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( 28 March 2013 )
a;f]jf;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ k|lqmof yfn]kl5 :yfgLojf;L pT;flxt dw] z ;dfrf/bftf dxf]Q/L, !$ r}t . ;/sf/n] dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] b'O{ uflj;df cJojl:yt a;f]jf;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ k|lqmof yfn]kl5 :yfgLojf;L pT;flxt ePsf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] ;' b " / pQ/jtL{ alb{ j f; / uf}/Ljf; uflj;sf s]xL a:tLdf k"jj{ tL{ ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;'? ePsf] 3/38]/L Jojl:yt ub}{ hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof yfn]kl5 alb{jf;– # Pjd\ uf}/Ljf;sf Ps / b'O{ gDa/ a:tLsf afl;Gbf pT;flxt
b]lvPsf x'g\ . r} t nfu] ; F u } ;' ? ul/Psf] xsef]u klxrfg ub}{ nut v8f ug]{ sfo{df tLgj6} a:tLsf afl;Gbfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] xsef]u klxrfg 6f]nLn] hgfPsf] 5 . o; cleofgdf xfn;Dd tLgj6} a:tLsf u/]/ Ps xhf/ @)) kl/jf/sf] xsef]u klxrfg eO;s]sf] 6f]nLsf ;b:o tyf uf} / Ljf; uflj;sf ;lrj cf] d k| s fz v8\ s fn] atfpg'eof] . xsef] u klxrfgsf
nflu r}t !( ut];Dd ;DalGwt afl;Gbfn] cfˆgf] xsbfaL k|:t't ul/;Sg'kg]{ tflnsfcg';f/ sfo{ eO/x]sf] ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu ul7t :yfgLo ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ;+oGqn] hgfPsf] 5 . cleofgdf :yfgLo afl;Gbfaf6 s] x L ckjfbafx] s tYok/s bfaL cfPsfn] sfd ;lhn} cl3 a9]sf] ;+oGqsf ;+of]hs t'N;Lk|;fb 9'ªu\ fgfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . 3/hUuf Jojl:yt ug]{ o; cleofgdf xsef]u klxrfgsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] sfd ;DkÌ ePkl5
cfunfuL kLl8tnfO{ /fxt k|bfg dw] z ;dfrf/bftf jL/uGh , !$ r}t . oxfFsf] ldhf{ k ' / uflj;sf cfunfuL kLl8tnfO{ lxhf] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f] ; fO6L k;f{ zfvfn] /fxt ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . cfunfuL kLl8tx¿nfO{ lqkfn, vfgf ksfpg] efF8fs'8F f, nQfsk8f ljt/0f ul/Psf] ;f];fO6L k;f{ zfvfsf clws[t pbo zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . ;f]daf/
;f] uflj;sf] j8f gDa/ % sf :yfgLo laGb]Zj/ ;fx sfg'sf] 3/af6 ;lNsPsf] cfuf]n] kfFrj6f 3/ hn]/ gi6 ePsf] lyof] . sfg'sf] 3/af6 ljB't\ k|jfx u8a8L eO{ cfunfuL ePsf] / ;f] cfunfuLsf sf/0f ;f]xL j8fsf /fdljZjf; ;fx sfg', g/]z ;fx sfg', w/f]uf ;fx sfg'nufot kfFr hgfsf] 3/ hn]/ gi6 ePsf] lyof] .
cfunfuLdf k/L :yfgLojf;Lsf] rf/j6f v;L / Pp6f afv|f klg d/]sf] lyof] . k|x/L, :yfgLojf;L / jL/uGhaf6 uPsf] af?0f oGqsf] ;xof]udf cfuf] sl/a b'O{ 306fkl5 lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] lyof] .
klqsf dfu]/ xf]Og lsg]/ k9f}F
hUufbQf{sf] qmd ;'? ul/g] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dxf]Q/Ln] hgfPsf] 5. ;/sf/L lg0f{ocg';f/ yflnPsf] of] cleofgdf b' a } uflj;sf u/L tLgj6f a:tLsf sl/a b' O { x hf/ 3/kl/jf/n] hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ kfpg] k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L lji0f' a xfb' / yfkfn] atfpg'eof] .
lj1fkgsf] nflu vfnL 5 . ;Dks{ gDa/ dn+ujf M– (&$$))#*)^, (*$$)**!%) )$^–%@!#(@ hgsk'/ M– (*$$!!(&$^ )$!–%@*@)^
k[i7 ;+Vof M $
d'No ?= @ @.–
kl/qmdf kj{ ;DkGg hgsk'/wfd, !$ r}t . kGw|| lbg] kl/qmdf d]nf cfh hgsk'/wfdsf] cGtu[x kl/qmdf u/L ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .cg]stfdf Pstfsf] ljlzi6 pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ldlynf kl/qmdf k| l tkbfdf ;' ? eO{ k"l0f{dfsf lbg ;DkGg x'g] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . Ps ;o #) lsnf]ld6/sf] If]qdf ul/g] of] kl/qmdf d]nfdf ;fd]n ePsf kfkaf6 d'lQm kfpg], /f]uJofwL lgsf] x'g] tyf hLjgsf] cGTodf :ju{ k|flKt x'g] hgljZjf; /x]sf] 5.
o; k|sf/sf] wfld{s cf:yfsf sf/0f g] k fndf s'gfsfKrf / ef/tnufot cGo /fi6" s f nfvf} F cf:yfjfg tLy{ofqLx¿ kl/qmdf d]nfdf ;fd]n x'g] ub5{g\ . cGtu[x kl/qmdf ug{sf nflu /fltb]lv g} >4fn'x¿ ho ;Ltf/fd, ho;Ltf/fdsf] Wjlg 3GsfpFb} kl/qmdf d]nfdf ;fd]n ePsf lyP . ldlynfdf !% lbg] kl/qmdf d]nf ;DkGg ePkl5 To;sf] ef]lnkN6 kmfu' kj{ dgfOg] rng /x]sf] 5 .
dw]z kf]i6
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u08s ;Demf}tf k'g/fjnf]sgsf] dfu k|aGw lgb]{zs sfo{ s f/L ;Dkfbs hgsk'/ k|ltlglw k| s fzs
M– lgd]if s0f{ M– ljZjgfy 7fs' / M– a6'sgfy emf M– dw] z sf nflu ;~rf/ sfof{no
dn+ujf M– lhlj; rf}s dn+ujf, ;nf{xL, kmf]g M– )$^–%@!#(@ hgsk'/ M–/fdrf}s hgsk'/, wg'iff kmf]g M– )$!–%@*@)& d'b0| f M– b'uf{ ckm;]6 k|; ] , dn+ujf tyf Sjfln6L ckm;]6 k|; ] ,hgsk'/ E-mail: madheshpost@gmail.com
? ;DkfbsLo=============== ? r'gfjL tfnd]n / ;befjgf lvn/fh /]UdLsf] g]t[Tjdf r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g eP otf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?dfem r'gfjL u7aGwgsf rrf{x? Aofks?kdf rln/x]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L Pdfcf]jfbLn] tTsflng ;QfkIfLo u7aGwg …;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs df]rf{Údf cfj4 bnx? ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klg u7aGwg u/]/} cl3 a9\g] atfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . lgjf{rgdf u7aGwgsf] cfjZstf TotLa]nf k5{ h'ga]nf bnljz]ifn] cfkm\gf] zlQm lIf0f x'Fb} uPsf] dxz'; u5{ . lj3l6t ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn Pdfcf]jfbL clxn] ljeflht e};s]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] p;k|ltsf] qf; / cfsif{0f klg sd ePsf] 5 . km'6kl5 kxf8L If]qdf ePsf] Ifltsf] k"lt{ dw]zjf6 ug]{ rfxgf cg'?k pm ljz]if u/L dw]zjfbL bnx?;Fu r'gfjL tfnd]n ug{ OR5's 5, tf sL dw]zdf ljuteGbf a9L :yfgdf lhTg ;lsof]; . sf:sLsf] l9s'/kf]v/Ldf hlGdP/ lrtjgdf x'ls{Psf Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnn] s]xL ;docl3 hgsk'/df cfkm" dw]zaf6} lgjf{rg n8\g] atfPkl5 Tof] cleJolQmn] c:jfefljs rrf{ kfPsf] lyof] . t/ oxfF lg/ a'em\gk' g]{ s'/f s] xf] eg], kxf8] elgg]n] dw]zaf6 r'gfj n8\g' / lhTg' s'g} gf}nf] s'/f xf]Og\ . lj3l6t ;+ljwfg;efdf dw]zs} k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u}/ dw]zLx? clwsf+z lyP eg] dw]zjfbL bns} zLif{ g]tfx?df klg u}/ dw]zL ;d'bfosf] k|r'/ ;+nUgtf 5. d'Vo s'/f dw]znfO{ cfkm\gf] sd{ynf] agfP/ oxfFsf] ljsf;sf nflu sfd ug'{ xf], Tof] rfx] h'g;'s} hflt, wd{, ;d'bfosf] lsg gxf];\ . a'waf/ dfq} ;befjgf kf6L{ cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf]n] r'gfjL tfnd]nsf af/]df clxn];Dd s'g} ;f]r gePsf] / s;};Fu 5nkmn gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ eg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o pk]Gb| dxtf]n] Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu r'gfjL tfnd]nsf] s'g} ;+efjgf g/x]sf] :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts bnx?aLr tfnd]n / ;xsfo{ x'g' cfjZos x'G5 t/ Tof] kl/l:ylthGo cfjZostf / d'2f ljz]ifnfO{ :yflkt u/fpgsf nflu dfq . t/, lgjf{rgdf hgtfsf] cledt ln+bf cfkm\g} bddf, cfkm\g} Ph]08f, 3f]if0ffkq / l;4fGtsf cfwf/df hfg] xf] . To;}n] r'gfjL tfnd]nsf] sdhf]/ ts{ lgjf{rgsf nflu kmlnkmfk klg x'Fbg} . ha hgtf;Fu hfg' 5 / hgtfsf] dg lhTg' 5 eg] Tof] cfkm\g} c8fg, Ph]08f / nf]slk|otfsf cfwf/df dfq} ;+ej 5 . sdhf]/x? hgtfaf6 cfkm}+ lt/:s[t x'G5g\ . /]l8of] dw]z *(=# dnujf % M )) elQm uLt ^ M )) ;femf va/ ^ M #) elQm uLt & M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ & M !% gd:sf/ dw]z * M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ * M !% lxGbL uLt ( M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ( M !% ef]hk'l/of aafn !) M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !) M !% lxGbL uLt !! M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !! M !% g]kfnL uLt !@ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ !@ M !% gfr ! M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ! M !% l/Sj]:6 cfj/ @ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ @ M !% ef]hk'/L uLt # M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ # M !) lxGbL l/ldS; uLt $ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ $ M !% x]nf] RjfO; % M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ % M !% 6]G;g k|mL ^ M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ ^ M !% d}lynL uLt & M )) dw]z ;dfrf/ & M !) ef]hk'/L uLt & M #) ;femf va/ * M )) lxGbL uLt * M $% lala;L g]kfnL ;]jf ( M @) ;femf ;jfn !) M )) gg\ :6k va/ !! M )) sfo{qmd ;dfKt
jL/uGh, !$ r} t . g] k fnef/taLr ;DkGg u08s ;Demf}tf ;dGoflos l;4fGt ljk/Lt /x]sfn] o;nfO{ cljnDa k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ dfu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . lbJo o'jf Sna k;f{åf/f oxf" cfof]lht …u08s gx/sf] pkof]lutfÚ ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf pgLx?n] kfgLsf] cGofok" 0 f{ af" 8 kmf" 8 tyf k' g /fjnf] s gsf] k| f jwfg / ;do;Ldf g} g/fvL ;Demf}tf ul/Psfn] o;af6 eljiodf g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] k'h " L / k|ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L nfe lng g;Sg] atfP . u08s ;Demf} t f dftxt ef/tn] ljxf/ / pQ/k|bz ] /fHodf l;FrfO ug{ #@ xhf/ So';]s kfgL nlu/x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf k"jL{ lhNnfx? af/f, k;f{ / /f} t x6 tyf klZrdsf]
ss{6 M ofqfsf] of]u
l;+x M Jofkf/df nfe sGof M sfo{df pGgtL x'g] t'nf M ;fyL ;+u ;xof]u j[lZrs M k|d] df wf]vf wg' M dfgl;s tgfj ds/ M kfl/jfl/s ;d:of s'De M :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ldg M ;'vb ;dfrf/ ldNg] /flzkmnn] h] ;+st] u/] klg /fd|f] sfd u/] /fd|} kmn kfOG5 .
pTkfbg kl/of]hgfaf6 #% d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] ljB't\ u[x agfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf nflu !% d]ufjf6sf] dfq ljB't\ u[x agfOPsf] 5 . u08s a]l;gcGtu{tsf] g]kfn leqsf] gbLsf] kfgLsf] k| f s[ l ts axfj kl/jt{ g u/L cfjZos If] q df n} h fg klg ef/tLo ;xdlt cfjZos x'g] h:tf afWofTds cj:yf of] ;Demf}tfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . of] ;Demf}tfcGtu{tsf ;+/rgfx?df g]kfnsf] s'g} clwsf/ g/x]sfn] klg of] ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;do;fk]If / ;dGoflos cfwf/df k' g /fjnf] s g ul/g' k g] { dfu ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmddf k;f{sf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L uh] G b| s ' d f/ 7fs' / n] u08s ;Demf}tfsf sf/0f g]kfntkm{ k/]sf] ;d:of / r'gf}tLx?sf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfo ;+jb] gzLn
x'gk' g]d{ f hf]8 lbFb} gf/fo0fL l;FrfO cfof] h gfnfO{ k" 0 f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng ug{ o;sf] dd{t;Def/ x'gk' g]{ atfpg'eof] . clwsf/sdL{ ;Ltf b] j sf] 6 fn] u08s gx/sf] pkof]lutf / u08s ;Demf}tf k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfjZostf ljifos sfo{ k q k| : t' t ub} { u08s ;Demf}tfsf q'l6 / To;jfkt g]kfnL kIfn] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg'kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . Snasf sfo{ q md ;+ o f] h s /dfsfGt k6] n sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf g]tf lghfd'l2g ;dfgL, c?0ff]bo o'jf Snasf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs b'uf{ ltlDnl;gfnufotsf jQmfx?n] u08s ;Demf}tfn] g]kfnnfO{ y'k}| ;d:ofx? k/] s fn] oyfzL3| k'g/fjnf]sg ug'k{ g]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
Pln6 sk lqms]6 M dflNbE;, s'jt] / o'PO{ ljhoL sf7df8f}F, !$ r}t . Pl;;L 6L6\ j fG6L Pln6 sk lqms] 6 k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t cfh bf];|f] lbg ePsf v]nx?df dflNbE;, s'j]t, / o'PO{n] ljhoL ePsf 5g\ . nlntk' / sf] k'Nrf]sl:yt OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf] d}bfgdf ePsf]] cfkm\gf] bf] ; | f ] v] n df dflNbE;n] l;ª\ufk'/nfO{ kl5 kfb]{ lht xft kf/]sf] xf] . lxhf] g] k fn;F u &^ /gn] k/flht ePsf] dflNbE;n] cfh l;ª\ufk'/nfO{ @) an afFsL 5Fb} kfFr ljs]6n] kl5 kf/L lht xft kf/]sf] xf] . v]ndf klxnf] Aofl6ª yfn]sf] l;ª\ufk'/n] gf} ljs]6sf] Ifltdf lgwf{l/t @) cf]e/ v]n]/ !#@ /gsf] of]ukmn tof/ kf/]sf] lyof] . Ps ;o ## /gsf] nIosf ;fy d}bfg k|j]z u/]sf]
dflNbE;n] !^ bzdnj rf/ cf] e /df kfF r ljs] 6 u' d fpb} l;ª\ufk'/n] k|:t't u/]sf] legf] nIo e]§fPsf] lyof] . v] n df dflNbE;sf df]xDdb l/;jfgn] !! rf}sf k|xf/ ub}{ l6dsf nflu ;jf{lws $* /g agfP eg] lg:dfg gfl;/n] rf/, cAb'Nnfx zfxLbn] tLg / cxdb km]hn] b'O{ rf}sf k|xf/ u/] . cGo v]nf8Lx? ;fkm/fh hn]nn] !!, df]xDdb l/;jfgn] #&, ldx'zfg xdLbn] @^ /gsf] of]ubfg u/] . alnªtkm{ dflNbE;sf ho sf]8L, cAb'Nnf zfxLb / df]xDdb zfkmLn] ;dfg b'O{-b'O{ ljs]6 v;fn] . cGo v]nf8Lx? cxDdb km]h tyf cldn df}?km Ps-Ps ljs]6 lng ;kmn eP . k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t cfh ePsf] csf]{ v]ndf s'j]tn] ax/fOgdfly tLg ljs]6n] lht xft kf¥of] .
lqlj d}bfg sLlt{k'/df ePsf] v]ndf 6; lht]/ Jofl6ª yfn]sf] ax/fOgn] lgwf{l/t @) cf]e/sf] v]ndf !* bzdnj $ cf]e/df ;a} ljs]6 u'dfP/ !#@ /gsf] of]ukmn tof/ kf/]sf] lyof] . lhtsf nflu !## /gsf] nIosf ;fy d}bfg k|j]z u/]sf] s'j]tn] ;ft ljs]6sf] Ifltdf !( bzdnj ! cf]e/df kfFr an afFsL 5Fb} ax/fOgn] k]z u/]sf] ;f] nIo e]§fof] . s'j]tsf] lhtdf zfb vlnbn] b'O{ rf}sf / b'O{ 5Ssfsf] d2tdf ;jf{lws $# /g hf]8] eg] b'O{ rf}sf / Ps 5Ssf k|xf/ u/]sf clelht lzAtfOg /fhfn] ## /g agfP . cGo v]nf8Lx? of;] / Ob| L hn] tLg rf} s fsf] ;fydf !# /g, clab d':tfjn] Ps rf}sfsf] ;fydf cf7 /g, p:dfg jfxLbn] Ps rf}sfsf] d2tdf kfFr /g lng EofP .
To;}u/L cln hflx/n] !^ /g lnFbf b'O{ ljs]6 v;fNg] df}sf kfP . lx;fd ldhf{n] rf/ /g lnP eg] cfld/n] hfe]bn] Ps /g klg agfpg g;Sb} k]lelnogtkm{ kmls{P . s' j ] t sf cGo v]nf8Lx?df cHdft'Nnfxn] Ps ljs]6, lzAtfOg /fhfn] b'O{ ljs]6 / lx;xfd ldhf{n] rf/ ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . cfh} nlntk' / l:yt k' N rf] s OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf] d}bfgdf ePsf] csf]{ v]ndf o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\; o' P O{ _ n] ;ft ljs] 6 sf] ef/L cGt/n] cf]dgdfly lht xft kf/]sf] 5 . klxnf] Jofl6ª yfn]sf] cf]dgn] lgwf{l/t @) cf]e/sf] v]ndf !* bzdnj ! cf]e/df ;a} ljs]6 u'dfP/ dfq *@ /g agfPsf] lyof] .
cj}w ;jf/L;fwg / nfu'cf}ifw kqmfp O6x/L, !$ r} t . ;' g ;/L lhNnfsf] blIf0fL ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] xl/k'/ uflj;- ( l:yt gfsfaf6 cj}w¿kdf g]kfn NofpFb} u/]sf] kL aL !@ aL &(@) gDa/sf] a]n]/f] uf8L;lxt To;sf rfns ef/t eLdgu/sf $) jifL{o ;lgns' d f/ l;+ x nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5
k+= z+s/frfo{
k+= z+s/frfo{ d]if M dfg ;Ddfg ldNg] j[if M hLjgdf gofFdf]8 cfpg] ldy'g M ld7f] vfgf ldNg]
gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf l;FrfO ug{ s'n !@!^ So';s ] kfgL dfq kfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . To;df klg g]kfnn] xfn;Dd a9Ldf ^%) So';s ] ;Dd kfgL dfq pkef]u ug{ kfPsf] atfOG5 . l;FrfO, ljB't\ ljsf; / af9L lgoGq0f ug]{ k|dv ' p2]Zon] @)!^ ;fndf g]kfn-ef/taLr u08s l;F r fO / ljB' t \ of]hgf;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL gx/sf] ;txsf] prfO{ #%^ bzdnj &% lkm6 x'gk' g]d { f xfn #^) lkm6df /x]sf] 5 eg] ef/tLo gx/x?sf] ;txsf] prfO{ #$( lkm6 dfq /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 g]kfnL gx/df cfjZos Ifdtfdf kfgL hfg g;Sg] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . u08s gx/sf nflu ef/tn] cfkm\gf] b]zsf nflu k"jL{ gx/sf] kfgL pkof]u u/L b'O{ ljB't\
ef/taf6 eG;f/ 5n]/ ;f] uf8L g]kfnlt/ cfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;' / fssf cfwf/df k|x/Ln] r]shfFr ubf{ ;f] uf8L / rfnsnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ ;'g;/L eG;f/ sfof{ n odf a' e mfPsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . o;} u /L lhNnfsf]
blIf0fL /fdgu/ e'6fxf uflj; If]qdf kl/rflnt k|x/L u:tL 6f]nLn] sf]!@k @)%% gDa/sf] df]6/fOsn r]shfFr ug]{ qmddf ;f] df]6/;fOsnsf] k5fl8 !%) af] t n sf] / ] S ; NofPsf] km] n f kf/]kl5 df]6/;fOsn;lxt ;f] cj}w nfu'cf}ifw lnP/ cfpFb} u/]sf ;f]xL :yfgsf @@ jifL{o
ls;gb]j ;fxnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] klg lhNnf k| x /L sfof{ n o ;'g;/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . kqmfp k/] s f ;fx;lxt df]6/;fOsn / nfu'cf}ifw lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf] lx/f;tdf /fv]/ pgnfO{ nfu'cf}ifw cf];f/k;f/ P]gcGtu{t sf/afxL ;'? ul/Psf] k|x/Ln] atfPsf] 5 .
dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x? wg'iff
;nf{xL ;nf{xL c:ktfn laB't k|flws/0f bdsn PDj'n]G;-/]8qm;_ b'/ ;+rf/ dd{t lh= k|zf;g sf lh= vfg]kfgL lh=k=| sf dn+ujf O k|x/L sf= xl/jg O k|x/L sf= xl/k'/ O k|x/L sf= a/xyjf O k|x/L sf= O{Zj/k'/ lh 6«f sf gjnk'/
%@)!## %@!%^) %@)))) %@)!(% !(* %@)!&& %@)!$* %@))(( %#)%!! ^@)#))
%$)#$! ^()@!& %&)#!% ;z:q k| an %@!!#% ;nf{xL SofDk; %@)#&# b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@))!@ hfgsL nh %@!@()
cr+n c:ktfn wg'iff c:ktfn lh=k=| sf= hgkf bdsn ;z:q k| an PDa'n]G;–/]8qm; ;'/Iff u'Nd a}/s ] Po/kf]6{ hgsk'/ /]Nj] cf+vf c:ktfn ljB't km\oh F zfvf a'4 Po/ otL Po/nfOG; uf]/vf Po/ /]l8of] dw]z
dxf]Q/L %@))## %@%*)) %@))(( %@))!! %@&@!# !)@ %@^%*^ %@))$$ %@)@!! %@)#(& %@)!%! %@^@($ %@))$* %@^@($ %@*@)&
/f}tx6
lh k|x/L sf= k|x/L sfG6f]n lhNnf c:ktfn af?0f ofGq PDa'n]G;
%@)!(( %@)))( %@))&) %@))(& %@)!)) ljB't kmo'h zfvf %@))^^ %@)!^^ e+;f/ sfo{no %@!!$@ u0f]z o'jf sld6 %@^#^) le7fdf]8 k| rf}sL %@)@)( Ok|sf alb{af; %%%))^ Ok|sf uf}znf %@($)#
lh k|x/L sf=
l5Gd:tfu0f alb{af;%@(^!( b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@)^&&
b ;xf/f PDa'nG] ; %@!$!%
lh=6flkms rk'/ c:ktfn bdsn laB't /]8qm; e+;f/ sfo{no O k| sf rk'/ Ok|sf= u8'/f Ok|sf= u+uflkk/f g]kfn 6]lnsd
%@)!&& %@)!(( %$)!(( %@)#@* %@)#@$ %@)@&^ %@)!$! %@)@!) %@()!# %^%!(( ^()!)) %@)@@@
uf}/ gu/kflnsf %@)@($
dw]z kf]i6
# lhNnfsf] Psdfq af?0f oGq xf]nL sf/afxLdf $( kqmfp, Ps nfv a9L hl/jfgf p7\of] lau]k | l5 ;nf{xLaf;L ;d:ofdf @)^( r}t !% ut], lalxaf/
dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !$ r}q . ljut b'O{ jif{ klxn] b]lv ;nf{xLdf /x]sf] Ps dfq af?0f oGq lju|LPkl5 lhNnfaf;L ;d:ofdf k/]sf 5g\ . cfunuLsf] ;do cfPsf]n] lhNnfdf af?0f oGq gx'bfF lhNnfaf;L ;d:ofdf k/] s f] gful/s ;dfhsf cujf lzjrGb| rf}w/Ln] atfpg'eof] . lhNnfdf af?0foGq gx'bfF clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfunuL eof] eg] 7"nf] wgdfnsf] Iflt x'g] rf}w/Lsf] syg /x]sf]
5 . cfkm' x ?n] a] / a] / gu/kflnsfdf uO{ d/Ddt ;Def/sf nflu bafa lbP klg sfof{nodf sfof{no k|d'vsf] clgoldttfsf sf/0f ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]sf] rf}w/Ln] atfpg'eof] . otf sfof{no k|dv ' s[i0f k|;fb ;fksf]6fn] o;jif{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 dd{t ;Def/sf nflu # nfv /sd cg'bfg k|fKt ePsf]n] r}q dlxgfdf g} dd{t ;Def/ u/L ;+rfngdf Nofpg
cfkmx? nflu k/]sf] atfpg'eof] . ld:qLn] dd{t ;Def/sf nflu sl/a # nfv ?k}of cfjZos kg]{ eg] kl5 lhNnf ljsf;n] pQm /sd pkNaw u/fPsf] ;fksf]6fn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . #÷$ lbgd} uf8LnfO{ d/Ddt ;Def/sf nflu lj/u+ h k7fOg] ;fksf] 6 fn] atfpg'eof] . xfjfx' / Lsf] ;do cfPsf]n] lhNnfdf af?0f oGq x'g' lgtfGt h?/L /x]sf] lhNnfaf;Lsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .
/fh3f6 uflj;nfO{ e"ld clwsf/ d~rsf] bafa dw] z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !$ r}q . ;'s'Daf;L cfof]udf lgj]bg lbPsf :yfgLo ;'sD' af;Lsf ljifodf 5fgljg u/L ;h{ldg d'rN' sf tof/ kfg{] sfd t'?Gt cl3 a9fpg ;nf{xLsf] /fh3f6 uflj; sfof{ n onfO{ /fli6«o e"ld clwsf/ d~rn] bafa lbPsf] 5 . d~rsf lhNnf cWoIf hLtaxfb'/ uf]ns ] f] g]tT[ jdf uPsf] :yfgLojf;L ;'sD' af;Lsf] 6f]nLn] o:tf] dfu ub{} ;f]daf/ /fh3f6 uflj;df 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] xf] .
;'s'Daf;Lsf bafan] sd}{of / 9+ ' u | ] v f] n f uflj;nfO{ ;h{ l dg d'r'Nsf agfpg] k|lqmof yfln ;s]sf 5g\ eg] qmdzM cGo uflj;nfO{ klg o:tf] bafa lbO{g] d~rn] hgfPsf] 5 . ut jif{ s } r} t df ;' s ' D af;L kmf/d e/] s f ;'sD' af;Lsf ljifodf uflj;x?n] clxn];Dd ;h{ldg d'rN' sf k]z gu/]sf sf/0f ;'sD' af;L kl/ro kq lgdf{0f nufot cfjZos k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg g;lsPsf] eGb} s]xL lbg cl3 cfof]usf] lhNnf ;ldltn] cf–cfkm\ g f
uflj;nfO{ bafa lbg :yfgLo ;'s'Daf;LnfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] . ;ldltsf cWoIf df]xgnfn >]i7 ;Gb]zsf cg';f/ clxn];Dd xhl/of, sfln~hf]/, hAbL, /fgLu+ h , hfgsLgu/, lqe'jggu/, k/jfgLk'/, dfgk'/ / ;'bfdf uflj;af6 dfq ;h{ldg d'rN' sf k|fKt ePsf] 5 . afFsL Ps gu/kflnsf ;lxt (! uflj; sfof{noaf6 ;h{ldg d'rN' sf k|fKt x'g g;Sbf cfjZos k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg g;lsPsf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
ljZj zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ dxfo1 O6x/L, !$ r}t . df]/ª lhNnfsf] b' n f/L uflj;df /x] s f] nIdLgf/fo0f dlGb/ tyf cGo ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ;ª\ s ngsf nflu cfhb] l v ;ftfJofkL dxfo1sf] z'ef/De ul/Psf] 5 . O6x/L gu/kflnsf;Fu hf] l 8Psf] a' 9 Lvf] n fsf] k" j L{ lsgf/df /x]sf] dlGb/ lgdf{0f;Fu} a'9Luª\ufsf] k"jL{ t6aGw lgdf{0f / vf]nf ;/;kmfOsf nflu lbuf] sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]/ dxfo1 ul/Psf] xf] .
To;qmddf cfh xhf/fF} eQmhg ;xefuL eP/ dxfo1sf] k| r f/k| ; f/;F u } ljZj dfgj zflGtsf] sfdgf ub} { O6x/L gu/kflnsf / df]/ª lhNnfsf] b'nf/L uflj; If]qdf zf]efsnz ofqf lgsflnPsf] 5 . nIdLgf/fo0f dlGb/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] ;f] dxfo1sf] a/fxIf]qsf kL7fwLz afn;Gt df] x gz/0f b] j frfo{ n ] j} l bs ljlwk"js { pb\3f6g ug'e { of] . ;f]xL ;df/f]xdf ljZj
lxGb' dxf;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj j]bk|;fb bfxfnn] lxGb' wd{sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] g]kfndf wd{ lg/k]Iftf 3f]if0ff u/]/ 3f]/ cGofo u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;ftfJofkL ;f] dxfo1df ? @) nfv ;ª\sng ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] cfof]hs ;ldltsf cWoIf ;d/k|;fb cfrfo{n] atfpg'ePsf] 5. dxfo1df k'/f0f aflrsf ;'>L /df 9sfnn] k'/f0fsf] afrg ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] ;+of]hs p4j zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
k|x/LnfO{ ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug]{ k|ltj4tf dw]z ;dfrf/bftf ;nf{xL, !$ r}q . zflGt ;'/Iff :yfkgf ug{ k| x /LnfO{ ;Sbf] ;xof] u ug] { nfnaGbLsf ;/f] s f/jfnfx?n] k| l tj4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . ;'/IffnfO{ s;/L ;'b[9, ;an Pj+ ;xh agfpg] eGg] ljifodf nfnaGbL k|x/L rf}sLn] cfof] h gf u/] s f] ;j{ k IfLo 5nkmndf ;/f] s f/jfnfx?n] To:tf] k|ltj4tf hgfPsf x'g\ .
/fhg} l ts bnsf :yfgLo k|ltgLlw, gfukl/s ;dfh, pBf]u jf;0fHo ;+3, ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;~rf/sdL{ nufotsf ;/f] s f/jfnf lgsfosf k|ltgLlwx?n] k|x/Ln] ug]{ /fd|f] sfddf ;Fw} ;fy / ;xof]u /xg] atfPsf x'g\ . sfo{ q mddf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f, k|x/L k| z f;g / ;/f] s f/jfnf lgsfoaLrsf] ;DaGw lj:tf/,
xf]nL kj{sf] zflGt ;'/Iff, ;'/Iffsf nflu eflj /0fgLlt / of]hgfsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] nfnaGbL k|x/L rf}sLn] hgfPsf] 5 . nfnaGbL uflj;sf] xndf ePsf] sfo{ q mddf o;cl3sf rf}sL O~rfh{ k|x/L gfoa lgl/Ifs ;Gtf]if kl08tnfO{ ljbfO{ ug'{sf ;fy} gofF k|x/L gfoj lgl/Ifs lbks s] ; LnfO{ :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] .
lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;nf{xLsf] ;"rgf k|:t't ljifodf o; lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 cg'bfg kfO{/x]sf afn ljsf; s]Gb|x?n] afn ljsf; s]Gb| ;xof]uL sfo{stf{x?sf] t]>f] rf}dfl;s kfl/>lds lgsf;fsf nflu @)^( r}t d;fGt leq tkl;nsf] sfuhft ;lxt clgjfo{ ?kdf kmfO{n btf{ u/fpg'xg ' cg'/f]w 5 . !_ afn ljsf; s]Gb| Joj:yfkg ;ldlt÷dft[ ljBfnoaf6 ;=sf=sf] xflh/L k|dfl0ft . @_ k|yd / bf]>f] rf}dfl;ssf] tnaL e/kfO{ . #_ >f]t JolQmfsf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt lgsf;f dfu kmf/d . gf]6 M tkl;nsf sfuhft k]z eO{ gcfPsf afn ljsf; s]Gb| ;xof]uL sfo{stf{x/ sf] t]>f] rf}dfl;s kfl/>lds lgsf;f gx'g] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
of]hgf tyf tYofË kmf“6 lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;nf{xL
lrtjg, !$ r}t . lrtjgdf xf]nLsf cj;/df ;jf/L lgod pNnª\ 3 g u/L cjfl~5t lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{] $( hgfnfO{ kqmfp u/L sf/afxL ul/Psf] 5 . lxhf] laxfgb]lv cfh laxfg;Dd k|x/Ln] lgod pNnª\3g ug{] $( dWo] #@ hgf dflg; / !(^ ;jf/L;fwgdfly u/] s f] sf/afxLdf dfq} s"n ? Ps nfv !( xhf/ $%) hl/jfgf lnO{ 5fl8Psf] ;d]t k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . cGo !& hgfnfO{ yk cfjZos sf/afxL ug'k{ g{] ePsfn] clxn] klg k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf
/fv]sf] lrtjgsf k|x/L k|d'v bLks yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pgLx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ck/fw P]gcg';f/ sf/afxL x'g] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . uPsf] @$ 306fsf] cGt/fndf k|x/Ln] s"n @@* df] 6 /;fOsnnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf]df #@ j6fnfO{ eg] yk sf/afxLsf nflu /fv]sf] cfh lj1lKtdfkm{t hgfPsf] 5 . k| x /Ln] lxhf] b ] l v g} ;jf/L r]shfFrnfO{ s8fO u/]sf sf/0f ljutsf jif{df eGbf o;jif{ xf]nLdf cjfl~5t lqmofsnfkdf sldcfPsf] e/tk'/sf /fh' ;]9fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;+oldt eP/
xf]nL dgfpg eGb} k|x/Ln] dfOlsu+ u/L ;"rgf;d]t ul//x]sf] 5 . oxfF k|x/Ln] c:yfoL r]skf]i6 g} v8f u/]/ o:tf ultljlw lgoGq0f cleofg yfn]sf] 5 . hgkb;Fu} ;;:q k|x/LnfO{ ;d]t kl/rfng u/]/ ;'/Iff Joj:yf s8f kfl/Psf] lrtjg k|zf;gn] hgfPsf] 5 . cfh klg laxfg} b ] l v k| x /L lrtjgsf ljleGg ahf/ If]qsf] gfsfdf r]shfFrdf vl6;s]sf 5g\ . lxhf] kxf8L If]qsf] xf]nL / cfh t/fO{ If] q sf] xf] n L ePklg lrtjgdf ;j} If]qsf dflg;sf] a;f]jf; ePsfn] b'j} lbg oxfF xf]nLsf] /f}gs x'g] ub{5 .
z"Go kmf]x/d}nf agfpg] tof/L dª\unaf/] -Onfd_, !$ r}t . b}lgs ¿kdf efG5f 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/nfO{ z"Go kmf]x/ efG5f 3/ -lsrg_ agfpg Onfd gu/kflnsfn] b'O{ j6f j8fnfO{ 5gf]6 u/]sf] 5 . z"Go kmf]x/ efG5f 3/ agfpg Onfd gu/kflnsf ! / @ j8fnfO{ 5gf]6 u/]sf] xf] . z"Go kmf]x/d}nf agfpg /f]dL sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf gf} hgfsf] ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . k|yd r/0fdf ;'? ug{
nfluPsf] sfo{ q mddf gu/kflnsfn] pkef] Q mfnfO{ sDkf]:6 dn agfpg] efF8f] -ljg_ b'O{ yfgsf b/n] tLg;o hgfnfO{ pknAw u/fO{ ;' ? ul/g] gu/kflnsfsf zfvf clws[t /fds' d f/ zfxn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . 3/af6 lg:sg] t/sf/Lsf] af] q mf, w" n f] ;fu;AhLsf] kftnufotsf s'lxg] j:t'nfO{ sDkf]:6 dn agfpg] / gs'lxg] kmf]x/d}nf Jojl:yt ug{sf
nflu 6f] n ljsf; ;+ : yfn] Jojl:yt vfN8f] agfpg] ePsf] 5. kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg k|fljlws ;xof]u s]Gb| sf7df8fF} tyf Onfd gu/kflnsfsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf efG5f 3/nfO{ …lh/f] j]:6Ú sfo{qmdsf nflu s'lxg] / gs'lxg] kmf]x/d}nf /fVg Pp6f lsrg a/fa/ b'O{ j6f efF8f] /flVfg] ePsf] 5 . gu/n] pQm sfo{qmdsf nflu pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f;d]t u/fpg] ePsf] 5 .
;]eg ] ;lDd6åf/f ;f]nv ' D' a'sf] ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u sf7df8f}F, !$ r}t . ;]e]g ;lDd6 kmfpG8];gn] ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf] ljs6 uflj; 6flK6ªl:yt >L hglk|o dfljnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . nfdf] ;do cd]l/sfdf a;f] j f; ub} { cfpg' e Psf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ -P;L_ sf] g]t[Tjdf :yfkgf ePsf] kmfpG8];gn] pQm ljBfnonfO{ b;j6f Nofk6k / ljB'tLo lstfa -lsG8n_ ;xof]u u/]sf] xf] . ljBfnodf cfof] l ht Ps sfo{qmdaLr cWoIf z]kf{n] tL ;fdu| L x:tfGt/0f ug' { e of] .;fdflhs ;]jfsf nflu cd]l/sfdf :yfkgf ePsf] kmfpG8] ; gn]
g]kfnnufot cGo ul/a b]zsf ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5. kmfpG8] ; gsf cWoIf z] k f{ n ] ;f]n'v'Da' h:t} b]zsf ljleGg ljs6 lhNnfdf /x]sf ljBfnonfO{ cfufdL lbgdf o:t} ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf ljs6 ufpF 6flK6ª, s]?ª / uf]/fsf afl;GbfnfO{ ;' l jwf x' g ] u/L cfufdL b'O{ jif{leq cTofw'lgs 8]G6n lSnlgs ;~rfng ug]{ 3f]if0ff klg ug'{eof] . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks wgaxfb'/ sfsL{n] ljs6 uflj;df /x]sf] cfˆgf]
ljBfnonfO{ Nofk6k ;xof] u u/] s f] d f wGojfb lbF b } o;n] ufpFdf ljBfnotxd} k|fljlws lzIff lbnfpg pkof] u L x' g ] atfpg'eof] .lj;+ @)!$ ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] ;f] ljBfnodf sl/a @)) ljBfyL{ cWoog/t 5g\ . u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL z]kf{n] ljZjsf ;ft dxfb]zsf ;a}eGbf cUnf] ;ftj6} lxdfn cf/f]x0f u/]/ ljZj sLlt{ d fg sfod ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . ;] e ] g ;lDd6 kmfpG8];gn] pQm ljBfnosf ljBfyL{nfO{ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg tflnd / lzIfsnfO{ sDKo'6/ tflnd;d]t lbPsf] lyof] .
5fqfnfO{ cWoogsf nflu ;xof]u sLlt{k'/, !$ r}t . cd]l/sfdf :yflkt eO{ kmlk{ ª If] q df lqmofzLn ;+ : yf ?Sd0fL kmfpG8] ; gn] kmlk{ ª If] q sf ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ @( hgf 5fqfnfO{ cWoogsf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg lsl;daf6 cWoogsf] ;xh kx'Fr gePsf 5fqfnfO{ nlIft u/L ;xof]u ;'? u/]sf] kmfpG8];gn] ut jif{ !) hgf 5fqfnfO{ k"0f{ 5fqj[lQsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf]df o; jif{ yk
!( hgf u/L @( hgf 5fqfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] xf] . 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/Psf 5fqfnfO{ pgLx¿sf] cWoogdf nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ z'Ns kmfpG8];gsf tkm{ a f6 pknAw u/fOg] kmfpG8];gsf sfo{qmd clws[t lg/f] h >] i 7n] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/Psf 5fqfx¿ kmlk{ ª / o; cf;kf;sf c¿0ff]bo pRr dflj, ;]tLb]jL dflj, kmlk{ ª pRr dflj /
lzv/fk'/ ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . kmfpG8] ; gn] 1fg, cfo' ; / lbbL u/L tLgj6f ;] j fd" n s sfo{ q md ;~rfng u/] s f] 5 .h;cg' ; f/ 1fg sfo{qmdcGtu{t 5fqj[lQ tyf lzIff ljifos sfo{ q md, cfo';cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;]jf / lbbL sfo{ q mdcGtu{ t dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] >] i 7n] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .
dn+ujf ljt/0f s]Gb| sf] ljB't nf]8 ;]l8Ësf] sfo{tflnsf af/ cfO{taf/ ;f]daf/ du+naf/ a'wjf/ ljlxjf/ z'qmjf/ zlgjf/
laxfg÷lbp;f] )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd )*M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )!M)) ah];Dd )%M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )$M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )#M)) b]lv )*M)) ah];Dd )(M)) b]lv )#M)) ah];Dd
a]ns ' f÷/ftL !)M)) b]lv )@M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv !)M)) ah];Dd )^M)) b]lv )(M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !@M)) ah];Dd )@M)) b]lv )&M)) ah];Dd )!M)) b]lv )^M)) ah];Dd )&M)) b]lv !!M)) ah];Dd
dw]z kf]i6
lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&
@)^( r}t !% ut], lalxaf/
sfFu; ]| nfO{ nfUof] r'gfj
alnp8 cleg] q L /fvL ;fjGtn] cfufdL r} t !& df /fhwfgLsf] bz/y /+ u zfnfdf lbg] alnp8 Do' l hs PG8 d:tL' gfds sfo{ q mddf :ylut ePsf] 5 . cfof] h ssf cg' ; f/ bz/y /+ u zfnf xfn rln/x] s f] zlxb :df/s P l8lehg ;'k/ lnu km'6ansf sf/0f sfo{qmd /f]s/] j}zfv ! sf] nflu ;f/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ;'k/ lnun] ub{f xfdLn] sfo{qmd /4 ug{ afWo eof} +. /4 x'g] ePkl5 !@ ut]b]lv l6s6 laqmL ;d]t /f]lsof] . a}zfv ! df /fvLafx]s cGo snfsf/x? cfpg /fhL ePsf 5g /fvLsf] k|ltlqmof cfO;s]sf] 5}g * xhf/ l6s6 laqmL eO;s] s f lyP,' c fof] h s e/ts' d f/ zfxLn] eg] . pgn] bz/y /+uzfnfdf zlgaf/ sfo{qmd ug{ glbg u0f]z yfkfn] of]hgf agfPsf] ;d]t atfP .
s]dnLk'/sf ls;fg e'FOs6x/v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t hgsk'/wfd, !$ r}t . df};dL t/sf/L afnLsf] v]tLdf dfq lge{ / /x] s f] pQ/L wg' i ffsf] s]dnLk'/sf ls;fg yk cfly{s nfe lng Jofj;flos ¿kdf e'FOs6x/sf] v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . pQ/L wg'iffsf] 9Ns]a/ uflj; j8f g+ !, @ / # s]dnLk'/sf sl/a &)) ls;fg 3/kl/jf/ o;sf] Jofj;flos v] t L u/L cfly{ s nfe lng yfn]sf 5g\ . a] / f] h uf/Lsf] sf/0f ;fx' dxfhg;Fu rsf]{ Aofhdf nfvf}F ¿k}ofF C0f lnP/ j}b]lzs /f]uhf/df hfg] o'jf ca cfˆg} ufpFdf e'OF s6x/sf] v]tL u/L /fd|f] cfDbfgL lng yfn]sf s]dnLk'/sf jf;' v8\sf atfpg'x'G5 .
udL{ df};ddf :jf:Yojw{s / clt kf] i fstTj /x] s f] e' F O s6x/ k| l tjif{ sl/a !% xhf/ lSGj6neGbf a9L pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf csf{ ls;fg 1fgaxfb'/ aflgofF atfpg'x'G5 . pTkflbt e' F O s6x/ k| l tuf] 6 f ? !)) ;Dddf laqmL x'g] u/]sfn] o;af6 /fd| f ] cfly{ s nfe k| f Kt x' g yfn]sf] 5 . v] / uPsf] hUuf, kfvfle/, cfnLdf tyf yf]/} kfgLdf o;sf] v]tL ;lhn} ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] oxfFsf ls;fgx¿ Jofj;flos ¿kdf o;sf] v]tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .Æ cDd/ vqL eGg'x'G5 . pTkflbt e'OF s6x/ :yfgLo ahf/ 9Ns]a/, alb{jf;, dx]Gb|gu/, hgsk'/sf ;fy} kf]v/f, jL/uGh, gf/fo0f3f6, sf7df8fF}nufotsf
ahf/df yf] s Jofkf/Ldfkm{ t hfG5 . OGb|dfof aflgofF eGg'xG' 5Jofkf/Lx¿ 3/d} cfP/ lsg]/ nfg] u/]sfn] ahf/sf] ;d:of eg] 5}g . km' ; { b sf] ;dodf o;sf] v]tL ul/G5 / o;n] /fd|f] cfDbfgL lbg yfn] k l5 cGo ls;fg klg e'FOs6x/v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ . oxfFsf ls;fgx¿ sl/a !% la3fdf o;sf] v]tL u/L ? @) b]lv @% nfv;Dd cfly{ s nfe lng yfn]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf ls;fgnfO{ ;/sf/n] ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd nfu" u/L cfjZos 1fg / l;k pknAw u/fpg ;s]df o;sf] v]tLaf6 cema9L cfly{s nfe lng ;Sg] ls;fgsf] wf/0ff /x]sf]5 .
/fli6«o k'?if tyf dlxnf elnan r}t @^ b]lv sf7df8f} F , !$ r} t . g] k fn elnan ;ª\3sf] cfof]hgfdf oxL r}t @^ b]lv #! ut];Dd k|yd /fli6"o k'?if tyf dlxnf Sna lnu elnan k| l tof] l utf ;~rfng x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;ª\3n] cfh oxfF cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd] n gdf cWoIf bfgaxfb'/ tfdfªn] k|ltof]lutfdf
k'?iftkm{ 5 / dlxnftkm{ rf/ l6dsf] ;xeflutf /xg] atfpg'eof] . k' ? ifsf] ^ l6ddf lqe' j g cfdL{Sna, g]kfn k'ln;, ;z:q k|x/L, ljZjljBfno, lhkmf]/ / klZrdf~rn elnan k|lzIf0f s]Gb| /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L dlxnfsf] rf/ l6ddf Go" 8fodG8 :s' n , klZrdf~rn
elnan k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;z:q k|x/L / g]kfn k|x/L /x]sf 5g\ . k| l tof] l utfsf] dlxnf Pjd\ k'?iftkm{ k|yd x'gn ] ] ? Ps nfv %) xhf/, bf];f| ] x'gn ] ] ? &%, xhf/ / t];f| ] x'gn ] ] ? $) xhf/ k'/:sf/ kfpg'sf ;fy} lzN8 d]8n tyf k|df0fkq k|fKt ug]{ hgfOPsf] 5.
lzIfs cfjZostf 1fgf]bo cfjf;Lo p=df=lj= dn+ujf–( ;nf{xLnfO{ cufdL z}lIfs ;q @)&) df lgDg l/Qm kbdf oyfl;3| kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] x'“bf OR5's pDd]bjf/n] t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug'x { g ' hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . kb M– z}lIfs of]Uotf M– cg'ej M– bIftf M– tna M– tx M– df=lj= z}lIfs of]Uotf M–
lk|lG;kn M.A/M.Ed/M.Sc jf ;f] ;/x slDtdf % jif{ ljBfno k|zf;g rnfPsf] c+uh ]| L efiff af]Ng ;Ifd dfl;s @),))) .– ljifo M– ul0ft tyf lj1fg B.A/B.Ed/B.Sc jf ;f] ;/x ÷dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ejsf] k|fyldstf tna M cfk;L ;dembf/Laf6 b/vf:t ldlt M @)^( r]q @% ut];Dd, ;Dks{ ldlt )^( r}q @^ ut] ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M (*$$)#@$($÷(*%$)#^!)#
kfFry/, !$ r}t . g]kfnL sfFu; ]| kfFry/n] cfpFbf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{ r gsf nflu r' g fjL ultljlwnfO{ tLj| ? kn] cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . dª\unaf/ kfFry/sf] hf]/kf]v/Ll:yt g]kfnL sfFu|]; kfFry/ If]q gDa/ ! n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] r'gfjL cfd;efnfO{ sfFu; ]| dxfdGqL s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nfn] ;Daf]wg ug'e { of] . ;Daf] w gsf] qmddf dxfdGqL l;6f}nfn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ hª\ u naf6 nf] s tflGqs /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df NofpFbf klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efdf sfFu|];n] r' g fj xf/] s f] :d/0f ub} { Pdfcf]jfbL 7"nf] kf6L{ ag]sf sf/0f nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ g;lsPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] clxn] Pdfcf]jfbL xltof/sf] /fhgLlt TofuL zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df cfO;s]sf], pm;Fu ePsf] ;]gfnfO{ g] k fnL ;] g fdf ;dfof] h g ul/;lsPsf] / xltof/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfO ;lsPsfn] ca x'g] lgjf{rgdf sfFu; ]| n] ax'dt xfl;n ug]5 { eGg'eof] . o:t} csf{ s] G b| L o ;b:o eLid/fh cfª\b]Dj]n] ca sfFu|];sf] sfFwdf nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L ;d'Ggt g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ cleef/f cfPsfn] sfF u | ] ; nfO{ lhtfpg kg] { atfpg'eof] . b'O{ lgjf{rg If]q /x]sf] kfFry/ lhNnfdf r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]lsP nuQ} ufpF:t/b]lv 6f]n:t/;Dd 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd lnP/ hfg] sfFu|]; ;lrj /fh' >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
sfuhkq n'l6of] tgx',F !$ r}t . g]skf-dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n] lhNnfsf] b'n]uf}8f uflj;df ;'? ePsf] kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sng tyf cBfjlws sfo{df cj/f]w ug's { f ;fy} sfuhkq;d]t n'6s ] f 5g\ . b' n ] u f} 8 f uflj; ejgdf dª\unaf/b]lv ePsf] ;f] sfo{df dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n] ;f]xL uflj;sf] j8f g+ & sf] gfdfjnL /x]sf] ljj/0f k'l:tsf n'l6nu]sf x'g\ . o;cl3 g} dfcf]jfbLn] lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf] dtbftf gfdfjnL cBfjlw ug] { sfo{ aGb ug{ uflj; ;lrjnfO{ 1fkgkq;d]t a'emfPsf lyP . pQm j8fsf] gfdfjnL k' l :tsf dfcf] j fbLn] nu] k l5 k|x/Lsf] pkl:yltdf gfdfjnL ;ª\sng ul/Psf] lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{nosf k|dv ' sLt{/fh kf}8] n ] n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . g] s kf-dfcf] j fbLsf lhNnf ;lrj cltGb| s ] z /L Gof} k fg] n ] b' n ] u f} 8 fdf ePsf] kmf]6f];lxtsf] gfdfjnL ;ª\sng sfo{ d f cj/f] w ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .
;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf w'dk{ fg gu/f}{ .
$
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
8'a/] afnssf] d[To' pbok'/, !$ ut] r}t . pbok'/sf] lqo' u f gu/kflnsf-@ k' / fgf] ufO{3f6 a:g] s'df/ s6'jfnsf !) jifL{o 5f]/f /f]zg s6'jfnsf] cfh lbpF;f] a?jf vf]nfdf 8'a/] d[To' ePsf] 5 . ;fyLx?;Fu xf]nL v]n]/ vf]nfdf g'xfpg hfFbf s6'jfnsf] a?jf vf]nfdf agfOPsf] afFwdf hd]sf] kfgLdf 8'a/] d[To' ePsf]
$
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no pbok'/sf k| x /L pk/LIfs dx] G b| s ' d f/ kf]v/]nn] atfpg'eof] . ;fyLx?;Fu kfgLdf kf}8L v]Ng k;]sf s6'jfn crfgs kfgLdf 8' a ] k l5 ;fyLx?n] kfgLaf6 lgsfNg k|of; u/]sf lyP t/ ;kmn ePgg\ . s6'jfnsf] zj lhNnf c:ktfn pbok' / df k/LIf0fsf nflu /flvPsf] 5 .
Pstf dxflwj]zg h]7df sf7df8f}F, !$ r}t . /fli6"o hgzlQm kf6L{ / /fli6"o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] Pstf dxflwj]zg cfufdL h]7 #-% ut] sf7df8f}dF f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . o;cl3 pQm dxflwj]zg oxL r}t @#-@^ ut] ug]{ elgPsf] lyof] . /fk|kfsf cWoIf kz'kltzDz]/ ha/f / /fhkfsf cWoIf ;" o { a xfb' /
yfkfåf/f ;+oQ' m?kdf x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf clwj]zgsf] d'Vo nIo cfpFbf] r'gfjnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL kf6L{sf] sfo{kq tyf ljwfg tof/ ug]{ / gofF g]tT[ j rog ug]{ /x]sf] kl/k|I] odf dxflwj]zgdf k]; ul/g] sfo{qmd tyf ljwfgaf/] Jofks 5nkmn ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPsfn] dxflwj]zgsf] ldlt kl/jt{g ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
a; klN6Fbf afx|hgf 3fOt] lrtjg, !$ r} t . klZrd lrtjgsf] dª\unk'/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt–@ df cfh laxfg a; klN6Fbf !@ hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . lhtk' / af6 gf/fo0fu9tkm{ cfpFb} u/]sf] gf#v ^!#^ gDa/sf] a; l:kl/ª kftf
efFlrP/ v]tdf klN6Psf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no lrtjgn] hgfPsf] 5. 3fOt]dWo] b'Oh { gfsf] cj:yf uDeL/ /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 3fOt]x¿sf] e/tk'/l:yt sn]h ckm d]l8sn ;fOG;]hdf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
/f}tx6 k|x/Låf/f km/f/ clwo'Qm kqmfp /f}tx6, !$ r}t . /f}tx6sf] a;Gtk§L uflj;sf k"j{ cWoIf c¿0f h;jfnsf] Hofgdfg]{ pBf]u d'2fdf km/f/ /x]sf cleo'QmnfO{ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no /fhk'/ km/xbjfn] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs c¿0fs'df/ s'zjfxfsf] g]tT[ jdf uPsf] u:tL6f]nLn] cfOtaf/ laxfg (M)) ah]sf] ;dodf nf}sfxfaf6 a;Gtk§L–^ sf %% jifL{o df]x/nfn snjf/nfO{ kfFr dlxgfkl5 kqmfp u/L cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu lhNnf k|x/L sfof{ n o /f} t x6df ;f] d af/ NofOPsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no
uf}/sf k|x/L lg/LIfs 5]bLnfn sfdtLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;}u/L cTolws /S;L / ufFhf vfO{ xf]xNnf ug]{ kfFrhgf o'jsnfO{ /f}tx6 k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/sf] 5 . kmx{ b jfl:yt dbgL rf}sdf /S;L ;]jg u/L xNnf drfO/x]sf em'Gv'Gjf uflj; * sf ;+tf]if ;fx, ljqmd ofbj, clgn ofbj, lg/fhg ;fx / /fs]z ;fxnfO{ cfOtaf/ /flt !! ah] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no /fhk'/ kmx{bjfsf] 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/]sf] k|gfgL c¿0fs'df/ s'zjfxfn] atfpg'eof] .
lhNnf kl/ifb\ ug]{ ;xdlt x'Dnf, !$ r}t . ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ bnaLr ljjfb / em8k;d]t ePkl5 :yug ePsf] lhNnf kl/ifb\ oxL r}t d;fGt;Dd ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu; ]| , Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_, g]skf -Pdfn]_nufot
bnaLr /fhwfgLdf ;f] ljifodf ;xdlt ePkl5 :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L g/]zk|;fb 9sfn klg oxfF cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . o;}aLr ;b/d'sfd l;dLsf]6, j/ufpF / 7] uflj;df Onfsf:t/Lo uf]i7L dª\unaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
vf]nfdf 8'a/] d[To' lj/f6gu/, !$ r}t . lj/f6gu/!* l:yt l;l3of vf]nfdf kf}8L v]lNf/x]sf] cj:yfdf 8'a]/ Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To' x'gd] f lj/f6gu/!* ljB't\ 6f]n lgjf;L !& jifL{o k|zfGt sfsL{ 5g\ . pgn] eujtL
ljBf dlGb/ Oªln; af] l 8{ ª :s'naf6 oxL jif{ P;Pn;L k/LIff lbPsf lyP . zj k/LIf0fsf nflu sf];L c~rn c:ktfndf nluPsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªn] hgfPsf] 5 .
df]6/;fOsn sf/afxLdf Efb| k ' / , !$ r} t . 6" f lkms lgodljk/Lt ;8sdf uf8L s' b fpg] !)) eGbf a9L df]6/;fOsnnfO{ cfh k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] 5 . df]6/;fOsndf IfdtfeGbf a9L ;jf/, x]Nd]6 gnufPsf / cfjZos sfuhft gaf]s]sf ;jf/L ;fwg k|x/Ln]
lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] xf] . 6"flkms k|x/L;Fu ;dGjo u/L Onfsf k|x/L sfof{ n on] cfh k" j { k lZrd /fhdfu{cGtu{t sfFs8le§fb]lv bds;Dd u/]sf] hfFrsf qmddf latf{df]8df %%, bdsdf $* / lemnlemn]df 5 df]6/;fOsn lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5