case studies

Informal to Semi-formal........

01_Kowloon Walled City, Hong Kong

Kowloon Walled City was the world’s densest urban area, with 3.2 million inhabitants per square mile, until it was destroyed by the British Hong Kong administration in 1994. It was a tiny, lawless area (0.1 square miles within the city.

02_Next 21, Japan

Next 21 in Osaka, Japan utilize many of the principles of Habraken. The 18 residential units located within the building were designed by 13 different architects with a system of rules, while the exterior, structure, interior finishes, and mechanical systems were designed as independent systems.

Because of this each unit has a level of autonomy that allows its user to make changes.