people to people friendship. We also expected messages to the China Mirror from political parties. It should be noted that some parties deliberately conveyed those messages to the China Mirror and all our heads of state greeted the Communist Party of China through the China Mirror. We also pay tribute to Chinese diplomats and leaders of South Asian people to people friendship organizations. We were also interested in finding information to China Mirror through Chinese media institutes and publications including People’s Daily and Xinhua Net. The China Mirror would like to thank all those who contributed to the special issue commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China.

Greeting Message

President of Sri Lanka

It is with great pleasure I offer my felicitation to Communist Part of China (CPC), which is committed to uphold human right and fundamental freedoms as well as the development, on this occasion of celebrating its 100th Anniversary. Collective efforts and optimism are the focal factors behind the vicarious journey of Chinese people and at present they are reaping the benefits of suffering and commitments they made in the past to transform China in to strong modernized nation. The Chinese communist Party has attracted worldwide attention as the most powerful political party in the world. During its long political journey, Sri Lanka also worked closely with the CPC without being contrary to ties between Sri Lanka and China is evident from the solid friendship between the two nations. The foundation for this bond is long-lasting mutual trust and understanding At this historic occasion. I take opportunity to recall the historical records of the visit of Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian and the “Sellipi’’ (inscriptions) of Zheng He as living sources firmly establish the friendship between the two countries. I believe today that the Association for ‘Sri Lanka China Social and Cultural Cooperation’ is currently experiencing the affection that prevailed between the two nations from ancient time, apart from the strong diplomatic relation between China and Sri Lanka. I highly appreciate the companionship shown by the ‘Association for Sri Lanka China Social and Cultural Cooperation’ demonstration the expansion of ancient China-Sri Lanka bilateral relations at this centenary celebration of the Communist Party of China. Gotabaya Rajapaksa President Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

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iqn me;=ï m‚úvh

Y%S ,xld w.%dud;Hh

YS% ,xld - Ök iudc yd ixialD;sl iyfhda.s;d ix.uh uÕska m%ldYhg m;a lrk —Ök levm;˜iÕrd úfYaI l,dmhg Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 100 jeks ixj;airh ksñ;af;ka iqN me;=ï m‚úvhla ksl=;a lrkafka buy;a i;=fgks' 1921 § msysgqjkq ,enQ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh jir ishhla ;=< Ökfha iudc yd w¾Òl ixj¾Okh i|yd l< widudkH fufyjr iuia; f,dalfhau ms<s.ekSug ,laúh hq;= nj uf.a yeÕSuhs' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI kdhl;ajh hgf;a Ökh iïmQ¾Kfhkau È<s÷lu ;=rka lsÍu f.jqKq ishji ;=< tu mlaIh ,enQ iqúYsIag;u ch.%yKh f,i uu olsñ'ck;dj m<uq ;ek ;eîu ;=<ska Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh iudc ixj¾Okfhys,d f,dalhg wdo¾Yj;a ld¾hNdrhla ;s<sK lr ;sfí' Ök j;auka ckm;s iy Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m%Odk f,alï IS ðkamsx uy;d bÈßm;a l< —;Srhla yd udj;la˜ ixl,amh iuia; f,dalfha iuDoaêh i|yd lemS fmfkk odhl;ajhla imhd we;' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha .uka uÕ Yla;su;a l< ish¨ kdhlhka yd mlaI idudðlhka f.!rjfhka isysm;a lrk w;r Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha ish¨ l¾;jHhka id¾:l fõjdhs m%¾:kd lrñ' uyskao rdcmlaI Y%S ,xld w.%dud;Hh

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iqn me;=ï m‚úvh

l:dkdhl Y%S ,xld md¾,sfïka;=j

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha Y; ixj;airh i|yd Ökh iuÕ i¾jld,;% foaYmd,ksl" wd¾Ól" iudchSh iy udkùh ne£ula iys; Èjhskla jk Y%S ,xldfõ iqNdYsxikh fuys,d uq,skau igyka lrkqfha yo msß i;=fgks' fldfrdakd jix.;h yuqfõ uq¿ f,dalhu wd¾Ól jYfhka mSvdjg m;a fjñka isáho tu ;;a;ajh w;sl%uKh lrñka kQ;k ;dlaIKh fhdodf.k Y%S ,xldj jeks ish ñ;% rgj,a j,g o Ökh úiska ,ndfok ish¨ wdldrfha iyfhda.hka ms<sn|j o fuysÈ uf.a lD;fõ§;ajh m< lrkq leue;af;ñ' kqÿre wkd.;fha§ Y%S ,xldj f,dalh fj; hd flfrk kj flakaøSh n,fõ.h jk fld<U jrdh k.rfhys wyi isidrd kef.k f.dvkeÕs,s fukau nKavdrkdhl wkqiaurK cd;Hka;r iïuka;%K Yd,dj" WmßudêlrKh" ;eme,a uQ,ia:dkh" fk¿ï fmdl=K we;=¿ fndfyda fN!;sluh idOl forg w;r ft;sydislj mej; tk ñ;% in|;d j, uyÕ= m%;sM, nj isys lrkafka i;=áks' Ökh" jevjiï w¾O hg;a úð;jdofhka ksoyi ,nk úg 1949 Tlaf;daïn¾ m<uq Èkfha § f,dalfha ms<s.;a rdcHhla f,i Ökh iuÕ w;aje,a ne|.;a m<uq rdcHhka lsysmh w;r Y%S ,xldjo isá nj uu fuysÈ isys lrkafkñ' Ökh iuÕ ks, ;dkdm;s in|;d 1957 jif¾§ werUqKo" forg w;r rdcH ;dka;%sl iïnkaO;d Bg jvd wE; w;S;hkg ysñlï lshk nj fuys i|yka lrkq leue;af;ñ' Ök Y%S ,xld in|;d w;r iqúfYaI isÿùula jkqfha rn¾ iy,a .súiquhs' th Ökh ;ukag jvd fjkia iudchSh yd foaYmd,ksl l%uhla iys; rdcHhla iuÕ w;s lr.;a m<uq fj<| .súiqu ùuo úfYaI;ajhlS' jir 100l b;sydihlg ysñlï lshk Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha wdrïNl wjêfha§ Y%S ,xldj fukau" Ökho w;sYh lfGdar hqo

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iuhka miq lf<ah' wk;=rej wm lDIs jeú,s l¾udka;hfhka wd¾Ól ch.%yK lrd hkq ms‚i m%h;ak oroa§ uyck Ökh ud´ fia;=xf.a woaú;Sh kdhl;ajfhka ish lDIs wd¾Ólh ld¾ólrKhg fm<ô‚' f,dfõ oreKq;u id.;h f,i ie,fla 1959-1961 ;a w;r iufhys uyck Ökh uqyqK ÿka wNfhda.ldß iuh u;lfha we;s jeäysá ,dxlslhka f,i wm wNsfhda. u;ska kej; ke.S isàug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh úiska ish¨ Ök jeishkag ,nd ÿka wmsßñ; Yla;sh yd uÕ fmkaùu úfYaIfhka we.hsh hq;= nj isys lruq' kj Ökh újD; wd¾Ólhlg m%fõY lr,Sug uq, msrefõo Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhhs' tuÕska" fm!oa.,sl wxYhg jeä wjia:d ,nd foñka" úfYaI w¾Ól l,dm msysgqjd úfoaY wdfhdack i|yd Èß .ekajqKq w;r tu m%;sixialrK M,odhs f,i l%shd;aul jQfha Ökh f.da,Sh n,j;d njg m;alr,Sfï ud¾.ho újr lrñks' tlS id¾:l;ajh w;am;a lr.ekSfuka miq Ökh" fldñhqksiaÜ foaYmd,kh yd Okjd§ wd¾Ólh iuÕ id¾:lj l%shd;aul l< m%:u rg njg m;aùu f.da,Sh foaYmd,kfhys kj keïula i,l=Kq l< nj fkdlsjukdh' kj wd¾Ól m%;sixialrK iuÕ Ökfha w¾Ól ixj¾Ok fõ.h È.ska È.gu j¾Okh jQ w;r" w;S;fha fmrÈ. yd ngysr hd l< mer‚ fiao udj; kej; újD; lsÍfï jHdmD;sh jk —tla ;Srhla-tla udj;la˜ lrd m%úYag úug o thska Ökhg yelshdj ,eì‚' th wm olskqfha mer‚ uq;=ka ñ;a;kaf.a w;S; Y%S úN+;sh N+ñfhys fukau id.rfhyso kej; mqk¾Ôjkhg ,la lsÍula f,isks' Ökh iy Y%S ,xldj w;r jk fï wLKav l,HdK ñ;%;ajfha ia:djr;ajhg fï jkúg ishjil woaú;Sh foaYmd,ksl" iudchSh ld¾hNdrhla bIag lsÍug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfhao odhl;ajh bjy,a úh' w;S;fha fukau wkd.;fha§ o fomd¾Yjhgu iykYS,S f,i fuu iïnkaO;d mj;ajdf.k hdug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha iyfhda.h wmg wjYH jkq we;' w;S;fha§ wmf.a uq;=kañ;a;kaf.ka werUqKq oYl .Kkdjl ñ;%;ajh bÈßhg;a jvd Yla;su;aj mj;ajd f.k hdug wmg yelshdj ,efíjd hkak fï iqúfYaIs wjia:dfõ§ uf.a m%d¾:kdjhs'

uyskao hdmd wfíj¾Ok YS% ,xld md¾,sfïka;=fõ l:dkdhl

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Greeting Message

Opposition Leader of Sri Lanka Parliament

The People’s Republic of China and Sri Lanka have been close friends for over half a century. The Communist Party of China guides the destinies of the Chinese people. Since its founding a century ago, the Communist Party of China has spearheaded the struggle against semi-colonialism, semi-feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism. After the victory in 1949 of the Chinese revolution, of which the vanguard was the Communist Party of China led by Chairman Mao Zedong, the party embarked upon the task of the upliftment of the Chinese people, and especially the peasantry. Based on the social foundation laid by Chairman Mao, the revolutionary reforms of the Chinese economy under the leadership of Chairman Deng Xiaoping and other leaders have resulted in the rapid modernization of China, the eradication of extreme poverty and the upliftment of the living standards of the greatest number of people in the shortest time in economic history. The Communist Party of China has been the great factor of unification of the Chinese state and nation which had been fragmented for centuries by foreign intervention and oppression in alliance with the feudal and comprador capitalist classes of Chinese society. The Communist Party of China has played the major role in the emancipation of women in Chinese society. In the international realm the Communist Party of China has played a great role in supporting the causes of national and

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social liberation, and in creating a more balanced world order characterized by greater equilibrium. The Belt and Road Initiative of the Communist Party of China has been of great assistance in enhancing global connectivity and is of considerable help to the developing countries of the world, located in the Global South. It is impossible for me to forget the assistance given by China, led by the Communist Party of China, during the Presidency of my late father Ranasinghe Premadasa, whose program of providing Free School Uniforms for all schoolchildren in the country was made possible by the generous donation of textiles by China. It was also under the leadership of my late father that a delegation of the Communist Party of China attended as special guest, the convention of the United National Party led at the time by him. I unhesitatingly congratulate the Communist Party of China on its centenary and commend the Association of Sri Lanka-China for Social and Cultural Cooperation on its initiative to issue a special edition of China Mirror on this occasion.

Sajith Premadasa M.P Leader of Opposition Parliament, Sri Lanka

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Greeting Message

Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Sri Lanka

It is my great pleasure to issue the message to the special edition of China Mirror commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In 1921, following the May Fourth Movement, at a time of unprecedented social crisis when the Chinese people were beset by domestic turmoil and foreign aggression, the CPC was born from the meeting of Marxism-Leninism and the Chinese workers’ movement. The emergence of a communist party in China was an epoch-making event, which profoundly changed the course of Chinese history in modern times, the fate and future of the Chinese people and nation, and the direction and pattern of world development. Over the past 100 years, the CPC has always been committed to its founding mission that is to strive for people’s wellbeing and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Party has grown from about 50 party members in 1921 into the world’s largest political party with 91.91 million party members and 4.68 million primary-level party organizations and has established contacts and exchanges with more than 600 political parties and organizations in over 160 countries. During the magnificent course of history, leading and relying on the Chinese people, the CPC has blazed a new path, made outstanding achievements and created an incredible miracle in the history of the Chinese national development and human civilization progress. The leadership of CPC is not only the choice of the times but also the choice of the Chinese people. The CPC strives for both the wellbeing of the Chinese people and human progress. To make new and greater contributions for mankind is the Party’s abiding mission. The world today is experiencing profound changes unseen in a century with COVID-19 still raging the world. The CPC is committed to the path of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation in dealing with international relations to build a community with a shard future for mankind. China and Sri Lanka are good neighbors looking out for each

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other, good friends treating each other with equality and trust, and good partners in mutually-beneficial cooperation. Our two countries and peoples have always been standing firmly together, and extending a helping hand to each other. At present, when the whole world is fighting the pandemic and facing the shortage of vaccines. China has donated 600,000 doses and another 500,000 doses to Sri Lanka to address Sri Lanka’s urgent need. Another 14 million doses will be provided through procurement. Withstanding the test of the pandemic, China-Sri Lanka strategic cooperative partnership based on sincere and mutual assistance and everlasting friendship will elevate to a new level. I would like to avail of this occasion to extend my heartfelt gratitude through China Mirror to all people and friends from all walks of life in Sri Lanka who are friendly towards the Chinese people, and who have shown understanding and support for China’s revolution, construction, and reform. Wish China – Sri Lanka friendship last forever! Qi Zhenhong Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People’s Republic of China to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

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Greeting Message

Sri Lanka Ambassador to China

It gives me great pleasure to provide this message on the occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Communist Party of China. Today China is a historical miracle’ for milliennia it was perhaps the most prosperous country in the world. Now, after a century of foreign exploitation and internal strife, the speed with which it has emerged from being a struggling poor country to being the second biggest economy in the world, in just 70 short years, is mind numbing. The World Bank expects it to become the biggest economy in the world in the next nine to ten years. Forty years ago go, it was poorer than many countries of the world. Certainly poorer than Sri Lanka. Today it has lifted 800 million people out of poverty. Absolute poverty had been eliminated in China’ this has been achieved largely with China’s own efforts under the guidance of the Communist Party, with very little assistance from the outside world. Economists have tried to explain the Chinese phenomenon. The work ethic, the general desire for a better life and the determined steadfastness of the chines people are clearly factors. The visionary leadership and guidance provided by the Chinese Communist Party is undoubtedly the critical factor. While others spent their wealth and energy waging endless wars, mostly in distant lands, china quietly spent its resources building a fabulous network of superb roads and highway tracks and trains to match, sparkling futuristic cities and mind boggling cutting edge technology. Its agriculture is a model in the use of modern science and technology. China, under the leadership of the Communist Party has not stopped to catch its breath and continues to provide a better life for its people, including the minorities. With the Belt and Road initiative, China will launch in to a new phase of development. Not only benefitting itself but also the

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wider region. The concept of shared prosperity, articulated by president Xi Jin Ping, will benefit China’sneighbours and trading partners as well. For the first time in history, we see an emerging global power not rapaciously grasping the wealth of other weaker countries to enrich itself, but sharing its self-acquired abundance with others. My hope is that all of us will be able to benefit from china’s altruism and adopt and implement policies that would enable us also to leave the blot of poverty and deprivation behind. In the twenty first century, there is no reason to tolerate abject poverty and deprivation anywhere. The Chinese leadership has effectively contained the threat of COVID 19 which continues to spiral out of control elsewhere. China has graciously shared its vaccines, millions of doses, which it sorely needs, with Sri Lanka. While the rest of the world is concerned with acquiring oxygen concentrating machines, china’s economy is growing at a phenomenal 8.2% a year. There are lessons in the Chinese approach but sadly too late for over three million people elsewhere. Today China has not only addressed the challenge of poverty alleviation successfully but also begun to make a meaningful effort to counter the threat of climate change.Climate change and global warming could very well render all our efforts to create a better world a nullity. China has announced the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. There is no reason to doubt that it will succeed. It’s leadership in this field will also force others to reach for a similar goal. Chinese funding institution are already beginning to express reluctance to fund fossil fuel exploitation and the us has happily rejoined the Paris accords. We need to remember that the Paris accords not only require compliance with our voluntary targets but also the provision of funding for developing countries to implement their mitigation and adaptation goals, and hopefully achieve our SDG targets. China has many lessons for us. But each country has to chart its own course to development. Our future must be in our hands.

Dr. Palitha Kohona Ambassador The Embassy of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka in China

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Greeting Message

President- CPAFFC

On the occasion of China Mirror’s issuance of a special edition to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (CPAFFC) would like to extend heartfelt thanks to the Association for Sri Lanka-China Social and Cultural Cooperation (ASLCSCC) and sincere greetings to the people of Sri Lanka! ASLCSCC has been making strengthening the peopleto-people friendship and communication between China and Sri Lanka as its mission. Since its first issue, China Mirror has impressed the Sri Lankan people with substantial content of the people-topeople and cultural exchanges between China and Sri Lanka in popular forms. As CPC’s centenary is drawing near, China Mirror is going to publish a special edition to present a multi-dimensional picture of China and the CPC. This edition embodies the friendly feeling towards China and the

CPC by Sri Lankan people from all walks of life represented by ASLCSCC. The special issue of China Mirror will serve as an important window for Sri Lankan people to understand China. The people of China and Sri Lanka are naturally close to each other and have a long history of friendly exchanges. The two sides have always treated each other as equals and enjoyed mutual support each other in the process of national construction. In the face of major disasters, China and Sri Lanka have worked together to overcome difficulties and forged a strategic cooperative partnership based on sincere mutual assistance and everlasting friendship. Jointing hands to fight the COVID-19 epidemic further demonstrated the brotherhood of our two peoples. ASLCSCC has always rendered strong support to the just cause of the Chinese people, maintained close ties with CPAFFC, and made positive contributions in carrying forward the traditional

friendship between China and Sri Lanka, deepening people-to-people and cultural cooperation, and promoting the development of bilateral relations. As CPC’s centenary is approaching, we are so happy to celebrate this historic moment with friendshipwith-China organizations and people of Sri Lanka, who have long supported China in various undertakings. After 100 years of exploration and practice, the CPC has led the Chinese people to find a development path suitable for our own national conditions, achieved a great victory in fighting poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and has embarked on a new journey of building a modern socialist country. The success of China's development has boosted the confidence of developing countries in achieving national prosperity and people's strength, provided more choices for developing countries to move towards modernization, and

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offered fresh experiences and references for those countries and nationalities in the world which wishes to take the road in line with their national conditions, while at the same time accelerating development and maintain independence. At present, both China and Sri Lanka are in a critical period of pursuing economic development and improving people's livelihood. I believe under the strategic guidance of the state leaders of our two countries, China and Sri Lanka will further enhance political mutual trust, promote economic and trade cooperation, deepen people-topeople and cultural exchanges, and advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation to bring the bilateral relations to a new level. CPAFFC is ready to work with ASLCSCC to establish more platforms and create more opportunities for the friendly exchanges and mutually beneficial cooperation between the Chinese and Sri Lankan people, so as to attain continuous achievements in the people-to-people friendship cause between China and Sri Lanka. I hope China Mirror make greater success and become an important bridge and bond for consolidating the friendship and cooperation between the Chinese and Sri Lankan people! Lin Songtian The Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries

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I will fully commit to the people and never fail them. I am ready to put aside my own interest and devote my all to China’s Development President Xi Jinping The Governance of China III

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Greeting Message

Governor Central Province of sri lanka

It gives me immense pleasure to send this congratulatory message on the occasion of the Communist Party of China (CCP) celebrating the golden jubilee of its vibrant existence this year. Having founded in 1921, the Communist Party of China has been steadfast and consistent with a trail of great leaders who have selflessly committed to the national cause of Peoples’ Republic of China. It needs no mention how China Communist Party spearheaded the national movement through the great Chinese revolution in 1949 under the epic leadership of late Mao Zedong.

Today, the people all over the world could witness the great transformation of modern China undergone to be an absolute force to reckon with, in international theatre of geo-politics under ideology of Communism. We, as Sri Lankans are proud to see how China is emerging as an economic power house in the world. Mostly, Sri Lanka and China have always maintained best of diplomatic relations in the thick and thin of times. Today, China is a vibrant and colossus partner in our progress, extending unstinted support in our economic affairs.

I am particularly happy about the fact that the Association for Sri Lanka- China Social and Cultural Cooperation has taken an initiative to publish bi-monthly trilingual magazine ‘CHINA MIRROR’. I believe that this will go a long way in educating Sri Lankans of the great Chinese culture and social upbringing that paved the way for an enormous leap forward for China on the world economic front. The people of Central Province join me in extending our warmest wishes to you on this epoch-making occasion of the Communist Party of China celebrating the spectacular of 100 years of a rich history, being close to the people of China as well as Sri Lanka Lalith U Gamage LL.B Attorney-at-Law Governor - Central Province

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Greeting Message

Organization for South Asian Regional Friendship and Cooperation with China (OSARFCC)

I am happy to know that Association for Sri Lanka and China Social and Cultural Cooperation (ASLCSCC) is publishing a special issue of CHINA MIRROR to celebrate the 100* Anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. We appreciate the hard work ASLCSCC had been doing in the past 20 years for strengthening Sri LankaChina Relations. The Communist Party of China was established on the 1St of July 1921 in Shanghai. On behalf of the Organization for South Asian Regional Friendship and Cooperation with China (OSARFCC), Nepal-China Executives Council (NCEC) and on my

own I would like to express hearty congratulations to the Government and People of China on the 100" Anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). From the first National People’s Congress in Shanghai in 1921, in a century, the CPC has become successful to make China the world's second largest economy. Since proclamation of the founding of the People’s Republic of China by Chairman Mao in 1949 the CPC has managed to govern the 1.4 billion Chinese people peacefully and has managed to give them a comfortable and prosperous life unimaginable some decades ago. It is the

longest period of peace and stability in China’s history. With CPC's leadership China, making fight against poverty the party’s special focus, in these 72 years, China has been successful in eradicating poverty completely in such a short period of time. This is a great contribution not only to the Chinese people but also to the whole of mankind. China’s poverty alleviating experience is a model for South Asian countries to learn from. The principles of Panchsheel (five principles of peaceful co-existence) first publicly formulated by Zhou Enlai in 1953 has been the basis of China's foreign policy even today. The CPC has been cultivating cordial relationship

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with South Asian Countries since the 1955 Bangdung Conference which gave birth to the Non-Aligned Movement. The South Asian countries raised voice to help China gain its rightfiil seat in the United Nations 1972 and have always strongly supported one China Policy. The people of South Asia and China have always had friendly exchanges since time immemorial. I first stepped into China in 1967. living there for more than ten years and traveling very often, in these 52 years I got the opportunity to personally experience China’s economic growth as I grew p During the beginning of the Reform and Opening Up brought forward by paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in 1978 it was hard for us to imagine that in twenty years China could

achieve Four Modernizations. But we have lived to see it! All this was possible with the hard work and dedication of the Chinese people under the able leadership of the CPC. The Belt and road initiative announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013 is intended to benefit the countries along the road for a mutually beneficial win-win result for all. We in South Asia look forward to absorb the opportunities brought by this Initiative. The strong leadership ot“ the CPC together with efficient civil servants, bureaucrats, well qualified health workers and most disciplined 1.4 billion people was successful in winning the battle against COVID-19. China has not only controlled COVID-19 but also developed several vaccines

contributing to the welfare of all mankind. I am confident that CPC will be able to materialize President XI Jinping’s call for countries to work together to build a community of shared future for all mankind. CPC has achieved one of its "Two Centenary Goals". establishing a moderately prosperous society by 2020 and will surely achieve the second goal of making China a great modern socialist nation by 2049.1 would like to express our best wishes to CPC in the path to fully achieve its “two Centenary Goals”. Finally I would like to once again congratulate the Communist Party of China on its 100t" anniversary.

Anoop Ranjan Bhattarai President-Organization for South Asian Regional Friendship and Cooperation with China (OSARFCC).

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Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m%;sm;a;s ksid ;uhs Ökhg id¾:l .ukla tkak mq¿jka jqfKa' Y%S ,xldfõ fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl ysgmq wud;H äõ .=Kfialr uy;d iuÕ bkaødkkao wfífialr úiska isÿlrk ,o idlÉPdj Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh msysgqjd jir ishhla .; fjkjd 2021 wjqreoaog" YS% ,xldfõ fldñhqksiaÜ jHdmdrh .ek lshjk úg uq,skau lshfjk kï w;r äõ .=Kfialr kduh wmg fydog yqre mqreoqhs' ta ;rugu tu kduh yd fldñhqksiaÜ jHdmdrh w;r ft;sydisl ne|Sula ;sfnkafka' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh wdrïNh Tn fldfyduo olskafka' Ökh b;d È.= b;sydihla ;sfhk rgla' jevjiï hq.fha isg fï jkúg iudcjd§ l%ufõohlg Ökh f.k hkjd' Ökh .ek wOHkh lsÍfuka udkj j¾.hdf.a b;sydih;a oek. kak mq¿jka' 1921 ;uhs Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh msysgqjkafka' tys ft;sydisl ishjeks ixj;airh 2021 § tkï" fï j¾Ifha iurkjd' th iudcjdoS rgj,g b;du jeo.;a fjkjd'

fY%aIaG Tlaf;dïn¾ úma,jh we;s jqfKa 1917' j¾I 1921ka miqj wdishdfõ fnfyda rgj,aj, yd f,dj wfkl=;a rgj, fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI ìysùu mgka .;a;d' 1920 bkaÈhdfõ yd bkaÿksidhdfõ' 1921 Ökh" ,d´ih " úhÜkduh yd ldïfndach hk rgj, fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI ìysjqkd' fï rgj,a ;uhs m<uqfjkau wishdfõ fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI wrïN lf<a' wêrdcHjdoS ixl,am fya;=fjka fï rgj,a hg;a úð; rgj,a f,i 1921 g fmr mej;=Kd' fï jljdkqj ;=, ;uhs rgj,a wgla úiska iuia; f,dalhu md,kh lf,a' 1880 ;uhs wêrdcHjdoh f.dvkeÕ=fka' 20 jk ishjfia uq, f,kska úiska ,shk ,o — wêrdcHjdoh hkq Okjdofha by<u wjêh˜ kï lD;sh Tyqf.a fYa%IaG;u lD;shhs' ux ys;kafka

uq¿ f,dalfhau ld,a udlaia yd tax.,aia u;jdoh ckm%sh jQj;a f,kskaf.a fuu lD;sh Bg;a jvd ckm%sh jqKd' wdishdfõ cd;sl úuqla;s jHdmdrh wdrïNjkafka Tlaf;dïn¾ úma,jfhka miafia tkï" cmka l%uhg úreoaOj ;uhs cd;sl jHdmdrh wdrïN jqfKa' talg fya;=j ;uhs cd;sl úuqla;s jHdmdrh mgka .;af;a wêrdcHjdÈ l|jqfrka ùu' tkï" reishdfjka' jir .Kklg fmr fmâßla tax.,aia lsõjd" reishdfj;a wêrdcHjdoh we;sjk nj;a' wêrdcHjdofha ÿ¾j,u mqrelh ;uhs reishdj lsh,d' fuu ÿ¾j,lu ksid wêrdcHjdohg tfrysj ck;dj keÕSisák nj;a" tuÕska úma,ùh woyia m%p,s; ù iudcjdoh me;sr hk nj;a tax.,aia lsõjd' tax.,aiaf.a fuu l;dj yßhgu yß .shd'

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iudcjdoS úma,jh we;sjk nj Tyq Bg fmr ÿgqnj'

fï jljdkqfõ reishdfõ n,h lïlre mlaIhg ysñjqKd' ug u;lhs fmdkakïn,ï wreKkdp,ï tod hdmkfha mej;s iïfï,khl§ lsõjd iqN m‚úvhla mejiSug ;sfnkjd lshd' tysÈ Tyq lsõfõ reishdfõ md,k n,h lïlre mlaIhg ,eî we;s nj;a" wfma rgg w¨;a ñ;=frl= ,eî ;sfnk nj;a' Tlaf;daïn¾ úma,jfhka miqj reishdj" bkaÈhdj" mska,ka;h" bkaÿksishdj jeks rgj, lïlre yd f.dú ck;dj fj; md,k n,h .uka lrñka ;snqKd' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ìysùug lïlre yd f.dú ck;djf.a ke.sàu n,mEjd lsh,d uu ys;kafka' úYaj úoHd, YsIHhska j¾ckh lrkak mgka .;a;d' Tjqka lïlrejkag Woõ lrkak mgka .;a;d' fï wr.,h ksid lïlre mlaI iudcjdoS jHdmdrhg fm<UqKd' fuys úfYaI;ajh ;uhs Ökfha nqoaêu;a fldgia lïlre mka;s jHdmdrfha kdhl;ajh .ekSu' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhlhka jqfka Tjqka ;uhs' Ökfha we;eï kdhlhka fidafndaka úYaj úoHd,fha bf.k .;a;dh' tal ksihs nqoaêu;=ka fuu jHdmdrfha uQ,sl;ajh .;a;d lsh,d uu lshkafka'

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Ökh fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m<uqfjks iïfï,kh Yexyhs k.rfha§ wdrïN jQkd miqj pÔhdx m<df;a ðhdisx fldar<fha kkayq jej u; fndaÜgqjl§ meje; tu iïfï,khg Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 13 fokl= iyNd.s jqKd' Tjqka ;uhs uq¿ Ökfhau ;SrK .;af;a' tu kdhlhka ish,a,u nqoaêu;a kdhlhka' fuysÈ ud úfYaIfhkau lshkak ´ks Ökfha jeo.;alu ld,a udlaia l,ska oekf.k isáhd' uu fï ,Õ§ fmd;a lsysmhla lshjk úg ug yuqjqKd 1850 È ld,a udlaia ,shQ ,smshla' Tyq ,smshla ,shkjd c¾uksh mlaIfha m;a;rhg' Ökfha Okm;s mka;sh n,h ,nd.kakd njg jk wfmalaIdj hqfrdamfha rgj,a w;r m%p,s; ;snq njg' Tyq lshkafka hqfrdamfha Okm;s mka;sh Ökfha Okm;s mlaIh n,h ,nd.ks lsh,d ys;=j;a th fjkafka ke;s nj' ksoyi" iudkd;au;djh" ifydaor;ajh hk m%xY úma,jfha jpk ál Ök uyd m%dldrfha iksgqyka ù we;s nj ld,a udlaia 1850 È oelald' Ökfha iudcjdoh n,hg m;a jk nj' f,kska 1920 Tyq ,shk wka;su Y%dia;%Sh ix.%yfha ,shkjd —reishdfõ iudcjdoh mej;sug kï Ök úma,jh isÿúh hqq;=uhs˜ hkqfjka' ljqrej;a ys;=fõ keye f,kska ifydaorhd Ökfha

Ök flñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ìys ùug fmr Ökfha md,kh ;snqfKa rdcdKavq u;' Ñkfha rdcdKavq wjika jkafka 1911§' wishdkq uyoaùmfha ìysjk m<uq ckrch Ñkhhs' 1912 § Ök ckrch ìysùug uq,ajqK ika hÜika ^ika hÜika 1866-1925' uyck Ökfha m<uq ckdêm;s yd l=fjdañx;dx mlaIfha kdhl& Tyq ñh hkak wdikak úg ^ta jk úg —f,kska ñh f.dia isáfhah&' f,v wefoa isg lshkjd uf.a rfÜ wkd.;h mej;Sug kï wdishdkq ñ;%;ajh ;sìh hq;=h˜ hkak' 1912 os Ökfha m<uq ckrch ìys jqKdg rfÜ úúO ia:dk j, jev jiï" w¾O jevjiï" OfkIajr" w;eï ;ekl jy,a Ndjh fï jf.a md,k l%u ;snqKd' fï jk õg uekapqßhdj cmdkh w,a,d f.k isáhd' fydxfldx yd ;dhsjdkh ì%;dkH w,a, f.k isáhd' Ökh fï jk úg ksoyia igk .ek ys;ñka isáhd' kuq;a ta jk úg lïlre mka;sh ÿ¾j, fj,d isáfha' fï i|yd fjk;a mka;sj, iyh wjYH fj,d ;snqKd' fï ksid tlai;a fmruqK kHdh biau;= jkafka Ök úma,jh ;=<ska' 1949 ka miafia kj Ökh ìysjqKdg miqj tkï" 1949 Tlaf;dïn¾ 1 jeksod Ök uyck iuqydKavqj ìyslsÍfuka wk;=rej úúO ckdêm;sjre" kdhlhka úúO ixl,am bÈßm;a l<d' ud´ fia;=x" iNdm;s;=udf.a — iudcjd§ ixl,amh˜ IS ðkamsx ckdêm;s;=udf.a udj;la - ;Srhla ixl,amh a Tn fldfydauo olskafka ;ks mlaIhla wjqreÿ .Kkdjla ;=< fujeks lghq;= ;=,ska f,dalfha oejeka;hd njg m;alsÍug fya;=jqfKa lsh,d' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh 1949ka miqj ixl,am /ila lr,d

;sfhkjd' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh n,hg wd úg Tjqkag ;snqK m<fjks ldrKh ;uhs rg tlai;a lsÍu' iudcjd§ rgla ksid fï ldrKd fol b;du jeo.;ajqKd' 1949 Ök uyck iuqydKavqj m%ldYhg m;al, myqfjksodu bkaÈhdj Ök wdKavqj ms<s.;a;d' Bg miqj bkaÿksishdj" mdlsia:dkh wdÈ rgj,a ms<s.;a;d' kuq;a ,xldj ms<s.;af;a keye' thg fya;=j ;uhs tod wfma rfÜ n,fha isáh kdhl;ajh' kuq;a" udi lsysmhlg miqj ms<s.;a;d' Ökh ta jk úg b;du ÿmam;a rgla' fñ ksid wd¾Ól jYfhka

Ökh Yla;su;a lsÍug Wmfhda.S lr.;af;a fidaúhÜ reishdfõ wd¾Ól fudv,hh' kuq;a th id¾:l jqfKa keye' úfrdaO;d mjd we;sfjkak mgka .;a;d' fï ksid fldñhqksiaÜ kdhlhka kj l%ufõohla wOHkh l<d' ta wkqj" Tjqka ixialD;sl úma,jh Bg ms<shula nj fhdackd l<d' m%xYfha fidafndaka úYaj úoHd,fha bf.k .kakd m%Odk nqoaêu;=ka fofokhs isáfha' ta ;uhs fvxIshd´ msx yd pQ tka,dhs' Tjqka tlu u;hl isáfha ' ud´ fia;=x lïlre f.dú ck;djf.a kdhlfhla' Tyq m%dfhda.sl nqoaêuf;l= fkdfõ' 1978 w¨;a m%;sixialrK lrk úg fvxIshï msx Tyq

m%Odk ldrKd ;=kla ie,ls,a,g .;a;d Ökh f.d~kexùug' m<uqfjks tl ;uhs ixj¾ê; rgj, w;aoelSï" fol ;uhs ixj¾Okh jk rgj, w;aoelSï" ;=kajk ldrKh ;uhs iudcjd§ rgj, w;aoelSï' fuu rgj,a j¾. ;=fkkau w;aoElSï wrf.k Ökfha ;sfnk fldkafoaiS úIh uQ,slj ie,ls,a,g f.k úfYaI m%;sm;a;shla ilia lsÍu' ta jk úg fidaúhÜ foaYfha w¾Ólh;a iuÕ f.dvkeÕS ;snq n,h fjk me;a;lg yefrñka ;snqKd' Chinese Capitalism lshkafka fuu kj l%uhghs' oeka fuu

mßj¾;kh isÿjQfha 1978 § fuu ld,fha§ ud.%Ü ;ep¾f.a w¾Ól ixl,amh jqfKa fidaúhÜ foaYhg uqyqKq fokafka fldfydauo lsh,d' foaYmd,k jYfhka fyda hqOuh jYfhka fidaúhÜ ix.uhg n,mEula lrkak neß nj weh jgyd f.k isáhd' wd¾Ól jYfhka lsishï n,mEula lrkak mq¿jka nj ud.%Ü ;ep¾g fmkS .sfhah' fï ld,fha ;uhs Ökh;a ;u wd¾Ól m%;sixialrK wdrïN lf<a' wd¾Ól Wmdh ud¾. Ñkfha kdhlhka Ndú;d l<d' fuu l%shdj,sh Tiafi ;uhs wd¾Ólh bosrshg f.kshkak fjkafka lsh,d Tjqka is;=jd' tu ksid Ökh fuu l%uh wkq.ukh l<d' flfia fj;;a fï jk úg Ökh úYd,

ÈhqKqjla ,n,d ;sfhkjd' m%Odk jYfhka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m%;sm;a;s ksid ;uhs Ökhg fu;rï id¾:l .ukla tkak mq¿jka jQfKa' j¾;udk ckdêm;s IS ðkamsx uy;d Ökh úYd,;j ÈhqKq lsÍug lghq;= lrkjd' Tyqf.a ;Srhla udj;la ixl,amh b;d id¾:l nj fmkS hkjd' oekg ,nd we;s m%.;sh wkqj tfyu lshkak mq,qjka' Ökfha kj wd¾Ól ixl,amh Tn olskafka fldfydauo Ökfh;a fmd¾Ü isá ;sfnkjd' oeka ,xldfõ fmd¾Ü isá .ek úúO l;d ny we;s ù ;sfnkjd' rgl wd¾Ólh ÈhqKq fjkak ´kskï wdfhdackh ;sìh hq;=h' Y%S ,xldfõ iajdNdúl iïm;a ;sfhkjd" fN!;sl iïm;a ;sfhkjd" hï ;rñka udkj iïm;a ^úfYaI& ;sfhkjd" yenehs uQ,H iïm;a keye' úfYaI wd¾Ól l,dm wjYHhs rgl ÈhqKqjg' túg tu l,dmj, wdfhdack we;sfjkjd' oeka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh isÿlrkafka úfYaI wd¾Ól l,dm we;s lr ixj¾Okh lsÍu' fuh fvx Ishd´ msx mjd isÿl<d' úfYaI wd¾Ól l,dmj, kS;sh wfkla w¾Ól l,dmj, kS;shg jvd fjkia fjkjd' tjeks ks;s wjYhs' Ökh ixj¾Okh l< fmd¾Ü isá 10la ;sfhkjd' fj<|m, wd¾Ólh ld,a udlaia yd f,kska fokaku ú.%yd l<d' f,dal fj<|m< ;=< ;sfnkafka ;rÕhla' Ökfha wdfhdack uqo,a j,ska jeäu m%udKhla ;sfhkafka wußldfõ ' fj<|m< ;rÕhla ;sfhkjd' wfma rfÜ foaYmd,lhkag fuh f;areï.kak neye' ì,shk 900l mdßfNda.slhka bkak fj<|m<la f,dlfha ;sfhkafka' weußld ysgmq ckdêm;s Ök ksIamdokj,g nÿ .eyqjd' kuq;a Ökh jÜgkak neß jQKd' ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wLKavj f.kshkjd' fuhhs

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 23

j¾;udk f,dal wd¾:slfha iajNdjh' f.da,Sh wd¾Ólh iuÕ ;rÕ lrkak ;Srhla yd udj;la ixl,amh Ökh f.kdjd' fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miafia fu;rï oejeka; wd¾Ól yd iudcSh ixl,amhla f,dalfha fldfyaj;a ;snqfKa keye' th wdrïN lf<a Ökhhs' jir mfyka myg Ökh ish w¾Òl m%;sm;a;s m%;sixialrKh lrkjd' kuq;a uQ,sl foa fjkia lrkafk keye' fyd| oelaula ;sfhkjd' f.da,ShlrKh ;=< wxl tlg weú;a ;sfhkafka Ökhhs' oeka weußldfõ ;sfhkafka f,dal wd¾:sl m%;sm;a;s l%u ;=khs' tl .egqñldÍ' fol ;rÕldÍ ;=k iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu' fvxIshd´ msx lsõfj iyfhda. fhka lghq;= lr w¾Ól b,lal <Õd lr .kak lsh,d' fvdk,aâ g%ïma .egqïldÍ ;;a;ajhla we;s lr.kak .shd' kuq;a wka;sug Tyq Pkaofhka yd wd¾lfhkq;a merÿkd' iuyr ;ekaj,§ ;rÕldÍ;ajh wjYHhhs' we;eï ;ekaj, iyfhda.h wjYHhhs' fuu l%u ;=k yer f,dal hqoaOhlska ;j;a rgla mrdch lrkak neye' kHIaál n,h rgj,a 10lg fyda 8lg ;sfnkjd' Ökh yd reishdj kHIaál wúyrKhg w;aika lr,d ;sfhkjd' IS ðkamsx ckdêm;s;=ud n,hg m;aùu;a iuÕ fndafyda fokd lshkjd f,dalfha wuq;= fohla fjhs lshk woyi' Tyqf.a ixl,am iuÕ Tn fldfyduo fuu ;;a;ajh olskafka@ 1949 § Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha foaYmd,k uKav,h yd uOHu ldrl iNdj m;ajqfKa' foaYmd,k uKav,fha isák ish¨u fokd wdpd¾h Wmdê ;sfnk wh' uOHu

24 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

ldrl iNdfõ w;s nyq;rhla WmdêOdßka' 2010 ;uhs Ökh f,dal wd¾Ólhg m%n,j odhl;ajh oelsjQfha' Ök ckm;s IS ðkamsx nqoaêu;a yd W.;a ld¾hY+r kdhlfhla' 2020 jk úg Tyq m%n, b,lalhla imqrd .;a;d' f,dal nexl=j 2030§ imqrd .ekSug ÿka b,lalh 2020§ Ökh miqlr .shd' ta ;uhs" wka; oßø;djfhka Ökh uqojd .ekSu' th Ökh ,enQ úYd, ch.%ydKhla' ukd ie,iqula wkqj Tyq tu ch.%yKh lf<a' Ök wdKavqj Wjukdj,g wkqj wjYH foa imhkjd' túg ck;djf.a Wjukdjka bgqfjkjd' oeka wfma rfÜ tfyu keye' wfma kdhlhka wjYH;dj,g Wjukdjka fidhkjd' th wid¾:lhs' Ökh tfyu kE' ie,iqï u; Tjqka lghq;= lrkjd' oeka n,kak Ökh fvxIshd´ msxf.ka miafia Ök flñhqksiaÜ mlaI úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh f.kdjd' Ökh f,dal b;sydifha fjk;a rgla wdl%uKh lr,d keye' Ökh cmdkh úiska wdl%uKh l<d' fldka*shqishiaf.a o¾Ykhg wkqj tfyu lrkafka keye' Ök ñksiqka ñ;Hdj ms<s.kafka keye' iudkd;au;djh ms<s. kakjd' jákdlu w.hkjd' úoHdfõ ÈhqKqj ksrka;rj Tjqka w.hkjd' Ök iudch tu ;;a;ajhg m;afj,d' f,dalhg n,mdk m%Odk m%Yak w;r f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh' th uq¿ iudchgu n,mdkjd' f.da,Sh uQ,H w¾nqoh" f.da,Sh m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ixl%uKh m%Odk fjkjd' kS;s úfrdaë ixl%uKh ;=, ñ,shk 75la bkakjd ysig jy,la ke;sj weúÈñka' isßhdj" brdlh" brdkh wdÈ rgj, ixl%u‚lhska nyq,j bkakjd' fuh ñksia Y%uhhs' fuu f.da,Sh m%YaKh

úi|d .;fyd;a f,dal iudch hym;a ù iudc iqrlaIs;Ndjh w;sfjkjd' oeka n,kak Ñkfha úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh lsisu wjia:djl fjk;a rgla wdl%uKh lrkafka keye' weußldfõ wdrlaIl l|jqre Ökh wjg rgj,aj, msysgj,d ;sfhkjd' j¾;udkfha m%Yakhla we;sfj,d ;sfhkjd ñhkaudrfha rch fmr<d oud yuqod rchla msysgqùu' nrm;, f,i ñhkaudrfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh úkdY fj,d ;sfhkjd' kuq;a fï m%Yakhg Ökh m%;spdr olajkafka keye' f,dal iudchu n,df.k bkakjd Ökh ñhkaudr m%Yakhg ueÈy;a ù úi÷ula ,ndfohs lsh,d' ñhkaudrfha ñksiqka urkjd' oeka wms ys;kjd Ök yuqodj .syska ñhkaudrfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh h<s ia:dmkh lrhs lsh,d' Ökh lshkafka fjk;a rgl wNHka;rhg ueÈy;a jkafka keye lsh,d' ñhkaudrfha ;sfnkafka wNHka;r m%Yakhla neúka th Tjqkau úi|d .; hq;= nj Ökh lshkjd' Ökh f,dalfha ;;a;ajh ksrka;rj wjOdkhg ,lalrkjd' IS ðkamsx f,dalhg ;sfnk f.da,Sh uQ,H w¾nqoh ukdj l<ukdlrKh lrkjd' Ök wd¾Ólh Èfkka Èku j¾Okh fjkafka ta ksihs' ;Srhla yd udj;la ixl,amh Ñkhg muKla fkfuhs f,dalhgu b;du jákd m%;s,dN ,efnk wd¾Ól l%fudamdh ud¾. hla' th ukdj f;areï .; hq;=hs' tuksid Ökh iuÕ iyfhda. fhka lghq;= lsÍu f,dalhg b;d jeo.;a fjkjd' f,dalfha iudc iudkd;au;djh Yla;su;a lsrsug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg we;af;a iqúYd, j.lSula' ukao Ökh ieu úgu f,dal iduh fjkqfjka fmkS isák ksihs'

World should recognize the positive role of the CPC The founding Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from 23rd July to 2nd August, 1921 in Shanghai with the participation of representatives of the Communist International and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was a momentous event which ultimately paved the way to the glorious achievements of present day China and that impacted to an extent the developments in the rest of the world. The path the Chinese revolution had to tread was not an easy one. Beginning only with about 50 members at the outset it has built the party to be a formidable force with over 91 million members who are now collectively contributing to the further socio-economic advancement of the country which is already the second economic power in the world. During the period leading to the victory of the revolution, it had to fight not only against feudal forces and capitalist reaction , but also against foreign invaders notably the Japanese colonialists and the interventionist imperialist powers led by the United States. The establishment of

the Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) was the culmination of a decades long armed struggle led by the Communnist Party of China under very difficult and trying conditions with enormous human sacrifices against the Kuomintang forces led by Chiang Kai-shek who were ultimately forced to seek refuge in the Island of Taiwan. The PRC during its seventy one years’ of existence has succeeded in converting a poor and backward country into a rich modern state which is presently at the uppermiddle level of socio-economic development It is now the second most powerful economy in the world. With a population of nearly 1.5 billion accounting for about 20% of the world's humanity, it has taught how to rid 100 million people in a country from extreme poverty within a period of eight years. Credit must be given in this respect to President Xi Jinping, the present General Secretary of the party. Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese revolution and the one who gave leadership in the early period of its build

up. Deng Xioping with his theories of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and the Socialist Market Economy opened up China and guided the country to achieve a twodigit annual growth of the economy since 1978 bringing China to its present economic heights. China’s hold on its 13.3 trillion dollars worth of foreign exchange reserves that ensures the stability of its foreign trade and external financial relations. The present General Secretary of the Party President Xi Jinping has vowed to take China to an even higher level of prosperity and modernization. The facts stated above show how important it is for the Chinese people to celebrate the centenary of the establishment of the Communist Party of China (CPC). At the same time, the people of the world should recognize the positive role the CPC has played particularly in the economic affairs of the contemporary world. Raja Collure, The Chairman of the Communist Party of Sri Lanka

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Greeting Message

Communist Party of sri lanka

The Communist Party of Sri Lanka congratulates the Communist Party of China on the great occasion of the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The 100 years of CPC was full of struggles, set-backs at times and many achievements. Today, the CPC has become the flag bearing party in the international communist movement. Therefore, it is a happy occasion for Communists all over the world that Communist Party of China (CPC) completes 100 years in July 2021. The Communist Party of China, founded in 1921 with a handful of Communists, through long years of anti-imperialist struggle, Long March, war against Japanese invaders in the Second World War, and other struggles, was able to establish the Revolutionary Government ‘Peoples Republic of China’ in 1949. The victory of Chinese revolution in 1949 was a greatest event that changed not only the destiny of Chinese people, but as being

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proved by the development in contemporary world, of the entire mankind. The victorious Chinese Revolution was able to guide the country on a revolutionary path like other sister countries in the socialist world during the early stage after coming to power. Then there were certain setbacks and de-tours of the Revolution in China. The vision of Deng Xiaoping paved the way forward for China’s vast and fast stride of development reaching the status of the biggest economy in the world. Since 18th national Congress under the tremendous leadership of Comrade Xi Jinping the General Secretary of CPC at its core, the process of lifting people out of poverty was accelerated. The lifting of 800 Million of people out of poverty within the shortest period of time has amazed the International community and thereby China has earned the love and admiration of the peoples, the world over. While the CPC has achieved the first Centenary Goal of eradication of extreme

poverty in China already, it has embarked upon the struggle on achieving next Centenary Goal which is ‘building a modern socialist country by 1949’. The Communist Party of China, accomplishing its internationalist duty and role, has already taken meaningful steps as solutions to the global challenges. The future of mankind needs contribution by all and it needs to be a shared future. The global challenges such as global warming, international terrorism, international refugee crisis, poverty and social inequity, protecting peace are common issues faced by entire mankind. These issues can be addressed only by the entire world. The global challenges listed above are interconnected and economic growth is fundamental in resolving them. In that context the initiative of ‘One Belt, One Road’ China provides a mega-opportunity to world to achieve economic growth and prosperity through win-win situations. The social changes through economic development and increased

people to people to contacts probably would be the best promoters of peace in the world. Strictly adhering to principles of Marxism and upholding its long-term perspective of Socialism, the Communist Party of China has infused courage and confidence in the working people, the world over including the Communists of Sri Lanka. While the relations between the CPC and the CPSL can be traced back to the prerevolutionary days, soon after the revolution in 1949, the relations between our two Parties were consolidated by a series of meetings between our two leaderships. It is with

great pride that we recall the days when our Party carried on a consistent and uninterrupted campaign for the recognition of new China and also the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two Countries. The co-operation extended by China in the spheres of socio-economic-cultural development of Sri Lanka has strengthened our feelings of fraternity and solidarity. The unwavering support extended in international forums to safeguard the sovereignty and interests of Sri Lanka is admired and valued by people of the country. We are grateful to CPC for its material support towards

Communist Party of Sri Lanka during the difficult days of COVID-19 pandemic. The CPSL is determined to strengthen all-round bi-lateral relations with Communist Party of China which has now consolidated on a sounder and solid basis of proletariat internationalism and fraternal understanding. Long live Communist Party of China. Long live the fraternal relations between Communist parties of Sri Lanka and China. Dr. G. Weerasinghe General Secretary Communist Party of Sri Lanka

We communist are like seeds, and the people are like the soil. Wherever we go, we must unit with the people, take root and blossom among them. Mao Zedong

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iqn me;=ï m‚úvh

Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqK

1921 cQ,s ui 01 jk osk ìyslrk ,o Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ishji iurkq ,nk fuu wjia:dfõ Bg Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqfKys iqNdYsxIK msßkukqfha buy;a i;=áks' reishdkq úma,jh u;ska mkakrh ,nñka ìysjQ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh úiska miq.sh ishji mqrdjg Ök ck;dj fjkqfjka fukau iuia; f,daljdiS m%cdj fjkqfjka bgqlrkq ,enQ fiajh w;suy;ah' iudcjdoS idrO¾u iu`. m%cd;ka;%jdoS idrO¾u uqiqlrñka, kj wd¾Ól iudc iy foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK y÷kajd foñka, wo jk úg uyck Ök iuQydKavqj wd¾Ól, iudc yd ixialD;sl jYfhka f,dj n,j;aj ke.S isg we;s nj wfma úYajdihhs. ta iòyd wjYH fmkaùu, Yla;sh iy mkakrh Ök ck;dj ,ndfok ,oafoa Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhhs. f,dj wka ljr mlaIhlg;a jvd uekúka ;u rfÜ ck;dj iqÅ; uqÈ; lrùu iòyd Ök fldñhqksÜia mlaIh ;u j.lSu iy hq;=lu uekúka l%shdjg kexùu Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqKg o ,nd fok w.kd wdo¾Yhls. Y%S ,xldfõ ,dnd,;u foaYmd,k mlaIhjk Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqK, mlaIh msysgqjd jir y;rla jeks flá ld,hla ;=< iïm%odhsl;ajh uq,alr.;a Y%S ,xldfõ merKs foaYmd,k mlaI wNsnjd fïjk úg rfÜ m%n,;u iy Yla;su;au foaYmd,k mlaIh jYfhka ke.S isàug Tn mlaIfha wdo¾Yho uy;a msgqjy,la jQ nj fï fudfydf;a isysm;a lrkqfha buy;a i;=áks. wm mlaIh msysgqjd .; jQ fuu flá ld,h ;=< Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh wm fj; ifydaor;ajfha oE;a os.=lrk úg Tn mlaIh o wm ms<snòj ukd ;lafiarejlalr we;s nj wm b;d ksy;udkSj f;areï .kakd w;r ta iïnkaOj wmg we;af;a uy;ajQ wNsudkhls' wdrïNfha mgkau wm mlaIh fj; oelajQ wñ, wkq.%yh iïnkaOfhka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh fj; wmf.a yDohdx.u ia;+;sh msßkeóug fuh jvd;au iqÿiq wjia:djla nj wm ye`.Suhs' wm mlaIh fukau Y%S ,xldfõ wfkl=;a foaYmd,k mlaI fj; olajk ,o iyfhda.h fukau wdishdfõ ke.S isàu fjkqfjka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh bgq lrñka mj;sk fiajh bosß wkd.;fha § fndfyda w.hSug ,lafjkq we;s nj wmf.a úYajdihhs' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha ixl,amhla jk z Belt and Road Initiative Z ixj¾Ok l%shdj,s u; l%shd;aul jk f,dj mqrd

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ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a iu`. tlaj f.da,Sh há;, myiqlï cd,hla ks¾udKh lsÍu yryd f.da,Sh jYfhka we;s lrkq ,nk iqúYd, ixj¾Okhg Wmldr lsÍu yryd iuia; f,dalhu ;u .%yKhg .ekSug fjfyfik we;eï rgj,g o ukd wdo¾Yhls. tu.ska Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh foaYSh iy l,dmSh iSudjka blaujd fkdìhj iy wjxlj f.da,Sh m%cdjg o ish hq;=lï bgqfldg we;s nj fuys§ wdvïnrfhka isysm;a lrkafkuq' f,dj mqrd me;sr we;s zfldúâ - 19Z jHikh yuqfõ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh iy uyck Ök iuQydKavqj úiska Y%S ,xldjg ,ndÿka úúO wkq.%yhka iïnkaOj Y%S ,xldfõ md,k n,h ysñ mlaIh jYfhka Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqfKa úfYaI ia;+;sh m<lsÍug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kafkuq' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh úiska ksrka;rfhka wm fj; os.= lrkakdjq ifydaor;ajfha WKqiqï oE;a Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqK b;d yDohdx.uj je<`o .kakd w;r" ishjila imqrk Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg ;j;a ishjia .Kkdjla Ök ck;djg fukau iuia; f.da,Sh m%cdjg o fiajh lsÍu i`oyd wjYH Yla;sh" n,h iy wdYs¾jdoh ,efíjdhs wms yDohdx.uj iqN m%d¾:kd lruq'

kS;s{ id.r ldßhjiï m%Odk f,alï Y%S ,xld fmdÿck fmruqK

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Greeting Message

Sri Lanka Freedom Party

I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Communist Party of China (CPC) on its 100th anniversary celebrations for your unprecedented, extraordinary exceptional achievements in all frontiers as a nation not only for the benefit of fellow citizens but for humankind in general. Many Sri Lankans believe that the Changes in the political landscape of the world brought about by the governing CPC during the past century is undoubtedly unsurpassable by any political party anywhere in the world for a foreseeable future. At this juncture it should be remembered that the ancient ties between the two nations date as far back as 410 AD depicted in the narratives of the visit of Buddhist monk Faxian. In 1409 AD during the Kingdom of Kotte in Sri Lanka, Admiral Zheng He’s fleet visited Sri Lanka under the direction of the Ming Emperor

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Yongle. These events signify the close relationship between two great predominantly Buddhist cultures in Asia, along with many other common linkages. Sri Lanka was among the first few countries to recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC) having established formal diplomatic relationships as early as in 1957. Ever since, the relationship and understanding between the two nations grew towards enormous heights especially during the governments of the Sri Lanka Freedom party (SLFP) in office. Our party leaders, starting from party founder, premier S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, late premier Sirimavo Bandaranayke, ex president Chandrika Bandaranayake Kumarathunga, ex president Mahinda Rajapaksa and previous president and current Chairman of SLFP Maithripala Sirisena, maintained very close

and strong diplomatic and mutual relationship with CPC and Chinese Government. SLFP and its general membership along with great majority of Sri Lankans generally believe that the 30 year long separatist conflict which devastated civil life in Sri Lanka, could not have been comprehensively defeated and the subsequent international pressure mounted by some vested interest groups in the UN general assembly could not have been endured and averted without the unconditional support extended by the PRC. I extend my sincere gratitude to Chinese general public, PRC and the CPC for these invaluable gestures extended to Sri Lanka at the critical hour of national need. I expect the close cooperation between SLFP and CPC to mature into a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership which will contribute immensely to find solutions for many

transboundary issues at the regional and global context in the 21st century for bilateral and multilateral benefit while maintaining long lasting peace and harmony in the Indian ocean. SLFP and the public of Sri Lanka are eagerly waiting to reap the economic and other benefits which will be brought to Sri Lanka along with Colombo Port City development and other infrastructure development projects expected to be completed as part of the Maritime Silk Road project under the mega Belt Road

Initiative (BRI) of the Chinese government. SLFP fully endorses the BRI and will continue to extend its political support for the project. Before concluding, I reiterate that the cherished friendship and mutual trust between SLFP and CPC must be further strengthened to serve national aspirations of both nations in the future as well. Only two nations in the world possess the Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha and share a Buddhist cultural background in common. This serves our parties to cement the brotherhood among the general public

of the two countries never before. While applauding and congratulating you once again on CPC’s 100th anniversary and the achievements gained during this period, on behalf of SLFP Chairman Hon. Maithripala Sirisena and Party Membership, I am looking forward to deepening our corporation much further in the due course.

Dayasiri Jayasekara General Secretary of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)

The Chinese dream will benefit not only the people of China, but also of other countries. President Xi Jinping Governance of China

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iqn me;=ï m‚úvh

iu.s ck n,fõ.h

uyck Ökfha md,l fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ishjk ixj;airh iurk fudfydf;a iu.s ckn, fõ.fha iqn me;=ï tla lrkqfha buy;a i;=áks' 1921 jif¾ wdrïN l< Ökfha fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh l%shd;aul jQfha rg ;=< mej;s jevjiï md,khg tfrysjhs' 1949 Tlaf;daïn¾ 01jkod uyck Ökh ìysl< ud´ fia;=x ue;s;=ud cd;sh wu;ñka mejiqfõ Ök ck;dj úma,jh;a iuÕ keÕS isáh njhs' ta i|yd Ökh ;udgu wfõksl md,k l%ufõohla ilia fldg l%shd;aul lrkq ,enqfõ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh m%uqL fldgf.kh' wêm;sjdohg ro<jdohg tfrysj uyck m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;u foaYmd,k oelau nj lshQ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh Ökfha md,kh ;=< jeo.;au wdh;kh f,i l%shd;aul fõ' iudkd;au;djh lemùu mrudo¾Yhla fldg .;a mlaIhla f,i f.dvkeÕ=Kq Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh fjkiajk f,dj m%jK;d y÷kd.ksñka fjkia jqjo moku jQ mlaIh iEu úgu ;SrKd;aul idOlh f,i lghq;= lsÍu w;afkdyer l%shd lsÍu jfrl uyck Ökfha ks¾ud;D ud´ fia;=x l, m%ldYhla isysm;a lrkakls' ixfYdaOkhla l, hq;af;a uo mjkl yd uqÿ jeiail wdldrfhka nj ud´ fmkajd § we;' j¾;udkfha uyck Ökh f,dal m%jK;d y÷kd.ksñka wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=< fmkajd fokqfha o thhs' jir ishhla ;=< ;u wkkH;djh wdrlaId lr.ksñka Ökh f,dj Yla;su;au wd¾Ólhla iys; rdcH njg m;alsÍug ,ndÿka odhl;ajh iEu foaYmd,k mlaIhlau úuid ne,sh hq;=h' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha ishjk ixj;airh iurk fudfydf;a Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl IS ðkamska ue;s;=ud we;=¿ mlaIfha l%shdldßkag iu.s ck n,fõ.fha WKqiqï iqn me;=ï msßkuuq' rxð;a uoaÿu nKavdr uy f,alï iu.s ck n,fõ.h

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Greeting Message

Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP)

I express my warm fraternal greeting on the occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Communist Party of China founded in 1921.

The People’s Republic of China was promulgated on the 1st October 1949 after the long successful victory march towards the Revolution, with a long and arduous journey led by the Great Leader Mao Zedong and Leader Zhou Enlai of the Communist Party of China. Accordingly, China emerged strong in the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and development began with the birth of the People’s Republic of China. As today, China has laid the foundation to become a global changing the international balance of power. Its speedy and balanced progress in political, socio-economic, poverty alleviation, cultural, scientific, technology, environment, research and space spheres deserves our esteemed respect. On this occasion Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP)

offers its warmest fraternal wishers and solidarity to the Communist Party and the Peoples of China led by the Leader of the Communist Party of China HE President Xi Jinping. We wish to recall the earliest political collaboration between Founder Leader of the MEP Philip Gunawardena and CPC Leader Zhou Enlai was when they became joint signatories in late 1920s in paris calling for independence of South China from French occupation. This warm friendship was further displayed when a delegation comprising our Founder Philip Gunawardena jointly with other parties visited Beijing soon after the 1949 Revolution. Similarly member of our party Parliamentarian Kusuma Gunawardena was instrumental in finding and becoming the first President of the Ceylon Friendship Association in early 1950s. MEP strongly believe that the great path shown by President Xi Jinping and Comrades of the Communist Party of China will always strengthen

Sri Lanka in her forwarded march, in advancing Sri Lankan Socialist Democracy by accepting realities of the peasantry, working class, national entrepreneur class, and professionals in a broader alliance. Once again Mahajana Eksath Peramuna offers its warmest fraternal wishes to the Leader of the Communist Party of China HE President Xi Jinping, comrades of the Communist Party of China, and the People of the People’s Republic of China, on the Centenary Celebration of founding of the Communist Party of China and in victories celebration by generation Communist Party of China across the world. May blessing of the Noble Triple Gem be with All Fraternally, Dinesh Gunawardena (M.P) Leader of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna Leader of the HouseParliament Foreign Minister of Sri Lanka

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The ruling party that led 1.4 billion people out of poverty and into prosperity

带领十四亿人民脱贫致富的执政党

Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China 庆祝中国共产党建党一百周年 Xushi Yin'e 我是许世吟娥，是至今仍生活在锡兰王子第二故乡―中国泉州的古锡兰国王室后裔。我的祖先世利巴交喇惹是古锡兰国科提王朝波罗伽罗摩巴忽六世的儿子。于明朝天顺三年（1459 年），奉父王之命来华“读书习礼”，后“因爱此地山水” ，选择在当时的“东方第一大港”―中国泉州定居。取“世” 为姓，在此繁衍生息。从此，中国多了一个奇特姓氏，泉州多了一家名门望族，中斯多了一层血缘关系。 I am XushiYin'e, a descendant of the ancient royal family of Ceylon who still lives in Quanzhou, China, the second hometown of the Prince of Ceylon. My Ancestor was a son of Parākramabāhu VI, the king of Kotte Kingdom in ancient Ceylon. In 1459, he

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came to China on the order of his father to“study and learn rituals”, and then“loved the landscape”and chose to settle in Quanzhou, China, which was the “biggest port in the East”. Taking"Shi" as his surname, theprincessand his family

flourished here. From then on, there has been one more peculiar family name in China, one more distinguished family in Quanzhou, and one more bloodtie between China and Sri Lanka.

agreement embodies the brotherhood between China and Sri Lanka, which is still engraved in the hearts of the Chinese people.

作为一位生在中国，长在中国的锡兰王室后裔，能有幸亲身经历中国50年来社会伟大的变革；亲眼目睹中国民生翻天覆地的蜕变，深感荣幸与骄傲。 As a Ceylonese royal descendant born and raised in China, I am honored and proud to have had the privilege of experiencing the great social changes in China over the past 50 years and to have witnessed the dramatic transformation of China's livelihood. 回眸往事，在我童年的时代，由于中国共产党领导的新中国刚刚建立，国家一穷二白，经济百废待兴，民生物资供应非常紧缺。当时的锡兰(斯里兰卡）政府顶住压力，与中国签署了《米胶协定》，向中国提供紧缺物资―橡胶。这份看似普通的商业协定，体现了中斯两国患难与共的兄弟情谊，至今仍让中国人民刻骨铭心。 Looking back, in my childhood, as the People’s Republic under the leadership of the Communist Party of China had just been established, the country was poor, the economy was in need of reconstruction, and the supply of livelihood materials was very short. Despite the pressure from the West, the then government of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) signed the Rubber-Rice Pact with China to supply China with the scarce material - rubber. This seemingly ordinary commercial

50年弹指一挥间，今日的中国，不仅解决了十四亿人民的温饱问题，而且实现了全面小康。民生物资充足，生活用品琳琅满目。国防、科技、交通、运输、通讯等行业己接近世界顶级水平。中国之所以能够在这最短的时间内，取得如此神速的发展，其主要原因应归功于中国共产党的正确领导及中国特色社会主义制度的优越性，归功于广大人民的共同努力。 In 50 years, today’s China has not only solved the problem of food and clothing for 1.4 billion people, but has also achieved overall prosperity. The people's livelihood is well supplied and there is a wide range of daily necessities. China’sdefense, technology, transportation, communication and other industries have reached the world's top level. The main reason why China has achieved such rapid development in this shortest period of time is due to the correct leadership of the CPC and the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese

characteristics, as well as the joint efforts of the general public. 仅从我所居住的中国南方城市泉州市来说，泉州人口800多万，40年前，泉州的GIP仅为 13.2亿元人民币（约1.96亿美元），而如今已达10158亿元人民币（约1511.97亿美元），翻了近十番；城市人均收入，40年前仅为500元人民币（约74.43美元），现在增加到 40772元人民币（约6068.70美元），翻了五番多；泉州城区的范围从40年前的十几平方公里，扩展到目前的120.6平方公里，扩大了8倍；记得我七十年代中期上初中时，当年的自行

车人均拥有量比当今汽车的人均拥有量少很多，当我拥有一部属于自已的国产凤凰牌自行车时，不知受到多少同学的羡慕。而今天泉州的私家轿车从 40年前的几百辆，发展到现在的120万辆…如今人们出行，首选的交通工具己再只有汽车，而多数选择高速列车或飞机。今日泉州，己乡乡通公路，县县有高速，一年后将实现县县通高铁。 Just for the city of Quanzhou where I live in southern China with a population of eight million people.Forty years ago, Quanzhou's GIP was only 1.32 billion RMB (about

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US$196 million), but today it has reached 101.58 billion RMB (about USD151.197 billion), nearly ten times; the per capita income of the city was only 500 RMB (about USD74.43) 40 years ago, but now it has increased to 40,772 RMB (about USD6068.70), five times. Quanzhou's urban area has expanded from a dozen square kilometers 40 years ago to 120.6 square kilometers today, an eight-fold increase.I remember when I was in junior high school in the mid-1970s, the number of bicycles per capita was much less than the number of cars per capita today, and when I owned a domestic Phoenix bicycle, I was envied by many of my classmates. Today, the number of private cars in Quanzhou has grown from a few hundred 40 years ago to 1.2 million. Nowadays, when people travel, their first choice of transport is no longer just cars, but mostly high-speed trains or airplanes. Today, Quanzhou has highways in every village and expressways in every county, and in a year's time, every county will be connected to a high-speed railway. 在中国共产党的正确领导下，全国人民团结一心，先后取得了抗击1998年的长江特大洪灾和2008年的汶川大地震斗争的胜利。去年的新冠肺炎疫情爆

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发以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，14亿中国人民付出巨大努力，取得了抗疫斗争重大战略成果。在产能有限、自身需求巨大的情况下，中国履行承诺，向150多个国家和13个国际组织提供了抗疫物资援助。其中先后向斯里兰卡提供了包括110万剂新冠疫苗在内的大量资金和物质援助。为此斯里兰卡总统戈塔巴雅•拉贾帕克萨（Gotabaya Rajapaksa）于5月20日亲自在社交媒体上发文：“深深地感谢中国政府和领导人的慷慨，让我们一起抗击疫情”。在与戈塔巴雅总统通话时，习近平主席也表示：“中国和斯里兰卡是真诚互助、世代友好的战略合作伙伴。新冠肺炎疫情发生后，中斯同舟共济、守望相助，谱写了两国友好新篇章” 。

Under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of China have united as one to achieve victory in the fight against the Yangtze River flood in 1998 and the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic last year, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the 1.4 billion Chinese people have made tremendous efforts to achieve significant strategic results in the fight against

the epidemic. With limited production capacity and huge needs of its own, China has fulfilled its commitments and provided anti-epidemic material assistance to more than 150 countries and 13 international organizations. Among them, a large amount of financial and material assistance, including 1.1 million doses of vaccine, has been provided to Sri Lanka. Therefore,Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksapersonally tweeted on 20 May: “Deeply thankful to president and government of China for their generosity, togetherwe can fight the pandemic.”China and Sri Lanka are strategic partners in sincere mutual assistance and friendship for generations.

During the call with President Gotabaya, Chinese President Xi Jinping also said: “China and Sri Lanka are strategic partners with sincere mutual assistance and friendship for generations. After the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia, China and Sri Lanka have written a new chapter of friendship between the two countries by sharing the same boat and looking after each other.” 今年七月一日，是中国共产党建党百年华诞。中国共产党不仅是世界上党员人数最多的政党，而且也是世界上国民支持

国，最终只能是自取其辱，以失败而告终。因为，中国人民跟随中国共产党走的决心坚定不移，中国人民选择有中国特色社会主义道路的意志坚如磐石。

度最高的一个政党。中国共产党秉承“以人为本”、“执政为民”的治国理念，心为民所系，思为民所想，因而长期深受中国人民的爱戴。 This 1st July marks the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China is not only the party with the largest number of members in the world, but also the party with the highest level

of domestic support in the world. The CPC has long been loved by the Chinese people because of its philosophy of "people first" and "governing for the people", and because its heart is in the hands of the people and its thoughts are in the minds of the people. 100年来的历史告诉了人们，不管外部环境如何险恶，任何人想打压、污蔑、唱衰中国共产党；想封锁、遏制、孤立中

The history of the past 100 years has taught people that no matter how hostile the external environment is, anyone who tries to suppress, slander or sing the praises of the CPC will only end up in failure. Anyone who tries to suppress, vilify or slander the Chinese Communist Party or tries to blockade, contain or isolate China, will only end up in self-disgrace and failure. The Chinese people's determination to follow the CPC is unwavering, and their will to choose the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is as solid as a rock. 2021年5月25日写于中国福建泉州 Written in Quanzhou, Fujian, China on May 25, 2021

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Greeting Message

Bangladesh China Cultural Economic and Mass Communication Centre (BCCEMCC) “I am honored to take the privilege to congratulate the People

of the People’s Republic of China on the 100th anniversary of Communist Party of China ( CPC). Under the leadership of CPC China has achieved a position of tremendous honour in the global stage. Over the past few decades of reform and openingup, China has become an engine of global growth. CPC has led China to establish itself a great political and economical power. In the ever increasing sphere of imperialistic power, China has portrayed to the world that social justice, equity and economic prosperity can be attained through establishing socialistic norms. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has been sufficiently proved to be a model of establishing an egalitarian society. I expect China under the leadership of the CPC to utilize its international influence to curb the ever growing power of imperialism in different dimensions. It is high time China takes the global leadership in establishing human rights globally and tackles the environment from adverse effects of climate change. I believe China shall establish itself as a nation economically prosperous, culturally advanced, strong and harmonious where the voice of every citizen will be heard irrespective of their race, religion, color and ethnic identity. Air Vice Marshal (Retd.) Altaf Hossain Choudhury President Bangladesh China Cultural Economic and Mass Communication Centre (BCCEMCC) Vice President (OSARFCC)

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Greeting Message

INDIA CHINA FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION On the 100thAnniversary of the Communist Party of China, it is with great pleasure that we extend our warmest greetings to the government of China and its people. We look forward to the 100page issue of the China Mirror magazine published from Sri Lanka. We also congratulate the Communist Party of China whose belief in socialism with Chinese characteristics, has helped them plough back the profits and progress for the welfare of their people. We, at ICFA, appreciate the efforts of the Communist Party of China which brought massive social and economic development to the country. We will help in promoting south Asia-China people-to-people relations, across borders to achieve world peace along with development. Many congratulations once again. Dr.G.H.Fernandes President, India-China Friendship Association Vice-President, OSARFCC

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Greeting Message

China-Maldivian Cultural Association (CMCA)

On behalf of the Executive Council and the Members of ChinaMaldivian Cultural Association (CMCA), and on my own, I would like to extend our heartfelt felicitations on this auspicious occasion of the 100th Anniversary of founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Among the countries of the South Asia Region, the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the People’s Republic of China have maintained an incredibly special cultural, and socio-economic relations. Sri Lanka is a major country on the String of Pearls of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Indeed, the generous contributions of the Association for Sri Lanka – China Social and Cultural Cooperation to these incredible relations are remarkable. The wisdom and perseverance of the Founding Leaders of CPC have led the great Chinese nation to liberate and preserve freedom, defend sovereignty, territorial integrity, and dignity. The successive Leadership of CPC reformed, chose freely to implement Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, addressing the aspiration of the people for achieving the China Dream. The “people centered” policy of CPC made China successful in eliminating poverty, promoting the paradigm of equity and social justice. At the dawn of the 21st Century, the people of China under the Leadership of President Xi Jinping, stand proud of the fact that China is the first global trading power, the first contributor to raise global GDP, the second strongest economy in the world. China as a strong advocate for multilateralism, and dialogue among civilizations; the noble vision of Belt and Road Initiative for a shared future for mankind is a testimony that China remains steadfast in its support to the socio-economic and cultural development of Asia and the world. China’s lead in aerospace exploration and artificial intelligence are glories that we all Asians would cherish. As the CPC embarks on its second century of leading China and the great Chinese nation, the people of South Asia shall continue to support further enhancing our people-to-people relations with China. Once again, we wish the stewardship of the CPC great success in the governance of China with the principles of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. Mohamed Rasheed Founder and President of China-Maldivian Cultural Association Vice President (OSARFCC)

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Greeting Message

All Pakistan-China Friendship Association

The All Pakistan-China Friendship AssociationAPCFA extends its warmest congratulations to President Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on the 100 anniversary of CPC in 2021. APCFA lauds the glorious history and the great achievements China has scored under the leadership of the CPC, and will definitely move toward a brighter future and make greater contributions to the development of human society. One hundred years ago, the Communist Party of China instilled the hope of a better nation and started leading China on the road to stability and development. The CPC has made significant achievements in these 100 years The CPC has united and led the Chinese people to constantly improve the socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and promote the reform and opening-up, the state development and construction to gain new achievements, with the party's and the country's influence growing regionally and globally, China has managed to tackle the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, and is making steady progress in economic development. In this regard, APCFA congratulates

Chinese leadership and the whole Chinese nation for a successful ‘People’s War’ against the pandemic and remarkable economic recovery, and thanks Chinese leadership for consistent support to Pakistan in our fight against the pandemic. Under the century-old leadership of the CPC, China has worked closely with Pakistan for seven decades to ensure progress in the region. 2021 is a milestone for both the CPC and Pakistan as they celebrate 70 years of establishment of diplomatic relations. China’s experience in poverty alleviation is a benchmark for the rest of the world. China’s poverty alleviation policies are praised time and again in Pakistan as well as the need to learn from China’s poverty alleviation experience. At present, CPC is leading the Chinese people to strive for the building of a modern socialist country and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is remarkable that with joint efforts of successive generations and leadership of two countries, Sino-Pak friendship has gone from strength-to-strength with each passing day. This relationship is based on mutual trust, understanding and commonality of interests because it is deeply rooted in

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the hearts of peoples of two countries and has withstood tests of time. After seven decades, Pakistan-China relationship has transformed into an ‘All-weather Strategic Cooperative Partnership’ focused to jointly build ‘Closer China-Pakistan Community of Shared Future. China’s remarkable achievements in all around national development are a role model for all developing countries. The recent landing of China’s spacecraft on Mars is a

testimony to this fact. APCFA , representing the people-to-people dimension, looks forward to play its role to promote people’s diplomacy, and to assist the government to strengthen cooperation with the CPC.

momentous occasions for our two countries to strengthen people-to-people bonds. APCFA congratulates the people of China, Communist Party of China, President Xi Jinping, on the centenary of the CPC.

We, at APCFA focused on building Sino-Pak people-topeople friendship since 1978, have every reason to believe that under the leadership of the CPC with President Xi Jinping at its core, China will continue to be a pillar of world peace and a contributor to global development and prosperity. These are

We congratulate the Association for Sri LankaChina Social and Cultural Cooperation for taking out this special publication to mark the Centenary of CPC. Muhammad Ikhlaque Usmani, President All Pakistan-China Friendship Association Vice President (OSARFCC)

Forge ahead like a gigantic ship breaking through strong winds and heavy waves. President Xi Jinping Governance of China

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Greeting Message

Nepal China Executives Council Secretary General

I am happy that ASLCSCC is publishing a souvenir to celebrate the 100thAnniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China. On the occasion on behalf of our entire Organization the South Asian Regional Friendship and Cooperation with China (OSARFCC) and from myself. I would like to congratulate the Communist Party of China on its 100th anniversary. China under the leadership of the CPC and with the hard work and efforts of all people made an impressive development of the country and contributed to the development of the whole world in a very significant way. I personally witnessed the impressive achievements from different sides of china, from village level to international cooperation. OSARFCC will always offer its services for fruitful and respectful cooperation with China and CPC for enhancing multilateral cooperation. Prosperity and peace. I appreciate the efforts made to bring out this publication in this great occasion. I am confident that publication will provide a learning platform for in depth information about South AsianChina relations.

Rajendra Nakarmi Secretary General Nepal China Executives Council Vice President, OSARFCC

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Five-year plans-CPC’s Great Aspiration & Mission The First Five Year Plan for the development of the economy in China was designed for the period 1953-1957. Focusing largely on the creation of an industrial base, and mainly heavy industry at that, agriculture had to generate a surplus to enable that creation while consumption was to take last place. In the process of unfolding, the Five Year Plan was reformulated time and again, partially as well the result of a planning structure that was becoming more and more able to tinker with plans that guided all economic activity on a nationwide scale. The plan was only formally adopted in 1955. It committed to realizing national rejuvenation, the country has achieved remarkable development with many five-year plans charting the course, consecutively. These plans embody the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) original aspiration and mission, which is to seek happiness

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for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. Through five-year plans, the CPC sets specific objectives for its great vision, breaks down long-term goals into short-term targets, and puts its governance philosophy into action. It is under the continuous guidance of fiveyear plans that the CPC has led China in achieving steady and significant progress, accomplishing the historic goals of eradicating extreme poverty and establishing a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and on this basis, building a modern socialist country. Creating five-year plans to guide the economic and social development is an important governance approach of the Communist Party of China and key to the governance of China. The five-year plans reflect the superb ability of Communist Party of China to safeguard the

Nalin Aponso

President- Sri Lanka-China Journalists Forum

will and desires of the people and rally public support. The formulation and promulgation of five-year plans represents scientific, democratic and lawbased decision-making by the Communist Party of China. It is also a process of achieving unity in thinking among Communist Party members and building consensus across society. By implementing these plans, the Communist Party of China unites the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in accomplishing its targets connectively. The Communist Party of China is celebrating its 100th anniversary on 1st of July this year.It is the starting point on a new journey to fully building a modern socialist China. New long-range objectives have been established .New blueprint has been developed. The CPC will lead the Chinese people to build China into a great modern socialist country, and realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

China will advance the implementation of major programs set out in the Outline of the 14th Five-year Plan, to better tap the key role of effective investmentThe major programs span a series of key areas, including scientific and technological advances, infrastructural facilities, environmental protection, people's livelihoods and cultural heritage. A great majority of the programs have kicked off. The major programs identified in the Outline of the 14th Five-year Plan are of strategic, fundamental and pace-setting importance. The government needs to make inputs, and the role of private sector also needs to be better leveraged in the course of implementation. I would like to mention few highlights of the draft outline of the 14th FiveYear Plan (2021-2025) for national economic and social development and the longrange objectives through the year 2035:

●● China to promote development of "Silk Road in the Air"

●● China to actively promote international science & technology cooperation

●● China's disposable income per capita to grow in line with GDP during 2021-2025

●● China to accelerate legislation for IPR protection in new areas

●● China to keep surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 pct. during 20212025

●● China will pursue innovation-driven development and create new strengths for development

●● China to actively participate in international cooperation in major infectious disease prevention, control ●● China pledges efforts to foster world-leading business environment ●● China to put economic development focus on real economy ●● China to make efforts to build its strength in the transport sector ●● China to speed up expanding 5G networks

●● China will promote its eastern areas to first realize the development with high quality ●● China will take self-reliance in science and technology as strategic underpinning for national development ●● China will stick to the strictest farmland protection system I would like to extend my warm greetings to the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China.

●● China to expand opening of service sector

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The Chinese communist Party has led China to create

'' Chinese Miracle''

People of China under the correct leadership of Chinese communist party liberated and established the People's Republic of China in year 1949. When new China was established, it defeated the hundred years of humiliation. It liberated the forces of production further the 1st law propagated by the people's government was the marriage law. This liberated women and broke the feudal mindset. People had to undergo many obstacles to get up by themselves. Nevertheless China had to engage with Korean War in 50's and had to fight with imperialism to safeguard China with people and CPC in hand in hand. Korean War gave new unity, pride and confidence to the people and came to understand that the Will-Power of the nation is important and essential at development.

46 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

Ajith Dharmawardena Senior Vice President Sri Lanka China Buddhist Friendship Association

The cultural revolution in mid 60's to early 70s pulled back the development of the nation, but people could live normal life happily without Luxuries but most importantly human values of the nation and moral was elevated under guidance of CPC. The turning point of China started in 80's with economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiao Ping, and government invested on Education and Scholars immensely, the results were known to whole world now. With the introduction of market economy and new edged technology the production capacity increased by double, thus could compete in the international market. The intellectuals, Engineers, scientists, think tankers got together and made numerous contributions towards the development

of China by constructing buildings, highways, Air ports, infrastructure facilities, housing, and highways across the ocean, aerospace, in each and every sector. This made China to become a super power. It is remarkable to notice the poverty eradication program, which was launched by central government has successfully overcome absolute poverty and 600 million were lifted out of poverty. This also a unique achievement of china. The one belt one road initiative by General Secretary CPC Xi Jin ping has shown the world that Nations can economically develop by win -win situation without following Western exploitation and domination by force and dollar manipulation. This is major contribution of communist Party of China to the world.

The CPC has determined the happiness of the people and rejuvenation of the nation Under the leadership of C P C the Chinese people drove away the imperialist powers overthrew the feudal warlords and established their own people ‘s Republic. Close to 100 years since its birth the C P C has always adhered to its original objectives and mission of seeking happiness for the Chinese people rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. State councilor and Foreign minister Wang recently mentioned that the relationship between the C P C and the Chinese people are like

It has ruled China ,more than 71 years and under the strong leadership of China has become the world's second largest economy and eliminated absolute poverty from China. China ‘s historic poverty alleviation achievement is a result of strong and outstanding leadership of the C P C. The CPC has determined the happiness of the people and rejuvenation of the nation as its primary duty of the nation since its founding. As China embarks on a new

Jinith de Silva President-Sri Lanka China Society

journey of building Modern socialist country, it will continue to adhere to its people centered philosophy , enhance people’s livelihood and promote social fairness and justice . Finally ,on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the C P C ,I sincerely wish that the Chinese people under the leadership of C P C with President Xi Jinping at the core will be successful in achieving the two centenary goals and realize the Chinese dream of National rejuvenation.

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 47

Ök fldñhqksÜia mlaIfha cd;sl iïfï,k tod isg wo olajd m%:u cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1921 cQ,s 23 isg cQ,s 31 olajd

ia:dkh

Yexyhs k.rfha§ wdrïN jQ fuu m%:u iïfï,kh miqj pÔhdx m<df;a ðhdisx fldar<fha kkayq jej u; fndaÜgqjl§ meje;aúK'

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

50 blaujd ●● lïlre mka;s ck úma,jh yuqodj wkqidrfhka iqfLdamfNda.S Èú fmj;g yqrejQ tal mqoa., iudch ì|fy<Su'

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kfha m%Odk ld¾hNd¾h jQfha Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh" ks, jYfhka ia:dms; lsÍfï m%Yakh ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍuh' fuu iïfï,kfha§ m%:u mlaI jevigyk iïu; jQ w;r mlaIfha ku" Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh f,i ;SrKh flßK' mlaIfha mrud¾: f,i my; oelafjk ldrKd ;SrKh úh'

48 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

●● lïlre mka;sh uÕska rg h<s f.dv kÕñka mka;s fjki iïmQ¾Kfkau ;=rka lsÍug lghq;= fh§u' ●● mka;s wr.,h ms<sn| mrud¾: idlaId;a lr.ekSfï wruqK i|yd lïlre mka;s ck;d wd{dodhl;ajh ia:dms; lsÍu" mka;s ;=rka lsÍu' ●● Okjd§kaf.a whs;sh wfydais lsÍu iy ksIamdokh ms<sn| ish¨ wdldrhka yryd iuia: iudcfha whs;sh ia:dms; lsÍu'

Okjd§kaf.a whs;sh wfydais lsÍu iy ksIamdokh ms<sn| ish¨ wdldrhka yryd iuia; iudcfha whs;sh ia:dms; lsÍu. fuu iïfï,JfhaÈ j¾;udk ld¾hNdrhka ms<sn|j úi¾ck fhdackdjla iïu; flßK' fuys§ mlaIh msysgqùfuka miq uOHu ld¾hNdrhla f,i lïlre mka;sh ixúOdk lr lïlre jHdmdrhg ud¾f.damfoaY iemhSug wjOdkh fhduqúh' fuu iïfï,kfha§ mlaI uOHu ld¾hdxYh ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd fpka ;=ishq (Chen Duxiu) pdx .=´;d´ (Chang Guotao) iy ,S ;d (Li Da) hk uyd;ajreka f;dard .e‚k' f,alïjrhd f,i m;a flrefKa fpka ;=ishq uy;dh'

fojk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1922 cQks 16 isg cQks 23 olajd

ia:dkh

Yexyhs

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

195 blaujd

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kh úiska m%ldYhla iïu; lr ksl=;a lrk ,§' cd;sl yd hg;a úð;jd§ m%Yak ms<sn| f,kska kHdhhka iy Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh msysgqùfï isg flreKq Ök úma,jh ms<sn| uQ,sl m%Yak úu¾Ykhka tu m%ldYhg moku úh' tu m%ldYfhka f,dal ;;a;ajh" w¾O hg;a úð;jdoh iy Ök iudcfha jevjiï iajdNdjh úYaf,aIKh flßK' tfukau Ök úma,jfha ,laIKh" m%j¾;l n,ldh iy b,lalo tys úia;r flßK' tu m%ldYkfha§ mlaIfha wju yd Wmßu jevms<sfj< ms<sn| kshuhkao i|yka lr ;sìK' Ök úma,jh" wêrdcHjdohg yd jevjiïjdohg tfrys m%cd;dka;%sl úma,jhla nj;a

úma,jfha m%j¾;l n,ldh" lïlre mka;s ck;dj" f.dú ck;dj iy fiiq iq¿ uOHu mdka;slhka nj;a tu m%ldYfhka wjOdrKh úh' tys wju jev ms<sfj< mrud¾: f,i i|yka jQfha wNHka;r fmr<s;=rka lsßu" rfÜ iduh w;alr.ekSu i|yd hqom;shka mrdch lsÍu" Ök rg i|yd mQ¾K ksoyi ,nd .ekSfï wNsm%dh u; f,dal wêrdcHjd§kaf.a ysxikhka mrdch lsÍu we;=¿ ldrKd lsysmhls. Wmßu jevms<sfj< mrud¾: hgf;a i|yka jQfha mka;s wr., w¾:fha f.dú-lïlre w{dodhl;ajh ia:dms; lsÍug Y%u mka;s ck;dj ixúOdkh lsÍu" fm!oa.,sl whs;s l%uh ;=rka lsÍu yd wkql%ufhka

fldñhqksiaÜ iudchg .uka lsÍu we;=¿ ldrKd lsysmhls' kj Ökfha m%:u j;djg tu iïfï,kh wêrdcHjdohg yd jevjiïjdoh tfrys m%cd;dka;%sl úma,jh ms<sn| jevms<sfj,la kshu lr ;sìK' tys Ök úma,jh ms<sn| w¾:oelaùu yd ld¾hNdrhkao meyeÈ,sj olajd ;sì‚' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI jHjia:djo tu iïfï,kfhaÈ iïu; flßK' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu úOdhl lñgqj fpka ;=ishq pdx .=´;d´, idhs yfika (Cai Hesen) .d´ cqkahq (Gao Junyu), yd f;x fjdxIshd (Deng Chongxia) hk uyd;ajrekaf. ka iu;aúh' lñgq iNdm;sjrhd f,i f;dard .ekqfKa fpka ;=ishq uy;dh'

f;jk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1923 cQks 12 isg cQks 20 olajd

ia:dkh

.=px fpdõ

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

30 blaujd

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

420

m%Odk ld¾hhka l=fjdañx;dx - fldñhqksiaÜ iyfhda.s;dj mokï lr.;a tlai;a úma,ùh fmruqK msysgqùu iïnkaOfhka tu iïfï,kfha§ m%odk jYfhka idlÉPd flßK' 1923 ckjdß udifha§ fldñhqkaiaÜ cd;Hka;rh iïu; l< Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh yd l=fjdañx;dx mlaIh

w;r in|;dj ms<sn| úi¾ck fhdackdjo tu iïfï,Jfha§ ms<s.ekSug ,laúh' ish¨u Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI iudðlhka" úúO m%cd;dka;%sl mka;s ms<sn| tlai;a fmruqK ia:dms; lsÍug myiqlï iemhSu i|yd mqoa., yelshdj u; l=fjdañx;dx mlaIhg tlaúh hq;= njgo tys§ ;SrKh úh'

fpka ;=ishq" ud´ fia;=x (Mao Zedong )" ¨´ pdx¨x (Luo Zhanglong ), ishd yfika iy ;dka msxYdka (Tan Pingshan) hk uy;djreka uOHu ld¾hdxYh ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd uOHu úOdhl lñgqj úiska f;dard .kq ,eìK' uOHu lñgq iNdm;sjrhd f,i f;dard .ekqfKa fpka ;=ishq uy;dh' China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 49

isõjk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1925 ckjdß 11 isg ckjdß 20 olajd

ia:dkh

Yexyhs

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

994

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kfha§ cd;sl úma,ùh jHdmdrfha Ök iudchSh úúO mka;sj, ld¾hNdrhka úYaf,aIKh flßK' fuysÈ lïlre mka;s ck;djf.a iy f.dú lïlre ikaOdkfha kdhl;ajh jeo.;a Ndjhg wjOdkh fhduqúh' lïlre mka;sfha n,j;a iyNd.s;ajh yd kdhl;ajh iuÕ muKla Ök cd;sl úma,ùh jHdmdrh ch.%yKh l< yels njg tysÈ wjOdrKh flßK' Ök úma,jhg lïlre" yd f.dú" kd.ßl

uOHu yd iq¿ uOHu mdka;sl mq¿,a iyNd.s;ajh wjYH njo m%ldY úh' f.dú ck;dj tys jeo.;a fldgila nj;a jev lrk mka;sfha iajdNdúl ikaOdklrejka nj;a wjOdrKh flßK' fmr jifar isg l=fjdañx;dx md¾Yjh iuÕ meje;ajQ iyfhda.s;djh ms<sn| w;aoelSï yd mdvï fuu iïfï,kfha§ úuiqug ,laúh' lïlre jHdmdrfha" f.dú jHdmdrfha ;reK jHdmdrfha iy ldka;d jHdmdrfha ie,iqï ixlaIsma; lsÍu iy fy<sorõ lsÍuo tysÈ

isÿúh' úma,jfha uyd ixj¾Ok wjYH;d i|yd .e,fmk mßÈ iuia; rg mqrd mlaI ixúOdk msysgqùug yd Yla;su;a lsÍug o tysoS ;SrKh úh' fuu iïfï,kfha§ kj uOHu úOdhl lñgqjo f;dard .eksK' uOHu ld¾hdxY iudðlhska njg fpka ;=ishq" pdx .=´;d´, mdx Y=Ñ (Peng Shuchi), idhs yfika iy Ñhq Ñhqmdhs (Qu Qiubai), hk uy;ajre f;aÍ m;ajQy' uOHu úOdhl lñgq f,alïjrhd jQfha fpka ;=ishq uy;dh'

miajk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1925 ckjdß 11 isg ckjdß 20 olajd

ia:dkh

Yexyhs

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

994

m%Odk ld¾hhka tu jif¾ wfm%a,a 12 jkod Ñhdx ldhs fYla uy;d úma,jhg tfrys l=uka;%Khl fh§fuka miq Ök úma,jfha ;SrKd;aul ;;a;ajhl miqìu hgf;a fuu iïfï,kh meje;aúsK' fldñhqksiaÜ cd;Hka;r úOdhl lñgqfõ y;ajeks úia;SrK mQ¾K /isúfï§ iïu; flreKq Ök úma,jh ms<sn| úi¾ck fhdackdj fuu iïfï,kfha§ ms<s.ekSug md;%úh' fpka ;=ishq

50 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

uy;d úiska lrk ,o we;eï w;ajerÈ úma,jfha cSj .=K moku u; tysÈ úfjpkhg ,la flß‚' fuu iïfï,kfha§ lDIs úma,jh Èh;a lsÍu iy .%dóh úma,ùh m%cd;dka;%sl n,h ia:dms; lsÍu ms<sn| m%Odk ld¾hNdrh kshu úh' tfy;a f.dúhkaf.a bvï ms<sn| b,a,Sug iß<k úfYaIs; jevms<sfj,la bÈßm;a lsÍug tu iïfï,kh wfmdfydi;a úh' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka ;SrKd;aul wjia:djl§ úma,jhg Yla;shla ,nd§fï

ld¾hNdrh iïmQ¾K lsÍug tu iïfï,khg fkdyels ù ;sì‚' iïfï,kfha§ uOHu lñgqj i|yd iudðlhska 29 fofkl= yd úl,am idudðlhka 10 fofkl= f;dard .eksK' fpka ;=ishq" pdx .=´;d´" ,S fjhsydka ^Li Weihan&" pqhq Ñhqndhs iy ;dka msxYdka hk uy;ajreka foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYh i|yd f;dard .eksK' m%Odk f,alïjrhd f,i fpka ;=ishq uy;d f;dard .eksK'

yhjk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1928 cQks 18 isg cQ,s 11 olajd

ia:dkh

fudialõ

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

úl,am iudðlhka 34 fofkl= we;=¿j idudðlhka 84

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

40"000 blaujd

m%Odk ld¾hhka 1923 cQks udifha isg 1927 cQks udih olajd jQ m%:u uyd úma,jfha wid¾:l Ndjfhka miq ,nd.;a w;aoelsï idlÉPdjg ,lalsÍu" fuu iïfï,kfha m%Odk ld¾hNdrh úh' tys§ úma,j iajNdjh yd foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh" l%shdud¾. kshu lsÍu" kj hq.hla i|yd jk mlaI uQ,O¾u yd m%;sm;a;s ud¾f. damfoaYh Ñka;ksl jYfhka iuia; mlaIh tlai;a lsÍu ms<sn|j idlÉPd flßK' Ök iudch w¾O hg;a m%foaY yd w¾O jevjiï iudchl mj;sk tu iïfï,kfha woyi úh' Ök úma,jh" j;auka hq.fha§ uOHu

mdka;sl m%cd;dka;%sl úma,jhla f,io m%ldY úh'

;;a;ajho úfõpkhg ,la lf<ah'

fuu iïfï,kfha§ m%cd;dka;%sl úma,jh ms<sn| jevms<sfj< 10la iïmdokh flßK'

fuu iïfï,kfha§ fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha yhjeks uOHu lñgqj f;dardm;a flßK' ta i|yd f;dard .eKqkq idudðl ixLHdj 23ls' úl,am idudð .Kk 13ls' foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYhg Ishdx fpdx*d (Xiang Chongfa), fpdõ tka,dhs (Zhou Enlai), iQ pd´fpx (Su Chaoheng), Ishdx hsx (Xiang Ying ), pQhs Ñhqmdhs hk uy;ajreka f;dardm;a flßK'

tjlg Ökfha foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh úma,ùh /<s folla w;r mj;sk njg;a mlaIfha m%Odk ld¾hhNdrh m%ydr fkd§u yd keÕS isàu ixúOdkh lsÍu njg;a ck;d ch.%yKhka w;alr .ekSu yd ler<sj,g iqodkïùu l< hq;= njg;a tys§ m%ldY úh' iïfï,kh" olaIsKdxYsl yd jdudxYsl ld,dkqrEmS iaj-woyia yd l%shdud¾. fjkia lsÍfï

m%Odk f,alïjrhd njg m;ajQfha Ishdx fpdxmd (Xiang Chongfa) uy;dh'

y;ajk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1945 wfm%a,a 23 isg cQks 11 olajd

ia:dkh

hkawdka

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hka 544ls' úl,am ksfhdað;hka 208

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 1'21

m%Odk ld¾hhka mlaI iïfï,kfha§ ikaOdk rcfha foaYmd,k jd¾;dj ud´ fia;=x uy;d úiska bÈßsm;a lrk ,§' ,shq Yd´ Ö (Liu Shaoqi) uy;d úiska mlaI jHjia:d ixfYdaOk jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lrk ,§' ksoyia lr .kakd ,o m%foaY igka N+ñ ms<sn| hqo j¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa pq ; (Chu De ) uy;d úisks' fpdõ

tka,dhs uy;d tys§ tlai;a fmruqK ms<sn| jeo.;a l;djla lf<ah' mlaI kdhl;ajh hgf;a ck;d n,ldh ia:dk.; lsÍu yd mq¿,a lsÍu ms<sn| mlaIfha foaYmd,k l%shdud¾. ks¾Kh lsÍuo fuu iïfï,kfha§ isÿúh' cmdk wdl%uKh mrdch lrñka iuia; ck;dj ksoyia l< yels mßÈ yd kj m%cd;dka;%sl Ökhla f.dvkeÕsh yels mßÈ tu ld¾hhka lsÍug

wêIaGdk flßK' fuu iïfï,kfha§ kj mlaI jHjia:djo iïu; úh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha ish¨ ld¾hhka i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY f,i Ök úma,jh ms<sn| Ndú;dj iuÕ udlaiaf,kskajdÈ kHdh taldnoaO lr.;a ud´ fiaa;=x Ñka;kh kshu lrk nj tu mlaI jHjia:dfõ i|yka úh' China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 51

tuÕska cmdk wdl%uKhg tfrysj mQ¾K ch ,nd.ekSug iy wk;=rej iuia; rg mQrd ck;d m%cd;dka;%sl úma,jh ch.ekSug fmr fkdjQúre wdldrfhka Yla;su;a yd tlai;a mokula ysñlr .ekSug Wmldr ie,fik njo m%ldY úh' uOHu lñgqjg f;dardm;a lr .eKQkq idudðl ixLHdj 44ls'

úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 33ls' y;ajeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisjdrfha§ uOHu lñgq foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYh i|yd ud´ fia;=x, pq ; " ,shq Yd´Ö" fpdõ tka,dhs" frks îYS (Ren Bishi)" fpka hqka (Chen Yun)" ldka fYx (Kang Sheng)" .d´ .dx (Gao Gang)" fmka fpka (Peng Chen)" ;=x îpq (Dong

Biwu)" ,ska fndapQhs (Lin Bochu)" pdx fjka;shka (Chang Wentian) iy mx ;yqhs (Peng Dehui) hk uy;ajreka f;dard .eksK. f,alï ld¾hdxYhg ud´ fia;=x" pq ;" ,shq Yd´Ö" fpdõ tka,dhs yd frka msYS hk uy;ajreka f;dard .eksK' uOHu lñgq iNdm;sjrhd f,i ud´ ;afia;=x uy;d f;dardm;a flßK'

wgjk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1956 iema;eïn¾ 15 isg iema;eïn¾ 24 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hka 1026 úl,am ksfhdað;hka 107

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 10'73

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kh 1949 § Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI n,hg m;aùfuka miq meje;s m%:u cd;sl iïfï,khhs' fuh mej;sfha Ökh iudcjd§ mßj¾;khlg ,la jQ wjÈfha§h' tjlg mlaIh kj ;;a;ajhka yd kj ld¾hNdrhkag uqyqK § ;sìK' iïfï,kfha§ iudrïNl l;dj meje;ajQfha ud´ fia;=x uy;dh' ,shq Yd´õ uy;d úiska foaYmd,k jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,§' cd;sl wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd jk fojk mia wjqreÿ ie,eiau ^1958-1962& ms<sn| fhdackd jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa fpdõ tka,dhs uy;d úisks' f;x ishd´msx (Deng Xiaoping) uy;d úiska Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI jHjia:d ixfYdaOk jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lrk ,§'

52 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

Ökfha§ iudcjd§ l%uh uQ,sl jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;s nj tu iïfï,kh m%ldY lf<ah' rg ;=< uQ,O¾u m%;súfrdaO;dj ;jÿrg;a fkdmj;sk njo tu iïfï,kfhaÈ m%ldY úh' iuia; cd;sfha ish¨ W;aiydhka ksIamdol;aj n,ldhka ixj¾Okhg yd l¾udka;lrKhg fhduq lsÍu o wjOdrKh flßK' tfukau ck;djf.a j¾Okh wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl wjYH;d i|yd wkql%ufhka uqyqK§ugo wjOdrKh flßK' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI n,h f.dvkexùfï m%Yakho iïfï,kfha§ wjOdrKh úh' m%cd;dka;%sl uOH.;lrKh" iduqysl kdhl;ajh" mqoa., weoySïj,g úreoaOùu" mlaIh ;=< m%cd;ka;%jdoh m%j¾Okh lsÍu iy ck;dj iuÕ mlaI

ne£ï Yla;su;a lsÍu hk ldrKdo wjOdrKh flßK' iïfï,kfha§ iudcjd§ ud¾. ixj¾Okh i|yd;a wkd.; mlaI ixj¾Oh i|yd;a ÈYdjka kshu úh' fuysÈ idudðlhka 97 fofkl=f.ka yd úl,am idudðlhka 73 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; kj uOHu lñgqjlao f;dard .e‚k' wgjeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisfha§ kj kdhl uKav,o f;dard .eksK' uOHu lñgq iNdm;sjrhd jQfha ud´ fia;=x uy;dh' ,shq Yd´Ö" fpdõ tka,dhs" pq ; iy fpka hqka (Chen Yun) hk uy;ajreka Wm iNdm;sjreka f,i f;aß m;a jQy' m%Odk f,alïjrhd jQfha f;x ishd´msx uy;dh' tu uy;ajreka ihfokd uOHu lñgq foaYmd,k ld¾hdxY ia:djr ldrl iNdjgo f;dard .kakd ,§'

kjjk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1969 wfm%a,a 1 isg wfm%a,a 24 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

1512

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 22

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kh mej;sfha ixialD;sl úma,j iufha miqnEï hgf;a Ök fldïhqksiaÜ mlaIh msvdjg m;a jQ wdidudkH ;;a;ajhka hgf;ah' tfukau m<d;a iajhxmd,k m%foaY uyd kd.ßl iy úúO ìï uÜgfï mlaI ixúOdk mlaI lñgq ukdj m%;sia:dmkh fyda ia:dmkh fkdjqKQ ;;a;ajh hgf;ah' tfiau" mlaI idudðl;ajfha nyq;r fldgi mlaIfha ksrka;r lghq;= i|yd h<s fkdmeñ‚ wjia:djo Wodù ;sìK' fuu iïfï,kfha§ ,ska mshd´ (Lin Biao) uy;d foaYmd,k

jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrñka lïlre mka;s ck;d wd{dodhl;ajh hgf;a úma,jh wLKavj f.khEfï kHdh wjOdrKh lf<ah' tu kHdhfha rgdj yd jeo.;aNdjh úia;r flreKq w;r ixialD;sl úma,jh ms<sn|jo idlÉPd flßK' ixialD;sl úma,jh Ndú;h ks;Hdkql+, l< iïfï,kh mlaI uOHu lñgqj ;=< ,ska mshd´ uy;df.a yd ðhdx Ñx uy;añhf.a ;;a;ajhka Yla;su;a lf<ah' flfia fj;;a fuu iïfï,kfha u;jd§" foaYmd,ksl yd ixúOdkd;au WmfoaYhka iïmQ¾Kfhkau idjoH nj igyka ù ;sfí'

uOHu lñgqj i|yd f;dard .eKQkq idudðl ixLHdj 170ls' úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 109ls' thska 8jeks uOHu lñgqfõ isá idudðl yd úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 53ls' 9jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisjdrfha§ iNdm;sjrhd f,i ud´ fia;=x uy;d f;dard m;a lr .kakd ,§' Wm iNdm;sjrhd jQfha ,ska mshd´ uy;dh' uOHu lñgq foaYmd,k ld¾hdxY ia:djr lñgq idudðlhska f,i ud´ fia;=x" ,ska mshd´" fpka fmda;d" fpdõ tka,dhs yd ldx fYx hk uy;ajreka f;dard .eksK'

oijk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1973 wf.daia;= 24 isg wf.daia;= 28 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

1249

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 28

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kh meje;ajQfha ,ska mshd´ úma,j úfrdaê lKavdhug mrdch lrkq ,eîfuka miqjh' iïfï,k ksfhdað;fhda ,ska mshd´ lKavdhu l< wmrdO úfõpkh l< w;r tu lKavdhug tfrysj mlaI uOHu lñgqj mekjQ iïndOl yd úêúOdk i|yd talu;sl iyh m%ldY l<y' foaYmd,k jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa fpdõ tka,dhs uy;d úissks' jx yqxjka (Wang Hongwen) uy;d úiska

mlaI jHjia:d ixfYdaOk j¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,§' iïfï,khg miqj ðx Ñx" pdx pqkaÑwd´" hd´ fjkshqwdka iy px yqxjka uOHu lñgqfõ foaYmd,ksl ld¾hdxYh ;=< “i;r fokdf.a l,a,sh” ks¾udKh l<y' ðwdx Ñx g iy l,a,shg jeä n,hla ysñúh' iïfï,kfha kj uOHu lñgqj i|yd idudðlhka 195 fofkl= yd úl,am idudðlhka 124 fofkl= f;dard m;a lr

.eksK' 10jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisfha§ ud´ fia;=x uy;d iNdm;sjrhd njg f;aÍm;aúh' WmiNdm;sjreka jqfha fpdõ tka,dhs" px yqxjka" ldx fYx" fha ðkaisx yd ,S ;fYx hk uy;ajrekah' foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYfha ia:djr ldrl iNd idudðlhka jQfha ud´ fia;=x" px yqxjka" fha ðwdkahsx" pQ ;" ,S ;d fYx" pdx hqkaÑwd´" fpdõ tka,dhs" ldx fYx yd ;=x mS pq hk uy;ajrekah'

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 53

tfldf<dia jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1977 wf.daia;= 12 isg wf.daia;= 18 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

1510

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 35

m%Odk ld¾hhka fuu iïfï,kfha§ foaYmd,k jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa yqwd .=´*x uy;d úisks' mlaI jHjia:d ixfYdaok jd¾;dj fha ðwdkahsx uy;d úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,§' iïfï,kfha mßiudma; jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lf<a f;x iswd´msx uy;dh' —i;r fokdf.a l,a,shg˜ tfrysj l< wr.,h fuu iïfï,kfha§

ixlafIam flßK' jir oyhl ixialD;sl úma,jh ksudj olsk njo fuu iïfï,kfha§ m%ldY flßK' kj ld,mßÉfPaofha§ mlaIh ioyd uQ,sl ld¾hNdrh jkafka Y;j¾Ih ;=< Ökh" n,iïmkak iy kùk iudcjd§ rgla njg f.dvkexùu njo h<s wjOdrKh úh' kj uOHu lñgqjg f;aÍ m;a jQ idudðl ixLHdj 201ls' úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 132ls' 11jeks

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisfha§ yQ wd .=´*x uy;d iNdm;sjrhd njg f;dard .eksK' Wm iNdm;sjreka f,i fha ðwdkahsx" f;x iswd´smsx" ,S ishkakshka iy jx ;=xisx hk uy;ajreka f;dard m;a lr .eksK' tu mqoa.,hka miafokd foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYfha ia:djr ldrl iNd idudðlhka f,i f;aÍ m;a jQy'

fodf<dia jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1982 iema;eïn¾ 1 isg iema;eïn¾ 11 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hka 1600 úl,am ksfhdað;hka 149

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 39'65

m%Odk ld¾hhka 11 jeks mlaI cd;sl iïfï,kfhka miq ixj¾Ok wjia:d yd ft;sydisl ch.%yK ixlafIam lsÍu" fuu iïfï,kfha m%Odk wruqK úh' tfukau ixialD;sl úma,jfhka isÿ jQ RKd;aul n,mEï uq,skqmqgd oeóu;a iudcjd§ kùlrK f.dvkexùï ms<sn| kj ;;a;ajhla ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd jQ ksjerÈ ud¾.h" l%fudamdh" uQ,O¾u yd m%;sm;a;s ks¾Kh lsÍu;a fuu iïfï,kfha§ m%Odk wjodkhg ,la jQ ldrKh iïfï,k iudrïNl l;dj mj;ajk ,oafoa f;x iswd´msx uy;dh' 11jeks uOHu lñgq jd¾;dj yq hd´mdx úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,§' 54 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

fcaHIaG yd ;reK ks<OdÍka w;r iyfhda.;djg wod< jeo.;a l;d folla fha Ôwdkahsx yd fjka hqka hk uy;ajreka úiska mj;ajk ,§' fuu l;dj,§ fcaHIaGhka fjkqjg ;reKhkag j.lSï ndr§u flfryso ie,ls,a, fhduq úh' iïfï,k mßiudma; l;dj ,S ishkakshka uy;d úiska mj;ajk ,§' f;x iswd´msx uy;d úsiska Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh ms<sn| woyi bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa fuu iïfï,kfha§h' kj ft;sydisl ld, mßÉfþohla i|yd mlaIfha fmdÿ ld¾hNdrhka ie,iqï lsÍuo fuu iïfï,kfha§ isÿúh' l¾udka;" lDIsl¾u" cd;sldrlaIl" iy

úoHd yd ;dlaIK kùlrKh" mshjfrka mshjrg idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd mßY%ufhka yd oeäj" wd;au úYajdifhka hq;=j lghq;= lSÍug ish¨ ckjd¾.sl lKavdhï tlai;a lsÍu ;=<ska Ökh" ixialD;slj yd od¾Y‚lj Wiia yd ÈhqKq m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ rgla njg m;a lsrSu tla ld¾hNdrhls' fuu iïfï,kfha§ 1981 jif¾ isg Y;j¾Yh wjidkh olajd jk ld,mßÉfþoh i|yd wd¾:sl b,lalo kshu flrsK' ia:srj j¾Okh jk wdar:sl ldrhlaIu;dj hgf;a rfÜ jd¾Isl l¾udka; yd lDIsl¾u m%;sodk jákdlu isõ .=Khlska tu ld,h ;=< by, kexùu tys

m%Odk b,lalh úh' WodyrKhla f,i 1980 jif¾ jQ hQwdka ì,shka 710 isg jir 2000 jk úg hqwdka ì,shk 2800 olajd tu m%;sodk jákdlu by< kexùu i|yka l< yelsh' fuu.ska ck;djg jvd fyd| Ôjk ;;ajhla N=la;s ú§ug wjia:dj i,id§u flfrys oeä wjodkho fhduq úh'

idudðl ixLHdj 210ls' úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 138lS' idudðlhska 172 iys; uOHu WmfoaYl fldñiulao ks¾udKh úh'

iïfï,kfha§ kj mlaI jHjia:djlao iïu; úh'

12jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisjdrfha§ yQ hd´mdx, fha ðwdkahsx" f;x iswd´msx" jd ´

uOHu lñgqjg f;dard .ekqKq

Ökh mÍlaIKh i|yd jk uOHu fldñiug f;dard .ekqK idudðl ixLHdj 132ls'

;aishdx" ,S ishkakshka yd fjka hqka hk uy;ajreka foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYfha uOHu lñgqj i|yd f;dard .eks‚' uOHu hqo fldñifï yd Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu WmfoaYl fldñifï iydm;sjrhd f,i f;x iswd´msx uy;d f;aÍ m;aúh' úkh mÍlaIKh i|yd jk uOHu fldñifï m%:u f,alïjrhd f,i fjka hqka uy;d f;dard .eksK'

oy;=ka jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1987 Tlaf;dan¾ 25 isg fkdjeïn¾ 1 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hka 1936 úfYaI wdrê; ksfhdað;hka 61

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 46

m%Odk ld¾hhka iudcjd§ m%d:ñl wÈhr iy tu wÈhf¾ mlaI uQ,sl ud¾.h ms<sn| kHdh l%udKql+,j ú.%y lsÍu fuu iïfï,kfha§ isÿ úh' Ök iudcfha j;auka ft;sydisl wÈhr ms<sn| ksjerÈ wjfndaOh" Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh f.dvkexùu i|yd m%d:ñlj jeo.;aNdjhla imhk nj tys§ i|yka úh' iïfï,kh —;=ka wÈhr˜ wd¾:sl ixj¾Ok l%fudamdhlao kshu lf<ah' m<uqjekak ( wdydr yd weÕ¨ï ysÕ m%YaKh úi£u i|yd 1980 jif¾ jQ o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h fo.=K lsÍu. fojekak ( ck;dj i|yd idfmalaI hym;a Ôjk ;;a;ajhla Wodlr,Sug Y;j¾Ih wjidkh jk úg 1980 jif¾ jQ o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h isõ .=Khlska by< kexùu' f;jekak( cd;sl kùlrKh uQ,slj iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd rfÜ

tal mqoa., o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ; jákdlu uOHu uÜgfï ixj¾ê; rgj, jákdlug by< kexùu yd ta ;=<ska ck Ôù; ;;a;ajh j¾Okh lSÍu' m%;sixialrKhka läkñka yd .eUqßka bgq lsÍu ms<sn|j tys§ idlÉPd úh' jHjidhlhkaf.a fufyhqï hdka;%Kh fjkia lsÍug flakaøSh wjodkhla fhduq lsÍu i|yd wd¾:sl m%;sjHqylrKhla wjYH njo i|yka úh' ie,iqï" wdfhdack" øjH yd NdKav" uQ,H" nexl=lrKh" úfoaY fj<|du hk wxY ;=< úúO Wmldrd;aul m%;sixialrK isÿ lr ie,iqï.; wdldrfhka fj<| NdKav wd¾Ól kj l%uhla i|yd ld¾h rduqjla wkql%ufhka iïmdokh lsÍu tu m%;sjHqy.; lrKfha§ wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= ldrKhla f,i i|yka flßK' 13jeks uOHu lñgqjg f;dard.;a idudðl ixLHdj 175ls' úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 110ls' w¨f;ka

m;a flreKq uOHu WmfoaYl fldñiug we;=,;a jQ idudðl ixLHdj 200ls' úkh mÍlaIKh i|yd jk uOHu fldñiug idudðlhka yegkj fokl= m;a flßK' 13jeks uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisjdrfha§ foaYmd,k ld¾hdxY ia:djr ldrl iNdjg pd´ ;aishdx (Chao Ziyang)" ,S mka ^Li Peng& ùwd´ YS (Qiao Shi) yQ ú,S ^hu Qili& yd hd´ hss,ska ^Yao Yilin& hk idudðlhka f;dard .eksK' m%Odk f,alï jrhd f,i m;a jQfha pd´ ;aishdx uy;dh' f;x iswd´msx uy;d uOHu hqo fldñifï iNdm;sjrhd f,i f;dard .eksK' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu WmfoaYl fldñifï iNdm;sjrhd jQfha fjka hqka uy;dh' úkh mÍlaIK uOHu fldñifï f,alïjrhd f,i Ö wd´ YS uy;d m;a úh'

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 55

oyy;r jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1992 Tlaf;dan¾ 12 isg Tlaf;dan¾ 18 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hka 1989 úfYaI wdrdê; ksfhdað;hka 46

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 51

m%Odk ld¾hhka Ök m%;sixialrKh yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh iy kùlrK l%shdoduh kj hq.hlg msúi ;snqK ;;a;ajh ;=< fuu iïfï,kh meje;aúK' th m%cd;dka;%sl yd tlai;a reiaùula f,i jd¾;d.; jQfha m%;sixialrKh iy újD; lsÍu ms<sn| Ôj.=Kh iuÕ ldjeÿKq ;;a;ajho iys;jh' fuu iïfï,kfha§ cshdx ;afiñka uy;d 13 jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgqj fjkqfjka jeo.;a jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lf<ah' tys f;audj jQfha —m%;sixialrKh ndysr f,dalhdg újD; lsÍu yd kùlrKh i|yd jk jHdmdr läkï lsÍu˜ hkakh' tu jd¾;dfjys Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh f.dvke.Su i|yd iqúYd, id¾:lNdjhla ysñjk lreKq /ilau we;=<;a

56 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

úh' 1978 isg m%;sixialrKh yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh iy kùlrK l%shdoduh ;=< ,o id¾:lNdjhkao iïfï,kfha§ idlÉPdjg n÷ka úh' tfukau f.jqKq jir 14 ;=< Ndú;djka yd w;aoelSï o idrdxY flßK' Ök ,laIKfhka fyì idudcjdoh ms<sn| f;x ishd´msx kHdhu tys§ ukd úpdrKhlao ysñúh' fuu iïfï,kfha§ 1990 oYlh i|yd wd¾Ól yd iudc ixj¾Okh iy m%;sixialrKh ms<sn| m%Odk ld¾hNdrhka o kshu flßK' tfukau Ök wd¾Ól m%;sjHqy.; lsÍfï b,lalh jkafka iudcjd§ fj<|m< wd¾Ól l%uhla msysgqùu nj fuu iïfï,kfha§ m%ldY úh' kj uOHu lñgqjg m;a jQ idudðl ixLHdj 189ls' úl,am idudðl ixLHdj 130ls' úkh

mÍlaIl uOHu fldñiug idudðlhska 108 fokl= f;dard .kq ,eìK' 14jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisjdrfha§ ðhdx ;afiñka" ,S mx" Öhd´ YS" ,s rehsyqjdka ^Li Ruihan&, pq rexð ^Zhu Rongji&, ,shQ yQjdÑx ^Liu Huaging& iy yQ ðka;d´ ^Hu Jintao& hk uy;ajreka foaYmd,k ld¾hdxYfha uOHu ldrl iNdjg f;dard.kq ,eìK' uOHu lñgq m%Odk f,alïjrhd f,i ðhdx ;afiñka uy;d m;aúh' fyf;u uOHu hqo fldñifï iNdm;sjrhd f,io f;aÍm;a úh. úkh mÍlaIK uOHu flduifï f,alïjrhd jQfha fjhs ðhdkaIsx ^Wei Jianxing& uy;dh'

myf<dia jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

1997 iema;eïn¾ 12 isg iema;eïn¾ 18 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hka 2048 úfYaI wdrdê; ksfhdað;hka 60

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 58

m%Odk ld¾hhka w;S;h yd wkd.;h w;r in|;djhla jYfhka jQ Ök m%;sixialrKh yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh iy kùlrK l%shdoduh ms<sn| ;SrKd;aul ld,mßÉfþohl fuu iïfï,kh meje;aúK' 21jeks ishjig wj;SrKjkakg Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh f.dvke.Sfï l¾;jHhka bÈßhg f.khEu i|yd w;aje,a ne| .ekSug ck;dj tla /ia lrùu ms<sn| fuu iïfï,kh jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bis<Sh' th Ök ixj¾Ok b;sydifha bñ lKqjlao úh' fuu iïfï,Jfha§ Ôhdx ;afiañka uy;d 14fjks Ñk fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgqj fjkqfjka jeo.;a jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lf<ah' —21 jeks ishjig msúiSug Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh ia:dms; lsÍu fya;=.; id¾jdldr m%.ukh i|yd jk f;x ishd´msx kHdh ms<sn| uyd m;dlh by<ska Tijd .ksuq˜ hkak tu jd¾;dfõ f;audj úh' tu jd¾;dj b;sydih ms<sn| idrdxYhla" wkd.;h i|yd iQodkïùula úh' tfukau B<. Y;j¾Yh i|yd Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha foaYmd,k m%ldYh yd jev ms<sfj< i|yd fiajh lrk Ök m%;sixialrKh" újD; lsÍu iy kùlrK l%shdoduh i|yd jk Y;j¾Ihla yryd hk ks,am;la o úh' iïfï,kh Ôhdx ;afiañka

uy;df.a tu jd¾;dj iïu; l< w;r wd¾:sl yd foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKh yd ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj<o wkqu; lf<ah' fuyssos ixialD;sl flIa;%h ms<sn|jo wd¾: oelaùu bÈßm;a flßK' t<efnk Y;j¾Ifha m%:u oYlh olajd jk ld,h Ök kùlrK l%shdoduhg ;SrKd;aul jk nj;a u;= oelafjk wdldrhka iïnkaOfhka mßY%uhka oeßh hq;= jk nj;a tu jd¾;dfõ i|yka úh' tu wdldrhka fufiah' ●● wd¾Ól l%uh yd wd¾Ól j¾Ok m%ldrhka uQ,slj mßj¾;kh lsÍu" m%j¾;kh lsÍu" ukd iudcjd§ fj<|m< wd¾Ólhla ia:dms; lsÍu yd tys ;sridr;ajh mj;ajdf.k hEu' ●● t<efUk ishjfia ueo Nd.h jk úg uQ,sl kùlrKh idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd jk Yla;su;a mokula we;sju ms‚i cd;sl wd¾Ólfha YS>% yd ukd ixj¾Okh bgq lSÍu' ●● flakaøSh uQ,O¾u i;r iuÕ ne¢ isàfï mQ¾j fldkafoaish hgf;a foaYmd,k jHqy m%;sixialrKh iuÕ n,.;=j bÈßhg hEu" iudcjd§ m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn| wjldYhka ;j ÿrg;a jHdma; lsÍu" iudcjd§ kS;s l%uh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu" kS;HdKql+,j rg md,kh lr

kS;sfhka md,kh flfrk iudcjd§ rgla njg Ökh m;a lsÍu' ●● u;jdoh yd wdpdrO¾u Yla;su;a lsÍu iy úoHd yd ;dlaIKh fukau wOHdmkhg tys§ m%uqL;dj ie,iSu" úúO ixialD;sl ld¾hhka Okd;aulj ixj¾Okh lsÍu' iïfï,k Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI jHjia:d ixfYdaok o wkqu; lf<ah' mlaIfha ud¾f.damfoaYl u;jdo f,i f;x ishd´msx kHdh ia:dms; l< hq;= hehs úYajdi l< w;r mlaIh" udlaiajdoh yd f,kskajdoh ms<s.kakd njo i|yka úh' Ökh n,j;a m%cd;dka;%sl yd YsIaGdpdrh kùk iudcjd§ rgla njg m;a lsÍu i|yd Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjd§ ud¾.h ;=< Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh" Ök ck;djg kdhl;ajh ,nd§u iy;sl lsßfï iqúYd, yd ¥ro¾Ysh l%shdj,sh ms‚i ud´ fia;=x Ñka;kh yd f;x ishd´msx kHdh udarf.damfoaY f,i .; hq;= njo tys i|yka úh' iïfï,kfha kj uOHu lñgqjg f;aÍ m;a jQ idudðlhkaf.a .Kk 193ls' úl,am idudðlhkaf.a .Kk 151ls' úkh mÍlaIl

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 57

uOHu fldñiug f;aÍ m;a jQ idudðl msßi 115ls' kj uOHu lñgqj jeä uOHu jhia mqoa.,hkaf.ka y ;reK uqyqKq j,ska Yla;su;a ù ;sìK' idudkH idudðl jhi wjqreÿ 55 úh' idudðlhkaf.a wOHdmksl uÜguo by< kexù ;sìK' iuia; idudðl;ajfhka úYaj úoHd, yd Wiia úoHd, wOHdmkh ysñjQjkaf.a m%;sY;h

92'4] ls' th fmr lñgq idudðlhka iuÕ ii|k úg ishhg kjhl jeäùuls' kj uOHu lñgqjg úúO ck j¾.hkag wh;a idudðlhka 38 la we;=,;a ù ;sìK' ldka;d idudðl;ajho 25 olajd jeä úh' 15 jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgq m%:u mQ¾K ieisjdrfhaÈ foaYmd,k ld¾hdxY ia:djr ldrl iNdjg m;a jQfha Ôhdx ;afiañka" ,S mx" pq rexð"

,S rehsyqwdka" yQ ðka;d´ fjhs, ðhdkaIsx yd ,S ,dka Ñka ^Li Langing& hk uy;ajrekah' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI m%Odk f,alïjrhd f,i;a uOHu hqo fldñifï iNdm;sjrhd f,i;a Ôhdx ;afiañka uy;d h<s f;aÍ m;aúh' úkh mÍlaIl uOHu fldñifï f,alïjrhd jYfhka fjhs ðhdkaIsx uy;d h<s;a m;a flßK'

oyih jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

2002 fkdjeïn¾ 8 isg fkdjeïn¾ 14 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hska 2114 úfYaI wdrdê; ksfhdað;hska 40

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 66

m%Odk ld¾hhka iuia; mlaIh f;x ishd´msx kHdh ms<sn| uyd m;dlh by<ska Tijd f.k —;=ka ksfhdaðl;ajh ms<sn| jeo.;a Ñka;kfha mQ¾K f,i wkq.;j" wkd.;h ms<sn| mlaIfha wruqKq bÈßhg f.k f.dia ld,h;a iuÕ .uka lr ish¨ wdldrfhka fmdfydi;a idudcjd§ kùlrKh fõ.j;aa flfrk Ök ,laIK iys; iudcjdoh f.dvkeÕsfï kj ;;a;ajhka ks¾udKh lsÍug oeäj fjfyiSu f;aud lrf.k fuu iïfï,kh meje;aúK'

58 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

iïfï,kfha iudrïNl W;aijfha uq,iqk ,S mx uy;d úiska orK ,§' Ôhdx ;afiañka uy;d" —i¾jdldrfhka fmdfydi;a iudchla f.dvke.Su iy Ök ,laIK iys; iudcjdoh f.dvke.Sfï kj ;;a;ajhla ks¾udKh lsÍu˜ hk f;audj iys; jd¾;dj tys§ bÈßm;a lf<ah' tfukau fuu iïfï,kfha§ 15 jeks Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgqfõ úi¾ck fhdackdj iïu; flßK' mlaI jHjia:dj ixfYdaokh jydu l%shd;aul jk mßÈ iïu; úh'

16jeks Ñk fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu lñgqfõ /iajQ idudðlhkaf.a .Kk 198ls' úl,am idudðlhkaf.a .Kk 158ls' úkh mÍlaIK uOHu fldñiug Pkaofhka f;aÍ m;a jQ idudðlhkaf.a .Kk 121ls' uOHu lñgqq mOdk f,alïjrhd f,i f;aÍm;a jQfha yQ cska;d´ uy;dh'

oyy;a jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,h

2007 Tlaf;dan¾ 15 isg Tlaf;dan¾ 21 olajd

ia:dkh

fnhsðx

ksfhdað; ixLHdj

mQ¾K ksfhdað;hska 2213 úfYaI wdrdê; ksfhdað;hska 57

mlaI idudðl ixLHdj

ñ,shk 73

m%Odk ld¾hhka Ök ,laIK iys; iudcjdoh ms<sn| uyd m;dlh by,ska Tijdf.k f;x ishd´msx kHdh iy ;=ka ksrEmk ud¾f.damfoaYh jYfhka wkq. ukh lr ixj¾Okh ms<sn| úoHd;aul me;slv ;rfha fhdodf.k fkdlvjdu uki ksoyia lrñka m%;sixialrKfha yd újD; m%;am;a;sfha kshe<S úoHd;aul ud¾.fhka ixj¾Okh ¨yqne| f.dia iudc iqix.;Ndjh m%j¾Okh lr ish¨ ldrKd w;ska m%udKj;a

iuDoaêh iys; iudchla f.dvke.Sfï kj ch.%yK i|yd mßY%uh oeÍu hk f;aud iys;j fuu iïfï,kh meje;aúK' iïfï,kfha§ mlaI jHjia:d ixfYdaok wkqu; flßK' úoHd;aul ixj¾Ok ixl,amh fmroeßj" iudc iqix.;Ndjh mdßißl wdrlaIdj kj n,Yla;s ixrlaIK" wd¾Ól jHdmD;shg wu;rj .;a mokï f,i i,lñka jvd;a iïnkaëlrKl ixj¾Okhla m%j¾Okh lsÍfï mlaI wêIaGdkho fuys§ fy<sorõ flßK'

f.jqKq mia jir ;=< mlaI ld¾hhka fuys§ wkqu; úh' uOHu lñgqjg f;dard .ekqKq idudðl ixLHdj 371ls' yQ ðka;d´ uy;d Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI m%Odk f,alïjrhd f,i h<s;a f;aÍ m;aúh'

ufyakaø úfÊ;=x.

indraabey@yahoo.com chinamirrorsl@yahoo.com

We must advance reform and opening up in the right direction, on the right course, and with consistent force, so as to steadily promote reform and opening up in the new era. President Xi Jinping The Governance of China III

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 59

cd;sl iïfï,k .uka u.g fhdaO Yla;shla''' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 19 jeks cd;sl iïfï,kh i¾jdldrj Ökfha iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg n,j;a Yla;shla ,ndÿka nj b;d meyeÈ,s lreKls' wm okakd mßÈ iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x uy;d bÈßm;a l< iudcjdohl wdrïN ù fÊHIaG kdhl f;x ishd´ mska uy;d tla l< Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdohg miqj kj hq.hla i|yd jk Ök iudcjdoh yev .eiaiQ ;SrKd;aul ld,hg iqúfYaI .uka u.la ks¾udKh lf<a Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 19 jeks cd;sl iïfï,khhs' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 18 jeks iïfï,kh jir 5la ;=< rfÜ isÿjQ iudc yd wd¾Ól úm¾hdihg uq,a jQ m%Odk idOlhla f,i ck;djd§ ùu iy ck;dj uq, ;ek ;eîu y÷kajd §ug yelsh' fuuÕska b;sydi.; id¾:l;ajhla w;alr .ekSug Ökhg yelsúh' widudkH ÿIalr;d ;sìK' f,dal wd¾Ól w¾nqo we;s úh' f.da,ShlrKh W.%ùfï ;;a;ajh mek keÕsK' l,dmfha ksrka;r .egqï iy W;aikak jQ le<öï we;súh' tfy;a Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl;ajh m%;sixialrKh újD; Ndjh iy iudcjd§ kùlrKh ms<sn|j w;suy;a

60 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

ch.%yK w;alr.ekSug tä;rjQ wdldrhhka iuia; f,dalhgu wdo¾Y /ila odhdo flßK' fuysÈ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI 18 jeks iïfï,kfha wNsm%dhhka w¾:j;a lsÍu i|yd tu mlaI uOHu ldrl iNdj b;d jeo.;a ;SrK /ila .;a w;r M,odhl ie,iqïo ìysúh' mia wjqreÿ ie,eiau mlaIfha md,kh wdh;k m%;sixúOdkh yd ld¾hd, jHQy ieliSu flfrys fhduqjQ wjOdkhlao lemS fmksk' fuu ld,fha§ Ökh ,enQ w¾Òl id¾:lNdjhka ms<sn|j o fuys,d i|yka lsÍu b;d jeo.;ah' Ökh úiska fuu id¾:lNdjhka w;alr .kq ,enqfõ kj ixj¾Ok ixl,amhlg lemùu ;=<sks' ixj¾Okh i|yd jk ksjerÈ m%fõYhla ;=<ska wd¾Ól j¾Ok jHqyhka fjkilg md;% úh' ixj¾Ok moaO;sh .=Kd;aul fukau M,odhl úh' fuys,d úfYaIfhka lemS fmfkkafka Ökh uOH mßudK wd¾Ól j¾Ok uÜgula ;=< o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h hqjdka á%,shk 54 isg 80 olajd by<g f.k hñka f,dalfha m%Odk wd¾Ól n,j;=ka w;r bÈßhg msúiSuh'

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha fufyh ùfuka Ökh f,dj fojk úYd,;u wd¾Ólh ysñ rg njg m;aúh' tmuKla fkdj f,dal wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd ishhg 30 blaujd hk odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿkafkah' há;, myiqlï" kfjda;amdok" m%jdyk moaO;sh jHdma; úh' lDIs ld¾ñl ixj¾Okho ft;sydisl o;a; jd¾;d lf<ah' jd¾Isl OdkH ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka ñ,shk 600 f;la by< .sfhah' kd.ÍlrK uÜgï fõ.fha jd¾Isl wkqmd;h 1'2] olajd by< .sfhah' ieneúkau fuu iïfï,k ld,h kj ixl,am h:d¾;hka njg m;a lsÍug oeä mßY%uhla oereKq ld,hls' —;Srhla yd udj;la˜ ixl,amh ms<sn| úúO l%shdldrlï f.dvkeÕsK' úfoaY fj<|du" ndysr wdfhdack yd úfoaY úksuh ixÑ;h w;ska f,dj m<uq ;ekg m;aúh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 18 jeks cd;sl iïfï,k ld,h 19 jk cd;sl iïfï,k ld,h ;=< isÿ jQ widudkH ch.%yKhla jQ rfÜ oßø;djh iïmQ¾Kfhkau ;=rka lsÍug Yla;su;a wä;d,ula oeóh'

mßir ys;ldó iNH;ajhla f.dvkeÕsfuys,d o tu iïfï,k ld,fhka ,enqKq .dul Yla;sh lemS fmfkhs'

;SrKd;aul ch.%yKh iq/ lSu iy iuia; jYfhkau kj iudcjd§ Ökhla lrd wefok .uk wdrïN lsÍu isÿúh'

tl rgla l%u folla kue;s uQ, O¾uh úYajikShj yd w¾:j;aj l%shdjg kexùu i|yd Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 18 y 19 jeks iïfï,k ld,hka ;=< isÿjQ fufyjr oeä wjOdkhlgo ,laù ;sfí'

ixj¾Okh ms<sn| kj o¾YKhla fhdod.ekSu iy kùlrK wd¾Ól jHQyhla ia:dmkh lsÍugo tu ld,fha Yla;sh fhoúK' fuuÕska Ök wd¾Ólh iS>% j¾Ok wjia:djl isg .=Kd;aul j¾Ok wjêhla olajd mßj¾;kh lsÍug iu;aúh'

18 jeks iïfï,k ld,h ;=< kj hq.hla i|yd jk Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh f.dvkeÕSu ms‚i iqúYd, fufyjrla bgqúh' fuysÈ i¾j ld¾hhkays§ mlaIfha uÕ fmkaùu iy;sl jQ w;r uyck lafIa;%Sh keUqrejla fjkqfjka oeä lemùula o iksgqyka úh' tfukau i¾jldr mq¿,a m%;sixialrK j, wLKavj fhÈK' ixj¾Okh i|yd jk kj ixl,amhkayS kshe<s‚' ck;d md,kh ;yjqre flreK w;r md,kfha iEu wxYhl§u kS;suh moku ;yjqre flßK' flakaøSh iudcjd§ we.hSu mj;ajdf.k .sh w;ru ixj¾Okh wdY%fhka Ôjk ;;a;ajh kÕd isgqùu iy;sl flßK' udkjhd yd mßirh w;r iyfhda.;djho iy;sl flßK' cd;sl wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka i¾j.%dyS keUqrejla wkq.ukh lsÍuo isÿúh' uyck ikakoaO yuqod úIhfhys mlaIfha iïmQ¾K uÕfmkaùu isÿflßK' fmdÿ udkj brKu ms<sn| ixl,amh f.dvkeÕSug Wkkaÿ lsÍï oel.; yelsúh' ;j;a i|yka l< hq;= jeo.;au ldrKhla jkafka mlaIh ms<sn|j oeä iïmQ¾K md,khla mj;ajd .ekSuh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI 18 jeks cd;sl iïfï,k ld, mßÉfþofha§ ish¨ wxYj,ska mßmQ¾K jQ uOHia: iuDoaêu;a iudchla f.dvkeÕSfï

iemhqï lafIa;% jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK bÈßhg f.k hEu ;=<ska ksIamdok .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexjqKq w;r Wiia ksmehqï ìysúh' úoHdj yd ;dlaIKfha f,dj fmr .ukalrejka ùfï wruqK i|yd;a cd;sl kùlrK moaO;sh ÈhqKqjg m;afldg úoHd yd ;dlaIK Wmdh ud¾.sl Yla;sh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd;a kùlrKh mokï lr.;a ixialD;shla fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd;a we;=¿ úúO wruqKq /ila bgq lr .ekSug Ökh ks¾udmlhkaf.a rgla njg m;alsßfï wêIaGdkh u,am, oeÍfï ;;a;ajhlao oel.; yelsúh' lDIs l¾uh" .%dóh m% foaY yd .%dóh ck;djg wod< .eg¿ úi£u iy Ök wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre lsÍu we;=¿ .%dóh ixj¾Ok flakaøSh fldg.;a .%dóh iðùlrKhg m;alsÍfï l% fudamd wkq.ukh lsÍuo 18 jeks cd;sl iïfï,k ld,fha isÿjQjls' taldnoaO m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok Wmdhud¾. l%shdjg kexùu o lemS fmksK' iudcjd§ fj<|m< wd¾Ól jHQyh j¾Okh lsÍfï jEhu läkï lsÍuo iEu fmr uqKlg újD;Ndjh ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd kj rgdjla ks¾udKh lsÍuo fuu ld,fha§ isÿúh'

rfÜ md,kh ck;dj úiskau isÿ flfrk wdh;k moaO;s jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu iy iudcjd§ m%cd;ka;%jd§ foaYmd,k ixj¾Okhla lrd fhoùuo lemSfmksK' fuys,d jeo.;a jk ldrKd yhlg wjOdkh fhduqúh' 01. mlaI kdhl;ajh" uyck;dj úiska rg md,kh lrkq ,eîu iy ffk;sl md,kh;a w;r tlai;aNdjhla ;nd .ekSu' 02. ck;d md,kh iy;sl ùu ms‚i wdh;ksl j.lSï Yla;su;a lsÍu' 03. iudcjd§ WmfoaYk m%cd;ka;%jdofha jeo.;a N+ñldj fj; wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu' 04. ffk;sl rdcH md,kh Yla;su;a lsÍu' 05. mlaIfha yd rdcH wh;kj, rdcH md,k l%ufõofha m%;sixialrK mq¿,a lsÍu' 06. foaYfm%aó tlai;a fmruqK Yla;su;a lsÍu yd ixj¾Okh lsÍu' ixialD;sh ms<sn| wd;au úYajdifhys fkdie<s isàu yd ixialD;shg Wr§u i|ydo Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI 18 jk cd;sl iïfï,kh ld,fha lghq;= lsÍuo ;j;a lemS fmfkk ,laIKhls' ixialD;sh rfÜ iy cd;sfha Ôjkd,sh nj;a rg fmdaIKh jkafka ixialD;sh fmdaIKh jqjfyd;a muKla nj;a cd;sh Yla;su;a jkafka ixialD;sh Yla;su;a ùfuka muKla nj;a mlaIh úYajdi lrhs' fuu wNsm%dhhka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< ldrKd lsysmhls'

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 61

07. u;jdÈ l¾;jHla i|yd kdhl;ajh ,nd§fuys iaÓrj msysgd isàu'

05. fi!LH iïmkak Ökh i|yd jk Wmdh ud¾. l%shd;aul lsÍu'

08. uQ,sl iudcjd§ jákdlï j¾Okh lsÍu iy tajd wkq. ukh lsÍu'

06. iyfhda.h iyNd.s;ajh yd fmdÿfõ N=ls;sú§u mokï lr.;a iudc md,k wdlD;shla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

09. iodpdrd;aul m%ñ;Ska j¾Okh lsÍu' 10. iudcjd§ idys;H yd l,dj fmdaIKh lsÍu' 11. ixialD;sl jevlghq;= iy ixialD;sl l¾udka; ixj¾Okh j¾Okh lsÍu' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 18 jeks iïfï,k ld,fha§ wjOdkh fhduq jQ l%shd;aul lsÍï ;=<ska ;=kajeks f,dalfha ÈhqKQ fjñka mj;sk rgj,g .; yels wdo¾Yhka fndfydauh' ish iïfï,k ld, iSudj ;=< uyck iqnidOkfha ÈhqKqj jvd;a j¾Okh lsÍu yd iudc md,kh i|yd kj m% fõY Yla;su;a fldg ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd mlaIh l< lemùuo fuys,d lemS fmfkhs' ;ud fiajh lrkafka ljqre i|ydo hkak u; foaYmd,k mlaIhl iy rchl iajNdjh ;srKh jk nj mlaIfha ish¨ fokdu ;rfha isys ;nd .; hq;= nj o i|ykah' my; i|yka ldrKd j,g uyck iqnidOk j¾Ok jEhfï§ wjOdkh fhduqj ;sìK' 01. wOHdmkfha ÈhqKqjg m%uqL;ajh ,nd§u' 02. /lshd ;;a;ajh j¾Okh yd uyck;djf.a wdodhï by< ;eîu' 03. iudcdrlaIl moaO;sh f.dvkeÕSu Yla;su;aa lsÍu' 04. oßø;djhg tfrys igk ch.ekSu' 62 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

07. cd;sl wdrlaIdj ld¾hlaIu f,i iqrlaIs; lsÍu' udkjhd yd fidndjO¾uh iÔú iudchla f.dvkÕk nj;a ñksiqka jYfhka mßirg .re fldg th wdrlaId l< hq;= nj;a iïfï,k jd¾;d fmkajd fohs' mßirys;ldñ YsIaGdpdrhla i|yd jk l%shdodufha m%;sixialrKh fõ.j;a lsÍu iy iqkaor Ökhla f.dvkeÕSu idlaId;a lr .ekSug l< l¾;jHhka lsysmhla fufia i|yka lruq' 01. yß; ixj¾Okh Èßu;a lsÍu' 02. lemS fmfkkakdjq mdßißl .eg¿ úi£u' 03. mdßißl moaO;s wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍu' 04. mdßißl kS;s moaO;s ixfYdaOkhg ,la lsÍu' Yla;su;a hqO yuqodjla f.dvkeÕSfï l%u fõohg wkql+,ùu ms<sn|j;a cd;sldrlaIdj yd yuqod kùlrKh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾Kfhkau bÈßhg fufyhùu ms<sn|j;a 18 jeks cd;sl iïfï,k ld,fha l%shd;aulùï isÿúh' “tl rgla-l%u folla” ixl,amh ;yjqre lsÍu yd ud;DN+ñh h<s tl;= lsÍu i|yd lghq;= lsßuo lemS fmfkhs' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh Ök cd;slhkaf.a iqnidOkh fukau udkj j¾.hdf.a m%.ukh Wfoid

l%shd lrk nj fkdryils' tfukau idu Och Tijd f.k ixj¾Okh iyfhda.s;dj iy wfkHdakH iqnidOkh i|yd lem ùfuka l%shd lrk Ökh f,dal iduh wrlaId lsÍu yd fmdÿ ixj¾Okh ffO¾hu;a lsÍu wruqKq fldg f.k ish uQ,sl úfoaY m%;sm;a;sho ilialrf.k isáhs' tjeks wruqKqo iys;j iduldñ ixj¾Okfha udj; wkq. ukh lrñka udkj ixy;sfha wkd.;h fnod yod .kakd m%cdjla lsÍug Ökh kshe<s isáhs' mQ¾K jYfhka mlaI md,kh oeä lsÍu yd md,kh lsÍug kdhl;ajh Èu i|yd mlaIfha yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu ms‚io Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh kshe<S isáhs' fï hgf;a mlaI wjOdkh l%shd;aul jQ ldrKd lsysmhls' 01. mlaIfha foaYmd,k ieliSug uq,a;ek ,nd§u' 02. kj hq.hla i|yd jk Ök iudcjd§ Ñka;kh uÕska iuia; mlaIh ikakoaO lsÍu' 03. olaI yd jD;a;Sh ks,OdÍ lKavdhï mqyqKq lsÍu' 04. m%d:ñl uÜgfï mlaI ixúOdk Yla;su;a lsÍu' 05. mlaIfha p¾hd j¾Okh lsÍu iy mlaI úkh mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd fkdlvjd l%shd;aul ùu' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 18 jk cd;sl iïfï,kfha ksfhdað;hka iuÕ ii|k úg fmrgq.dó ksIamdokfha nyq;r fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI idudðldjka 19 jk cd;sl iïfï,kfha ksfhdað;hka f,i f;aÍ m;a ù ;sìK' ixLHd f,aLk jd¾;djkag wkqj ksfhdað;hka 771 fofkl= ^iuia;fhka 33'7& fmrgq.dó ksIamdok wxYj,g wh;a jQy' th fmr yd ii|k úg ishhg 3'2l j¾Okhls'

Tjqkaf.ka 198la lïlrejka fyda ixl%u‚l fiajlhka úh' f.dúhka 86ls' jD;a;Sh ;dlaI‚l ks,OdÍka 283ls' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI idudðldjkaf.a iy ckjd¾.sl iq¿;r lKavdhïj, idudðlhkaf.a ksfhdaðkho ms<sfj<ska ishhg 24'1 la yd ishhg 11'5la úh'

08. ñksid yd fidndoyu w;r iu.sh iy;sl lsÍu'

i|yd jk Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh wdrlaId lsÍu fukau j¾Okh lsÍug tu mlaIh ork jEhug mdol jk uQ,sl m%;sm;a;shg wod< ldrKd 14 la i|yka lrñka fuu ,smsh ksudlsÍug woyia lruq'

09. cd;sldrlaIdj i|yd mßmQ¾K m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lsÍu' 10. ck;d n,fõ. flfrys iaÒridrj mlaI kdhl;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu'

01. ish¨ lghq;= i|yd mlaI kdhl;ajh iy;sl lsÍu'

11. —tla rgla-l%u folla˜ kue;s uQ,O¾uh ms<sf.k h<s cd;sl taldnoaO;djh m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

02. ck;dj flakaølr.;a m%fõYhla i|yd lemùu'

iuia; ksfhdað;hkaf.a .Kk 2287ls' 18 jk cd;sl iïfï,khg idfmalaIj .;a l, 19 jk cd;sl iïfï,k ksfhdað;hkaf.a idudkH jhi wjqreÿ 51'8ls' ishhg 70'6 la jhi wjqreÿ 55 g wvq idudðlhka úh'

03. m%;sixialrKh mq¿,a f,i .eUqre lsÍu'

jir 200ka miq fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg tla jQ msßi ms<sn|j i<ld n,k úg mlaI yeÕSu ;reK mrïmrdj flfrys .uka lrk njg fmkS hhs' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI 19 jk cd;sl iïfï,kfha§ kj hq.hla

04. ixj¾Okh i|yd kj oelaula we;slr .ekSu'

12. udkj j¾.hd i|yd yjq,aldÍ wkd.;hla iys; m%cdjla f.dv keÕSu m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

05. ck;dj rg fufyhúh hq;= ùu

13. mlaIh flfrys mQ¾K yd oeä md,khla l%shd;aul lsÍu'

06. md,kfha iEu u;hlau kS;sh u; mokï jQjl nj iy;sl lsÍu'

14. ixj¾Okh ;=,ska cSjk ;;ajhka iy;sl lsrsu iy jeä oshqKq lsÍu'

07. uQ,sl iudcjd§ idrO¾u wdrlaId lsÍu' wreK l=rel=,iQßh

indraabey@yahoo.com chinamirrorsl@yahoo.com

MEMBERS OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE POLITICAL BUREAU OF THE CPC CENTRAL COMMITTEE

Xi Jinping General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission

Li Keqiang

Li Zhanshu

Wang Yang

Wang Huning

Zhao Leji

Han Zheng

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 63

president

Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping, born 15th June 1953, is a ethnic Han from Fuping, Shaanxi Province. He entered the workforce in January 1969 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in January 1974. He graduated from the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at Tsinghua University with a major in Marxist theory and ideological and political education, has an in-service postgraduate education and holds the degree of Doctor of Laws. He is currently general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission, president of the People's Republic of China (PRC), chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission, and president of the Central Party School. 1969-1975- Educated youth and Party Branch secretary, Liangjiahe Brigade, Wen'anyi

64 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

Commune, Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province 1975-1979- Student of basic organic synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University 1979-1982- Secretary, General Office, State Council and Central Military Commission 1982-1983- Deputy Secretary, CPC Zhengding County Committee, Hebei Province 1983-1985- Secretary, CPC Zhengding County Committee, Hebei Province; concurrently first commissar and Party Committee first secretary, Zhengding County Military Affairs Department 1985-1988- Member, Standing Committee, CPC Xiamen Municipal Committee, Fujian Province; and vice mayor, Xiamen 1988-1990 - Secretary, CPC Ningde Prefectural Committee,

Fujian Province; and concurrently first secretary, Party Committee, Ningde Military Sub-region 1990-1993 - Secretary, CPC Fuzhou Municipal Committee, Fujian Province; chairman, Standing Committee, Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress; and concurrently first secretary, Party Committee, Fuzhou Military Sub-region 1993-1995- Member, Standing Committee, CPC Fujian Provincial Committee; secretary, CPC Fuzhou Municipal Committee; chairman, Standing Committee, Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress; first secretary, Party Committee, Fuzhou Military Sub-region 1995-1996- Deputy secretary, CPC Fujian Provincial Committee; secretary, CPC Fuzhou Municipal Committee; chairman, Standing Committee, Fuzhou Municipal People's

Congress; first secretary, Party Committee, Fuzhou Military Sub-region

Command; director, Zhejiang Provincial National Defense Mobilization Committee

1996-1999- Deputy secretary, CPC Fujian Provincial Committee; first commissar, Fujian Provincial Antiaircraft Artillery Reserve Division

2002-2003- Secretary, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee; acting governor, Zhejiang Province; first secretary, Party Committee, Zhejiang Provincial Military Region; deputy director, National Defense Mobilization Committee, Nanjing Military Area Command; director, Zhejiang Provincial National Defense Mobilization Committee

1999-2000 - Deputy secretary, CPC Fujian Provincial Committee; acting governor, Fujian Province; deputy director, National Defense Mobilization Committee, Nanjing Military Area Command; director, Fujian Provincial National Defense Mobilization Committee; first commissar, Fujian Provincial Antiaircraft Artillery Reserve Division 2000-2002 - Deputy secretary, CPC Fujian Provincial Committee; governor, Fujian Province; deputy director, National Defense Mobilization Committee, Nanjing Military Area Command; director, Fujian Provincial National Defense Mobilization Committee; first commissar, Fujian Provincial Antiaircraft Artillery Reserve Division (1998-2002: studied Marxist theory and ideological and political education in the In-service Postgraduate Class at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at Tsinghua University, and awarded the degree of Doctor of Laws) 2002-2002- Deputy secretary, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee; acting governor, Zhejiang Province; deputy director, National Defense Mobilization Committee, Nanjing Military Area

2003-2007 - Secretary, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee; chairman, Standing Committee, Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress; first secretary, Party Committee, Zhejiang Provincial Military Region 2007-2007- Secretary, CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee; first secretary, Party Committee, Shanghai Garrison Command 2007-2008 - Member, Standing Committee, Political Bureau; and member, Secretariat; of the CPC Central Committee; president, Central Party School 2008-2010- Member, Standing Committee, Political Bureau; and member, Secretariat; of the CPC Central Committee; vice president, PRC; president, Central Party School 2010-2012- Member, Standing Committee, Political Bureau; and member, Secretariat; of the CPC Central Committee; vice president, PRC; vice chairman, CPC and PRC Central Military Commission; president, Central Party School

2012- General secretary, CPC Central Committee; chairman, CPC Central Military Commission; vice president, PRC; vice chairman, PRC Central Military Commission; president, Central Party School Xi was elected President of the People's Republic of China on 14 March 2013, in a confirmation vote by the 12th National People's Congress in Beijing. Alternate member, Fifteenth CPC Central Committee; member, Sixteenth through Eighteenth CPC Central Committees; member, Political Bureau and its Standing Committee, and Secretariat, Seventeenth CPC Central Committee; member, Political Bureau and its Standing Committee, and general secretary, Eighteenth CPC Central Committee; elected as vice president of the PRC at the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress (NPC); appointed as a vice chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth CPC Central Committee; appointed as a vice chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission at the Seventeenth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh NPC; appointed as chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission at the First Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee.

Rasanga Harishchandra

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 65

Policy Direction of Communist Party of China on Silk-Road Tourism and Best Practices on Tourism Development in Sri Lanka Introduction The Communist Party of China (CPC) established in 1921 was started its politico-socio economic revolutionary contribution for the development of People's Republic of China (PRC) with the initiated principle of “Democratic Centralism” in line with the philosophical framework provided by Russian Marxist theoretician, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, known as Lenin. The main mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is to implement its given responsibilities to convert China into a great modern socialist country by achieving common prosperity while

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ensuring the protection of humankind all over the world through the world peace and human development. According to the party constitution and its pragmatic evolvement, the CPC has been enriched with Marxism– Leninism, Mao Zedong Thoughts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Ideology the Scientific Outlook on Development in 2007 which

has incorporated scientific socialism, sustainable development, social welfare, a humanistic society, increased democracy, and the creation of a Socialist Harmonious Society with the pragmatic vision and thoughts of Xi Jinping with his great leadership being the current president of People’s Republic of China. A new era has been started to not only the CPC but also to the development of People's Republic of China (PRC) with the initiated Xi Jinping’s new thoughts with “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”. A very pragmatic set of policies and ideas have been derived since when the writings and speeches done by Mr. Xi Jinping as Chinese Communist

Party General Secretary. More specifically, the first official mention was at the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and afterward the incorporation of these thoughts into Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party.

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) According to Xi Jinping Thoughts and vision, fourteen key points of his basic policy framework can be depicted from below circle diagram:

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been designed as the cornerstone foreign policy of the Communist Party of China headed by the current General Secretary and President of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Xi Jinping. The concept of BRI has been ceremoniously announced in September 2013 during the official visit of Mr. Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan. Furthermore, the BRI was included into the Communist Party’s constitution at its 19th National Congress in October 2017. At the moment of celebrating the 100 anniversaries of CPC, the

president of People’s Republic of China, Mr. Xi Jinping has introduced Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), formally known in English as One Belt One Road (OBOR). At present, the BRI has become very popular and one of the most demanded global projects. It could successfully design a well-integrated global development plan connecting all subregions of Asia and the rest of the world. According to official information, in March 2020, 138 countries and 29 international organizations had signed cooperation agreements for the BRI. This is China’s most ambitious foreign trade and investment project in global economy at present (https://green-bri.org/belt-androad-initiative-quick-info/). The BRI is comprised of two major components: Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) and the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB). It has colossal and vast collection of development and investment initiatives for creating a new era of trade and growth for economies in Asia and beyond. The BRI expects to create nearly US$ 4 trillion investment as an initial step. Furthermore, the BRI is to achieve Five Major Priority Objectives: (1) Policy Coordination, (2) Facilities Connectivity, (3) Unimpeded Trade, (4) Financial Integration and (5) People-To-People Bonds ensuring the use of participating countries’ unique resource advantages through multilateral mechanisms and

multilevel platforms (https:// www.beltandroad.news/beltand-road-basics/). The BRI Action Plan has been designed centering on the Thousands of Years Deep-Rooted Great Silk Road Spirit and its basic values/ ideologies: (1) Peace and Cooperation, (2) Openness and Inclusiveness, (3) Mutual Learning and (4) Mutual Benefit. Therefore, the contribution of BRI expects the development of human civilization and human’s prosperity generation to generation through the application of the Silk Road Sprit and its great values. Sustainable Development and Debt Sustainability: “Learning by Doing” A great concern on environmental impact of infrastructure and trade development facilities has been created by the recent projects of BRI making them as “Green and Sustainable” projects at micro and macro aspects. In 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has initiated the BRI International Green Development Coalition (BRIGC) under its five main goals or priority objectives (https:// green-bri.org/belt-and-roadinitiative-quick-info/). With its ten working groups, the BRIGC aims to support green development in regards to Green Finance; Green Transport, Green Innovation, Green Urbanization and Green Standards.

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 67

Gradual development process by “Learning by Doing” through the experiences obtained from the successful implementation of BRI, the concepts of “Sustainable Development” and “Debt Sustainability” have started to practice with the progress of BRI in different parts of the world.

Open-Door Policy with Promotion of Chinese Tourism Introducing the Regulated Open-Door Policy in China under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership (1978-1997) with an “Evolutionary and Pragmatic Socialism” has transited tourism as a very important economic activity and has been recognized as a multifunctional strategic industry and greatly instrumental for foreign exchange earnings.

Making People-Centric Domestic Tourism and Red Tourism In 2021 Chinese President, Mr. Xi jinping has announced “Red Tourism” to celebrate 100 years of Communist Party of China (CPC). "Red Tourism" is a specific term that refers to Chinese people travelling internally throughout China to visit more specifically historic sights relating to the rise of Communism in China focusing people centric tourism development.

Silk Road Tourism and Heritage Corridors According to the UNWTO, the Silk Road, commonly

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known as the first global trade route in history, had a scope and importance far greater than the simple exchange of goods. Indeed, the myriad of interconnected routes served as a vehicle for the fruitful exchange of arts, religion, cultures, ideas and technology. It symbolized the multiple benefits arising from cultural exchange (https://www.unwto. org/silk-road). Nearly 500 sites of world cultural and natural heritage are located along the Silk Road. Such Heritage Corridors belong to the silk road must be well identified and promoted in Silk Road Tourism to offer economic benefits to local communities and cross-cultural exchange (UNESCO). According to the Secretary-General, UNWTO, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Tourism provides favorable opportunities to promote sustainable and competitive tourism (https:// www.e-unwto.org/doi df/10.18111/9789284418749).

Beyond the Silk Road Tourism: New Leadership for Global Tourism At present, China is the Highest Outbound Tourist Generator in global tourism. It could generate more than 155 million of tourists to the world in 2019, Furthermore, China remains as the World’s Largest Spender in global tourism by creating nearly US $ 280 in 2019. As a result, China creates one fifth of international tourism spending. Furthermore, China is the 4th Highest inbound tourist arrival destination in

the world. It could attract more than 63 million of tourist arrivals in 2019 and becomes the 10th highest tourist income earner of global tourism by generating nearly US $ billion 40.

Promotion of Silk Road Tourism: Be Strategic and Smart Sri Lanka and China relations have been developed in a robust growth with profound friendship through their historical, cultural and economic bonds. Such strengthened diplomatic relationship and peoplepeople strong friendships, exponentially growing, should be capitalized to exploit the rapidly growing Chinese outbound tourism through the emerging Silk-Road Tourism. At the same time, lessons learned from the best practices in tourism development in China as being one of most demanding tourist destinations in global tourism must be very instrumental for the development of Sri Lanka Tourism. Therefore, two important sections are briefly highlighted as the concluding remark of this article: •

Lesson Learned from Chinese Tourism Policy Measures and Development Strategies for the Development of Sri Lanka Tourism

•

Effective Strategic Actions for Capitalizing the Growing Benefits of Silk Road Tourism for Development of Sri Lanka Tourism

1. Lesson Learned from Chinese Tourism Policy Measures and Development Strategies for Development of Sri Lanka Tourism: a). Promotion of Domestic Tourism China has promoted its domestic tourism under the theme of Red Tourism. It has been more people centric and cultural heritage oriented tourism. As Sri Lanka Tourism is currently suffering due to COVID Pandemic and consequent lack of international tourist arrivals it would be advisable to promote domestic tourism along with the lessons learnable from Chinese Red Tourism or national tourism promotion. b). Relying on Strong Domestic Economy Introducing the Regulated Open-Door Policy in China in 1978 was carried after the successful and gradual economic development with the right protection and resilience building of Chinese economy through the wellfocused policy direction and guidelines of the CPC and Deng Xiaoping’s leadership (1978-1997), called as “Evolutionary and Pragmatic Socialism”. At this critical juncture, it is the great need of hour of Sri Lanka to create such strong political vision and development-driven movement focusing to build the common prosperity of the nation.

●● Therefore, the promotion of Sri Lanka tourism must be focused to (1) Local Resource-Driven (2) Higher Value Added (3) High Income Generated (4) Fairly Distributed Benefits (5) People-Centric and (6) Integrated Sustainable Tourism Development. ●● Macro-economic policies should be conducive for domestic and international tourism development in Sri Lanka. In this context, as policy implementation carried out by China for its national tourism development, Sri Lanka should keep special attention on following aspects for domestic tourism development: ●● Sufficient resource allocation for domestic tourism ●● Better environment for domestic tourism ●● Improved infrastructure facilities for domestic tourism ●● Development of innovative tourism services and products ●● Creation of attractive tourist activities ●● Well-developed public services for domestic tourism through PublicPrivate and People Partnership (PPPP) ●● Enhanced service quality in domestic tourism

●● Create a strong value chain and fair distribution of tourism benefits combining the SME and community sector of tourism industry ●● Maintaining industry operational disciplines and right code of ethics among key stakeholders of tourism industry. 2. Effective Strategic Actions for Capitalizing the Growing Benefits of Silk Road Tourism Absolutely, Sri Lanka has a huge potential to create it as an attractive destination for Silk Route Tourism. Promotion of Silk Road Tourism can be a “Strategic Economic Benefits Generating Gate”. It can attract both Chinese tourists and Chinese investments as well. Such Chinese investments should be integrated with ongoing or potential mega projects in Sri Lanka. These projects can be based on not only tourism industry of the country but also for the other sectors of Sri Lankan economy. Currently, China is the second highest tourist generating country to Sri Lanka. It has been recognized that the following factors are greatly decisive when promoting Silk Road Tourism in Sri Lanka: a). Make sure that provision of Five “A”s in Silk Road Tourism Supply are properly addressed implemented by the policy and decision makers of Sri Lanka Tourism.

China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 69

●● Accessibility: Suitable roads, air and other transport modes in Silk Road Tourism ●● Accommodation: Different types of attractive accommodation in Silk Road Tourism ●● Amenities: Necessary facilities from government for Silk Road Tourism ●● Attractions: Identification and development of Silk Activities: Development of different types of specialized activities for Silk Road

Tourism b). Develop and strengthen the required industry networks with international and national service providers including tour operators, travel agencies, airlines and other service providers c). Introduce new training and awareness programmes to empower the prospective employees in hotel & accommodation and travel agencies etc, tour guides, souvenir producers so on and community members as well

d). Conduct evidenced-based research studies to design and develop specific demand driven tourism products and services for the attraction of Silk Road Tourism in Sri Lanka

Prof. DAC Suranga Silva

Ms. Reshika Udeshani

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伟大的中国共产党

The Communist Party of China is like a war horse,

就像一匹战马，

which has been galloping on the journey since the day she was

从她出生那天起，

born.

一直在征途上奔腾。她走过了两万五千里长征，打败了日本侵略军，战胜了国民党，建立了新中国。今天，她昂首挺胸，

She went through the long march of 25000 Li, defeated the Japanese invading army, defeated the Kuomintang, and established new China. Today, she holds her head high and continues to run. She wants to lead the Chinese people to realize the Chinese dream. She wants to achieve world peace with peace loving countries in the world.

继续奔腾，她要带领中国人民，实现中国梦。她要和全世界爱好和平的国家一起，实现世界和平。

Zhao Dingcheng

Secretary General-Overseas Chinese Association in Sri Lanka

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Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh" uu iy fYkafpka 2021 cQ,s 1 Èkg Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 100 jk ixj;airh fhfoa' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh msysgqjqfha 1921 §h' tjlg isá idudðl ixLHdj 60lg wvq .KklS' oeka tu idudðl ixLHdj ñ,shk 97ls' fldaá 140l ck.ykhla iys; iqúYd, Ökhg kdhl;ajh ,ndfok Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg Ökfha iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh f,dj by<u uÜgul Tijd ;eîug yelsúh' wd¾Ól Yla;sh iy o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h w;ska f,dalfha fojk ia:dkh ysñjkafka Ökhgh' oYl .Kkdjl oeä fjfyi uykaisfhka jev l< Ök ck;djg iuDoaêfha uÕ fmkajd ÿkafka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhhs' fï jk úg Ökfha ñ,shk 600l ck;djla È<s÷ nfjka uqojd .ekSug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh iu;a ù ;s‍fí' wm ck;dj ;jÿrg;a ÿmam;=ka fkdfõ' óg jir 48lg fmr tkï, 1973 wf.daia;= udifha§ 72 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

uu Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha idudðl;ajh ,nd .;af;ñ' ud isxy, NdIdj yeoErefõ fnhsðx úfoaY NdId úYaj úoHd,fhks' 1978 isg 1980 olajd Y%S ,xldfõ le<‚h úYaj úoHd,fha§ uu jeäÿr wOHdmkh ,nd.;af;ñ' wk;=rej Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sf ‍ ha isxy, wxYhg tla jQ uu isxy, fiajfha ksfõok yd mßj¾;k lghq;= j, ksr; jqfhñ' uu;a uf.a mjqf,a ish¨‍ fok;a wfma Ôú; ld,h mqrdu Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI kdhl;ajh hgf;a Ôj;a jqfKuq' wfma iudcfhaÈ wmg iduh ia:djr;ajh iy i;=g ieneúkau oefka' wmg m%udKj;a wdydr iy w÷ï me<÷ï ;sfnk w;r wms iqj myiq iy iuDoaêu;a Ôú;hla .; lruq' uf.a mshd iy uf.a ifydaor ifydaoßhka y;r fokdu Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg ne÷fKa oeä Wkkaÿfjks' wms i;r fokdgu wfmau ksjdi iy fudag¾ r: ;sfnk w;r iEu mjq,lgu

ksjdi tllg jvd ;sfí' wfma orejka ish,a,u mdi,a wOHdmkh ,nd ;sfí' wfma iuyr orejka úfoaY.;j wOHdmkh yodr;s' ifydaorhka fofofkl=f.ka iy ifydaoßhka fofofkl=f. ka iukaú; wfma mjq, Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI kdhl;ajh hgf;a ;sfnk Ök iudcfha idudkH mjq,lS' wms iefjdu oeka m%S;sfhka Ôú;h .; lrka‍fkuq' wms oeka ol=Kq Ökfha .=jkafpdõ iy fYkafpka k.r j, úisÍ isáuq' tys mßirh yd ld,.=Kh Y%S ,xldjg iudkh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh yd fYkafpka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh iy f;x ishd´msx úiska fhdackd lrk ,o m%;sixialrK yd újD; lsÍ‍fï m%;sm;a;sh wdrïN jQfha 1979 §h' Ökfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh t;eka isg wdrïN úh' j¾;udkfha§ ud Ôj;a jk fYkafpka k.rh iS>% ixj¾Okhl mj;S'

miq.sh jir 40 la ;=< Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh úiska fu‍fhjk ,o wd¾Ól j¾Okhg jvd;au id¾:l WodyrKh f ‍ Ykafpka k.rhhs' 1980 § fYkaf ‍ pka hkq ,laIhl muK ck.ykhla issá l=vd ëjr .ïudkhls' fYkafpka oeka Ökfha ;=kajeks úYd,;u k.rhhs' tys jd¾Isl o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk 430ls' th fnhsðx yd yexyhs k.rj,g miq f;jeks ;ek isáhs' fYka‍fpka j¾. lsf,da ógr 1950la ysñ k.rhlS' ck.ykh ñ,shk 14ls' tal mqoa., ksIamdok jákdlu tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ 30"000ls' fYkafpka Ökfha wê ;dlaIK uOHia:dk k.rhhs' tys ‍f,dalfha yd Ökfha m%lg wê ;dlaIK jHjidhlhka ‍fndfydauhla o msysgd ;sfí' f,dj 5G ;dlaIKfha m%uqLhd jk Huawei, Wechat uQ,ia:dkh jk Tencent, f,dal fv%dak ;dlaIK fhdaOhd jk Dajiang, f,dal m%lg ikaks‍fõok iud.ula jk ZTE, f,dj Wiia f,ai¾ ksIamdok iud.ula jk Dazu Laser iy f,dalfha úYd,;u n,dyqï iud.u jk Zhongji iuQyh ia:dk.;j isáka‍fkao ‍fYkafpka k.rfhah' Ökfha ‍fldgia yqjudre fj<|m<

foflka tlla jk fYkaf ‍ pka yqjudrej msysgd we;af;ao fYkafpka k.rfhah' j¾;udkfha ,ehsia;=.; iud.ï 2000la fuys ;s‍fí' Ökfha úYd,;u nyd¨‍ï m¾hka;ho fuu k.rh i;=h' wd¾Ól" wê;dlaIK yd uQ,H wxYj,g wu;rj ‍fYkafpka iuia; Ökfha fukau tys jeishkaf.a Ôú;fhao m%uqL ia:dkhla ysñlrf.k isáhs' WodyrKhla f,i r‍fÜ fukau f,dalfhao úYd,;u mß.Kl iy cx.u ÿrl;k Wmdx. fj<| uOHia:dkh y÷kajd §ug yelsh' fYkafpka isg iEu ÈYdjlgu wêfõ.S ud¾. cd,hla úysfohs' fYkafpka ‍fndlafla isg fydxfldx olajd uqyqÿ yria md,ulao we;' tys Wux ÿïßh ud¾. 11l ÿr m%udKh lsf,da ógr 410ls' jhi wjqreÿ 60 blaujQ fYkafpka jeishkag yd tys meñ‍‍‍fKk mqoa.,hkag niar: yd Wux ÿïßh .uka fkdñf,au ysñf ‍ õ' tu mqoa.,hkag tys ish¨‍ WoHdk fkdñf,a kerôh yelsh' jir 40la jeks flá ld,hla ;=< fujeks iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhla fYkafpka k.rhg w;am;alr.; yelsjQfha ^Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI kdhl;ajh hgf;a&

m%Odk jYfhka m%;sixialrK yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu;a ngysr rgj, wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha jákd w;aoelSï iqmßlaIdldßj wOHhkh lsÍu;a ‍fya;=f ‍ jks' uu Y%S ,dxlsl ñ;=rkago Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ms<sn|j fndfyda ‍‍ úia;r mjid we;af;ñ' Tjqyq ,S msxiskaf.a ,smshg tla lsÍug Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI Ök ixj¾Okh l< wdldrh oek .ekSug fnfyúka W;aiql jQy' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfhka Y%S ,xldjg f ‍ ndfyda oE bf.k .; yels nj Tjqyq ug mejiQy' ud iuÕ idlÉPdj l< Y%S ,xld‍fõ rdcH kdhlhkao iuÕ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh m%ixYdjg ,lal< nj fuys,d igyka lrkq leue;a‍‍f;ñ'

,S msxika

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IS ðkamsx ckdêm;sjrhd Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha .ukg fhdaO Yla;shla ,ndÿkakd ysgmq wud;H" md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S ffjoH rdð; fiakdr;ak uy;d iuÕ bkaødkkao wfífialr úiska isÿlrk ,o idlÉPdj wm ix.ufha .uka uÕg Yla;shla foñka Tn;=ud Ökfha ixj¾Okh yd ÖkfldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl;ajh ck;djd§ jk wkaou jßka jr wm iuÕ idlÉPd l<d'wo Tn;=ud iuÕ l;d lrkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;=jkafka iqúfYaIs ldrKhla ms<sn|j' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 100 jeks ixj;airh cQ,s ui m<uqjeks Èkg fhfokjd' úYaj úoHd, YsIHfhl= f,i isáh§ Tng Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ms<sn|j ;snQ yeÕSu .ek uq<skau oek.kakg leu;shs' úYaj úoHd, iufha uu iuia; úYaj úoHd, YsIH jHdmdr moaO;shg iïnkaO jqKd YsIH l%shdldßlfhla yeáhg' tjlg wka;¾ úYaj úoHd, n, uKav,fha m%Odk f,alïjrhd f,i lghq;= l<d' ffjoH mSGfha YsIHfhl= yeáhg uu ;uhs m%:u j;djg tu YsIH jHdmdrhg iïnkaO ù jvd;a Wkkaÿfjka lghq;= lf<a' uu ta wjêfha jvd;a lsfhõfõ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ms<sn|

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fmd;m;hs' udlaiajdoh" reishdkq úma,jh" bkaÿ-Ökh yryd yud .sh úma,jd§ /,a, .ek fyd¢ka yeoErejd' úhÜkduh" ,d´ih" ldïfndach jeks iudcjd§ rdcHhka ìysfjñka fjkialï / ila we;sjqKd' we;a;gu tod ug ys;=fka fï úma,jh isÿjqfKa wfma rfÜ lsh,d' ta ;rug yeÕSïnrj ud ysáhd' fmardfo‚h úYaj úoHd,fha isáh§ uu ud´ jdÈfhla' we;a;gu fï rgg WÑ; iudcjdoh f,i ud ÿgqfõ ud´ iudcjdoh' uu ud´ fia;=xf.a m;fmd; fyd¢ka m%.=K l<d' tys b;sydih iEfyk ÿrg lshjd ;sfhkjd' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha tod iqúfYaIs jQ ldrKhla uu lshkakg leu;shs' ud´ ifydaorhd ish foaYh fjkqfjka l< uy lemùu ksid ;uhs Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg ksjerÈ udj;l .uka l< yels jqfKa' mlaIfha ;=kajeks iïfï,kh mj;sk ld,h jk

úg ud´ mjqf,a nyq;rhg Ñhdx ldhsfYlaf.a lDDr ysxidjg md;% jkakg isÿjqKd' tu ;=kajeks iïfï,khg fhdackdjla bÈßm;a jqKd' cmdk wêrdcHjdohg tfrysj igka lsÍu;a iuÕ Ñhdx ldhsfYlag;a úreoaOj igka l%shd;aul l< hq;= njg' ;ukaf.a mjq,g Ñhdx ldhsfYlajd§kaf. ka fl;rï ysxid - mSvd isÿjQj;a ud´ tu woyig tlÕjqfKa keye' ud´ taod weiqjd" —wms fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ìyslf<a l=ula i|ydo@ wms fï mlaIh ìys lf<a ud;DN+ñfha ksoyi i|yd' wfma m<uq jeks ldrKh ud;D N+ñfha ksoyi' Ñhdx ldhsfYlaf.ka cmdk wërdcHhg tfrysj fjk;a l|jqrl isg igka jÈk nj tod Tyq lSjd' ;ju;a Tyq foaYfma%ñfhla" wêrdcH úfrdaêfhla' wfma m%Odk i;=rd cmdk wêrdcHh' ta ksid tu wêrdcHhg tfrysj igka lrk fjk;a fmruqKlg úreoaOj wm igka l< hq;= keye'˜ tod ta fhdackdjg ud´

oelajQ yeÕSfuka Tyqf.a ¥ro¾YS kdhl;ajh ms<sìUq jqKdhehs ug isf;kjd' f,dalfha úYd,;u rdcHhg úYd,;u ck.ykhlg kdhl;ajh foñka r;= yuqodj ìys lr,d È.= md .ufka keÕsàï yd miqneiSï u;ska ;ukaf.a yuqodj i;=rkaf.ka oyia .Kkska ñh hoa§ h<s h<s keÕsg wjidkfha§ cmdk wêrdcHhka mrdch lr,d Ñhdx ldhsfYlaf.a m%;s.dó yuqod mrdch lr,d uq¿ uy;a Ök N+ñhu ksoyia lr .;a;d' thska ;dhsjdk m<d; .ek m%YaKh ;snqK;a th fY%aIaG wr.,hla' tu igk w;súYsIagh' ug u;lhs" ud´ fia;=xf.a jhia.; ld,fha Tyq yuqjkakg wdjd c¾udkQ pdkai,¾jrhd fy,anÜ iañ;a' tu yuqùfuka miqj msg;g meñ‚ iañ;a fufyu lSjd' —ud´ fia;=x uyd úYauh ckl mqoa.,fhla' Tyq jhia.; ;;a;ajfha isáñka ug úkdä 40la muK fya.,ajdoh .ek lshd ÿkakd' ir<j lsõfjd;a Tyq lSjd T¨fjka isgf.k isá fya.,aj uu ll=,a foflka ysfgõjd ú;rhs lshd”' udlaiajdohg mokï jQ fya.,ajdoh .ek Tyq fndfyda l;d l<d jfhdajDo jqK;a' Tyqf.a uki ;SlaIKhs' r;= yuqodfõ úma,jh b;sydi .;hs' oeä lemùï iys; Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ish kHdhkaj, ;rfhau t<U isáhd' kHdh m%dfhda.slj l%shd;aul lr,d ta kHdhhka ;=<ska ;ukaf.a ud;DN+ñfha ksoyi we;s lr,d" bka miqj hï ld, mrdihla ;=< úúO kdhlhkaf.a foaY fm%aó;ajh w¾;j;a fj,d woyd.; fkdyels iudc yd ixj¾Ok b,lal imqrd.;a mlaIhla ;uhs wo mlaIfha ishjeks ixj;airh iurkafka'

iuia; f,dalhgu wdo¾Yj;a mlaIhla ;uhs Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh' ´kEu rgla fuu mlaIh .ek yeoErefjd;a th b;du;a M,odhl fohla lshd ug ysf;kjd'

;sfnkjd'uu yeu úgu uf.a oekqu ta;ekaj,§ úYaf,aYkh lrkakg W;aidy .kakjd' ux ys;kafka foaYmd,k{hska wdo¾Y .; hq;= ;eka j,ska wdo¾Y .; hq;=hs '

Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh .ek l;d lsÍfka uola neyer ù Tnf. ka m%Yakhla wikakg isf;kjd' Tn;=ud wm ix.ufha we;eï ksfhdað; msßia i|yd kdhl;ajh foñka Ökfha ixpdrh l<d' tys we;eï ia:dkj,§ Ök ñ;%hka lS ldrKhla u;la lrkakg leu;shs' Tn;=udg u;l we;s wm ix.ufha ksfhdað; msßila iuÕ Ökfha cshdkaiQ m<df;a jeo.;a ia:dk follg .shd'tlla ¨Ydkaa l÷lrfha Ök fldñhqksiaÜmlaIfha mlaI kdhl /iaùula mej;s f.dvkeÕs,s ixlS¾Kh' wfkl kkapdka ys msysá wf.daia;= m<uqfjksod ke.S isàu jHdmdrh wdrïNl ia:dkh'

Tn i|yka l< ¨Ydkaa iïfï,kh (Lushan Conference) meje;ajQfha 1959 cQ,s yd wf.daia;= udi w;r Èk lsysmhla' Bg fldñhqksiaÜmlaI kdhlhka fndfyduhla iyNd.s jqKd'ta wdikakfhau ;uhs Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 08 jeks uOHu lñgq 8 jeks mQ¾K ieisjdrh meje;ajqfKa'˜uyd bÈß msïu˜ (Over Leap Forward) tys§ idlÉPd flreKq m%Odk ldrKhla jqKd'¨Ydkaa idlÉPd j,g iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x iyNd.s jqKd'ta ú;rla fkfjhs" ;j;a jeo.;a /iaùï lsySmhla 1961 § yd 1970 oS tys meje;ajqKd'

tu ia:dk fofla§u Ök ñ;%hka lSfõ fjk;a foaYmd,k mqoa.,hka fï ia:dk oeln,d .kakg meñ‚ miq blaukska msgj hk kuq;a Tn;=udj tu ia:dk j,ska msg lr .kakg iEfyk fj,djla .; fjk nj' ta jf.au Tn;=ud fkdkj;ajdu m%Yak wik nj' Tõ' ta jf.a ;ekaj,g .syska úia;r álla n,,d wdmiq tkjd kï tys w¾:hla keye'Tn oeka fï i|yka l< ia:dk fol .eku ud tys hEug fmr lshjd

f.dvkeÕs,s ixlS¾Kfha Ÿdkaa wkqiaurK Yd,dj" Ÿdkaa ukaÈrh" Ÿdkaa iïfï,k ia:dkh wms kerUqjd'l=fjdañx;dka md¾Yjhg;a tod tys iïnkaOhla ;snqKd' Ñhdx ldhsfYla tys bÈlsÍï j,g ióm jQ ksid' Tng u;lo tu iïfï,k Yd,dj tys wNHka;rh tod iïfï,kh mej;s f,iu tf,iu mj;ajdf.k f.dia ;snqKd' ksfhdað;hka wiqka.;a ia:dk tu fïi u; tu ksfhdað;hkaf.a kdumqjre tf,iu ;snqKd' tal

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;uhs Ökh foaYmd,k mlaI jákdlu' wfkl Tjqka fï fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uyd kdhlhka fl;rï isysm;a lrkjdo@ tys m%o¾Yk Yd,dfõ ud´ fia;=x" fpdõ tka,dhs" ,shq Yd´Ö" pQ f;a" f;x ishd´ msx jf.au mx ;yqhsjeks úma,jjd§ka ms<sn| f;dr;=re ;snqKd' ta jf.au kkapdka k.rfha msysá wf.daia;= m<uqjeksod kkapdka keÕSisàfï iaudrlh ia:dkh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh fuu keÕSisàug kdhl;ajh ÿkafka o 1927 wf.daia;= m<uq jeksodhs' wms tys Ök yd ngysr .Dy ks¾udK ,laIK j,ska hq;= f.dvke.s,af,a m%o¾Yk Yd,d kerUqjd' fuu keÕSisàug kdhl;ajh ÿka fpdõ tka,dhs we;=¿ kdhlhka tys kej;S isg fuu keÕSisàu ixúOdkh l<d' l,ska th fydag,hla' fï ia:dkh Ök úma,jh jeo.;a ;ekla' úma,jh ixúOdkh flreKq ia:dk /ila tys ;snqKd' ud b;d Wkkaÿfjka fï ia:dkh kerUqfõ" ta jf.au m%Yak weiqfõ" Ök úma,jhg wod< f;dr;=re oek .ekSughs' fpdõ tka,dhs" fha ;sx" pQ f;a" ,shQ fndafpx we;=¿ kdhlhkaf.a ixúOdk Yla;sfhka Ök úma,ùh hqoaOh wdrïN flreKq ;ek fuhhs' Ök lïlre yd f.dú r;= yuqodfõ wdrïNh;a isÿ jqfKa fu;ek§' Tõ' wms ish¨ fokdu Tn;=udf.a

76 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

Wkkaÿj" l=;=y,h yd úu¾Ykh fï ;ekaj,§ ÿgqj;a ;jÿrg;a Tn;=udf.kA weiqfjd;a fï úma,jfha Ôj.=Kh iy ixialD;sl jákdlu iïnkaO lrñka hula lshkakg yels o lshd' we;a;gu Ökfha ixialD;sh wmg b;d iómhs lshd ug ysf;kjd' Ökfha isÿ jQ fï úma,ùh mßj¾;kh wfma wdishdkq rgj,g b;d lsÜgqhs' ta jf.au jf.a u wdo¾Yhla' Ökfha fï fjki ú;rla fkfjhs" ud;DN+ñh ksoyia lr .ekSu ú;rla fkfjhs" t;ekska miqj Ökfha isÿjQ ixj¾Ok úma,jh;a uu È.gu wOHkh l<d' fidaúhÜ ix.uh ì|jeàu" kef.kysr hqfrdamfhau fldñhqksiaÜ oelau úhelS hkúg Ökh yd ;odikak rgj,a lÈu wdo¾Yhla ÿkakd' fldñhqksiaÜ O¾uh wfmalaId lr.ksñka ;uka meñ‚ iudcjd§ .uk bÈßhg f.khEfï l%uh ms<sn|j wdo¾Yhla ÿkakd' Tn;=udg ysf;kafka keoao fï wdo¾Yhka weiqfrka Y%S ,dxlsl foaYmd,k{fhla yeáhg hula lrkakg m%fõYhla .kakg ´kE lshd' Ökh f,dalhg hï l%ufõohla fmkajd ÿkakd' iudcjdoh wdrlaId lrf.k ksoyia wd¾Ólh ÈhqKq lrf.k ck;djg mqoa.,sl ksoyi ,nd foñka bÈßhg .ukla hEu ms<sn|jhs Ökh wjOdkh fhduq lf<a' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh

foaYmd,k jHqyh fjkia lf<a keye' tu jHqyh fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI kdhl;ajh hgf;au wd¾Ólh ksoyia l<d' fuys§ úfYaIfhkau f;x ishd´ msx.ek u;la lrkakg wjYHhs' Tyqf.a ixl,am ;=<ska m%;sixialrK yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh" ixúOdkd;aul iudcjdoh wdrlaId lr.ksñka úfoaYhkag újD; jqKd' ud is;kafka Ökh újD; lsÍfï § h;=re ;nd .;af;a ;ud wf;auhs' ta ksid mSvdjla jqfKa keye' Ökhg m%n, wd¾Ól n,hla w;aalr .kakg yelsùu mqÿudldrhs' Ökfha iudc iqNidOkh b;du ixúOdkd;aulhs' iudcdrlaIKh wx. iïmQ¾Khs' fiajlhka wdrlaIs;hs' iudcjd§ fj<| wd¾Ólh bÈßhg f.k .sfha iudc idOdrK;ajhla /lf.khs' iQlaIuj ys;d ne¨fjd;a ud ys;=jd fï Ök l%uh rgl iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg jvd;a .e<fmk nj' úfYaIfhkau ;=ka jeks f,dalfha rgj,a j,g' uu fi!LH weue;sjrhd jYfhka isáh§ fï .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrñka l%shd l<d' T!IO udmshdj we;=¿ ck;djg ydkslr keÕSisàï mrdch lrk .ukau frday,a moaO;sh Yla;su;a l<d' kùlrK WmlrK f.kajd .;a;d" ffY,H ffjoH moaO;shg ÈhqKq WmlrK f.kajd ÿkakd" ksoyia wd¾Ólh hk uf.a wjfndaOh Yla;su;aj ;snqKq ksid jeäfhkau úfoaY wdfhdack uÕska f,dalfha kùk WmlrK f.kajd .;a w;ru È<s÷ frda.S ck;djg iyk i,id ÿkakd' ksoyia wd¾Ólfhka iudc ixj¾Okh .ek ud Ökfhka wdo¾Y ,nd.;a;d' jfrl ysgmq w.%dud;H rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d ud iuÕ lSjd" wmg jvd;a WÑ; jkafka Ökh jf.a iudcjd§ fj<| wd¾Ólhla lshd' wmg

rg yokakg fyd|u fudv,h Ökfhka ,nd.; yels nj ug wjOdrKfhka lshkakg mq¿jka' Tn;=ud Y%S ,xld - Ök iudc yd ixialD;sl iyfhda.s;d ix.ufha ksfhdað; msßia fufyhjñka lsysm j;djla Ökhg .shd'ta yer rdcH uÜgfï wdrdOkdjkaa wkqj Ökhg .shd'ta yeu úglu Tn;=ud jfrl i|yka l< mßÈ wdo¾Y /ila wjfndaO lr.;a;d' ixj¾Ok l%shdoduhka isheiska ÿgqjd' b;sx Tn;=ud isá md,k wjêj, fï wdo¾Y" w;aoelSï wfma rgg y÷kajd fokakg W;aidy lf<a keoao@ we;a;gu Tn lS mßÈ ud jdr .Kkdjla Ökhg .shd' rdcH uÜgfuka .sh wjia:dj,§ wod< ks, rdcldß j, fhÿkd' yenehs ug ienE Ökh olskakg ,enqfKa Tfí ix.uh iuÕ Ökhg .sh wjia:djl nj lsj hq;=uhs' uu lshjd ;sfnk foa w;aú¢kakg;a we;eï oE isheiska oel.kakg;a wjia:dj ,enqKd yqkdka m<df;a ud´ fia;=x ifydaorhf. .ug .sh wjia:dfõ ud t;=ud .ek lshjd ;sfnk foa h<s h<s;a uf.a is; mqrd Èj .shd' ud wdfõ.d;aul jqKd lsh,;a lshkak mq¿jka' t;=ud .ek uf.a yeÕSï ud tu .ïudkfha ks,OdÍka iu. mjioa§ Tjqka oeä Wkkaÿjlska ud foi n,d isáhd' t;=udf.a ksjfia§ ug t;=ud wiqkaf.k wuq;a;ka iuÕ l;d l< wdikfha jdä fjkakg ie,eiaiqjd' t;=udf.a ,shk fïfia wiqka f.k uf.a yeÕSï igyka lrkakg bv ,enqKd' we;a;gu lshkjd kï Tng;a u;l we;s tu ksjfia ish¨u jeo.;a ldur yd Yd,dj,g ud le|jdf.k .shd' ta ú;rla fkfjhs" Ökfha foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól"jdKsc" ixialD;sl yd lDIsld¾ñl we;=¿ fndfyda ia:dkj,g .shd'

Ökfha fï iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfhka fndfyda foa .ek wmg is;d n,kakg yelhss' ug bvla ,efnk yeu wjia:djlu Ök wdo¾Y .ek ys;=jd' bÈßfha§;a Ök wdo¾Y .ek is;Su neyer lrkakg ud is;kafka keye' Ökfha iyfhda.h ,ndf.k wmg fndfyda fohla lrkakg mq¿jka' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m%;sm;a;s kHdhhka ixl,am wms wOHhkh l< hq;=hs' fndfyda wh jf.a ud Ökh olskafka fN!;sl jYfhka fkdfjhs" wOHd;añl jYfhka' wms <sfoa isák isák ueähka wyi foi n,kjd jf.a Ökh Èyd n,kakg hEfï lsisu m,la keye' <sfoka f.dvfj,d

;uhs Ökh foi ne,sh hq;af;a' Tn;=ud ys;kafka fldfyduo Ök kdhl;ajh .ek' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha m%Odk f,alï" ckdêm;s IS ðkamsx uy;df.a bÈß oelau .ek' tljru lshkak mq¿jka IS ðkamsx ckdëm;sjrhd Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha .ukg fhdaO Yla;shla ,ndÿka nj' t;=udf.a ixl,am ta jf.au kHdhka fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uQ,O¾uhka /l.ekSug fnfyúkau bjy,a fjkjd' ud´ fia;=x ifydaorhdf.a iudcjd§ Ñka;kh bÈßhg f.k hñka t;=ud kj hq.hla i|yd jk Ök ,laIKfhka fyì iudcjdoh hk ixl,amh bÈßm;a l<d' ta jf.au —;Srhla yd udj;la˜ uq,msrefuka Ökh yd f,dalh w;r iyfhda.

hg ila;su;a ld,mßÉfþohla ks¾udKh l<d' ck;dj m%:u ;ekg ;nñka ck;d iqnisoaêh fjkqfjka fjfyfik yeá mqj;a uÕska wmg oek.kakg ,efnkjd' ta ú;rla fkfuhs n,kak COVID 19 jix.; ;;a;ajhg Ökh uqyqK ÿka yeá' tod wmsg is;kakg mq¿jka jqkdo Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl;ajh hgf;a fï jix.; Wjoqr fu;rï blaukg id¾:lj md,kh lr.kakg;a" thska f,dalh /l.kakg lem jkakg;a Ökh l%shd lrhs lshd' f,dalfha úYd, ck.ykhla iys; rglg fuh fld;rï wNsfhda.hlao@ ta ú;ro È<s÷lu ;=rka lsÍu .ek n,kak' tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a b,lalhg jirlg l<sska Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg yels jqKd iïmQ¾Kfhkau Ökfhka oßø;djh ;=rka lrkakg' úoHd - ;dlaIK ÈhqKqj n,kak'wo wNHjldYfha iduldó ixj¾Okhg Ökh .uka.kakd yeá n,kak' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg 100 jeks jir imsfrk fï fudfydf;a uu tys m%Odk f,alï IS ðkamsx uy;d we;=¿ tu mlaI uOHu ldrl iNdfõ ish¨ fokdg;a ùfrdaOdr - foaYfma%ó ish¨ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI idudðlhkag;a ;j;j;a f,dalhg wdo¾Y ;s<sK lrñka iudcjd§ Och Tijdf.k bÈßhg hEfï ish¨ Yla;sh ,efíjdhs m%d¾:kd lrkjd' China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 77

zzÖk isyskhZZ iuia; f,dal ck;djf.a isysk u,aM,.kajkq we; wdishdkq uyoaùmh" Y;j¾I .Kkdjla ;siafia úfoaY wdêm;Hhg hg;aj mej;=ks' ì%;dkH" m%xY" mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais" bx.s%is" cmka wêrdcHjdÈyq oY,CI ixLHd; ck;dj fukau Tjqka i;=j ;snq iajdNdúl iïm;a n,y;aldrfhka uxfld,a, lEy' 20 jk ishjfia weußlka wêrdcHjd§NQ fuu uyoaùmhg we;=, úh 1914-1918 olajd meje;s m<uq f,dal ix.%duh wjikaùu;a iu`. Wodjqfha f,dalh fndfyda fjkialïj,g uqyqKÿka hq.hls' fï jk úg wdishdkq uyoaùmfha wêrdcH úfrdaë jHdmdrfha WÉp;u wjia:djg t,ö ;snqKs' hqoaOh mj;sk ld,h w;r;=r 1917 j¾Ifha§ reishdfõ m<uq iudcjd§ úma,jh isÿúh' reishdkq b;sydifha fukau f,dal b;sydifhao yerjqï ,CIh iksgqyka lf<a 1917 fYa%IaG Tlaf;daïn¾ úma,jhhs' tys ch.%dyS y`v f,dj mqrd fndfyda rgj, fodaxldr fokakg úh' Okjdofha m%;súfrdaO;d W;aikak ùu ;=,ska u;=jkakd

78 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

jq kj w¾nqohg úiÿula f,i" f.dú lïlre mx;sfha iyNd.s;ajfhka iudcjd§ md,k l%uhla ìyslsÍug reishdkq fldñhqksÜia mlaIhg yelsúh' ù'whs' f,kskaf.a kdhl;ajfhka isÿjq fYa%IaG Tlaf;daïn¾ úma,h;a iu`. reishdfõ ìysjq iudcjd§ md,k l%uh uq`M f,dalhu w¨;a w;a±lSula úh' f,dal Okjdohg úl,amhla f,i we;s l< iudcjd§ kj md,k fudv,h f,djgu w¨;a wdlD;shla úh' tfukau kjl%uh mj;ajdf.k hdu wNsfhda.d;aul yd w;sYh ÿIalr lreKla úh' fYa%IaG Tlaf;daïn¾ úma,jh;a iu`. Ök úma,jfha .sksis`Mo kef.kakg úh' bkaÈhdfõ ksoyia jHdmdrhg;a úfYaIfhka YS% ,xldjg;a tys n,mEu ;Èkau ±fkkakg úh' tfiau f,dj mqrd kj hg;a úð;hkays wêrdcH úfrdaë jHdmdrj, ls%hdldÍ;ajh fõ.j;a úh'

f,dalfha j¾Okh fjñka meje;s fuu ;;ajh ;=, 1921 j¾Ifha" Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh msysgqùu" fM;sydisl wjYH;djhla úh' Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIfha kdhl;ajfhka 1949 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 01 jk Èk' Ök uyck iuqydKavqj msysgqùu m%ldYhg m;a flreKs' ta;a iu`.u wdishdkq l,dmfha wêrdcH úfrdaë" iudcjd§ yd m%.;sYs,s jHdmdrj, úYd, msìÈulao we;s úh' Ökfha fYa%IaG kdhl ud´ fia;=x úiska 1949 § Ök uyck iuqydKavqj msysgqùu udkj b;sydih yd f,dal b;sydih fjkia lsÍug fya;= jQ fM;sydisl ixisoaêhls' reishdfõ yd Ökfha we;s jq kj iudcjd§ mßj¾;kh f,dj mqrd úYd, wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK ÿkafkah' úfoaYSh fukau foaYSh m%;s.dó n,fõ.j, ;¾ckhkag;a iudcjdoh ixj¾Okd;aul f,i f.dvke.Sfï wNsfhda.hkag;a uqyqK§ug forgg isÿúh'

Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIfha kdhl;ajh hgf;a f.ù.sh jir 100 l ld,h ;=, Ökfha isÿù we;s ±jeka; mßj¾;kh f,dalhgu wdo¾Yhla ù we;' tla mCIhl md,khla hgf;a jir 100 l ld,hla ;=, Ökh f,dj m%uqL fmf,a ixj¾ê; rdcHhla njg m;a lsÍu ir, myiq ld¾hla fkdùh' f.da,ShlrKh jQ f,dalh ;=," wo Ökh ms<sn|j f,dj mqrd m%cd;ka;%jd§" m%.;YS,s jdu jHdmdr b;d .eUqßka wOHhkh lsÍu b;d jeo.;a nj uf.a ye`.Suhs' 20 jk ishji" f,dal lïlre jHdmdrh" fldñhqksÜiajdoh" wêrdcHjdoh" mka;s wr.,h" iudcjdoh" hqoaOh yd iduh jeks mqq¿,a ud;Dld ms<sn|j újdod;aul idlÉPd f,dj mqrd úúO l,dmj," mq¿,a uÜgñka" wdrïN ù ;snq hq.hls' ,dxlSh jfï jHdmdrfha uQ,îc we;sùfï wdrïNho Bg idfmalaIj isÿúh' 1930 .Kkaj," úfoaY rgj,g Wiia wOHdmkh ,enq uOHu mdx;sl nqoaêu;=ka meje;s ;;ajh ms<sn| Tjqfkdjqka w;r mq¿,a foaYmd,k idlÉPdj, ksr;jqy' fï ;;ajh ;=, YS% ,dxlSh ;reK YsIH lKavdhï ,xldfõ iudcjd§ mCIhla msysgqùu flf¾ ±ä wjOdkhla fhduq lf<ah' 1935 § ,xldfõ m%:u jdudxYsl foaYmd,k mCIh jk ,xld iu iudc mlaIh msysgqjk ,§' 1960 oYlh f,dal fldñhqksÜia jHdmdrh yd iudcjd§ rdcHhkayS ch.%yK yd miqnEï ms<sn|j úfõpkd;aul u;jdo nyq,j n,.ekaù ;snq hq.hls' udlaia f,kskajdoh" fg%dialsjdoh" ixiafYdaOkjdoh jeks m%%Yak ms<sn| mq¿,a idlÉPd uKavm we;s úh' reishka ms, yd Ök ms, jYfhka tu forfÜo úúO;ajhka ms<sn| u;jdo we;súh' nyq ck wr.,h yd ikakoaO wr.,h hk m%Yak ms<sn|j úma,jldÍ ;reK

fldgia w;r W.% fn§ï we;súh' 1970 foieïn¾ ui 02 jk Èk wNHka;r YsIHfhl= f,i le<Ksh úYaj úoHd,hg we;=,;aùug ug wjia:dj ,enqKs' uf.a .ï m%foaYh jQ ;siaiuydrdufha isg úYajúoHd,hg we;=,aùu i|yd ud fld<Ug meñKsfha m%:u wjia:djghs' Ôú;fha m%:u j;djg .fï mßirh;a" úYaj úoHd,fha w¨;a mßirh;a w;r we;s jq .egqu is; ordf.k úYaj úoHd, YsIH Ôú;hg uqyqK§u wdrïN lf<ñ' YS% ,xldfõ fldñhqksÜia mCIfha ;reK kdhl;ajh jq ir;a uq;af;Ügqfõ.u ifydaorhdf.a iy ;reK yd YsIH wxYh Ndrj isá w'.d chfiak ifydaorhdf.a weiqfrka ,nd.;a udlaiajdoh ms<sn| uq,sl wjfndaOh;a mCI wOHdmkh yd mdCIsl ls%hdldrlï weiqfrka ,nd.;a foaYmd,k ±kqu yd Tjqkaf.a ksjerÈ u`.fmkaùu" f,dal fldñhqksÜia jHdmdrh flfrys jvd;a ud keUqre ùug n,mEfõh' ud fldñhqksÜiajdÈfhla njg m;alf<a fldñhqksÜia mCIfha YsIH yd ;reK jHdmdrh úisks' le<Ks úYaj úoHd,fha uyd YsIH ix.ufha iNdm;sjrhd f,i 1973 j¾Ifha kef.kysr c¾uksfha n¾,ska w.k.rfha meje;ajQ f,dal ;reK yd YsIH Wf<,g iyNd.S ùug ug wjia:dj ysñúh' urodk ÿïßh fmdf,ka rd;S% hdmkh ÿïßhg ke.' ;f,hsukakdru olajd .ukafldg" tys isg ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ okqiafldäh olajd fmßhlska f.dia" ókïNlalï f;dgqmf,ka bkaÈhdjg we;=,aù" Èk 03 l Èjd-rd;S% ÿïßh .uklska miqj kjÈ,a,shg;a" bkamiq mdlsia:dkfha ,dfyda¾ k.rhg;a .ukafldg" .=jka hdkhlska c¾uksfha n¾,ska w.kqjrg hdug wmg isÿúh'

fjfyilr" ÿIalr pdßldjla jqj;a" uf.a m<uq úfoaY pdßldfõ§u cd;Hka;r fldñhqksÜia jHdmdrj, yd f,dal ;reK yd YsIH jHdmdrj, kdhlhskao" f,dj úuqla;s wr.,j, fh§ isák ;reK yd YsIH ksfhdað;hskao yuqùfï ÿ¾,N wjia:dj ug ysñúh' cd;Hka;r fldñhqksÜia jHdmdrh yd úuqla;s wr., ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍug ug ,enqKq m%:u wjia:dj uf.a Ôú;hg úYd, n,mEula we;s lf<ah' 1917 j¾Ifha§ f,dj isÿjq m<uq iudcjd§ úma,jh ;=,ska msysgqjkq ,enq fidaúhÜ iudcjdÈ iuqydKavqj;a" tys md,k l%uh yd ixj¾Okh;a ms<sn|j ye±Íug ud fm<Uùu fuu cd;Hka;r w;a±lSu úYd, f,i n,mEfõh' ;reK yd YsIH iïfï,kh i|yd fudialõ w.kqjr we;=¨ m%Odk k.r lSmhlg hdug ug wjia:dj ,enqKs' tjlg iudcjd§ mßj¾;khla isÿlr ;snq" fpfldiaf,djelshdj" refïkshdj" n,af.aßhdj" yxf.aßhdj" úhÜkduh jeks rgj, ixpdrh lsÍfï§ tu rgj, úuqla;s wr., yd ;reK yd YsIH jHdmdrj, ls%hdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| m%dfhda.slj yeoEÍug;a ug yelsúh' ixl,amhlg iSudù ;snq udlaiajdoh tjlg reishdfõ meje;s ish¨ ;;ajhkag .,mñka m<uqjrg m%dfhda.slj ls%hdjg kexjqfha ù'whs' f,kska úisks' tmuKla fkdj" m%dfhda.sl ;;ajhkag wkql+,j udlaiajd§ o¾Ykhg ;j;a w.hka tl;= lsÍug f,kska lghq;= lf<ah' zzudlaia f,kska jdohZZ f,i f,dj m%lgj we;af;a f,kska bÈßm;a l, kj woyia fidaúhÜ foaYfha ck;dj n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ iudc m%;sixialrK isÿlsÍug" fldñhqksÜia mCI kdhl;ajh wfmdfydi;aùu ksid we;sjQ China Mirror 镜像中国 Ök levm; | 79

nrm;, m%;súfrdaO;dj, m%;sM,hla f,i 1988 § fidaúhÜ ix.uh ì| jegqks' fidaúhÜ ix.uh ì|jeàu" uq`M iudcjd§ rdcH moaO;shg;a" f,dj mqrd úuqla;s wr.,j,g;a b;d wys;lr f,i n,mEfõh' Tlaf;daïn¾ úma,jfhka jir 5 lg miq 1921 j¾Ifha msysgjQ Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIhg" fidaúhÜ foaYfha foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól" iudc mßj¾;k ls%hdldÍ;ajfha n,mEu yd tys m%;súfrdaO;d" .eUqßka wOHhkh lrñka ish rfÜ cd;sl úuqla;s wr.,h i|yd wjYH jQ foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh ,nd§ug isÿúh' reishka úma,jfhka jir 32 lg miq" wdishdkq uyoaùmfha iudcjd§ úma,jh isÿlsÍu Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh kdhl;ajh ÿkafkah' wêrdcH .e;s rgla f,i Okm;s rgj, wjudkhg yd mSvkhg ,lafjñka isá Ökh" tu ;;ajfhka uqojd .ekSu w;sÿIalr ld¾hhla úh' È¾> yd lgql wr.,hlska miqj 1949 Tlaf;daïn¾ 01 jk Èk wêrdcH md,kh wjika fldg iudcjd§ iudcl%uh wdrïN lsÍu iNdm;s ud'´'fia;=x f.a kdhl;ajfhka isÿúh' f,dj f;jk N+ñ m%udKhg ysñlï lshk" f,dj jeäu ck.yKhla fjfik" nyqjd¾.sl rgl" ish¨ cd;Skaf.a whs;Ska iq/flk" iudc-wd¾ÓlfoaYmd,k mßirhla f.dvke.Sfï wNsfhda.hg Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh b;d id¾:lj uqyqK ÿkafkah' 1949-1978 olajd jQ hq.h Ökfha iudcjd§ mßj¾;kfha uq,a hq.h úh' 1949 § kj Ökh msysgqùfuka miq y÷kajdÿka iudcjd§ w¾:l%uh uOH.;j ie,iqï flreKq w;r" 1978 jkúg tf;la j¾Okh ù ;snq iudc-wd¾Ól Yla;sh" fM;sydisl ;;ajhkag ms<s;=re iemhqjo" iS>%fhka j¾Okh jk" ixlS¾K

80 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

jQ kj f,dal ;;ajhkag lsisfia;a m%udKj;a fkdùh' fuu ;;ajh ms<sn|j 1978 foieïn¾ mej;s Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIfha 11 jk cd;sl iïfï,kfha§ §>_ f,i idlÉPd fldg Bg ms,shï f,i" kj m%jK;djhkag fhduqùfï fM!;sydisl ;Skaÿjlg fhduqúh' kj wd¾Ól ie,iqï yd l%fudamdh ;=,ska" M,odhl;ajh iS.%fhka ixj¾Okh lsÍu wiudk ixj¾Okfhka mSvdúÈk ck;djf.a Ôú;h hym;a yd n,j;a lsÍu i|yd jQ kj jev ms<sfj,la ta i|yd fhdackd úh' fuu fM;sydisl Wmdh ud¾.sl ;SrKhka iu`. 1978 j¾Ifha§ Ökfha m%;sixialrKh yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍu werUqKs' fuu m%;sixialrK ls%hdj,sfha ie,iqïlrejd jQfha Ökfha fcHIaG kdhl fvxIshd´ fmka.a h' tf;la meje;s iudcjd§ m%;sixialrK kùlrKh lsÍu;a" foaYSh wd¾Ólh ndysr f,dalhg újD; lsÍfï kj m%;sm;a;sh ks¾udKh lsÍu;a fuu`.ska isÿúh' kj l%uh u`.ska m%d:ñl wÈhf¾ meje;s iudcjdoh Yla;su;a iudcjd§ fj<|fmd, wd¾Ól l%uhla f,i iS>%fhka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jq foaYmd,k yd wfkl=;a l%fudamdhka mq`M,a m%;sixialrKhkag ,laflreKs' ta i|yd 1949-1978 olajd meje;s jir 30 w;a±lSï b;d ksjerÈj" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r ;;ajhkag .,mñka m%;sixialrK ls%hdj,sh wdrïN úh' b;du fláfhka i|yka l<fyd;a iudcjd§ rgl m%;sixialrK yd újD; m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍfï zzkj fudv,hlaZZ Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh f,dalhg y÷kajdÿka nj lsjhq;=h' fuu m%;sixialrK ls%hdj,sh;a iu`. iudcjd§ iudcl%ufha fM!;sydisl úm¾hdihla we;súh' f,dalfha fndfyda Okjd§ yd iudcjd§

rgj,a úúO w¾nqo yuqfõ ì| jefgñka ;sìh§ b;d flál,lska ish`M fCIa;%j, fõ.j;a ixj¾Okhla ,`.dlr .ekSug Ökh iu;aúh' Ök úma,jfhka miq ls%hd;aul l< zzbÈßhg fYa%IaG msïulaZZ yd zzixialD;sl úma,jhZZ ksid Ökfha iudcjd§ jev ms,sfj, úYd, miqnEulg ,laù ;sîu" m%;sixialrK ls%hdj,shg ;Èka n,mEfõh' tfy;a iudc m%;sixialrKhka iu`. iudc ia:djr;ajh mj;ajd .ekSug Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh .kq ,enq ksjerÈ ;Skaÿ ;SrK fuu ch.%yKhg fya;= úh' mCIh ksjerÈ u`.g fhduqlrñka" kj m%;sixialrK ls%hd;aul fldg" rg ksjerÈ udj;g m%úYaG lsÍug;a" Ök ck;djg iudcjd§ w¾:l%ufha mq¿,a m%;s,dN ,nd§ug;a" fvx Ishd´fmkaf.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;a fldñhqksÜia mCIhg yelsúh' zzÖk ,CIKfhka fyì kj iudcjd§ iudchlaZZ ia:dms; lsÍug Ökh iu;aúh' fidaúhÜ foaYfha Wiia wOHdmkh ,nñka isá fvxIshd´ fmka.a reishdkq úma,jfha yd m%:u iudcjd§ mßj¾;kfha h:d¾;hka ms<sn| .eUqre wjfndaOhka ,nd.;a nj fmfka' fldñhqksÜiajdoh ms<sn| Tyq ;=, ;snq Rcq úYajdih ;=,ska ;u Ôú;h" fldñhqksÜiajdoh;a-Ök ck;dj;a fjkqfjka lemlsÍug" fmr w;a±lSï Tyqg úYd, Yla;shla jkakg we;' iqkah;afhka" ud'´'fia;=x" fvxIshd´ fmka.a" ðhdka fiñka" yQ ðka;dfjda hk Ök kdhlhska Ökh iudcjd§ rdcHhla f,i by<ska Tijd ;nkakg bgql,d jQ fufyh b;sydi .;ù we;' j;auka Ök kdhl Is ðkamsx f.a zzÖk isyskhZZ ixl,amh Ökfha j;auka ch.%yK jvd;a Yla;su;a

yd M,odhS f,i ixj¾Okh lsÍfï Ndr¥r j.lSug kdhl;ajh imhhs' ta i|yd Ök kdhlhd w;súYd, mßY%uhlska w;s ±jeka; ls%hdj,shla ls%hd;aul lrñka isà ish`M ck;djf.a uQ,sl wjYH;djhka j¾Okh fldg iaÓrf,i mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" È.=ld,Sk wd¾Ól yd iudc ixj¾Okhla i|yd rfÜ ish¨ ckfldgia iyNd.S lr.ekSug;a fuu`.ska wfmaCId flf¾' zzÖk isyskhZZ Ök ck;djf.a wkd.;h isysk ienE lrkakla muKla fkdj" iduldó f,dal ck;djf.a isysk u,aM, .ekaùula jkq we;' Ök ckdêm;s Is úiska 2013 j¾Ifha bÈßm;a l< zzkj fiaoudj;ZZ" zz;Srh yd udj;ZZ ixl,amh 21 jk ishjfia f,dalhg bÈßm;a jQ m%Odk;u wd¾Ól jHdmD;s;s hhs' 21 jk ishjfia f,dal ck;dj uqyqK§ isák cd;Hka;r ;%ia;jdoh" f.da,Sh uQ,H w¾nqoh" wd¾Ól wjmd;h" oßø;djh" wiudk;djh" f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh" mßir úkdYh" ixl%uKsl yd irKd.; m%YaK hk w¾nqo /ila i|yd ;SrKd;aul f,i úi÷ï fidhd hdug fuu jHdmD;sh fhdackd fldg we;' 21 jk ishji i|yd Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh iaÓr yd Rcq ;Skaÿ ;SrK f.k ls%hdlrhs' mCIh yd foaYmd,k n,h ia:djr lsÍu" mCI kdhl;ajh Yla;su;a lsÍu yd wLKav foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhla f.dvke.Su" mCI uOHu ldrl iNdfõ wêldÍn,h fmdÿfõ wkqu; lsÍu" mCIfha tlai;a nj ±ä f,i wdrCId lsÍu" mCI úkh yd kS;sÍ;s j,g m%uqL;ajh§u úksúoNdjh hk m%Odk lreKq flfrys mCIfha úfYaI jevms<sfj, fhduq ù we;'

2020 jk úg Ökfha .%dóh oßø;dj uq`Mukskau ksudjg m;alsÍu i|yd i|yd 2013 j¾Ifha wd¾ïN l< jevms<sfj, id¾:lj ksudlrñka fõ.j;a ixj¾Okhla ,`.dlr .ksñka" iudcjdofha uQ,sl wjYH;djla iïmq¾K lsÍug Ökh iu;aù we;' kS;sfha wêm;Hh Yla;su;a lsÍu" iajdëk wêlrK moaO;shla ia:dms; lsÍu" ks<OdÍjdoh wju lsÍu" ¥IKh msgq±lSu" kS;suh md,khla hgf;a Ökh iudcjd§ foaYhla njg m;alsÍu i|yd jQ ks¾foaY yd kS;s ls%hd;aul lrñka iuia: mCIh ta i|yd fufyhùug Ök kdhlhska iu;aù we;' zzúma,jhla we;sùug kï" úma,ùh mCIhla ;sìh hq;=h' udlaia f,kska jdoh u; f.dvke.=Kq mCIhlska f;drj wêrdcHjdohg yd th mj;ajdf.k hk n,a,kag tfrysj lïlrejkag yd uyck;djg kdhl;ajh §ug kqmq¨jkZZ by; m%ldYh ud´ fia;=xf.a zzmqxÑ r;= fmd;ZZ kï f,da m%lg .%ka:fha fldñhqksÜia mCIh hk mßÉfþofha i|yka jkakls' iudcjd§ úma,jh i|yd udlaia f,kska jdoh u; f.dvke.=Kq mCIhl wjYH;djh wog;a j,x.=j mj;S' fndfyda rgj, fldñhqksÜia mCI ìysjqjo" fldñhqksÜia jdoh udlaia f,kska jdoh foig w¾:l:kh lsÍu yd udlaiajd§ uQ,Ou_ u; wjYH iudc mßj¾;khka i|yd uQf,damdhka ;SrKh lsÍu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu jeks b;d ne?reï ld¾hkag msúiSug tu mCI wiu;ajQ nj fmfka' fldñhqksÜia mCIh msysgjQ muKska iudcjd§ mßj¾;khka isÿlsÍu myiq ld¾hla fkdfõ' ta i|yd iqÿiq

kdhl;ajhla ,eìh hq;=h' tfiau rgl mj;sk wfkl=;a fldkafoais ish,a, ukdj wOHhkh fldg úma,ùh wjêh ;SrKh lsÍu yd ta i|yd uqf,damdh ls%hd;aul lsÍu Yla;su;a-¥ro¾YS mCI kdhlfhl=f.a j.lSu jkq we;' f,dal fldñhqksÜia jHdmdrfha úúO úp,Hhkag uqyqK foñka fidaúhÜ foaYh we;=¨ uq`M iudcjd§ rdcH moaO;shu lvdjefgoa§ Ökfha iudcjd§ úma,jh id¾:l f,i bÈßhg hEug fya;= jQ m%Odk idOlh jqfha iS>%fhka fjkiajk f.da,Sh ;;ajh yd j¾Okh jkakd jQ kj m%jK;djkag wkqj udlaiajdoh .,md .ksñka Ökh f.dvke.Sug Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh .kq ,enq fM;sydisl ;Skaÿ;SrK nj f,dju ms<s.kS' udlaiajdoh ms<sn| kHdhsl moku yd ±lau ksjerÈj wjfndaOlr .ekSulska f;drj iudcjd§ mßj¾;khla isÿlsÍug läkï jQ fndfyda fldñhqksÜia yd jfï jHdmdr wid¾:l jQ njg b;sydih idlaIs orhs' f,dal iudcjd§ jHdmrfha mßj¾;khka iu`. i,ld ne,Sfï§ wm rfÜ m%.;sYs,S yd jfï jHdmdr b;d miq.dó ls%hdldÍ;ajhl mj;sk nj uf.a úYajdihhs' cd;Hka;r iudcjd§ jHdmdrj, j¾Okhka yd wm rfÜ mej;s iudc foaYmd,k ;;ajhka ksjerÈ f,i úYaf,aIKh lr .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ùu Bg uQ,sl fya;=jhs' jhi wjqreÿ 19 fha§ úYajúoHd,hg we;=¨ù jir 03 la wr.,ldÍ YsIH Ôú;hla .; lrñka YS% ,xldfõ fldñhqksÜia mCIfha YsIH yd ;reK wxY yryd Ôú;hg iómlr.;a úoHd;aul iudcjdoh ms<sn| ±kqu-wjfndaOh yd w;a±lSï iu`. jir 70 la .;jk wo

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ojfia;a lghq;= lsÍug ,eîu .ek uu i;=gqfjñ' fldñhqksÜiajdÈfhl= f,i ud fndfyda we¨ï l<" Ôjudkj w;aÿgq" fidaúhÜ iudcjd§ rdcHh yÈisfhau lvdjeàu ug uyd lïmkhla úh' Ökfha we;sfjñka ;snq kj msì§u ms<sn|j wdYajdofhka hq;=j fidhd ne,Sug ud fhduqúh' YS% ,xldj;a-Ökh;a w;r fo-ck;d ñ;%;ajh i|yd ls%hdldÍj lghq;= lrñka isá ñ;% m¾Iohla iu`. tlaùug ug wjia:dj ,enqKs' ud Ök ñ;%fhl= jQfha tfiah' Ökh ±lSug ug wjia:dj ,enqKs' fidaúhÜ iuqydKavqj ì| jeàfuka f,dj mqrd isÿjQ úm¾hdihka yuqfõ" Ök uyck iuqydKavqj fkdjeà" fkdie,S b;d Yla;su;a f,dal n,jf;l= f,i bÈßhg fufyhùug Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIh ls%hdl< wdldrh ms<sn| b;d .eUqßka wOHhkh lsÍu" iEu fldñhqksÜiajdÈfhl=f. au udlaiajd§fhl=f.au j.lSula f,i uu olsñ' reishdfõ fudialõ kqjr r;= p;=rY%fha úfYaI mSÀldjl

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;ekam;afldg we;s f,dj m%:u iudcd§ rdcHfha ks¾udKlre jQ ù'whs' f,kska kï jQ ta iqúfYaI ñksidf.a foayhg Wmydr ms§ug ug wjia:dj ,eîu" Ôú;fha ud ,o ÿ¾,N Nd.Hhls' Ökfha ;shkawdkauka p;=rY%fha ixrCIKh fldg ;nd we;s" Ök úma,jfha fYa%IaG kdhl ud'´' fia;=x iy hqf.diaf,daúhdfõ úma,ùh kdhl ud¾I,a áfgdaf.a;a foayhka ishiska ±l .ekSug ug wjia:dj ysñúh' Ök m%;sixialrK kj hq.hlg f.khk iqúfYaIS ñksid" Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIfha kdhl ckdêm;s Is ðkamsx h' zzmiajeks kùlrKhZZ f,i kï lrñka mCIfha uyf,alï yd ckdêm;sjrhd f,i Tyq kj m%;sixialrK y÷kajd ÿkafkah' zzm%;sixialrKh lsÍu iy f,daljg újD;ùu Ökfha ffojh ;SrKh lrk mshjrla' th tlaflda wm bÈßhg f.khdù' ke;akï wm ì| oudú' kej;Sula fyda wdmiaig hdula ke;ZZ hkqfjka 2012 j¾Ifha Ök kdhlhd l< m%ldYh udlaiaf,kska jdoh" kùk f,dalhg

.e,mSug Tyq ;=, we;s wNsm%dh iksgqyka lrhs' jir 100 la imsfrk Ök fldñhqksÜia mCIfha kdhl;ajh hgf;a 2021 j¾Ih jk úg" Ökh ,nd we;s iuia: ch.%yK yd Ökhg f,dalfha ysñ ;ek ms<sn| ,sùu ir, fkdjk ÿIalr jHdhduhls' Ökfha wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd wfkl=;a ixj¾Okhka fkdjkakg" wo wdishdj f,dalfha l=uk ;;ajhlg m;afõ±hs is;Su mjd ìhlreh' zzksod isák Ökh wjÈ fkdlrkakZZ hehs f,dj fy,a¨ kefmda,shka jrl lshd we;' udlaiajdoh Ökh wjêfldg we;' hqoaOfhka f,dalh /l.ekSug;a" f.dú-lïlre jHdmdrj, úuqla;sh yd f,dal iduh i|yd;a Ökh fmruqK f.k ;sfí' fldñhqksÜiajdoh" udlaia f,kskajdoh ms<sn| udf.a lshùu fuhhs'

International Department Central Committee of CPC The CPC Central Committee decided to set up the International Department in 1951, to take charge its liaison work with foreign parties. The International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and formally known as International Department was established in 1951, is under the direct care and leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The International Department was tasked with overseeing relations with foreign communist parties, especially the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the socialist bloc. After the founding of the People Republic China in October 1949, in early years of New China, the CPC sided firmly with socialist countries for safeguarding nation's independence and sovereignty, due to facing of isolation and blockage by Western hostile forces. The main task for

CPC international relations was to create a favorable international environment for the consolidation of the new government and for the country's construction. The CPC successfully established good relations and cooperation of various kinds with most foreign Communist and workers' parties and leftwing organizations in Socialist or non-socialist countries. Foreign delegations of Communist and workers' parties from 56 countries attended the 8’th CPC National Congress in 1956. Mao Zedong said proudly at the meeting, "We are not feeling isolated, So many foreign delegations have traveled a long distance to our country, to attend our congress with genuine friendship, and this is a great support and encouragement to us." While developing relations with Communist and workers' parties in capitalist countries, the CPC didn't refuse contacts with their parties of other kinds.

Especially, since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Central Committee held in 1978 and under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the International Liaison Department expanded its mission to include cultivating relations with non-communist parties, with broaden objectives. The following components were included in the Deng Xiaoping's vision about the international relations: 1. Party-to-party relations should be "new, healthy and friendly"; 2. Each party should handle its internal affairs in an independent and selfdetermined way, not subject to the decision, interests or wishes of others; 3. No party should judge, by its own experience, the right or wrong of others' practices, no party should give orders to others;

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4. All parties, big or small, strong or weak, in power or not, should be equal and to exercise mutual respect, not to interfere with other's internal affairs; 5. Ideological difference should never be obstacles to the party-to-party relations, and every one should keep a "seeking common ground while reserving differences" attitude in party-to-party relations and cooperation; 6. Party-to-party relations and cooperation should take improving state-to-state relations as an objective, facilitating friendship and better understanding of each other; 7. Keep a looking-forward attitude, not to be bogged down in disputes that happened in the past partyto-party relations. Deng Xiaoping's thinking components laid a solid theoretical foundation for the CPC international relations during a new era and provided guidance for handling the relations with political parties of other countries. In September 1982 at the 12’th CPC National Congress advanced the four principles for the CPC to develop relations with Communist parties in other countries, "independence, equality, mutual respect and noninterference in other parties' internal affairs." These principles were written into the new CPC Constitution. In October 1987 at the 13’th CPC National Congress extended

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the principles to cover the relations with all kinds of foreign parties. At the rapid change in 1990’s in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe, the CPC conducted systematic contacts with old and new political parties in former Soviet Union, Eastern European and African countries. At 14’th CPC National Congress in 1992, made a new description about its party-to-party relations, which included "the CPC values the relations with political parties in all countries, the CPC will continue to follow the principles of independence, equality, mutual respect and non-interference in other's internal affairs in establishing and developing friendly relations with all of them." The description had a noticeable change, referring not only to "foreign Communist parties," but including “all political parties from all countries” and showed CPC's relations were to cover all political parties. There was no difference in nature or size, and all the parties were equal to the CPC in relations. This was a big breakthrough on CPC's international theory after the reform and opening-up. The 15’th CPC National Congress held in 1997, carried on the description from the 14’th CPC National Congress, defining the objects of relations as "every foreign political party that is willing to have contacts with the CPC." This means, the CPC would develop new party-to-party relations and cooperation with every willing political party, disregarding its kind and

nature, so long it is willing. International relations of the CPC have progressed significantly, as all the generations of the CPC leading group have given much attention to increase global outreach. ILD actively conducts its relations, exchanges and cooperation based on four principles; ●● Independence ●● Complete equality ●● Mutual respect ●● Non-interference in each other's internal affairs. The four principles, each being independent and connected, make an organic whole with a wide range of contents.

Independence ; When attending the conference of Communist and workers' parties held in Moscow in 1957, Mao Zedong exchanged his ideas with top leaders of other parties and countries about the independent status and the right of selfdetermination each party was entitled to. Every party should be entirely independent and no party should interfere with another party's internal affairs. With the efforts of Mao Zedong and others, this principle was written into the "Moscow Declaration." "Independence" makes the foundation for new partyto-party relations. The CPC fully respects other parties' independent status, honors their right in choosing their own social system and a

development road out of their own situations; the CPC acknowledges their right in handling their own affairs on an independent and selfdetermined manner, and their right in making their lines, principles and policies by their independent observation and study of the international situation.

Complete equality; All parties are equal - Mao Zedong reiterated the equal basis of all Communist parties should enjoy. With equality, he said, unity would be consolidated; without it, forcing one's idea upon others, the unity would suffer seriously. "Equality" makes the key to establishing a new-type partyto-party relations. The CPC believes that all parties, big or small, strong or weak, in power or not, are equal, and should be treated on an equal basis, not to be put on a leading or being led position. No party is to give orders to others, not to force its ideas upon others; complete equality guarantees their independent status.

Mutual respect; Disregarding ideological differences in party-to-party contacts - in early years of New China, the CPC developed international relations mainly with the Communist and workers' parties in other countries, meanwhile, with some political parties of different ideology. Mao Zedong once said, "We believe that different social systems can coexist

peacefully," and Zhou Enlai made it even clearer by saying, "No party or an individual is to force his idea upon another party or another person. Ideological differences should never be a barrier for state-tostate or party-to-party political cooperation." “Mutual respect" is the precondition for new party-toparty relations. To the CPC, due to different experiences and situations, different parties may have different ideology and act in different ways and this is natural and normal. Different ideas are inevitable, not to be unified by commands. Cooperation should transcend ideological differences; each party has its strong and weak points, successful experience and lessons, achievements and mistakes; no party is superior or inferior to others and all parties should respect one another; party-to-party cooperation is only possible with mutual respect, mutual learning, seeking common ground while reserving differences, the right to handle independently internal affairs either of the party or of the state, and the choice they have made for social system and development road by their national situation should be honored.

Non-interference in each other's internal affairs; Party-to-party relations should not affect stateto-state relations. After becoming a party in power, the CPC realized similarity

and difference between the party-to-party and state-tostate relations. Liu Shaoqi also said, "Ideological differences between fraternal parties should be solved through discussions. If a solution is unavailable now, we may discuss later or shelf it for future to make a conclusion. Anyway, ideological differences should not affect state-to-state relations." "Non-interference in others' internal affairs", guarantees the new party-to-party relation to develop. The CPC believes the internal affairs of a party should be decided by no one but that party itself, not to be meddled with by any party in any country; no party is to force its ideas on another one; no party should, by party-toparty relations, interfere with the internal affairs of another country, and the party-to-party relations should help the establishment and progress of state-to-state relations; no party is to, by bilateral party relations, act against the third party or jeopardize the third party's interests; no party is to, by its relations with others, export its ideology, values, social system and development mode. The principles and policies of a party are entirely up to its own choice. After the reform and openingup began in 1978, China entered a new historical period of socialist modern construction. The CPC was no longer a party in power leading China's socialist construction in an isolated situation, but became a ruling party in

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a new situation of reform and opening-up and leading China's modern construction. With China's fast economic progress and higher and higher influence in the world, the international society gave increasing attention to the CPC. The CPC associates with not only the communist parties and other left-wing parties of the world as it originally did but also national democratic parties of the developing countries and political parties and statesmen of various ideologies and natures such as socialist, labor and conservative parties in the developed countries as well as their international organizations as it later expanded. The CPC has established contacts and exchanges with many political parties and organizations in over 161 countries, most of which are either parties in office or parties participating in government. A new pattern in the Party's international relations has emerged characterized by all-round, multi-channel, wide-scope and in-depth party-to-party exchanges and cooperation. As the scope of the Party's international exchanges has been further enlarged, their contents are getting richer and forms more diversified. High level contacts, working visits, study trips, theoretical discussions, economic cooperation, cultural exchanges and the like have enriched the contents of the new-type party-to-party 86 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

relations. The International Department's activities will play an even more vital role in ensuring the state comprehensive security, propelling the overall state diplomacy and realizing the reunification cause of the China. The Department will strive for a peaceful and stable international environment favorable to China's development, thus making fresh contributions to safeguarding world peace, promoting common prosperity and advancing the cause of progress of mankind. The number of CPC contacts with party and non-party representatives substantially increased especially after Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Party in 2012. President Xi Jinping’s idea of the “New Silk Road” known as “Belt and Road Initiative”, make known on 2013 and turned into a multi-trillion dollar trade, investment, infrastructure and wider geo-political and geoeconomic initiative, engaging and increasing varieties of foreign relations. At the 19th National Congress of China's Communist Party held in October 2017, President’s Xi's orated on "Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" and the diplomacy with Chinese characteristics aims to foster a new type of international relations and build a community with a shared future for mankind. Also he said regarding the international relations that

“We will develop new ways of making outbound investments, promote international cooperation on production capacity, form globally-oriented networks of trade, investment and financing, production, and services, and build up our strengths for international economic cooperation and competition...... China will actively promote international cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative. In doing so, we hope to achieve policy, infrastructure, trade, financial, and people-topeople connectivity and thus build a new platform for international cooperation to create new drivers of shared development...... We will pursue open, innovative, and inclusive development that benefits everyone; boost cross-cultural exchanges characterized by harmony within diversity, inclusiveness, and mutual learning; and cultivate ecosystems based on respect for nature and green development. China will continue its efforts to safeguard world peace, contribute to global development, and uphold international order. Resources for this article are based from the articles in the ‘International Department Central Committee of CPC’ (URL- https://www.idcpc.org. cn/english/ ) web site.

nishanthaw@netscape.net

International Outlook of CPC Revolution The port city project is a beacon of light in South Asia, lifting the Sri Lankan economy to a high level of economic magnitude by developing the most livable city in South Asia. The Colombo Port City is not merely a city and it is built on sustainable values, a healthy environment with future ready infrastructure and a city providing the highest quality commercial, entertainment, medical, education and lifestyle opportunities to enhance the living convenience of host communities. Not only that, but the port city will provide a plethora of direct, indirect, and induce benefits, including world-class facilities and spaces in Healthcare, Education, Entertainment, Hotels and restaurants, Retail, and offices, as well as an Integrated Resort and a Marina, providing the best in seaside living, built on the latest sustainable city designs and smart city concept, endowing the people of Sri Lanka to drive the country into

Sampath Siriwardena Senior Lecturer

global heights.. Source :www.twitter.com/ portcity colombo 3D View of Port City Port City Colombo is a contemporary city development concept built as an extension of the central business hub of Sri Lanka’s vibrant commercial capital city Colombo. Spanning 269 hectares of reclaimed land from the sea, Port City Colombo will be South Asia’s premiere residential, retail and business destination, offering an unmatched planned city living along the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. The development will comprise of 5 different precincts, including the Financial District, Central Park Living, Island Living, The Marina and the International Island. The developer of the project is CHEC Port City Colombo Ltd through China Harbor Engineering Company (CHEC) which is part of China

Communications Construction Company Ltd. (CCCC). Beyond reasonable doubts, the project is set to become the main source of income and it holds the path for revenue generation for Sri Lanka in the future. The total expected investment for this project is USD 15 billion, which is considered as one of the biggest investments in Asia that a particular country has made to develop another foreign nation. The project is expected to be completed in 2041 and it will certainly create economic, social and geopolitical benefits for the island, and it will certainly lift the living standards of the people of Sri Lanka. Approximately 83,000 direct employment and nearly 250,000 indirect job opportunities. The induced economic impact is yet to be calculated and identify the exact economic benefits that the island could reap out of this gigantic financial injection.

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The above chart undoubtedly shows that Sri Lanka has never crossed the boundary of foreign Direct Investment of USD 01billion just over the last two and half decades. It clearly shows that consolidation of bilateral ties and trustworthiness would lead to an influx of huge capital investments for a country.

The Chinese Communist Party (CPC)is the founding and sole governing political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and President Xi Jinping is the General Secretary of the Party. China has a new official political doctrine and it is calledPresident Xi Jinping thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. No doubt that “Xi Jinping thought” has taken the country (China) into a new outlook of socio-economic and geopolitical development over the past few years.

Recent media reports highlight that Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksha had told Chinese counterpart President Xi Jinping that Sri Lanka wanted to learn from the Chinese Communist Party's' ‘governance experience’. Media reports also quoted President Xi telling President Gotabaya Rajapaksha that China is ready to work with Sri Lanka.

President Xi Jinping's Thought consists of 14 basic policies, including ensuring Chinese Communist Party leadership over all forms of work in China, The Chinese Communist Party should take a peoplecentric approach to the public interest, The continuation of "comprehensive deepening of reforms", Adopting new science-based ideas for

Foreign Direct Investment - Net Inflows (Last 25 years) Source :www.tradingeconomics. com/central bank of Sri Lanka (2020)

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"innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development" Some of the policies of his Nobel thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era include following "socialism with Chinese characteristics" with "people as masters of the country" and Governing China with the Rule of Law. Another distinct policy is to establish a common destiny between Chinese people and other people around the world with a "peaceful international environment". Building and developing a world-class city for South Asia positioning Sri Lanka would strengthen the Chinese and Sri Lankan peoples' common destiny. The president's Thought on diplomacy also led to creating a peaceful international environment by strengthening and building bilateral relationships with neighboring and distant neighboring countries across the world.

kj Ökfha f;dá,a, fyj;a Ökfha brKu ;SrKh l< ISndhsfmda (Xibaipo 西柏坡镇)

—tlai;alu hkq Yla;shhs" th hlv yd jdfka ;rï Yla;su;ah˜ hkqfjka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdfõ m%Odk f,alï iy Ök uOHu hqO yuqod fldñIka iNdfõ iNdm;s" Ök ckdêm;s IS cskamsx uy;d fï jif¾ fmnrjdrs udifhaos mejiqfõh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha jir ishhl b;sydih ;=, mlaIh tlai;aj ck;djg jvd fyd| cSú;hla ,ndoSug mshjr .;a w;r ISndhsfmda (Xibaipo) mokï lr.;a jeishkag fï .ek .eUqre wjfndaOhla we;snjo m%ldY lf<ah' Ök ckdêm;s IS cskamsx uy;d fuu woyia m%ldY lf<a yfnhs m<df;a ISndhsfmda k.rfha Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI iudcslhka wu;ñkah'—óg jir 72 lg fmr tlai;alu hkq

Yla;shhs hk úma,jjdoS .S;h .dhkd lrk ,oafoa fuu .fïos" th rfÜ fiiq m%foaY j,g;a jHdma; jqkd' úma,jjdoS yeÕSï we;s lsrsug;a tla whl= f,i fjfyi uykais ú jev lsrsug fukau oßø;djh ÿre lsrsug;a mlaI idudcslhka ISndhsfmd .ïjeishka Wkkaÿ lsÍu .ek uu udf.a ia;+;sh mqo lrñ' ISndhsfmda .u hkq l=ulaoehs oeka Tng jegys hkq we;ehs is;ñ' Ñkfha oejeka; ixj¾Okhg Rcqju j.ù ;sfnkafka f,dj n,j;a fukau jeäu idudðl ixLHdjla isák foaYmd,k mlaIh jk Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhhs' wo jkúg ngysr wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k n, wr.,h yuqfõ Yla;su;aj Rcq m%;sm;a;shl isg wdishdkQ

l,dmfha oejeka; fhdaOfhl= fia Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh ngysßka yud tk wjia:djd§ l=Kdgq yuqfõ fkdfi,a ù ish .uka uf.a ishjeks ie;mqï lKqj miqlrñka isá' w;soejeka; N+ñh" udkj yd iajdNdúl iïm;a jeks ixj¾Ok fmdaImod¾: j,ska wkQk Ökh f,dj n,j;au rdcH nj" fï jk úg wújdofhka hq;=j ms<s.kakd ldrKhls' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a 2030 ;sridr ixj¾Okh i|yd jq kHdh m;%fha kshñ; ld, igykg jvd jir oyhlg fmr oßø;djh wju lsßfï b,lalh imqrd .ksñka —wka; oßø;djh˜ wjika lsÍfï ks, ksfõokh miq.shod Ök rdcH iNdm;s IS ðkamsx uy;d úiska m%ldYhg m;a lf<ah'

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Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha" uOHu ldrl iNdfõ yd uyck úuqla;s yuqod uq,ia:dkh wdrïNl ia:dkh jq —ISndhsfmda˜ .fï ixpdrh lsÍug wjia:djla ud yg ,enqKs' ISndhsfmda .ïudkh yfnhs m<df;a ISðhdpqjka (Shijiazhunag) k.rfha" msxYdka fldar<fha msysgd ;sfí' fuu .ug msgqmiska msysá l÷nEjqu ihsm%ia YdLj,ska msÍ we;s ksid tu f;areu we;s —ISndhsfmda˜ hk ku ,eî ;sfí' iqkaor fl;aj;=" o¾YkSh l÷ ;eks;,d" c,dY fuu .ïudkh wjg j¾Kj;a lrhs' ISðhdpqjka k.rfha isg lsf,dañgr 90la fyj;a ie;mqï 56la ÿßka fuu .ïudkh msysgd ;sfí' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdfõ iy uyck úuqla;s yuqodfõ wdrïNl uQ,ia:dkh fuu .ïudkfha msysgq ùug uq,sl jQ m%Odk idOl lsysmhls' W;=re Ök ;eks;,dfõ ;dhsydka l÷lrfha msysgd we;s ISndhsfmda .ïudkh wYaj lr;a; yeve;s fødaKsfha me;s ;=klska jgù we;s w;r wfkla mi l÷ iy c,dY msysgd ;sfí' ;jÿrg;a ú.%yd l<fyd;a" kef.kysr uOHu yfnhs ;eks;,djg yd ngysßka ;dhsydka lkaog uqyqK,d ISðhdpqjka k.rfha isg lsf,da ógr 90la ÿßka msysgd ;sfí' fï wkqj ISndhsfmda .ïudkh wdrlaIdj w;ska w;sYh jeo.;afõ' myiqfjka .ïudkhg we;=¿úh yels kuq;a ia:dk.;ù .ïudkhg i;=re m%ydr t,a, lsÍu wmyiqh' wdydr yd wfkl=;a iemhqï b;d myiqfjka imhd .ekSug yels w;r, ;sßÕ= iy iy,a nyq,j ;sfí' ikaksfõok myiqjo fuu .ïudkfha isg b;d iQlaIu whqßka isÿl, yelsh' tfukau fuu .ïudkfha jeishkaf.a

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wdl,amuh fjkio, fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdj yd uyck úuqla;s yuqod m%:u uQ,ia:dkh msysgqùug n,mE wfkla idOlhls' ta wkqj" 1946 isg 1949 olajd jir y;rl ld,hla Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uQ,ia:dkh f,i ISndhsfmda .ïudkh Ndú;d lr we;' 1947 § Ök úuqla;s wr.,fha§ Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu l%shdldß ldrl iNdfõ iy uyck úuqla;s yuqodfõ wdrïNl uQ,ia:dkh f,i ISndhsfmda .ïudkfha msysgqùug uQ,sl;ajh .;af;a ,shQ IdfjdÑ iy pQ ; hk kdhlhkah' 1948 § ud´ fia;=x" pQ tka,dhs" frka îIS úiska Ñk úuqla;s yuqodfõ uQ,ia:dkho" ta jkúg;a ISndhsfmda yS msysgqjd ;snQ mlaIfha uOHu l%shdldÍ lñgqjg iïnkaO lrk ,§' ISndhsfmda .ïudkhg msúfik úg WoHdkfha oel.kakg ,efnkafka iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x" pQ tka,dhs" ,shQ Id´ls" pQv iy frka îIS hk kdhlhkaf.a mQ¾K ldh ksrEmKh jk ms<su myls' Ök úuqla;s igfka mQ¾K úia;r oek.kakg yelshdj ,efnkafka ISndhsfmda yS msysá wkqiaurK

Yd,dfjks' äðg,a yd mer‚ iaudrl tys olakg ,efnk w;r tuÕska" fuu .ïudkh yd iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x m%uqL kdhlhkaf.a úuqla;s igfka fndfyda f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSug yelsh' ISndhsfmda uQ,ia:dkfha§" wo wms olsk Ökhg n,mE w;sYhska jeo.;a ;skaÿ ;SrK /ila f.k we;' ud´ fia;=x yd Tyqf.a yuqod wKfok ks,Odßkaf.ka ieÿï,;a ia:djr lñgqj uÕska cd;sl bvï iïfï,kh yryd Ökfha bvï kS;sfha o< igyka wkqu; lrk ,§' fuu kS;sh iïu; lsßu;a iu. iuia; Ökfhau f.dùkag ;u bvïj, iajhx whs;sh we;snj wjfndaO úh' tuÕska iuia; f.dù ck;djf.a iyh iNdm;s ud´ fia;=xf.a úuqla;s yuqod wkd.; wfmalaIdjg ,nd.ekSug wjia:dj Wodlr .;af;ah' tf;la jy,a udkisl;ajfhka isá f.dú ck;dj bvï ysñ f.dúka njg is;kakg úh' fuh Ök f.dú ck;dj úuqla;s igkg iyNd.slrjd .ekSug wdl,amuh jYfhka jeo.;a jQ ls%hdjls' fï ksid ISndhsfmda yS isg ie<iqïl,

Ñk úuqla;s yuqodfõ m%Odk ix.%du ;=k jk ,sfhdaIdka (Liaoshan)" yqjdhsyhs (Huaihai), iy ðkamska (Jing Pin) i|yd f.dùkaf.a iyh ,enq‚' flfia fj;;a 1949 ud¾;= 23 jk Èk Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdj iy uyck úuqla;s yuqod uQ,ia:dkh ISndhsfmda .ïudkfhka bj;a ù fnhsðx fj; f.k .sfhah' kj Ökfha ke.sàu t;eka isg wdrïN úh' ISndhsfmda yS wkqiaurK Yd,dfõ we;s f;dr;=re j,g wkqj" Ñk fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uOHu ldrl iNdj yd uyck úuqla;s yuqod uQ,ia:dkh bj;aj .sh

miq .ïudkh msxIdka fldar< wdKavqj ^1958 isg msxIdka fldar<h& fj; Ök rch .;a ;SrKhlg wkqj mjrd fok ,§' Ök rch isÿl, lghq;= j,g wkqj ISndhsfmda .ïudkfha úma,ùh iaudrl" 1955 § yfnhs m<d;a wdKavqj uÕska ixialD;sl ia:dk wdrlaId lsÍug iu.dój ISndhsfmda ys úma,jfha w;s; iygyka oelafjk wkqiaurK Yd,dj bÈlrk ,§' wmg wo

oelsh yelsjkafka tu wkqiaurK Yd,djhs' flfia fj;;a 1958§" .kakka c,dY ixrlaIs;hg fldgila fjka lsÍu fya;=fjka Ñk fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu lñgq mer‚ Yd,dj fjk;a ia:dkhlg ^Bg iq¿ ÿrlg& f.k hk ,§' 1982 ud¾;= ui 11 jk Èk Ök rdcH ljqkais,h uÕska Isndhsfmda yS Ñk fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu lñgqj msysgjQ ia:dkh yd wjg ia:dk cd;sl ixialD;sl wdrlaIK ia:dkhla f,i iq/lSug kS;s iïmdokh lrk ,§' ta wkqj j¾. óg¾ 391"800l ixialD;sl Wreu ia:dk yd j¾. óg¾ 1"333"200l iajdNdúl Wreu ia:dk cd;sl

Wreu f,i kïlrk ,§' wog;a tu ia:dk oel .ekSug yels ù ;sfnkafka fuf,i cd;sl Wreu f,i kïlsÍu ksidh' 1976 uehs ui 26 jeks Èk Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdfõ 30 jk ixj;airh ieuÍu i|yd ISndhsfmda yS mlaIfha tod ;snQ uOHu ldrl iNdj msysá merŒ ia:dkh wi, ISndhsfmda m%o¾Yk Yd,dj msysgqjk ,§' uyck Ök úuqla;s

yuqodj ISndhsfmda fj; meñŒu iksgqyka lrñka kj Ökh fuys isg meñfKa hk w¾:h iys;j wLKavj jir myla tkï" 1993"1996"1998"2003 iy 2009 cd;sl m%o¾Ykhka fuys mj;ajk ,§' 1998 § Ökfha by,u cd;sl m%o¾Yk oyhg fuu m%o¾Ykho we;=<;a lr 2003-2004 fyd|u cd;sl oi m%o¾Yk úfYaI iïudkho ISndhsfmda m%o¾Yk Yd,djg ysñúh' tu iïudk mjd wo tu Yd,dfõ ;ekam;afldg ;sfí' ud´ fia;=x" pQ tka,dhs" ,shq Id´ls pQv yd frkaìIS ish úuqla;s wr.,h ms<sn|j ie,iqï ilialrñka jir 4lg wdikak ld,hla Tjqka b;d fjfyildÍ ðú;hla fuu .ïudkfha .;lr we;' .fvd,a' l¿.,a yd oej fhdod bÈlrk ,o jvd fkdjqia jQ l=vd ksjdi yd Bg hdn|j ld¾hd, ldur iys;j wju jYfhka mqgq fïi we;=¿ ,S .Dy NdKav fuu ksjdi j, Ndú;d lr we;' iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x Ndú;d l< ,shk fïih ´la,Sfhka ilid we;s w;r" l=vd mqgqjlao wog;a olskakg we;' fuu m%foaYfha jd¾ISl WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYl 12'5-13 w;r mj;sk neúka fndfyda úg úuqla;;s wr.,fha kdhlhka yd idudðlhka ks;r f;a yd fldams mdkh lrñka ÿïmdkh lr ;sfí' m%o¾Yk Yd,dfõ we;s ud´ fia;=x m%uqL kdhlhka úuqla;s wr.,fha N=f.da,Sh ie,iqï idlÉPd lrk wdldrh oelafjk ms<suj, iS; we÷ï we| isák w;r isÕ/Üo we;ful=f.aa weÕs,s;=vqj, r|jdf.k isák m%;sud olskakg ,efí' Ök fldñhqksia mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdfõ uOHu l%shdldß lñgqj yd uyck úuqla;s yuqodfõ uQ,ia:dkh Isndhsfmda ys msysgQùfuka wk;=rej tu

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m%foaYfha ck;dj iuÕ iyfhda. fhka lghq;= lsÍug mlaI kdhlhkag yelsúh' úfYaIfhkau bvïj, whs;sh f.dùka i;=ùu" jyd,aNdjfhka ñ§u jeks fya;=ldrKd ksid ck;dj kj kdhlhkaf.a woyia yd fm<Uùï j,g wjk; úh' th mlaIfha bÈß l%shdud¾. j,g n,mEfõh' 1949 ud¾;= ui 05 jkod isg 13 jkod olajd fuu .ïudkfha§ mj;ajk ,o" Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha fojk mQ¾K ieis jdrh b;d jeo.;a úh' l=fjdañxgeka (Kuomintang) ms<g tfrysj mej;s úma,ùh wr.,h ch.%yKh lsÍug fudfyd;lg fmr tu ieish meje;aùuo tu jeo.;alug fya;=jls' fuysÈ iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x fojk mQ¾K ieisjdrhg jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lrñka" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha mYapd;a ch.%dys l%shdldrlï flfrys wjOdkh fhuq lrñka lshd isáfha —ksrdhqO i;=rka iy iSks wdjrKh l< WKav˜ j,ska wdrlaId ùfï jeo.;alu jgyd .;hq;= njhs' ksrdhqO i;=rka hkqfjka ud´ fia;=x woyia lrkakg we;af;a" Rcqju i;=rka f,i fmks isákakka fkdjk nj;a" —iSks wjrKh l< WKav˜ hkqfjka Tyq woyia lrkakg we;af;a úsma,ùh

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igfka§" we;eï i;=rka fkdjk f,i fmkS isàfuka i;=rkaf. msf<a ch.%dyKhg" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg Wmfoia fokakka ms<sn|j úh yelsh' miqld,Skj fï nj jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha 90 jk ixj;airh fjkqfjka fvúÜ n¾g%¾ï (David Bartram) úiska rÑ; ,smshla uÕsks' flfia fj;;a miq ld,hl§ fvx Ishdx´ msx úiska meje;a jq foaYkj,È Tyq m%ldY lr ;snqfKa 1949 miqj fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh b;d l%shdYS,s jQ njhs' tfukau fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha fuu l%shdYS,s;ajh fya;=fjka l=fjdañxgeka (Kuomintang) fldgig ydkS jq njhs' 1949 ud¾;= ui mej;s mQ¾K ieis jdrfha§ Ök uyck foaYmd,k WmfoaYk iuq¿j (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) m%cd;ka;%jdÈ mlaIh iuÕ idlÉPd lsÍug ;srKh úh' Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha nqoaëu;a kdhl;ajh hgf;a iy Ök cd;slhkaf.a taldnoaO W;aiyfhka Ökh fï jk úg úYsIaG ch.%yK rdYshka ,nd we;' fuu ch.%yKj,g uQ,sl wä;d,u" Ñk fldñhqksiaÜ

mlaIfha uOHu ldrl iNdfõ fojk cd;sl ieish yd cd;sl bvï iuq¿j mej;s Isndhsfmda .ïudkh nj;a tysÈ kdhl;ajh .;a Ök kdhlhkaf.a wkd.; Ökh ms<sn|j ÿgq isyskhhs' ukao" Isndhsfmda hkq —kj Ñkfha f;dá,a,˜ iy —Ökfha brKu ;SrKh l< .ïudkh˜ hkqfjka y÷kajkafka ta ksidh' ud we;=¿j Y%S ,xld ñ;% lKavdhu Isndhsfmda .ïudkh ixpdrh lrk w;r ;=r fuu .ïudkfha úma,ùh igka fufyhjQ Ökfha úYsIaG kdhlhka jQ iNdm;s ud´ fi;=x" fpda tka,dhs" ,shq Idfjdals" IQ o jeks kdhlhkaf.a Ôjk mßirh oel wm mqÿu jqfKuq' f,dj uy oejeka; úma,jhla isÿ l< fuu kdhlhka ish ðú;h w;sYh lgql f,i f.jd ouñka wkd.; Ñkh fjkqfjka l< wr.,h iuia; wdishdjgu wvïnrhls" wo¾Yhls' f,dj úYd,;u úma,jhg iïnkaO jq Ök fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh wo olajd meñ‚ .uk wm is;k ;rï iqkaor fkdjQ nj fuysÈ wmg oel .ekSug yels úh' úma,ùh kdhlhkaf.a ksjdi b;d l=vd jQ w;r" wju iyiqlï ;snq‚' .ïudkfha fiiq f.dùkaf.a ksjdi

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uOqYdka l=,r;ak madushancri@gmail.com chinamirrorsl@yahoo.com

Learning is the bow while competence is the arrow. President Xi Jinping Governance of China

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development of china and CPC My visits in China and the experience I gained on the development under the CPC

of China under CPC, as I had the opportunity to spend two weeks in China.

Being one of the greatest nations in the world, China has contributed immensely to the world, within the history of more than 5000 years. Although the Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys, anyone who travels to China can still witness their proud history.

Beijing, the capital city of China is a very extraordinary place to visit. The population in Beijing was well over 10 million in 2001 which has become over 20 million today. The people there were very friendly, and they were extremely proud of their country. Most of the National Congresses of CPC was held in Beijing. When I visited Beijing, I had the opportunity to visit many important places inclusing Great Hall of the People, Tiananmen Square ,The Forbidden City, Imperial Palace, Summer Palace, Temple of Haven and Lama Temple etc. The city of Beijing has a large historical importance. I saw the way that China protect its historical and cultural world heritages under the policies of CPC.

My friendship with China was started in 1978, when I became a listener of Radio Peking programs broadcast from China. At the beginning from Radio Peking, then from Radio Beijing and later through China Radio International, we in Sri Lanka had the opportunity to get to know about the China and Communist Party of China very well through China’s International Radio station. 1978 was a very special year for Chinese people too, as this was the year the China initiated its reforms and open policy. As an Advanced Level student, I studied about these changes very carefully. In 2001, I was able to witness the economic development

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It is commendable that the Communist Party of China worked tirelessly to secure the unity of China and to end imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism and to contribute in poverty alleviation of people which helped China

to rise like a giant. Over the past few years, I have had the opportunity to visit many cities in China representing Association for Sri Lanka-China Social & Cultural Cooperation (ASLCSCC). In 2013 when I visited Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, I saw the economic progress that China has gained over the years. There I saw many skyscrapers which reveals the glory of Chinese architecture and building technology. It became clear to me during this visit that sustainable development is taking place in China and also the developing structure of Five Year Plan under the leadership of CPC. During this visit my interpreters always explained about rapid development in China. They explained that the “Chinese government has been guided by the Chinese Communist Party. The Party has been guided by Marxism – Leninism, Great Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the three represent theory and scientific outlook on development”. Thus, the development of

the China has moved in the right direction, according to a systematic plan. Since 1949, The Chinese Communist Party has formed the Chinese economy and foreign policy through the sessions of its Central Committee and National Congress. Planning is the key characteristic of the People’s Republic of China. China’s Five-Year Plans have been the most important documents, which guided to their future economic and social development. As we know the present Chinese President Xi Jinping is guiding the country with the concept of Socialism with Chinese characteristics for New Era. We also had the opportunity to visit Shanghai, the China’s premier industrial city, and visited major factories which reflect the modern technology there. We also had the opportunity to climb Shanghai Tower. We were fascinated by the museum too. I had a lot of unique experiences in 2017, during my visits to Jinan & Beijing. During this visits, We have seen the beautiful and large buildings which were constructed for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games . The CPC pays high attention to sports in China as well as youth affairs. The President and CPC General Secretary Xi Jinping addressing the youth, once said that “If the youth are prosperous, the country is prosperous. If the youth are strong, the country is strong.” In 2019, the Chinese State Council issued a memo with the advice of the Chinese Communist Party, describing the current plans to improve

the sports sector in China. According to that memo the main points highlighted there were focusing on fitness for teenagers, elders, disabled people and farmers, build more venues for exercise, more support for developing and manufacturing sporting goods and equipment’s, tax relief for companies in the sports industry and increased international sport exchange etc During my visit to Kunming, Chengdu, Nanning, Guilin and Beijing in 2017, I got the opportunity to spend a lot of time with the Chinese people. I was able to visit Stone Forest in Kunming and Panda bases in Sichuan . Chinese government has taken many initiatives to protect giant pandas. China’s ruling Communist Party continuously provide the necessary political support to preserve these gifts of nature. In 2018 I have visited Guangdong Public Diplomacy Week in Guangzhou and gained much knowledge about reform and opening policy of South China. During this visit, we were able to visit the famous Canton Tower and several foreign invested factories in Shenzhen and Canton. Guangdong is home to telecom giants – Huawei, Tencent and ZTE as well as Lenovo, TCL, BYD, DJI, IBM, BGI have set up its manufacturing plants also in the province. We had the opportunity to visit the Tencent, Hytera and DJI production companies. In 2019, I have visited Xining, where I had a different experience. It was the highest

place I have ever visited in my life. It is a very beautiful city which The significant economic growth of China today is driven by well-planned economic policy of CPC. They have a foreign policy based on Five principals of peaceful coexistence. China’s Belt and Road initiative, unveiled in 2013, provides many countries with a unique opportunity to develop their infrastructures and trade. It’s provided economic assistance to more than 120 developing countries including Sri Lanka as well. This massive project aims to connect Asia, Europe, The Middle East and Africa with a vast logistics and transport network, using roads, airports, railway tracks, ports, pipelines, transnational electric grids and even fibre optic lines. The China is marching towards the highest place of economy in the world. As far as I believe, the marvellous development in China has been obtained due to the dedication of the Communist Party of China. Furthermore, the dedication and devotion of the general public have contributed in the national progress My every visits to China has given me a big picture of the Social and Economic development of the country under the leadership and policies of Communist Party of China.

Aruna S. Hapuarachchi

hapuarachchias@yahoo.com

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Association for Sri LankaChina Social & Cultural Cooperation Always with CPC ASLCSCC organized 1000-signature banner to celebrate the 90th Anniversary of CPC in June 2011. Hon.Alavi Moulana , Governor of Western Province ,Sri Lanka kept the first signature to the banner.

ASLCSCC presented a banner with signatures by 1,000 Sri Lankans as a gift to celebrate the CPC’s 90th founding anniversary.

ASLCSCC organized a meeting and felicitation ceremony at the Embassy of Sri Lanka in Beijing 0n 23rd June 2011. Chief Guest was Hon.Alavi Moulana , Former Minister and Governor of Western Province,Sri Lanka. Mr.Feng Zukou (Vice President-CPAFFC), Professor Yang Xueyi (Chairman and Party Secretary of Beijing Foreign Studies University) and Mr.K.D.S Ruwanchandra (Minister Counsellor of Sri Lanka Embassy in China ) were presented at the ceremony.

ASLCSCC delegation headed by Hon.Rajitha Senarathne visited August 1st Nanchang Uprising memorial site in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.

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A delegation of International Department of Central Committee of Communist Party of China (IDCPC) visited Colombo and held a seminar to understand more about China and CPC. The event organized by ASLCSCC ,supported by the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China.(21st May 2018-Kingsbury Hotel)). Main topics- 1.40 years of China's reform and opening up, 2.Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, 3. Party Building of Chinese Communist Party, 4. Belt and Road Initiative

ASLCSCC delegations visited the Former Site of China's First National Congress in Shanghai.

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ASLCSCC organized a seminar to introduce the new leadership of CPC to the public. Mr.Ren Faqian, Deputy Head of the mission of the Embassy of China in Sri Lanka was the keynote speaker.

ASLCSCC members visited Xibaipo memorial site. The Xibaipo Memorial Hall is located in Hebei's Pingshan County. It was selected as the command center for the liberation of China and the preparation of new China. It was an important CPC base.

An ASLCSCC delegation visited International Department of CPC (IDCPC) and listened to a speech on Reform and Opening Policy of China by Hon. Ai Ping ,Vice Minister of IDCPC .

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Lester Rupasinghe

Voice of Sri Lanka- China Friendship 斯里兰卡中国友谊之声

Indrananda Abeysekara Executive Editor

Madushan Kularathne Editor in Chief

ADVISORS

K.D.S.Ruwanchandra Secretary to the State Ministry of Cooperative Services, Marketing Development and Consumer Protection

Prof D.A.C Suranga De Silva Professor in Tourism Economics at the University of Colombo

CHINA MIRROR SPECIAL ISSUE TO CELEBRATE THE 100th ANNIVERSARY OF COMMIUNIST PARTY OF CHINA

EDITORIAL BOARD Indrananda Abeysekara

Mahendra Wijethunga

Madushan Kularathne

Ministry of Education (Western Province) Treasurer – ASLCSCC

Friendship Ambassador (China) President - ASLCSCC

Senior Journalist Asst. Secretary - ASLCSCC

Nandasena Madawanarachchi

Photojournalist Asst. Secretary – ASLCSCC

Nishantha Wickramasinghe

H.A.S.Hapuarachchi

S.A.S.S.P. Kurukulasuriya Entrepreneur Secretary General – ASLCSCC

Lester Rupasinghe

Deputy Director

IT Consultant Asst. Secretary – ASLCSCC

Commissioner Inland Revenue Department, Vice President – ASLCSCC

Daya Sri Narendra Rajapaksa

Rasanga Harischandra

Senior Journalist Executive Committee Member ASLCSCC

Attorney-at-law Vice-President, ASLCSCC

Deputy Director General Education (Retired) National Organizer – ASLCSCC

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Warm Greetings to the Communist Party of China

向中国共产党致以诚挚的问候!

" The Communist Party of China is the most successful political party in the world and has set an example for political parties all over the world in serving the people and achieving national development." President- ASLCSCC

“中国共产党是世界上最成功的政党它为世界各国政党在服务人民实现国家发展等方面都作出了表率” 斯中社会文化合作协会会长

Association for Sri Lanka-China Social & Cultural Cooperation D30 Matha Road, Manning Town, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka Tel: +94 11 269 5772, 071 492 5151 Email: chinamirrorsl@yahoo.com 100 | Ök levm; 镜像中国 China Mirror

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