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( 2 April 2013 )
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u/]sf] ;t{stf s]Gb|sf] tYof+s dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !( r}q . ;nf{xL lhNnfdf #$ k|ltzt ei6«rf/ ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ /fli6«o ;t{stf s]Gb| sf7df08f}n] hgfPsf] 5 . ;nf{ x L ;b/d' s fd dn+ujfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ei6«rf/ lgoGq0f xfd|f] ;femf bfloTj ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cGtu{t pQm Tofªs ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] xf] . s]Gb|n] # lbg nufP/ u/]sf] cg';w+ fgaf6 lhNnfdf #$ k|ltzt ei6«rf/ ePsf] hgfPsf 5g\ . cg' ; + w fgsf qmddf s] G b| n ] lhNnfsf * cf] 6 f sfof{nodf uO{ 5fgljg u/]sf lyP . s]Gb|n] lhNNff k|zf;g, lhNNff ljsf;, dfnkf]t, lhNNff k|x/L nufotsf sfof{nox?df
cg';w+ fg u/]sf lyP . cg' ; + w fgsf qmddf s]Gb|sf k|ltlgwLn] lt * cf]6f sfof{nosf] gful/s j8fkqsf] klg cWoog u/] s f lyP . h;df gu/kflnsf sfof{ n o, lhNNff ljsf;sf] gful/s j8fkq :ki6 / a'em\g] u/L n]vL ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpF d f /flvP klg lhNnfsf clwsf+z sfof{no gful/s j8fkq ga' e mg\ tyf gb] l vg] 7fpF d f /flvPsf] s]Gb|n] hgfPsf] 5 . pQm ;dodf s]Gb|n] gful/s j8fkq slt k|ltztn] a'em]sf 5g\ eGg] laifodf klg ;j]I{ f0f u/]sf lyP . ;j] { I f0fdf !^ k| l tztn] dfq gful/s j8fkq s] xf] eGg] a'em]sf 5g\ . eg] *$ k|ltztn] gful/s gful/s j8fkq ga'em]sf] tYof+s k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
sfo{ q mddf ei6« r f/ lgoGq0fsf nflu /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|sf] e'ldsfsf af/]df s]Gb|sf k|x/L pkl/Ifs ljho s'df/ >]i7 sfo{qmddf pb]Zoaf/] s]Gb|sf pk ;lrj ch"g{ k|;fb vgfn tyf gful/s j8fkqsf af/]df x'dgfy kf}8n ] n] ;xeflux?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] egfO{ /fVg] qmddf s]Gb|sf pk/LIfs >] i 7n] lhNNffdf x' g ] u/] s f] ei6« r f/df /fhg} l ts bnsf k|ltgLlw a9L bf]ifL ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] lhNnfaf6 s;/L ei6« r f/ Go'gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df cf–cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . h;df jQmfx?n] lhNnfsf ;a} sfof{ n ox?df cg' u dg ul/P
ei6«rf/sf] k|ltzt () k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] hgfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf s]Gb|sf pk ;lrj ch"{g k|;fb vgfnn] ei6«rf/ b]zsf x/]s sfof{nodf Jofkt /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . t/ To;df sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L ei6«rf/L gx'g] u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmd s]Gb|sf ;x ;lrjdf s[i0f k|;fb kf}8]nsf] k|d'v cfltYo tyf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;fu/dl0f k/fh'nLsf] cWoIftfdf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df lhNnfsf ;a} sfof{no k|d'v, /fhg} l ts bnsf k| l tlgwL, ;dfh;] j L , gful/s ;dfh, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfs] k|ltlgwL tyf ;+rf/sdL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
xTof ug]{ lu/f]x wg'iff k|x/Lsf] kmGbfdf wg'iff,!( r}t . wg'iffsf] /db}of j8f gDa/ # a:g] %% aif{sf lszf]/L ofbj tyf dxf]Q/Lsf] ;'Gb/k'/ ! a:g] k+sh ofbjsf] xTofdf ;+nUg # hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . c+rn k|x/L sfof{no hgsk'/df ;f]daf/ cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf tLg} hgf cleo" Q mnfO{ ;fj{ h lgs ul/Psf] 5 . wg' i ff tyf dxf] Q /L k| x /Lsf] ;lqmotfdf kqmfp k/] s fx?df l;/xf lhNnfsf] c/gfdf ( nfnk'/ a:g] @@ aif{sf u0f]z s'df/ l;Fx dxtf], wg'iff lhNnfsf] e/tk'/ uflj; # 5f]ul/of a:g] $# aif{sf s'zZ] j/ 7fs'/ / ef/tsf] le7fdf]8sf] xg'dfggu/ b]jfghL 6f]n a:g]
$* aif{sf P}ng' /fO{g x'g\ . uPsf] k'if !# ut] gf # v %%*& gDa/sf] 6«s ;lxt 6«s wgL Pj+ rfns lszf]/L ofbj dxf]Q/Lsf] /fdgu/ lrgL ldnaf6 kmls{b+} ubf{ ckx/0fdf k/]sf lyP . 6«s wgL lszf]/L ofbjsf] zj df3 !) ut] ;nf{ x Lsf] elQmk' / h+ u ndf e]l6Psf] lyof] eg] 6«s lxhf] ;Ffem dxf]Q/L l:yt g]kfn ef/tsf] l;df le7fdf]8 gfsfaf6 lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] P;P;kL lzj nfld5fg]n] atfpg'eof] . 6«s gDa/ gf # v %%*& sf] :j?k kl/jt{g ul/ ef/lto gDa/ lk la 129721 k|of]u u/]/ ;+rnfgdf /x]sf] ;'/fs kfPkl5 k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] xf] . st{Jo Hofg d'2fdf
hn]Zj/ sf/uf/df h]n ;hfo sfl6 /x] s f ef/lto gful/s zlzgfy emfsf] d'Vo lgb]z { gdf 6«s a]kQf agfpg'sf ;fy} 6«s wgL lszf]/L ofbjs] xTof ul/Psf] k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 v'n]sf] 5 . dxf]Q/Lsf] hn]Zj/ % a:g] lhj5 cG;f/Lsf] 3/df a;]sf] ck/fwLx?sf] a}7sn] xTofsf] of]hgf agfPsf] / ;f] 36gf u/fpg emfn] ! nfv #$ xhf/ ?k}ofF pknAw u/fPsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5. To:t} uPsf] r}q !@ ut] dxf]Q/Lsf] ;'Gb/k'/ ! a:g] @% aif{sf k+sh ofbjsf] xTofdf ;d]t oxL lu/f]xsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . h @ k #**@ gDa/sf] df]6/;fO{ns
;lxt ckx/0fdf k/]sf k+shsf] kl/jf/af6 lkm/f}tL :j?k & nfv ?k} o F f ;d] t lnO{ P sf] k| x /Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . k+shsf] xTof kZrft dxf]Q/Lsf] c+sf/ uflj; j8f gDa/ $ l:yt a]nf vf]nfsf] lsgf/df zj ufl8Psf] lyof] . lxhf} g} pTvgg kZrft k|x/Ln] k+shsf] zj a/fdb u/] s f] 5 eg] df]6/;fO{ns wg'iffsf] ;v'jf dx]Gb|gu/ l:yt v]tdf e]l6Psf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 36gfdf ;+nUg dflgPsf cleo"Qmx? dWo] wg'iffsf] ;v'jf dx]Gb|gu/ @ sf ljqm' elgg] s[i0f k'j,{] gS6flemh @ sf b'of]w{ g elgg] lbkgf/fo0f /fo s'dL{, aNxf ;3f/f ! a:g] Pj+ t/fO{ Pstf kl/ifbsf cWoIf :jfdL elgg] pd]z ofbj , dxf]Q/Lsf] e6'lnof # 3/ eO{ xfn hn]Zj/ % df a:g] Pj+ d':sfg afFsL # k]hdf
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lhlj; wg'ifdf /flvPsf] ad lg:s[o dw] z ;dfrf/bftf wg'iff,!( r}t . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Fu} /x]sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt sfof{ n o wg' i ffsf] kl/;/df /flvPsf] ad g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lgis[o kf/]sf] 5 . ;f]daf/ lbp;f] sl/a ! ah] Pp6f emf]nfdf /flvPsf] 6fO{d ad dx]Gb|gu/ l:yt /0feLd u0faf6 cfPsf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lgis[o kf/]sf] xf] . lhlj;sf] ;dflhs ;'/Iff zfvf glhs /flvPsf] ad dWo] sltko l86f]g]6/ ;dfGo ?kdf ljikmf]6 ePklg s'g} Iflt eg] ePsf] 5}g . ad /fv]sf] lhDdf clvn t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{n] lnPsf] 5 . 36gf:yndf P;P;kL
lzj nfld5fg] , 8LP;kL g/]Gb| pk| ] t L, k| x /L lgl/Ifs lbk] G b| k+ l hof/ ;lxtsf k| x /L kbflwsf/Lx/sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . lhNnf k| z f;g sfof{no;Fu} /x]sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt sfof{no wg'iff kl/;/df c1ft ;d"xn] cfh lbpF;f] ad ljikmf]6 u/fPsf] 5 . sfof{nosf] ;dflhs ;'/Iff zfvf cuf8L a/f08fdf ad ljikmf]6 ePsf] sd{ r f/Lx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ . ljikmf]6af6 s'g} dfgjLo tyf ef}lts Iflt geP klg ljikmf]6sf] 7'nf] cfjfh ;'lgPsf] lyof] . clxn] k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg yfn]sf] hgfPsf] 5.
dxf]t/Ldf ;b\efjgfdf kf6L{df k|jz ] ug]s { f] nx/ dw] z ;dfrf/bftf dxf]t/L ,!( r}t . ljleGg kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/L ;b\efjgf kf6L{df k|j]z ug]{x?sf] dxf]Q/Ldf nx/
gDa/ ! sf Ogrfh{ zq'wg ;fx, /fdclzif ;fx, czf]s ofbj, 3gZofd 7fs'/, /fdlhlgz ofbj nufot ;ofF} JolQmx? ;befjgf
kmf]/d nf]stflGqssf k|efjzfnL g]tf nIdL dxtf] ;b\efjgf kf6L{df k|jz ] u/]kl5 uNnf ldNb} /fli6«o cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf] . rn]sf] 5 . dxf] Q /Lsf] a] n f Ps8f/f uflj;df cfof]lht kf6L{ k|jz ] sfo{qmddf PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf u'NdL lhNnf If]q
kf6L{df k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} dg/fs§L / aNafdf dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfnsf a'y PsfO{ sldl6sf afFsL # k]hdf
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dn+ujf M– lhlj; rf}s dn+ujf, ;nf{xL, kmf]g M– )$^–%@!#(@ hgsk'/ M–/fdrf}s hgsk'/, wg'iff kmf]g M– )$!–%@*@)& d'b0| f M– b'uf{ ckm;]6 k|; ] , dn+ujf tyf Sjfln6L ckm;]6 k|; ] ,hgsk'/ E-mail: madheshpost@gmail.com
? ;DkfbsLo=============== ? cfunfuLaf6 arf}+ udL{ a9b} hfFbf dw]zdf cfunfuLsf 36gfx? klg a9b} uPsf 5g\ . k';df3sf] lr;f]df t ;lNsP/ ;vfk x'g ;Sg] dw]zsf emf]k8Lx? r}tsf] udL{ / xfjfdf ;fgf] lemNsf]n] dfq} v/fgL x'g k'U5g\ . df3 dlxgfdf l;/xfdf / kmfu'gdf ;Kt/Ldf ePsf] cfunfuLn] ToxfFsf] l;+uf] a:tL g} ;vfk agfPsf] lyof] . Pshgfsf] ;fgf] nfk/afxLn] ubf{ l;+uf] a:tL v/fgLdf kl/0ft x'gk' g]]{ Åboljbf/s 36gfx? x'G5g\ . udL{ df};d z'? eP;Fu} d'ns ' e/ cfunfuLsf bb{gfs ;dfrf/ af/Daf/ cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ljutsf o:tf 36gfaf6 kf7 l;s]/ cfufdL lbgsf nflu cfjZos ;ts{tf ckgfpg' lgs} h?/L b]lvG5 . ;fdfGotM cfunfuL dfgjLo nfk/afxLaf6} x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;}n] eljiodf o:tf] ljklQ cfkm"dfly gvlgof]; eg]/ a]n}df xfdL;a};r]t x'g h?/L 5 . xfdLn] ko{fKt ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;Sof}F eg] cfunfuLsf 36gfdf sdL Nofpg ;lsG5 . oltv]/ d'ns ' e/ cfunfuLsf] hf]lvd h] h;/L a9]/ uPsf] 5, To;sf] t'ngfdf cfunfuL eOxfn]sf] cj:yfdf p4f/sf nflu cfjZos tof/L eg] vf;} eO/x]sf] b]lvGg . xfdLx?;Fu kof{Kt dfqfdf bdsn 5}gg\, ePsf klg dd{t ;Def/sf] cefjdf sfd gnfUg] ePsf 5g\ . To:t} 7"nf] ljklQ cfOnfu]df ljklQdf k/]sf] hdftsf] k'gM:yfkgf / tTsfn /fxtsf nflu klg cfjZos ;/hfd u/]sf] kfOFbg} . /fhwfgL sf7df8f}b+ l] v d'ns ' e/sf k|dv ' zx/df cfunfuL eOxfn]sf] cj:yfdf p4f/sf nflu ko{fKt / ;'ljwf gePsf] cj:yfdf cGo 7fpFdf ;/sf/n] ;'ljwf k'¥ofpnf eg]/ cfzf ug{ ufx|} x'G5 . To;}n] :yfgLo :t/d} ljkt Aoj:yfkgsf nflu tof/ x'g' kg]{ cj:yf 5 . w]/} h;f] cfunfuL r'Nxf]df 5f]8]sf] cfuf]af6 x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L s]6fs]6Ln] cfuf] jf ;nfO h:tf lrh v]nfpFbf klg cfunfuL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;sfk|lt xfdL a]nd} f ;r]t x'g' h?/L 5 . r}tsf] xfj x'/L{;Fu} xfdLx?n] ;Defljt b'36{ gfaf6 aRgsf nflu kof{Kt pkfo u/]sf 5f}+ ls 5}gf}+ eg]/ a]nd} f ;r]t x'g ;s]gf}+ eg] kl5 k5'tfpg' afx]s cGo pkfo /xFbg} . cfunfuLaf6 arf}+ / arfcf}+ . /]l8of] dw]z *(=# dnujf % M )) elQm uLt ^ M )) ;femf va/ ^ M #) elQm uLt & M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ & M !% gd:sf/ dw]z * M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ * M !% lxGbL uLt ( M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ( M !% ef]hk'l/of aafn !) M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !) M !% lxGbL uLt !! M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !! M !% g]kfnL uLt !@ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !@ M !% gfr ! M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ! M !% l/Sj]:6 cfj/ @ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ @ M !% ef]hk'/L uLt # M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ # M !) lxGbL l/ldS; uLt $ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ $ M !% x]nf] RjfO; % M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ % M !% 6]G;g k|mL ^ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ^ M !% d}lynL uLt & M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ & M !) ef]hk'/L uLt & M #) ;femf va/ * M )) lxGbL uLt * M $% lala;L g]kfnL ;]jf ( M @) ;femf ;jfn !) M )) gg\ :6k va/ !! M )) sfo{qmd ;dfKt
æuDeL/ k|sl[ tsf ck/fwLnfO{ dfkmL lbg] sfo{nfO{ c:jLsfo{Æ sf7df8f},F !( r}t . a]kQf ePsf JolQmsf] 5fgljg, ;To lg?k0f tyf d] n ldnfk cfof] u sf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] cWofb] z @)^( /fli6« o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g k|lts"n ePsf] eGb} /fli6« o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] cWofb]zdf sltko ljifo ;+zf]wg ug'k{ g]{ cj:yfsf] /x]sf] / dfgj clwsf/;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ ePsf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;DaGwL sfg'gsf] lgdf{0fdf o; lgsfosf] ;'emfj lng'kg]d { f ljw]os pknAw u/fpg dfu ubf{;d]t ;/sf/n] a]jf:tf u/]sf] eGb} cfof]un] cfklQ hgfPsf] xf] . cfof]udf cfh cfof]lht
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l;+x M ofqfsf] of]u sGof M s'ntaf6 ar\g' t'nf M ;;'/fn kIf;+u ;xof]u j[lZrs M ;+tfg ;+u tgfj wg' M cfosf] >f]t a9\g] ds/ M :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ s'De M kfl/jfl/s snx x'g] ldg M ;fyL ;+u e]63f6 x'g] /flzkmnn] h] ;+st] u/] klg /fd|f] sfd u/] /fd|} kmn kfOG5 .
dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ d'2f rnfpg jf grnfpg k| b fg ul/Psf] clwsf/ b'?kof]u x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf a9\g', o:tf ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿n] pGd'lQm kfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9\ g ' , kl/k" / 0fnfO{ kLl8tsf] clwsf/sf] ¿kdf glnOg'h:tf ljifosf] cefjn] klg cWofb] z sdhf] / /x] s f] ;f] cj;/df atfOof] . uDeL/ k|sl[ tsf ck/fwLnfO{ dfkmL lbg] sfo{nfO{ cfof]un] slxNo} :jLsf/ gug]{ hfgsf/L lbFb} cfof]usf cWoIf s]bf/gfy pkfWofon] eGg'eof], æpQm cWofb]zdf /x]sf sdhf]/ kIfaf/] l5§} gful/s ;dfh;Fu k/fdz{ u/]/ kl/dfh{gsf nflu ;'emfj lbg] 5f}F .Æ
cfof] u n] sf/afxLsf nflu l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cleo'Qmdfly clgjfo{ ¿ kdf sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbFb} pxfFn] dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ o; ljifodf sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg] of ga9fpg] eGg] clwsf/ lbg gx'g] pNn]v ug'e { of] . cfof] u sf ;b:o /fdglugf l;+xn] dfgjclwsf/ xggsf kLl8t kIfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbOP klg kL8snfO{ sf/afxL gePsf] u'gf;f] ub}{ o:tf ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmsf] d'2f lkmtf{ lnFbf ef]lnsf lbgdf km]l/ ph'/L cfP sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg] jf ga9fpg] eGg] ljifodf k|Zg p7\g ;Sg] cfzª\sf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
ef/tLo eG;f/df e|i6frf/ sf08n] g]kfnsf] /fh:jdf ;d:of ;'/]z emf lj/f6gu/, !( r}t . k"jf{~rnsf] d' V o eG;f/;F u hf] l 8Psf] ;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo hf]ujgL eG;f/ sfof{nodf ePsf] 3";vf]/L sf08n] g]kfnsf] /fh:jdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 . b; lbgcufl8 ef/tsf] s] G b| L o cg' ; Gwfg Ao" / f] -l;ljcfO{ _ n] hf] u jgL eG;f/ sfof{nodf 5fkf dfbf{ g]kfn / ef/t aLrsf] cfoft-lgof{t;d]t 7Kk ePsf] 5 . l;ljcfO{ n ] hf]ujgL eG;f/k|d'v lzjzª\s/ ofbj;lxt s]xL sd{rf/LnfO{ kqmfp ug' { s f ;fy} ToxfF s f] sfuhft hkmt\ u/]kl5 eG;f/ sd{rf/L / Ph]G6x¿ efu]sf 5g\ . l;ljcfO{ n ] To; ;DaGwdf cfjZos 5fglag klg ;' ? ul/;s]sf] 5 . xfn ToxfF tLg lbg b]lv hf]ujgL eG;f/ ;'rf? ug{ Hof]lt /flbTo sfof{nok|d'v eO{cfPsf 5g\ . k|dv ' /flbTo cfPkl5 ef/tafx]s
t];|f] d'n'saf6 cfoft ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] s8fOsf ;fy hfFr ePkl5 sG6]g/x¿ lelqg ;'? ePsf] lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ clws[t gf/fo0f /]UdLn] atfpg'eof] . cfhb]lv ef/taf6 klg /f]lsPsf 6" s / 6\ o fª\ s / / uf8fsf ;fdfgx¿ cfoft x'g] cfkm"n] ;'gs ] f] atfpF b } hf] u jgL eG;f/sf] clgoldttfn] lj/f6gu/ eG;f/nfO{ cfh;Dd ? @) s/f]8eGbf a9L 3f6f ePsf] pxfFsf] egfO 5 . hf]ujgL gfsfaf6 b}lgs ? tLg s/f]8a/fa/sf] ;fdfg lelqg] u/]sf] atfOG5 . hf]ujgL eG;f/df Jofkf/Lx¿;Fu sd{ r f/Lx¿ / ToxfF s f k|ltlglwx¿n] v'nf ¿kdf 3"; lng yfn]sf] ph'/L k/]kl5 ef/tsf] l;ljcfO{n] eG;f/ If]qdf lgu/fgL a9fPsf] 5, h;sf] kmn:j¿k g]kfnL eG;f/sf] cy{tGqdf ;d]t c;/ k/]sf] 5 . r}t * ut]af6 ef/taf6 cfoft ePsf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s ;fdfg
g5fl8Psfn] pBf] u L tyf Joj;foLx¿nfO{ ;d:of k/]sf] eG;f/ Ph] G 6 /fh] z s0f{ n ] eGg'eof] . ef/tLo ;fdfgx¿ lelqg gkfpFbf lj/f6gu/ eG;f/sf] /fh:j k|efljt eO/x]sf] k|d'v eG;f/ clws[t /fh]Gb| bfxfnn] u'gf;f] ug'e { of] . lj/f6gu/ eG;f/n] rfn' jif{df b}lgs rf/ s/f]8a/fa/ /fh:j ;ª\sng ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . hf]ujgL eG;f/af6 lelqg] ef/tLo ;fdfgx¿ kf; ubf{ ToxfF emGeml6nf] lgod nufpg yflnPsfn] k|ltlglwx¿n] sfd ug{ grfx] s f] lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ Ph]G6x¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . Ph] G 6x¿sf cg' ; f/ hf] u jgL eG;f/af6 lelqg Pp6f 7]nf jf uf8Ldf hlt ;fdfg x'G5, plt g} lanlahs / k|1fkgkq clgjfo{ k]; ug'k{ g]{ afWotfn] eG;f/af6 ;fdfg cfoft ug{ ;d:of k/]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf Ph]G6x¿n] k|lqmof emGeml6nf] ePsfn] lgod dfg]sf
5}gg\ . o:tf] lgodn] 7"nf ;fdfg kf; u/fpg tLg÷rf/ lbg nfUg] hf] u jgL eG;f/ sd{ r f/Ln] atfP . r}tdf hf]u jgL eG;f/ Ph]G6 / sd{ r f/Lx¿aLr ldnf] d tf] d f eG;f/ 5nL x'g] u/]sf] ;"rgf kfPkl5 l;ljcfO{n] 5fkf df/L eG;f/sf cl;:6] G 6 sld:g/ lzjzª\s/ ofbj, ;'kl/6]G8]G6 cfb] z s' d f/ lg/LIfsx¿ /fh]zs'df/ / en]Zj/ kf;jfgnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} hf]ujgL eG;f/df sfo{/t Ph]G6 k|ltlglw nId0f ofbjsf] 3/df klg 5fkf dfl/Psf] lyof] . eG;f/ sd{rf/Lx¿ kqmfp u/]kl5 / Ph]G6 k|ltlglwsf] 3/df 5fkf df/]kl5 hf]ujgL eG;f/df sfo{/t Ph] G 6sf k| l tlglwx¿sf] klg efufefu ePsf] lyof] . hf]ujgL eG;f/df sfdsfh 7Kk x'bF f g]kfntkm{ cfpg] / ef/ttkm{ lgsf;L eP/ hfg] ;of}F dfnjfxs ;jf/L ylGsP/ a;]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/;Fu jftf{ gug]{ c8fg unt M cWoIf vgfn /sf7df8f},F !( r}t . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf cWoIf emngfy vgfnn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgaf/] g]skfdfcf] j fbLnufotsf bnaf6 ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ gug{] lg0f{o x'g' cnf]stflGqs ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5. g]kfn a'l4hLjL kl/ifb\n] cfh oxfF cfof] h gf u/] s f] …;d;fdlos /fhgLlt M g]skf Pdfn]_ / a'l4hLjLsf] e"ldsfÚ ljifos ljrf/uf]i7Ldf cWoIf vgfnn] nf]stGqdf ;a} ;d:of
k+= z+s/frfo{
d]if M lhDd]af/L a9\k+=gz+] s/frfo{ j[if M ;a} ;+u ;xof]u ldNg] ldy'g M Jofkf/df ;'wf/
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf uDeL/ k|sl[ tsf dfgjclwsf/ xgg tyf dfgjtflj?4sf] ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ dfkmL lbg g;lsg] :ki6 k|fjwfg g/flvg', ank"js { a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿ x'gk' g]d { f a]kQf ePsf JolQm pNn] v x' g ' / dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf] :ki6 kl/efiff gx'g' tyf Ifdfbfg lbg ;lsg] / g;lsg] d'2fdf km/s g5'l§Og' cWofb]zsf sdhf]/ kIf /xsf] hfgsf/L lbOof] . o;}u/L Ifdfbfg lbFbf kLl8t kIfsf] clgjfo{ ;xdlt lng] s'/fnfO{ cª\lusf/ gug',{ cfof]un] d'2f rnfpg l;kmfl/; u/]sf JolQmlj?4 d' 2 f rnfpg] ;' l glZrttf gx' g ' ,
jftf{sf] 6]an ' af6 ;dfwfg vf]lhg] ePsfn] ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ ulb{gF eGg]x¿ cfkm}+ nf]stflGqs af6f]af6 lrlKng] bfaL ug'e { of] . pxfFn] ca o'4 u/]/ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ug]{ o'usf] ljZjaf6} cGTo eO;s]sf] pNn]v ub{} jftf{ / lgjf{rgsf] af6f]df cfpg c;Gt'i6 bnx¿nfO{ cfu|x ug'e { of] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], ætL bnn] ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ ulb{gF eGg' unt xf] t/ pgLx¿ hf];uF jftf{ ug{ tof/ x'G5g\ ltg};uF ePklg jftf{df a:g'k5{ .Æ tL bnn]
/fi6«klt;dIf jftf{ ug{] lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . cWoIf vgfnn] ca x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg wfFwnL/lxt / cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] x' g ' k g{ ] klg atfpg'eof] . lgjf{rgsf nflu lgjf{rg u/fP/ xtf/df nt/kt/ gu/L cGt/f{li6«o:t/ / dfkb08sf] lgjf{rg xf];\ eGg] kIfdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{ /x]sf] pxfFn] pNn]v ug'e { of] . cWoIf vgfnn] sfg'gL c8\rg x6fpFb} lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts jftfj/0f tof/ u/]/ ;s];Dd rfF8f]
lgjf{rg u/fpg dfu ug'e { of] . pxfFn] lgjf{rg x'G5÷x'Gg eGg] zª\sf Tofu]/ o;nfO{ g} Ps o'4 dfg]/ Pstfj4 eO{ kl/rflnt x'g kf6L{sf ;a} g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ clkn ug' { e of] . ;xefuL a'l4hLjLx¿n] Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿sf] af]nL km/s km/s cfpg] u'gf;f] u/]kl5 cWoIf vgfnn] eGg'eof], æca xfdL kf6L{sf ;a} g]tfx¿ htf k'u/] af]nk] lg Ps} k|sf/sf] ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{]5f}+ . ca x'g] lgjf{rgdf klxnf] zlQm aGg]5f}+ .Æ
dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x? wg'iff
;nf{xL ;nf{xL c:ktfn laB't k|flws/0f bdsn PDj'n]G;-/]8qm;_ b'/ ;+rf/ dd{t lh= k|zf;g sf lh= vfg]kfgL lh=k=| sf dn+ujf O k|x/L sf= xl/jg O k|x/L sf= xl/k'/ O k|x/L sf= a/xyjf O k|x/L sf= O{Zj/k'/ lh 6«f sf gjnk'/
%@)!## %@!%^) %@)))) %@)!(% !(* %@)!&& %@)!$* %@))(( %#)%!! ^@)#))
%$)#$! ^()@!& %&)#!% ;z:q k| an %@!!#% ;nf{xL SofDk; %@)#&# b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@))!@ hfgsL nh %@!@()
cr+n c:ktfn wg'iff c:ktfn lh=k=| sf= hgkf bdsn ;z:q k| an PDa'n]G;–/]8qm; ;'/Iff u'Nd a}/s ] Po/kf]6{ hgsk'/ /]Nj] cf+vf c:ktfn ljB't km\oh F zfvf a'4 Po/ otL Po/nfOG; uf]/vf Po/ /]l8of] dw]z
dxf]Q/L %@))## %@%*)) %@))(( %@))!! %@&@!# !)@ %@^%*^ %@))$$ %@)@!! %@)#(& %@)!%! %@^@($ %@))$* %@^@($ %@*@)&
/f}tx6
lh k|x/L sf= k|x/L sfG6f]n lhNnf c:ktfn af?0f ofGq PDa'n]G;
%@)!(( %@)))( %@))&) %@))(& %@)!)) ljB't kmo'h zfvf %@))^^ %@)!^^ e+;f/ sfo{no %@!!$@ u0f]z o'jf sld6 %@^#^) le7fdf]8 k| rf}sL %@)@)( Ok|sf alb{af; %%%))^ Ok|sf uf}znf %@($)#
lh k|x/L sf=
l5Gd:tfu0f alb{af;%@(^!( b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@)^&&
b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@!$!%
lh=6flkms rk'/ c:ktfn bdsn laB't /]8qm; e+;f/ sfo{no O k| sf rk'/ Ok|sf= u8'/f Ok|sf= u+uflkk/f g]kfn 6]lnsd
%@)!&& %@)!(( %$)!(( %@)#@* %@)#@$ %@)@&^ %@)!$! %@)@!) %@()!# %^%!(( ^()!)) %@)@@@
uf}/ gu/kflnsf %@)@($
dw]z kf]i6
# tLg ;o k}; “ 7L xltof/ ;ª\sng @)^( r}t @) ut], d+unaf/
dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf kmf]/d nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf k|efjzfnL g]tf z]if hn]n nfO{ kf6L{sf] ;b:otf k|bfg ub}{ ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf /fli6«o cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf] . tl:j/ M dw]z kf]i6
lgjf{rgsf] dfxf]n tof/ x'g] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f ug{; ' \ M ;+rf/dGqL sf7df8f},F !( r}t . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqL dfwjk|;fb kf}8n ] n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] dfxf]n tyf jftfj/0f tof/ x'g] ;dfrf/ ;Dk| ] i f0f ug{ ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ cfXjfg ug{e ' Psf] 5 . pxfF n ] eGg' e of] , æjt{dfg ;/sf/sf] Psdfq nIo ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg :jtGq, lgikIf / wfFwnL/lxt ;DkGg u/fpg' xf], o;sf nflu dfxf]n tof/ u/L hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt u/fpg] sfd ;~rf/dfWods} xf] .Æ /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt -/f;;_, g]kfn 6]lnlehg, /]l8of]
g]kfn / uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgsf k|dv ' x¿;Fu ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnodf cfh ePsf] 5nkmndf dGqL kf}8n ] n] lgjf{rgsf] dfxf]n tof/ x'g] ;dfrf/ Pjd\ ;"rgfnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;Dk|i] f0f ug{ cfu|x ug{e ' of] . ;"rgf k|jfx ubf{ e]befj gug{ / JolQmnfO{ e Gbf ;dfrf/sf] dxTjnfO{ Wofg lbg ;'emfj lbFb} pxfFn] eGg'eof], æJolQm k"hf u/]/ k|ltikwf{ ug{ ;lsFbg} .Æ æ;/sf/L eP klg sfd :jfoQ¿kdf ;Dkfbg ug{'xf];\, dGqfnon] s'g} x:tIf]k ub{g} , /fd|f] cyjf g/fd|f] sfdsf] eflubf/ tkfO{x+ ¿ cfkm}F aGg'xg' 5 ] Æ, pxfFn]
eGg'eof] . dGqL kf}8n ] n] cfkm"n] dGqfno dftxtsf ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ yk :jfoQ / cfly{s ¿kn] yk ;Ifd agfpg pRr k|fyldstf lbg] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df g]kfn 6]lnlehg, /]l8of] g]kfn / uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgsf k|d'vx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfxf]n tof/ ug{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;drf/ ;Dk|]if0f ub{} cfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx¿n] cfˆgf] bfloTj / st{JonfO{ k"/f ug{ s'g} s;/ afF s L g/fVg] k| l ta4tf hgfpg'ePsf] lyof] . /f;;
cjnf]sg tyf cGt/lqmof ;DaGwL b'O{ lbg] uf]i6L ;+rfng dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !( r}q . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;nf{xLsf] cfof]hgfdf lhNnf :t/Lo ;/f]sf/afnfx?;+usf] sfo{qmd cjnf]sg tyf cGt/lqmof uf]i6L ;f]daf/ b]lv ;+rfng ePsf] 5 . zflGtsf nflu hLljsf] k fh{ g kl/of]hgf -Pncf/kL_ cGtu{t lhNnfdf ;+ r flnt /x] s f kl/of] h gfx?sf] af/] d f
;xeflux?nfO{ sfo{ q mddf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . o'Pgl8kLsf kmf]sn kif{g z'lzn s'df/ emfn] lhNnfdf ljut # jif{ b]vL ^& uflj;df Pncf/kLn] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+:yfn] /f]8 ;'wf/, ljh'nL lj:tf/, ;fd'bflos ejg, sNe6{ lgdf{0f, x]Ny kf]i6 lgdf{0f tyf l/e/ 6«l] gËsf sfo{x?
u/]sf] hfgsf/L emfn] lbg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf cj;/df kl/of]hgfn] lhNnfsf blIf0fL If] q sf uflj;x?df ;+ r fng u/] s f] sfo{qmdsf] cjnf]sg ug{sf nflu klg ;xeflux?nfO{ nu]sf lyP . eg] du+naf/ lhNnfsf] pQ/L If]qsf ljleGg If]qdf ;+rfng eO{ / x] s f] sfo{ q mdsf] af/] d f cg'udg tyf hfgsf/L u/fO{g] emfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
uflj; :t/Lo dlxnf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !* r}q . /fli6«o /f]huf/ k|jw{g s]Gb| dn+ujf tyf hfgsL dlxnf hfu/0f ;dfh wg'iffsf] ;+oQ" m ;fem]bf/Ldf ;+rflnt uflj; :t/Lo dlxnf cled' l vs/0f sfo{qmd cfOtaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5.
dlxnfx?sf] dtbfg clwsf/ tyf kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] dtbftf gdfjnLdf gfd btf{sf nflu dlxnf hfu/0f cleGg cGtu{t uflj; :t/Lo dlxnf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmddf lhNnfsf ljleGg !) uflj;df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg sf/0f a; kmf]6f]
;lxtsf] dtbftf gfdjnLdf gfd btf{ ug{ 5'6s ] f] 5 To;nfO{ k"gM r}q dlxgf leq ufpFdf btf{ 6f]nL cfPsf] a]nf gfd btf{ u/fpgsf nflu sfo{ q mddf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] /fli6«o /f]huf/ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf cWoIf lzjhL k|;fb ;fxn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
dxf]t/Ldf ;b\efjgfdf === cWoIf k/z'/fd zfx, tdnf]kfsf ;Togf/fo0f ;fx, nIdLlgof a]/luofsf Pdfn] g]tf cAb'n ;nfdsf g]t[Tjdf ;of}F hgf ljleGg kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/L ;befjgf kf6L{df k|j]z u/]sf] ;befjgf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o pk]Gb| dxtf] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . To:t} ;+3Lo ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf dxf]Q/L lhNnf ;b:o gfu]Zj/ ofbjsf] g]t[Tjdf klg ;b\efjgf kf6L{df k|j]z u/]sf x'g . To:t} Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr kmf]/d nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf k|efjzfnL g]tfx? nIdL dxtf], xl/g/fo0f dxtf], df]= ;dbfgL dG;'/, lszf]/L dxtf], ;f]xL sfo{qmddf uf}zfnf lgjf;L z]if hlx/, z]if So'd, z]if cgj/, O{bl/; gbfj, /f3f] l;+x, dx]z dxtf], ;/f]h 7fs'/, lszf]/L u'Ktf nufotsf JolQmx? ;b\efjgf kf6L{df k|jz ] u/]sf 5g\ . kf6L{ k|j]z ug]{x?nfO{ ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf /fli6«o cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf]n] kf6L{sf] ;b:otf k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
Onfd, !( r}t . cj}w xftxltof/ ;ª\sng cleofg ;~rfng u/] otf lhNnfdf #^% j6f aGb's ;ª\sng ePsf 5g\ . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no Onfdn] tLg dlxgfsf] cjlwdf #^% e¿jf aGb' s ;ª\sng u/L b]ze/d} w]/} cj}w xltof/ ;ª\ s ng ug{ ] lhNnf ePsf]5 . k'; !( ut] klxnf]k6s #% lbg] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]/ k|x/Ln] xltof/ ;ª\sng ug{ yfn]sf] lyof] . xltof/ a'emfpg]sf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} uPkl5 k|x/Ln] k6sk6s Dofb yk u/]sf] lyof] . Onfdaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] of] cleofg b] z JofkL ag]kl5 u[xdGqfnon] Dofb tf]s/] cj}w xltof/ ;ª\sng yfn]sf] lyof] . Dofb ;lsPsf] PsxKtf;Dd klg xltof/ hDdf ul/g] k| x /L gfoa pk/LIfs eLdaxfb'/ bfxfnn] atfpg'eof] . …OnfdÚ nfO{ cj}w xltof/d'Qm lhNnf agfpg] cleofgdf #@
uflj;af6 s6'jf k]:tf]n, 6'sL ad / e?jf aGb's e]nf kf/]sf] xf] . kl5Nnf]k6s bfgfaf/Laf6 5 yfg, dª\unjf/] / ;fFv]h'ª uflj;df PsPs yfg xltof/ ;ª\sng ePsf] lyof] . bfgfjf/L, dxdfO{ , r' n fr' n L, afF e mf] , ;fskmf/f, lr;fkfgLnufotsf uflj;df t:s/n] sf7 t:s/Lsf nflu e?jf aGb's /fVg] ul/Psf] kfOPsf] . cj}w xltof/ ;ª\sng u/L Onfd lhNnfnfO{ u}/sfg'gL xltof/d'Qm lhNnf agfpg] cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf], k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs bfxfnn] eGg'eof] …of] cleofg b]zd} klxnf] cleofg x'g;S5 .Ú o;sf ;fy} k|To]s uflj;df k'u/] k|x/Ln] ;r]tgf sfo{qmd;lxt To:tf cj}w xltof/ ;ª\sng cleofg ;~rfng u/]kl5 olt 7"nf] kl/df0fdf xltof/ e]nf ePsf] k|x/Ln] bfaL u/]sf] 5 . cj}w xftxltof/ /fVg], af]Sg]nfO{ tLg dlxgfb]lv ;ft jif{;Dd s}b
/ ? Psnfv $) xhf/;Dd hl/jfgf x'g] sfg'gL k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5. lhNnfdf j} w flgs ¿kdf klg !)) eGbf a9L xltof/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;ª\slnt xltof/ Ps dlxgfleqdf cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L gi6 ul/g] k|gfp bfxfnn] atfpg'eof] . r]tgfsf] sdLn] ubf{ w]/n } ] cj}w xltof/ 3/df /fv]sf] x'g;Sg] k|x/Lsf] egfO 5 . ca t s;s;sf] 3/df aGb's 5 eGg] s'/f ;a} yfxf kfOof], clwsf+zn] sxfF a'emfpg'k5{ eg]/ cndndf k/]sf x'g;S5g\ ltgLx¿af6 klg xltof/ ;ª\sng ul/G5, bfxfnn] eGg'eof] …Dofbleq klg xltof/ ga'emfpg]nfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL yfN5f}F .Ú aGb's agfpg] k];fd} ;+nUg ePsf sl/a !% hgf ufpFd} ePsfn] pgLx¿sf] gfdfjnL k|sfzg u/]/ /flvPsf] k| g fp bfxfnn] atfpg'eof] . /f;;
l;/xfsf sd{rf/Låf/f ;'/Iff dfu l;/xf, !( r}t . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt l;/xfsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lsf] ;/sf/L lgjf;df ut z' q maf/ /flt ePsf] ad ljikmf] 6 sf] 36gfn] lhNnfsf sd{rf/L ql;t ag]sf 5g\ . ljleGg cf7 sd{rf/L ;ª\u7gn] lj1lKt k|sflzt u/]/ :yfgLo k|zf;g / ;/sf/;Fu ;'/Iff k|aGw ug{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfl:yt lhlj; sd{rf/L kl/jf/, uflj; ;lrj xslxt ;+/If0f s]Gb|, uflj; sd{rf/L ;ª\ 3 , g] k fn /fi6« sd{ r f/L ;ª\u7g, :yfgLo lgsfo, g]kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;ª\u7g, g]kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/L o'lgog / dw];L lghfdtL sd{rf/L d~rn] k|]; lj1lKtdfkm{ t ad ljikmf] 6 sf] 36gfsf] lgGbf / eT;{gf ub}{ ;'/Iffsf] dfu u/]sf] xf] . ad ljikmf] 6 gsf]
36gfsf] 5fglag u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg;d]t dfu ul/Psf]5 . e|i6frf/ / sld;g tGqsf] ;Gbe{ hf]8]/ ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPsf va/nfO{ c;To / lg/fwf/ /x]sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lj1lKtdf cfly{s jif{sf] cGtlt/ cfP/ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ nIo agfO{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] lgjf;df ad ljikmf]6 u/fOPsf] bfaL ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no l;/xfsf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs /d]z tfdfªn] ad ljikmf]6gsf] 36gfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L lhNnfl:yt ;Dk" 0 f{ ;/sf/L sfof{ n odf ;' / Iff lgu/fgL a9fPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs tfdfªn] eGg'eof], ljz] i fu/L /flqdf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu u:tL
a9fOPsf] 5 . 36gfsf] cg';Gwfgdf k|ult ePsf] eGb} tfdfªn] bf]ifLnfO{ rfF8} sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] bfaL ug'{eof] . ut z'qmaf/ /flt :yfgLo lasf; clws[ t ljho/fh ;' j ] b Lsf] ;/sf/L lgjf;df u/fPsf] k]6"f]n adaf6 ;fdfGo Iflt ePsf] lyof] . lgjf;df sf]xL gePsf] sf/0f dfgjLo Iflt geP/ s]xL ;fdfg dfq hn] s f] k| x /Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 36gfsf] lhDdf e"ldut ;d"x t/fO{ sDo"lgi6 kf6L{sf P;l6Pkm sdf08/ s[i0f dw];Ln] lnPsf lyP . lhlj;nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] s]Gb| egfO{ ;'j]bLn] cs"t ;Dklt cfh{g u/]sfn] r] t fjgL :j¿k ad ljikmf] 6 u/fPsf] ;~rf/sdL{nfO{ kmf]g u/]/ dw];Ln] 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf lyP . /f;;
5f8f rf}kfof lgoGq0fdf sf7df8f}F, !( r}t . dxfgu/Lo 6"flkms k|x/L dxfzfvf /fdzfxky tyf sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nLn] 5f8f ufO{a:t'nfO{ sf7df8f}Fsf ljleGg :yfgaf6 lgoGq0fdf lnO{ sf~hL xfp; k7fOPsf] 5 . ;f] d af/ 6f] n Ln] sf8df8f} F s f] 8Nn' a f6 rf/, sfnLdf6Laf6 b'O{, :joDe"af6 Ps, uf] ª \ u a' a f6 tLg, ;fdfv' ; Laf6 b' O { , rKkn sf/vfgfaf6 tLg / uf}zfnfaf6 tLg u/L hDdf !* ufO{, ;fF9] / ax/nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ 6]sl' :yt
sf~hL xfp;df k7fPsf] xf] . sf7df8f}Fleq cfkm"n] kfn]sf ufO{ r/gsf nflu ;8sdf 5f8\g] / wd{sf gfddf ax/nfO{ 8fd]/ 5f8\g] / ;fF9]sf] ljuljuL a9\g yfn]kl5 o:tf] sbd rflnPsf] xf] . 5f8f 5fl8Psf rf}kfof kz'x¿n] ;8s 9fs]/ a:g] / hyfefjL ;8sdf lx8\g] ubf{ ;jf/L cfjfudgdf ;d]t afwf pTkGg x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . ufO{a:t'sf] dnd"qdf ;jf/L;fwg lrlKngfsf ;fy} k} b nofqLx¿ ;d] t nfO{ lx8\ 8 ' n df afwf k' ¥ ofPsf] /
6« f lkms Joj:yfkgdf ;d] t ;d:of cfPsfn] dxfgu/Lo 6« f lkms k| x /L dxfzfvf / sf7df8f} F dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nLn] 5f8f rf}kfofnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng yfn]sf] xf] . xfn sf7df8fF}df dfq} ;'? ul/Psf] of] cleofg qmdzM nlntk'/ / eQmk'/df ;d]t nfu' ul/g] / 5f8f rf}kfof 5f]8\g] ufO{a:t' wgLnfO{ ;d]t cfjZos hl/jfgf u/L ;jf/L cfjfudgdf ;xhtf NofOg] 6« f lkms k| x /L dxfzfvfn] hgfPsf] 5.
dn+ujf ljt/0f s]Gb| sf] ljB't nf]8 ;]l8Ësf] sfo{tflnsf af/ cfO{taf/ ;f]daf/ du+naf/ a'wjf/ ljlxjf/ z'qmjf/ zlgjf/
laxfg÷lbp;f] )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd )*M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )!M)) ah];Dd )%M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )$M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )#M)) b]lv )*M)) ah];Dd )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd
a]ns ' f÷/ftL !)M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !@M)) ah];Dd )@M)) b]lv )&M)) ah];Dd )!M)) b]lv )^M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !!M)) ah];Dd
dw]z kf]i6
lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&
@)^( r}t @) ut], d+unaf/
;h{ldg d'rN' sf agfpg tof/
df]8n tyf gflosf k'gd kf08] ljleGg s'/fn] rr{fdf cfpFl5g . ljz]ifu/L pQ]hs tl:a/ ;fj{hlgs u/]/ k'gdn] rr{f a6'Ng] u/]sL l5g . t/ k'gdn] l/ª b]vfpg] axfgfdf cfkm\gf] ;]S;L lkmu/ b]vfPsL l5g . k'gdn] clego u/]sf] rnlrq …gzf' sf] xfn wdfwd 5fof+ s g eO/x] s f] 5 . of] rnlrqdf df] 8 n k' g d kf08] lgSs} pQ]hs b[Zosf ;fy b]lvb}l5g . xfn} dfq k'gdn] l6\j6/df s]xL tl:a/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sL l5g . cfkm"n] gofF l/ª lsg]sf] eGb} k'gdn] tl:a/ l6\j6 u/]sL x'g .
g]kfnL hgtfsf] lg0f{o g} cflwsfl/s x'g] –sf6{/ sf7df8f},F !( r}t . g]kfn e|d0fdf /xg'ePsf ;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sfsf k"j{ /fi6"klt Pjd\ lb sf6{/ ;]G6/sf ;+:yfks lhDdL sf6{/n] cfˆgf] d'ns ' sf] lg0f{o lng g]kfnL hgtf :jod\ ;Ifd /x] s f] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . cfh oxfF cfof] l ht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf pxfFn] g]kfnL hgtf cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd /x]sf] / pgLx?n] ug]{ lg0f{o g} ;a}eGbf cflwsfl/s x'g] atfpg'ePsf] xf] . tf] l sPs} ;dodf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'gk' g]d { f cfkm"n] g]kfnsf /fi6«klt, cGtl/d lgjf{rg dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf, k|dv ' /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ ;' e mfPsf] atfpF b } sf6{ / n] dg;' g sf] ;doeGbf cfufdL dª\l;/df g} lgjf{rg ug'{ pko'Qm /x]sf] cfkm\gf] ;'emfj /x]sf] ePklg o;af/] g]kfnL hgtfn] lng] lg0f{o g} cflwsfl/s x'g] atfpg'eof] . lgjf{rgaf6 g} g]kfnsf] k|hftGq / nf]stGqsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'gd] f cfkm" ljZj:t /x]sf] atfpFb} pxfF n ] /fhgLlts ;ª\ s 6 ;dfwfgsf nflu k|dv ' /fhgLlts bnn] u/]sf] ;xdltn] d'ns ' nfO{ lgjf{rgdf s]lGb|t u/]sf] eGb} v';L JoQm ug'e { of] . cfkm"n] e]6 u/]sf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf zLif{ g]tfx? lgjf{rgnfO{ ;dod}
;DkGg ug{ k|ltj4 /x]sf] kfPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} pxfFn] g]kfndf rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f] ;+ljwfg n]vg x'gk' g]d{ f cfkm\gf] hf]8 /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . df]xg j}Bn] g]tT[ j u/]sf] g]skfdfcf] j fbLn] d' n ' s sf ljleGg :yfgdf dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf u/]sf] cj/f]w hfoh gePsf]] cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf] atfpFb} pxfFn] cfkm";uF sf] e]6df klg j}Bn] cfkm" lgjf{rgsf] lj/f]wL g/x]sf] atfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf cj/f]w ug'n { fO{ u}/sfg'gL eGb} pxfFn] ;/sf/n] cfjZos zflGt ;' / Iffsf] Joj:yf ug' { k g] { / dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf b]lvPsf] cj/f]wnfO{ xn ug'k{ g]{ atfpg'eof] . kl5Nnf lbgdf g]kfndf dlxnfdfly lx+;fsf] 36gf a9]sfdf cfkm"nfO{ b'Mv nfu]sf] klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . k"j{ /fi6«klt sf6{/n] lj3l6t ;+ljwfg;efdf h:t} o;k6s klg dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt pNNf]Vo x'gk' g]{ / cGo
If]qdf dlxnf tyf cNk;ª\Vos If]qsf gful/ssf] ;xeflutf a9L x'gk' g]d { f hf]8 lbg'eof] . cfkm\gf] g]kfn e|d0f cToGt} ;kmn ePsfdf v';L JoQm ub}{ pxfFn] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfn] ug]{ lg0f{o ljZj ;d'bfosfnflu :jLsfo{ ePsf] atfpg'eof] . oxL r}t !^ ut] g]kfn cfpg'ePsf sf6{/n] /fi6"klt 8f /fdj/0f ofbj, cGtl/d r' g fjL dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdL, Pdfcf]jfbL, g]kfnL sfFu; ]| , g]skf-dfcf]jfbL, dw];L df]rf{df cfj4 bnsf g]tfx?;Fu e]6jftf{ ug' { e Psf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf sf6{/ ;]G6/n] cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] eg] cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klg cg'udgsf nflu ;/sf/;Fu cg'dlt dfu]sf] 5 . pxfF cfh} g]kfn e|d0f ;SofP/ DofGdf/ k|:yfg ug'x{ g' ] sfo{qmd /x]sf] sf6{/ ;]G6/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
xTof ug]{ lu/f]x === ;]gf gfds ;+u7gsf] lhNnf OGrfh{ lhj5 cG;f/L tyf ef/t le7fdf]8sf] xg'dfggu/ b]jfg hL 6f]nsf nlnt ld>f km/f/ /x]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L u/fO{of] .o; 36gfdf ;+nUg t/fO{ Pstf kl/ifbsf cWoIf :jfdL elgg] pd]z ofbj hgsk'/sL dlxnf kqsf/ pdf l;Fxsf] xTofdf klg k|dv ' e"ldsf /x]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . cGo km/f/ cleo"QmnfO{ kqmfp ul/ cfjZos sf/jfxL cl3 a9fO{g] P;P;kL lzj nfld5fg]n] bfaL ug'e { of] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf wg'iffsf P;kL a;Gt kGt, dxf]Q/Lsf P;kL kjg v/]n pkl:yt lyP .
lzIfs cfjZostf 1fgf]bo cfjf;Lo p=df=lj= dn+ujf–( ;nf{xLnfO{ cufdL z}lIfs ;q @)&) df lgDg l/Qm kbdf oyfl;3| kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] x'“bf OR5's pDd]bjf/n] t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug'x { g ' hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . kb M– z}lIfs of]Uotf M– cg'ej M– bIftf M– tna M– tx M– df=lj= z}lIfs of]Uotf M–
lk|lG;kn M.A/M.Ed/M.Sc jf ;f] ;/x slDtdf % jif{ ljBfno k|zf;g rnfPsf] c+uh ]| L efiff af]Ng ;Ifd dfl;s @),))) .– ljifo M– ul0ft tyf lj1fg B.A/B.Ed/B.Sc jf ;f] ;/x ÷dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ejsf] k|fyldstf tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Laf6 b/vf:t ldlt M @)^( r]q @% ut];Dd, ;Dks{ ldlt )^( r}q @^ ut] ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M (*$$)#@$($÷(*%$)#^!)#
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{ x L, !( r} q . :yfgLo ;'sD' af;Lsf] bafakl5 ;nf{xLsf] O{Zj/k'/ uflj; sfof{no ut jif{ ;' s ' D af;L kmf/d e/] s f :yfgLojf;Lsf] 5fgljg ug{ tof/ ePsf] 5 . ut jif{ s } r} t df ;' s ' D af;L kmf/d e/] s fx?sf] ljifodf ;TotYo 5fgljg u/L ;h{ldg d'rN' sf agfpg dfu ub{} cfh uflj; sfof{ n o k' u ] s f] :yfgLo ;'sD' af;L ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] bjfjkl5 uflj; d'rN' sfsf] nflu tof/ ePsf] xf] . pgLx? ;dIf uflj; ;lrj s[i0fk|;fb cfrfo{n] o;sf nflu cfufdL lalxaf/ ;j{blno a}7s af]nfpg] k|ltj4tf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . ;h{ l dg d' r ' N sf gk7fPsf sf/0f cGo uflj;sf ;' s ' D af;L kl/ro kq kfpg yfln;Sbf klg cfkm"x?n] rflx+ gkfPsfn] uflj;nfO{ bafa lbO{Psf] g]kfn e"ldlxg\ ;'sD' af;L ;+u7gsf lhNnf cWoIf d]gs'df/ uf} t dn] hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . clxn];Dd sfln~hf]/, k/jfgLk'/, /fgLu+ h , xhl/of, hAbL, hfgsLgu/, dfgk'/, lqe'jggu/, ;' b fdf / /f] x ' j f uflj;sf ;'sD' af;Lsf k|dfl0fs/0f ug{] sfd eO{ ;s]sf] / ev{/} ;h{ldg d'rN' sf k|fKt ePsf ;f;fk'/ / nfnaGbL uflj;sf ;'sD' af;L k|dfl0fs/0fsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] ;'sD' a;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]usf lhNnf ;+of]hs df]xgnfn >]i7n] atfpg'eof] .
;nf{xLdf o; jif{ afnLgfnL /fd|f] dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !( r}q . kf]xf]/sf] t'ngfdf o;kfnL ;nf{xLdf ds}, uxF,' nx/L nufotsf afnLgfnL /fd|f] ePsf lhNnf s[ifL ljsf; sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 . s[ifL sfof{nosf cg';f/ o; jif{ kmf6\6 km'66\ afx]s ut jif{ h:tf] ds}df bfgf gnfUg] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5}g eg] uxF' afnL klg /fd|} pTkfbg x'g] b]lvPsf] 5. To:t} ut jif{ s f] t'ngfdf nx/L v]tL klg km:6fPsf] lhNnf s[ifL sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . df};d cg'sn " ePsfn] o; jif{ afnLgfnL /fd|f] ePsf lhNnf s[ifL k|;f/ clws[t ljhos'df/ d08nsf] egfO{ 5 . o;}aLr nfdf] ;dob]lv ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g g;s]sf] nx/L afnL o; jif{ km:6fPsf] eGb} O{Zj/k'/sf ls;fg v'zL ePsf 5g\ . O{Zj/k'/ j8f gDa/ $ sf ls;fg lji0f'k; | fb d}gfnLn] o; jif{ nx/L afnLdf s'g} /f]u gnfu]sf] tyf k| z :t dfqfdf kf] l 6nf bfgf nfu]sfn] nx/Lsf] pTkfbg /fd|f] x'g] atfpg'eof] .
ef]sfnfO{ Ps 5fs ef]hg xf]Og hLjg lhpg] h'lQm l;sfcf}+ afFsL # k]hdf
$
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
tflnd ;f]daf/ b]lv ;'?$
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{ x L, !( r} q . ;nf{ x Lsf] nfnaGbLdf ;' / lIft j} b ] l zs /f]huf/ ;DaGwL @ lbg] tflnd ;f]daf/ b]lv ;'? ePsf] 5 . o'/f]lkog o'lgog / o'Pg j'dgsf] ;xof]udf dfgj clwsf/sf nflu hgd~r lkk'n kmf]/dn] tflndsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . tflnddf lkk' n kmf] / dsf cWoIf Pj+ clwjQmf ;f]d n'O{6]n, ;b:o lj/ansfhL /fO{, >f]t JolQm bftf/fd vgfnn] k|lzIf0f lbO{ /xg' e Psf] 5 . tflnddf
;xefuLx?nfO{ j} b ] l zs /f]huf/LnfO{ s;/L ;'/lIft / dof{lbt agfpg ;lsG5 < eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf af/]df ag]sf P]g sfg'gsf] af/]df l;sfOPsf] cfof] h sn] hgfPsf] 5 . tflnddf ;+:yfn] u7g u/]sf] ;fd'bflos ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ;b:o / uflj; ;lrj, /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltgLlw u/L !% hgf eGbf a9L ;xefuL ePsf] lkk'n kmf]/dsf lhNnf ;+of]hs df]xg ofbjn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
dfkb08 cg';f/ ejg aGg] dw] z ;dfrf/bftf wg'iff,!( r}t . hgsk'/ gu/ If] q leq ljgf dfkb08 3/ agfOPsf] eGb} hgsk' / gu/kflnsfn] ejg cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" ug]{ ePsf] 5 . hyfefjL ejg lgdf{0f x'g yfn]kl5 gu/sf] ;'Gb/tfdf x/fpg yfn]sf] tyf e"sDkLo
hf]lvd x'g] eGb} gu/kflnsfn] o:tf] ug{ nfu]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . cfufdL a} z fv ! ut]bl] v ejg ;+lxtf nfu' u/L ejg lgdf{0f ug{ gu/af;LnfO{ hfu?s ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[ t ab| L s[ i 0f z+ v b] j n] atfpg'eof] .
cGwsf/df lhjg ljtfpg afWo dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !( r}q . ;nf{xLsf] OZj/k'/ @ wghf]/ 6f]nsf afl;Gbfx? lah' n Lsf] 6« G ;ld6/ lalu| b f c+Wof/f]df lhjg ljtfpg afWo ePsf 5g\ . @@ lbg klxn] ufpFdf tf/ ;6{ eP/ 6" f G;ld6/df cfunuL eP kl5 :yflgoaf;L cGwsf/df lhjg ljtfpg afWo ePsf] ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf ! gDa/ If]lqo cWoIf ;fla/ lds/fgLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cfkm'x?n] a]/
a]/ tfs]tf ubf{ klg ljB't k|flws/0f cfn6fn ul//x]sf] lds/fgLsf] u'gf;f] /x]sf] 5 . wghf] / 6f] n sf] 6«fG;ld6/ k|flws/0fn] k};fsf] nf]edf cGo 7fpFdf h8fg u/L sd kfj/sf] 6«fG;ld6/ cfkm\gf] 6f]ndf h8fg u/]sf] :yflgoaf;Lsf] u'gf;f] /x]sf] 5 . :yflgoaf;Ln] u/]sf] a]/ a]/sf] tfs]tfnfO{ c8]/ u/]kl5 :yflgoaf;L afWo eP/ ;f]daf/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf 1fkg kq a'emfPsf 5g\ .
k|:tfljt O{Zj/k'/ gu/kflnsf ;nf{xL, !( r}q . ;nf{xLsf O{Zj/k'/, elQmk' / / a] n f uflj;sf /fhgLlts bnn] oL tLg uflj; ldnfP/ O{Zj/k'/ gu/kflnsf agfpg] k"j{ lg0f{onfO{ kl/jt{g gug{] ePsf 5g\ . ;f] d af/ O{ Z j/k' / uflj;sf] ;efsIfdf a;]sf] pQm tLg} uflj;sf /fhgLlts bnsf :yfgLo k|ltlgwLx?sf] a}7sn] k|:tfljt O{Zj/k'/ gu/kflnsf g} sfod ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .
O{Zj/k'/' uflj; ;lrj s[i0fk|;fb cfrfo{ s f cg' ; f/ O{ Z j/k' / , elQmk'/ / a]nf uflj; ldnfP/ O{Zj/k'/ gu/kflnsf sfod ug{ dfu ub{} @)^* ;fndf ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ljifodf cfh a;]sf] tLg uflj;sf /fhgLlts bnsf a}7sn] ;f]xL adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf klg l;kmfl/; k7fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;xsdL{ k|sfz d}gfnLn] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
u'0f:t/ lzIffaf/] cGtlqm{of lj/f6gu/, !( r} t . OG;] s k" j f{ ~ rn If] q Lo sfof{ n o lj/f6gu/n] a}hgfyk'/ uflj;l:yt ;fj{ h lgs dfljdf …u' 0 f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu ;/f] s f/jfnfsf] e" l dsfÚ ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cfh laxfg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ljBfnodf clwsf+z F ljkGg / blnt ;d'bfosf afnaflnsf cWoog/t 5g\ . sfo{ q mddf cleefjsx¿, /fhgLlts bn,
lzIfs, ljBfyL{, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, dlxnf ;~hfn, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, dfgjclwsf/ lgu/fgL ;d" x , uflj;, jN8{ lehgnufot k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{ q mdsf ;xefuLx¿n] cleefjsx¿df r]tgfsf] sdLn] ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf cfwfeGbf a9L ljBfyL{n] aLr}df ljBfno 5f]8\g] u/]sf] atfPsf lyP .
Efmfkfdf xltof/ s;}n] a'emfPgg\ Efb|k'/, !( r}t . u}/sfg'gL xltof/ a'emfpg ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L ePsf] Ps dlxgf lalt;Sbf s;}n] klg emfkfdf To:tf xltof/ a'emfPsf 5}gg\ . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] kmfu'g !& ut] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L u/L u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf /fv]sf ;fgf tyf 7"nf xltof/ #% lbgleq glhssf] k| x /L rf} s L, ;z:q k|x/Lsf] a]; jf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfpg cfu|x u/]sf]
lyof] . k| d ' v lhNnf clwsf/L g/]Gb|/fh zdf{n] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf u} / sfg" g L xltof/ ga' e mfPkl5 To:tf xltof/ /fVg] JolQmnfO{ tLg jif{b]lv ;ft jif{;Ddsf] s}b jf ? ^) xhf/b] l v ? Psnfv $) h/Ljfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g;Sg] atfpg' e of] . emfkf lhNnfdf a] n fa] n fdf r] s hfF r sf] qmddf u}/sfg'gL xltof/ a/fdb ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . /f;;