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( 1 April 2013 )
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k+= z+s/frfo{
d]if M lhDd]af/L a9\k+=gz+] s/frfo{ j[if M ;a} ;+u ;xof]u ldNg] ldy'g M Jofkf/df ;'wf/
egfOdf ;fdfGotof k|fs[lts k| s f] k , dfgjLo sf/0f tyf dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f afnaflnsf cgfy tyf kl/ToQm x'G5g\ . g]kfndf åGå sfndf nfvf}F JolQm 3/jf/ljxLg ePsf / ufpFaf6 knfog ePsf lyP . o' l g;] k m g] k fnsf k|ltlglw xfgf l;ªu/sf cg';f/ g]kfndf afn:ofxf/ s]Gb|sf] p2]Zo cgfy tyf kl/ToQm afnaflnsfnfO{ cf>o lbg] eP klg o:tf s]Gb|df cf>o lng] ^) k| l tzt afnaflnsfsf cfdfafa'dWo] Ps jf b'a} ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . pxfF o:tf :ofxf/ s] G b| d f x' s ] { s f afnaflnsfn] kl/jf/df x's]{sf afnaflnsfsf] t'ngfdf cfkm\gf] hLjgdf lgs} 7"nf] l/Qmkgf ef]Ug] atfpg'xG' 5 . k"j{ ;xfos dxf;lrj uf}tdsf cg' ; f/ j} s lNks afn:ofxf/ s]Gb|sf nflu ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 lgb]lzsf tyf cg'udg gx'bF f o:tf s]Gb|sf] cj:yf lgs} gfh's x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pxfFn] /fhgLlts g]tfx?s} 3/df afn >lds b] l vPsf] / sltko 36gfdf afnaflnsf a]rlavgdf /fhgLlts g]tfx?s} ;+nUgtf ;d]t b]lvg] u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . k"j{ ;xfos dxf;lrj uf}tdn] wfld{s tyf /fhgLlts cleofg ;lxtsf JolQmx?n] ;~rfng u/]sf afn:ofxf/ u[xdf o:tf] cleofgsf] k|efj b]lvPsf] / kof{Kt ;|ft] ;fwg, cg'udgsf/L ;+:yf tyf bIf dfgj;+;fwgsf]
hgtf;dIf k'¥' ofpg] cleofgdf ;xsfo{ a9fpg] 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v 5 . lj1fg k|ljlw If]qdf sfo{/t kqsf/x?nfO{ cg';Gwfgd"ns l/kf] l 6{ ª ug{ ;Ifd t' N ofpg k|fT] ;fxgsf] Joj:yf ug],{ hglxtdf lj1fg kqsfl/tf / ;" r gf k|jfxnfO{ lg/Gt/ cleofgsf] ?kdf hf/L /fVg lj1fg ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ yk bIf agfO ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;';l" rt u/fpg ;lqmo /xg] tyf ;a} ;~rf/ dfWoddf lj1fg k| l jlwsf ;fdu| L nfO{ dxTj lbPsf] k|lta¢tfsf] ?kdf lgoldt :tDe /fVg cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o klg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sfo{ q mdsf] z'ef/Dedf dGtJo /fVb} /fli6«o of] h gf cfof] u sf pkfWoIf bLk]Gb|axfb'/ If]qL, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf ;efklt lzj ufpFn,] jl/i7 kqsf/ uf]sn ' k|;fb kf]v/]n / Pgcf/PgPsf ;fOG; kmfpG8];gsf 8f k|df]b 9sfnn]
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf If]qdf eO/x]sf gjLgtd k|ljlw, g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x] s f df} l ns j} 1 flgs cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ;Sbf] k| r f/ ug'k{ g]d { f hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df vfg] k fgL tyf 9nlgsf; ljefusf k/fdz{bftf xfg x]hg]gn] lj1fg kqsfl/tfsf] d"n dGq g} tYox?sf] ;xL k|:t'lt xf] eGb} g] k fnL kqsfl/tfdf lj1fg;DaGwL n]v, ;dfrf/ / cfn]vx? cem a9L k|sfzg / k|;f/0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 eGg'eof] . g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª sn]hsf cg';Gwftf cg'zLof >]i7n] /fhwfgLsf s]xL :yfgdf ul/Psf] cWoogn] jiff{ s f] ;+ / rgfdf km] / abn eO/x] s f] , v]tLafnLdf ljleGg lsl;dsf /f]uJofwL / emf/n] g/fd|f] c;/ kf/]sf], s[lifof]Uo hldgsf] ljgfz ePsf] / s[ l ifIf] q df ljutdf :yflkt k"jf{wf/ / ;+/rgf gi6 eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
jl/i7 kqsf/ uf]s'n kf]v/]n / Pgcf/PgP ;fOG; kmfpG8];gsf 8f k|df]b 9sfnn] ælj1fg kqsfl/tfM lsg / s;/L <Æ ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ lj1fg / k|ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|L hlt;Sbf] a9L ;~rf/ dfWoddf Nofpg k|oTg ug'k{ g],{ lj1fg kqsf/x?nfO{ pTk|l] /t ug{ n]vgj[lQ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{, lj1fg kqsf/x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'k{ g]n { ufotsf ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] 5. ;f] cj;/df g]kfndf xfn tLg xhf/eGbf a9L cvaf/, $#) eGbf a9L /]l8of] :6]zg / @^ j6feGbf a9L 6]lnlehg :6]zg eP klg To;df lj1fg / k|ljlwsf pknlAw, ;d:of, vf] h / cg';GwfgnfO{ cfdhgtfn] a'em\g] efiffdf k|:t't ug{ g;Sbf ægofF k|ltefÆx? g} cf]em]ndf k/]sf / ljb]z knfog eO/x]sf eGb} lrGtf JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] .
dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x? wg'iff
;nf{xL ;nf{xL c:ktfn laB't k|flws/0f bdsn PDj'n]G;-/]8qm;_ b'/ ;+rf/ dd{t lh= k|zf;g sf lh= vfg]kfgL lh=k=| sf dn+ujf O k|x/L sf= xl/jg O k|x/L sf= xl/k'/ O k|x/L sf= a/xyjf O k|x/L sf= O{Zj/k'/ lh 6«f sf gjnk'/
%@)!## %@!%^) %@)))) %@)!(% !(* %@)!&& %@)!$* %@))(( %#)%!! ^@)#))
%$)#$! ^()@!& %&)#!% ;z:q k| an %@!!#% ;nf{xL SofDk; %@)#&# b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@))!@ hfgsL nh %@!@()
cr+n c:ktfn wg'iff c:ktfn lh=k=| sf= hgkf bdsn ;z:q k| an PDa'n]G;–/]8qm; ;'/Iff u'Nd a}/s ] Po/kf]6{ hgsk'/ /]Nj] cf+vf c:ktfn ljB't km\oh F zfvf a'4 Po/ otL Po/nfOG; uf]/vf Po/ /]l8of] dw]z
dxf]Q/L %@))## %@%*)) %@))(( %@))!! %@&@!# !)@ %@^%*^ %@))$$ %@)@!! %@)#(& %@)!%! %@^@($ %@))$* %@^@($ %@*@)&
/f}tx6
lh k|x/L sf= k|x/L sfG6f]n lhNnf c:ktfn af?0f ofGq PDa'n]G;
%@)!(( %@)))( %@))&) %@))(& %@)!)) ljB't kmo'h zfvf %@))^^ %@)!^^ e+;f/ sfo{no %@!!$@ u0f]z o'jf sld6 %@^#^) le7fdf]8 k| rf}sL %@)@)( Ok|sf alb{af; %%%))^ Ok|sf uf}znf %@($)#
lh k|x/L sf=
l5Gd:tfu0f alb{af;%@(^!( b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@)^&&
b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@!$!%
lh=6flkms rk'/ c:ktfn bdsn laB't /]8qm; e+;f/ sfo{no O k| sf rk'/ Ok|sf= u8'/f Ok|sf= u+uflkk/f g]kfn 6]lnsd
%@)!&& %@)!(( %$)!(( %@)#@* %@)#@$ %@)@&^ %@)!$! %@)@!) %@()!# %^%!(( ^()!)) %@)@@@
uf}/ gu/kflnsf %@)@($
dw]z kf]i6 @)^( r}t !( ut], ;f]daf/
#
cfof]u kbflwsf/L / cd]l/sL r'gfjL ;/sf/ vf/]hLsf k"j/ { fi6«klt sf6{/aLr e]6 lgj]bgx? ;Fu;“u} x]g{ cfb]z sf7df8f},F !* r}t . k"j{ cd]l/sL /fi6"klt tyf sf6{/ ;]G6/sf cWoIf lhDdL sf6{/n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfufdL lgjf{rgsf] ko{jI] f0f ug{ OR5f JoQm ug{e ' Psf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]usf kbflwsf/L;Fusf] e]6df pxfFn] sf6{/ ;]G6/dfkm{t lgjf{rgsf] ko{jI] f0fsf] nflu OR5f hfx]/ ug{e ' Psf] xf] . sf6{/ ;]G6/n] klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;d]t ko{jI] f0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;]G6/n] ljZjsf w]/} d'ns ' df lgjf{rgsf] ko{jI] f0f ub{c } fPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]usf kbflwsf/L;Fu sf6{/n] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df
k' ¥ ofpg lgikIf, :jtGq / wfFwnL/lxt 9ª\un] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ cfkm\gf]tkm{af6 ko{j]If0fsf cltl/Qm cGo ;xof]u;d]t pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] jrg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . dtbftf, gful/s / dfgjclwsf/k| l t ;r] t /x] / lgjf{rg cfof]un] lgjf{rg;DaGwL P]glgod ;+zf]wgnufot cGo ;'wf/sf sfo{ yfn]sfdf pxfFn] To;sf] k|z; + f ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . o; cltl/Qm sf6{ / n] cfufdL ;+ l jwfg;efsf] lgjf{ r gdf ko{jI] f0fsf nflu ;xefuL x'g OR5f b] v fpg' e Psf] k| d ' v cfo' Q m
lgnsi7 pk| t Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cd]l/sL k"j{ /fi6«klt sf6{/n] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfk|lt dfof / ;b\efj /fVg'sf ;fy} g]kfnsf] zflGtk|lqmof, ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t ;+ljwfg n]Vg] k| l qmof / sfd sf/afxLnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNb} cfpg'ePsf] 5. sf6{/sf] g]kfn cfudg;Fu;Fu} x'g] pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts e]63f6n] r'gfjL jftfj/0f aGg ;3fp k'Ug] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . sf6{/ ;]G6/ lgjf{rgsf] lgikIftfsf] nflu cg' u dg tyf ko{ j ] I f0f ug{ ] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf xf] . /f;;
sf7df8f}F, !* r}t . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%* cGtu{t afwf c8\sfp km'sfp cfb]zaf6 ul7t r'gfjL ;/sf/ vf/]h ug{ dfu ub}{ bfo/ lgj]bgdf cfh ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] o:t} k|s[ltsf] bfo/ csf]{ lgj]bg;Fu} /fvL x]g{ cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . clwjQmf uf] k fn l;jfsf]6L lrGtg, s]bf/ u'/fufO{+ / slknrGb| kf] v /] n n] bfo/ ug' { e Psf] ;+ o ' Q m lgj] b gdf GofofwLz lul/zrGb| nfnsf] Psn Ohnf;n] o;cl3 cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ePsf] o:t} k|s[ltsf] csf]{ lgj]bg;Fu} le8fO of] lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf km/s dfusf ljifodf
k' g M Ohnf;df /fVg cfb] z lbPsf] xf] . ;f] lgj]bgdf ;+jw} flgs / sfg'gL x}l;ot gePsf] rf/ bnsf] ;+ o Gq vf/] h ug{ / ;+ljwfg;efdf /x]sf #@ j6} bnsf] ;xeflutfdf ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7gsf nflu cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ug{ dfu ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3 clwjQmf 8f rGb|sfGt 1jfnL / cf]dk|sfz cof{nn] bfo/ ug'e { Psf] lgj]bgdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%* adf]lhd afwf c8\ s fp km' s fpg] sfdsf/afxL u}/ ;+jw} flgs ePsf] / k|wfgGofofwLz cglws[t¿kdf ;/sf/ k| d ' v /xg' e Psf]
lhls/;lxt pQm kbaf6 x6fpg dfu ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] lgj]bgdf GofofwLz nfns} Psn Ohnf;n] k|wfgGofofwLz / dlGqkl/ifb\sf] cWoIf h:tf] b'j} kb Ps};fy Ps} JolQmdf hfg g;Sg] x'Fbf pxfFsf] kbLo kl/ro dlGqkl/ifb\sf] cWoIf dfq x'g] u/L tTsfnsf nflu cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . tL lgj]bgdf /fi6"kltsf] sfof{no, cGtl/d r'gfjL dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf, k| w fgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ s f] sfof{ n o, k| w fgGofofwLz, sfg' g tyf GofodGqfnonufotnfO{ ljkIfL agfOPsf] 5 .
P;L;L Pln6 sk lqms]6 M z/0ffyL{sf] af/]df rnlrq lgdf{0f lht;“u} g]kfn ;]ldkmfOgn k|jz ] sf7df8f}F, !* r}t . Pl;ofnL lqms]6 kl/ifb\sf] cfof]hgfdf eO/x]sf] Pl;;L 6\jfG6L–@) sk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf cfh lht xft kfb}{ g]kfn ;]ldkmfOgn k|jz ] u/]sf] 5. ;d"x r/0fsf] cfkm\gf] clGtd v]ndf l;ª\ufk'/nfO{ !@! /gn] k/flht u/]kl5 g]kfn ;d"x P sf] pkljh]tfsf ?kdf clGtd rf/df k|jz ] ug{ ;kmn ePsf] xf] . g]kfnn] ;]ldkmfOgndf o'PO;Fu dª\unaf/ lqlj v]n d}bfgdf v]Ng]5 . lht xft kf/]sf] g]kfn cfufdL dª\l;/df x'g] 6L 6\jfG6L ljZjsk 5gf]6 v]nsf nflu 5flgPsf] 5 . g]kfnn] k|:t't u/]sf]
@!! /gsf] nIo k5ØfPsf] l;ª\ufk'/ !% bzdnj ! cf]e/df *( /gdf cn cfp6 x'bF f g]kfn !@! /gn] ljhoL ag]sf] xf] . g]kfnn] xft kf/]sf] of] lht 6\jfG6L@) lqms]6df g]kfnn] xft kf/]sf] clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf km/flsnf] lht xf] . l;ª\ufk'/nfO{ ;:t}df ;d]6g\ ] qmddf j;Gt /]UdLn] !& /g lbP/ tLg ljs]6 lnP eg] zlQmk|;fb uf}rgn] b'O{ ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . v]ndf sKtfg kf/; v8\sf, rGb| ;fpb, ;fu/ k'g / k[y' afF:sf]6fn] ;dfg Ps÷Ps ljs]6 lnP . o;cl3 lqlj lqms] 6 d} b fg sLlt{k/' df 6; lht]/ klxn] Aofl6ª
yfn]sf] g]kfnn] @) cf]e/df kfFr ljs]6sf] Ifltdf @!) /g agfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf nflu ljgf]b e08f/Ln] cw{zts agfP . rf}t+ L; ansf] ;fdgf u/]sf pgn] rf/ 5Ssf / tLg rf}sf k|xf/ u/] . o:t} sKtfg kf/; v8\sfn] $$ /g agfP eg] k|bLk P]/L / 1fg]Gb| dNnn] ;dfg #) /g agfpFbf pksKtfg 1fg]Gb|n] !) andf rf/ 5Ssf / Ps rf}sfsf] d2tdf #) /g agfpg ;s] . o:t} z/b e]ifjfs/n] ( andf tLg 5Ssfsf] d2tdf @^ /g agfP eg] k[y' afF:sf]6f ( /gdf cljlht /xFbf ;'jf; vs'/n ] n] % /g hf]8] .
af;L jif{ cufl8sf] g]kfn x]g{ eQmk'/df :jb]zL tyf ljb]zLsf] eL8 eQmk'/, !* r}t . :jL6\h/NofG8sf e"ue{ljb\ 6f]gL x]ugn] ^@ jif{ cufl8 g]kfnsf] ljleGg If]qdf lvr]sf cfsif{s tl:a/x?sf] k|bz{gL x]g{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL gful/sx?sf] eQmk'/df eL8 nfu]sf]] 5 . eQmk' / sf ;Dkbf ;+/If0fsdL{ /ljGb| k'/Ln] eQmk'/sf] bQfqol:yt u5] + d f lgdf{ 0 f ug'e { Psf] 6f]gL x]ug 3/df /x]sf] x]l/6]h Uofn/Ldf tl:a/ x]g{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL gful/ssf] eL8 nfu]sf] xf] . cfh cd]l/sg /fhb"t lk6/ af]8] / pxfFsf] kl/jf/n] 6f]gL x] u g 3/df k' u ] / k| b { z gLdf /flvPsf tl:a/sf] cjnf]sg ug'e { of] . o;cl3 hd{gL /fhb"t k|mG] s d]ls / :jL; /fhb"t yf]d; uf;n] tl:a/sf] cjnf] s g ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns vf]h / cg';Gwfg ug]{ klxnf] ljb]zL gful/ssf ?kdf /x]sf x]ugn]
lvr]sf g]kfnL] ;F:s[lt, ko{6sLo :yn, j] z e" i ff, /xg;xg, ;Dkbfnufotsf tl:a/ ;+/If0fsdL{ k'/Ln] ut r}t # ut] x] l /6] h Uofn/Ldf k| b z{ g Ldf /fVg'ePsf] 5 . oL tl:a/ %) b]lv ^@ jif{ cl3sf x'g\ . :juL{o x]ugsf] $% cf}F jflif{s pT;j tyf !) cf}F :d[lt lbj;sf] cj;/df oxL r}t # ut] x]ugsL h]7L 5f]/L 8f sfyl/g x]ugn] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] of] k|bz { gLdf x]ugåf/f lvlrPsf $% tl:j/ /flvPsf 5g\ . x]ugn] g]kfnsf] vf]h, cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf gf} jif{sf] cjlwdf !$ xhf/ lsnf]ld6/ k}bnofqf ubf{ tL tl:j/ lvr]sf x'g\ . Tolta]nfsf] g]kfn slt ;'Gb/ lyof] eGg] oyfy{tf emNsfpg] k|bz { gL x]g{ cfkm"x? cfPsf] ljb]zL ko{6sx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . clxn]sf] g]kfneGbf klxn]sf] g]kfn clt ;'Gb/ lyof] eGg] s'/f x]ugsf tl:j/ x]/]/
:ki6 x'g] pgLx? atfpF5g\ . k| b z{ g Ldf /x] s f tl:a/df To;a]nfsf] g]kfnsf] ljleGg 7fpFsf] ;f}Gbo{tf, ljleGg hfthfltsf] j]ze"iff, njfOvjfO{ tyf kl/j]z, /xg;xg, pgLx?sf] hLjgz}nL, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{tf Pjd\ P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfsf] df}lnstf hLjGttf kfOg] cjnf]sgstf{x?sf] egfO 5 . k| b { z gLdf k" j { d f s~rgh+ 3 fb] l v klZrddf wjnflu/L / pQ/df d':tfË;Ddsf g] k fnL hghLjgsf tl:j/x? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . o;df ljleGg hfthfltsf ;fF:s[lts emfFsL, b'u{d ufpFsf si6s/ hLjgsf kf6fx?, uf] / vf b/af/b] l v eQmk' / sf] kfF r tn] dlGb/sf] P] l txfl;s ;' G b/tf Pjd\ Tolta]nfsf] ;'Gb/ eQmk'/nfO{ tl:j/df ptfl/Psf] 5 . k'/L eGg'xG' 5 – tl:j/df b]lvPsf] Tolta]nfsf] ;'Gb/ g]kfn x]bf{ hf] sf]xLnfO{ nfU5, g]kfn clxn] ;fFRr} g} s'?k aGb}5 .
O{gf/ ;kmfug]{ qmddf Pssf] d[To', b'O{ hgf a]xf]; ufO{3f6 -pbok'/_, !* r}t . pbok' / sf] /fdk' / 7f] l S;nf uflj;–& ue]{8fF8fdf lxhf] ;fFem O{gf/ ;kmf ug]{ qmddf Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] b'Oh { gf a]xf]; ePsf 5g\ . cfˆg} 3/sf] O{gf/ ;kmf ug] { qmddf @& jifL{ o
a' l 4dfg ljssf] clS;hgsf] cefjdf O{gf/leq g} d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] csf{ b'O{ efO s[i0f ljs / /fdaxfb'/ ljsnfO{ eg] a]xf]; cj:yfdf p4f/ ul/Psf] O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no /fdk'/n] atfPsf] 5 . O{gf/df klxnf a'l4dfg k;]sf
lyP, t/ ljs aflx/ gcfPkl5 cGo b'O{ efO klg O{gf/leq k;]sf lyP . a'l4dfg O{gf/leq g} d[t e]l6Psf lyP .b'O{ efOnfO{ eg] :yfgLjf;Lsf] ;xof]udf p4f/ u/]/ aflx/ lgsflnPsf] :yfgLo s]zj yfkfn] atfP .
bds, !* r}t . z/0ffyL{sf ¿kdf g]kfnL efifL e'6fgL gful/s g]kfnL ;dfhdf leh] s f] b' O { bzs gfl3;Sof] . lzlj/sf] a;fO nfdf] dfq xf] O g lgs} si6s/ g} ef]Ug'k/]sf] oyfy{tf z/0ffyL{sf] 5. /ª\ u d~rb] l v ;~rf/dfWodsf nflu /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ljifo aGb} cfPsf] 5 e' 6 fgL z/0ffyL{ lzlj/sf] 36gfqmd . ToxL lzlj/] a;fOnfO{ bdssf Ps ;flxTo /ª\usdL{n] kbf{ d f oyfy{ t f lbg vf] h ] s f 5g\ . …z/0ffyL{ s f] ljifodf syf n]Vg rf/ jif{ nfUof]Ú ev+{/} dfq 7"nf]kbf{sf] rnlrq lgdf{0f u/] s f …b] z vf] H b} hf" b fÚ sf lgb]{zs k|sfz cfª\b]Da] eGg'x'G5…jf:tljs lzlj/sf] b}lgsLnfO{ lkmNddf ptf/]sf 5f}F .Ú bdsdf lkmNdsf] ev{+/} 5fofª\sg k"/f u/]kl5 klxnf]k6s cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd u/L lkmNdsf
lgb]z { s cfª\bD] a]n] eGg'eof] –…o; lkmNdnfO{ P] l txfl;s jf:tljstfdf ptfg{ vf]h]sf 5f}F .Ú b]z vf]Hb} hf"bf s:tf] lkmNd xf] < eGg] lh1f;fsf af/] pgsf] hjfkm lyof]– …e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] lzlj/sf] oyfy{ t f xf] o; lkmNd .Ú z/0ffyL{ s f] lxdlrd aflSnb} uPkl5 lzlj/;"u glhs ;DaGw hf] 8 ] s f /ª\ u sdL{ cfª\b]Da]n] z/0ffyL{ ;]/f]km]/f]df lkmNd lgdf{ 0 f u/] s f x' g \ . …lzlj/df a;]sf / t];|f] b]z k'gjf{; ePsfsf] ;xof]udf o; lkmNd agfpg ;kmn 5f}Ú" lgb]z { s cfª\b]Da]n] yKg'eof]– …o; lkmNd clxn]sf d"nwf/sf lkmNdeGbf 5'§} df} l nstf af] s ] s f] 5 .Ú Ps dlxgfleqdf ;'l6ª l;WofPsf] ;f] lkmNddf clxn] ? $) nfv a9L nufgL eO;s]sf] lgdf{0f kIfn] hgfPsf] 5 . cfufdL ^ dlxgfleqdf lkmNdnfO{ k|bz{g ul/g] pxfFsf]
egfO 5 . …:jb]zeGbf t];f| ] d'ns ' k'gjf{; ePsf d'ns ' x¿df o;nfO{ k| b z{ g Ldf hf] 8 lbPsf 5f} F Ú cfª\b]Da] eGg'x'G5 . nfOg qm; d"lehsf] k| : t' l t tyf uGtJo lyP6/ g] k fn, Okmsf OG6/g] ; gn kmfpG8];g e'6fgsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;f] rnlrqsf] lgdf{tf jL/]Gb| If]qL x'g'x'G5 . rnlrqdf afa' af]u6L, x]dGt a'9fyf]sL, c¿0ff sfsL{, ;/Ltf cf]nL, dLgf sf]O/fnf, PnkL hf]zL, s]zj cfrfo{, lzjzª\s/ yfkf, wgs'6] sfG5f, /fds'df/ rflDnª, 6ª\s ljsNknufot lzlj/ / lzlj/ aflx/sf snfsf/sf] clego /x]sf]5 . sl/a Ps 306f $% ldg]6 nfdf] ;f] rnlrqdf uLt 5}g . t/ uLt em} jf:tljssf] phfu/ o;/L u/]sf] 5- g]kfn ;/sf/ af]nL b]p, ef/t ;/sf/ af6f] b]p / e'6fg ;/sf/ df6f] b]p .Ú /f;;
jGohGt' ;+/If0f ;Dd]ng ;'? sf7df8f} F , !* r} t . …h} l js ljljwtf ;+ / If0fdf åGå Joj:yfkgM eljiosf] dfu{bz{gÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy @(cf}F jf8]{g ;Dd]ng Pjd\ !!cf}F dWojtL{ a}7s cfhb]lv lzjk'/L gfuh'{g /fli6«o lgs'~h lzjk'/Ldf ;'? ePsf] 5. /fli6«o lgs' ~ h tyf jGohGt' ;+ / If0f ljefuåf/f cfof]lht rf/lbg] pQm ;Dd]ngdf ljefu cGtu{tsf ;a} /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' cf/If0f Pjd\ ;+/If0f If]qsf jf8]g{ , g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L Pjd\ dWojtL{ Joj:yfkg If]qsf cWoIfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . ;Dd] n gdf jGohGt' ;+/If0fsf If]qdf b]lvPsf r'gf}tL / To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{
ckgfpg'kg]{ /0fgLltsf af/]df 5nkmn x'g]5 . jg tyf e";/+ If0fdGqL 6]saxfb'/ yfkfn] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ c;f/sf] klxnf] ;ftfleq} lgjf{rg u/fpg] tof/L ;/sf/n] ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] jGohGt' ;+ / If0fsf If] q df b] l vPsf r' g f} t LnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ;a} ;/f]]sf/jfnf ;+:yfaLr ;dGjo u/L cl3a9g' kg] { vfF r f] cf}Nofpg'eof] . ljefusf dxflgb]{zs d] 3 axfb' / kf08] n ] jGohGt' ;+/If0f tyf dfgj / jGohGt'aLr b]lvPsf] åGånfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Dd] n g cfof] h gf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . g] k fnL ;] g fsf dxf;] g fgL afa' s [ i 0f sfsL{ n ]
jGohGt' ;+/If0fdf yk hgzlQm kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] atfpg'eof] . dWojtL{ Joj:yfkg If]qsf ;+of]hs nj cj:yLn] ;+ / If0f If] q sf] /sd To; If] q d} vr{ ug' { k g] { dfu ug'{eof] . /f;;
dxf]t/L ufl8Psf] === atfpg'eof] . sl/a !) lbg cl3 xTof u/]/ ufl8Psf] ;f] zj k"0f{ ?kn] uln;s]sf] ePklg d[tssf] a' a fn] ;f] zj cfkm\ g } 5f] / f kª\shsf] ePsf] egL ;gfvt u/]sf 5g\ . zj k/LIf0fsf nflu lhNnf c:ktfn hn] Z j/df /flvPsf] 5 .
dn+ujf ljt/0f s]Gb| sf] ljB't nf]8 ;]l8Ësf] sfo{tflnsf af/ cfO{taf/ ;f]daf/ du+naf/ a'wjf/ ljlxjf/ z'qmjf/ zlgjf/
laxfg÷lbp;f] )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd )*M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )!M)) ah];Dd )%M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )$M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )#M)) b]lv )*M)) ah];Dd )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd
a]ns ' f÷/ftL !)M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !@M)) ah];Dd )@M)) b]lv )&M)) ah];Dd )!M)) b]lv )^M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !!M)) ah];Dd
dw]z kf]i6
lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&
@)^( r}t !( ut], ;f]daf/
/x:odo d[To'
rnlrq lasf; af]8s { f] cWoIf kbsf nflu bf}8w'k u/]klg gflosf /]vf yfkfsf nflu Tof] c;Dej h:t} eof] . /]vfnfO{ g t ;/sfn] g} l:jsf/ u¥of] g t rnlrqsd{Ln] g} af]8{ cWoIfsf nflu l:jsf/ u/] . af]8{ cWoIf aGg gkfPkl5 l/;n] cfuf] x'Fb} cd]l/sf xflgPsL /]vf Ps dlxgfkl5 g]kfn kmls{Og . g]kfn kmls{Pkl5 af]8s { f cWoIf wd]Gb| d/a}tf …kKk'' ;Fu lgs6 ePkl5 /]vfnfO{ s]xL kmfObf b]lvPsf] 5 . gflosf yfkfsf] Ozf/fdf af]8{ cWoIf rNg] u/]sf] xNnf klg l;g] gu/Ldf g;'lgPsf] xf]Og . /]vf;Fu …kKk'' glhs 5g eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f xfn} dfq b]lvPsf] 5 . af]8{ cWoIf ag]klg vf;} s]xL sfd ug{ g;s]/ c;kmn 7xl/b} uPsf …kKk'n ' ] /]vfsf] ;Nnfxfdf cuf8L a9\g] 7x/ u/]sf 5g .
lzIff sfof{non] b'O{ s/f]8 uf]ndfn u/]sf] cf/f]k dxf]t/L, !* r}t . lhNnf lzIff sfof{no dxf]Q/Ln] lzIfssf] kf];fs eQfafktsf] kfpg] sl/a ? b'O{ s/f]8 /sd uf]ndfn u/]sf] v'nf;f ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf Psxhf/ (* :yfoL lzIfssf nflu k|ltlzIfs ? ;ft xhf/ %)) sf b/n] x'g] b'O{ cfly{s jif{sf] /sd uf]ndfn ePsf] lzIfsn] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g . sfof{ n on] lat] s f cfly{s jif{x¿ @)^&÷)^* / @)^*÷)^( sf] u/L hDdf ? Ps s/f]8 ^$ nfv &) xhf/ kf];fs eQfsf] /sd cfkm"x¿nfO{ glbP/ uf]ndfn u/]sf] lzIfsn] atfPsf
x'g . utcfa @)^*÷)^( sf] ? *@ nfv #% xhf/ / cfa @)^&÷)^* sf] TolQ g} /sd sfof{non] xfn;Dd lzIfsnfO{ pknAw gu/fO uf]ndfn u/]sf] g]kfn lzIfs ;ª\3 dxf]Q/Lsf nIdLgf/fo0f ofbjn] atfpg'eof] . sfof{ n on] rfn' c fa @)^(÷)&) sf] klg ;f] zLif{ssf] /sd xfn;Dd lzIfsnfO{ afF8g\ s' g } tbf?vtf gb] v fPsf] hn]Zj/l:yt nIdLr08L d'/f/sf pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf lzIfs ;'/G] b| kf08]sf] u'gf;f] ug'e { of] . otf sfof{non] o;kflnsf] kf];fs eQfsf] /sd ljt/0fsf] tof/L
eO/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . lat]sf b'O{ cfly{s aif{sf] /sdaf/] sfof{nosf zfvf clws[t w|j' sf]O/fnfn] k|fljlws ;d:ofsf sf/0f ljt/0f ug{ g;lsPsf] atfpg'eof] . ;f] /sdaf/] :ki6 hfgsf/L lbg cfu| x ubf{ b/aGbLcg' ; f/sf lzIfsnfO{ ljt/0f ug{ /sd ck'u ePsfn] ;f]af/] dGqfnodf cfjZos ;f]wk'5 ul/Psf] zfvfclws[t sf]O/fnfsf] egfO 5 . sfof{ n os} Ps sd{rf/Ln] ;f] /sd o;cl3sf xflsdn] uf]ndfn u/]sf] gfd gn]lvlbg cg'/f]w ub}{ atfPsf 5g\ .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg 1fkg kq dw]z ;dfrf/bftf wg'iff, !* r}t . wg'iff lhNnfsf] pdfk|d] k'/ uflj;df ut @! dlxgf b]lv h]i7 gful/sx? ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf pknAw u/fpg pdfk| ] d k' / uflj;sf j[4j[4fx? jif{ e/L uflj;df ts]bf ubf{ klg ;lrjn] s'g} k|ltlqmof glbP kl5 :yflgo ljsf; dGqL
tyf k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nodf 1fkg kq a'emfPsf 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf tyf ljwjf eQf t'/Gt pknAw u/fpg , h] i 7 gful/sx?nfO{ ;'/Iff eQfsf nflu $ jif{ b]lv eb}{ cfPsf] kmf/dsf] dfGotf lbO{ pQm ldtL cg';f/ ;'/Iff eQf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ nufot # a'+b] df+u ;lxtsf] 1fkgkq k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'emfOPsf]
xf] . dlxnf clwsf/ d~r tyf h]i7 gful/s ;dfh, :yflgo ljsf; clwsf/L dfkm{t :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL tyf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffdfkm{t k|wfgdGqLs sfof{nodf 1fkgkq a'emfPsf x'g . pQm 1fkgkq a'em\b} k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L xl/s[i0f pkfWofon] df+ux? Rff8} sfof{Gjog u/fpg] cfZjf;g lbg' eof] .
lzIfs cfjZostf 1fgf]bo cfjf;Lo p=df=lj= dn+ujf–( ;nf{xLnfO{ cufdL z}lIfs ;q @)&) df lgDg l/Qm kbdf oyfl;3| kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] x'“bf OR5's pDd]bjf/n] t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug'x { g ' hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . kb M– z}lIfs of]Uotf M– cg'ej M– bIftf M– tna M– tx M– df=lj= z}lIfs of]Uotf M–
lk|lG;kn M.A/M.Ed/M.Sc jf ;f] ;/x slDtdf % jif{ ljBfno k|zf;g rnfPsf] c+uh ]| L efiff af]Ng ;Ifd dfl;s @),))) .– ljifo M– ul0ft tyf lj1fg B.A/B.Ed/B.Sc jf ;f] ;/x ÷dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ejsf] k|fyldstf tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Laf6 b/vf:t ldlt M @)^( r]q @% ut];Dd, ;Dks{ ldlt )^( r}q @^ ut] ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M (*$$)#@$($÷(*%$)#^!)#
dxf] t /L, !* r} t . dxf] Q /L lhNnfsf] ;xf]8jf uflj;df Ps o'jssf] /x:odo d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To' x'g]df wg'iff lhNnf wgf}hL s6}of uflj; ! a:g] rGb]Zj/ d08nsf 5f]/f jif{ #) sf /fdafa' d08n /x]s]f s'/f lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dxf]Q/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . dxf]Q/Lsf] ;xf]8jf– * l:yt ;;'/fnL 3/df a:b} cfPsf o'js d08nsf] zj ;;'/fnL 3/df em'l08/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|x/Ln] km]nf kf/]sf] s'/f k|x/L lg/LIfs ;'/h v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . d[tssf ;;'/fnL kIfn] 3/df s;};Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] jfbljjfb g/x]sf] / ;a} hgf ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf pgL kf;f] nufO{ cfTdxTof u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . k| x /Ln] o' j s d08nsf] zj ;;' / fnL 3/df em' l 08/x] s f] cj:Yffdf e]6g\ n ' fO{ /x:odo d[To' eGb} 36gfsf] ljz]if cg';Gwfg ul/g] hgfPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] zj kl/If0fsf] nflu lhNnf c:ktfn hn]Zj/df NofPsf] 5 .
lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{no 3]/fp dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !* r}t . lvn/fh /]UdL g]tT[ jsf] cGtl/d r'gfjL ;/sf/ lj36gsf] dfu ub{ } ;+ l 3o ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] ;nf{xL lhNnf ;ldltn] cfO{tjf/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cfwf 306f 3]/fp u/]sf] 5. kf6L{sf] s]lGb|o gLlt cg'?k ljleGg dfu /fVb} kf6L{sf lhNnf cWoIf u+ u f nfdfsf] g]tT[ jdf ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x?n] laxfg !! ah]bl] v ;f9] !! ah];Dd dn+ujfl:yt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf 3]/fp u/]sf x'g\ . cGtl/d ;+ l jwfgsf] wf/f !$* ljkl/t c;+j}wflgs tl/sfn] wf/f !%* k|of]u u/L afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] gfddf ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] @% aFb' ] ;+zf]wg vf/]h ul/g' kg{ ] , klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrt x'g' kg{,] ljut ;+ljwfg ;efdf /x]sf] ;dfg"kflts tkm{sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] cg'kfg sfod /fVg' kg{] nufot kfFr aFb' ] dfu ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
?vaf6 n8]/ d[To' /fhlj/fh, !* r}t . ;Kt/Lsf] cgf{xf uflj;–* sf /fdu'nfd ;/bf/ d[ t km] n f k/] s f 5g\ .cgf{xf-* l:yt ?v tn a]xf]; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf ;/bf/sf] ?vaf6 n8]/ d[To' ePsf] x'g ;Sg] k|x/Lsf] cg'dfg 5 . ?vsf] Pp6f xfFuf klg ToxfF em/]sf] km]nf k/]sf x'Fbf ?vaf6 n8]/ d[To' ePsf] cfzª\sf ul/Psf] 5 . ;/bf/sf] sfg / gfsaf6 /ut au] s f] k| x /Ln] atfPsf] 5 . kl/If0fsf nflu zjnfO{ uh] G b| g f/fo0f l;+ x ;u/dfyf c~rn c:ktfn /fhlj/fh NofOPsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
$
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf afwf$
wgu9L, !* r}t . kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sng sfo{df g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n] s}nfnLdf cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\ s ngsf nflu d;' l /of uflj;df k'us ] f] lgjf{rg sfo{nosf] 6f]nLaf6 !)÷!@ hgfsf] ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n] zlgaf/ gfdfjnL ;ª\sng;DaGwL kmf/fd hkmt ub} { gfdfjnL
;ª\sng gug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] lhNnf lgjf{ r g sfof{ n on] hgfPsf]] 5 . of];Fu} dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd 5'6s ] f :yfgLo ;j{;fwf/0fdf cGof]ntf b]lvPsf] 5. s] x L lbgcl3 dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] lhNnfsf] r'xf nufotsf uflj;df klg gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf lyP .
/sd 7uL ug{] ;fx kqmfp ;Kt/L, !* r}t . ef/tsf k|Voft sn]hx¿df k9\g k7fO lbg] eGb} g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿;Fu /sd 7Ug] sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf] cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] Ps o'jsnfO{ kqmfp u/L ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] ?n/ sn]h ckm gl;{ªdf cWoogsf nflu gfd btf{ u/fOlbg] eGb} ;Kt/L / l;/xfsf cfwf bh{geGbf a9L ljBfyL{x¿;Fu /sd 7Uf]sf] cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] l;/xfsf] wgu9L-& 3/ eO{ xfn /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf-$ df a:b} cfPsf ljho df]xg ;fxnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] xf] .
sn]hsf] kmf]6f] / a|f; ] /x¿ b]vfpFb} ljBfyL{x¿af6 /sd 7u]sf] eGb} cleefjssf] ph'/Lsf] cfwf/df ;fxnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/Lsf k|x/L pk/LIfs ;~hol;+x a:g]tn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . lgh ;fxn] ;Kt/L / l;/xfsf gf} hgf ljBfyL{;uF ef? kfFr nfveGbf a9L 7uL u/]sf] k| x /L pk/LIfs a:g] t n] atfpg'eof] . otf cf/f]lkt ;fxn] eg] cfkm" lgbf]i{ f /x]sf] / cfkm"nfO{ s]xL JolQmn] km;fPsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
d[ts kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt Efb|k/' , !* r}t . hª\unL xfQLsf] cfqmd0fdf zlgaf/ d[To' ePsf Ps JolQmsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] tTsfn ? krf; xhf/ /fxt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . Efmfkfsf] k[YjLgu/–! Af:g] ^* jifL{ o dª\ u njL/ tfdfªnfO{ 3/glhs} 3fF; sf6\b} ubf{ hª\unL xfQLn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] xfQLsf]
cfqmd0faf6 d[To' ePsf JolQmsf kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k gub Psnfv krf; xhf/ lhNnf jg sfof{ n odfkm{ t k| b fg ub} { cfO/x]sf] 5 . kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ cfh 3/d} k'u]/ sd{rf/Lx?n] /fxt:j?k gub k|bfg u/]sf] / afFsL /sd k|lqmof k"/f u/]kl5 k|bfg ul/g] lhNnf jg sfof{no emfkfn] hgfPsf] 5 . /f;;
l8PeLsf] cfGbf]ng ;dfKt sf7df8f},F !* r}t . l8PeL ;'zLn s]l8of ljZjef/tL ljBfno;Fusf] ljjfb cGTo ub}{ g]kfn lzIfs ;ª\ u 7g / cg] / f:jljo' qmflGtsf/L_n] cfh lzIff dGqfnodf kfFra'bF ] ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u¥of] . lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs njb]j cj:yLsf] pkl:yltdf ;f] ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . ;Demf}tfdf ljBfnon]
lgisfzg u/]sf @! lzIfsnfO{ k'gMaxfnL ug],{ k|rlnt lzIff P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf plNnlvt lzIfs cfrf/;+lxtf / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] to u/]sf] ljlgod kfngf ug]{ tyf lzIfsnfO{ ;]jf, ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ljBfno Joj:yfkg k|lta4 ePsf] lzIfs ;ª\u7gåf/f cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L l bOof] .
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