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DR. K.N.MODI UNIVERSITY NEWAI (JAIPUR) RAJSTHAN (INDIA)
www.dknmu.org
Established by th Govt. of Rjasthan, under Dr. K.N.Modi University Act.(Act No 8 of 2010) & approved by UGC under section 2(f ) of UGC Act, (1956)
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School of Architecture Financial Accounting,Retail Dr. K. N. Modi University is Management, Banking & an approved center for Finance National aptitude Test for MBA Architecture (NATA) Marketing, HRM,Finance, BCA MCA IT, Retail Management & B.Com M.Com International Business (Pass Course &
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DR. KEDARNATH MODI FOUNDATION www.knmodifoundation.org 26 Campuses 36,000 Students
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UNIGOAL INT. EDU. CONSULTANCY MURALI CHOWK, JANAKPUR
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dlxg] tflnd lnO;s]sf] s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …;u/dfyf r9\gsf nflu rflxg] zf/Ll/s cEof;sf] sfd cem} afFsL 5, dfgl;s cEof;sf] k" /} sfd ;lsPsf] 5Ú s] ;Ln] eGg' eof] …cfpFbf] cu:6af6 nfª6fªdf #! lbgsf] tflnd x'Fb}5 .Ú s];Lsf] ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf kf;fª 6]G8L z]kf{n] ;3fpg] x'g'ePsf] 5 . To:t} k"j{cEof; / ljleGg tflndsf] nflu kf]v/fdf /x]sf] OGSNo'hg ODkfj/d]G6 ;]G6/n]
;xof ] u u l//x] s f ] s] ; L n] atfpg'eof] . s];LnfO{ cd]l/sL gful/s Sn]kmn] klg ;3fPsf 5g\ . ;fdfGo JolQmeGbf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ ;u/dfyf r9\g a9L vr{ nfUg] x'bF f cfkm\gf] vr{ a9L x'g] s];Ln] atfpg'eof] . s];Ln] ;u/dfyf r9\g] cfkm\gf] of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ Ps nfv 8n/ vr{ x'g] atfpg'eof] . ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k"/f ePdf rfF8f]df ;g\ @)!$ leq} / l9nfdf @)!% sf] h'g dlxgfleq} ;u/dfyf r9\g] s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
åGå Joj:yfkgdf gofF kf7Øqmd …g]kfndf aofgAa] nfv o'jfo'jtL nfu'cf}ifw k|of]ustf{Ú
eQmk'/ , !^ c;f/ . dxfgu/Lo k|x /L cfo'Qm PcfOhL gj/fh 9sfnn] g] kfndf clxn] sl/a (@ nfv o'jfo'jtL Nffu'cf}ifwsf k|o f] ustf{ /x] sf atfpg' ePsf] 5 . cfh eQmk' / df ;fd' b flos ljsf ; tyf ;] j f s] G b| / ;fd' bflos k| x /L ;] jf s] Gb| uf3/sf] ;+ o ' Qm cfof] h gfdf ul/Psf] nfu' c f} i fw lj?4sf] k| lzIf0f uf] i7Lsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ 9sfnn] cfkm\g f] 5/l5d]sdf hgr] t gfd" n s sfo{ qmd ub} { cfkm\ g f slnnf ;GtfgnfO{ nf u ' cf } if wsf ] s' n t a f 6 hf]u fpg'k g] {df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
k+= z+s/frfo{
s/frfo{ d]if M vfglkgdfk+= z+Vofn ug'{ j[if M ;fyLsf] ;xof]u ldy'g M k'/fgf] ;fyL ;+u e]6
a}7sdf pkl:yt clwsf+z af]8{ ;b:ox?n] af] 8 { sf k| :tfljt sfo{qmd a9L ah]6d'vL ePsf] eGb} k| e fjsf/L / pknlAwd" n s sfo{qmd x'gk' g]d{ f hf]8 lbPsf lyP eg] s]xL ;b:ox?n] ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;df nufgL ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnf dGqfnon] rf;f] glbPsf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ af]8{sf cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdLn] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd ;a} k"/f ug{ g;lsg] eP klg s]xL sfo{ qmdx? ;xsf/L ahf/ Joj:yfkg, ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;h:tf sfo{qmd dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] eGb} o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nf lu k | f y ldst f lbg' k g] { atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] s'g If]qdf nufgL ubf{ pknlAwd"ns x'G5 To;cg';f/sf] af]8n{ ] of]hgf sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 lgwf{/0f ul/g']{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . cWoIf /]UdLn] af]8{n] Ps}k6s w]/} If] q df xf txfNbf p knlAw k l/0f f dd' v L gx' g ] eGb} p knlAwd" n s of ] h gf nf O{
;n f{ x L
;nf{xL c:ktfn laB't k|flws/0f bdsn PDj' n]G;-/]8 qm;_ b'/ ;+rf/ dd{t lh= k|zf;g sf lh= vfg]kfgL lh=k|=sf dn+ujf O k|x/L sf= xl/jg O k|x/L sf= xl/k'/ O k|x/L sf= a/xyjf O k|x/L sf= O{Zj/k'/ lh 6«f sf gjnk'/
;z:q k| an ;nf{xL SofDk; b ;xf/f PDa'n]G;
hfgsL nh
;dfhdf nfu'cf}ifw k|of]ustf{n] c? sf ] nx nx} df n f u ] / nfu' cf}ifwsf] k|of]u ug]{ ePsfn] cf k m \ g f ; Gt f gx ?s f ] lqmofsnfkdf klg cleefjsn] lgu/fgL /fVg'k g] { pNn] v ub} { 9sfnn] pgLx?sf] cfgLafgL / b} l gs lqmofsnfkdf ;d] t lgu /fgL u g{ h?/L /x] s f] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfo{ qmddf dxfgu/Lo k| x /L kl/;/ eQmk '/sf k|x/L pk/LIfs lbnLks'df/ rf}w /Ln] eQmk' / df !@ b] l v @* jif{ pd] / ;d"x sf df lg; nfu' c f} i fwsf] s' n tdf nfu] sf] atfpg' e of] .
sLlt{ k' /, !^ c;f/ . lqe' jg ljZjljBfnodf åGå Joj:yfkgdf :gftsf]Q/ txsf] cWofkg u/fp'b} cfPsf] åGå Joj:yfkg s]Gb|Lo ljefun] pQm ljifodf o;} z}lIfs jif{bl] v gof' kf7Øqmd nfu" ul/g] ePsf] 5 . gj]{ ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf gf]/f8 kl/of] h gfcGtu{ t b' O { jif{ ;dofjlwsf] :gftsf]Q/ sfo{qmd cfufdL % z}lIfs jif{sf nflu :jLs[t ePsf] åGå Joj:yfkg s]Gb|Lo ljefusf k|d'v k|f 8f x]d/fh ;'jb] Ln] atfpg'eof] . gof' kf7Øqmdcg'; f/ ljZjdf ePsf åGåsf] cWoogsf ;fy} g]kfn, >Lnª\sf, kfls:tfg tyf ckmuflg:tfgdf /x]sf åGåx?sf] ;'Id ta/af6 cWofkg u/fOg] pxfF n ] hfgsf/L u/fpg' e of]
dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x? %@)!## %@!%^) %@)))) %@)!(% !(* %@)!&& %@)!$* %@))(( %#)%!! ^@)#))
%$)#$! ^()@!& %&)#!% %@!!#% %@)#&# %@))!@ %@!@()
w g' i ff
cr+n c:ktfn wg'iff c:ktfn lh=k|=sf= hgkf bdsn ;z:q k| an PDa'n]G;–/]8qm; ;'/Iff u'Nd a}/]s Po/kf]6{ hgsk'/ /]Nj] cf+vf c:ktfn ljB't km\oFh zfvf a'4 Po/ otL Po/nfOG; uf]/vf Po/ /]l8of] dw]z
%@))## %@%*)) %@))(( %@))!! %@&@!# !)@ %@^%*^ %@))$$ %@)@!! %@)#(& %@)!%! %@^@($ %@))$* %@^@($ %@*@)&
dxf] Q /L
.sfo{qmdcg'?k Ps z}lIfs jif{sf nflu :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL %) hgf ljBfyL{x? ;xefuL u/fOg]5 . ;g\ @))& b]lv g] kfndf åGå Joj:yfkgdf :gftsf]Q/ cWoog u/fOFb} cfOPsfdf rfF8} g} :gfts txdf pQm ljifosf] cWofkg u/fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . ljefuLo k|d'v ;'j]bLsf cg';f/ ljefusf] sLlt{k'/df lgdf{0ffwLg ejgsf] lgdf{ 0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 :gfts txdf klg cWoog ;'? ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
klqsf dfu]/ xf]Og, lsg]/ k9f}+ . /f} t x6
lh k|x/L sf= k|x/L sfG6f]n lhNnf c:ktfn af?0f ofGq PDa' n]G;
lh k|x/L sf=
l5Gd:tfu0f alb{af;%@(^!( b ;xf/f PDa'n]G; %@)^&&
b ;xf/f PDa'n]G; %@!$!%
%@)!(( %@)))( %@))&) %@))(& %@)!)) ljB't kmo'h zfvf %@))^^ %@)!^^ e+;f/ sfo{no %@!!$@ u0f]z o'jf sld6 %@^#^) le7fdf]8 k| rf}sL %@)@)( Ok|sf alb{af; %%%))^ Ok|sf uf}znf %@($)#
lh=6flkms rk'/ c:ktfn bdsn laB't /]8qm; e+;f/ sfo{no O k| sf rk'/ Ok|sf= u8'/f Ok|sf= u+uflkk/f g]kfn 6]lnsd
%@)!&& %@)!(( %$)!(( %@)#@* %@)#@$ %@)@&^ %@)!$! %@)@!) %@()!# %^%!(( ^()!)) %@)@@@
uf}/ gu/kflnsf %@)@($
dw]z kf]i6
@)&) c;f/ !& ut], ;f]djf/
#
zflGt ;ldltsf] d]nldnfk sfo{qmd ;DkGg afl9 lkl8tsf] nfuL %$ xhf/ ;+sng
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !^ c;f/ . ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;dGJodf 4Gb Go"gLs/0f tyf d]nldnfk sfo{qmddf cfOtjf/ ;nf{xLsf] dn+ujfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . zflGt ;ldltsf] sfof{no dn+ujf ;nf{ x Ln] cfof] h gf u /] s f] sfo{qmddf 4Gb Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu s] s:tf pkfox? ckgfpg
;lsG5 To;af/]df ;xeflux?n] cf-cfkm\gf] dgTJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .;fy} sfof{no k|d'v s]bf/ sfkm\n]n] sfof{non] xfn ;Dd u/]sf] ultljwL, ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfdx?, /fxt k|fKtL, k'g{ lgdf{0fsf] sfdx?sf] k|ult ljj/0f ;d]t k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd zflGt ;ldltsf ;+of]hs ejfgL sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftf tyf
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /fdflwg ofbjsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L pk/LIfs df]xg l;+x s];L, lzIf f clwsf /L /f hs' d f/ ljZjsdf{, afn tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nosf k|dv ' lg? nIdL >]i7, ljleGg u} / ;/sf/L ;+ :yfsf k|l tlgwL tyf ;+r f/sdL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !^ c;f/ . af9L kLl8tsf nflu ;xof]u ;+sng ug{] kf6L{sf] b]zJofkL cleofg cGtu{t g]kfnL sfFu|];n] ;nf{xLsf nfnaGbL / /fgLu+hdf ;+sng u/]sf] ;xof]u /sd cfOtjf/ s]lGb|o sld6Ldf a'emfPsf] 5 . sfFu;|] sf] nfnaGbL ufpF sld6Ln] ;+sng u/]sf] %$ xhf/ ((!
?k}ofF tyf /fgLu+h ufpF sld6Ln] ;+ sng u/] sf] % xhf/ ?k}o fF cfOtjf/ 5'6\6f 5'6\6} sfo{qmd u/L sfFu];| sf ;+u7g ljefu k|dv ' cfgGbk|;fb 9+'ufgfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] .laxfg nfnaGbLdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf ufpF ;efklt s[i0f bfxfnn] tyf lbpF;f] /fgLu+h df ePsf] sfo{ qmddf ToxfF sf kf6L{ ufpF ;efklt
;'/]Gb|axfb'/ k|wfgn] cf-cfkm\gf] uflj;df ;+slnt /sd x:tfGt/0f ug{' ePsf] sfFu|];sf o'jf g]tf lbks clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] cfkm\gf] uflj;sf k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:oaf6 %) ?k}ofF tyf cGo z'e]R5'sx?af6 :j]R5f cg';f/ k|fKt /sd af9L kLl8tsf nflu ;+ s ng u l/Psf ] p xf F n ] atfpg'eof].
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf dxf]t/L, !^ c;f/ . hn]Zj/, c;f/ !^ ut] . zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu l8lehg sfof{no wg'iffn] hUufsf] 6'+uf] gnfUbf dxf]Q/Ldf aGg] sd{rf/L cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . t/ ;f] s'/fnfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dxf]Q/Ln] 7f8} cl:jsf/ u/]sf] 5. l8lehg sfof{no wg'iffsf k|d'v ;DkQ l3ld/]n] dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] kl/sf}nLdf #@ hgf clws[t / #@ hgf tNnf]:t/sf sd{rf/Lsf nflu lgdf{0f ul/g] sd{rf/L cfjf; ejg hUuf pknAw gePsf] sf/0f z'? gul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] kl/sf}n Ldf klxnf /x]sf] ag sfof { n osf ] xf tf le q g} sd{ r f/Lx?sf] nflu ;Dk" 0f{ ;'ljwfo'Qm $÷$ tNnfsf] …PÚ / …aLÚ Ans lgdf{0f ul/g] 3f]if0ff ul/Pklg ;f] hUuf pknAw
gePsf] sf/0f lgdf{0f l9nfO{ ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . Ps dlxgf k"j{sf] s'/fsfgLdf pxfFn] @)^* ;fnsf] df3 dlxgfdf ePsf] hn] Zj/ cfGbf] ng kZrft ;f] 7fpFdf k'gM lhNnf ag sfof{no / lhNnf e" - ;+ / If0f sfof{ n o ;fl/Pkl5 agfpg sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k|d'v l3ld/]n] @ ljUxfdf lgdf{0f ul/g] ;f] sd{rf/L cfjf; ejg ag sfof{n osf] sf/0f lgdf{ 0f x'g g;s]sf] bfjL ug'{eof] . @)^*÷!!÷!* ut] g} ;f] cfjf; ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu 6]08/ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] lr7L k7fPsf] t/ PSsf;L ag sfof{ n o cfP/ a;]kl5 6]08/ x'g g;s]sf] k|d'v l3ld/]sf] egfO{ lyof] . pxfFn] 6]08/ cfJxfg ul/g' g} lgdf{0f yfNgLsf] / lgdf{0f z'? ug'{sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] klxnf] r/0fdf …PÚ Ans dfq} lgdf{0f ul/g] / o;sf] nfut Ol:6d]6 sl/a !% s/f]8
x'g]ePsf]n] ;f] Joj:yf ul/lbg zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu cfjf; zfvf aa/dxndf rnfgL g+= @%@ ePsf] kq c;f]h !^ ut] g} k7fO;lsPsf] ;d]t hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dxf]Q/Lsf] kl/sf}nL l:yt /x]sf] lhNnf ag sfof{no / lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{nosf] hUuf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] clwg:t /x]sf] 5. t/ lhNnf k|z f;g sfof{ n o dxf]Q/Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ;f] s'/fnfO{ 7f8} cl:jsf/ ug'{eof] . pxfFn] hUuf d'Vo ;d:of geO{ ah ] 6 d' V o ;d:of /x] s f] atfpg' e of] . pxfF n ] cfk' m l8lehgk|d'v;+u s'/f u/]sf] / pxfFn] lt ejg ah]6sf] sf/0f ;'rf? gePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] ;/sf/L sfof{no y'k} | /x]sf] / l8lehg sfof{non] hlta]nf rfxg] xf] hUuf pknAw x'g ;Sg] atfpg'eof] .
d[t cfTdfsf] zflGtsf nflu k|fy{gf c;dembf/Lsf sf/0f sd{r f/L cfjf; lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g ;s]g ;nf{ xL, !^ c;f/ . ef/tsf] pt/fv08df ljut s] xL lbg klxn] cfPsf] leif0f af9L klx/f]df k/L Hofg u'dfpg]x?sf] cfTdsf] zflGtsf nflu ;nf{xLsf] gf]sN} jfdf zflGt tyf k|y{gf ul/Psf] 5 . :yflgo >L xg'dfg cf/wgf d08n k| o fyzfvf gf] s} N jf % sf] cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf
;fd'lxs?k d[t cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf nflu k|y gf ul/Psf] :yflgoaf;L c/ljGb ofbjn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . d08n tyf :yflgoaf;Ln] gf]s}Njf & df /x]sf] /fd hfgsL dlGb/df zfefsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . ;ef af 6 k | y { g f sf ] ;f y } :yflgoaf;Ln] SofG8n dfr{kf;
;d]t u/]sf lyP . d08nsf cWoIf hos/0f 7fs'/sf] ;efkltTjdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|y{gf ;efaf6 pt/fr+n d'VodGqL /fxt sf]ifdf /fxt :j?k % xhf/ ?k}of k7fpg] lg0f{o klg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf lxGb' w df{ n DaL ;Gt nufot :yflgo k'?if tyf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
gu/kflnsf agfpg] of]hgf km]l/ cf]em]ndf alb{jf;, !^ c;f/ . dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf ;' b"/ pQ/jQL{ rf/ uflj;nfO{ hf] 8]/ gu/kflnsf agfpg] of]hgf km]l/ cf]em]ndf k/]sf] 5 . ;f] If]qsf alb{jf;, dfO:yfg, uf}/Ljf; / ls;fggu/ uflj;nfO{ ldnfP/ gu/kflnsf agfpg] of]hgf gfds/0fdf ;xdlt gx'bF f cf]em]ndf k/]sf] xf] . r f/ u flj;nf O{ ldnfp F b f gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ffsf nflu ;a} k" j f{ w f/ k" / f x' g ] eP klg gfds/0fdf ;xdlt gh'6b\ f gofF 3f]if0ffsf] ;Defjgf 6b}{ uPsf] oxfFsf afl;Gbfsf] u'gf;f] 5 . oL uflj;x¿df ahf/, cfjfudg, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;DaGwdf Pscsf]d{ f /fd|f];uF hf]l8Psf eP klg gfdsf] lsrnf]n] cfˆgf] 7fpF gu/kflnsf aGg] ;Defjgfaf6 6fl9 Psfdf r f/} uflj;sf afl;Gbfn] b'Mv dgfp u/] sf alb{ jf; uflj;sf k" j { c WoIf lr/~hLjL xdfnn] atfpg'eof] . gu/kflnsf 3f] i f0ffsf nflu ;/sf /;dIf df u p7fp g cfjZos k"jf{wf/ h'6fpg] p2]Zon] 8flsPsf] a} 7 sdf dfO:yfg uflj;n] cfˆgf] uflj;l:yt lhNnfs} k| d ' v wfld{ s:yn k~rw' /f dfO:yfgsf] gfpF df k ~r w' / f df O{ gu/k f lnsf gfds/0f x'gk' g]{ c8fg g5f8]kl5 ;xdlt x'g g;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5. dfO:yfgsf] c8fgn] g} ;xdlt x'g g;s]sf] a}7ssf ;xefuL alb{jf; pBf]u jfl0fHo ;ª\3sf cWoIf ;'/]z /fptn] k|i6Øfpg'eof] . otf, alb{ jf;, uf} / Ljf; / ls;f ggu / uf lj;sf k| l tlglwx¿n] eg] k~rw' / f /ft' dfO{ alb{jf; gu/kflnsf gfds/0f x'gk' g]{ k|:tfj u/]sf lyP . of] gfd cgfjZos nfdf] / rf/ uflj;dWo] Pp6fsf] gfd pNn]v ePsfn] ;xdltsf nflu afws
ag]sf] dfO:yfg uflj;sf ;lrj dfwj nfld5fg]sf] egfO 5 . lhNnfdfq geO{ b]zel/d} cToGt wfld{s dxTjsf] :ynsf ¿kdf lrgfpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] k~rw' / f dfO:yfgsf] gfpF df gfds/0f ul/Fbf wfld{s / ko{6sLo lx;fan] klg gofF 3f]if0ff x'g] gu/kflnsfsf] lgs} /fd|f] ;Defjgf a9\ g ] dfO:yf gsf afl;Gbf atfpF 5 g\ . otf afF sL tLg uflj;sf] eg] k~rw'/f gfpFdf dfq gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff x'g g;Sg] ts{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . gofF cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! sf] gLlt ty f sf o{ o f ] h gf df gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ffsf nflu rf/ uflj;sf] PsLs[t k|:tfj k7fpg ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ;'emfP klg cfk;L c;xdltn] ubf{ o;kflnsf] ;do 3s] {sfn] k|:tfj k7fpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf 6/]sf] 5 . ca o;kfln em§} s'g} ;xdlt g} eP klg gLlt sfo{qmd k|:t'ltsf] ;do glhPsfn] yk sfd x'g] ;Defjgf g/x]sf] alb{jf; uflj;sf ;lrj efg' e Qm 9' ª \ u f gfn] atfpg'eof] .
otf lhlj; dxf]Q/Ln] klg rf/} uflj;n] PsLs[t k|:tfj k7fpg g;s]sfn] cfˆgf] sfof{noaf6 l;kmfl/; / dfu u/]/ k|:tfj k7fpg] l:ylt gag]sf] hgfPsf] 5. gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ffsf nflu rflxg] sDtLdf @% xhf/ hg;ª\Vof / ? %) nfv cfDbfgLsf] :yfgLo ;|f]t rf/ uflj;sf] ;+o'Qm¿kdf :ki6 b]lvg] eP klg ;f]cg'¿ksf] PsLs[ t k| :tfj aGg g;Sbf o;kfln lhNnfdf gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ffsf] ;Defjgf 6/]sf] lhlj; dxf] Q /Lsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L lbnLk rf} n fufO+ { n ] atfpg'eof] . ;/sfn] o;cl3 ut jif{ lhNnfsf] uf}z fnf / lguf} n uflj;nfO{ ldnf P / u f } z f nf lguf } n gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . oBlk ;f] 3f]if0ffafx]s ;/sf/n] gu/kflnsfsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu s]xL k|oTg gu/]sf] tL b'j} uflj;sf afl;Gbfsf] u'gf;f] 5 . lhNnfdf clxn] @)$# ;fndf gu/k~rfot 3f] i f0ff ePsf] hn]Zj/gu/dfq gu/kflnsfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .
b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ tLghgf lx/f;tdf
/fhlj/fh, !^ c;f/ . k|x /L gfoa dxflg/LIfs;Fu b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;Kt/Lsf tLghgf kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . k " j f { ~ r nsf k | x /L gf oa dxflg/LIfs pk]Gb|sfGt cof{n;Fu b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ef/bx! sf];L Aof/]hsf e/f];L d08n, lqsf}n-# sf cldt nu/jf/ / kf]tf{xf-^ sf ;Gtf]if ;fx kqmfp k/]sf x'g\ .k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{df hah{:tL s/ c;'nL u/]sf] tyf b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] pgLx¿nfO{ kf] t f{ x f-^ l:yt ;8sv08af6 kqmfp u/]sf] xf] . lgsf;L k}7f/L s/ ;ª\sngsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
;Kt/Lsf] kf] tf{x fdf /flvPsf] 9f6af6 pgLx¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] xf] . pgLx¿n] 9f6af6 cglws[t¿kdf r'ª\uLs/ c;'n u/]sf] k|x/Lsf] cf/f]k 5 . cf/f ] l k t x¿n] hah { : t L ;jf/L;fwg /f]s]/ wDsL lbg'sf ;fy} s/ c;'n u/]sfn] kqmfp ul/Psf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs Zofdl;+x rf}w/Ln] atfpg'eof] . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdfkm{t s/ ;ª\sngsf nflu 7]Ssf lnPsf] s[i0f lgdf{0f ;]jfsf ;~rfns /f;nfn /fon] eg] cfˆgf sfdbf/nfO{ k|x/Ln] em'6f] cf/f]kdf km;fPsf] u'gf;f] ug'{ePsf] 5 .
hgsk'/ ljt/0f s]Gb|sf] ljB't nf]8 ;]l8Ësf] sfo{tflnsf af/ cfO{taf/ ;f]daf/ du+naf/ a'wjf/ ljlxjf/ z'qmjf/ zlgjf/
laxfg÷lbp;f] !!M)) b]lv !%M)) ah];Dd )^M#) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )%M)) b]lv )*M)) ah];Dd )*M)) b]lv !!M)) ah];Dd !)M)) b]lv !$M)) ah];Dd )(M)) b]lv !#M)) ah];Dd
a]n'sf÷/ftL )*M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )%M)) b]lv )&M#) ah];Dd )#M)) b]lv )^M)) ah];Dd )!M)) b]lv )%M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )*M)) ah];Dd )&M#) b]lv )(M#) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd
km/f/ s'Voft s}bL ef/tdf kqmfp O6x/L, !^ c;f/ . cf7 dlxgfcl3 ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] ef;Ldf /x]sf] k"jf{~rn If]qLo sf/fuf/af6 kSsL ;' ? ª vg] / e fu ] s f !@ s} bLaGbLdWo] k| x /Lsf] pRr vf]hLsf] ;" rLdf /x]sf wL/]Gb| ofbj;lxt tLghgfnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . ut sflQs @# ut] /flt sf/fuf/leqaf6 g} tof/ kf/]sf] kSsL ;'?ªaf6 lglSnP/ efu]sf !@ s}bLdWo] ef/tdf $@ hgf tyf ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ;fthgf dflg;sf] xTofdf ;+nUg ePsf] cleof] u df ;hfo ef] l u/x]sf wL/]Gb| ofbj, adad ofbj / ;'jf; emfnfO{ ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] ;LdfjtL{ ef/tsf] ljxf/ /fHosf] jL/k'/ Onfsfaf6 kqmfp u/]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .sf/fuf/af6 km/f/ x'gf;fy g]kfn / ef/tsf] k|x/Ln] lg/Gt/ ;~rf/ ;Dks{ :yflkt u/]/ km/f/ s}bLaGbLx?sf] vf]hL ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;+o'Qm?kdf ul//x]sf] a]nf ef/tLo k|x/Lsf] ;lqmotfdf tL s'Voft ck/fwL kqmfp k/]sf x'g\ . ;'g;/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] If]qLo sf/fuf/ em'Dsfaf6 km/f/ s}bLaGbLx? kqmfp k/]sf] eg]/ ;"rgf cfPsf] hfgsf/ lbFb} kqmfp k/]sf wL/]Gb| ofbjdfly dflg; xTofafx] s sLt] { gful/stf,
n'6kf6, lkm/f}tL c;'nL, Hofg dfg]{ wDsL tyf ckx/0fh:tf Ps bh{g ck /f wdf ;+ n Ug e Psf ] cleof]u;d]t /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5. sf/fuf/af6 km/f/ /x]/ ef/tdf n's]/ a:b} cfPsf wL/]Gb| / pgsf] ;d"xn] b'O{ lbgcl3 dfq ;Kt/Lsf Ps Aofkf/LnfO{ wDSofP/ ? ;ft nfv c;'ns ] f] tYo;d]t km]nf k/]sf] 5 . kqmfp k/]sf tLghgfsf] ;fyaf6 P;PdhLdf nfUg] !& /fpG8 uf]nL;d]t a/fdb ePsf] k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . sf/fuf/af6 km/f/ ePkl5 klg wL/]Gb|;lxtsf] ;d"xn] ;'g;/L / ;Kt/LnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ cfk/flws
lqmofsnfk ub} { cfPsf] / g]k fnlt/sf] k|x/Ln] pgLx?sf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] lyof] eg] ef/tLo k|x /Ln] wL/]Gb|;lxtsf] 6f]n Lsf ljifodf ;"rgf lbg]nfO{ b'O{ nfv k'/:sf/ lbg] 3f]if0ff;d]t u/]sf] lyof] .;'?ª vg]/ km/f/ s}bLdWo] s'Voft ck/fwL ;'j|t a]g elgg] c;|km cln ef/tsf] sf]nsftfdf / a'n a'n elgg] /d] z ofbj ;'g;/Ldf g} kqmfp kl/;s]sf 5g\ . km/f/ !@ s} b LaGbLdWo] ;fthgfsf] cem} vf]hL eO/x]sf] ;'g;/L k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . vf]hL sfo{df g]kfn / ef/tLo k|x/Lsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
x]nf] ;/sf/df t]Ob08;ug]xhf/ ph'/L { ;f]rdf ;/sf/ /x]sf]
sf7df8f}F, !^ c;f/ . hgtfsf u'gf;f ;'Gg / ltgnfO{ oyf]lrt ;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/n] b'O{ jif{cl3 :yfkgf u/]sf] …x]nf]Ú ;/sf/df @# xhf/ #%$ ph' / L k/] s fdf clwsf+z ;DAff]wg eO{ sl/a 5 ;o afFsL /x]sf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5. pQm sfof{nosf ;lrj s[i0fxl/ af:sf]6fn] cfh oxfF cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf x]nf] ;/sf/df k| f Kt x' g ] u' g f;fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;Daf]wg ul/ Psf] hfgsf/L lbFb} k|fKt u'gf;fsf] j]jf:tf ug]{ ;/sf/L clwsf/LnfO{
atfpg'eof] . pxfF sf cg' ; f/ x] n f] ;/sf/ df ut h] 7 df a9\ bf] ljB' t \ ef/ s6f} t L, eTs] sf af6fx¿ lgdf{ 0fdf ePsf] pbf;Lgtf, k|j]l zsf k/LIffsf] Go"g pQL0f{ b/, u} / g] k fnLn] gful/stf lbPsf, 8] / fjfnk| lt 3/a]6 Lsf] HofbtL, ;Ldf If] qdf a9\ b f] t:s /L, dlxnf lx+ ;f, k] 6 " f ] l nod kbfy{ d f ld;fj6 Pjd\ sd kl/df0f, blnt a:tLdf ljsf;sf sfo{ q md gk' u ] s f ;DaGwdf clws u' g f;f cfPsf lyP .
bnx?sf] ;dembf/Ldf ========================
kf6L{sf] dfGotf /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .pxfFn] wf+wnL/lxt r'gfjsfnfuL O{n]S6"f]lgs ef]6LË d]l;g / dtbftf gfdfjnL kl/ro kqsf] cwf/df dfq} ef]6 v;fpg] Aoj:yf ug{ lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfu|x ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . g]skf Pdfn] ;+l3otf lj/f]wL /x]sf] eGg] e|fds k|rf/jfhL dfq} /x]sf] eGb} pxfFn] To; e|ddf gk{g dw]zL hgtf nfO{ cfu|x ;d]t ug'{ eof] .pxfFn] Pdfcf][jfbL / dw]zjfbL bnx? Hfft hft ljr Pstf x'g glbg nflu k/]sf] atfFpb} g]kfnLx? ;j{k|yd d g]kfnL x' eg] efjgf hufpg cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
dw]z kf]i6
lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&
@)&) c;f/ !& ut], ;f]djf/
olta]n f gfos /0fjL/ sk'/ / gflosf sl6«g f s}kmlar /fd|} lvr8L kfs]s f] atfOPsf] 5 . lo b'O { larsf] ;DaGwn] km]/ L Psk6s ldl8ofdf rr{f kfpg yfn]sf] 5 . t/ xfn} dfq Ps kf6L{df gflosf sl6«g f s}km / gfos /0fjL/ sk'/ lar nkm8f ePsf] va/ aflxl/Psf] 5 . gfos ch{'g sk'/sf] hGdlbgsf] kf 6L{ d f k' u ] s f sl 6« g f / /0fj L/ /dfO/x]sf lyP . t/ sl6«g fn] gflosf bLlksf kfb'sf]0 f kf6{L df k|j]z u/]kl5 s]xL c;xh dxz'z ul/g / /0fjL/nfO{ aflx/ 3'D g hfg cfu|x ul/g . t/ /0fjL/n] sl6«g fsf] cfu|x nfO{ ;f]e m} nTofpFb } PSNf} hfg eg]s f lyP . /0fjL/;Fu s]xL ;do jfbljjfb k/]kl5 sl6«g f PSn} aflx/ lgl:sPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . sl6«g f / bLlksf /0fjL/sf k"j{ k|]l dsf x'g . o;}n ] klg bLlksf / sl6«g f lar vf;} /fd|f ] ;DaGw 5}g . bLlksf;Fu 6fl9Pkl5 /0fjL/ km]/L sl6«g f;Fu lgs6 /x]sf] atfOG5 . t/ kf6L{df cfkm\g f] cfu|xnfO{ nTofPkl5 sl6«g f /0fjL/;Fu lrl9PsL x'g .
…dlxnf ;]nn] yk sfo{ ug'{kg]{Ú ;nf{xLdf afnlasf;sf sf]6f lk|mh x'g]
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf wg'iff, !^ c;f/ . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no wg'iff l:yt dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|n] b'O{ jif{df u/]sf] sfo{ k|ultsf ;DaGwdf cfOtaf/ k|x/L k|wfgsfof{nosf k|fh ] ]S6 k|jGws ;'nf]rgf >]i7sf] pkl:ytLdf 5nkmn ;ePsf] 5 . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb| ;+hfnsf cWoIf ldgf s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] cGt/lqmofdf af]Nb} k|jGws >]i7n] s]Gb|df ah]6sf] cfefj ePsfn] :yflgo :t/df ;xof]u lnO{ sfo{;+rfng ug'{k]g]{ afWotf /x]s]f atfpg' eof] . To:t} P8LaLsf k|ltlglw 5fof emfn] s]Gb|df yk ;]jf k|bfg ug{
;+hfndf cfj4 kbflwsf/Lx?n] u| f ld0f :t/df dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf lj?4sf] lqmofsnfk /f]Sg lqmoflzn x'g' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] ;+hfnsf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L /x]sfn] wGojfb ;d]t lbO{ yo ljsf;sf nflu kxn ug] { cfZjf;g ;d]t lbg'ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no wg'iffsf k| x/L pkl/Ifs j;Gt kGtsf] ljz]if pkl:ytLdf ePsf] pQm cGt/lqmofdf ;+ h fnn] u/] sf sfo{x?sf] ;DaGwdf dlxnf ;]n k|d'v k|x/L ;fxfos lgl/Ifs ;'eb|f cfn]n] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
kfFr uflj;df blnt 5fqj[lQ lbO{g]
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !^ c;f/ . ;nf{xLsf kfFr uflj;sf blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3sf] lhNnf ;ldltn] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug{] ePsf] 5 . ;]e b lrN8"]g ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;xof] u df ;~rflnt g] k fn 5fqj[ l Q sfo{ q md cGtu{ t lhNnfsf e]NxL, df]xgk'/, aa/u+h, rGb|gu/ / gf]s]Njf uflj;sf ljleGg ljBfnodf k9\g] blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ /sd k|bfg ul/g] ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 . oL kfFr uflj;af6 8f]d tyf d';x/ ;d'bfosf %) hgf ljBfyL{ 5gf}6 u/L k|flj txsfnfO{ kfFr ;o, lgdflj / dflj txsfnfO{ ^ ;o / pRr dflj txsfnfO{ !@ ;osf b/n] dfl;s ?kdf tLg
dlxgf;Dd 5fqj[lQ /sd k|bfg ul/g] ;+3sf lhNnf cWoIf /fh]z kf;jfgn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;fy} tL If]qsf Ps hgf pTs[i[ 6 blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd dfl;s b'O{ xhf/ ?k}ofF 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .To;sf nflu cfh cfkm\gf] ;+of]hsTjdf lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf afnaflnsf tyf dlxnf ljsf; sfof{nosf k|ltlgwL ;b:o /x]sf] 5fqj[lQ 5gf} 6 ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] cWoIf kf;jfgn] atfpg'eof] .pQm ;ldltn] 5fqj[lQsf nflu s]xL lbgdf b/vf:t cfx\jfg ug{] / cf Psf b/vf:t x?dWo] a f6 ;a}eGbf ljkGg blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ 5fqj[lQsf nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
dw] z ;dfrf/bftf dxf] t/L ,!^ c;f/ . ;b/d'sfd hn] Z j/ l:yt nIdL r08L d' / f /sf p RRf dfWof lds lawf nodf e P sf ] cf k;L lajfbsf] sf/0f dxf] Q/L lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf cfh c;Gt'i6 kIfx?n] tfnfaGbL u/] sf 5g\ . n] v fkfn k| e ft d08nnfO{ lawfnodf xflh/ x' g glbPsf] eGb} c;Gt" i 6 kIfn] lhNNff lzIfff sfof{ nodf tfnfaGbL u/] sf x' g \ . :s' n J o:y f k g ;ldlt n] n]v fkfn d08nnfO @)^(sf] sf lt { s @% u t ] cjsf ; lbPk5L ;f] sf] la?4 n]v fkfn d08nn] k' g /fa] bg cbfnt hgsk"/df /L6 bfo/ u/]sf lyP . d08nsf] l/6df ;"g jfO{ ub} { k'/ gfj] bg cbfnt hgsk" /n] @)^( r}t dlxgfsf] !% ut]sf lbg n] vfkfn d08nn] cfkm\ g f] ]
xsdf lg0f{o u/sf] eGb} :s' ndf xf h / L x " g k f p g df + u ul//x] sf5g\ . cbf ntsf ] km } ; nf ePk 5L km};nfsf] cfwf/df lhNnf lzIff sfof { n o dxf] Q /L n] ;d] t d08nnf O{ xf lh / u/f p g lawfnonfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] lyof] . km};nf sfof{Gjog gePsf] eGb} lzIff sfof{ n odf tfnfaGbL u/LPsf] / tfnfaGbLsf] sf/0f lzIff sfof{nosf] sfdsfh 7Kk ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo lbk' ;fxsf] cg' ; f / law f nosf ] e jg lgdf0f{ s f] laifodf lawfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldtLsf cWoIf lagf]b d08n,k| c ;+ lha s' df/ / n]v fkfn d08n aLr /sd n]g b]g sf] laifodf lawfnodf laafb a9\ b } uP sf] sf /0f lawfnodf laut Ps aif{ b]v L laafbdf 5 . laafbsf] sf/0f lawfnodf k6s
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !^ c;f/ . /fhgLlts bnsf bjfjsf sf/0f ljut % jif{b]lv ljt/0f x'g g;s]sf ! ;o $& afnlasf;sf sf]6f c;f/ d;fGtkl5 lk|mh x'g nfu]sf] 5 . lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 k6s k6s ljt/0fsf nflu kxn x'bf+ klg :yflgo /fhgLlts bnsf] bjfjsf sf/0f sf]6f ljt/0f x'g g;s]sf] lzIff sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5. sf]6f ljt/0f x'g g;Sbf jif]{gL sl/a $& nfv ?k}of lk|mh x'g] u/sf] lzIff sfof{nosf k|fljlws ;xfos ;'lgn s'df/ s'zjfxfn] atfpg'eof] . % ;o (# sf]6f dWo] $ ;o $^ sf]6f lat/0f ePklg afFsL sf]6f
/fhgLlts bnsf] bjfjsf sf/0f ljt/0f x'g g;s]sf] s'zjfxfsf] syg /x]sf] 5 . af/Daf/sf] k|of; c;kmn ePkl5 ljut b' O { jif{ b] l v lzIff ljefuaf6 afnlasf;sf sf]6f ;nf{x Ldf gcfPsf] s'z jfxfn] atfpg'eof] . lhNnfdf lat/0f x'g g;s]sf sf]6fnfO{ tTsflng lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L ;'sb]j ;fksf]6fn] lat/0fsf] k|of; ubf{ @)^( ;fn df3 @@ ljefuaf6 lat/0f gug{sf nflu cfb]z cfpFbf sf]6f h:tfsf] To;t} /x]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf /x]sf lzIfs Jofg/x?n] ;xdlt u/]/ lzIff clwsf/LnfO{ lhDdf lbO{klg ljefusf] cj/f]wsf] sf/0f ut jif{ sf]6f ljt/0f x'g ;s]g\ .
/fh3f6df xfQLsf] aRrf km]nf
dw] z ;df rf /bft f ;nf{ x L, !^ c;f/ . ;nf{ x Lsf] /fh3f6 $ afudtL gbLsf] lsgf/df cfOtaf/ xfQLsf] Pp6f aRrf km] n f k/] s f] 5 . dfp;+u } cfPsf] aRrf afudtL gbLsf] lsgf/df /x] s f] gf} nVvf af+ w df km] n f k/] s f] k|x /L gfo j pk/L Ifs pdfz+ s / klhof/n] hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . :y f l goaf ;L n ] aRr f nf O{ b] v ] k l5 k| x /LnfO{ va/ u/] sf] lyof] . k| x /Ln aRrfnfO{ p4f/ ul/ d' l t{ o f jg sfof{ n osf] lhDdf nufPsf] klhof/n] atfpg' e of] . k l h o f / n] a R r f a f w d f
ljjfbsf sf/0f lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf tfnfaGbL
k6s k7gkf7g ;d] t cj?¢ x'g ] u/] sf] cleefjs na/fhf l;+xn] hfgsf/L lbP . lawfnodf lajfb a9b} uPsf] , ejg lg df 0 f { df ;d] t cly { s clgoldttf / tLg aif{ b]v L lzIfsx?sf] ;+ r osf] i f bflvnf gu/]sf],cgfjZos sd{rf/L egf{ u/] s f] eGb} cleefjsx?n] clVtof/df d' ¢f ;d] t xfn]sf 5g\ . cl V t of / df k / ] s f ] d' ¢ f ;DaGw df ;d] t 5 f gaL g eO{ / x] sf] a' emLPsf] 5 . nfdf] ;do lalt;Sbf ;d]t lhNnf lzIff sfof{ no dxf]Q/Ln] lajfb ldnfpg s' g } kxn gu/] s f] gu/af;Lsf] u' gf;f] 5
e] 6 \ g ' sf] cy{ dfpklg ;f] x L If] q df x' g ;Sg] cg' dfg ug' { ePsf] 5 . xfQLn] cfkm\ g f] aRrfnfO{ vf] H g] qmddf pQm If] qdf lx;f+ T ds ultljwL ug{ ;Sg] cg' d f g k lg k | x /L klhof/sf] /x] s f] 5 . xfQLn] cfkm\ g f] aRrf cfkm} n ] lnP/ lx8\ g ] k| f l0f xf] . To;n} aRrfsf nflu xflQ pQm If] qdf cfpg ;S5 ls elg :yflgoaf;Ldf qf; ;d] t km} l nPsf] 5 . k| x /Lsf cg' ; f/ lju t s] xL lb g kl xn] /f} t x6af 6 cf wf bh { g sf ] ;+V ofdf cfPsf xfQLn] cfkm\ gf] aRr f 5f ] 8 ] s f ] x' g ] ;Sg] cg' d fg u/] sf] 5 . /f} t x6af6 cf Psf ] xfQL n] ;nf { x Lsf ] nf naGbL df Ps dlxnfsf] Hofg lnPsf] 5 . eg] x] dk' / , a/xyjf tyf z+ s/k' / df u/L # h gf nf O{ 3f O t ] ;d ] t agfPsf 5g\ .
zx/ ;kmf /fvf}+,
kl/ro lbpF afndlGb/ rf]s dn+ujf ;nf{xL , kmf]g ;Eotfsf] )$^–%@)%%#, df]= (*%$)#%*() .
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5f]6s/L ;dfrf/ ;'grfFbL sflnu9 cfGbf]lnt
h gsk ' / wf d, !^ c;f / . ;do;fk]If Hofnfbf/Lsf] dfu ub}{ oxfFsf ;'grfFbL sflnu9 cfGbf]lnt ePsf 5g\ . xfnsf] dxFuLn] 5fs 6fg{ / hLjgofkg ug{;d]t wf}wf} k/] sf]t km{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} pgLx¿ cfGbf]lnt ePsf x'g\ . Hofnf ;do cg's"n lbg'k g] {, g]kfnL gful/s sflnu9af6 sfd u/fpg'kg]{, :yfgLo sflnu9nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{, ;'grfFbLdf nfUg] -/;fog_ htL{nfO{ Ps¿ktf Nofpg'kg]{, sflnu9n] ;'grfFbLaf6
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kfpg'kg]{ htL{ ;'grfFbL Joj;foLn] lng gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'k{ g]{ dfu sflnu9åf/f cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . ;' g r f F b L sf lnu9 ;ª\ 3 h gsk ' / wf dsf cWoIf chos'df/ 7fs'/n] oxL c;f/ !( ut] ;Dddf pQm dfusf] ;Daf]wg gul/P sflnu9x¿n] clglZrtsfnsf nflu ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;ª\3sf kbflwsf/Lsf] k ;ndf tf nf aGbL ug] { atfpg'eof] . hgsk'/df %)) ;'grfFbL sflnu9 /x]sf 5g\.
b'3{6gfdf Pssf] d[To''
O6x/L, !^ c;f/ . ;' g ;/L lhNnfsf] xl/k' /-# l:yt k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{df cfh ePsf] ;8s b' 3{6 gfdf Ps hgfsf] 36gf:yndf g} d[To' ePsf] 5 . ;f] 36gfdf csf{ Ps hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5. k| x /Lsf cg' ; f/ O6x/Laf6 klZrdlt/ uO/x] s f] gf$v %$)@ gDa/sf] 6"ssf] cufl8sf]
rSsf kGr/ eP/ ;8sdf kN6Fbf ;f] 6"ssf rfns O6x/L* lgjf;L #) jifL{o ljgf] b rf}w/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] xf] . ;f] 36gfdf ;f] x L 6" s df sfd ug] { @) jifL{ o dgf] h rf} w /L uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] / pgsf] pkrf/ eO/x] s f] lhNnf k |x/L sfof {no ;' g ;/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
Ps;o eGbf al9 nfO{ hlG8; rGb|u9L uflj;sf gf} hgf /
eb|k'/, !^ c;f/ . emfkfsf] eb|k'/ gu/kflnsfdf sdnlkQ -hlG8;_ /f] u af6 ;oeGbf a9L JolQm la/fdL k/]sf 5g\ . c;f/ ! u t ] b ] l v c;f/sf ] bf ] ; | f ] ;ftf;Dddf eb|k/' gu/kflnsfsf] %, !!, !$ / !% gDa/ j8fsf !$# hgf sdnlkQ /f]u af6 kLl8t ePsf JolQmsf] tYofª\s ;ª\ s ng eO;s] s f] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . eb|k'/ gu/kflnsf;Fu hf]l8Psf
algofgL, hnyn / dx]zk'/ uflj;sf dflg;x? klg l56km'6 ?kdf hlG8; /f]uaf6 kLl8t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . sdnlk Q /f ] u af 6 afnaflnsfb] l v j[ 4j[ 4 f;Dd kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . ;f]dWo]sf ;ft hgf eb|k ' / l:yt d] r L c~rn c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO/x] sf 5g\ eg] cGon] cfo'jl]{ bs cf}iflw u/fO/x]sf 5g\.
;'/eLsf] cfVofg uf]i7L
sf7df8f},F !^ c;f/ . ;'/eL ;flxTo k|lti7fgn] zlgaf/ oxfF #% cf}F cfVofg uf]i7L ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ejfgL cof{n, uLtf /] UdL, d]g sf kf]v /] n, /~hgf k/fh'nL, /Ltf dxh{g , efjgf d':sfg, ;'zLnf v8\sf …xl;gfÚ, /fds'df/ kl08t, lgle{s /fO{, o'j/fh d}gfnL, uf]ljGb l3ld/] …j]bdl0fÚ n] cfˆgf sljtf jfrg ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . x/] s dlxgfsf] t]; |f ] zlgaf/ hf]/kf6Ldf x'Fb} cfPsf] sfo{qmddf
;+:yfsf ;+/Ifs ljho rfln;]n] cfVofg uf]i 7Lsf sf/0f gofF k':tfsf ;|i6fx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ldNg] atfpg'eof] . rfln;]n] ;+:yfsf] sfo{ qmdsf nflu ? !) xhf/ k|bfg ug'e{ Psf] d's'Gb sfsL{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;+:yfsf ;b:o 6ª\s s];Ln] c;f/] uLt k|:t't ug'e{ Psf] lyof] eg] l/8/ OG6/g];gn df]8]n :s'nn] c;f/ !% dgfpg] qmddf bxL lrp/fsf] k|fof]hg u/]sf] lyof].
km/f/ cleo'Qm kqmfp
u'NdL, !^ c;f/ . cbfntaf6 ;hfo tf]lsP klg km/f/ /x]sf :yfgLo vHof{ª uflj;-& sf u0f]z ;'gf/nfO{ u'NdL k|x/Ln] tLgjif{kl5 kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . lj;+ @)^& df tD3f;af6 a'6jn hfg] qmddf ;Fu} uf8Ldf ofqf u/]sL ljdnf kf08]sf] wgdfn;lxt emf]nf n'6s ] f] cleof]udf cbfntn] ;'gf/nfO{ ? (^ xhf/ #@% hl/jfgf
tf]s]sf] lyof] . t/ cbfntsf] km};nfkl5 ljleGg :yfgdf n's/] a;]sf] eGb} u'NdL k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ kqmfp u/L cbfntdf k]; u/]sf] xf] . km/f/ cleo'Qm kqmfp cleofg tLj| kf/]sf] u'NdL k|x/Ln] o; cfly{s jif{df dfq} !$ hgf ck/fwL kqmfp u/]sf] k|x /L gfoa pk/LIfs u'?lji0f' sfˆn]n] atfpg'eof] .