Architecture Capstone Brief - Logan Winstead by Logan Winstead

C APPLIED E APPLIED N T APPLIED E APPLIED R APPLIED for

APPLIED MATERIAL SCIENCES PROJECT BRIEF

Logan Winstead ARC 581:Project Prep December 2019 B. of Architecture NC State University

Project Preparation Brief

statement of intent stateÂˇment of inÂˇtent

Through this project, for which I have curated the contents of this brief, I intend to do a number of things. Most of all, I intend to be honest. I intend to be honest in my exploration of the architectural ideas of others. This exploration involves an analysis of theoretical writing and built projects. This process of analysis is a skill I have honed for the past four years. It will make me a better architect. I intend to be honest in my observations of the physical environments in which architecture exists. I will physically go to the site in question and supplement the visit with collected contextual data. This process of observation is a skill I have honed for the past four years. It will make me a better architect. I intend to be honest in my proposal. I will present the things I have seen and read in a way that others may understand. My explorations and observations give reason and guidance for crafting new spaces. This process of proposing is a skill I have honed for the past four years. It will make me a better architect. This project preparation brief and the studio project that follows will help me bridge the gap between the academic and professional realms of architecture. This project should be brought up to a level of refinement that demonstrates my cumulative experience and knowledge on how to practice architecture and it should convince my instructors and peers that I am ready to take on professional responsibility. Beyond this project, I intend to be honest in my passion for living an active, attentive, and compassionate life. The problems of the world are too serious to be passive; I intend to act and to do my part. Iâ€™ll remember always, however, that no struggle is serious enough to suppress a smile. This optimism is a mindset I have honed for the past twenty-three years. It will make me a better architect.

Table of Contents

contents conÂˇtents

idea quotations quote commentary idea precedents

site aerial photos vicinity context site boundaries natural systems circulation site photos grain analysis summary

program spatial requirements program precedents spatial relationships site massing

code compliance

bibliography

64 Textual citations are footnoted and provided again in the bibliography. Image citations are numbered (ie. 1 ) and cited in the bibliography.

4 6 7 16 18 20 24 26 28 30 42 44 48 50 56 57

idea i·de·a theoretical alignment:

Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto commentary Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto

context context Project Preparation Brief context context context context context context context context context context context context on context “Everyone can live at the water’s edge, on the banks of one of the countless lakes and there enjoy the pleasure of pine forests and fresh waters. In reality, of course, this is not the case because life is not as simple as that and men cannot settle wherever they please - everything must be properly organised.” 1 “Nature, biology, has rich and luxurious forms; with the same construction, the same tissues, and the same principles of cellular organization, it can create billions of combinations, each of which represents a definitive, highly-developed form. Man’s life belongs to the same category. The things that surround him are hardly fetishes or allegories with mystical eternal value; more than anything else, they are cells and tissues, living beings like himself, building components that make up human life. They cannot be treated differently from other biological units, lest they run the risk of not fitting into the system and becoming dehumanized.” 2

1. Lecture at the Central Union of Architecture in Vienna summer 1955; published in ‘Der Bau’, 1955, 7-8, p. 174-176 2. “Rationalismen och manniskan.” Lecture at the annual meeting of the Swedish Society of Industrial Design, May 9, 1935

order order order order order order order order order order order order order order on order

execution execution Theoretical Quotations on Architecture execution execution execution execution execution execution execution execution execution execution execution execution on execution

“In architecture one can reach a formal solution through imagination and intuition, i.e. one can more or less dream up the central motif. Imagination and intuition are also essential to form a whole out of the many and often conflicting elements (material, social, economic) which are contributory determinants in architecture. But instinct and imagination alone create nothing more than visions. Even if the first idea should nearly always prove correct, it is still essential that one tackles the material. Through application the ideas will become more concrete and realistic.” 3 “In order to meet its responsibility of helping towards a solution of the extensive humanistic, sociological, and psychological problems, architecture must be allowed as much inner and formal flexibility as possible. Every external, formal pressure - whether it be a deep-rooted tradition of style, or a superficial homogeneity born out of a misunderstanding of modern architecture - hinders architecture from playing a really active part in human development and thus lessens its importance and intensity.” 4

3. to Karl Fleig, ‘Die Beziehungen swischen Architektur, Malerei und Skulptur.’ Alvar Aalto, Synopsis. Biekhauser Verlag, 1970 4. Lecture held at Nordic Building Conference in Oslo, 1938; published in “ARK”, 1938, 9, p. 129-131 (in Finnish).

“Erecting a building without a real function is an act of monumental tastelessness. It can never be beautiful, for the beauty of a building does not depend on a set of proportions that happens to be in fashion and is considered monumental, but on a correspondence between form and purpose. A building must serve either god or man; it cannot be the shell of an idea, least of all an allegory.” 5 “We should work for simple, good, undecorated things, but things which are in harmony with the human being and organically fitted to the little man in the street.” 6 “An architectural solution must always have a human motive based on analysis, but that motive has to be materialized in construction which probably is a result of extraneous circumstances.” 7

5. An Independence Monument in Helsinki- The Olympic Stadium ,Uusi Suomi, November 25, 1927 6. Lecture held at the Royal Institute of British Architects, published in ‘The R.I.B.A. Journal’, May 1957, p. 258 7. Published in ‘The Technology Review’, November 1940, p. 14-16

commentary commentary commentary commentary commentary commentary commentary commentary commentary

Project Preparation Brief

Alvar Aalto, an architect of Finnish origin, consistently expressed a concern for the natural world and how the human contextually aligns him or herself within this world. This is not unlike the more general comparative sensitivity to nature and all she affords that characterizes Nordic culture. Aalto’s concerns about architecture and how it inherently affects the human experience were borne of regional observation and practice in Finland. He would go on to successfully apply what he had learned internationally. Aalto’s ideas transcend any single location and offer a guide as to where architecture should be, how architecture should be ordered, and the means and motives by which architecture should be executed. Aalto’s quotations on Context never enlist explicit architectural examples; he provides instead an analogy comparing natural systems to human systems. He begins more generally, speaking to the appropriateness of where man settles. Man shouldn’t build everywhere. A palm tree finds no appropriate existence in an icy mountain range because there is no place for it within that natural system. In the same way, man should not seek to rationalize a building’s appropriateness anywhere because, like the palm tree, it runs the risk of failing. An architect must consider the “living” context, meaning all the variables that impact its current function, in order to conceive of a project that fits the context. The unfortunate reality, however, is that man will build anywhere given the sophistication of technologies with which building and life are sustained, but an architect should take responsibility for his or her “input” so that the natural or built environment is improved rather than disrupted.

Aalto’s words on Order are primarily concerned with the application of imaginative architectural ideas to programs that should be allowed a progressive and responsive flexibility. Abiding strictly by the principles of a particular architectural style offers no genuinely new understanding of the human experience as it is influenced by architecture. In this mode of following too closely to popular styles or formal rules, there exists a stagnation of imagination and innovation. One should instead seek to find ordering principles through a project’s hyperspecific context and a user’s purpose. Problems of the world are dynamic. Architectural solutions should be too, but these solutions should be designed to be long-lasting and able to maintain relevance and effectiveness even as problems change. Lastly, Aalto’s discussion of Execution pertains to the details of an architectural project. His greatest concern, and for that matter, the most honest concern of the architect should be how the building material is related to the human. The architect’s task is to translate physical material into an experience that is understood and appreciated- consciously or subconsciouslyby the user. If the success of a project begins with an adequate assessment of site appropriateness, it should be rounded out in the details of construction. A amount of experimentation and attentiveness to precedent is required in hopes of achieving harmony with users. There must remain a essence of optimism and intellectual observation to combine materials in ways that improve human activity.

Quotation Commentary

idea precedents i路de路a prec路e路dents

Project Preparation Brief

Arcus Center Arcus Center Arcus Center Arcus Center Arcus Cente Studio Gang Kalamazoo, MI 2014

Residential College

Park

Precedent Analyses

er Arcus Center Arcus Center Arcus Center Arcus Center Arcus Cent “... they are cells and tissues, living beings like himself, building components that make up human life. They cannot be treated differently from other biological units...” -Alvar Aalto

The Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership in Kalamazoo, Michigan is respectfully situated between Kalamazoo College, a residential neighborhood, and a small park. Utilizing social inclusivity and interaction as an inspiration for both form and spatial program, Studio Gang demonstrates an understanding of designing within context in the way that Aalto suggested. 8 Aalto insists that architectural ‘cells,’ within any given context, “cannot be treated differently from other biological units.” It is clear through a diagrammatic process acknowledging both the natural and social conditions pertaining to this site and through an architectural form that clearly responds to this diagram, the Arcus Center achieves a contextual sensitivity. The project successfully addresses the importances of its surroundings and has the inherent potential to improve its context by socially and spatially uniting different groups in the community.

8. “Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership / Studio Gang” 15 Dec 2014. ArchDaily. Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/576630/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership-studio-gang/> ISSN 0719-8884

Project Preparation Brief

Kindergarten ‘Els Colors’ Kindergarten ‘Els Colors’ Kindergarten ‘Els RCR Arquitectes Barcelona, Spain 2004

Precedent Analyses

s Colors’ Kindergarten ‘Els Colors’ Kindergarten ‘Els Colors’ Kinderga “In order to meet its responsibility of helping towards a solution of the extensive humanistic, sociological, and psychological problems, architecture must be allowed as much inner and formal flexibility as possible.” -Alvar Aalto

The ‘Els Colors’ Kindergarten in Barcelona, Spain is simultaneously a study of the phenomenological and playful use of materials regarding building program and a study of scale appropriateness as it pertains to building users. Aalto emphasizes the need to execute a style-less and timeless architecture that “must be allowed as much inner and formal flexibility as possible.” Imagination should never leave the architectural process altogether, but a project must find some order based on the “humanistic, sociological, and psychological problems” that it seeks to address. RCR Arquitectes let the ordering principles of ‘Els Colors’ Kindergarten be derived from the height and wonder of a small child. The view glazing is kept low to the ground, ensuring a child maintains a connection to what excitement can be understood outdoors or in other classrooms. The colors utilized on the facade and on the interior are an opportunity for pattern recognition and creative development. 9

9. “’Els Colors’ Kindergarten / RCR Arquitectes” [Guarderia ‘Els Colors’ / RCR Arquitectes] 12 Dec 2016. ArchDaily. (Trans. Quintana, Lorena) Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/405106/els-colors-nursery-rcr-arquitectes/> ISSN 0719-8884

Project Preparation Brief

Viipuri Library Viipuri Library Viipuri Library Viipuri Library Viipuri L Alvar Aalto Vyborg, Russia 1935

Precedent Analyses

Library Viipuri Library Viipuri Library Viipuri Library Viipuri Library V “An architectural solution must always have a human motive based on analysis, but that motive has to be materialized in construction which probably is a result of extraneous circumstances.” -Alvar Aalto

Viipuri Library in Vyborg, Russia is a building of experimentation designed by Alvar Aalto himself. With regard to the execution of architecture, Aalto believed in a calculated “correspondence between form and purpose.” The details that influence circulation, arrival, light, comfort, and all other aspects of an architectural project that influence “harmony with the human,” should take a functional and formal shape with hopes of improving the human experience. If the goal was for a user to be able to read a book in the reading room with the best light, Aalto designed to this motive with circular roof penetrations that soften direct sunlight. If the goal was to adequately hear a presentation in the conference hall, Aalto sought a wave-like interior ceiling solution to carry the speaker’s voice to the seated crowd. 10 Aalto’s intentionality with material is also on display in the library. Entry door pulls and frames are of brass, a component of the building likely needing prolonged durability. The interior stairs feature organically shaped wooden handrails, an element needing less durability and increased comfort. The conference hall ceiling waves are of Karelian pine, a regional Finnish wood, that Aalto knew had the most appropriate acoustic properties. 11 10. David Langdon. “AD Classics: Viipuri Library / Alvar Aalto” 18 May 2015. ArchDaily. Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/630420/ ad-classics-viipuri-library-alvar-aalto/> ISSN 0719-8884 11. “Viipuri Library”. https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/viipuri-library. Accessed 15 Sep 2019

Project Preparation Brief

grain site photos circulation natural systems site boundaries context vicinity aerial photos

site site

A dedicated and highly technical Center for Applied Material Sciences (see Program) will play a critical role in supporting Duke Universityâ€™s emphasis on interdisciplinary research and development. The site for the project, located at the end of Science Drive between The University Physics Department, The Pratt School of Engineering, and the Levine Science Research Center (the largest single-site interdisciplinary research facility in the U.S.), has the potential to house a critical cell for the campus. In the essence of Alvar Aalto, a successful project on this site would not only be appropriate, it would be a physical catalyst for innovation and inspiration.

15 Site

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Project Preparation Brief 7

Greensboro

Durham Raleigh

Charlotte

30 mi

DUKE site

DO W DU NTO RH W AM N

Durham

1000 ft

Aerial Photos

Duke University

Duke University is located in Durham, North Carolina. The University’s campus is located primarily northwest of Durham’s downtown area. The site for the project is

300 ft

walking distance from Duke University’s well known attraction, Duke Chapel.

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Innovation Co-Lab

ILE

DU CA KE M MA PU IN S

FM AL

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18 Project Preparation Brief

Design Pod

Rubenstein Art Center

Nasher Museum of Art

Vicinity Main Campus, several other related programs are in the vicinity and include Duke Engineering Design Pod, Innovation Co-Lab, Rubenstein Art Center, Nasher Museum of Art and Duke Department of Arts. The spaces they offer or do not offer can influence and inform the new Center for Applied Material Sciences. 7

OM TW S ILE

DUKE EAST CAMPUS

Duke Dept of Arts

DO W DU NTO RH W AM N

1/2 mi

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Not far from the thriving center of Durham, Duke University occupies two different areas of the city, Duke East Campus (where the school originally began its operations) and Duke Main Campus. The site is located on Dukeâ€™s Main Campus. Building upon the siteâ€™s location as an interdisciplinary hub for the

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ILE

Duke Chapel Gothic Influence

FM AL

DUKE M EDIC CAMPU AL S ILE

DUKE GARDENS

Context proportional qualities may be considered. Because of Duke Garden’s presence on campus, the project should consider nearby green spaces and the ways in which they may be respected and even improved.. Duke Medical and downtown Durham are both significant attractors of visitors to the area and considering their proximity will be important for the project’s social visibility. 7

OM TW S ILE

ORIGINAL EAST CAMPUS

Gregorian Influence

DO W DU NTO RH W AM N

1/2 mi

aerial photos vicinity context site boundaries natural systems circulation site photos grain

Some important contextual and historic realms to consider and demonstrate an architectural sensibility to are Duke’s original East Campus with Gregorian architectural influence, Duke’s historic Main Campus and Chapel with Gothic influence, Duke’s highly respected medical campus, Duke Gardens, and downtown Durham. The historical architecture won’t be directly translated into the new project, but some of the organizational and

grain site photos circulation natural systems site boundaries context vicinity aerial photos

Project Preparation Brief

1 2

6 5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Levine Science Research Center Pratt School of Engineering Fitzpatrick Center Biological Sciences Building Department of Physics Triangle U Nuclear Laboratory Duke University Chapel Duke Divinity School Duke Clinic Duke Medicine Duke Childrenâ€™s Hospital

Context directly adjacent the site, especially the Levine Center, the Pratt School and the Department of Physics are all designed in a commercial post-modern style. They are closer in architectural expression to the medical buildings than the historic Gothic buildings. 7

8 Science & Technology Historic & Residential Duke Medical Buildings

300 ft

aerial photos vicinity context site boundaries natural systems circulation site photos grain

A closer look at some of the siteâ€™s contextual adjacencies reveal primarily three university building clusters. The site is located among Science and Technology buildings, but is in close proximity to the historic and primarily residential Quad as well as the southern side of the medical campus. The buildings

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24 Project Preparation Brief

~14 0f t

~22

350’ 360’

370’

Site Boundaries

Topography: The change in elevation from the southernmost edge of the site to the lowest point towards the site’s center is 26ft. 2 foot topo lines are provided with 10 foot references in site area. Zoning- UC University Campus: Development in the UC Districts shall be designed for a mix of integrated universityrelated, uses, linked by pedestrian ways, bikeways, and other transportation systems. Development in these districts shall also encourage reduced auto use, mitigate environmental impacts, conserve energy resources and achieve visual continuity in the siting and scale of buildings. 12 There are no known easements or setbacks. Building Heights: Typical buildings on West Campus should not exceed three to five stories. Floors expressed as roofs, attics or setback may exceed these limits by one story. Also tower elements with relatively small footprints may be one to two stories taller. Topographic “fall-off” from the average grade of a primary open space may allow an additional floor away from the primary open space. (See K4 or Davison). For buildings with footprints over 25,000 SF, effort should be made to reduce the visual impact of the large floors by breaking the mass into parts with various architecture elements, such as towers, bays and courtyard setbacks. Height three to five stories: can be assumed to be 40’ to 64’, care should be taken to match floor to floor heights in immediate proximity to traditional, original buildings to the extent feasible. 12 100 ft

12. “Project Management & Planning”. https://facilities.duke.edu/services/ project. Accessed 10 Oct 2019.

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26 Project Preparation Brief

Greenery

Runoff 100 ft

100 ft

Natural Systems

Runoff:

The diagram shows the general direction and path of surface runoff that then makes its way into a large storm-water pipe, leaving the site area to the west. The site is not in a floodplain, but has both permeable and impervious surfaces. These may be manipulated for the project. Hail: 1998-2017 70 reports

High Winds: 1998-2017 96 reports

Extreme Weather: This particular area of North Carolina is not particularly prone to extreme weather conditions, but the below graphics and information provide a number of isolated incidents. North Carolina usually has summers with temperatures reaching over 80 degrees F and winters with temperatures reaching below 20 degrees F. For this reason, it is important to design the project to be resilient throughout the year. 13 Sun Path: It is probable that the project’s building form will cast a shadow on the southern face of the Levine Center. This cast shadow will need to be carefully considered. The site’s largest faces are to the south and east. The intensity of the eastern sun will need to be addressed. The southern sun should be utilized for passive solar strategies. 13. “Weather Extremes.” http://climate.ncsu.edu/nc_extremes. Accessed 11 Oct 2019.

Hurricanes (15mi) 1999 35mph 1988 40mph 1976 23mph

Tornadoes: 1998-2017 4 reports 7

Sun Path

100 ft

aerial photos vicinity context site boundaries natural systems circulation site photos grain

Greenery: There are multiple types of vegetation across Duke’s campus. The green circles represent a mix of evergreen and deciduous trees. The orange figures represent small trees and shrub-like vegetation. The Levine Quad is represented in the darker green. Formal green space is usually organized between university buildings. The buildings typically front the green spaces with important facades. The portion of the site closest the quad will be greatly considered.

SC IEN CE

TO WE

Levine Science Research Center Quad Duke University Chapel

IEW

DR IV E

UI E

IVE

RO AD

1. 2.

A SE

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28 Project Preparation Brief

RO AD

Circulation

Getting to the Site: One can drive to the site, getting close via Erwin Rd to Towerview Rd to Science Dr, but public parking is limited. Parking: Public parking can be utilized in two separate lots on Science Dr or in a lot along S Lasalle Street acessed via Circuit Dr or Research Dr off Erwin Rd. There is a small lot along the southwestern edge of the site. It may be expanded to accomodate parking for the Maker Space or it may remain as it is. Parking spaces will not be compromised by the project. Parking will not be provided.

To Site Surrounding Circulation Private Parking Public Parking

300 ft

Paths: There are several pedestrian paths that have direct access to the site area. Important paths to the site come from the Levine Science Research Center Quad and from the forested area to the rear of Duke Chapel. The paths coming from the Chapel and down into the site experience a serious grade change. (see Site Boundaries) A well trafficked court exists adjacent to the siteâ€™s western boundary.

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30 Project Preparation Brief

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40 Project Preparation Brief

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42 Project Preparation Brief

Grain

1/2 mi

Density: The project will be among a number of large, institutional buildings and will even increase the immediate building density. It will be important to consider the modification and creation of the spaces in-between these buildings. There will be sectional interest in the project, due to its need to build up more than out.

aerial photos vicinity context site boundaries natural systems circulation site photos grain

Project Preparation Brief

summary

Science and Engineering Historic Architecture Relevant Circulation Nearby Parking Formal Green Space Natural Green Space

300 ft

Site Summary Diagram

summary

The most challenging and opportunistic aspect of this site is the change in grade. Responding directly to the adjacent Science and Engineering buildings is also important as the site greatly increases the clusterâ€™s total density and the project will need to respond sensitively. There is currently natural and formal green space that exists within the site and on its periphery. If the natural green space is eliminated from the sloping grade, it may be appropriate to provide adequate connections or gestures to both the surrounding natural and formal green spaces. There is primarily one way to the site area via car, therefore vehicular circulation may fall behind pedestrian circulation in overall importance. It would be necessary to consider existing user pathways to consider entry and exits from the site. Proximity to Duke Chapel could be incorporated into the circulation logic.

program proÂˇgram program type:

statement statement Project Preparation Brief statement statement statement statement statement statement statement statement statement statement statement statement general statement

Maker Studio Maker Studio Maker Studio The project on Duke Universityâ€™s campus will be a facility for the application and exhibition Maker Studio of the work of Material Sciences and Engineering. Maker Studio The program is appropriate for the site, as was Maker Studio documented in the previous section, because Maker Studio the building will be adjacent to the Pratt School of Engineering, a facility that currently houses Maker Studio material related studies. Duke University Maker Studio already has lab spaces for small scale material Maker Studio research and development. This project seeks to supplement these studies with a space to mock Maker Studio up material tests as they would be utilized or Maker Studio applied, either as products or systems, in the Maker Studio world. For example, Kevlar is a super strong Maker Studio synthetic fiber that was developed in a lab. Maker Studio Imagine a student at Duke had developed a Maker Studio Kevlar alternative. This student would take their small scale research in the lab setting to Maker Studio the new Center and craft/sew a bulletproof Maker Studio vest or a boat racing sail (both of which have Maker Studio utilized Kevlar). The Center will help bridge the gap between material research and direct Maker Studio material application. The project will incorporate Maker Studio programmatic elements that allow for the highest Maker Studio caliber of experimentation and application of groundbreaking research and technology Maker Studio alongside programmatic elements that create Maker Studio public interest and public space for the university Maker Studio and its visitors. Maker Studio Maker Studio Maker Studio Center for Applied Material Sciences Maker Studio Maker Studio Maker Studio

aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations aspirations project aspirations

Program

This project will enhance the inherently syncretic discipline of material science by incorporating spaces for the studies of biomaterials, computational material science, electronic/energy materials, metamaterials, and soft matter, each of which are currently areas of research at Duke University. The Center will showcase the power of each individual study and demonstrate the potential of their combined effort in solving real problems as they are utilized and applied in the world. The material and application solutions developed here will be on physical display to heighten the interest of faculty and students on Dukeâ€™s campus and for industries with great interest in emerging material studies.

considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations considerations major considerations

In order to be mindful of current university circulation paths and existing green spaces and to maintain consistency with Alvar Aaltoâ€™s thoughts on project integration and appropriate siting, it will be critical to address the severe change in grade as both an intuitive guide for the creation of public spaces and an opportunity to gain the interest of a passerby. An exhibition space, visually adjacent to the exterior, should be correctly sited and oriented to attract attention. A multi functional circulation space should be properly sited as a place to work or collaborate and should be accessible to both the greater university population, as well as the Material Studies students and faculty. A series of dedicated lab clusters (corresponding to each area of study) will house specific, studyrelated, analytical equipment and will have an adjacent joint lab that will serve as a starting point for larger scale material application projects. A large, shared Applications Shop will house less specific but versatile product creation tools and would be a major space utilized for mocking up material application tests and experiments. A certain amount of overall verticality seems appropriate and even unavoidable given the site constraints and university adjacencies.

spatial requirements

Project Preparation Brief University Multi-Use

sq ft

Lobby and Visitor Information

500

This area would be staffed .

1000 800

Circulation Collaboration Cafe Packaged food and drink for sale. 5-10 small tables.

1800 400 x2 600 x2 100 x4

Lecture/Reception Conference Classroom Study Nook Spread throughout most public/trafficked level.

500

Digital Library Computers and tablets with university and database access.

7000 Material Applications Multi-Use Applications Lab/Shop

4000

Applications Lab Support General Collaboration Lab Storage

300 1000 1200

3D printers, CNC routers, laser cutters, automated sewing machines, metal fabrication brakes and saws, wood fabrication sanders and saws

Distributed throughout building.

800 1000

Project Staging Exhibit Hall

8300 Material Concentrations 200 x3 400 200 x3 400 200 x3 400 200 x3 400 200 x3 400

Biomaterials Lab Cluster Biomaterials Joint Lab Computational Material Lab Cluster Computational Material Joint Lab Electronic/Energy Material Lab Cluster Electronic/Energy Material Joint Lab Metamaterials Lab Cluster Metamaterials Joint Lab Soft Matter Lab Cluster Soft Matter Joint Lab

5000 Administration & Services 200 300 150

Director Administrative Support Security Net Conditioned sq ft

550 20850 (20850*.35)= ~7300

Gross Conditioned sq ft

28150

Overhead (35%) Outdoor

1000 100 200

Roof Lounge Trash Loading Gross program

29450

Spatial Requirements

program precedents pro·gram prec·e·dents

Project Preparation Brief

ski Manufaktur Swarovski Manufaktur Swarovski Manufaktur Swarov SnĂ¸hetta Wattens, Austria 2019 10

Program Precedent Analyses

vski Manufaktur Swarovski Manufaktur Swarovski Manufaktur Swaro

SHOWRO

OP H S K R O W 13

Upper Showroom and Offices

Public Stair and Cafe

Manufacturing Workshop

Visual Connection

The Swarovski Marnufaktur facility is a “progressive crystal workshop” very specifically designed to “merge design, product development, and production” for the crystal manufacturer Tyrolean. The facility seeks to “align creative visionary processes with technical production requirements.” Equipment for the maker space ranges from sewing machines, for complimentary fabric collections, to computer automated crystal formers. 14 The workshop’s central, doubleheight space, along the southern facade, is populated by some stationary equipment but mainly its a space for several different design teams to work. The floor system allows for teams to set up new tools or machines based on their needs. The overall spatial continuity necessitates collaboration and encourages project transparency. In the proposed Center at Duke, the idea that some of the tools in the App Lab may be fixed and others able to move based on a team’s need would be desirable. The continuity of the App Lab space, similar to this precedent project, would further enhance the ideas of collaboration and academic transparency. A cafe and monumental stair seamlessly mediates the relationship between the ground floor workshop and the formal exhibition and conference spaces above. The second floor functions more like a mezzanine, as the spaces hold the northern edge of the building and overlook the work spaces below. A partial visual and aspirational connection is maintained between the formal and informal program elements. The mezzanine level is simultaneously more structured and roughly a fourth of the volumetric space of the facility. This mezzanine adjacency condition could be utilized as a means to simultaneously catalyze or facilitate interdisciplinary curiosity as well as deal with the significant change in elevation on the Duke site. 14. “Swarovski Manufaktur / Snøhetta” 30 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/910531/swarovski-manufaktur-snohetta/> ISSN 0719-8884

Project Preparation Brief

ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTla Patkau Architects + LM Architectural Group Winnipeg, Canada 2012 11

Program Precedent Analyses

ab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab ARTlab AR

STUDIOS OLD

NEW

SERVICE 14

Studio View to University

Anchoring Public Stair

Private South & East Facades

Visual Connection

ARTlab is an addition to the existing Tache Hall, a building for the Music and Arts program at Manitoba University. 15 There are physical connections between the old hall and the addition via pedestrian bridges. Although there is a clear and intentionally aesthetic difference between the historic hall and the ARTlab, the program of the addition is organized based on very specific site responses and issues of circulation. Because of the Duke site’s tight adjacency to other buildings of similar University interest, making physical connections, alongside intentional site responses, may be considered for the proposed Center. The north facade is the most transparent, featuring several regularized work/ studio spaces that overlook the active campus street The northern edge of the project is also the most permeable, with the studio volume lifted above street level allowing for circulation between the immediate buildings and urban spaces. This simultaneously creates a covered public space that can be utilized for events or exhibitions. A public, ground-level condition similar to this will be important to consider for the Center on Duke’s campus. In a similar fashion, the Duke site contains well-trafficked pedestrian paths currently and would need to anticipate any built disruption by considering new walkways within or integrated as a part of the building footprint. The east and south facades are much less transparent, for both an element of privacy from the adjacent business school and an element of passive solar shielding. Specifically along the south side, a more dense service and office core exists. The circulation shaft in between the northern studios and southern services takes on a very dynamic role. Being that the Duke site will require critical attention to the sites grade change, an active and organic vertical circulation element could work to mediate and link program elements. 15. “ARTlab / Patkau Architects + LM Architectural Group “ 25 May 2016. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/788139/artlab-patkau-architects-plus-lm-architectural-group/> ISSN 0719-8884

Project Preparation Brief

nd Engineering CoorsTek Applied Science and Engineering CoorsTek Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Golden, Colorado 2018 12

Program Precedent Analyses

k Applied Science and Engineering CoorsTek Applied Science and En

GREEN

CIRCULATION & COLLAB STUDY

CLASS

LABS

Material Science Labs

Active Circulation & Collaboration

Study Spaces & Classrooms

Visual Connection to Campus Green

The CoorsTek Center for Applied Science and Engineering on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines is, as described by the architect, an “education and research facility dedicated to connecting students, faculty, researchers, and industry professionals from around the world.” The building accommodates both the need for general classroom space for the college and the need for highly technical lab spaces for scientific research. The classrooms, study spaces, and the circulation collaboration space in this project will be comparable in size and location within the building as the proposed Center on Duke’s campus. The same can be said for the focused Lab Cluster spaces. The photo on the top left demonstrates this desired environment. The project discussed here is centrally located on the college campus and houses CoorsTek, a technical ceramics manufacturer and a range of related disciplines including the College of Applied Science and Engineering (CASE) and Department of Physics. The building also supports collaborative partnerships with several other departments, two of which being the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and the Materials Science Program. 16 The Center proposed for Duke’s campus will permanently house the intended university functions, but if a particular area of Material studies agrees to a sponsorship with a company outside the university, they may temporarily house an academic extension of this company. The ground floor plan fully captures the integrated nature of what is required of Material Science spaces and what is needed for a place of interest and attraction for a campus. This project will likely be a consistent reference moving forward with the project on Duke’s campus.

16. “CoorsTek Center for Applied Science and Engineering / Bohlin Cywinski Jackson” 23 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/909862/coorstek-center-bohlin-cywinski-jackson/> ISSN 0719-8884

Project Preparation Brief

spatial relationships spa路tial re路la路tion路ships 9

CE SERVI

SERVICE

APPLICATION

UNIVERSITY

S B A L . T A M

100 ft

Site Massing

site massing site massÂˇing Considering things such as views, circulation, places of gathering, and which portions of the project would work well buried or sectionally situated against the siteâ€™s hill, the spatial relationships diagram to the left demonstrates a simplification of initial adjacency and clustered program thoughts. Although the diagram illustrates chunks of program relatively separated, the project will thoughtfully overlap program uses, as is demonstrated more articulately in the massing diagrams on the right. All three of the massing diagrams are relatively anchored by the Applications Shop, an element of the program that lends itself well to be incorporated into the siteâ€™s slope. Then in each of the diagrams, parts of the program that are for the greater university tend to hold an edge along the main circulation corridor and face towards the enclosed public court/center. The Material Science lab clusters and collaboration spaces are typical elevated above these volumes or integrated in some way at the second level. This ensures an amount of privacy and focus for research and development.

01 9

02 9

Project Preparation Brief

code compliance code comÂˇpliÂˇance

Allowable Building Heights

Allowable Number of Stories

Code

Allowable Area 16

Fire Resistance Requirements 16

Project Preparation Brief

Fire Resistance Requirements cont. 16

Code

Occupancy Loads 16

Project Preparation Brief

Egress 16

Code

Plumbing Code 16

Project Preparation Brief

bibliography bib·li·og·ra·phy Text 1. Lecture at the Central Union of Architecture in Vienna summer 1955; published in ‘Der Bau’, 1955, 7-8, p. 174-176 2. “Rationalismen och manniskan.” Lecture at the annual meeting of the Swedish Society of Industrial Design, May 9, 1935 3. to Karl Fleig, ‘Die Beziehungen swischen Architektur, Malerei und Skulptur.’ Alvar Aalto, Synopsis. Biekhauser Verlag, 1970 4. Lecture held at Nordic Building Conference in Oslo, 1938; published in “ARK”, 1938, 9, p. 129-131 (in Finnish). 5. An Independence Monument in Helsinki- The Olympic Stadium ,Uusi Suomi, November 25, 1927 6. Lecture held at the Royal Institute of British Architects, published in ‘The R.I.B.A. Journal’, May 1957, p. 258 7. Published in ‘The Technology Review’, November 1940, p. 14-16 8. “Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership / Studio Gang” 15 Dec 2014. ArchDaily. Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/576630/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership-studio-gang/> ISSN 0719-8884 9. “’Els Colors’ Kindergarten / RCR Arquitectes” [Guarderia ‘Els Colors’ / RCR Arquitectes] 12 Dec 2016. ArchDaily. (Trans. Quintana, Lorena) Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/405106/els-colors-nursery-rcr-arquitectes/> ISSN 0719-8884 10. David Langdon. “AD Classics: Viipuri Library / Alvar Aalto” 18 May 2015. ArchDaily. Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/630420/ad-classics-viipuri-library-alvar-aalto/> ISSN 0719-8884 11. “Viipuri Library”. https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/viipuri-library. Accessed 15 Sep 2019 12. “Project Management & Planning”. https://facilities.duke.edu/services/project. Accessed 10 Oct 2019. 13. “Weather Extremes.” http://climate.ncsu.edu/nc_extremes. Accessed 11 Oct 2019. 14. “Swarovski Manufaktur / Snøhetta” 30 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/910531/swarovs ki-manufaktur-snohetta/> ISSN 0719-8884 15. “ARTlab / Patkau Architects + LM Architectural Group “ 25 May 2016. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/788139/artlab-patkau-architects-plus-lm-architectural-group/> ISSN 0719-8884 16. “CoorsTek Center for Applied Science and Engineering / Bohlin Cywinski Jackson” 23 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/909862/coorstek-center-bohlin-cywinski-jackson/> ISSN 0719-8884

Bibliography

Images 1. “Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership / Studio Gang” 15 Dec 2014. ArchDaily. Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/576630/arcus-center-for-social-justice-leadership-studio-gang/> ISSN 0719-8884 2. “Manlleu: ‘Els Colors’ Nursery (Spain).” https://stephenvaradyarchitraveller.com/2018/05/14/manlleu-els-colors-nursery-spain. Ac cessed 15 Sep 2019. 3. David Langdon. “AD Classics: Viipuri Library / Alvar Aalto” 18 May 2015. ArchDaily. Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/630420/ad-classics-viipuri-library-alvar-aalto/> ISSN 0719-8884 4. Overlay diagram by author. “Google Maps.” https://www.google.com/maps/@42.2900561,-85.6055535,827m/data=!3m1!1e3. Accessed 19 Nov 2019. 5. Overlay diagram by author. “’Els Colors’ Kindergarten / RCR Arquitectes” [Guarderia ‘Els Colors’ / RCR Arquitectes] 12 Dec 2016. ArchDaily. (Trans. Quintana, Lorena) Accessed 15 Sep 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/405106/els-colors-nursery-rcr-arquitectes/> ISSN 0719-8884 6. “Step Inside Finnish Architect Alvar Aalto’s Vyborg Library.” 30 Sep 2014. Architectural Digest. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/ gallery/alvar-aalto-vyborg-library-slideshow. Accessed 19 Nov 2019. 7. Overlay diagrams by author and ARC 581 Fall 2019 Seminar. “Durham County Go-Maps 4.0.” http://maps2.roktech.net/durhamnc_gomaps4. Accessed 18 Oct 2019. 8. Photos by ARC 581 Fall 2019 Seminar 9. Overlay diagram by author. “Durham County Go-Maps 4.0.” http://maps2.roktech.net/durhamnc_gomaps4. Accessed 18 Oct 2019. 10. “Swarovski Manufaktur / Snøhetta” 30 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/910531/swarovs ki-manufaktur-snohetta/> ISSN 0719-8884 11. “ARTlab / Patkau Architects + LM Architectural Group “ 25 May 2016. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/788139/artlab-patkau-architects-plus-lm-architectural-group/> ISSN 0719-8884 12. “CoorsTek Center for Applied Science and Engineering / Bohlin Cywinski Jackson” 23 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/909862/coorstek-center-bohlin-cywinski-jackson/> ISSN 0719-8884 13. Overlay diagrams by author. “Swarovski Manufaktur / Snøhetta” 30 Jan 2019. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/910531/swarovs ki-manufaktur-snohetta/> ISSN 0719-8884 14. Overlay diagrams by author. “ARTlab / Patkau Architects + LM Architectural Group “ 25 May 2016. ArchDaily. Accessed 5 Nov 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/788139/artlab-patkau-architects-plus-lm-architectural-group/> ISSN 0719-8884 15. Overlay diagrams by author. “Projects - Colorado School of Mines, CoorsTek Center for Applied Science and Engineering.” Bohlin Cywinski Jackson. https:// www.bcj.com/projects/coorstek-center-for-applied-science-and-engineering. Accessed 29 Nov 2019. 16. International Building and Plumbing Code - North Carolina 2018. https://up.codes/viewer/north_carolina/ibc-2015 Accessed 19 Nov 2019.

Project Preparation Brief

SCIENCES SCIENCES SCIENCES MATERIAL APPLIED APPLIED APPLIED APPLIED