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( 31 March 2013 )
O{Gb'zs + / lrgL pBf]u cfunfuLaf6 aRof] dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{ x L, !& r} q . ;nf{ x Lsf] xl/jgl:yt O{Gb'zs + / lrgL pBf]u cfunfuLsf] 7"nf] ;+s6af6 ar]sf] 5. pv' k]n]/ lgl:sPsf e';\ -asf;_ sf] 7"nf] y'k|f]df ;lNsPsf] cfuf] kfFr 306fsf] cys k|of;kl5 lgefpg ;Sbf
pBf]u hf]luPsf] xf] . pBf]u kl/if/d} /x]sf] #) lkm6 cUnf] asf;sf] y'k|f]df laxfg !) ah]b]lv nfu]sf] cfuf] ^ j6f bdsnsf] ;xof]udf lbpF;f] tLg ah] lgoGq0fdf cfPsf] pBf]usf dxfk|aGws ljhosfGt emfn] atfP . lhNnfdf /x]sf] Pp6f
bdsn klg lalu|Psf]n] hn]Zj/, /f}tx6, jL/u~h / x]6f}8faf6 bdsn lemsfO{ P sf] lyof] . asf;sf] y'kf| ] leqleq} ;lNsPsf] cfuf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{Psfn] 7"nf] Iflt x'gaf6 pBf]u ar]sf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . cfuf] lgefpg] sfo{df 7"nf] ;+Vofdf pBf]usf sd{rf/L,
:yfgLojf;L, g]kfn tyf ;z:q k|x/L vl6Psf lyP . r9\bf] udL{;uF } ;nf{xLdf b}lgs cfunfuLsf 36gf eO{/x]sf 5g\ . z'qmaf/ klg aonaf; ahf/df cfunfuL xFb' f %) j6f 6x/f hn]sf lyP eg] wgu9f-% dxf]uf 6f]ndf cfunfuL xFb' f kfFr 3/ gi6 ePsf lyP .
…;fIf/ ;nf{xL cleofgÚ a}zfvaf6 z'? x'g] dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !& r}q . lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;nf{xLn] …;fIf/ ;nf{xL cleofgÚ z'? u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ;a}nfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] p2]Zon]
…;fIf/ ;nf{xL cleofgÚ z'? u/]sf] lzIff sfof{nosf k|fljlws ;xfofs ;'lgns'df/ s'zjfxfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;nf{xLdf !% b]lv ^) aif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf sl/a b'O{ nfv
tLg xhf/ tLg ;o rf/ lg/If/ /x]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . cleofgsf] klxnf] r/0fdf !! j6f uflj;sf !* xhf/ % ;o lg/If/ JolQmnfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] nIo cleofgn] lnPsf] 5 .
;b\efjgf cWoIf dxtf] ;DdfgLt dw]z ;dfrf/bftf slknj:t', !& r}t . ;befjgf kf6L{sf cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf]nfO{ /fHo lalxg o"jf ;+3if{ ;ldtL slkna:t'n] zlgaf/ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . slkna:t' s f] tf} n Ljxfdf zlgaf/ Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ cWoIf dxtf] ;DdfgLt u/]sf] xf] . ;befjgf kf6L{n] ljut nfdf] ;do b]vL gfu/Lstfsf] ;jfndf cfjfh p7fpb} cfPsf] eGb} /fHo lalxg o'jf ;+3i{ f ;ldltn] cWoIf dxtf]nfO{ ;DdfgL u/]sf] xf] . /fHo lalxg o'jf ;+3{if ;ldltsf cWoIf ;+ u Ltf rf} / ;Lofn] cWoIf dxtf] n fO{ ;DggLt ug'x'b} /fHo ljlxg
gu/Lsx?sf] kIfdf ;befjgf kf6L{ p7fPsf] cfjh ;/fxgLo ePsf] atfpg'eof] . o;cl3 cWoIf dxtf]n] dw]z ldl8of ;f];fO6Ln] cfof]hgf
u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Ng' x'b} lgjf{rgdf hfg] s'/faf6 s'g} bnn] /f]Sg' unt s'/f /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] afFsL # k]hdf
c? lhNnfx?df tLg dlxgf klxn] b] l v cleofg ;+rfng eP klg ;nf{xLdf eg] a}zfv ! ut]b]lv sIff ;+rfng x'g] hgfOPsf] 5 . cleofgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg lzIff sfof{no ;nf{xLn] lhNnfdf /x]sf ;Dk'0f{ ;Dk'0f{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, gful/s ;dfh, lzIfs, /fhgLlt bnnufotnfO{ ;fIf/tf ljj/0f a'emfpg cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} gj ;fIf/x? ;fIf/ ePsf] ljj/0f glhssf] ljBfnoaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fO{ @)&) c;f/ d;fGtleq sfof{ n odf a' e mfpg cg' / f] w u/] s f] 5. s] x L klg lg/If/ gxf]pg eGg] p2]Zon] …;fIf/ ;nf{xL cleofgÚ z'? u/]sf] lzIff sfof{ n osf k| f ljlws ;xfos s'zjfxfn] atfpg'eof] .
ef]sfnfO{ Ps 5fs ef]hg xf]Og hLjg lhpg] h'lQm l;sfcf}+
lj1fkgsf] nflu vfnL 5 . ;Dks{ gDa/ dn+ujf M– (&$$))#*)^, (*$$)**!%) )$^–%@!#(@ hgsk'/ M– (*$$!!(&$^ )$!–%@*@)^
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ljBfyL{ d~rsf] cWoIfdf ;Gtf]if dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !& r}q . ;befjgf kf6L{ lgs6 ljBfyL{ d~r ;nf{xLsf] cWoIfdf ;Gtf]ifs'df/ ;fx k'gM rog ePsf 5g\ . dn+ u jfdf zlgaf/ ;DkGg rf}+yf] lhNnf clwj]zgn] ;Gtf]ifs'df/ ;fxsf] g]t[Tjdf @! ;b:oLo gofF sfo{ ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . b'O{ lbg ;Dd rn]sf] clwj] z gaf6 ;j{ ; DdtLn] pkfWoIfdf ?k]z /fo, r'gr'g ofbj, ;lrjdf cd/gfy ;fx, ;x;lrjdf /fh]z ;fx, k|rf/ ;lrjdf Zofd;' G b/ ;fx, sf] i ffWoIfdf ;+ h o s' d f/ >Ljf:tj, ;b:ox?df s[i0fs'df/ ofbj, rGb|lszf]/ d'lvof, d]y'g rf}w/L, /fd k|j]z ;fx, sfGtL
dxtf], lj0ff ofbj, l/gf kl08t, uf}/Lz+s/ k|;fb ofbj, ;'/]Gb| dxtf], ;+ho s'df/ /fo, cvn]z ofbj tyf lblnk dxtf]nfO{ rog u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L clwj]zgaf6 lhNnfsf 5 j6} lgjf{rg If]qdf ljBfyL{ d~rsf] If] q Lo sfo{ ;ldlt ;d]t rog ul/Psf] 5 . h;df If]q g+= @ sf] cWoIfdf lbu]Zj/ gfos, If]q g+=# sf] cWoIfdf x]dGt rf}w/L, If]q g+= $ sf] cWoIfdf cjw]z s'df/ bf;, If]q g+= % sf] cWoIfdf /fhgf/fo0f ofbj, If]q g+= ^ sf] cWoIfdf /fh]z ;fx rog ePsf 5g\ . If]q g+= ! df eg] kl5 rog ul/g] gj lgjf{lrt cWoIf ;fxn] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .
ef/tsf] ;f]gjiff{df Aofkf/Lsf] xTof dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{ x L, !& r} q . ef/tsf] ;f]gjiff{df zlgaf/ lbpF;f] Ps ;6xL Jofkf/LnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof
jifL{o k|df]b dxtf]nfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] xf] . ef? df]x/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ dxtf]nfO{ pkrf/sf] nflu nub} ubf{ af6f]d} d[To' ePsf]
k|df]b dxtf]nfO{ uf]nL xfGg] cleo'Qm . tl:j/ M dw]z kf]i6 ul/Psf] 5 . ef/tLo k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . b' O { hgfsf] ;d" x df uf]nL xfg]/ efUb} u/]sf] cfPsf xltof/Lwf/Ln] cfkm\gf] d'hl] nofsf gy'gL nx]/Lsf 5f]/f k;ndf a;] s f ;f] g jiff{ s f ;bfd nx]/LnfO{ :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] /fdPsjfn dxtf]sf 5f]/f #% afFsL # k]hdf
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lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f agfOlbg cfof]usf] cfu|x k|aGw lgb]{zs sfo{ s f/L ;Dkfbs hgsk'/ k|ltlglw k| s fzs
M– lgd]if s0f{ M– ljZjgfy 7fs' / M– a6'sgfy emf M– dw] z sf nflu ;~rf/ sfof{no
dn+ujf M– lhlj; rf}s dn+ujf, ;nf{xL, kmf]g M– )$^–%@!#(@ hgsk'/ M–/fdrf}s hgsk'/, wg'iff kmf]g M– )$!–%@*@)& d'b0| f M– b'uf{ ckm;]6 k|; ] , dn+ujf tyf Sjfln6L ckm;]6 k|; ] ,hgsk'/ E-mail: madheshpost@gmail.com
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zlgaf/ k|dv ' bnsf g]tfx? / /fi6«kltaLr ePsf] 5nkmndf g]tfx?n] c;f/df lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] ;+st] u/]sf va/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . lgjf{rg cfof]u :jod\n] klg bnx?;Fusf] 5nkmndf gful/stf ljt/0f, ;'/Iffsf] l:yltsf af/]df u[xdGqfno;Fu 5nkmn u/]kl5 dfq} ldltsf af/] s]xL eGg ;lsg] atfPsf] 5 . cToGt} hl6n kl/l:yltdf dlGqkl/ifbsf] cWoIf ag]sf lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{ bnsf g]tfx?h:tf] cfh lgjf{rgsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff u/]/ km]l/ b'O{ lbgkl5 To;nfO{ ;fg{ ;lhnf] klg 5}g . lgjf{rgsf] lj/f]wdf /x]sf] g]skf–dfcf]jfbL nufotsf bnx?;Fusf] jftf{kl5 lgjf{rg x'g] ;'lglZrttf ;Fu} lgjf{rgsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff ug]{ d'8df b]lvG5 ;/sf/ / lgjf{rg cfof]u . t/ klg ljleGg d~rx?df g]tfx?n] c;f/sf] klxnf] xKtfdf lgjf{rg x'G5 eGg 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . /]UdL ;/sf/ u7g x'Fb} 5f]6f] ;dodf lgjf{rg ;Dej 5}g eg]/ bnsf g]tfx?n] :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf lyP aflx/ geg]sf dfq} x'g\ . lgjf{rg c;f/sf] klxnf] ;ftf gx'g] xf] eg] cg]sf}+ dfu / hl6ntfx? ylkg] rfxL+ lglZrt 5 . sflt{s jf d+;L/df x'g] lgjf{rg klg TotL ;xh eg] x'g] 5}g . lj3l6t ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] a]nf / clxn]sf] cj:yfdf d'ns ' sf] zlQm ;Gt'ngdf w]/} kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . hgtfx?n] cfufdL lgjf{rgdf JoQm ug]{ cledt kSs} klg ljutsf] eGbf km/s x'g] lglZrt 5 . To;}n] klg lgjf{rg d'n'ssf nflu cfjZos 5. c;f/df r'gfj x'g g;Sg] xf] eg] /fhgLlts bn / g]tfx?n] csf]{ lgjf{rg gx'Fbf;Dd d''n'ssf] l:yltnfO{ ;DxfNgsf nflu yk lhDd]jf/ aGg' plQs} h?/L 5 . ;dfhdf åGå a9fpg] / cfkm\gf] :jfy{k"lt{ ug]{ tkm{ nfUg' eGbf klg ;a}lt/af6 h]lnPsf] d''n'ssf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;xh lgsf; lbg / slDtdf klg csf]{ lgjf{rg;Dd zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu bnx?df c;Ld w}os { f] vfFrf] kg]5 { . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]tfx?n] leq Pp6f / aflx/ Pp6f s'/f u/]/ hgtf lhNofpg] sfd ug'{eGbf klg ;xL hfgsf/L lbg] ;fx; ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . /]l8of] dw]z *(=# dnujf % M )) elQm uLt ^ M )) ;femf va/ ^ M #) elQm uLt & M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ & M !% gd:sf/ dw]z * M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ * M !% lxGbL uLt ( M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ( M !% ef]hk'l/of aafn !) M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !) M !% lxGbL uLt !! M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !! M !% g]kfnL uLt !@ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !@ M !% gfr ! M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ! M !% l/Sj]:6 cfj/ @ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ @ M !% ef]hk'/L uLt # M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ # M !) lxGbL l/ldS; uLt $ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ $ M !% x]nf] RjfO; % M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ % M !% 6]G;g k|mL ^ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ^ M !% d}lynL uLt & M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ & M !) ef]hk'/L uLt & M #) ;femf va/ * M )) lxGbL uLt * M $% lala;L g]kfnL ;]jf ( M @) ;femf ;jfn !) M )) gg\ :6k va/ !! M )) sfo{qmd ;dfKt
sf7df8f} F , !& r} t . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu jftfj/0f agfOlbg lgjf{ r g cfof]un] /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . zlgjf/ ;fFem cfof]usf] sfof{ n odf k| d ' v /fhgLlts bnsf zLif{ g] t fx¿;F u sf] 5nkmndf cfof] u n] tTsfn lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f agfOlbg cfu|x u/]sf] xf] . cfof] u n] dtfbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\ s ngsf] qmddf b] z sf ljleGg :yfgdf s] x L /fhgLlts ;d" x n] cj/f] w k'¥ofPsf] eGb} ;f] cfu|x u/]sf] xf] . cfof]un] /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{ k|dv ' rf/ /fhgLlts zlQm PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_, g]kfnL sfFu; ]| , g]skf
ss{6 M wft'af6 nfe
l;+x M ofqfsf] of]u sGof M s'ntaf6 ar\g' t'nf M ;;'/fn kIf;+u ;xof]u j[lZrs M ;+tfg ;+u tgfj wg' M cfosf] >f]t a9\g] ds/ M :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ s'De M kfl/jfl/s snx x'g] ldg M ;fyL ;+u e]63f6 x'g] /flzkmnn] h] ;+st] u/] klg /fd|f] sfd u/] /fd|} kmn kfOG5 .
bnx¿n] r' g fjsf] lj/f] w ul//x]sfn] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff ug{ g;lsPsf] bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] . bnx¿aLr ePsf] ;xdltcg' ; f/ c;f/ klxnf] ;ftfleq lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ xf] eg] bnx¿aLr /fhgLlts ;xdlt h'6g\ s ' f] ljsNk gePsf] cfof]usf] egfO 5 . dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf df]xg j}B g]tT[ jsf] dfcf]jfbLn] cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf] eGb} u[x dGqfno;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ ;' / IffTds pkfo cjnDag ug'{kg]{df cfof]un] hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] .5nkmndf k|dv ' /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ bnx¿aLr ;xdltsf] k|of; u/L /x]sf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
pxfF x ¿n] lgjf{ r gsf nflu ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f agfpg tof/ /x]sf] eGb} cfof]unfO{ lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjZos tof/Ldf h'6\g ;'emfj;d]t lbg'ePsf] lyof] . zLif{ g]tfx¿n] tTsfn lgjf{rgsf] ldlt to ug{ / lgjf{ r gsf] ljifodf s'g} klg cfzª\sf gug{ cfu|x ug'e { Psf] lyof] . 5nkmndf PsLs[ t g] s kf -dfcf] j fbL_sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn, g]kfnL sfFu; ]| sf ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, g]skf -Pdfn]_sf cWoIf emngfy vgfn, dw] ; L hgclwsf/ kmf] / d nf] s tflGqs_sf cWoIf ljhos'df/ uR5bf/nufotsf g] t fx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x] s f] lyof] .
;/sf/ tfgfzfxL af6f]df lxF85\ eGg] ljZjf; 5}g M sf]O/fnf sf7df8f} F , !& r} t . g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf ;efklt ;' z Ln sf]O/fnfn] Gofo ;]jfdf vfl/Psf JolQmn] cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\sf] g]tT[ j u/]sfn] ;/sf/ tgfzfxL af6f]df glxF8\g] ljZjf; JoQm ug{e ' Psf] 5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ædnfO{ ;/sf/ tfgfzfxL af6f]df lxF8\5 eGg] ljZjf; 5}g .Æ g] k fn 6« ] 8 o' l gog sfFu|]; :jtGqåf/f cfh oxfF cfof]lht sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] eGg'eof]– æ;/sf/ tfgfzfxL af6f]df lxF8d ] f Ps wSsfd} x6fpF5f}F .Æ PsLs[ t g] s kf -dfcf] j fbL_sf pkfWoIf 8f afa' / fd e§/fO{ s f] g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/ x6fpg / lgjf{rgsf] ;'lglZrttfdf g} kf6L{n] lvn/fh /] U dLsf] cWoIftfdf cGtl/d r'gfjL ;/sf/ :jLsf/ u/]sf] :ki6 kfb{} pxfFn] o;df s'g} zª\sf-
pkzª\sf gug{ sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ cfu|x;d]t ug{e ' of] . ;efklt sf] O /fnfn] PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf sf/0f ;+ l jwfg hf/L ug{ gkfpF b } ;+ljwfg;ef cj;fg ePsf] x'bF f cfˆgf] bnn] lgjf{rg g} k|dv ' nIo agfPsf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . pxfFn] kf6L{leqsf ;a} tLtf s'/fnfO{ r6Ss} la;{]/ lgjf{rgdf h'6\g cfXjfg;d]t ug{e ' of] . g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf jl/i7 g] t f z] / axfb' / b] p jfn] g] s fn] hª\undf /x]sf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fhgLltsf] d" n wf/df NofP/ ljZjnfO{ g} rlst kf/] s f] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] kf6L{leq s'g} u'6pku' 6 g/x] s f] / lgjf{ r gsf] dfxf]ndf l;ª\uf] kf6L{ Psh'6 eP/ xf]ld;s]sf] rrf{ ug{e ' of] . jl/i7 g] t f b] p jfn] eGg' e of] – æl56f] lgjf{ r gsf] 3f] i f0ff ug{ ' k ¥of] ,
c;f/df ug{ g;Sg] xf] eg] dª\ l ;/df ldlt 3f] i f0ff ug{k' ¥of] .Æ g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf pk;efklt /fdrGb| kf} 8 ] n n] kf6L{ n ] cjnDag u/] s f] k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbLsf] af6f]nfO{ cGo kf6L{n] cjnDag u/L ljhoL eO;s]sf t/ g]kfnL sfFu; ]| k5fl8 kg{ ' lrGtfsf] ljifo /x] s f] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]ækf6L{ n fO{ ls;fgsf] kf6L{ / >ldssf] ;fyL agfpg cfjZos 5 .Æ g]sfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljdn] G b| lglwn] /fli6« o tf / k|hftGqnfO{ aGbsL /fv]/ kf6L{n] sf]xL;Fu ;Demf}tf gu/]sf] eGb} 8f afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] ;/sf/nfO{ lj:yflkt ug{ d fq jt{ d fg ;/sf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . csf{ s] G b| L o ;b:o
Pjd\ kf6L{ >lds ljefusf k|dv ' ab|L kf08]n] kf6L{sf] tNnf]txb]lv s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd >lds ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj cfjZos /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . g] k fn 6« ] 8 o' l gog sfF u | ] ; :jtGqsf cWoIf nId0faxfb'/ a:g]t / dxf;lrj cRo' t /fh kf08] n ] cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu 6]8" o'lgog sfFu; ]| kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x] s f] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;}aLr, g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog sfFu; ]| :jtGqn] cufdL lgjf{rgdf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] dtflwsf/ Joj:yf ug{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffnufotsf >d P]g;DaGwL cWofb]zx¿ cljnDa hf/L ug{, kf6L{sf ufpFtxb]lv s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd ;xeflutf u/fpg dfu;d] t u/]sf] 5 . /f;;
zflGtk"0f{ / lgikIf 9ª\un] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ ;/sf/ k|lta4M cWoIf /]UdL sf7df8f},F !& r}t . dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdLn] cf;Gg ;+ l jwfg;efsf] lgjf{ r gnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ / lgikIf 9ª\un] ;DkGg ug{ ;/sf/ k| l ta4 /x] s f] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . kfNkfnL ;ª\ u dåf/f cfof]lht kfNkfnL ;f+:s[lts dxf]T;j-@)^( sf] cfh oxfF pb\3f6g ub}{ pxfFn] lbuf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ nIfnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg ;/sf/ ljz]if cleofgsf ;fy ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ k|lqmofdf /x]sf] eGb} o;df cf-cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;xof]u ug{
k+= z+s/frfo{
d]if M lhDd]af/L a9\k+=gz+] s/frfo{ j[if M ;a} ;+u ;xof]u ldNg] ldy'g M Jofkf/df ;'wf/
-Pdfn]_ / ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] xf] . cfof]usf kbflwsf/L / rf/ bnsf zLif{ g]tfaLr ePsf] ;f] 5nkmndf bnx¿aLr ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f geP;Dd lgjf{rgsf] nflu r'gf}tL /x]sf] eGb} tTsfn ;f] ;d:of xn ug{k' g]d { f hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . lgjf{ R fg cfof] u sf cfo'Qm 8f cof]wLk|;fb ofbjsf cg' ; f/ cfhsf] 5nkmndf lgjf{rgsf nflu cfof]un] u/]sf] tof/L / lgjf{rg u/fpg cfof]usf r'gf}tLx¿sf ljifodf k|dv ' bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf cfof] u n] g]skf–dfcf]jfbL / c¿ ;fgf
cfu|x ug'e { of] . pxfFn] g]kfn ljljw k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwg / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] wgL eP klg /fhgLlts :yfloTj k|fKt x'g g;s]sfn] ljsf; / cfly{s ;d[l4 k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] pNn]v ug'e { of] . cWoIf /]UdLn] kfNkfnL ;f+:s[lts dxf]T;jn] cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{6g k|j4{gdf pNn]vgLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug's { f ;fy} g]kfnsf] If]qLo ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftf;Fu 3'nldn / kl/lrt x'g ;a}nfO{ cj;/ l;h{gf ePsf] 5 eGg'eof] . ux[ d GqL tyf k//fi6« d GqL dfwjk| ; fb l3ld/] n ] ljlzi6
kl/l:yltdf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf ag]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eo/lxt 9ª\un] :jtGq, lgikIf / ;'/lIft agfpg] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ k|lta4 /x]sf] eGb} o;df ;a}sf] ;xof]u rflxg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;/sf/ clxn] lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL k|lqmofdf h'l6/x]sf] eGb} r'gfjL jftfj/0f agfpg /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xof]u rflxg] atfpg'eof] . dGqL l3ld/]n] kfNkfsf] P]ltxfl;s ;f+:s[lts klxrfg tyf ko{6g k|j4{gnfO{ phfu/ ug{ dxf]T;j pkof]uL x'g]
ljZjf; JoQm ug{e' of] . sfo{qmddf k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s'a/] l;+x /fgfn] ck/fw /f]syfd, lgoGq0f / zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{ k|x/L ;ª\u7g k| l ta4 /x] s f] eGb} cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'/lIft / eo/lxt agfpg pQm r'gf}tLk"0f{ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ cj;/sf ¿kdf lnPsf] atfpg'eof] . kfNkfnL ;ª\ u dsf ;+:yfks cWoIf sdn/fh /]UdL / ;ª\udsf jt{dfg cWoIf o1k|;fb zdf{ n ] kfNkfsf] P] l txfl;s, ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf af/]df rrf{ ug'e { Psf] lyof] .
dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x? wg'iff
;nf{xL ;nf{xL c:ktfn laB't k|flws/0f bdsn PDj'n]G;-/]8qm;_ b'/ ;+rf/ dd{t lh= k|zf;g sf lh= vfg]kfgL lh=k=| sf dn+ujf O k|x/L sf= xl/jg O k|x/L sf= xl/k'/ O k|x/L sf= a/xyjf O k|x/L sf= O{Zj/k'/ lh 6«f sf gjnk'/
%@)!## %@!%^) %@)))) %@)!(% !(* %@)!&& %@)!$* %@))(( %#)%!! ^@)#))
%$)#$! ^()@!& %&)#!% ;z:q k| an %@!!#% ;nf{xL SofDk; %@)#&# b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@))!@ hfgsL nh %@!@()
cr+n c:ktfn wg'iff c:ktfn lh=k=| sf= hgkf bdsn ;z:q k| an PDa'n]G;–/]8qm; ;'/Iff u'Nd a}/s ] Po/kf]6{ hgsk'/ /]Nj] cf+vf c:ktfn ljB't km\oh F zfvf a'4 Po/ otL Po/nfOG; uf]/vf Po/ /]l8of] dw]z
dxf]Q/L %@))## %@%*)) %@))(( %@))!! %@&@!# !)@ %@^%*^ %@))$$ %@)@!! %@)#(& %@)!%! %@^@($ %@))$* %@^@($ %@*@)&
/f}tx6
lh k|x/L sf= k|x/L sfG6f]n lhNnf c:ktfn af?0f ofGq PDa'n]G;
%@)!(( %@)))( %@))&) %@))(& %@)!)) ljB't kmo'h zfvf %@))^^ %@)!^^ e+;f/ sfo{no %@!!$@ u0f]z o'jf sld6 %@^#^) le7fdf]8 k| rf}sL %@)@)( Ok|sf alb{af; %%%))^ Ok|sf uf}znf %@($)#
lh k|x/L sf=
l5Gd:tfu0f alb{af;%@(^!( b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@)^&&
b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@!$!%
lh=6flkms rk'/ c:ktfn bdsn laB't /]8qm; e+;f/ sfo{no O k| sf rk'/ Ok|sf= u8'/f Ok|sf= u+uflkk/f g]kfn 6]lnsd
%@)!&& %@)!(( %$)!(( %@)#@* %@)#@$ %@)@&^ %@)!$! %@)@!) %@()!# %^%!(( ^()!)) %@)@@@
uf}/ gu/kflnsf %@)@($
dw]z kf]i6
# lgjf{rgsf] ldltaf/] km/s km/s wf/0ff @)^( r}t !* ut], cfOtaf/
ljBfyL{ d+ r sf] rf} y f] clwj] z gaf6 ;j{ – ;xdtLn] r' l gPsf gjsfo{ ;dltsf kbflwsf/Lx? ;lxt ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf g]tfx? ;fd'lxs tl:j/ lvrfpFb} . tl:j/ M dw]z kf]i6
jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L oyfzL3| lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]lsg]M u[xdGqL sf7df8f}F, !& r}t . u[x tyf k//fi6«dGqL dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]n] /fhgLlts / ;'/Iffsf] plrt jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/]/ oyfzSo rfF8f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]lsg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . l/kf]6; { {\ Sna g]kfnsf] !% cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df cfh oxfF cfof]lht sfo{qmddf
dGqL l3ld/]n] jt{dfg ;/sf/ lgjf{rgsf nflu ;a} k|sf/sf] jftfj/0f agfpg lhDd]jf/, ;lqmo / uDeL/ ?kdf cl3 a9] s f] atfpFb} lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0fsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ug'e { of] . pxfFn] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] k|dv ' bfloTj lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug'{ xf] eGg]kl| t cfkm"x¿ ;r]t /x]sf]
pNn]v ub{} ;f]xL cg';f/ /fHo ;+ o Gq ;~rflnt ePsf] 5 eGg'eof] . pxfF n ] dtbftf gfdfjfnL ;ª\sngsf] sfo{df afwf cj/f]wsf] cj:yf pTkGg ePdf ;'/Iffsf ljleGg /0fgLlt k|of]u ug{ ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ lgb{]lzt ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfo{ q mddf k| d ' v
em08} b'O{ ca{sf] k]ZsL km5\of}6 eQmk'/, !& r}t . lzIff ljefun] o;jif{ ljleGg lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox¿sf] ? Ps ca{ &) s/f]8sf] k]ZsL km5\of}6 u/]sf] 5. lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]z { s 8f njb]j cj:yLn] ? @) s/f]8 k]ZsL km5\of}6sf] qmddf /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ljefun] b] z e/sf lhNnf lzIff sfof{ n odfkm{ t k7fPsf] ljleGg zLif{ssf] lgsf;f /sdsf] nfdf] ;dob]lv km5\of}6 x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf o;}jif{ k]ZsL km5\of}6df s8f gLlt lnFb} ;a} lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox¿nfO{ kqfrf/ u/]kl5 k]ZsL km5\of}6 ug] { q md pknAwLd" n s ?kdf cufl8 a9] s f] pxfF n ] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], æb]ze/ ? cf7 ca{sf] k]ZsL km5\of}6 x'g
afFsL /x]sfdf Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf ? Ps ca{ &) s/f]8sf] k]ZsL km5\of}6 ePsf] 5, ? @) s/f]8sf] k]ZsL km5\of}6 x'g nfu]sf] 5, o;nfO{ ljefun] pknlAwsf ?kdf lnPsf] 5 .Æ ljefun] Onfd, emfkf, ;ª\ v ' j f;ef, df] / ª, vf] 6 fª, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, eQmk'/, dsjfgk'/, c3f{vfFrL, kfNkf, uf]/vf, DofUbL, /f]Nkf, Ko'7fg, b}nv ] , 8f]6L, aemfª / 88]nw'/f lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] $) k|ltzt eGbf a9L k]ZsL km5\of}6 u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5. To:t} kfFry/, t]xy| d ' , wgs' 6 f, ;' g ;/L, ;f] n ' v ' D a' , pbok'/, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, l;Gw'nL, /fd]5fk, bf]nvf, /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, sf7df8fF,} nlntk' / , sfe| ] , af/f, k;f{ , lrtjg, gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL,
slknj:t', tgx',F ndh'ª, kj{t, d' : tfª, ?s' d , bfª, ;Nofg, alb{of, afFs,] ;'vt{] , s}nfnL, c5fd, afh'/f, bfr'n { f, s~rgk'/ / lzIff ljefun] #% k|ltzt eGbf sd k]ZsL km5\of}6 u/]sf 5g\ . a] ? h' km5\ o f} 6 ub} { gu/]sf lhNnfx¿df eg] ef]hk'/, cf] v n9' ª \ u f, /f} t x6, u' N dL, :ofª\hf, dgfª, d'u,' x'Dnf, h'Dnf, sfnLsf] 6 , hfh/sf] 6 , a} t 8L, sf:sL, If]qLo lzIff lgb]z { gfno wgs'6f, If]qLo lzIff lgb]z { gfno x]6f}8F f / If]qLo lzIff lgb]z { gfno ;'vt{] /x]sf 5g\ . k]ZsL km5\of}6nfO{ lzIff ljefun] pRr k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfo{ u/]sf] / k]ZsL km5\of}6nfO{ k"0f{tf lbg ;a} sfof{nox¿nfO{ s8f lgb] { z g lbPsf] dxflgb]{zs cj:yLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . /f;;
/fi6«klt 8f ofbj;“u rf/ bnsf zLif{ g]tf e]6 sf7df8fF,} !& r}t . /fi6«klt 8f /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ rf/bnsf zLif{ g]tfn] cfh e]6 u/L ;+ljwfg;efsf] gofF lgjf{rgsf af/]df eO/fv]sf] k| u ltsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ . e] 6 df /fhgLlts txaf6 lgjf{rgsf nflu jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ bnx¿ nflu/x]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6«klt 8f ofbjnfO{ u/fOPsf] g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf ;efklt ;' z Ln sf] O /fnfn] ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ atfpg'eof] . lgjf{rgsf af/]df rf/ bnsf zLif{ g]tfx¿n] ;/sf/L txaf6 eO/fv]sf sfdsf af/]df cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf lvn/fh /] U dL / lgjf{ r g cfof]uaf6 eO/fv]sf sfdsf af/]df cfof]ul;t hfgsf/L lng]
lg0f{o o;cl3 u/]sf lyP . kf6L{ ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] lgjf{rdf ;xefuL x'g g] s kf -dfcf] j fbL;lxt cGo bnx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug{ nfluPsf] klg hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;f] cj;/df /fi6«klt 8f ofbjn] lgjf{rgdf nfUg zLif{ bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ cfu|x ug{e ' Psf] kf6L{ ;efklt sf] O /fnfn] atfpg'eof] . /f;;
;b\efjgf cWoIf === clwsf/ ;+:Yffut ug'{kg]{ a]ndf s'g} klg axfgfdf /f]Sg' tyf layf]Ng' gx'g] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . cWoIf dxtf] hgtfsf] dfu / efjgfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] l;6 Ps ;o 36fOPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . c;f/ leq} r'gfa gx'g eof] eg] lgjf{rg If]qdfyL ljrf/ klg k'g ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ pxfFsf] wf/0ff /x]sf] lyof] .
ef/tsf] ;f]gjiff{df === kqmfp u/L k|x/LnfO{ a'emfPsf 5g\ . gfd gv'ns ] f Ps hgfnfO{ g]kfnsf] lqe'jggu/af6 g]kfn k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . dxtf]sf] xTofsf] sf/0f eg] v'Ng g;s]sf] / cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 36gf nuQ} ;f]gjiff{ ahf/ aGb ePsf] lyof] .
lgjf{rg cfo'Qm gLns07 pk|t] Ln] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sngsf] sfo{df afwf pTkGg gx'g] jftfj/0f ldnfpg ;/sf/ / bnx¿nfO{ cfu| x ub{ } cg' s " n jftfj/0f ePkl5 lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg ;'emfj lbg'eof] . pxfFn] lgjf{rgsf nflu lgjf{rg cfof]usf] kbk"lt{ eP klg lgjf{rg sfg'gsf] ;+zf]wg / plrt jftfj/0fsf lx;fan] cem} ;Dk"0f{ tof/L gk'us ] f] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ldlt tf]ls;s]kl5 lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] cj:yf cfO{ k' g M ldlt ;fg' { e Gbf cg' s " n jftfj/0fdf dfq ldlt tf]Sg'kg{] cfd wf/0ff /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . /f;;
sf7df8f} F , !& r} t . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tTsfn tf]Sg] jf plrt jftfj/0f tof/ ePkl5 tf]Sg] eGg]df k|dv ' bnsf g]tx¿sf] km/s km/s wf/0ff b]lvPsf] 5 . l/kf]6; { {\ Sna g]kfnsf] !% cf}F jflif{s sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] csf{] lgjf{rgaf6 dfq} d'ns ' df nf]stGq / zflGt sfod x'g] eGg]df ;dfg dt /x] klg gofF lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tTsfn tf]Sg] jf gtf]Sg] eGg]df cf–cfkm\g} wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn]_ sf g]tf s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof] u , ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifnufotsf lgsfodf u/]sf /fhgLlts lgo'lQm vf/]h u/]/ :jR5 / eo/xLt?kdf lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ePkl5 dfq lgjf{rgdf hfg' pko'Qm x'g] atfpg'eof] . t/ Pdfcf] j fbLsf k|jQmf clUg ;fksf]6fn] cfpFbf] c;f/ & ut]leq} lgjf{rg x'gk' g{d] f cfkm\gf] kf6L{ b[9 /x]sf] pNn]v ug'e { of] . g]tf cf]nLn] lgjf{rgdf s'g} klg dtbfg s]Gb|df wfFwnL / lx+;fTds sfo{ x'Fb}g eGg] ;'lgZrttf x'gk' g{] / To:tf] 36gf ePdf tL s]Gb|sf] lgjf{rg ab/ x'gk' g{d ] f hf]8 lbg'eof] . lgjf{rg cg'udgdf gfddf x'g] k};fsf] v]n / cg]s tdf;f /f]lsg'kg{]df klg g]tf cf]nLsf] hf]8 lyof] .
Pdfcf]jfbLsf k|jQmf ;fksf]6fn] lgjf{rg hlt l9nf] x'G5 Tolt /fhgLlts vt/fsf lbg cfpg] ePsfn] l56f] lgjf{rg u/fpg g} /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df gofF ;/sf/ u7g ul/Psf] :d/0f u/fpg'eof] . g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf dxfdGqL k|sfzdfg l;+xn] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] u7gaf/] ;} 4 flGts dGyg ug{ ;lsg] eP klg o;nfO{ Ps gofF kl/l:ylt 7fg]/ lgjf{rgdf nfUg ;a}df cfu|x ug'{eof] . lgjf{ r gdf hfg gdflg/x] s f bnx¿nfO{ jftf{ a f6 dgfpg ;/sf/n] kxn ug'{kg{] pxfFsf] ;'emfj lyof] . ;/sf/n] lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts / cGo Joj:yfkg ug'{kg{]df dxfdGqL l;+xn] hf]8 lbg'eof] . /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{sf cWoIf ;" o { a xfb' / yfkfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] gofF lgjf{rg x'g' d'n'ssf nflu k/d cfjZos ljifo eP klg oyfl:yltdf c;f/leq lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] atfpg'eof] . /fli6«o hgdf]rf{sf cWoIf lrqaxfb'/ s]=;L=n] klg 7"nf bnn] c;f/leq x'g} g;Sg] lgjf{rg x'g ;S5 eg]/ 9fF6s ] f] bfaL ub{} Tof] eGbf klxnf rf/ jif{;Dd lsg ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g eGg]af/]df hgtf;dIf :ki6 ug{ cfu|x ug'e { of] . sfo{qmddf lgjf{rgdf ghfg] c8fg /fVg] g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf df]xg j}Bsf] pkl:ylt eP klg ;/sf/L dGqLx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf sf/0f tTsfn xnaf6 aflxl/g'ePsf] lyof] . /f;;
O{6fsf] d"No 36]kl5 pkef]Qmf v';L sf7df8f}F, !& r}t . nuftf/ tLg jif{b]lv g]kfnL OF6fsf] d"No 36\b} cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{ !@ k|ltztn] OF6fsf] d"No 36]kl5 pkef]Qmf eg] v';L ePsf 5g\ . jif}{lkR5] OF6fsf] d"No 36]klg 3/ lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] l;d]G6 / 808Lsf] efp eg] cf]/fnf] nfUg g;Sbf 3/ agfpg OR5's JolQmx¿ OF6fsf] d"No 36\g' / a9\ g ' d f s' g } cy{ g/x] s f] atfpF5g\ . ut tLg jif{cl3 Pp6f OF6fsf] d"No ? !) ltg'k{ b{Yof] eg] clxn] ;f]xL OF6f ;ft ¿k}ofF %) k};fdf kfOG5 . ut jif{ cf7 ¿k}ofF %) k};fdf laqmL u/]sf] OF6fsf] d"No o;jif{ ;ft ¿k}ofF %) k};fdf laqmL ul//x]sf] g]kfn OF6f pBf]u dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf dx] G b| a xfb' / lrqsf/n] atfpg'eof] . cfj @)^(÷&) sf] ah]6 ;dod} cfpg g;Sg', g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] l/on :6]6 sDkgLx¿nfO{ shf{ k|jfxdf s8fO{ ug'{ / ;/sf/sf] k'FhLut vr{ 36\gn ' ] ut tLg jif{cl3b]lv OF6fsf] d" N o 36] s f] lrqsf/n]
atfpg'eof] . sl/a Ps nfv %) xhf/ JolQmn] OF6f pBf]uaf6 k| T oIf /f] h uf/ kfO/x] s f] b] l vG5 . t/, k6sk6ssf] ;/sf/sf] km]/abn / ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ultxLg aGbf sl/a !% k| l tzt pBf] u L OF 6 f Joj;foaf6 cnu eO;s] s f] dxf;ª\3sf] egfO 5 . sl/a *)) eGbfdfly /x]sf] OF6f pBf]usf] ;ª\Vof 36]/ xfn &)) df em/]sf] atfOG5 . pBf] u sf] vr{ a9] / uPsf] 5 . cfufdL jif{ klg ;/sf/sf] k'FhLut vr{ -ljsf; vr{_ ga9\g] xf] eg] yk %) k|ltzt pBf]u knfog x'g;Sg] cg'dfg lrqsf/sf] 5 . o; jif{ af/f, k;f{ , /f} t x6df ^) / pkTosfdf !% u/L &% OF6f pBf]u aGb x' g ] cj:yfdf k' u ] s f] atfOG5 . o; jif{ ;/sf/sf] k'h F Lut vr{ -ljsf; vr{_ sflQs d;fGt;Dd !) k| l tztdfq ePsf] cy{ dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] k'FhLut vr{ gx'g'
eg]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df /f]lsg' xf] eGg'x'G5 OF6f Joj;foL j;Gtnfn dxh{g . pxfF eGg'xG' 5 – cfjf;, k'n, k'n];f, gx/, s'jf, wf/f], kf6Lkf}jf tyf ljleGg If]qsf] ef}lts lgdf{0f sfo{df OF6f vkt x'g] ub{5 . t/ ;f] sfo{df OF6f vkt gx'g' eg]s} OF6f pBf]u qmdzM w/f;foL x'Fb} hfg' xf] . sl/a ? !) ca{ s f] nufgLdf ;~rflnt &)) OF6f pBf] u df !) k| l tzt bIf k| f ljlws sfdbf/ ldq/fi6" ef/tsf 5g\ . sf] O nfafx] s cGo sRrfkbfy{ :jb]zd} kfOg] g]kfNfL OF 6 f pBf] u df s] x L jif{ b ] l v sfdbf/ kfpg;d]t sl7gfO x'Fb} uPsf] atfOG5 . OF 6 f pBf] u df sl/a () k|ltzt cbIf dhb'/ sfo{/t 5g\ . cgk9, ckl7t / s'g} k|fljlws ;Lk gePsf tL dhb'/ OF6f cf];f/k;f/, df6f] d'5\g], e§fdf sf]Onf eg]{h:tf sfddf ;+nUg 5g\ . /f;;
dn+ujf ljt/0f s]Gb| sf] ljB't nf]8 ;]l8Ësf] sfo{tflnsf af/ cfO{taf/ ;f]daf/ du+naf/ a'wjf/ ljlxjf/ z'qmjf/ zlgjf/
laxfg÷lbp;f] )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd )*M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )!M)) ah];Dd )%M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )$M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )#M)) b]lv )*M)) ah];Dd )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd
a]ns ' f÷/ftL !)M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !@M)) ah];Dd )@M)) b]lv )&M)) ah];Dd )!M)) b]lv )^M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !!M)) ah];Dd
dw]z kf]i6
lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&
@)^( r}t !* ut], cfOtaf/
Kfmf]/d g]kfn r'gfjdf ;xefuL x'g]
cho b]jug clelgt rnlrq …lxDdtjfnfÚ z'qmaf/b]lv ljZje/ k|bz{gdf cfPsf] 5 . t/ rnlrqn] ;'?jftdf klg pT;fxhgs sn]Szg ug{ ;s]g . ef/tsf # xhf/ kb{fdf Ps;fy rn]sf] of] l;g]dfn] aS; clkm; OlG8ofdf ;f]r]h:tf] Jofkf/ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . rnlrqn] z'qmaf/ !@ s/f]8sf] Jofkf/ u/]sf] 5 . # xhf/ kb{fdf nfu]sf] l;g]dfsf] Jofkf/ sdhf]/ ePsf] rnlrq ljZn]ifs tyf xn;+rfnsx?sf] egfO{ 5 . lgb{z ] s ;flhb vfgn] …lxDdtjfnfÚ of] aif{s} ;a}eGbf w]/} Jofkf/ ug{] rnlrqsf] ?kdf bl/g] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . t/ rnlrqsf] sn]Szg / ;ldIffn]] ;flhb vfgsf] c8\sn jf:tljstfdf ablng] s'/fdf z+sf JoQm ug{ ;lsG5 . rnlrqnfO{ ef/lto ;+rf/dfWodx?n] ! b]lv !=% :6f/ lbPsf 5g\ . o;}n] klg of] rnlrqn] aS; clkm;df wds]bf/ sn]Szg ug{] ;Defjgf 6b{} uPsf] 5 . cs{f] ;ftf k|ltIff/t rnlrq …rZd] ab'/Ú k|bz{gdf cfpFb}5 . …lxDdtjfnfÚ n]] # lbgsf] sn]Szgdf %) s/f]8 s6fPsf] v08df ! ;o s/f]8 Snadf k'Ug s]xL ;lhnf] x'g] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . t/ olt /sd sdfpg of] l;g]dfnfO{ kmnfdsf lrp/f rkfPh:t} x'g] b]lvG5 .
Pl;;L 6L–6\jfG6L lqms]6M g]kfnåf/f dn]l;of k/flht sf7df8f},F !& r}t . P;L;L 6L– 6\jfG6L lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t cfh ePsf] v]ndf dn]l;ofnfO{ @) /gn] k/flht ub}{ g]kfn ;]ldkmfOgn glhs k'us ] f] 5 . sLlt{ k ' / l:yt lqlj d}bfgdf ePsf] ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf 6; xf/L klxn] Aofl6ªsf] lgDtf] kfPsf] g]kfnn] sKtfg kf/; v8\sfsf] pTs[i6 Aofl6ªsf] d2tn] !^# /g agfPsf] lyof] . sKtfg v8\sfn] %$ andf !! rf}sf / rf/ 5Ssfsf] d2tn] *& /g agfPsf lyP . To;}u/L ;'jf; vs'/n ] n] @%, ljgf]b e08f/Ln] @),
1fg]Gb| dNnn] @, j;Gt /]UdLn] @, zlQm uf}rgn] ^, k[y' af:sf]6fn] &, z/b e]:jfs/n] ! /gsf] of]ubfg u/]sf lyP . Ps;o ^$ /gsf] ljho nIo kfPsf] dn]l;ofsf nflu ;l/kmn] %# tyf Pr pNnfx vfgn] ## /g agfpg'afx]s cGo Aof6\;Dofgn] pTs[i6 k|bz{g ug{ ;s]gg\ . dn]l;ofn] k"/} @) cf]e/df !$$ /g dfq agfof] . dn] l ;ofnfO{ sd :sf] / df ;d] 6 \ g ] q mddf k[ y ' sf:sf]6fn] @, ;Ghd /]UdLn] @ tyf zlQm uf}rgn] !, sKtfg
v8\sfn] ! / rGb| ;fpbn] ! ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . lht;Fu} g]kfnn] ;]ldkmfOgn k|j]zsf] ;Defjgf alnof] agfPsf] 5 . vn]sf] Dofg ckm b Dofr g]kfnL sKtfg kf/; v8\sf 3f]lift eP . ef]ln g]kfnn] l;+ufk'/;Fu klxnf] ;qdf lqlj v]n d}bfg sLlt{k/' df v]Ng]5 . ;f]xL d}bfgdf ck/fXg ax/fOg / o'POaLr k|lt:kwf{ x' g ] 5 . o;} u /L k' N rf] s OlGhlgol/ª sn]hsf] v]n d}bfgdf ckmuflg:tfg / s' j ] t tyf dn]l;of / dflNbE;aLr v]n x'g] 5.
xltof/ p7fP/ cfGbf]ng ub}g { f}–pkfWoIf uh'/n ] x] 6 f} F 8 f, !& r} t . g] s kf– dfcf] j fbLsf pkfWoIf l;kL uh'/]nn] c;+j}wflgs?kdf u7g ePsf] jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ug{ vf] h ] s f] lgjf{ r gdf g] s kf– dfcf]jfbL ;dfj]z geP klg xltof/ p7fP/ cfGbf]ng gug]{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . x]6f}F8f gu/kflnsf–$ lr;fkfgLdf eQmaxfb'/ >]i7 :d[ l t k| l ti7fgsf] ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] cfh pb\3f6g ub}{
pxfFn] lj3l6t ;+ljwfg;efdf /x]sf cGo bn;Fu 5nkmn u/L ;xdlt ul/Pdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] r' g fjdf efu lng ;Sg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], ækf6L{n] r'gfjdf efu glnP klg hgtfsf] ;dy{gdf ;x/ s]lGb|t cfGbf]ng ul/g]5 . t/ xfdL hª\un hfg] 5}gf}+ .Æ pkfWoIf uh' / ] n n] d'n'ssf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf :j >] i 7n] ;w} F qmflGtsf/L
c8fgsf ;fy cl3 a9\g' ePsfn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ clxn] hgtfsf] dfemdf cfOk'u]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o cd[tf yfkf, pQm k|lti7fgsf dxf;lrj 8f Clif/fh a/fn, k"j{ /fhb" t lx/0onfn >] i 7, Pdfcf]jfbLsf k|ltlglw /fds[i0f >]i7, g]kfnL sfFu|];sf If]q g+ # sf If] q Lo ;efklt k| b Lk sf]O/fnfnufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
lzIfs cfjZostf 1fgf]bo cfjf;Lo p=df=lj= dn+ujf–( ;nf{xLnfO{ cufdL z}lIfs ;q @)&) df lgDg l/Qm kbdf oyfl;3| kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] x'“bf OR5's pDd]bjf/n] t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug'x { g ' hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . kb M– z}lIfs of]Uotf M– cg'ej M– bIftf M– tna M– tx M– df=lj= z}lIfs of]Uotf M–
lk|lG;kn M.A/M.Ed/M.Sc jf ;f] ;/x slDtdf % jif{ ljBfno k|zf;g rnfPsf] c+uh ]| L efiff af]Ng ;Ifd dfl;s @),))) .– ljifo M– ul0ft tyf lj1fg B.A/B.Ed/B.Sc jf ;f] ;/x ÷dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ejsf] k|fyldstf tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Laf6 b/vf:t ldlt M @)^( r]q @% ut];Dd, ;Dks{ ldlt )^( r}q @^ ut] ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M (*$$)#@$($÷(*%$)#^!)#
Wfgu9L, !& r}t . ;/sf/ u7g k|lqmof / rf/ bnLo u7aGwgsf] lj/f] w ub} { cfPsf] dw] ; L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfnn] cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf efu lng] ;ª\st] lbPsf] 5 . k| d ' v rf/bnsf] pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;+oGqsf g]tfx¿n] kmf]/d g]kfnn] /fv]sf dfu ;Daf] w g ug] { cfZjf;g lbPkl5 cfufdL r'gfjdf efu lng] jftfj/0f ag]sf] cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbjnfO{ p4[t ub}{ kmf]/dsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd\ ;'b/" klZrd OGrfh{ k] | d rGb| emfn] atfpg'eof] . ;+oGqsf] a}7sdf cfh cWoIf ofbj ;xefuL x'g nfUg'ePsf] klg atfOPsf] 5 . kmf] / d g] k fnn] k|wfgGofofwLz kbaf6 /fhLgfdf u/]df dfq lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{ k| w fgdGqL :jLsfg{ ;Sg] , ;dfg'kflts ;ef;b\sf] ;ª\Vof a9fpg'kg],{ hg;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]qsf] k'gM lgwf{/0f x'gk' g]{ nufotsf dfu /fVb} cfPsf] emfn] atfpg'eof] . /f;;
bnfn ks|fp
/f}tx6, !& r}t . Dff]6f] /sd lnP/ cGo lhNnfaf6 /f} t x6df P;Pn;L k/LIffdf ljBfyL{ Nofpg] bnfnnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 .gSsnL ljBfyL{ Nofpg] cf/f]kdf rGb| l gufxk' / -@ sf :6] ; g/L Joj;foL b]jG] b| cof{nnfO{ cfh laxfg kqmfp ul/Psf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no /f}tx6n] hgfPsf] 5 . /f} t x6sf] l;d/f ejfgLk'/ k/LIff s]Gb|af6 kqmfp k/]sf gSsnL ljBfyL{n] lbPsf] aofgsf] cfwf/df cof{ n nfO{ cfjZos cg';Gwfgsf] nflu kqmfp ul/Psf] k|x/L lg/LIfs 5]bLnfn sfdtLn] atfpg'eof] .o;}u/L kf] l 7ofxL hª\ u naf6 ;fnsf] uf]lnof NofpFb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf cfh laxfg b'O{ hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . /f}tx6sf ;z:q k|x/L a]; s}Dk ;Gtk'/ / lhNnf jg sfof{no rGb|lgufxk'/sf] ;+oQ' m u:tL 6f]nLn] ^ j6f ;fOsndf 5 yfg uf] l nof, $) So' l km6 sf7;lxt pgLx¿nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] ;z:q k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5.
s/bftf lzIff
sf7df8f}F, !& r}t . cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] s/bftfnfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ p2]Zon] s/bftf lzIff sfo{qmdnfO{ Jofks?kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . s/ k|0ffnL ;'wf/ jif{ @)^(÷&) cg';f/ ;f] sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] / Joj;foLsf] pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf /x]sf] s/ k|zf;s /fh]Gb|k|;fb zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no 6ª\ufn / Uof; laqm]tf ;ª\3åf/f cfh oxfF cfof]lht sfo{qmddf pxfFn] s/sf] hfgsf/L gePsf Joj;foL / s/ sfof{noaLrsf] b"/L sd ug{] p2]Zon] o; jif{ ljljw sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] pNn]v ug'e { of] . o; sfo{qmddf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, Uof; laqm]tf, v'b|f Jofkf/L, On] S 6« f ] l gs ;fdu| L laqm]tfnufotsf ljljw ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt Jofkf/L ;xefuL lyP .
$
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
cfqmd0faf6 j[4sf] d[To' sf7df8f}F, !& r}t . sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf–!$ aNv'l:yt a;:6k glhs zª\sf:kb b'Oj{ 6f ´f] n fdf a] j fl/;] cj:yfdf zlgjf/ gSsnLh:tf] b] l vg] ef/tLo gf]6 kfFr;o b/sf $!! yfg / Ps xhf/ b/sf #)( yfg
$
gf]6 km]nf k/]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5. ;f] ef/tLo ?k} o fF dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q sfnLdf6Ldf nuL yk cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] klg s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ;dfrf/ sIfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
;~rf/sdL{ k'/:s[t sf7df8f},F !& r}t . l/kf]6; { { Sna g]kfnn] cfh cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsf] !% jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt -/f;;_ sf ;"or { Gb| a:g]t;lxt b'O{ bh{g eGbf a9L ;~rf/sdL{ n fO{ ;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdL, u[xdGqL dfwjk|;fb l3ld/], k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm gLns07 pk|t] L tyf ljleGg bnsf g] t fx¿n] tL ;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/x¿ k|bfg ug'e { Psf] lyof] . ;~rf/ pBdLdWo] a f6 g] k fn l/klAns ldl8ofsf lgb{z ] s zf]ef
1jfnL, pdf l;+x :d[lt kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/af6 g]kfn ;fKtflxsf ozf] b f ltdlN;gf, ;lxb hutk|sfz hªu zfx :d[lt kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/af6 /]l8of] g]kfnsf kf]if0f s];L, s[i0f;]g OR5' s :d[ l t kqsfl/tf k' / :sf/af6 kqsf/ uf] l jGb cfrfo{, afa'l5/L :d[lt kmf]6f] kqsfl/tf k' / :sf/af6 uf]/vfkqsf /fh]Gb| lrqsf/ / jL/]Gb| zfx :d[lt kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/af6 Go"h @$ 6]lnlehgsf dfwj g]kfn k'/:s[t x'ge ' Psf] 5.
cWoIf /]UdL / sf6{/aLr e]6jftf s { f7df8f},F !& r}t . dlGqkl/ifb\sf cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdL / ;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sfsf k"j{ /fi6«klt lhDdL sf6{/aLr cfh e]6jftf{ ePsf] 5. cWoIf /]UdLsf] lgjf; afn'jf6f/df ePsf] ;f] e]6jftf{df låkIfLo lxt tyf rf;f]sf ljifodf s'/fsfgL ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df k| d ' v /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] gofF lgjf{rgsf nflu k|wfgGofofwLzsf] g]tT[ jdf cGtl/d r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g x'gn ' fO{ ;sf/fTds?kdf lnFb} tf]lsPs} ;dodf lgjf{rg ;DkGg
x'g] ljZjf; sf6{/n] /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . k"j{ /fi6«klt sf6{/n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg, To;sf] nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ pkfo, dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sngdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of, lgjf{rgsf] lj/f]wdf /x]sf s]xL /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ s;/L ;xdltdf Nofpg' x ' G 5 eGg]nufotsf lh1f;f /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . k"j{ /fi6«klt sf6{/n] u7g x'g nfu]sf] ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] ljifodf ;d]t cWoIf /]UdL;Fu lh1f;f /fVg'ePsf] pxfFsf k|; ] ;+of]hs /fh]Gb|k; | fb kf08]n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
a]nfotL ko{6ssf] d[To' sf7df8fF,} !& r}t . sf:sLsf] 3fGb|'s–( b]p/fnLdf cÌk"0f{ a];SofDk ofqf u/]/ kms{g] qmddf a] n fotL gful/s ^) jifL{ o dfOsn hf] g sf] n] s nfu] /
z'qmaf/ ck/fXg d[To' ePsf] k| x /Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .pgsf] /fxbfgL gDa/ %)(!^)@## /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ;dfrf/ sIfn] hgfPsf] 5 . /f;;
;Kt/Lsf] /Dk'/f dNxlgofFdf cfunfuL ;Kt/L, !& r}t . ;Kt/Lsf] /Dk'/f dNxlgofFdf cfh laxfg ePsf] cfunfuLdf Ps bh{g 3/ hn]/ gi6 ePsf] 5 . cfunfuLaf6 sl/a ? %) nfv d"No a/fa/sf] wgdfn hn]/ gi6 ePsf] 5 . /Dk'/f dNxlgofF–@ lgjf;L Oa|flxd ldofFsf] 3/af6 uP/flt ;Ns]sf] cfuf] tTsfn lgoGq0fdf cfpg g;s]sfn] :yfgLo g;?l2g ldofF,
lhla|n ldofF, Ph'a ldofF, cga/ ldofFnufotsf] !# 3/ hn]/ gi6 ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] cfunfuLdf vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, ef8fs'8F f ;vfk x'gs ' f ;fy} cfwf bh{g a9L rf}kfof hn]sf 5g\ . /fhlj/fhaf6 uPsf] jf?0foGq / :yfgLojf;L, k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 7"nf] k|of;kl5 ;f] cfuf] lgoGq0fdf cfPsf] :yfgLojf;Lx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .
km]l/ klg ;+ljwfg aGb}g /Tggu/ -lrtjg_, !& r}t . k' g M pTyfg kf6L{ s f] s] G b| L o a}7sn] oxL ;/sf/n] g} gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] ;a}n] ;xof]u ug{'kg{] lgisif{ lgsfn] s f] 5 . lrtjgsf] e/tk'/df ePsf] s]Gb|Lo a}7sn] ljleGg kfFra'bF ] lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs ub{ } df} h ' b f bnx¿nfO{ ;Qf ;'lDkP km]l/ klg lgjf{rg gx'g] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . o:t} a}7sn] bnx¿n] ;/sf/ u7g ug{
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