Building Technology I - Construction Solution

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I Project 2 Construction Solution Name Shum Li Sze Student ID 0322822 Tutor Ar. Edwin Chan

CONTENT Introduction to Studio Design Project 3 Precedent studies 1.1 Roof system 1.2 Facade system 1.3 Structural system

4 - 11

Facade Design Scheme 2.1 Option 1 2.2 Option 2

12 - 16

Sectional Perspectives

17 - 19

Conclusion

20

Reference

21

2

INTRODUCTION TO STUDIO

DESIGN

PROJECT

Studio design project V concentrates on designing a community library within an urban infill site. Appropriate architectural response, urban context and user behavioral patterns were focus while developing spatial programme.

Apart from designing the community library based on its context and design, the design requires a holistic application

of

structural,

spatial,

functional

and

environmental requirement to address the user needs.

Facade

designs

and

structural

components

were

emphasized here.

3

PRECEDENT STUDIES Precedent studies 1.1 Roof system 1.2 Facade system 1.3 Structural system

4

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

1.1 ROOF SYSTEM Introduction Pajol Sport Centre, Brisac Gonzalez Location / Paris, France Area / 4060.0 sqm Project Year / 2012 Structure / VP &Green

Roof system application Sawtooth roof system provides natural daylighting to the martial arts and fitness centre to maximize the efficiency and functionality of the space as a high-intensity activity area. At the same time, it provides natural ventilation and helps in energy saving.

Allows daylighting

Construction System Type Steel structural roof framing with skylights Materials Steel, Glass and Pine Timber System construction North facing sculpted roof lights Advantages 1.

It allows the use of natural lights and blocks the lights and heats of direct sun exposure.

2.

It provides uniform, natural light over a large area.

3.

Energy costs reduction.

4.

It helps in daylighting.

Site Plans Sections Blocking direct sun exposure

Diffuses afternoon lights

Section

Disadvantages 1.

Can be hot if it is not designed or constructed properly.

Design consideration 1.

The direction of facing glass panels 2.

Apertures and slopeness of roof plane 3.

Number of sawtooths : A series of three sawtooths increase efficiency 4.

Cool roofs and radiant barriers have been introduced to improve passing cooling features to prevent overheating.

5.

Choice of materials to be done wisely. For example, low e-glass or window film can be used to reduce radiant heat admitted via sawtooth roofs.

6.

Well insulated roofs with reflective finishes should be considered.

Daylighting optimization Design relevance to Studio V Project Sawtooth roof system allows the glazed panel to face the east sun, therefore allowing penetration of morning lights into the building. Besides, it helps to prevent direct afternoon and evening sun into the community library.

5 PRECEDENT STUDIES

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

Construction Details 1.

Steel beam 2.

Metal purlin 3.

Steel Tray 4.

Photovoltaic membrane 5.

Thermal insulation 100mm 6.

Thermal insulation 60mm 7.

Pine batten 40mm x 20mm 8.

Acoustic absorption 80mm MW 9.

Fixings 10.

Lighting 11.

Sarnafil Roof Membrane 12.

Glazing 13.

Gutter

Construction process 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Photo above shows the construction of sawtooth roof on site.

The orientation of roof were determined so that the glazing surface were facing the direction to ensure maximum lights into the building throughout the day. maximize .The measurement and size of roof is determined.

Steel roof framing components were fabricated off site and assemblage of the steel roof framing were constructed on site.

Roofing layers were applied and roof flashing were attached to help water to flow off the roof. Gutters were installed for roof drainage.

First piece of roof covering panel were placed along the edge of the roof. The bottom end of the panel were hang 1.9cm over the eave. The remaining panel were laid overlapping one and another. Screws were placed into the overlapping panels.

Sarnafil roof membranes were installed to give the roof edges a smooth appearance.

6 PRECEDENT STUDIES

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

1.2 FACADE SYSTEM Introduction Hispasat headquarters Arquitectos Location / Madrid, Spain Area / 3300 sqm Project Year / 2010 Facade / Jens Richter

Construction details of facade

Architectural Drawings by

Herreros

Elevation

Construction System Type Double skin facade Materials Glass screens, 5mm perforated aluminium sheets System construction Arranged in curved building envelope Advantages & objectives of facades 1.

Contextual response Skin of aluminium plates lacquered in three similar tones produces a variables vibration as the building is stimulated by weather conditions, natural lights, clouds and sunsets. It helps in merging of building with surrounding landscape.

2. Filtration of lights At night, artificial lighting outside and the lights filter through the lattice accentuates the plastic effect of an installation in permanent dialogue with nature. From interior, the facades control the views towards the landscape with its geometrical pattern by emphasizing pleasant nature and manipulating less graceful nature.

It provides different intensity of lights and permeability of inside to the outside and controls levels of perception by controlling the visibility of facades

Unfolded elevation 3. Maintaining the view The extension of facades ensures undisturbed view of roof machineries.

an

4. Climatic response The lattice offered three different densities of openings, sweeping the solar spectrum into three sectors with different solar radiation.

5. Ventilated and shades Lattice is positioned 1 metres away from building to a shaded and ventilated chamber effect, ensuring the reduction of heat loss and gain.

6. Safety and maintenance Cantilevered metal grill catwalk allows for maintenance of curtain wall from outside.

Emergency and evacuation route Ensure monitoring of lattice and all its structural elements to prevent oxidation processes, deterioration and replacement work.

Disadvantages of the facade 1.

The joints and connection have to be carefully sealed and waterproofing need to be done to avoid water penetration into the building during the rains 7 PRECEDENT STUDIES

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

1.2 FACADE SYSTEM Introduction Steel Groves by Ar-Architect Location / Gimhae-si, South Iorea Area / 274 sqm Project Year / 2017

Architectural Drawings

Construction System Type Double skin facade system with alluminium sunshade screen Construction materials & connections Stainless steel pipe, angle

Site plan

Section

System construction Steel tube Advantages & objectives of facades 1) Privacy and security It provides a sense of privacy and security while creating relationship with the neighbourhood.

2) Climatic response It filters sun and scatters the direct sunlights before it enters the room. Different facade forms were generating through the steel facade from day to day. It creates a different environment for the street through the times of the day.

3) Ventilation Its permeable envelope allows ventilation flow in and out to the space.

4) Economical It is an economical cladding material compared to other materials.

Elevation Disadvantages of facades 1) High maintenance of facade.

2) The joints have to be carefully sealed and waterproofing need to be done.

3) Water penetration into the buildings occur during the rains.

Design consideration The intensity and arrangement of the pipe need to be considered to control the filtration of light and efficiency of ventilation in and out the buildings.

Design relevance to Studio V Project The facade system provides a permeable building envelope, allowing penetration of sunlight and ventilation to the building to enhance the reading experience of the community library. It controls privacy yet allows visual engagement in and out, suiting the concept as a community library.

5) Ease of fabrication process The components of the facade systems were readily available off-site and easy to be transported to site. The fabrication process is fast and convenient .

6)

Stain and weather resistance.

Contextual relevance facade

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Permeability of the facades allows the penetration of lights into the building. Water penetration into the building courtyard garden during the rains.

8

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

Construction details of facade

Plan view

Elevation

Section

Detailed Section 9

PRECEDENT STUDIES

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

1.3 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Introduction Tinman House by Junsekino Architect Location / Bangkok, Thailand Area / 415 sqm Project year/ 2014 Structural / nares kamplaew

Architectural Drawings

Construction System Type Steel Frame Construction Materials Steel, concrete Advantages & objectives of structural system 1.

High resiliency and performance 2.

Fast fabrication and construction process to meet tough construction schedule 3.

Flexibility of construction process.

4.

It allows large span between columns.

5.

Cost effective when compared to timber frame construction.

6.

Termite proof.

7.

With an excellent strength to weight ratio, steel framing allows for greater design flexibility.

8.

Reduced onsite cutting minimises installation time and material wastage.

Design consideration 1.

Surface preparation methods such as dry abrasive blasting, coal tar blasting, water blasting should be implemented to prolong the serviceable life of steel structures.

2.

Fireproof treatment should be applied.

For example, fireproof coating and enclosed steel structure such as gypsum block, masonry blocks can protect them from heat.

3.

Bracing elements and systems such as diagonal connections and shear walls can be used to help load transfer.

Elevation

Elevation

Sections Disadvantages 1.

High maintenance cost 2.

Small resistance against fire 3.

Corrosion of steel might be happened in outdoor atmosphere Design Relevance to Studio 5 Project The allowance of large span between columns creates more open spaces within the community library. It provides open and column free internal spaces, allowing the flexibility of library space and subdividing and customizing of library spaces. Other than that, the site is narrow with existing buildings sited in between and high density and flow of traffic with minimum space of service area. Therefore, the transportation of steel is more convenient and the construction process is faster. Consequently, it eliminate the risk of on-site variability.

10 PRECEDENT STUDIES

PROJECT2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

Construction Details

i) Girdle to column connection

i

ii Fin plates connections are bolted to column.

Boltes hold beam in place until welds are made on site.

iii ii) Beam to girder connection

Plates are welded to girder web and bolted to beam web.

i

iii

iii) Precast concrete slabs to steel beam Precast hollow core concrete units supported on steel beams. The joints between adjacent precast units and voids around columns should be filled with grout.

ii

iv

iv ) Composite decking Concrete slab is bonded with embossed rib patterns, acting as tensile reinforcement for the concrete slab.

Structural steel sections Connection of steel structural system Combination of welding and bolting

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Construction process 1.

Construction of foundation 2.

Lifting and placing of structural components into positions by crane or jacking.

3.

Bolted connection will be made for temporary connection. It will not be fully tightened yet.

4.

Alignment of structures such as column base were checked. Beam to beam connection were changed if needed.

5.

Bolted connections were completed to secure and imparted the rigidity to the structural frame.

11

FACADE DESIGN SCHEMES

Facade Design Scheme 2.1 Option 1 2.2 Option 2

12

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

2.1 FACADE

DESIGN

SCHEME 1

Front elevation Scale 1:100 13 FACADES DESIGN

SOLUTION

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

2.1 FACADE

DESIGN

SCHEME 1

Back elevation Scale 1:100 14 FACADES DESIGN

SOLUTION

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

2.2 FACADE

DESIGN

SCHEME 2

Front elevation Scale 1:100 15 FACADES DESIGN

SOLUTION

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

2.2 FACADE

DESIGN

SCHEME 2

Back elevation Scale 1:100 16 FACADES DESIGN

SOLUTION

SECTIONAL

PERSPECTIVES

Ground floor plan 17

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

Roof level 14400

Third floor 10800

DE Second floor 7200

First floor 3600

TA IL 1

DE

TA IL

2

DETA

IL 3

Galvanized railing Aluminium frame DE

TA Ground floorIL 4 0

Aluminium frame and steel beam 18

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES

AIL DET

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

Roof parapet

6

Roof level 14400

DETAIL 5

Third floor 10800

Second floor 7200

First floor 3600

Steel beam connected to side wall

Ground floor steel column to concrete floor slab

Ground floor 0 19 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES

CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the choice of structural, roof and facade systems were affected by both functional and aesthetical quality. Steel structural system were chosen as it allows large span between columns compared to the other structural system. It provides space design flexibility and customizability that is cost efficient, sustainable and durable. Double skin facade system with shading screens allows ventilation and daylighting into the community library. Apart from that, Sawtooth roof was used to allow daylighting into the library space, by avoiding direct sun glare, therefore provide comfortability.

Therefore, the application of structural and construction system are crucial to complement the design of community library to provide a holistic experience for the users.

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REFERENCE Banz, H. (1973). Baukonstruktions-Details. Building construction details. Stuttgart: Krämer.

Brisac gonzalez architects completes pajol sports center in paris. (2014, January 08). Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/brisac-gonzalez-architects-completes-pajol-sports-center-in-paris-01-09-2014/ Ching, F. (2014). Building construction illustrated. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Corporate Office Building for Hispasat Technology Center / Herreros Arquitectos. (2013, May 14). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/372080/corporate-office-building-for-hispasat-technology-center-herreros-arquitectos Estudio Herreros, José Hevia · Corporate Office Building for Hispasat. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://divisare.com/projects/233175-herreros-arquitectos-jose-hevia-corporate-office-building-for-hispasat Junsekino completes structural steel tinman house in bangkok. (2018, March 15). Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/junsekino-architect-and-design-tinman-house-bangkok-thailand-08-03-2015/ Pajol Sports Centre / Brisac Gonzalez. (2014, January 09). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/465263/pajol-sports-centre-brisac-gonzalez Steel Grove / ar-Architects. (2017, December 28). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/886263/steel-grove-ar-architects Tinman House / Junsekino Architect And Design. (2014, November 03). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/562082/tinman-house-junsekino-architect-and-design 21