Fever is one of the body’s most common defense mechanisms—an internal signal that something isn’t quite right. While it can feel alarming, understanding what drives a rise in temperature helps you respond calmly and correctly.
Fever typically occurs when the immune system responds to an infection. The most common fever causes include viral illnesses (like flu or colds), bacterial infections (such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia), and inflammatory conditions. Less commonly, fever may result from heat exhaustion, certain medications, vaccinations, or chronic diseases like autoimmune disorders. The brain’s hypothalamus raises the body’s temperature set point to help fight off harmful pathogens.
Normal body temperature averages around 37°C (98.6°F), but it can vary slightly depending on age, time of day, and individual differences.
Low-grade fever: 37.5°C to 38°C (99.5°F–100.4°F)
Moderate fever: 38°C to 39°C (100.4°F–102.2°F)
High fever: Above 39°C (102.2°F)
Low-grade fevers are often mild and may resolve without treatment, especially in viral infections.
Common fever symptoms include chills, sweating, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. In children, irritability and reduced activity are often noticeable signs.Treatment focuses on comfort and addressing the underlying cause.Staying hydrated, resting, and using medications like paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen can help reduce discomfort.
Antibiotics are only effective for bacterial infections and should not be used unnecessarily. Monitoring is key—especially in vulnerable individuals like infants, elderly adults, or those with weakened immunity.
Seek medical attention if:
Fever exceeds 39.5°C (103°F)
It persists longer than 3 days in adults
There are symptoms like confusion, difficulty breathing, chest pain, seizures, or severe dehydration
Infants under 3 months have a temperature above 38°C (100.4°F)
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