Shum Li Sze 0322822 Tutor: Mr. Azim Building Science ll Project 2 : Lighting Integration Project Bsc (Hons) in Architecture
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Content 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Design Brief 1.2 Site analysis 1.3 The Community Library 1.4 Site Issue 1.5 Drawings 2.0 Daylighting 2.1 Space A 2.2 Space B 3.0 Artificial lighting 3.1 Space A 3.2 Space B 4.0 Reference
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
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1.0 Introduction 1.1 Design Brief Project 2 of Building Science is a lighting integration project with Project 2 Architectural Design Studio. The project serves the purpose to integrate the principle of lighting design in our studio project context, which involves both artificial and daylighting design strategies for our designed community library in Jalan Besar, Klang. Two spaces were chosen to be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively through lighting contour, daylighting calculation and lumen calculation. PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting) lighting strategies is used as one of the design solution. .
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1.0 Introduction 1.2 Site analysis The site is located in Jalan Besar, Klang, Malaysia where the building receives ample of sunlights throughout the day. The building is sited in between two existing blocks of shophouses, leaving its facades facing both North West and South East. The community library project has an open plan concept with 4 storeys. Therefore, lighting strategy is crucial to achieve the desired ambience and function of the library.
Figure 1.2(a) Sun Path diagram
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1.0 Introduction 1.3 The Community Library The community library aims to incorporate human behaviour of the people at Jalan Besar’s and the urban public realm space into the library programme, providing a platform for the community to engage and interact with each other. To complement that, design qualities such as acoustical and lighting strategies were taken into consideration.
1.4 Issues Being sited inbetween two blocks of existing shophouses, the amount of sunlight penetration is limited.Therefore, appropriate planning of openings and daylightings were implemented to invite sunlights into each designated space. Different daylighting strategies were used throughout the community library to ensure the efficiency and aesthetical value of the space.
1.5 Overall Daylighting strategies
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1.0 Introduction 1.6 Architectural drawings
Figure 1.6(a) Ground Floor Plan
Figure 1.6(b) First Floor Plan
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1.0 Introduction 1.6 Architectural drawings
Figure 1.6(c) Third Floor Plan
Figure 1.6(d) Roof Plan
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2.0 DAYLIGHTING
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2.0 Daylighting Strategies
2.1 Space A - Cooking Studio 2.11 Description of Space A The cooking studio and kitchen is located at the rear of the community library, receiving daylights in the early morning, providing a space for the community to share and learn their cooking knowledge. In the afternnon and evening, minimal daylighting was found in the space as the sunlights were blocked by the walls of the adjacent buildings. Room illumination level of 150-300 is required for this space according to MS1525 guidelines and JKR standards while 500 illumination level is required according to IES Standard Illumination Level to ensure the safety and maximize efficiency of the selected space.
Figure 2.11(a) Shadow casting of Space A in 9.00am in the morning
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Figure 2.11(b) Illumination Level Table for Space A
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2.0 Daylighting Strategies 2.12 Lighting Contour To determine the average illuminance level of the cooking studio space, lighting contour was stimulated through illuminance render software, Revit. The result is shown in figure 2.12(a) where the rear facade of the space receives most of the lights.
Blocked by parti wall
Blocked by staircase and brick walls
Blocked by storage room Figure 2.12 (a) Lighting contour stimulation for Space A
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2.13 Average Daylight Factor Calculation Space A
Components W, Area of windows (m2)
(0.9x1.8) x 6 = 9.72m2
A, total area of internal surface
281.25m2
T, The glass transmittance corrected for dirt
0.6
Θ, Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of window
80
R, The average reflectance of area A
0.5
Average DF = 9.72/281.25 x 0.6(80)/(1-0.5) = 3.31%
Zone
Daylight Factor %
Distribution
Very bright
>6
Very large with thermal and glare
Bright
3-6
Good
Average
1-3
Fair
Dark
0-1
Poor
Figure 2.13 (a) Daylighting factor according to MS1525
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2.0 Daylighting Strategies 2.2 Space B - Magazine area and Counter 2.21 Description of Space B Space B which is the magazine and counter information area of the community library is located at the 1st floor a the rear side of the building, facing the North East direction. The place serves the purpose to provide a place for the users to read, communicate and enquiry information throughout the library opening hours. Proper lighting is required to ease the reading activities for maximum comfortability. The required illumination level for the space is 300-500 according to the MS1525 guidelines (figure 2.21(c)).
Figure 2.21 (a) Shadow casting of Space B in 9.00am in the morning
Figure 2.21(b) Shadow casting of Space B in 6pm in the evening
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Figure 2. 21(c) Illumination Level Table for Space B
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2.0 Daylighting Strategies 2.22 Lighting Contour To determine the average illluminance level of the magazine and counter information area, lighting contour was stimulated through illuminance render software, Revit. The result is shown in figure 2.22(a) where the rear facade of the space receives most of the lights.
Blocked by staircase
Blocked by entrance door
Blocked by toilet wall Figure 2.22 (a) Lighting contour stimulation for Space B
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2.23 Average Daylight Factor Calculation Space B
Components W, Area of windows (m2)
(0.9x1.8) x 8 = 11.52m2
A, total area of internal surface
367.51m2
T, The glass transmittance corrected for dirt
0.6
Θ, Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of window
80
R, The average reflectance of area A
0.5
Average DF = 11.52/367.51 x 0.6(80)/(1-0.5) = 3.01%
Zone
Daylight Factor %
Distribution
Very bright
>6
Very large with thermal and glare
Bright
3-6
Good
Average
1-3
Fair
Dark
0-1
Poor
Figure 2.23(a) ) : Daylighting factor according to MS1525 table
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3.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
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3.1 Space A - Cooking Studio 3.11 Types of light fixtures
Rectangular fluorescent ceiling light fixture was chosen as it is bright and it provides high-efficiency lighting for whole-room illumination. The cooking studio in community library is one of the busiest area with high intensity of activity flow. Therefore, a bright and well-diffused cooking studio lighting creates a more comfortable atmosphere to enhance the cooking experience.
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3.1 Space A - Cooking Studio 3.12 Room Index calculation
Room index =
LXW Hm x ( L+W)
Components Room dimension
L,length = 11.25m W, width = 7.5m
Total floor area
84.375m2
Height of ceiling
3m
Type of lighting fixture
Ceiling light
Luminous flux of lighting
2650 lumen
Height of luminaire
3m
Height of working plane
0.8m
Hm, mounted height of fittings above working plane
3m-0.8m = 2.2m
Illumination level required
150-300
Room Index calculation = (LxW) / Hm x (L+W) = (11.725 x7.5) / 2.2 x (11.725 + 7.5) = 2.08
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3.13 Lumen Method Calculation
N, Lumen Method Calculation =
ExA F x UF x MF
Utilization factor was determined before calculating for the number of lightings required. The reflectance for ceiling, walls and working planes was referred to figure 3.13(a)
0.7
0.5
0.3
Figure 3.13(a) Reflectance factors of Ceiling and walls
Figure 3.13 (b)Utilization Factor Table
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Components E, Required Lux
300
A, Area of working plane (m2)
84.375
F, Initial luminous lux from each lamps
2650
UF, Utilisation factor
0.65
MF, Maintanence factor
0.8
Number of lamps required = (ExA) / (ExUFxMF) =(300 x 84.375) / (2650 x 0.65 x0.8) =18.36 = 18 lightings required
Smax, Maximum horizontal spacing between diffusing luminaire = 1.5 x 2.2 = 3.3m Distance of between the luminaire and side walls = 3.3m/2 = 1.65m Number of fittings each row=6 Distance between fittings =(11.25m - 1.65m - 1.65m) / 6 = 1.59m Number of fittings each column =3 Distance between fittings =(9.75m-1.65m-1.65m)/2 =2.1m
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Figure 3.13 ( c ) Reflected ceiling plan
Figure 3.13 ( d ) Lighting contour after implementation of artificial lighting
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3.14 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting) PSALI is the implementation and utilization of daylights to its maximum and Usage of artificial lights only if needed. During the brightest day where the daylight factor is high, only row R3 is switched on. When there is lower daylight factor, R1 R3 and R5 is switched on. Lastly, on dark days or at night, all the rows are switched on to provide maximum lighting.
Figure 3.14 (a ) Reflected ceiling plan with PSALI integration
Figure 3.14 (b ) PSALI integration - high daylight factor
Figure 3.14 (c ) PSALI integration - lower daylight factor
Figure 3.14 (d) PSALI integration : dark sky or at night
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3.2 Space B - Magazine reading and counter area 3.21 Types of light fixtures
Pendant lamp with LED lighting is used to provide high-energy efficiency lighting with ambiance light to enhance the mood of the magazine and counter area, achieving both functional and aesthetical value.
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3.22 Room Index calculation
Room index =
LXW Hm x ( L+W)
Components Room dimension
L,length = 9.725m W, width = 12.9m
Total floor area
125.5m2
Height of ceiling
3m
Type of lighting fixture
Pendant lamp with LED light bulb
Luminous flux of lighting
1800 lumen
Height of luminaire
2.8m
Height of working plane
0.8m
Hm, mounted height of fittings above working plane
3m-0.2m-0.8m = 2m
Illumination level required
300-500
Room Index calculation = (LxW) / Hm x (L+W) = (9.725 x 12.9) / 2m x (9.725 + 12.9) = 2.78
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3.23 Lumen Method Calculation
N, Lumen Method Calculation =
ExA F x UF x MF
Utilization factor was determined before calculating for the number of lightings required. The reflectance for ceiling, walls and working planes was referred to figure 3.13(a)
0.7
0.5
0.2
Figure 3.23 (a)) Reflectance factors of Ceiling and walls
Figure 3.23 (b) Utilization Factor Table
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Components E, Required Lux
300
A, Area of working plane (m2)
125.5m2
F, Initial luminous lux from each lamps
1800
UF, Utilisation factor
0.67
MF, Maintanence factor
0.8
Number of lamps required = (ExA) / (ExUFxMF) = (300 x 125.5) / (1800 x 0.67 x0.8) = 39 lightings required Smax, Maximum horizontal spacing between directing fittings = 1.0 x 2 = 2.0m Distance of between the luminaire and side walls = 2.0m/2 = 1.0m
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Figure 3.23 ( c ) Reflected ceiling plan
Figure 3.23 ( d ) Lighting contour after implementation of artificial lighting
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3.24 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting) PSALI is the implementation and utilization of daylights to its maximum and Usage of artificial lights only if needed. During the brightest day where the daylight factor is high, only row R4 is switched on. When there is lower daylight factor, R2 R4 and R6 is switched on.
Figure 3.24 (a ) Reflected ceiling plan with PSALI integration
Figure 3.24 (b ) PSALI integration - high daylight factor
Figure 3.14 (c ) PSALI integration - lower daylight factor
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4.0 Reference Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kuala-lumpur.html Stein, B., & Reynolds, J. (2000). Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings. New York: Wiley. Http://ljournal.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/d-2016-154.pdf. (2016). doi:10.18411/d-2016-154
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