The Dexter Cattle Journal - Winter 2019

WINTER 2019

FOR DEXTER ENTHUSIASTS EVERYWHERE

INSIDE THIS ISSUE…

Denver Highlights PAGE 7 Testing for Tenderness PAGE 16

Genetic Archiving PAGE 21

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Associatio ttle n a C

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER Preserving and promoting the Dexter breed 2019

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CONTENT WINTER 2019

PUBLISHED BY

Purebred Dexter Cattle Association of North America 500 Westover Dr. Suite 13489 Sanford, NC 27330 (844) 732-2669 • PDCANOW@gmail.com www.DEXTERSTODAY.com THE DEXTER CATTLE JOURNAL

Editor

Laura Christofk goPDCA@gmail.com

Graphic Design

Dawn Lewandowski partnrz@mac.com

Photography

Laura Christofk Maisey Pollard Photography Ontonagon, MI

EDITORIAL SUBMISSIONS

We are always looking for interesting articles, inspirational stories and photos.

Submit to: goPDCA@gmail.com

4 PDCA Update 8 Denver 2019 Highlights 14 Herd Health Horns 16 Meet

Jim Countryman 18 Tenderness 21 Genetic Archiving 22 Small is the

New Big 24 Regional Groups 25 Florida State Fair Highlights 26 Heritage Breed Week

ADVERTISING DEADLINE

Spring issue April 20, 2019 Submit to: goPDCA@gmail.com COMMENTS WELCOME!

Comments, suggestions, letters to the editor Submit to: goPDCA@gmail.com SUBSCRIPTIONS

The Dexter Cattle Journal is a quarterly publication for the membership of Purebred Dexter Cattle Association of North America as a benefit of membership.

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ON THE COVER Dallas, owned by Earl & Bridgette Falwell, Grass Valley, CA ON THE BACK Laura Christofk out with her herd Robin Pittack and Phrisky Farms Linda at the NWSS in Denver THE DEXTER CATTLE

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PDCA TEAM MEMBERS President Laura Christofk - Grass Valley, CA (530) 269-3699 laurachristofk@gmail.com

Vice President Donna Semas - Elkton, OR Singing Springs Farm (541) 584-2550 singingsprings@rconnects.com

Secretary Larry Harrgard - Edwards, MS (844) 732-2669 xt 2 PDCANOW@gmail.com

Treasurer Jeff Reusser - Medina, OH Oak Valley Farms (740) 213-1894 jeffreusser@gmail.com

Registrar Deborah Botruff- Holly Springs, MS Aspen Hill Dexters (844) 732-2669 xt 1 PDCA.registrar@dexterstoday.com

Administrative Assistant Angie Webb, Antioch, CA

Regional Directors n Region 1 AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK, TX Rose Marie Belforti - Fredricksburg, TX Fingerlakes Dexter Creamery (315)364-3581 himmelhaus92@gmail.com

n Region 2 AZ, CA, HI, NV, UT, Mexico Bob Curlee – Grass Valley, CA Crest Point Farms (650) 776-8840 bob@advantagebiz.com

n Region 3

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Preserving and promoting the Dexter breed

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IL, IA, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI Michael Mendenhall - Hartford, IA Mendenhall Farm (515) 989-4375 mendenhallfarm@gmail.com

n Region 5 CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT Dawn Meier - Albion, NY Nature’s Way Farm (585) 281-1696 grizzlybear429@gmail.com

n Region 6 DE, IN, KY, MD, MI, OH, VA, WV Stan Cass - Fredericktown, OH Praise Him Farm (740) 694-1232 cass@ecr.net

n Region 7 AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY SEEKING REPRESENTATIVE

n Canada SEEKING REPRESENTATIVE

n Region 4 AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN Melissa Sterling - Wartrace, TN Hidden Hollow Farm hiddenhollowtn@gmail.com

Facebook.com/PDCANOW Facebook.com/PDCARegion1 (1-7) Facebook.com/PDCACanada

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PDCA UPDATE NEW

Address

PDCA has a new mailing address 500 Westover Dr. Suite 13489 Sanford, NC 27330 NEW

Certificates

Check it out at www.dexterstoday.com/ certificate. PDCA registration certificates have a new look and much more information on them.

NEW

You Print-You Save $5

Several months ago PDCA began offering the quicker option to have your registration certificate sent via an email as a PDF file vs print and mailing. This saved PDCA money, but there was no cost saving to you… until now.

ANNOUNCING $5 off Registration fee when you opt for a PDF ONLY (self-print)certificate This $5 discount will also be noticed in the reduced “Registration+Transfer” fee. Historically this has always been $40, but now will be $35 to reflect the $5 savings on the registration portion of this type of transaction.

NEW

Regional Directors

PDCA is excited to introduce our newest Regional Directors, Rose Marie Belforti and Melissa Sterling.

Melissa came to us by way of the Dexter Cattle Club of Tennessee. Her reputation as a “go-getter” for their club made her an easy pick for the job. In addition to serving on the Board, Me-

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lissa is spearheading a project to increase PDCA awareness and easier access at the regional level via social media.

Rose brings her long history with Dexters and she had even served on the PDCA board in a by-gone era. To say that she brings wisdom and perspective to the decision-making process would be an understatement. She has never waned in her love of Dexters and she is excited at the prospect of developing a core of like-minded breeders in her region to promote the breed, and support fellow breeders.

Learn more about Melissa and Rose on page 6.

NEW

Administrative Assistant

PDCA has contracted with Angie Webb of Antioch, CA to assist the Secretary(s) with the day-to-day admin responsibilities and provide fact checking, cross checking and double checking as needed by the Registrar.

NEW

NEW

Bylaws

It has taken over 18 months, but finally all current PDCA members are invited to review and Vote on revising the official PDCA Bylaws and Rules & Regulations now posted on the PDCA website.

So what took so long? We wanted to make some BIG changes!

The intent of the revisions was to simplify the wording, replace punitive wording, remove obsolete or redundant parts, prevent concentration of power, mandate transparency to members, give the membership ultimate power in policy decision making, create a mechanism to make an official complaint and respond to a complaint, and protect the accuracy of the registry. Whew!

There are three new and very important ideas being presented: • Membership Action & Review (MAR) • Best Breeder Practices Statement • Implementation of a Genetics Committee

Regional Facebook Pages

Membership Action and Review

Be on the lookout all you social media fans! PDCA is launching new regional Facebook pages. These will be moderated by our Regional Directors to give members easy access to current events, regional opportunities, educational information and “other great stuff” important to PDCA and for our wonderful Dexters. Not sure what region you are in – go to page 3

Statistically most readers will not even read this far into this subject. And statistically when it comes to taking the time to vote, unless there is some very pressing reason, 45% will not take the time to vote. Keeping time, convenience and simplicity in mind this proposed MAR offers a “one-and-done” approach to getting all “member participation needed” type business accomTHE DEXTER CATTLE

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plished at one time -annually. Nominating, voting, surveys, etc., we have tried to make it quick and easy for members (who want to) to take part in the decision making process.

Best Breeder Practices Statement The accuracy of our registry is paramount. PDCA chooses to allow integrity to be the basis for registration, which may appear that we are lax on accuracy. But do not confuse trust with tolerance.

In five short, but direct, sentences the best breeder Practices Statement defines your responsibility as a breeder and our responsibility as the policing entity of the registry, authorizing PDCA to dig a little deeper when statements appear to be in conflict with the facts and take corrective actions when statements submitted are proven to be inaccurate, or knowingly false.

Like a Terms and Conditions agreement, agreeing to this statement will be mandatory when registering an animal.

Genetics Committee So who will be conducting an investigation if a conflict is encountered on a registration application?

And who would be determining the outcome?

We work hard to inform, educate and inspire you with our Dexter Cattle Journal to keep you current and connected at www.DEXTERSTODAY.com To help buyers find YOU on our online Locate a Breeder map to make registering and transferring your Dexters easy and affordable to offer excellent services and resources to you and future Dexter owners too

We WORK FOR YOU!

You – the members - a group of three knowledgeable, experienced but impartial PDCA members.

To ensure impartiality, current PDCA Board members are intentionally excluded from serving on this committee. And to avoid an appointed Registrar from making over-reaching or subjective judgment calls when confronted with anomalies or conflicts on a registration application, the matter is given to the Genetics Committee for a determination.

Check it out!

If you do not have a way to view these via the website, please contact us for a printed and mailed copy and voting www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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Fear not- the documents are short and to the point. It would take only a minute or two to read thru them.

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Current members are encouraged to review the proposed revised Bylaws and Rules & Regulations now posted on the PDCA website, and cast your vote and cast your vote at www.dexterstoday.com/new-bylaws. Voting will close June 31, 2019 and if approved, be implemented on July 1, 2019.

Together we can promote our small cattle in a BIG way.

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NEW REGIONAL DIRECTORS REGION 1

Rose Marie Belforti FINGERLAKES DEXTER CREAMERY FREDERICKSBURG, TX

My first Dexter cow was a sweetie we named Shellelehee. She was the beginning of a long love affair, as Beryl Rutherford would say, for Dexter cattle.

I milked my first Dexter in 2004 and never looked back. By 2005 we had two more Dexters and were designing a micro-dairy to make cheese from our wonderful Dexter milk.

We built, owned and operated Fingerlakes Dexter Creamery LLC from 20072017 in the Finger Lakes region of NY. Those were great years and we made lots of artisan cheese and sold many of our dual purpose Dexters that were great for milk and meat production.

Feeling the bite of cold NY winters working in the barn each day, we made a plan to retire and move to Texas.

So here we are in Fredericksburg, TX. We brought some of our best cows, calves and bulls with us. It’s been a challenge getting used to a completely different climate and cattle keeping habits, but we have a full year under our belts

REGION 4

Melissa Sterling HIDDEN HOLLOW FARM, WARTRACE, TN 6

We purchased our first Dexters in May of 2016 after catching the bug for them a few years prior and visiting a couple of farms learning all we could about them.

We started with 2 cows, a mother and daughter pair, one cow was pregnant and the other had just calved. We were in heaven with our first 3 to start our journey. When we first started we weren’t sure if we would have black, red or duns or a mixture of all 3 but we soon fell in love with the dun color and decided we would have an all dun herd.

About 6 months after getting our cows we decided that having a bull was in our

now and getting the hang of it.

My husband Tim and I can learn a lot from our Dexter-owning neighbors so give us a hollar as we would love to chat all things Dexter.

I was previously a Regional Director for the PDCA for Region 5 up in the north east from 2004 to 2010. Those years were formative for the PDCA and we had our challenges.

Seeing the new positive energy in our PDCA team, I’m glad to come back and work with these great and committed folks. I look forward to helping Dexter breeders in my area and promote our great cattle!

So text or email me! Let’s make new friendships! I can benefit from your advice on how to keep my cattle happy and healthy here in Texas, and we can make plans to grow the PDCA in our area. Look forward to talking with y’all!

Email: himmelhaus92@gmail.com Text: 315-406-2894

plan instead of artificial insemination and purchased a dun bull. Throughout the past few years we have grown our herd to as many as 16 and now have 13. We have decided to reduce our numbers by just a few since we are on small acreage and we want to be sure our herd has access to as much good pasture as possible. We love our Dexters and they bring us a lot of joy! We raise ours primarily for beef but maybe there will come a day when we will venture into milking as well when life gets a little slower :)

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NWSS BLOG POST 1/12/2019

Bringing the Breed to Light This year, the Purebred Dexter Cattle Association made their first appearance at the National Western Stock Show. Breed association members were proud to show-off their cattle for those who have not been exposed to the breed.

“They may be small in frame,” said Purebred Dexter Cattle Association President, Laura Christofk, “ But Dexter cattle hold immense value beyond their scale.”

Irish Dexters or “Mini-Cattle”, as some call them, originated in southern Ireland. Though they’re bred all around the country and world, many are not aware of the breed nor their many advantages.

Craig Turpin and LP Ross

“There are so many advantages to this breed that people don’t know exist,” Christofk said. “We’re trying to get them out there for the world to see.”

Dexter cattle are known for being small in size, which is viewed as an advantage by breeders and even restaurants looking for easier processing options to sell custom cuts in their establishments. Members also say that Dexter meat products also have great flavor.

From their hardiness, moderation and their ability to produce a great tasting product, they serve many purposes.

Richard Wilson and Phrisky Farm New Level www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

They may not be your traditional breed, but Purebred Dexter Cattle Association members are beyond proud of the product they raise. Christofk said, “This breed is about joy.”

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Denver 2019

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he kick-off parade was an unexpected delight. In addition to the iconic “March of the Longhorns� between the towering downtown highrises of Denver, pert near every horse, cowboy and carriage in Colorado was in it. But although there were a lot of big cattle and even bigger horses, the biggest crowd pleaser was a little buckaroo on a little pony.

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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Craig Turpin and Li’l Bitty Sand

O The Yards

ne might describe The Yards as run down and in drastic need of maintenance, but this is exactly what makes The Yards a bit magical. This is hallowed ground - the real deal.

Authentic and original down to the lumber, nails and hand forged gate latches.

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www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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2019 National Western Stock Show Champions Grand Champion Bull Phrisky Farms New Level

Grand Champion Female Phrisky Farms Bailey

Owned by Robin Pittack Phrisky Farms, Shelton, WA

Owned by Linda Rutledge Prairiewood Farms, Shelton, WA

Reserve Grand Champion Bull BW Mailman

Reserve Grand Champion Female Phrisky Farms Linda

Owned by Weston Berry BW Dexters, Lehi, UT

Laura Christofk, PDCA president It might sound prosaic, but “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed, citizens can change the world.

Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”

— Margaret Mead At the bottom of my emails I include a little “self-reminder” that reads: 1. Trust yourself 2. Break some rules 3. Don’t be afraid to fail 4. Ignore the naysayers 5. Work like hell 6. Give something back In Denver I had the privilege to meet others that follow these same ethics.

The Dexter show in Denver was about much more than winning blue ribbons…

It was about seeing a need and helping.

It was about seeing an opportunity and going for it.

It was about breaking trail so others may follow more easily.

But refreshingly and most importantly, it was about Dexters.

To say that the Dexter show in Denver was a success would be an understatement.

Although our numbers were few, most every aspect of the Dexter breed was there. Red and black , horned and polled, experienced and novice, PDCA and ADCA and even Legacy was represented too. And in addition to those that exhibited there in Denver, Dexter breeders from all across the US stepped up and participated as well by financially supporting the cause.

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Owned by Robin Pittack Phrisky Farms, Shelton, WA

Hyatt’s TinkerBelle owned and showed by Stefani Millman, Emerald Park Farm

Weston Berry - BW Dexters Lehi, UT What an incredible experience the NWSS was for us and our Dexter’s. Being there amongst some of the greatest cattle in the country was truly an honor. See you next year!

Vicki Jones - Moosters Meadows, Lusk WY 2019 started with a new adventure for us, in particular, and the Dexter world, in general, as we attended the first ever Dexter Cattle Show at the National Western Stock Show (NWSS) – also known as the Denver Stock Show. Yes! There were Dexters in Denver this year. Three Moosters heifers made the trek to Colorado to join the crew from Wiley FFA. This group of young folks did a phenomenal job of getting these heifers ready for a winter show in just a month. We hope to get to do this with them again next year. It was a fun adventure for us all. Thank you to FFA Advisor Samantha Reese, Facilities provider Tom Torres, and to everyone who worked so hard to make this show happen this year.

Craig Turpin, Little Bitty Farm Albuquerque, NM NWSS was a great opportunity to expose folks to our breed , and it was extremely well-received. This was a great event for Dexters and those of us that got to participate.

Samantha Reese - Wiley FFA advisor Thank you, I am so happy with our experience and grateful to be a part of the first Dexter show at the National Western Stockshow.

Being around all of the owners and the association was a wonderful experience; everyone was very helpful, knowledgeable, and we plan to be back next year.

Comments from the kids have been that, “Miss them very much” “I missed to seeing them every day, they gave me a reason to do something after school” “We are doing this again, right Ms. Reese?!”

“Can I borrow $5000? I need to start my Dexter Herd.”

Linda Rutledge, Prairiewood Farms, Shelton WA I had a great time, thank you to everyone for the wonderful help and am absolutely looking forward to next year

Robin Pittack, Phrisky Farms, Shelton, WA “This experience was so much better than I expected, the show, the people at Denver running the NWSS, my room mates, the cattle, the public coming through our area, the other exhibitors...if 2020 is half as much fun and exciting as 2019 was it’s going to be awesome!”

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THANK YOU DENVER SPONSORS Behind every Champion is the team that got them there GOLD LEVEL Warren & Sally Coad Freedom Farm Dexters Philadelphia, TN ​ eborah Botruff D Aspen Hill Farms Holly Springs, MS Jack & Carol Farrell JAC Dexters Coldwater, MS Bob & Carrie Curlee Crest Point Farm Grass Valley, CA Matt & Carmine Rebel Dexters Elizabeth, CO Wes & Jane Patton Glenn Land Farms Orland, CA RED LEVEL ​ ames Countryman and J Agnes Sparpanic Tolfree Farms Ontonagon, MI ​ hris & Vicki Jones C Mooster Meadows Lusk, WY ​ oseph & Maria Legler J J & M Mini Cow Farm Petersburg, TN Ryan & Kerrie Parker Shining Cross Livestock El Dorado, KS​ Laaci Lauderback Rusty Ranch Castle Rock, WA BLUE LEVEL ​ ike & Melissa Sterling M Hidden Hollow Farm Wartrace, TN ​ avid & Deborah Hale D Iron Mountain Dexters Cheyenne, WY

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

Kelli Butler & Chris Tabler KC Heritage Farm Sperry, OK ​ GREEN LEVEL ​Jimmie Bauer Moon Over The Mojave Lucerne Valley, CA ​ reg & Pam Baker G Maple Creek Dexters Annapolis, IL ​ aniel and Jill Gurley D Spotted Bottom Ranch Madisonville, TN Erin Ashton Barefoot Custom Signs Roy, WA AT THE EVENT Robin Pittack & Richard Wilson Phrisky Farm Shelton, WA Weston Berry BW Dexters Lehi, UT Craig Turpin Little Bitty Farm Albuquerque, NM Linda Rutledge Prairiewood Farms Shelton Wa Stephanie Millman Emerald Park Farm Auburn, WA Laaci Louderback Rusty Ranch Castle Rock, WA Nick & Cindy Goddard Kiowa, CO Samantha Reese Tom Torres Wiley, CO FFA Don Swisher Little Hoof Ranch Douglas, WY

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HERD HEALTH

Horns

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ack in November 2018, an eight year campaigning for farmers to be paid to keep the horns of their cattle intact, subsidizing costs associated with keeping the horns was finally settled by a very close 49%-46% vote by the Swiss people.

“I only wanted to give the cows and goats a voice … If the cows could choose, they’d have horns.”

Armin Capaul proclaimed at the launch of his referendum campaign Contrary to Swiss tourist board images of horned cows roaming idyllic mountain pastures, up to two thirds of cows in Switzerland are hornless. While most dairy cow breeds are born with horns, common practice is to remove them at a few weeks old using a heated iron.

Capaul argues that it’s cruel to deprive the animals of their horns stating, “The horn is a heavily perfused, life-long growing organ. It is linked to the digestive system, important for body care, and serves to communicate among other cows. Cows and goats wear their

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horns with pride and mindfulness. They clarify, for example, the hierarchy at a distance, by showing each other their horns.”

Both the Swiss parliament and the federal council opposed the initiative, which could have cost the state an estimated 10m-30mSwiss francs (£8m-£24m) in subsidies arguing that hornless animals do not suffer and are easier and cheaper to keep as they don’t have to be tethered in individual pens to avoid accidents.

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H O R N FA C T S

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he horn is a condensed protrusion of the skin. The bone grows into it forming a bony core that is penetrated by blood cells, furnished with nerves and containing internal air spaces that develop and connect with the sinus cavities. The horns continue to grow throughout life.

When the nascent horn of a several weeks old calf is about one centimeter high, it can be held between two fingers and moved back and forth a little on the skull bone. It is a structure connected with the skin and not the skull. Later on, the bones of the forehead grow out into these small horny sheaths from beneath. The bony core of the horns is at first cartilaginous in nature and only later becomes solid bone fixed to the skull.

From about 12 months of age the paranasal sinus cavities begin to develop in the skull of the calf. They are connected directly or indirectly with the nasal cavity and are covered with the same mucous membrane. The sense of smell however is only located in the rear and upper part of the nasal cavity. The older the animal becomes, the further do the sinuses reach into the bony cores of the horn making them ever more hollow. In the fully grown cow the sinus cavities fill the entire space in various compartments between the roof of the skull and the brain capsule. The hollow horn bone is the only bone that continues growing throughout the cow’s life and of course the horn grows with it

Breeding hornless Consider

Did you know?

To avoid the intervention needed to prevent the growth of horns on individual animals, more and more effort is being made to breed genetically hornless animals. By this means the animals are spared a great deal of stress and pain as well as saving both time and money.

A Canadian study revealed that a hornless bull has a 25% chance of developing a spiral deviation of the penis known as “corkscrew penis” preventing successful live cover breeding.

But breeding for hornlessness is an intervention on a higher level since not only the individual animal but the entire breed is affected. Once a breed has become hornless which is not hard to achieve since hornlessness is a dominant trait, it can no longer be reversed in that breed.(Source: http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/ beef/breeding/bulls-for-breeding) www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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piral deviation of the penis or ‘corkscrew penis’ is the condition where the end of the penis twists into a spiral, or corkscrew shape as the bull attempts to serve. The condition develops with age and has a higher reported incidence in poll breeds. It is rarely observed in bulls at two years old, but once a bull’s penis starts to spiral, the condition occurs more frequently until eventually it happens at every service, and of course service is virtually impossible.

(Source: http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/beef/breeding/bulls-for-breeding)

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Testing for Tenderness Jim Countryman Tollfree Farms • Ontonagon, MI

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y life partner Agnes Sparpanic and I own and operate Tolfree Farms where we raise purebred Dexter cattle and for a time, had heritage pigs.

We discovered Dexters on our dream trip to Australia--New Zealand in the winter of 2006. On one of the farm tours, they had a mixture of animals in a large pen. A smallish, compact bundle of muscle caught my eye--a Dexter!

We researched the breed after returning home and decided to give them a try. Our niche would be natural, primarily grass fed beef. To us that means no antibiotics, or growth hormones and limited grain supplements.

Our starter herd, a cow with calf at her side was purchased from John Potter of Galien, MI. What a fortuitous event, he became a great friend, invaluable resource on

all matters Dexter, and has furnished all our bulls since.

All Dexter owners and enthusiasts bragged about Dexter beef--we agreed on flavor but found that much of it was pretty darn chewy to put it mildly. It didn’t take long to realize that they also took 24-26 months for market. We just this year found a processor that will age 2 weeks which will help.

I happened to tune in RFD-TV to NCBA’s Cattleman to Cattleman show and the topic was genetics particularly Igenity Testing. We have been using them since 2006 for a variety of test including tenderness and docility.

It took a while to really concentrate on tenderness which is controlled by three genes and it is very heritable.

But first, we had to eliminate PHA and

Chondro; horns, temperament and finally get a bull who tested 9/10 for tenderness and who had all the other desirable qualities. Currently the minimum score is 6/10 for our cows with two 9/10. We also have two 9/10 bulls. Our goal is all 9’s and 10’s.

With a program such as this, one has to watch all other characteristics as well. It has not affected animal health or phenotypes. Customers have noted improving tenderness as we have.

We also have a much calmer herd. So it works! We are fall calvers and the bull gets 2 months from Nov 15 to Jan 15. Cows typically have a healthy calf unassisted every 12 months.

We have an operating theme: Nutrition, Nutrition, Nutrition! Cows have grass/hay before them at all times.

Hay is a minimum of 7% protein

My personal reference for a full range of tests including carcass traits, parentage, horns, color, PHA, Chondro, etc.: https://genomics.neogen.com/en/igenity-beef

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G which is supplemented with less than 2 pounds of 12% sweet feed daily and Purina mineral tubs with IGR (insect growth retardant). Fresh water is also available on demand for them. Ear tags and IGR really help control the flies.

I will bring this to a close with a “cow story” and will add a couple references at the end.

We were working a calf when a protective mama got through the gate and was trying to butt Agnes away from the calf. I got her turned around and headed back into the pasture--she went but

ood afternoon from Tolfree Farms where the first smattering of snow is glistening in rare sunlight!

on the way out, she kicked the gate!

For anyone who is skeptical of the accuracy of the genetic testing and the heritability of tenderness, I would bet they have not kept up with what’s going on in the area of genetics. In fact, I am able to write to you now because of “the genetic stuff.”

A year and a half ago I was at death’s door literally with non small cell lung cancer. We sold our entire herd except five heifers and a bull assuming it was just about “over.”

The third oncologist discovered that my cancer has a rare ( in white men) genetic mutation which lends itself to treatment with a gene altering drug Tarceva.

In three days, I was doing chores and have been cancer free for over six months. I feel well and just developed a strategic plan for Tolfree Farms covering the next six years!

Genetic mapping and breeding is no longer science fiction!

You can alter the positive traits in your breeding genetics by screwing up diet and handling techniques, but the capacity or potential is still there..and the science has just barely scratched the surface of the possibilities.

— Jim Countryman

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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DNA TESTING

Tenderness

by Laura Christofk

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enderness is influenced by many contributing factors, including a significant genetic component. Because tenderness cannot be measured in live cattle, it is difficult to select breeding stock with optimal tenderness, or to cull those with poor tenderness.

Progeny testing for tenderness is difficult, costly and slow. But the evolving DNA testing can be a tool breeders use to improve the genetic profile for tenderness in their herds.

It seemed appropriate to offer a bit of elaboration to the topic of genetic testing in cattle to accompany Jim Countryman’s story. But unexpectedly and interestingly, I learned that the foundation for the acceptance and purposeful application of genetic s as a predictive tool in breeding selection (aka EPD) was prompted by… wait for it… a dwarfing gene. Similar to the Dexter breed, the Angus breed had its own challenges with a syndrome called snorter dwarfism. And just like Dexters breeders, purebred Angus breeders were getting more and more deformed offspring. But an inquisitive fourteen year old boy (now 80 YO man) named Dave Nichols, was not content to just “kill the evidence” he wanted to understand why. His hunt for this single answer is what prompted his lifetime of trailblazing the science and implementation of using genetics as a tool for breeding selection.

Interesting was Dave’s underlying motivation – economics. Simply put, he knew how to select and breed for championship quality phenotype, but with scientific proof that his herd sires were genetically guaranteed to not throw a snorter dwarf offspring… it is easy to

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understand how that “added-value” has made Nichols Farms the largest seed stock producer in the US today.

Dave Nichols has been the trailblazer aggregating producers, packers and science into one formidable economic dynamic that we simply call “the beef industry.” The financial magnitude of exploiting even one genetic trait or variable, let alone the cadre of traits that are now more identifiable, when multiplied over the entire US commercial herd is staggering. If one was to argue that genetic research is too expensive or genetic testing to costly, Dave’s argument would be that it costs more to NOT test, and the success of Nichols Farms has proven this.

I spoke with Dave personally. He walked me thru the history of why the genetics quest for identifying tenderness began and the multiple strategies implemented to determine “proof.” It is a complicated and fascinating story beginning with the implementation of Instrument grading of carcasses vs. human grading to remove the margins of subjective differences thus providing consistency over all. Carcasses are graded on ribeye, marbling and back fat. Then as simply as can be explained, tens of

thousands genetic profiles were correlated to carcass grading to identify the markers that were directly involved with those three traits. But this did nothing for identifying genes relating to tenderness.

To determine tenderness, two other bits of information were correlated to the genome: Shear force and ultrasound measurements. Shear force testing was accomplished by using a special diagnostic cutting instrument on a specific cut from slaughtered animals. Ultrasounds were gathered from muscle core samples from live animals at 28 day intervals from day 205 to 365 to see the genetic changes in the fibers (tenderness). By identifying which genes were being affected as the fibers changed, this essentially pointed to which genes were in play.

Then after all datasets were correlated with each animal’s individual genotype, the “tender genes” were identified.

This is beyond an over simplification as many genes and traits are in play simultaneously to affect tenderness, but bottom line, “tenderness” it is scientifically proven to be a highly heritable trait.

What offers more confidence to a skeptic like me, is the fact that the entire painstaking endeavor culminating in this new-found knowledge was initiated and funded by the cattle industry, not some random genetics laboratory looking to create a product to sell, and remarkably the discoveries were given, yes given, to the research community at large, making the science available to everyone and the discoveries along THE DEXTER CATTLE

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the way have furthered genetic research in many field beyond cattle.

Although the goal of the research was not to prove that one breed is better than another, it certainly revealed that “breed” matters. Out of the 5-6 purebred breeds included, the English breeds were consistently most tender compared to European breeds and significantly more tender then Afrikaner breeds (Brahman). Although anecdotally these findings were no surprise, genetically it was a game-changer to be able to identify and select for the tenderness gene in an individual animal. As a side note… not to minimize the successful branding of “Certifed Angus”, but truth be told, Shorthorns were proven consistently more tender than Angus.

It must be pointed out that the research is applicable to the specific breeds that were involved in the research, so to assume that the data is applicable to the Dexter breed specific is just not verifiable at this time. So is there an advantage to test anyways? Yes, because genetic discovery is ongoing. Having DNA on file (or at least archived) in anticipation of future discoveries or concrete evidence, has no down side. It is simply preparedness for anyone who believes it is not “if” but “when.”

standard use of EPDs as a breeding selection tool, in both the beef and dairy industries world-wide, you will surely notice that commercial animals have become so large that they barely resemble their ancestors. Thirty-five years of selecting for specific “desired traits” likely in combination with the strategy of out-crossing for hybrid vigor (heterosis) has morphed cattle from reasonably sized animals into what more and more are considering overly large to the point that they are inefficient, short lived, generally less healthy and... bottom line, less economical.

As breeders of Dexters whose defining attributes are their small size and historically included horns, let us be cautious when prioritizing the traits we select to breed for to ensure that the classic Dexter phenotype is not lost in the process. Once a gene trait is elim-

inated from our collective purebred genome by selection, it is gone forever unless out-crossed back in. We can surely have both tender and small, but not by accident.

For those wishing to research the backstory dating back to the 1980’s I would suggest starting with these Google searches:

• National Beef Checkoff • NCBA Carcass Merit Project • The National Beef Cattle Evaluation Consortium (NBCEC) • Instrument Grading of carcasses •E nzymes :Calpain and Calpastatin- a calpain inhibitor.

• American geneticist Jay Lush • Australian geneticist Jerry Taylor

So, after all of that science and discovery, we come to the same crossroad that science has always struggled with- ethics. Why would we not use the science to its fullest potential? Is there a downside?

If you look at the the “productivity” of animals prior to the acceptance and www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

Dave Nichols with his 1953 Angus heifer at the county fair.

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Tenderness Markers Identified 1. Whole Genome Scan: This step used DNA from cattle from Ontario, Alberta, Australia and U.S. research herds that also had ribeye tenderness measurements. Panels (known as SNP chips) that contained up to 650,000 individual DNA tests were used to identify DNA markers that appeared to influence tenderness.

2. Discovery Genotyping: The best 6,000 markers from step 1 were then combined into a smaller panel that was tested on 1032 animals from the University of Guelph population, including influential purebred sires.

3. Imputation: The 6,000 markers from step 2 were tested on 960 crossbred cattle with ribeye tenderness measurements.

A statistical test known as “imputation” was used to predict the DNA scores at the other 600,000 plus DNA sites.

4. Genomic prediction: Actual and imputed genotypes were determined in 860 more cattle with ribeye tenderness measurements. A statistical technique known as genomic prediction was used to convert the 600,000 plus DNA scores into an overall genetic value for each animal. DNA samples were then collected from 100 commercial cattle, their genomic predictions were calculated, and compared to their ribeye tenderness measurements.

The whole genome scan confirmed that ribeye tenderness (like most other traits), is influenced by many genes that each have relatively small effects. The 6,000 markers that seemed to be the most important were dominated by 16 markers that were highly associated with ribeye tenderness. Based on the DNA scores at these 6,000 markers, the other 600,000 plus DNA scores could be predicted with 95% accuracy. Using all of the available DNA information to produce a genomic prediction explained about 36% of the genetic variation in tenderness. Overall, genetic factors accounted for approximately 22% of actual tenderness; environmental and management factors accounted for the other 78%.

When all this was considered, the genomic prediction explained (36% x 22%) 8% of the variation in ribeye tenderness.

About Dave Nichols “I believe that we are stewards of the soil, but one of the reasons we’re placed on earth is to improve the soil and improve life for people, and we can do both. Cows and forages improve the land for future generations,” said Dave Nichols.

Dave and Lee Nichols have set an outstanding example for their fellow cattle producers, purchasing abused rolling crop land at significantly lower prices per acre than fertile, well-maintained land. While they knew it was more difficult to reclaim land than to preserve it, the Nichols determined the lower land cost made the cost of fencing, ponds, terraces, fertilizer and weed and brush control justified. Managed livestock production can actually be a crucial component to rebuilding highly eroded land that was abused by planting row crops since the late 1800s or other mismanagement. In fact, they found it is nearly impossible to reclaim that land without pasture and cattle.

Initially, Dave’s goal was to grow two blades of grass where his dad had grown one. Today, one goal of the Nichols Farms is to produce 50 percent more pounds of beef from two blades of grass by breeding cattle that have

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attained the rate of progress that swine and poultry have.

With genomics and research, the progress on that goal has had a really good start. And the last goal, but certainly not the least of them, is to leave the land for coming generations, who will not only conserve it, but improve it even more. Today, Nichols Farms is producing 50 percent more weaning weight per acre from their pastures than the county average. Their cropland has nearly twice the organic matter of their county’s average.

“Dave is well known for innovative ideas in beef cattle production. The genetics from Nichols Farm cattle have improved the quality of cattle across the United States,” said retired NRCS Grassland Conservationist, Brian Peterson.

“Less well known is the care Dave gives the land in the operation. But the care Dave has given the land is what has made the operation sustainable.”

THE DEXTER CATTLE

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Genetic Archiving D ON’T T ES T? A R C H I VE .

S

mall farmers are practical and smart. Just peek into their barn and sheds and yards and pretty much everywhere on their farm you will see items that non-farmers would see as worthless or useless. But the farmer knows very well that he just might have a use for that small remnant of wire fencing, or slightly bent t-post, or old barn siding one day. Ask him for almost anything from tiny heirloom tomato seeds to spare tractor tires with a few more miles left on them… and they will likely be somewhere on his farm.

Genetic testing can seem like a bit of overkill to a small farmer. Perhaps even a bunch of nonsense. But times are a changin’ and small farmers, perhaps more than anyone, know the value of saving for a rainy day.

If you do not choose to genetically test your herd for parentage verification or various traits or mutations – Don’t test – Archive!

A simple collection and storage of DNA on your herd can be invaluable. It’s free and it’s easy – a farmers two favorite words.

Archiving tail hairs is no different from saving heirloom seeds. Make sure they are clean and dry and put them in a marked envelope.

Tail hairs are easy to collect and store well, as the DNA in the root bulb of the hair decays very slowly.

If possible, collect samples early in an animal’s life, but even if an animal is going to slaughter or even dead, get some tail hairs. Cuz ya just never know…that archived DNA could prove useful or valuable one day. Better to have it than not.

Root Bulb

How to collect tail hairs for DNA sampling Collecting Sample Tail hairs should be pulled (not clipped) from the animal’s tail switch 1. Grab the tail switch 2. Comb or brush out the switch first to remove dead hairs 3. Wrap 5 to 15 hairs around your finger about 2 inches from the end of the tail, then give a sharp pull

Sample Quantity • 20 hairs will provide enough sample for basic parentage testing • 40-50 hairs will provide enough DNA material to conduct a variety of tests in the future (Note: some breed associations require 60 hairs)

Sample Quality • Ensure the sample includes the root bulbs as this is where the DNA is located • Ensure the tail hair is dry and clean to ensure the lab will process the sample and to prevent cross contamination of the DNA

Sample Archiving • Store in a clearly labeled paper envelope in a dark/dry location such as a filing cabinet or drawer • Use a separate paper envelope for each animal

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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BIG

SMALL is the NEW Big Cow Smaller Profit

T

here has been a dramatic increase in cow size in the last 42 years. The beef industry seems to be quite proud of this accomplishment.

But, if today’s cows are 40 percent larger, they will require at least 30 percent more daily maintenance energy and will consume much more forage. This will decrease your stocking rate and increase your cost of production. Based on what we know about cow size, feed requirements and percent cow weight weaned, it’s easy to determine cow-calf producers are producing less pounds and less profit per acre today than they did forty years ago.

Is that progress?

With bigger cows, producers have increased pounds per animal — but not per acre. As pounds per animal increase, pounds and profit per acre decrease. Consequently, today’s cow-calf producers are spending more to make less than producers of the 1970s.

Bigger cows have provided absolutely no benefit to cow-calf producers.

So, who benefited from the increase in cow size? The feedlot and packing

PROFITS

segments benefited greatly — at the expense of the cow-calf producer and the end consumer.

You might be asking how the end consumer is negatively affected. As cattle increased in size, so did all cuts of meat. The larger cuts of meat result in huge and expensive portions if they are cut to the traditional one to one and a half inch thickness. The work-around is to cut steaks thinner.

https://www.pharocattle.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/PCC-Winter-Newsletter_2019.pdf

Big Steaks Big Problem There has been a lot of chatter lately in beef publications about carcass size.

Whatever the actual drivers are of carcass size, the facts are not pretty. Average slaughter weights for commercial beeves have increased more than 330 pounds over the last 40 years. But current data indicates it might be time for the pendulum to begin swinging the other way: December 2017 average carcass weights were 902 pounds.

The 2016 National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA) audit found 24% of carcasses yielded ribeyes in excess of 15 square inches.

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Researchers at Oklahoma State University (OSU) have revealed that this excessive size has caused interesting implications for the retailer and end consumer, namely huge (and expensive) ribeye steaks, which require thinner slicing in order to yield a sensible serving size and meet a target purchase price. But as it turns out, with the weights being equal, a majority of consumers prefer a thicker, smaller cut of steak, AKA Dexter size, to a larger, thinner one necessitating price reductions to complete sales of the larger, thinner steaks.

The researchers concluded that the net loss in ‘consumer welfare’ (how much

SALES decrease in price is needed to make the steak desirable PLUS loss of sales dollars when consumers opted completely out of the larger, thinner steaks) was in the neighborhood of $8.6 billion.

Dexter breeders, you are well-positioned to offer your customers the quality product they desire. Bigger is not always better, and we raise Dexters for quality not quantity. But you already knew that.

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TOO BIG?

M

any Swiss cows are getting TOO heavy for soft Alpine pastures, TOO wide for their stalls and TOO gluttonous for their owners.

Like their American counterparts, Swiss dairy farmers are questioning whether extremely large cows are as productively efficient as smaller cows.

New Swiss Cow, a Swiss consulting group, says smaller cows are more efficient, and are on a mission to convince Swiss farmers as such and influence change.

Many Swiss cattle now top the scales at 1,764 lb and produce more than 16,000 lb of milk annually. But their smaller herdmates, ranging in size from 1,100 to 1,300 lb, are producing 13,000 to 15,000 lb.

XXL cows require so much more energy and protein to produce that much milk that farmers now have to buy concentrated feed, where once their diets were maily pasture based.

stein, a spokesperson for the Swiss Farmers’ Union.

Sensitive mountain pastures get damaged when the heavy animals trample over them, says Michael Schwarzenberger, who is part of an advocacy group called New Swiss Cow and also teaches husbandry at the Arenenberg agricultural training centre on the shores of Lake Constance.

Damaged pastures grow less grass for the cows to feed on and erode more easily.

New Swiss Cow advocates the use of breeding bulls that beget smaller, more frugal and healthier offspring.

The group strives for animals that weigh no more that 1300lbs and grow to about 55 inches.

New Swiss Cow is not primarily an ecological initiative but an idea that is based on business considerations.

The organization’s website talks of issues such as cost-efficiency, herd management and farming systems.

“Our model is a cow that stays fertile and healthy, that turns domestically grown grass and maize into milk as efficiently as possible, and that needs as few antibiotics as possible,” Schwarzenberger says.

The smaller cows require less feed but produce proportionately more milk.

They also fit more easily into traditional tie stalls and freestalls many which were built 25-30 years ago and tend to have fewer health problems. Huge cows find it difficult to get back on their feet from lying down, and lying for too long affects their blood circulation.

Many suffer from problems with their joints and legs.

Summer mountain pasturing still plays an important role in the Alps. The smaller cows tend to be more agile and able to climb to graze Switzerland’s steep alpine pastures, says Sandra Helfen-

http://www.dpa-international.com/topic/swiss-farmers-say-ittime-stop-breeding-giant-cows-180813-99-538762

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

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REGIONAL GROUPS Rocky Mountain Dexter Breeders www.rockymountaindexter.com

We are not a registry, and you do not need to be a member of a breed association to be a part of RMDB all breeders are welcome!

Our purpose is to educate breeders on best practices for herd management, educate the public about the benefits of Dexter cattle, and provide Dexter breeders with resources to market their cattle.

2019 Spring Farm Tour May 31- June 1 Rexburg, ID Go to website for more details.

Legacy Dexter Cattle Breeders legacybreeders.org

Our goal - To bring breeders together to preserve the unique qualities and traits found in the rare, original Dexter bloodlines. Membership is open to all breeders interested in preservation. Help us save these wonderful and unique heritage bloodlines from disappearing forever.

Ohio Valley Dexter Breeders Association ohiovalleydexters.weebly.com

Promoting the breed along with our youth is a major focus of OVDBA, as well as educating, researching and teaching each other how to identify, select and breed for well conformed, solid animals that are within the standards of the Dexter breed. Anyone from any state is welcome. 2019 Show & Sale May 18 - 19 Holmes County Fairgrounds

Dexter Cattle Club of Tennessee www.dextercattleclub.com

We are based in Tennessee, but open to all. Dexters are the stars of our organization no politics just simply for the good of the Dexter breed. We organize clinics, seminars and other marketing opportunities for our members, and support youth participants.

Sierra Dexters

www.dexterstoday.com/sierra-dexters With a focus on learning and sharing, Dexter enthusiasts in northern California are organizing farm tours and workshops to educate, inspire and encourage a more connected small farming community in California and surrounding states. This is an association neutral group and all are welcome to join, share and learn about all things relating to self sufficiency, sustainability and small farm stewardship.

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THE DEXTER CATTLE

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Florida State Fair DEXTER SHOW HIGHLIGHTS 37 ENTRIES Exhibitors included - Ann Holt, Tierney Pettinato, Jennifer Wolf, Sean Silverman, Kathy Chaney, Mark Chaney, Olivia Moonin, Jill Gurley, Daniel Gurley, Sally Coad and Warren Coad

Grand Champion Female

Shown by Jennifer Wolf of FL Timberview Cara

Reserve Champion Female Lucy’s Laurel

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

Ruth Campagna volunteered as Gate Keeper and kept everyone in the right order and Missi Dunse volunteered to take pictures.., I am sure some volunteers have been left out - it is a great fair and the spectator stands were packed with hopefully future Dexter owners!

Grand Champion Bull

Shown by Sally Coad of TN FF Freedom’s Galaxy

Reserve Champion Bull Shown by Sally Coad of TN FF Freedom’s Friday Night

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What are Heritage Breeds?

I

nternational Heritage Breeds Week aims to raise global awareness about endangered heritage breeds of farm animals. Many of our traditional livestock and poultry breeds have been replaced with more “improved” breeds in modern animal agriculture, at the expense of a massive loss in genetic diversity.

Worldwide, about one domesticated livestock breed every month is lost to extinction.

In 2006 Dexter cattle were moved from the “Watch” to “Recovering” in the LBC Conservation Priority List According to the Livestock Breed Conservancy Dexter cattle are the first heritage breed to debut at the National Western Stock Show, one of the largest livestock venues in the US

Ways to Participate, Promote and Profit HOST AN EVENT!

Farmer’s Markets and Fairs

Host a Workshop

Local Farmer’s Markets are a wonderful place to create awareness and emphasize the importance of heritage breeds.

Bring your Dexters!(and your business cards)

Heritage animals are bred for purpose, so teach others how you use the bounty. Cheese making, soap making, home butchering, cooking, or family cow basics, etc.

Host a Farm Tour

Public Display

Invite the public to see and learn more about heritage breeds at your farm, What a great way to raise awareness of Dexters and develop customers for your Dexters and farm products.

Approach your local libraries about organizing an exhibit during International Heritage Breeds Week including books about rural communities, animals, and farming to help educate about agriculture and how it affects their lives. The Livestock Conservancy’s book An Introduction to Heritage Breeds is a wonderful addition to any library. Consider conducting outreach and education in urban and underserved areas too.

Heritage Breed Taste Tour Moooove over wine tours! Invite folks to taste or sample your Dexter products.

Beef, jerky, milk, cheese, soap, lard, etc.

ANNUAL HERITAGE LIVESTOCK CONFERENCE ——— SAVE THE DATE ———

OCTOBER 24-27, 2019 IN SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA 26

Heritage breeds are traditional livestock breeds that were raised before industrial agriculture became a mainstream practice. These breeds were carefully selected and bred over time to develop traits that made them well-adapted to local environments and they thrived under farming practices and cultural conditions that are very different from those found in modern agriculture. Traditional, historic breeds retain essential attributes for survival and self-sufficiency – fertility, foraging ability, longevity, maternal instincts, ability to mate naturally, and resistance to diseases and parasites.

Definition of Heritage Cattle • True Genetic Breed. The breed is a true genetic breed of cattle. That is, when mated together, it reproduces the breed type.

• Endangered Breed. The breed is or has been endangered, as defined by the The Livestock Conservancy, and appears on the Conservation Priority List in the Critical, Threatened, Watch, or Recovering categories.

• Long History in US. The breed has an established and continuously breeding population in the United States since 1925. If developed since 1925, foundation stock is no longer available. If more recently imported, the breed is globally endangered.

• Purebred Status. Heritage Cattle must be registered purebred animals or immediate offspring of registered purebred animals. Cattle that are the result of a breed association sanctioned grade-up program must have obtained purebred status.

Why does The Livestock Conservancy only count registered animals?

Registered animals are those with documented pedigrees. Assuming that registries are operated with integrity (an assumption we make), we know registered animals to be purebred. Generally, animals that are intended as breeding stock are registered and will contribute their genes to the next generation. Historically, unregistered animals had jobs other than breeding. Most breed associations for standardized breeds have no system for re-claiming presumed purebred animals that are not registered.

THE DEXTER CATTLE

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PUREBRED DEXTER CATTLE ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA ALL-IN-ONE FORM 500 Westover Dr. Suite 13489 Sanford, NC 27330 PDCANOW@gmail.com (844) 732-2669

My name is ___________________________________ I am joining PDCA now I am renewing my membership now

Save the stamp! Save the time. It’s quick and easy to do this online at www.DEXTERSTODAY.com I am Submitting and including payment for: Membership $20 Registration Only $20 New $20 Transfer Only $20 Renew $20 Registration + Transfer

(max 23 characters including Herd Prefix)

Tattoo # Horned Black

Female

Left ear Polled Dun

0 charachterscharacters/spaces)

Herd prefix____________________________________ Address ______________________________________

State ____ Zip ________ Ph (_____) _______________

_____________________________________________ Name of animal to be registered Male

Farm Name ___________________________________

City _________________________________________

Enter Transfer information on reverse side See Registration criteria on reverse side

Birth Date

I am a current member (renewed since July 1, 2017)

Steer Right ear

Polled Homo Red

Certified Registration see reverse side for details Email_________________________________________ Certified by Testing Certified by Obligate -Genotype on file -Genotype on file -PHA Tested -PHA Obligate -Chondro Tested -Chondro Negative -Parent Verified Tested A2/A2 Obligate A2/A2 Other ___________________________________ Please submit all test results or proof needed to verify

_____________________________________________ Name of Sire of animal being registered PDCA # _______________ Legacy# ______________ ADCA# _______________ Other# _______________ I owned sire at the time of breeding I did not own sire at the time of breeding Dam was bred using AI on (date): ______________ Receipt/invoice from AI service company/technician included (required)

_____________________________________________ Name of Dam of animal being registered PDCA # ______________ Legacy# _______________ ADCA# _____________ Other# _______________ I was the breeder of the animal being registered and in possession of dam at time of breeding I owned the dam at the time of birth

_____________________________________________ Sire owner at the time of live breeding if not applicant

(Date of purchase): __________________________

Address ______________________________________ City _________________________________________ State _____ Zip _________ Ph (_____)_____________ Email ________________________________________

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

I bought the dam already bred on

From: _______________________________________ Address _____________________________________ City ________________________________________ State _____ Zip ________ Ph (_____) _____________ Email _______________________________________

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Purebred Dexter Cattle Association of North America Registration Criteria

Definitions

Standard Registration Animal to be registered must be the offspring of a sire and dam that are registered in the Purebred Dexter Cattle Association registry or other recognized Dexter cattle registry including but limited to: Legacy Dexter Cattle Registry, American Dexter Cattle Association and Canadian Dexter Cattle Association. No genetic testing required.

Certified Registration In addition to the Standard Registration criteria, a Certified Registration must provide proof by genetic testing or by obligate of the following: Genotyping Chondro status (positive or negative) PHA status (positive or negative) Other Genetic Information If submitted, additional genetic testing can be included on/added to an animals registration certificate: Parent verification A2 status Color verification Polled status

Steer Registration Record of Birth Transfer info

Owner – Legal owner of the dam at time of calving of animal being registered.

Herd Prefix – A breeders unique identifying word, name, initials, variation or abbreviation to be included in the name of all offspring produced by that breeder.

A herd prefix will identify your cow named Bessie from someone else's cow named Bessie.

Example: Tom & Linda Casey of Lucky Charm Irish Dexter Cattle Possible Herd Prefix: TLC Bessie, Casey's Bessie, Lucky Charm Bessie The herd prefix of breeder (not owner) should be included in the name of animal at time of registration.

Tattoo – A form of permanent identification. Can be tattoo in ear, branding, freeze branding, USDA tag, micro chip, etc. Standard ear tags are not considered permanent.

Steer Registration fee - $5. Submit using online Registration form at www.dexterstoday.com/registration-only. Certificate provided as PDF by email There is no fee to submit a Record of Birth. Submit using online Record of Birth form at www.dexterstoday.com/record-birth

Select one

Register then Transfer this animal

To be completed by seller (name/info provided on front page)

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Breeder – Owner of the dam at time of breeding to produce the animal being registered.

Transfer the registered animal(s) listed

Transfer fee applied per animal

Date of Sale ________________________________

PDCA# Animal Name(s) __________________________________________

Buyer Name________________________________

__________________________________________

Address____________________________________

__________________________________________

City_______________________________________

__________________________________________

State ____ Zip___________ Ph (_____)__________

__________________________________________

Email______________________________________

__________________________________________

THE DEXTER CATTLE

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Move Your Whole Herd

with our registry transfer.

Are you a new PDCA member? We’ve made it easy and affordable for you to transfer your entire herd at one time into the PDCA registry. Only $5 per animal.

Try our Online Transfer.

It’s quick and easy.

VISIT US AT

dexterstoday.com

Or Transfer by Mail Include: Your name, address, phone, and email; Name, address, phone, and email of person transferring to; Name and PDCA registration # of animal being transferred Date of Transfer/Sale • Payment of $20 per transfer Mail to PDCA • 500 Westover Dr. Suite 13489 • Sanford, NC 27330

SELL

MORE! www.DEXTERSTODAY.com/ advertise-now

www.DEXTERSTODAY.com | WINTER 2019

ADVERTISE HERE • • • • •

Very affordable pricing Easy online submission Help with ad design available Eighth • Quarter • Half Full page print and online ads

Tattoo Letters 2016 – D 2017 – E 2018 – F 2019 – G

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The Dexter Cattle Journal

ebred Dex ter Pur

rth America No of

le Association t t Ca

Purebred Dexter Cattle Association of North America 500 Westover Dr. Suite 13489 Sanford, NC 27330 Address Service Requested

Preserving and promoting the Dexter breed

DEXTERS And those who own them

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THE DEXTER CATTLE

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