Sexual Education for Youth: The Roles of Family, School, Society and the State. Zisis Papathanasiou
220
REVIEW ARTICLES
Early diagnosis of Autism – Early Childhood intervention in children aged 0–6 years – The role of Pediatricians and the implementation of early childhood development by Pediatricians. Stavroula Papadakou, Efthalia Tzila, Ioanna Sgouromalli, Eleni Panagouli
226 Burns in infants and children.
Dimitrios Emm. Michelakis
232
Allergic Rhinitis in the metagonidiamic era. Alexios Mavroudis
238
The Cultivation of Emotional Intelligence and Communication Skills in Preschool Age: The Role of Sexuality Education. Sofia Morogianni
Manuscript submission
e-mail: grammateia@e-child.gr
Instructions to authors: http://e-child.gr/publications/ instructions-to-authors
Owner Greek Paediatric Society 15, Mpakopoulou st. GR - 15451, Ν. Psychiko Tel.: +302107771140
Background: Early childhood is a critical period for neurodevelopment. Early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) allows timely intervention and significantly improves functional and social outcomes.
Method: The aim of this article is to highlight the role of pediatricians in early diagnosis of autism and in the implementation of Early Childhood Development (ECD).
Results: Pediatricians play a key role in developmental surveillance, early detection of autism signs and referral for specialized assessment. Early intervention requires interdisciplinary collaboration and individualized treatment programs aimed at improving communication, social interaction and autonomy.
Conclusions: The comprehensive implementation of ECD by pediatricians is essential for timely intervention and improved developmental outcomes in children aged 0–6 years.
Key words: autism, early intervention, Early Childhood Development, pediatricians, developmental screening
Stavroula Papadakou
Efthalia Tzila
Ioanna Sgouromalli
Eleni Panagouli
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Unit for the Child “Spyros Doxiadis”
Κατάλογος
ECD: Early Childhood Development
(11).
1. American Academy of Pediatrics. Identification, evaluation, and management of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. 2020;145(1):e20193447.
2. Johnson CP, Myers SM. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007;120(5):1183–1215.
3. Hyman SL, Levy SE, Myers SM. Identification, evaluation, and management of autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. 2020;145(1):e20193447.
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6. Rogers SJ, Dawson G. Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism. New York: Guilford Press; 2010.
7. Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018;392:508–520.
8. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2021;70(11):1–16.
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10. Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA. From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 2000.
11. Papadakou S. Early diagnosis and early intervention in autism spectrum disorders: the role of pediatricians. Athens; 2024. (Επιστημονική
Δημήτριος
Correspondence
Dimitrios Emm. Michelakis, M.D.
Char. Mouskou4, 15771, Zografou
Τ. +30 6977413227
e-mail: dmichel.iatreio@ gmail.com
Burns in infants and children
Dimitrios Emm. Michelakis, M.D.
Summary
Burn disease, one of the most severe forms of injury to the human body, is referred to as a burn injury in scientific terminology because it affects the skin and mucous membranes and has serious effects on all systems of the body, causing an intense metabolic, hormonal and immune reaction. The extent, depth, age of the patient and type of burn determine the severity, method and location of treatment as well as the process and duration of healing. Treatment can be conservative, surgical or a combination of both. Children have their whole lives ahead of them so they deserve the best possible care that an experienced Plastic Surgeon can provide. Recovery is long and requires patience and perseverance.
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon for adults and children. Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgeon at the Burns department of Euroclinic Athens Pediatric department, Associate Physician Pediatric Center of Medical Athens Group and Mitera Hospital
Εικόνα 2.
Εικόνα 1.
Εικόνα 4.
Εικόνα 5.
Εικόνα 3.
Βιβλιογραφία
1. Plastic Surgery Bruce Achauer 2000 6 vol.
2. Key notes on Plastic Surgery A. Richards 2002
3. Fundamental techniques of Plastic Surgery and their surgical applications Mc Gregor 10th edition 2000
4. ΠΛΑΣΤΙΚΗ
5.
6. Plastic Surgery Grabb & Smith 5th ed. 1997
7. Plastic Surgery Mathes 2006 8 vol. 2nd edition
εποχή
Αλέξιος
Correspondence
Alexios Mavroudis
MD,MSc.
Syntagmatarchou Davaki 11 Kallithea 17672
T. +30 6978699611
e-mail: alexis.mavroudis@ yahoo.gr
Allergic Rhinitis in the metagonidiamic era
Alexios Mavroudis
Abstract
Introduction: Precision Medicine is a modern field of research, which focuses on the personalized prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Purpose: The interpretation of genetic changes and modifications of the genomic material of patients with allergic rhinitis.
Materials & Methods: Bibliographic review of recent scientific sources in the online database Pub Med and Google Scholar.
Results: Allergic rhinitis presents a great clinical diversity of phenotypes at the cellular level. Immunohistological studies capture the differentiation of cells with a gradual increase in the number of eosinophils and mast cells in the nasal mucosa compared to age and sensitization to inhaled allergens. It is noteworthy that information on the biopathology of the disease is quite limited. However, there are bibliographic studies that confirm the genetic predisposition of patients. With modern next-generation sequencing techniques (Next Generation Sequencing-NGS), it is proven that rare genetic changes of the host and epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation) play a catalytic role in increasing susceptibility to this disease, as well as in early diagnosis and treatment. Systems biology aims to discover new biomarkers capable of detecting the disease early and contributing to early treatment.
Conclusions: Molecular diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in patients with severe disease and the use of technological clinical decision systems compatible with the digitization of scientific data identify the etiology and establish the immunological footprint for desensitization to the offending allergen.
Yan Hao, Yujuan Yang, Hongfei Zhao, Ying Chen, Ting Zuo, Yu Zhang et al.
Multi-omics in Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanism Dissection and Precision Medicine. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2025 Feb 18;68(1):19 (5).
CLEC16A
CXCR5; DDX6
VPRBP
RBKS
SPPL3; ACADS
RORA
RERE; SLC45A1
TNFSF11
MANBA; NFKB1
1. Elizabeth J Phillips, Jolan E Walter. Precision Medicine in Allergy and Immunology Through the Lens of Immunogenomics. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022 Jul;10(7):17761777.
2. Miao Cheng , Qianqian Dai, Zhi Liu, Yulin Wang, Cuiyun Zhou. New progress in pediatric allergic rhinitis. Front Immunol 2024 Sep 16:15:1452410.
3. Steven P Proper, Nurit P Azouz , Tesfaye B Mersha. Achieving Precision Medicine in Allergic Disease: Progress and Challenges. Front Immunol 2021 Aug 18:12:720746.
4. Steven P Proper, Nurit P Azouz, Tesfaye B Mersha. Achieving Precision Medicine in Allergic Disease: Progress and Challenges. Front Immunol 2021 Aug 18:12:720746.
5. Yan Hao, Yujuan Yang, Hongfei Zhao, Ying Chen, Ting Zuo, Yu Zhang et al. Multi-omics in Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanism Dissection and Precision Medicine. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2025 Feb 18;68(1):19.
6. Sarah J MacEachern, Nils D Forkert. Machine learning for precision medicine. Genome 2021 Apr;64(4):416-425.
7. Heimo Breiteneder, Ya-Qi Peng, Ioana Agache, Zuzana Diamant, Thomas Eiwegger, Wytske J Fokkens et al. Biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses in allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy. 2020 Dec;75(12):3039-3068.
8. Jean Bousquet, Marek Jutel, Oliver Pfaar, Joao A Fonseca, Ioana Agache, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski et al. The Role of Mobile Health Technologies in Stratifying Patients for AIT and Its Cessation: The ARIA-EAACI Perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 May;9(5):1805-1812.
TNFSF: Tumor Necrosis
VPRBP: Viral
Correspondence
Sofia Morogianni Msc
T. +30 6998894073
e-mail: sofia.morogianni@ tutanota.com
The Cultivation of Emotional Intelligence and Communication Skills in Preschool Age: The Role of Sexuality Education
Sofia Morogianni Msc
Abstract
The present paper examines the importance of early intervention in the development of emotional intelligence and communication skills during the preschool years. Through an analysis of neuroplasticity and behavioral models, it highlights the role of parents and educators as role models for authentic communication. Particular emphasis is placed on avoiding dysfunctional communication patterns, such as the double bind, and on the introduction of sexuality education as a means of safeguarding bodily autonomy and future consent.
Psychologist – Psychotherapist Scientific Associate of the Hellenic Institute of Sexology
Βιβλιογραφία
1.Balter, A.-S., van Rhijn, T. M., & Davies, A. W. J. (2016). The development of sexuality in childhood in early learning settings: An exploration of early childhood educators' perceptions. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 25(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.3138/ cjhs.251-A2
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Introduction: Intrauterine testicular torsion is a relatively rare but serious entity of the neonatal period. It is often diagnosed at birth or within the first hours of life, while prenatal detection remains challenging. Timely diagnosis and management undoubtedly pose a significant challenge for the pediatrician.
Method: We describe a case of a full-term male neonate, with normal prenatal ultrasound findings, born with a prominent swelling in the right inguinal region without signs of local inflammation. Further investigation was performed with a scrotal and inguinal ultrasound.
Results: The ultrasound findings were more consistent with a right spermatic cord cyst, with a suspicion of micro-rupture. This finding was considered extremely rare by pediatric surgeons for a newborn. Since intrauterine testicular torsion could not be ruled out despite the inconsistent ultrasound, the young patient was immediately therefore referred to a pediatric surgical clinic, where testicular torsion was diagnosed. As the testis maintained some degree of perfusion, bilateral orchiopexy was performed.
Discussion: Intrauterine testicular torsion is usually diagnosed after birth, when the damage to the testis is already irreversible. The painless clinical presentation may lead to a delayed diagnosis, while Doppler ultrasound, although useful, should not delay surgical exploration in suspicious cases. Despite the low probability of salvaging the affected testis, surgical intervention is essential to confirm the diagnosis and prevent contralateral torsion through prophylactic orchiopexy. Early recognition by the pediatrician and prompt collaboration with the pediatric surgeon are crucial for the optimal management of this rare neonatal condition.
Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ioannina «G. Hatzikosta», Ioannina, Greece
Georgios Georgiou
Department of Pediatric Surgery, «Karamandaneion» General Children΄s Hospital of Patras, Patra, Greece
Konstantinos Bougias
Radiology Department, General Hospital of Ioannina «G. Hatzikosta», Ioannina, Greece
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