V24I4 (Fall 2022)

A NIMA L

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS TOP

12

TIPS TO

FUN CR AFTS

PREVENT CANCER

YOU CAN DO WITH YOUR DOG

GENTLYCOOKED FOODS

WHY THEY 'RE SO HEALTHY

REVERSING DIABETES IN CATS

H OW TO K E E P YOU R

– it can be done!

OLDER DOG'S BRAIN & BODY FIT

NUTRITION

THAT SUPPORTS THEIR KIDNEYS

WHAT TO DO FOR DOGS TH AT A R E

LEASH-REACTIVE

FALL 2022 Display until December 5, 2022

VOLUME 24 ISSUE 4

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

CONTENTS Fall 2022

Columns 14 WHAT TO WEAR Choosing the right boots for your dog

Dog boots are a wonderful invention, and can protect your pooch’s paws from hot asphalt, icy snow, and everything in between. Here’s what to keep in mind when shopping.

24 HEALTH WATCH

40 HOLISTIC

32 NUTRITION FACTS

Complementary therapies for mast cell tumors in dogs and cats

Top 12 pet cancer prevention tips

16

Features ow your dog or cat’s 10 Hgut microbiome affects overall health

The gut microbiome is primarily associated with digestive health. But the state of your dog or cat’s gut microbiome can affect other parts of his body, from his brain to his lungs.

16 20 26 4

oods that support your dog F or cat's kidneys If your dog or cat has been diagnosed with kidney disease, don’t despair.

These kidney-friendly foods and supplements will help support his health and well-being.

Pet food transparency

With so many pet food companies out there, how do you know which ones are transparent when it comes to their ingredients and label claims? This DIY rating system can help.

35 FOCUS ON CBD Can CBD help dogs with cancer?

While the research is limited to date, in vitro studies are showing that CBD may be effective against certain cancer cell lines in dogs.

36 ANIMAL

ACUPRESSURE

Supporting your dog or cat’s digestion with acupressure

A good diet and healthy digestion are vital to your animal’s well-being.

Here’s why, along with an acupressure session that will help improve and maintain the health of his GI tract.

Is your dog leash reactive?

Leash reactivity can make your dog difficult to walk. Help bring the fun back to your jaunts by making the world a friendlier place for him.

rafts you can do with C your dog

Release your dog’s inner artist with these two fun craft ideas.

Animal Wellness

72

26

HEALING

Among the most common cancers in animals, mast cell tumors respond well to lifestyle changes and complementary therapies, from vitamins to herbs to medicinal mushrooms.

45 NEED TO KNOW 5 best dog beds for back and joint problems

Just like us, dogs need a comfortable place to lie down when their backs or joints are sore. Picking the right style of bed will help your four-legged friend rest easier.

48 FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Lab-grown meat — should it be used in pet food?

Once you get beyond the “ick” factor, lab-grown meat may have ethical and environmental advantages. But is it good for our dogs and cats (and us) and should it be used in pet food?

54 FELINE

69 KITTY

74 NUTRITION

Why cats need play

Buying a water fountain for your cat?

How does a meatless diet measure up for your dog?

BEHAVIOR

LIFESTYLE

How to keep your feline friend interested in play as she grows from kittenhood into an adult cat.

KNOW-HOW

Many cats are attracted to running water, so it’s a great way to help them stay hydrated. Here’s what to keep in mind if you’re considering a water fountain for your own kitty.

56 AGING WELL Keeping the geriatric dog’s brain and body fit with exercise

72 EMOTIONAL

From improving memory and cognition to strengthening muscles and enhancing quality of life, regular exercise is beneficial to the health and well-being of your geriatric dog.

WELL-BEING

How Reiki can help your dog or cat through stressful transitions

From moving house to losing a loved one, life transitions are stressful for our animals. Reiki is a healing modality that can help your dog or cat deal with challenging life changes.

62 EATING WELL Sous vide for dogs and cats

Gently cooked food made using the sous vide method is a healthy option for dogs and cats. And it’s growing in popularity.

Believe it or not, dogs can do well on a meatless diet. If you’re thinking of switching your canine companion to a vegan or vegetarian menu, here’s what you need to know.

76 KNOW

YOUR CAT

What position does your kitty sleep in?

82 AT HOME

Animals provide emotional support for self-employed singles

45

64 FELINE HEALTH

Reversing diabetes in cats — can it be done, and if so, how?

The answer is yes! This article explains how and why diabetes develops in cats, and the steps you can take to reverse the process and regain health for your feline friend.

Departments 7 From the Editor Profile 23 Business — Pointpet

30 Product picks 34 Newsworthy

Social Media

71 Fall Favorites 80 In the News 81 Marketplace 81 Classifieds Tips, contests and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Nutrition videos, recipes and more!

Animal Wellness Magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more!

AnimalWellness

Animal Wellness

5

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS VOLUME 24 ISSUE 4

EDITORIAL/CREATIVE DEPARTMENT: Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Ashley Tonkens Graphic Design Lead: Ethan Vorstenbosch Web Design & Development: Lace Imson Graphic Designer: Joy Sunga Graphic Designer: Luke Bakos

COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS:

Hannah Arington Sally E. Bahner Suzi Beber, Honoris causa W. Jean Dodds, DVM Joan Hunter Mayer Sara Jordan-Heintz Patricia Herlevi Ingrid King Elisha Lehrhoff, MS Toxicology Laurie McCauley, DVM, DACVSMR, CCRT, CVA, CVC Judy Morgan, DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT Herb Moskowitz, DDS Erin Mullen Sandra Murphy Evelyn Orenbuch, DVM, DACVSMR, CCRT, CAVCA Barrie Sands, DVM Nancy Scanlan, DVM, CVA Robert J. Silver, DVM, MS Amy Snow Tonya Wilhelm Nancy Zidonis

ADMINISTRATION & SALES:

President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Finance Administrator: Melissa Scripture Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services: Simone Beimbrink Customer Satisfaction Representative: Mattias Wahl

SUBMISSIONS:

Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@ redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received.

You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8.

ON THE COVER

Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

Cover photo by: Javier Brosch Fall is a time for fresh starts, and this cute pooch is here to tell you that leveling up your dog or cat’s nutrition is a great place to begin.

This issue is packed with advice and inspiration on how to provide your best friend with a healthy diet, so he can feel good and enjoy the autumn as much as this pup is!

6

Animal Wellness

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

National Sales Manager/Editorial Associate: Kat Shaw, (866) 764-1212 ext. 315 katshaw@redstonemediagroup.com Western Regional Manager: Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 becky@redstonemediagroup.com Business Development Representative: Kern O'Leary, (866) 764-1212 ext. 225 kern@redstonemediagroup.com Business Development Representative: Luke Pigeon, (866) 764-1212 ext 228 luke.pigeon@redstonemediagroup.com Classified Advertising: Libby Sinden, (866) 764-1212 ext 114 classifiedads@animalwellnessmagazine.com Customer Satisfaction Manager: Mattias Wahl, (866) 764-1212 ext. 222 Mattias@redstonemediagroup.com

TO SUBSCRIBE:

Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for four issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers.

Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME:

Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a discount for resale in retail shops and through various organizations. Call Libby at (866) 764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at (705) 742-4596 or e-mail at libby@animalwellnessmagazine.com

ADVERTISING SALES:

Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published four times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2022. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: August 2022. proudly supporting

improving the lives of animals... one reader at a time.

FROM THE EDITOR

"Let thy food be thy medicine"

-Hippocrates

O

ur little Shih Tzu-Poodle rescue, Muffie, will turn 15 years old in January, so it’s not too surprising that at a recent check-up, her bloodwork showed a slight loss of kidney function. When you’re lucky enough to have your animals reach their golden years, things do start to slow down. Three years ago, our 16-year-old cat, Katy, experienced the same issue. When the vet recommended a protein-restricted kibble diet for Muffie, we looked at the ingredients and politely declined, deciding instead to maintain the high quality of protein we’ve always fed but at a reduced quantity. We’ve replaced the calories with more steamed veggies and some sweet potato or rice. And we’ve also introduced an herbal tincture formulated to enhance kidney function. Fingers crossed, this will give us another year or two of cuddling with our sweet girl.

Not surprisingly, one of the best ways to help your fourlegged friend enjoy a long and healthy life is to make sure he’s eating a nutritious diet filled with wholesome ingredients and free of synthetic additives. This issue provides you with the inspiration and know-how you need to make the right dietary choices for your dog or cat.

Start by looking at the benefits of gently cooked sous vide pet foods, and what the latest studies are showing us about meatless diets — many animals thrive on them! Find out how the health of your buddy’s gut microbiome can affect his overall well-being, from his lungs to his brain, and read up on lab-grown meats, and whether or not they’re a good idea for use in pet foods. If your dog or cat has kidney issues like Muffie, you’ll find key info on foods and recipes to support

renal health. Discover how to do an acupressure session to support his digestion, and check out our article on pet food transparency and why it’s so important.

As we head into the cooler days of fall, you might be looking for something new to do with your dog. Why not try your hand (and paw!) at some canine-themed arts and crafts?

Make your autumn walks more enjoyable with tips on helping leash-reactive dogs, and learn about different dog boots for different seasons. If your canine companion has back or joint issues, you’ll want to know about the five best bed types for relieving his aches and pains.

Cat parents won’t want to miss our articles on feline water fountains, why cats need play to stay happy and healthy, and how a holistic approach may help reverse diabetes (it can be done!).

As always, we hope you find something in this issue to help you keep your animal companions as healthy and happy as possible!

Yours in wellness,

Dana Cox Editor-in-Chief

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine Animal Wellness

7

CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Jean Dodds received her veterinary degree in 1964 from the Ontario Veterinary College. In 1986, she established Hemopet, the first non-profit national blood bank program for animals. Dr. Dodds has been a member of many committees on hematology, animal models of human disease and veterinary medicine. She received the Holistic Veterinarian of the Year Award from the AHVMA in 1994. p.10

Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of ACU-DOG: A Guide to Canine Acupressure, ACU-CAT: A Guide to Feline Acupressure, and ACU-HORSE: A Guide to Equine Acupressure. They founded Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources, which offers books, manuals, online training courses, DVDs, apps, meridian charts, consulting, and many more acupressure learning tools. Contact www.animalacupressure.com or tallgrass@animalacupressure.com. p.36

Veterinarian Dr. Laurie McCauley graduated in 1992 from Colorado State SVM. A pioneer in the field of veterinary rehabilitation, she designed the first underwater treadmill for dogs. In 1998, Dr. McCauley started the first veterinary rehabilitation clinic, TOPS Veterinary Rehabilitation. She is certified in acupuncture and chiropractic, and Board Certified in Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation. In 2017, Dr. McCauley opened Red Tail Rehab mobile practice in North Carolina, and in 2020 created Optimum Pet Vitality, an online learning platform. p.56

Hannah Arington grew up at her family’s horse farm in Nebraska. She graduated in 2017 with an Animal Science degree from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and took a job in the animal pharmaceutical industry.

Her free time is spent caring for her two horses, reading the latest animal research, and spoiling her rescue dogs. p.62

Veterinarian Dr. Judy Morgan graduated from the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine in 1984. She later earned certification for Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation, and for Acupuncture and Food Therapy from the Chi Institute. Dr. Morgan is certified in acupuncture, food therapy, and chiropractic care. She has authored four books on holistic pet care, and has over 700 educational videos on Facebook and YouTube (drjudymorgan.com) p.40 Veterinarian Dr. Evelyn Orenbuch is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation and has been practicing veterinary rehabilitation medicine exclusively since 2003. In 2011, she opened Georgia Veterinary Rehabilitation, Fitness, and Pain Management (GVR). In 2020, Dr. Orenbuch sold GVR to focus on expanding veterinary rehabilitation nationally through her work with VROMP (Veterinary Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Medicine Partners) and with Optimum Pet Vitality (OPV). p.56 Veterinarian Dr. Barrie Sands received her DVM degree from Ross University in 1991. She achieved her CVA certification from IVAS in 2003, followed by advanced training in food and herbal therapies and homeopathy.

Dr. Sands has been working at the VCA Emergency and Referral Center in San Diego since 1996 in the Emergency Critical Care department, and is head of the Integrative Holistic department. She is a certified trainer for the Institute of HeartMath. Dr. Barrie authored The Stupid Things My Human Does; True Stories from the Animal ER. p.64 Veterinarian Dr. Nancy Scanlan is Executive Director for the AHVM Foundation, a board member of the World Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, and a consultant on the Veterinary Information Network. She has been using complementary health therapies in her veterinary practice since 1970, including nutraceuticals, acupuncture, non-classical homeopathy, and Chinese and Western herbs. Dr. Scanlan was Executive Director of the AHVMA for three years and president of the VBMA for two years. p.48 Veterinarian Dr. Robert Silver graduated from Colorado State’s College of Veterinary Medicine, and established one of the first US integrative vet clinics in Boulder, CO in 1993. He is a nationally recognized expert in veterinary herbal medicine and veterinary CBD and cannabis therapeutics. He published three chapters in Cannabis Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, and wrote A Guide to Pet CBD and Cannabis. Dr Silver shares a blog site (NurseYourPet.com) and owns the Well-Pet Dispensary (wellpetdispensary.com). p.35 Dr. Suzi Beber has been creating special needs diets for animals for two decades.

She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and a Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. p.16

8

Animal Wellness

Sally Bahner specializes in cat-related issues, specifically nutrition, holistic care and behavior. She has offered her services as a feline behavior and care consultant and gives classes on cat care. Sally is the resident cat behavior expert on Tracie Hotchner’s Cat Chat radio program, and a member of the Cat Writers’ Association and the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. p.54 Patricia Herlevi is a lifestyle journalist and animal communicator who advocates for animal welfare. She practices animal Reiki and other healing modalities for animals and their guardians. She completed a memoir about fostering the family dog which led to her pursuing certification as an animal communicator and Reiki Master. p.72 Joan Hunter Mayer is a certified professional canine behavior consultant. In 2005, she founded her Santa Barbara-based dog training business, The Inquisitive Canine. A Fear Free certified pet professional, Joan holds other certifications, including CBCC-KA and CPDT-KA from the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT) and The Academy for Dog Trainers Certificate in Training and Counseling (CTC).

She is a Certified Canine Nose Work Instructor from NACSW, and a certified separation anxiety trainer (CSAT) p.20 Sara Jordan-Heintz is a newspaper and magazine journalist. Her articles have appeared in Equine Wellness, Antique Trader, Farm Collector and others.

She is a recipient of the Genevieve Mauck Stoufer Outstanding Young Iowa Journalists Award. Her work is regularly published through the USA Today Network. She is also the author of the classic cinema book Going Hollywood: Midwesterners in Movieland. p.74 Ingrid King is a former veterinary hospital manager and author of five cat books, including Buckley’s Story: Lessons from a Feline Master Teacher and Tortitude: The BIG Book of Cats with a BIG Attitude. Her blog, “The Conscious Cat”, is an award-winning resource for conscious living, health and happiness for cats and their humans (ConsciousCat.com). Ingrid writes for magazines and websites around the world. p.69 Erin Mullen is a freelance writer and entrepreneur living in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Saint Vincent College and enjoys spending her free time in the outdoors with her boxers, Emma and Elsa. p.45 Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behavior issues. One of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behavior services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com). p.26 Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. p.14

HOW YOUR DOG R CAT’S D gs Cats

Gut Microbiome AFFECTS

Overall Health

by W. Jean Dodds, DVM

When we think of the gut microbiome, we consider it mainly in terms of digestive health.

But the truth is, the state of your dog or cat’s gut microbiome can affect other parts of his body, from his brain to his lungs.

Every surface of your dog or cat’s body (and your own) has a microbiome. However, the vast majority of microbial biodiversity is found in the nutrient-rich environment of the gastrointestinal tract. At least 200 times as many cells, and even more unique gene products, are found in the intestinal microbiome than in all the native cells of the body combined. So it should come as no surprise that what’s happening within your dog or cat’s gut microbiome can have an influence on other areas of his body, impacting everything from behavior to lung health.

CONSEQUENCES OF AN IMBALANCED MICROBIOME 1. Dysbiosis of gut and lungs When the balance of beneficial and harmful microbiota (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) in the intestines is disrupted by the process called dysbiosis, the result can not only affect the bowel but also the lungs. In some lung disease in humans and animals, in fact, the role of the intestinal microbiota exceeds that of the organisms residing in the lungs! Note that the dysbiosis can be present for years without obvious clinical symptoms.

10

Animal Wellness

Fast fact: Although the gut and lungs are distinct anatomical sites in the body, their microbiota still communicate via complex pathways within the gut–lung axis.

Study of the lung microbiota has begun only recently; while it mostly focused on bacterial content at first, it now

also includes viral and fungal inflammatory effects. A key role has also been identified for inter-kingdom cross-talks in maintaining body homeostasis and in the evolution of disease.

Inter-kingdom cross-talk refers to the ability of pathogens to sense their environment, influencing their capacity to survive and cause disease. This cross-talk involves host–microbe as well as microbe–microbe interactions, which have both localized and long-reaching effects.

2. Food intolerances With the growing number of individuals experiencing dysbiosis from an imbalanced microbiome, food intolerances are increasing, and many people have opted to reduce or exclude specific foods or have chosen to eat gluten-free and Paleo diets. The same trend is occurring among the dogs and cats in their care. Supporters of the gluten-free diet argue that gluten triggers inflammation and related diseases, while followers of the Paleo diet, which is free of all cereals, state that cereals are dangerous for human

and animal health. They further argue that gluten-free cereals were absent in the diet of our ancestral hunters and gatherers, and the companion animals that foraged with them.

No placebo double-blinded controlled studies either support or reject the positive health impacts a gluten-free or cereal-free diet has on the gut microbiota of people or animals. Importantly, dogs have evolved from their wolf ancestors to become obligate omnivores. By contrast, cats remain primarily obligate carnivores and need some meat in their diet.

Fast fact: Dogs have adapted to domestication by developing three additional genes that allow them to digest and assimilate starch.

More about the

Microbiome

It is well-established that a balanced diet supports a healthy microbiome and promotes well-being, whereas an imbalanced diet leads to an unhealthy microbiome and a variety of diseases.

For example, during flare-ups of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), biochemical and molecular events disrupt the microbiome and trigger immune responses. IBD is a chronic disease marked by periods of remission followed by flare-ups in which the disease becomes active. These flareups have now been shown to be caused by a reduction in overall gut ecological diversity, and the gain and loss of specific "pro-" and "anti-inflammatory"

microbes. Importantly, researchers have determined the reasons for these changes; during periods of disease activity, people and presumably animals with IBD have fewer microbially-derived chemicals, due to less beneficial microbial metabolism, poorer nutrient absorption, greater water or blood levels in the bowels, and more urgent bowel movements.

These factors decrease the overall stability of the gut microbial ecosystem, leading to more episodes of improper immune response and overreaction to the normal gut microbiome.

Specifically, during periods of disease activity, people with IBD show higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including adrenate and arachidonate. Research has also discovered that nicotinuric acid (a marker of metabolic syndrome) is found almost exclusively in the stool of patients with IBD, whereas levels of vitamins B5 (pantothenic acid) and B3 (niacin) were depleted in their guts. Additionally, bile acids were disrupted during IBD.

Animal Wellness

11

In obese people, eating high-protein diets changes the fecal microbiome composition to a less healthy state. In contrast, obese dogs produce different gut microbiota when eating high dietary protein, and lean dogs that consume higher protein diets show increased production of the fermentation products involved with putrefaction.

In a comparison of dogs fed high protein (HP) and those fed lower protein (LP), the HP dogs had higher concentrations of protein fermentation metabolites and plasma acylcarnitine.

There were no observed changes in fecal concentrations of acetate and butyrate. Significant interactions between diet and body condition were also found. The similarity coefficient of fecal microbiota between the two diets was smaller in obese dogs than in lean dogs.

3. Aggression Aggression, a serious behavioral disorder in dogs, endangers both animals and humans. Recent research in humans has linked the compositional diversity of the gut microbiome to behavioral and psychological regulation. Thus, the composition of the canine gut microbiome could be associated with aggression.

Researchers studied pit bull-type dogs seized from a dogfighting organization, including 21 that displayed aggressive behaviors and ten that did not. Beta-diversity analyses supported an association between their gut microbiome structure and aggression. Gut

microorganisms were linked to aggression and pointed to an aggression-associated physiological state that interacts with the gut microbiome. Further, microbial composition and levels differed based on the aggressive and non-aggressive evaluations. Eventually, studies of these and other dogs could be used to develop diagnostics, preventative strategies, and therapeutics for aggression.

Fast fact: Perhaps specific beneficial bacterial strains could be identified and used as probiotics to alleviate aggression.

4. Vaccination response Gut microbiota are also known to affect the response to vaccines. An imbalanced population of reduced or

absent commensal gut flora coupled

with an overgrowth of pathogenic

gut flora is associated with systemic

inflammation and a blunted immune response to vaccination. However, there are currently no published studies explaining how microbiota may also be associated with adverse reactions to vaccination.

The composition of the canine gut microbiome could be associated with aggression.

As we learn more about the gut microbiome, we’re realizing what a profound effect it has, not just on digestive processes, but on many other facets of our health and well-being — and that of our animal companions.

Immunity and the

Microbiome The intestinal lumen contains the animal’s immune cells, which sense and respond to what is happening within.

When microbes are recognized by the body’s immune cells, a systemic release of cytokines occurs. Cytokines are proteins that are produced in response to invading pathogens to stimulate, recruit, and proliferate immune cells.

For example, cytokines play an important role in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

12

Animal Wellness

WHAT TO WEAR

e h t g n i s Choo RI

S T O O B T GH

g o d r u o for y RA

BY SAND

MURPHY

Dog boots are a wonderful invention, and can protect your pooch’s paws from hot asphalt, icy snow, and everything in between. Here’s what to keep in mind when shopping.

We always have footwear on when walking with our dogs. So it can be easy to forget that our canines’ feet are exposed to temperatures and terrains that can be uncomfortable for them.

Burning hot asphalt, bitterly cold snow, road salt, sharp gravel, or splintering ice can all pose problems. Protecting his feet with a set of dog boots helps prevent discomfort and injury, and makes your outings together a lot more enjoyable. Choosing the right type of dog boot for the situation is important, and that’s what this article is about.

FOR SUMMER STROLLS Boots for warm weather walking should protect your dog’s paws from hot asphalt or beach sand, but also be lightweight and breathable. Poochy Pawz City Shoes are a great example — they’re made with a Lycra-blend fabric for stretch, shape retention, and moisture wicking (www.poochypawz.com).

Important info: In warmer weather, even if the ambient temperature is a moderate 77°F, asphalt can be as hot as 125°F — enough to burn paws.

WINTER WARMTH When the weather turns cold and the snow starts to fly, your dog needs a different kind of boot. Dogs are susceptible to frostbite in as few as 30 minutes after the temperature drops below freezing. Unprotected feet (as well as the nose, ears, and tail) experience the greatest exposure to freezing temperatures.

14

Animal Wellness

Important info: Depending on your dog’s hair type, ice and snow can accumulate between his toes, causing discomfort and increasing the risk of frostbite.

Look for a boot that’s waterproof, windproof, and that has a breathable upper to help retain warmth. It’s also a good idea to opt for a style that has a good tread on the bottom, for traction in slippery conditions. Some boots include a sock-like gaiter that pulls up over the top of the boot and zips in place, to protect against deeper snow. Additional features to look for are secure fastenings (important for any dog boot!) and reflective strips for nighttime walking during the shorter days of winter.

RAINY DAYS Most dogs love splashing through puddles, but it means a lot of clean-up when you get back home, especially if it’s muddy. A water-resistant boot that’s also lightweight and easy to keep clean is a good choice for those rainy days. Look for a style that conforms to the dog’s paw shape for a Spandex-like fit.

FOR ROUGH TERRAIN Depending on where you live and walk with your dog, you may encounter a variety of different terrain types (and trash) that could injure his tender pads. Gravel or stones, broken glass or shells, burrs, and cactus needles are just some examples. In these situations, the best choice is a durable all-weather boot with good soles that are resistant to being penetrated by sharp objects.

Important info: All dog boots should fit well and securely, and not slide around the dog’s foot.

In the end, some trial and error, along with lots of patience and treats, will result in the right boot for your dog — and for the season.

ADDITIONAL

TIPS AND FEATURES Some dog boots are only ankle height, while others are taller. Shorter boots are fine for mown grass and clement conditions, while a higher boot can be a better choice for tall grass or deep snow.

Dogs don’t perspire like we do, although they do sweat through their paw pads. So it’s important to choose dog boots that wick out moisture to prevent overheating and fungal infections, especially in warm weather.

Dog trainer Julia Jenkins says that summer boots should have a rubber sole that offers protection from the heat. For winter, look for a waterproof outer shell, an inner insulation layer, and a higher traction sole.

It’s vital that you get the right size of boots for your dog. Most companies will provide advice on how to measure his feet for the best fit.

Dog boots should be snug but not tight — allow room for one finger to fit between his foot/leg and the boot.

Important info: Look for easy on, easy off.

Be aware that some dogs won’t like the sound of Velcro-like straps opening.

“Stitched seams are more durable and longlasting than glued seams, as well as being more comfortable for your dog,” Julia says.

“Multiple straps make boots more secure and less likely to fall off.”

GETTING HIM USED TO BOOTS While your dog may love chewing your new shoes, getting him to wear his own is a whole different concept. It’s best to try one boot to start with, then add another as he gets used to the idea. Hand out treats and try not to laugh. Dogs often forget how to walk, or look like they’re doing the Hokey Pokey during the first few try-ons. Be patient and persistent, and eventually, he’ll get used to wearing them.

Animal Wellness

15

Foods that Support your Dog or Cat's Kidneys If your dog or cat has been diagnosed with kidney disease, don’t despair. These kidneyfriendly foods and supplements will help D support his health and well-being.

by Dr. Suzi Beber, Honoris causa

Kidney problems are common in dogs and cats, especially as they get older. Let’s take a look at how these conditions, manifest — and how certain foods and supplements can help support your dog or cat’s kidney health.

SIGNS OF KIDNEY DISEASE If your animal companion is drinking more water than usual (polydipsia), or urinating more frequently (polyuria), he may be exhibiting signs of kidney disease. Other symptoms may include dilute urine, which means his kidneys may not be concentrating the urine as they should. Urine that lacks color or odor is also a telltale sign of a kidney problem.

Less frequent but still important symptoms include loss of appetite and weight, and even discolored teeth. Your dog or cat’s breath may have a chemical odor, and he may have sores in his mouth, or pale gums, which are an indicator of anemia. Episodes of vomiting and diarrhea may occur. If your animal is repeatedly licking his nose, chances are he’s feeling nauseated, another possible indicator of kidney disease, along with muscle weakness and exercise intolerance.

Note: Any of these symptoms warrant a trip to the veterinarian for a check-up. Complete blood work, a urinalysis and urine culture are important, because only these tests will let you know if you are dealing with an acute or short-term kidney problem, or a chronic ongoing one.

16

Animal Wellness

gs Cats

FEEDING ANIMALS WITH KIDNEY PROBLEMS Cats: When it comes to cats and kidney disease, a common question is whether protein should be restricted in their daily diet. Generally, decreasing protein levels lessens the kidneys’ workload. Since many cats are picky eaters at the best of times, yours may simply walk away from a restrictive diet, so it’s important to ensure that you look not only at the percentage of protein, but the quality of the protein. If a cat receives insufficient protein, he may lose muscle mass, develop other issues, and have an overall compromised quality of life.

It is very important to ensure your cat is fed a moisturerich diet. Consider a homemade diet, along with special supplementation recommended by a holistic vet, to further support your cat’s kidney function.

A variety of simple recipes can be prepared for cats with chronic renal problems. Try combining 3 ounces of canned wild tuna with ½ ounce of canned clams, ½ cup of cooked long-grain rice, a sprinkle of salt substitute, 600 mg of calcium from eggshell powder (see sidebar on opposite page), and a vitamin-mineral supplement suggested by your veterinarian. A little vegetable mince can be supportive too. Try beets, carrots and green beans. Other vegetables that support kidney health are zucchini, celery, squash, and turnips.

Dogs: When it comes to our canine companions, proteins such as meat, milk, and eggs are higher quality than plant proteins. Consider high-fat, moderate amounts of high quality proteins, and use low phosphorus carbohydrates to fill in the gap. Beef, lamb, pork, turkey, dark chicken with skin, beef heart, green tripe, white rice, sweet potatoes, and winter squash can all be combined in a variety of ways to provide your dog with a nutritious and delicious meal that meets his special needs.

Note: Dogs with kidney problems often do better when fed smaller meals throughout the day, rather than one or two large meals.

KIDNEY-SUPPORTIVE SUPPLEMENTS • S upplements that have a positive impact on both acute and chronic kidney problems include wild salmon oil, an Omega-3 essential fatty acid that’s helpful for fighting inflammation and supporting your dog or cat’s immune system; it may even slow down the progression of renal failure. Vitamin E is the perfect partner to a fish oil supplement.

• Cranberry helps stop bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall, and aids in the prevention of further infections, while vitamins B and C also work together to support kidney function.

• T he humble dandelion is rich in vitamins, including A, B, C, D, and K, and also contains iron, manganese, potassium, phosphorus, and protein. Consider adding a little bit of minced dandelion greens to your animal’s meals. If fresh greens that have never been sprayed are not available, dried greens are readily available in health food stores. Dandelion leaf tea can also be made or added to a variety of broths.

• R ecent studies have demonstrated that astragalus, an immunogenic herb, can slow the progression of kidney issues in animals. Try adding a sprinkle of astragalus root powder to daily meals; the dosage is 4 to 6 grams daily for a dog, and 2 to 3 grams daily for a cat. Always check with your vet before starting your animal on a new supplement.

• O ther supplements provide antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, soothing and tonifying properties through a combination of wild-crafted certified organic herbs, including Echinacea purpurea root, marshmallow, and horsetail.

• S hare a cup of decaffeinated green tea with your cat or dog. Green tea contains a variety of vitamins and is a rich source of flavonols. Principle among these are the catechins, including catchin, epicatechin, epicatechin, gallate, epigallocatechin, and eipgallo catechin gallate (EGCG). Green tea supports kidney and liver health.

RECIPES KIDNEY CARE COOKIES

KIT KAT SALMON BITS

Ingredients

Ingredients

• 2½ cups whole flour (e.g. brown rice, barley, kamut, spelt, or a combination)

• 2 cups whole flour (e.g. barley, oat, spelt, or a combination)

• ½ cup home-prepared or store-bought bone broth

• 2 tablespoons fresh parsley or 1 tablespoon dried parsley

• ½ cup filtered water

• 2 tablespoons fresh catnip or 1 tablespoon dried catnip (for dogs, catnip can be replaced with oregano)

• 1 cup puréed carrots and green beans

• 1 whole egg

Directions Preheat oven to 350°F. Combine all ingredients well in a food processor or blender, until the dough is pulling away from the sides of the bowl. Turn the dough onto a lightly floured cutting board or counter and knead a few times. Roll out the dough and cut into desired shapes, or place it on a lightlygreased or parchment paper-covered cookie sheet, roll it out to the corners of the sheet and lightly score with a sharp knife.

Bake for 25 minutes. Turn the oven off and let the treats cool completely in the oven. Remove and store in a Ziploc bag or airtight cookie jar.

Switch it up: Other vegetables you can use in this recipe include zucchini, parsley, celery, dandelion greens, collard greens, squash, and turnip.

• 1 can wild salmon or wild tuna, packed in water Directions Preheat oven to 350°F. Lightly grease a cookie sheet or cover with parchment paper for easy clean-up. Combine all ingredients in a food processor or blender until the mixture forms a ball that pulls away from the side of the bowl. Turn dough out onto the cookie sheet.

Using a rolling pin or even a glass, ensure that the dough reaches the corners of the cookie sheet. Then score the dough with a sharp knife, to make tiny “bits” (or bigger pieces if you are preparing this recipe for a dog). Scoring makes the treats easy to break, once baked and cooled. Bake for 20 minutes and then turn the oven off and allow the treats to continue to bake, removing when the oven is cool. Break and store in an airtight container or Ziploc bag.

Switch it up: If you want a softer treat, remove the cookie sheet from the oven as soon as the 20-minute timer goes off.

BISON CRANBERRY CRUNCH Ingredients • 1 pound grass-fed bison liver

MAKING EGGSHELL POWDER Simply wash eggshells, bake them in a preheated 350°F oven for ten minutes, then grind them to a fine powder in a coffee or spice grinder. Eggshell powder can be stored in an airtight container, in a cool dry place, for several months.

18

Animal Wellness

• ½ cup finely minced fresh cranberries • 1 teaspoon Acadian Sea Kelp Directions Preheat oven to 200°F. Combine all ingredients in a food processor or blender, until smooth. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper, add liver paste and spread with a spatula. Place cookie sheet on the middle rack of the oven and bake for three hours. Take a sample and break it — you should hear a great “snap.” Cool completely before storage — this step is essential! Store in an airtight container or Ziploc bags.

G O D R YOU S I LEASH REACT IVE? Leash reactivity can make your dog difficult to walk. Here's how to make the world a friendlier place for him.

W

alking our dogs should be an enjoyable, enriching opportunity to connect with our canine companions, and with nature. But sometimes, dogs — and the people who love them — aren’t able to enjoy this basic activity due to leash reactivity. Let’s look at what leash reactivity is, why it happens, and what you can do to help your dog.

WHAT LEASH REACTIVITY LOOKS LIKE We’ve all seen (or maybe even experienced) dogs barking and lunging at the end of the leash, seemingly upset and triggered by the sight of a person, vehicle or other dog. These dogs — and their humans — are experiencing a real struggle in that moment. The frustration for both dog and guardian not only causes stress for both of them, but can even strain the bond between them. What follows are some tips for successful, happy, enjoyable walks — even if your Fido can be a little feisty at times.

20

Animal Wellness

by Jo a

n Hu

nter M

ayer

THE GEAR The first step is to change what’s easy to change, such as your dog’s walking gear. Say he reacts to anything during a walk by lunging. An enthusiastic dog might hit the end of the leash with great force. If the leash is attached to a collar that tightens or pinches, this action is going to create pressure on delicate structures of the neck area, causing pain and discomfort, even injury, and leading the dog to form negative associations with what he is focused on. This distress, in turn, can cause him to either bark at, lunge towards, or attempt to run away from that person, animal, or object in the future.

Each time this cycle repeats, what may have started as excitement and curiosity becomes more and more uncomfortable and negative for the dog. As a result, the reactivity worsens and intensifies.

One element needed for a more stress-free walking experience is a comfortable, well-fitting harness for leash attachment. Safety and comfort are essential here, so look for a harness that has these features:

• E asily adjustable straps for a custom fit, so it’s comfortable but the dog can’t slip out of it by backing up.

• Nothing that restricts movement or causes chafing or rubbing.

• Multiple locations for leash attachment, providing you with choices: • A ttach the leash to the front clip to help decrease pulling.

• A ttach the leash to the back clip for traditional walking and other activities • D oes not “correct” your dog in any way — this will not help him walk easily and calmly.

• Protects the sensitive and vital structures of your dog’s neck from injury.

THE PROFESSIONALS Keep in mind that even the best harness does not teach your dog to walk politely on a leash, or address the underlying emotions that have led to, or reinforced, the behavior of lunging and pulling. For that we need a humane, ethical, forcefree, professional dog trainer and/or behavior consultant for support and guidance.

Working on basic life skills, often in the form of training games, helps prepare both dog and person for successful and enjoyable walks… eventually. Foundational skills such as loose leash walking, recall, association games, and politely greeting other dogs and people are some of the techniques trainers use. They can be practiced indoors at first — with fewer distractions and triggers — then gradually generalized to real-life situations.

CHANGING YOUR DOG’S PERCEPTIONS When working with a reactive dog, the goal is to help her change her perceptions, or how she feels towards certain triggers. This is where association games can be so helpful.

Here’s an example of how it works. Using treats, play a fun game with your dog in front of a window, open door, or in the yard while waiting for other dogs to walk by. This teaches her that the presence of another canine is linked to positive attention and something good to eat. You can reinforce this by stopping the flow of play and treats when the other dog disappears. To be clear, you are not rewarding barking and lunging behavior. You are helping change your dog’s emotional state from “I’m upset and frustrated” to “Wow! This is awesome!” You’ll know your dog “gets it” when she looks at a passing dog, then looks at you for a treat! She is now associating the sight of another dog with fun, games and encouragement, instead of frustration.

INTERRUPT AND REDIRECT Depending on your dog’s degree of reactivity, another option for making leash walks more pleasant, while helping your dog enjoy the presence of certain stimuli, is to take the “do this instead of that” approach. In this case, you are asking for and rewarding a specific behavior. For example, when another dog (or cyclist, jogger, etc.) appears, gently ask your dog to “watch me” instead of the distraction, then reward him generously for doing so. You can also ask for any other behavior your dog knows. By redirecting him to do something that is more productive and pays off in a fun way, you’ll eventually have an easier time walking together, and will also get the great side effect of a positive conditioned response (good vibes!) around your dog’s triggers — a total win-win for all.

STRENGTHENING THE HUMAN-CANINE BOND This article covers some of the tools that can alleviate leash reactivity and help you and your pup get more enjoyment and bonding from your walks together. In time, with patience and persistence, instead of tensing at the sight of another dog, person or bicycle, you and your canine companion will embrace the opportunity to confidently practice fun new skills together. Using a force-free training philosophy, along with humane, well-designed walking gear, you can turn what were once challenging times into a chance to grow and deepen your bond with your dog.

Here’s to unleashing adventures and harnessing fun…and being part of the positive shift towards making the world a friendlier place for canine companions everywhere!

22

Animal Wellness

BUSINESS PROFILE

PointPet

— always looking for a better solution Matthew Mazi and his wife Nevenka watched their beloved dog, Tik, suffer from escalating pain in his joints. A diagnosis of arthritis had stolen Tik’s zest for life, breaking their hearts in the process. The Mazis knew there had to be a better solution for canine arthritis than anything that was currently on the market.

RESEARCH REVEALED PRODUCT DRAWBACKS After some exhaustive research, Matthew and Nevenka discovered that some hip and joint supplements, and hemp products, could give arthritic dogs relief — but they were often hard to administer and were unpalatable to dogs.

The couple also discovered a lot of low quality supplements that really weren’t helping dogs feel any better. They didn’t want other dogs and their families to go through what they did with Tik, so they decided to launch a business selling high quality supplements that were easy to administer — and that dogs actually liked.

A BETTER IDEA PointPet entered the market in 2016 with a hip and joint supplement for dogs, followed by a highly successful line of hemp products in 2017. This enabled the company to grow, improve, and expand their reach to dog parents all over the US.

Thanks to the growing popularity of their supplements, and ever-increasing numbers of satisfied customers, Matthew and Nevenka were able to welcome new employees to the PointPet family, which now consists of nine passionate animal lovers.

PointPet’s product offerings have since expanded to target most common health concerns in our animal companions, with the latest addition being a line of natural vegan supplements.

BETTER SYSTEM PRODUCES BETTER PRODUCTS The company designs their formulas in-house and tries to bring something new to the industry with every new product. They pride themselves on using natural ingredients made in the US. Their soft chews boast natural flavor with no corn, soy or wheat ingredients, and are made without heat to preserve the potency of the ingredients. They are also manufactured without water, which is better for the environment and enables the products to stay fresher, longer, without artificial preservatives.

Many of PointPet’s products are aimed at relieving hip and joint issues, but they also offer supplements to help manage anxiety, allergies, stress, immune system and gut issues, as well as skin and coat health.

Our dogs and cats are much-loved companions and PointPet’s mission is to provide all animal parents with quality products that enrich their lives. Who would want anything less for our furry best friends?

Animal Wellness

23

HEALTH WATCH

TOP 12 PET CANCER PREVENTION TIPS While cancer is increasingly common in dogs and cats, it’s not all bad news. There are plenty of things you can do to minimize the chances of your four-legged friend developing the disease.

Read on for Morris Animal Foundation’s top 12 ways to help prevent cancer in your dog or cat.

1 2

Avoid second-hand smoke Does your dog or cat live in a household with smokers? Evidence suggests that cancer risk is increased in animals exposed to environmental tobacco. Keep your home a smoke-free zone.

Research suggests that obesity is a risk factor for cancer.

Feeding a poor quality or imbalanced diet may also be linked to an increased cancer risk.

Become an expert on your animal's breed(s) Did you know that certain breeds of dogs and cats are prone to different diseases, including cancer?

Become an expert on the diseases that are common in your companion’s breed.

5

Schedule regular checkups

Light skin pigmentation combined with lots of time outside can increase the risk for some cancers. Make sure your dog or cat can get out of the sun, and avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight when it’s strongest, around midday.

Reports of cancer related to asbestos exposure occur in animals as well as humans. If removing this substance from a home, keep your dog or cat away from the area for the duration of the process.

More than one study has suggested that adding vegetables to an animal’s diet may help decrease cancer risk.

8

Examine him once a month

9

Avoid lawn chemicals

Look in your animal’s mouth and ears, run your hands along his body, and note any changes; early detection is the best way to treat many diseases, including cancer.

Keep your animal away from applied lawn products, and don’t use them in your own yard.

10

Exercise your animal regularly

11

Minimize exposure to paints and solvents

12

Get to know your dog or cat

Regular checkups allow your veterinarian to perform a complete physical examination, which can identify abnormalities as well as establish a baseline that can be used for later comparisons.

Limit exposure to sunlight

Prevent asbestos exposure

7 Add vegetables to his diet

Monitor his weight

3 4

6

Get him moving! Regular exercise will keep him mentally stimulated and in shape, and help lower the chance of health problems.

One recently published study suggests a possible association between these chemicals and cancer.

Try to keep your dog or cat in another room when using these products.

Behavior changes are often a signal that he isn’t feeling well. Watch your animal, and learn his sleeping and eating habits. A shift in demeanor could be an early sign of disease.

www.morrisanimalfoundation.org

24

Animal Wellness

ADVERTORIAL

Creating Healthy Meals for your Dog — even if you're strapped for time We all want our dogs to be healthy, but let’s face it — busy schedules sometimes interfere with our ability to create wholesome meals for ourselves, and our furry family members.

While raw, homemade food would likely be the ideal choice if we did have time and access to all the ingredients, the cost of buying and accessing select ingredients these days can also be a deterrent. Sometimes, we just have to admit we can’t do it all.

There is a solution, though. If you were to swap 25% of your dog’s daily diet with fresh foods, such as nutrient-dense raw proteins, fruits and vegetables, including freeze dried sources, that would mean you’ve cut down on ultra-processed food and replaced it with higher quality nutrition. Even at 20-25%, recent studies show that this amount could make a significant positive impact on the long-term health and well-being of your beloved canine, and most likely easier for you to manage.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT MIXER If you’re going to mix fresher whole foods into your dog’s bowl,,bear in mind that some whole food brands boast a better nutritional profile than others. Look to a trusted source, such as award-winning Side by Side pet food, to really come through for your fur babies in terms of nutrition and safety.

As their website states, Side by Side’s human grade food is “better than homemade”, with the

addition of species-appropriate ingredients like organ meat and ground bones, as well as other nutrients that provide a complete and balanced whole food diet for your dog.

MINIMAL PROCESSING Prolonged high-heat cooking destroys important enzymes, vitamins and minerals, and many additional nutrients. Side by Side’s freeze-drying process locks in the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients, giving your dog’s digestive system the best chance at absorbing the high quality nourishment in every bowl.

In addition, Side by Side uses whole food ingredients you know and trust, these ingredients are primarily sourced in the U.S., and include nutrition rich foods like duck, wild salmon, parsley, seed blends, chamomile flowers and pumpkin, to round out a wholesome blend.

YOU WANT THE BEST FOR YOUR DOG We can’t be all things to all people — or all dogs. But there is one simple thing we can do to ease our minds and support our much-loved canines. If just one-quarter of your dog’s meal features a high quality food like Side by Side, the potential health effects are substantial and could make the difference between a healthy companion and an unhealthy one. So why not give yourself and your dog a break and try something simple yet nutritious? www.sidebysidepet.com Animal Wellness

25

CRAFTS YOU CAN DO WITH YOUR DOG

by Tonya Wilhelm

Release your dog’s inner artist with these two fun craft ideas.

ONE

We love our dogs and can’t seem to get enough of them! Dogs have their own social media accounts, blogs, and even birthday parties. Isn’t it time to release their inner artist as well? These two easy dog crafts are not only a lot of fun, but a great way to spend quality time with your four-legged friend.

PAW PRINT Supplies

PROJECT

• Non-toxic pet-friendly paints

• Foam or regular paint brushes

• Shallow plastic container

• Heavy card stock or canvas

• Clipboard if using card stock

• Drop cloth

• Towels

26

• Bowl of non-toxic dog shampoo and water

Animal Wellness

Instructions Before beginning, trim your dog’s nails and any hair he may have between his paw pads. This will help create a nice print.

1

Know that your dog will have paint on his feet, so it’s important to think about the location you’re doing to the project in. Place a drop cloth on the ground to avoid too much mess. You can use an actual painting drop cloth or an old sheet or tablecloth.

2

Tip: Having your dog on his harness and leash will help prevent him from running off with painted feet. It’s a great idea to have a helper.

If you decide to use card stock, place it on a clipboard. This will give the painting surface with more stability. It's also a nice way to practice since it’s inexpensive.

3

Prepare your clean-up supplies before you start. Put some dog shampoo in a bowl of water. Have lots of towels ready (you can never have too many towels) along with an easily accessible tray to hold your paints and brushes. You can place the latter in a baking dish to keep them all together and eliminate spills. It could get messy once you start!

4

There are two main ways you can use the paint. You can either dab it onto your dog's paw pads, or you can have him place his feet in the paint. Either will work, and they produce different effects. Painting his pads will get a cleaner print. If you are looking for a thicker, messier look, having him put his feet in the paint will help achieve that goal.

Personally, I find dabbing paint onto the dog’s paw with a sponge creates optimal control of the project.

5

If you have a helper, ask them to talk to your dog and even provide some tasty treats while you gently pick up one paw and dab paint on the pads. You can use one color, or paint each pad a different color.

6

When your dog’s pads are covered, press his foot straight down on the paper or canvas.

Try not to wiggle it around too much. Lift the paw straight up, away from the paper. If there are smudges, don’t worry, it’s just part of your dog’s style.

7

You can then repaint your dog’s pad with the same colors or choose something different. If you are going to use different colors, clean his paw first with the shampoo and water. After all the paint is removed, take another towel and dry his pads.

8

9

Repeat the above process to create as many prints in as many colors as you want!

Tip: If your dog gets fidgety before you’re finished, take a break. You want this to be fun for him too.

Allow your dog’s painting to fully dry. It can be hung as is, or you can paint around the paw prints to add your own touch. People often create flowers from their dogs’ prints, for example. It’s really up to you!

10

TWO

LICKY ART

PROJECT

Supplies

• Large freezer bag

• Small canvas

• Non-toxic paints

• Dog-friendly food that’s sticky

Instructions The first step is to rub dog-friendly sticky foods on one side of the freezer bag. It could be coconut oil, honey, peanut butter, etc. Your goal is for the food to be safe for your dog while also sticking to the bag instead of slipping off. The more you cover the bag, the more your dog will lick it, creating a masterpiece! By using a freezer bag, you make it less likely your dog will bite through to the canvas.

1

Squeeze various colors of paint across your canvas. You can apply it in drops, lines, squiggles, or whatever you wish. Place the paint-covered canvas inside the freezer bag with the licky stuff on top, taking care not to let the bag rub against the paints too much, and seal it shut.

2

Give the Gift of Dog A fun idea is to create new pieces around special occasions and holidays, and give them as gifts to fellow dog-lovers.

But don't stop there. Once your dog has made a unique creation, scan it. You can then create custom cards, T-shirts, and more. Just hop on the Internet and look for print-ondemand shops. The ideas are endless!

28

Animal Wellness

Tip: If your dog has long ears, you may want to put a dog snood on him to hold his ears flat to his head; this will prevent him from getting messy!

Now comes the fun part. Show your dog the project and encourage him to lick the freezer bag. You may need to cheer him on a bit if he seems hesitant at first. But don't worry; once he gets a taste, he will go to town on it.

3

Allow your dog to lick the bag clean. Once he’s finished, carefully remove the canvas from the bag, trying not to rub the painting against the plastic.

4

Allow the painting to fully dry — and voila!

Instant dog art! If you like, you can also add your dog’s paw print as a “signature”.

5

Hemp My Pet

ADVERTORIAL

What does

“Strain Specific”mean?

Not all cannabis (hemp) is created equal. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of different cannabis cultivars in the world. Cannabis itself is made up of thousands of compounds, including terpenes and cannabinoids.

These two compounds, along with flavonoids and tocopherols, work together synergistically in what is known as the “entourage effect”. The entourage effect changes with each genetic strain because the profile of the terpenes and cannabinoids differs in each strain. Certain strains will produce certain benefits from the profile of its compounds; if the profile changes, the results may change as well.

TERPENE AND CANNABINOID PROFILES Terpenes not only make up the smell and flavor of the plant but also contain many health-related beneficial properties. Thousands of terpenes have been documented thus far, existing in a range of plants from citrus fruits to pine trees. Terpenes contain antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. They play a role in offering “relevant protection under oxidative stress conditions in different diseases, including liver, renal, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, as well as in aging processes.”

Another aspect of hemp products that needs to be considered is the

HOW DO YOU KNOW IF A PRODUCT IS STRAIN SPECIFIC? •

Make sure the company is vertically integrated, meaning they handle everything from farming to the final product.

•

Ensure they are using a full spectrum oil. Otherwise, the oil will be void of certain compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, tocopherols, and tetrahydrocannabinol.

•

Look for the strain name on the product — for example, Cherry Abacus or Charlotte’s Web. These are names of actual strains used in the product.

cannabinoid profile. Both the cannabinoid and terpene profile make up the genomic fingerprint of the hemp plant. The cannabinoid profile represents the active cannabinoids in that specific strain, as well as the concentration between cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol. Hemp strains can vary from a few cannabinoids to hundreds, depending upon the purpose of the product.

THE ENTOURAGE EFFECT The entourage effect comes into play when a myriad of ingredients are combined to exert a synergistic effect, including cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, terpenes, phytocanabinoids, and tetrahydrocannabinol.

When all these ingredients are combined, they have a much stronger effect on the body than isolated cannabinoids do on their own.

HempMy Pet™ uses their own genetic line of Cherry Abacus™ hemp that is bred and produced at their local farm in Colorado. Their full-spectrum hemp

Cultivar specificity ensures you will receive the same product time after time, and animals will have consistency in the way their bodies respond to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hemp. If you are using hemp that is not cultivar specific, you could be doing a trial-and-error experiment every time you order a new bottle.

extract combines CBD, CBG, CBC, terpenes, flavonoids, tocopherols, and under 0.03% THC to create a cultivar specific product full of bioactive, humangrade, and vegan ingredients that are beneficial for animals. The company is proud to be cultivar specific so they can ensure every customer receives the same product every time they order. Each batch is third party analyzed and tested to ensure purity, potency and safety for every animal.

Animal Wellness

29

2021

AP

PROVED

PRODUCT

PICKS

What we love: This century-old company is commited to innovation and quality.

What we love: All products come in hexane-free, brushed aluminum bottles that keep contents pure and potent.

Looking good!

Good coat health helps your dog feel better as well as look better. Using the right grooming tools goes a long way to keeping his hair and skin in good condition, while giving his coat a healthy and attractive sheen. Andis offers a selection of high quality dog grooming tools, including clippers and trimmers as well as brushes, combs, dematting and deshedding tools. For paw care, there’s also a nail grinder and nail clipper.

Pure fish oil Skin problems and allergies can be year-round concerns, but fish oil may help alleviate the discomfort and improve overall skin health.

Iceland Pure provides only the highest quality pharmaceutical-grade fish oil products for animals. Sourced from Norway and Iceland, the oils are extracted at cool temperatures to keep the fatty acids intact.

All harmful contaminants are separated and removed from the oil.

andis.com

icelandpure.com

Raw food + convenience What we love:

Available in a range of flavors, from beef and chicken to salmon, trout, lamb and turkey.

Get the benefits of a raw food diet while enjoying the convenience of feeding your dog on the go. Northwest Naturals’ Freeze Dried Diets feature all the goodness of fresh, raw ingredients in an easy-to-feed form that doesn’t need to be kept frozen. Extremely palatable and easy to break apart, they make great meals and snacks for picky animals, and can also be used as a nutritious topper for other foods.

nw-naturals.net

Microbiome support made simple Support and maintain his microbiome with a well-balanced and nutritionally adequate diet, supplemented with specific prebiotic fibers and viable probiotics. NutriSource food, along with the Good 4 Life supplement pack, offers a wide spectrum of microbiome-supporting ingredients, including live probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium, selenium yeast, the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), and more.

nutrisourcepetfoods.com/good-4-life/

30

Animal Wellness

What we love:

Also contains dried fermentation extracts of Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Bacillus subtilis.

What we love:

A study of dogs receiving behavior modification training showed that those treated with Reconcile® improved significantly over those receiving a placebo.

Effective relief for separation anxiety If your dog suffers from separation anxiety, he’s not alone — almost 20% of canines in the US have issues with separation anxiety when left home alone. Signs include destructive behavior, excessive vocalization, inappropriate elimination, and more. Reconcile® is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and shows a lot of success when used to treat separation anxiety in dogs.

Prnpharmacal.com

Treats for clean teeth If you’re looking for a safe dental treat that really works, look no further than Yummy Combs. These honeycomb-shaped treats feature deep pockets that allow your dog’s teeth to be cleaned all the way to his gumline. In addition, the 360° cleaning action removes tartar and plaque all the way around the tooth, thanks to all-natural ingredients like attapulgite clay.

What we love: They also offer an at-home test to detect bacterial imbalances in your animal.

petsbestlife.com

What we love: Also contains 12 wellness ingredients, such as honey, salmon oil, turmeric and more.

FMT in a capsule Digestive issues are a pain in more ways than once. A healthy gut microbiome helps correct them, and is vital to your dog’s overall health and well-being. DoggyBiome™ Gut Restore Supplement is a unique fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in a capsule. This veterinarianrecommended product addresses a range of chronic digestive issues and skin conditions in dogs, including diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, itchy skin, and atopic dermatitis.

AnimalBiome.com

Improve his immunity A strong immune system is one of the keys to good health. Improve your dog’s immunity and quality of life with I’M-YUNITY®, the only clinically proven proprietary and standardized extract of the medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor. It helps reduce pain and fatigue, and enhances your dog’s energy level, mobility and appetite. Get a 5% discount by using the code “wellness”.

What we love: You can read about clinical trial results and real-life cases on their website.

BuyImYunity.com

Animal Wellness

31

HEALTH WATCH

Transparency Pet Food

D gs Cats

With so many pet food companies out there, how do you know which ones are transparent when it comes to their ingredients and label claims? This DIY rating system can help you figure it out.

When you buy a package of pet food for your dog or cat, how do you know you’re getting what the label claims you are? While most premium brands are transparent about their ingredients and processing practices, some commercial pet foods may be hiding the truth about what’s actually in their products. Learning how to rate a pet food company on its transparency can help you ensure that your dog or cat is getting safe, healthy nutrition.

HOW FAR HAVE WE COME? We know from past experience that pet food labels don’t always tell the whole story about a product. One landmark

32

Animal Wellness

example occurred in 2007, when the FDA learned that melamine, imported from China in various proteins, had contaminated a number of pet food products. The result was the largest recorded pet food recall in history, along with thousands of dog and cat deaths.

Following this devastating event, the United States Congress developed the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA) to improve the safety of pet food with new regulations for labeling, ingredients, and processing standards. But despite these changes, 15 years later, many commercial pet food companies are still finding ways to hide important information from consumers. In other words, they aren’t truly transparent.

WHAT EXACTLY IS TRANSPARENCY? The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) stipulates exactly what should be printed on pet food labels.

However, true transparency goes further than that. Because what an animal eats directly affects his quality of life, you should know exactly what is in your dog or cat’s food, and that you can trust the company behind the product. True transparency is when a company has demonstrated that

they are publicly open and honest about all elements of their products — from ingredient sourcing to nutritional benefits and everything in between.

HOW TO ASSESS A PET FOOD BRAND Although there is no official transparency assessment, the chart below offers a five level rating system to help you evaluate how transparent the brand of food you give your dog or cat is.

PET FOOD TRANSPARENCY RATING SYSTEM LEVEL

WHAT TO LOOK FOR BASIC

INTERMEDIATE

The company only prints on their packaging what is required, such as ingredients, guaranteed analysis, website link and contact information.

Within the website, the company provides access to ingredient sourcing information and detailed nutritional data.

ADVANCED

Animal parents are provided with proof that label claims are not just marketing lingo used to sell a product. For example, consider the price point of a pet food in comparison to what is advertised on the label. There is a physical cost to making a good product, so if the price is too low to match key phrases such as “fresh meat” or “only the highest quality ingredients”, then it is probably too good to be true.

SUPERIOR

The company is open about what occurs “behind the scenes” throughout the manufacturing process. This could be demonstrated through a link to the recipe formula, manufacturing testimonials, or even images of the factory.

ELITE

Lab reports for each batch of pet food produced by the company are made accessible to the public, along with verification by the manufacturer that the package label matches the ingredients within the product. This guarantees that a company is in full regulatory compliance.

It’s worth taking some time to rate your dog or cat’s current food, using this chart. If the product doesn’t come up to par, consider leveling up, for the sake of your best friend’s health and well-being!

Animal Wellness

33

NEWSWORTHY

How the BOND you share with your dog can influence his SLEEP PATTERNS

Did you know that bond between dogs and their people can have profound effects on canine behavior?

Dogs see their humans as a “safe haven” and therefore look to us for protection, guidance and comfort in unfamiliar or stressful situations. The dog-human bond may even have an influence on canine sleep patterns, according to a recent study conducted by researchers at the Department of Ethology at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. Published in the journal Animals, the study looked at the quality of sleep experienced by dogs who slept in a new environment with their humans, and how it was impacted by the attachment between the dogs and their people.

ATTACHMENT BEHAVIOR AND SLEEP EEG The researchers did parallel studies of attachment behavior and sleep electroencephalography (EEG) in 42 dogs. The bond the dogs had with their people was measured using an adapted version of the Strange Situation Test, developed by psychologists to assess the human infant-mother bond. Each dog’s sleep was examined during an afternoon nap with his or her person in an unfamiliar place — the university’s sleep lab — using a completely non-invasive EEG method (similar to that used in humans).

34

Animal Wellness

"Sleep plays an important role in processes such as learning, emotion processing and development,” explains Vivien Reicher, PhD student at the university. “When a human (or dog) sleeps, it is important to sleep ‘well’. The quality of sleep can be measured by different parameters — for example, by sleep fragmentation or the length of deep sleep.”

STRONGER BONDS = BETTER SLEEP The researchers found that higher attachment scores in the study dogs were associated with more time in deep sleep, known as the most relaxing sleep phase. “Sleeping in a new place for the first time can be stressful,” says study author Cecília Carreiro. “But these results suggest that dogs with higher attachment scores sleep better, presumably because the owners provide a more secure environment for their dogs, so they can relax and have a good nap.” https://biologia.elte.hu/en/content/differences-in-the-dogowner-attachment-are-reflected-in-dogs-sleep.t.27668

In 2018, after a 12 year absence from the pet treat industry, life-long dog lovers Joe & Judy Roetheli, were focused on finding ways to improve the lives of their dogs. As Judy opened a cupboard door, a pile of rejected dog treats tumbled to the floor and an epiphany occurred like a bolt of lightning. Joe would create the ultimate dog treat – a flavor hit with dogs that happened to be great for teeth and healthy, too.

It was apparent that the pet industry was completely saturated with dog treats, chew treats, dental treats, and supplements.

There was immense sameness. And about the same time, studies documented that 80% of dogs aged three or older had some form of gum disease, but only 20% of these owners realized their dog was suffering from the disease. Could he and Judy provide dogs with a revolutionary treat that was better than anything currently on the market? What he envisioned was something like a Swiss Army Knife – a multipurpose tool that was absolutely indispensable. It had to incorporate Oral care, Nutrition, Enjoyment and Safety or as he calls it… the Revolutionary ONES. The hexagonal geometry was the perfect shape for the new dog treat. With 200+ surfaces to scrape plaque from teeth it would not only clean teeth and freshen breath, but it would also be safe dissolving quickly, deter gulping and blockages, and be packed with excellent nutrition and wellness ingredients. They patented the idea and decided to call the ingenious new product Yummy Combs®, as a tribute to the bee-inspired shape.

Joe (PhD in Agriculture) then built a dream team including Dr. Lon Lewis, one of about 100 Board-Certified Veterinary Nutritionists, and Dr. Jan Bellows, a Board-Certified Veterinary Dentist. Together they worked to produce a functional shape and a formula that was complete and balanced, containing optimum amounts of nutrition including omega 3 fatty acids, turmeric, yucca, glucosamine & chondroitin. Plus, they included other natural ingredients addressing joint and skin health, breath and digestive odors, and immune and cognitive functions.

an intestine.

At his Florida clinic, Dr. Bellows measured the JOE & JUDY ROETHELI oropharynx – or throat opening size – of the dogs at his practice. Then dogs were divided into five weight classes resulting in five sizes of Yummy Combs®.

“It’s virtually impossible for a dog to swallow a Yummy Combs® without chewing it.” says Dr Bellows. And in the unlikely event a chunk is gulped and gets lodged in the throat or intestines, Yummy Combs® has two patented built-in ways of rapidly dissolving the treat.

While everything Joe and his team went through to create the healthiest, safest treat was important, his first rule for dog treats has always been that dogs need to love the taste. Yummy Combs® has over 1,300 five-star ratings. Most are related to the great taste but others are about the ingenious oral care, excellent nutrition, and the advanced safety.

With 8 registered and 1 patents pending, Joe and Judy Roetheli and their team have achieved the ambitious goal of helping dogs live better by creating an All-in-One Dental Treat that’s so healthy and original it has defined an entirely new category in the pet section.

Then they focused on advancing the safety of dog treats. Many dog treats can be a choking hazard or potentially block Animal Wellness

35

THE FOUNDATION OF WELLNESS Uses 44% superior protein and 11 wellness ingredients to support digestion, joint care, heart health, and healthy skin and coat.

REDUCE DENTAL TARTAR AND BAD BREATH Revolutionary patented shape reduces tartar, the precursor to gum disease, by flossing and scrubbing dog’s teeth giving them a 360° clean!

Yummy Combs prides itself on its superior O.N.E.S. — ORAL CARE, NUTRITION, ENJOYMENT and SAFETY. Yummy Combs’ patented honeycomb design makes it an excellent dental treat because it simultaneously gets right to the upper and lower gumline — scrubbing away harmful tartar, the precursor to gum disease.

36

Animal Wellness

DOGS DANCE FOR THEM! Dog’s love the taste of Yummy Combs, so much that they dance for them! Dogs dance and wiggle with joy when they get their daily Yummy Combs treat.

PEACE OF MIND THROUGH PATENTED SHAPE Yummy Combs uses Advanced Safety Technology! The unique shape deters gulping which can lead to choking, and the rapidly dissolving formula reduces the trauma of blockages.

Yummy Combs uses 44% high-quality animal protein, 11 wellness ingredients and the thin-wall shape speeds up nutrient uptake.

Dogs also love the taste and will dance with joy when they see their daily Yummy Combs treat. What makes Yummy Combs truly unique is the advanced safety technology. Our rapidly dissolving formula reduces the trauma of blockages and the wide shape deters gulping, which reduces the risk of choking. Yummy Combs is a revolutionary dental treat that leads the pack in every way.

Animal Wellness

37

OTHER ADDED BENEFITS TO YUMMY COMBS TREATS INCLUDE:

DELIVERING HIGH-QUALITY AND DELICIOUS DENTAL CARE IN JUST ONE TREAT! Pet owners will go above and beyond for their dogs, so why don’t they go above and beyond for their dog's oral health?

Up to 80% of dogs have gum disease, and only 20% of owners know about it. Luckily, the next generation of revolutionary dental dog treats is here. Developed by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist, a biochemist and a doctorate in agriculture, Yummy Combs is first-in-class in oral care, nutrition, safety and enjoyment.

Yummy Combs daily dental treats are designed to chip away at tartar, the precursor to gum disease, and get right to the gumline giving dog’s teeth a 360° clean. The six-sided patented honeycomb shape flosses and scrubs teeth with superior efficacy, brightening your dog’s teeth and freshening their breath along the way.

•

40%+ superior quality animal protein used

•

All-natural, grain-free, NON-GMO, and gluten-free

•

Includes 11 wellness ingredients

•

Speeds digestion

•

Great taste (Dogs LOVE them) Patented innovation in oral care and safety

Yummy Combs only uses nutrient-dense, high-quality ingredients which help support heart health, joint care, digestive care and give your dog a healthy, shiny coat. Our treats also use Advanced Safety Technology. The six-sided shape deters gulping, which can lead to choking, and our rapidly dissolving formula deters esophageal and intestinal blockages. This makes Yummy Combs one of the healthiest and safest treats on the market.

What makes these treats stand out the most is the reaction owners see from their dogs. After dogs get their first Yummy Combs treat, it instantly becomes their favorite. No more throwing away rejected dog treats. Dogs dance with joy when they see their daily Yummy Combs treat come out of the cupboard.

When it comes to oral care, nutrition, enjoyment and safety — there’s no other treat that compares. Yummy Combs is revolutionizing the dental treat world, and your dog is just waiting to try one.

A of

GUESS HOW MANY

ARE ON THIS YUMMY COMB?

MAKE SURE TO COUNT BOTH SIDES SUBMIT YOUR GUESS AT: 38

Animal Wellness

CBD

FOCUS ON CBD

Can

Help Dogs with Cancer?

While the research is limited to date, in vitro studies are showing that CBD may be effective against certain cancer cell lines in dogs.

by Robert J. Silver, DVM, MS

You may have heard that cannabidiol (CBD) is good for cancer in dogs. Stories abound about dogs with hopeless diagnoses of terminal cancer living far beyond their predicted survival dates, thanks to CBD. But are they true? What does the evidence we have so far tell us about the ability of CBD to address cancer in our dogs?

IN VITRO STUDIES A search of the published scientific literature doesn’t reveal any clinical trials that have examined CBD’s ability to help dogs with cancer, although in time, these studies will be conducted. In the meantime, several in vitro studies have been published in which canine cancer cells, grown in tissue culture, were exposed to CBD. Their growth was observed and important cell-signaling molecules analyzed to understand better how the CBD acted on the cancer cells.

• One of two recently-published in vitro studies looked at the effects of CBD and unprocessed CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) on five established canine cancer cell lines: breast cancer, B-cell lymphoma, and three types of osteosarcoma. They found that CBD was able to affect the growth of all of five cancer cell lines, although CBDA had no effect. The dosages of CBD that were effective in vitro point to the use of much higher doses when used in dogs with cancer.

When the researchers compared a full-spectrum hemp extract to pure CBD isolate, they found that the hemp extract was able to reduce the growth of cancer cells better than pharmaceutically purified single agent CBD. One part of this experiment looked at the interaction between chemotherapeutic agents and CBD on the canine cancer cell lines, and found that one type of chemo agent, vincristine, worked better than the other they looked at (doxorubicin).1 • A second study examined the effect of CBD on a canine cancer cell line responsible for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. It also examined the interaction between CBD and four established chemo agents for this cancer cell type — piroxicam, mitoxantrone, carboplatin and vinblastine. The results

showed that CBD alone was able to increase cancer cell deaths, and when used in combination with mitoxantrone and vinblastine was able to increase cancer cell deaths even more than when either CBD or chemo agents were used alone. No benefits were measured for the use of CBD in combination with either piroxicam or carboplatin.

A HIGHER DOSE IS NEEDED A reasonable starting dose in a dog with cancer would be 0.5 mg CBD/pound of body weight, given twice daily with some food before each meal. You can safely double that dose, based on published safety studies, but liver enzymes need to be monitored for safety.

Cancer comes in many different cell types, and given the limited information from these two studies, it is clear that the successful use of CBD depends on the cancer cell type’s susceptibility, the dosage of CBD administered, and the use of whole plant extracts, which may work better than isolated pharmaceutical CBD. _____________________________________________ Henry, J.G., Shoemaker, G., Prieto, J.M., Hannon, M.B., Wakslag, J.J. The effect of cannabidiol on canine neoplastic cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation during autophagy and apoptosis. Vet Comp Oncol. 2020;e12669.

1

Animal Wellness

39

ANIMAL ACUPRESSURE

D gs Cats

Supporting your dog or cat's digestion with acupressure

BY AMY SNOW AND NANCY ZIDONIS

A good diet and healthy digestive system are vital to your dog or cat’s well-being. Here’s why, along with an acupressure session that will help improve and maintain the health of his GI tract.

When it comes to our dogs and cats, a species-appropriate diet helps support good digestion. Knowing the difference between a carnivorous and omnivorous diet is a good place to start, along with a basic understanding of how your animal’s digestive system works — and how acupressure can be used to further support those processes and boost your dog or cat’s health and well-being.

CARNIVORES, OMNIVORES, AND OTHER DEFINITIONS

Carnivores: Dogs and cats are considered carnivores because they are monogastric, which means they have a single stomach. They also have sharp, pointy teeth designed to rip meat off bones, and their jaws are so strong they can tear the meat with a shearing action. As carnivores, cats and dogs are very much alike in these respects.

digestive systems, their ancestral, biological imperatives differ when it comes to specific amounts of certain nutrients.

Protein obligates: Cats are protein obligates, which means a high percentage of their diet must be meat, fish, or another high quality protein.

They need very few vegetables or grains. In fact, the only plant matter a cat needs is about the size of what the mouse has left in its stomach when it becomes the cat’s dinner. People often say their cats are picky eaters but it may be for a good reason.

Kittens in the wild are taught by their mothers how to hunt and what’s safe to eat. The food you think might be ideal may not be the best for your cat, and she knows it. As protein obligates, cats know they need real meat, fish, and organs to be healthy.

Hint: If your cat is “finicky”, it probably means you are not offering enough of the foods she deems edible.

Omnivores:

Opportunivores:

An animal with the ability to eat and digest both plant and animal matter is considered an omnivore. Dogs are omnivores as well as carnivores; however, cats are omnivorous to only a limited extent. Even though both species have the same

On the other hand, dogs can readily digest many forms of plant matter along with meat, fish proteins, and any other food they can find. Dogs can gobble and digest chunks of food with ease and are far less discriminating than cats. This is why stray dogs

40

Animal Wellness

can survive on the streets for quite some time; when they’re hungry, they’ll track down a discarded burrito or a piece of fried chicken and eat it voraciously. Because of this, dogs can be considered “opportunivores” as well as carnivores and omnivores, because they have the ability to thrive on a wide variety of foods.

ACUPRESSURE SESSION: DIGESTION TUNE-UP Along with feeding your dog or cat a healthy, speciesappropriate diet, you can also take a few minutes every day to give him an acupressure session that supports the motility of his digestive tract and the absorption of the bioavailable nutrients created during the digestive process. It will ensure his Stomach Chi performs optimally for the maintenance of good health, and can also be used to contribute to the harmonious flow of Stomach Chi if he’s under veterinary care.

Hint: If your dog or cat is showing any signs of digestive issues, such as repetitive vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, lethargy, loss of muscle tone, frequent undigested food in the feces, and food avoidance, it’s important to take him to the veterinarian for assessment.

How to do

Acupressure Use the soft tip of your thumb or forefinger, and press lightly on the acupressure points shown in the charts on the next page. Stay on each point for a slow count of 20 before moving to the next. Once you have completed all the acupressure points on one side of your cat or dog, repeat them on the opposite side.

Key acupoints Stomach 36 (St 36), Leg 3 Miles:

Considered the Master point for the stomach and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. When your animal is showing any signs of indigestion, such as loose stools, stimulating this acupoint can help restore healthy functioning of the stomach and GI tract as a whole. St 36 is located on the outside (lateral side) of the animal’s hind leg below the stifle (knee) toward the front of the leg.

The process of digestion

The canine and feline monogastric digestive system is relatively short because meat is easy to digest.

1

2

The digestive process takes from around eight to 12 hours and begins at the point of ingestion, where the teeth shred the meat into pieces while saliva mixes in and begins the chemical breakdown of the food.

Conception Vessel 12 (CV 12), Middle Stomach Cavity:

A powerful acupoint that regulates and strengthens the stomach and spleen. Because of this action, CV 12 relieves digestive issues. This acupoint is located on your animal’s ventral (lower) midline halfway between the xiphoid process (the cartilage at the end of the ribs) and the umbilicus (belly button).

Looking after your dog or cat’s digestion is one of the top ways to keep him healthy and happy. Diet and acupressure can work together to help you achieve this important goal.

The meat then travels down the esophagus to the stomach via a muscular, wavelike, peristaltic movement. Once in the stomach, the meat is bathed in hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen to break it down into liquid slurry.

Bl 20

CV 12

3

St 36

This slurry leaves the stomach and passes through the duodenum (a muscular structure) to the small intestine, where bile produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder breaks down the fats so they can be absorbed. The pancreas secretes enzymes that neutralize the acidic slurry, and further breaks down proteins, fats, and sugars. The small intestine is critical to the digestive process because this is where the bioavailable nutrients are absorbed.

Hint: The lining of the small intestine has little projections called “villi” that serve to absorb proteins, fluid, electrolytes, and enzymes.

Sp 3 Medial

Lateral

Lateral

Bl 20

CV 12

St 36 Sp 3

Lateral

Lateral

Lateral

Medial

Points

Location / Function

Bl 20

4

The large intestine, or colon, is next in line and is where body fluids and electrolytes are further absorbed and feces are formed.

1.5 inches off the dorsal midline at the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra.

CV 12

On the ventral midline, 1/2 between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus.

St 36

5

The last stop before waste is excreted is the rectum and anus. This is where the feces are stored until the dog or cat has the urge to move his bowels.

Lateral aspect of hind leg, one finger-breadth lateral to the tibial crest.

Sp 3

On the medial aspect of hind leg above the metatarsophalangeal joint, on the medial side of the 2nd metacarpal bone. © Copyright Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources All Rights Reserved 1995 - Current www.animalacupressure.com

42

Animal Wellness

HOLISTIC HEALING

Complementary therapies for

D gs Cats

mast cell tumors in dogs and cats

BY JUDY MORGAN, DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT

Among the most common cancers in companion animals, mast cell tumors respond well to lifestyle changes and complementary therapies, from vitamins to herbs to medicinal mushrooms.

No one wants to hear that their dog or cat has a mast cell tumor. Unfortunately, this type of cancer is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs and the second most common in cats. Mast cell tumors are usually found in middle-aged animals, but can occur at any age. On the plus side, treatment options are improving the prognosis for these malignancies, and complementary therapies can be very beneficial.

HOW THE DISEASE DIFFERS BETWEEN DOGS AND CATS DOGS: Boxers and Boston terriers make up about 50% of all canine cases of mast cell tumors; other dog breeds commonly affected include pugs, bull mastiffs, cocker spaniels, bull terriers, fox terriers, Staffordshire terriers, golden and Labrador retrievers, bulldogs, beagles, Schnauzers and Weimaraners. In dogs, mast cell tumors are most often found on the trunk of the body, followed by the limbs, and are less likely to be found on the head and neck. Those located on the limbs, head, and neck are more likely to have a favorable prognosis than those found on the trunk or groin.

CATS: Siamese cats are the breed most commonly associated with the development of mast cell tumors. The tumors are most often found on the head and neck, followed by the extremities.

44

Animal Wellness

Lesions on the head and neck are less aggressive than those on the extremities, and may spontaneously regress.

Note: Mast cell disease of the internal organs can also occur; this is a more aggressive form which is often preceded by tumors on the skin. Animals with internal mast cell cancer may show loss of appetite, vomiting, lethargy, bloody vomit or stools, and lymph node enlargement.

DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING Once a mast cell tumor is diagnosed using cytology (looking at cells under the microscope), the stage of disease must be determined. Full-body imaging (radiographs, ultrasound, CT scan) may be done to look for spread to other organs. Surgical removal of the tumor is recommended if it’s in an area where clear margins are obtainable. The tumor is removed and submitted for microscopic analysis and grading.

Tumors submitted for biopsy will be graded I, II or III, or may be reported as either low- or high-grade tumors. Unfortunately, histologic assessment is prone to operator subjectivity, giving rise to extremely variable grading results for the same tumor among different pathologists.

Note: In one study that involved ten pathologists evaluating the same tumors, only four of 60 malignancies were given the same grade by all ten pathologists. The low- or high-grade scheme has less variability and more predictability for prognosis.

CONVENTIONAL TREATMENTS Low-grade or Grade I tumors are less likely to reoccur or spread to other sites, whereas high-grade or Grade III tumors are more aggressive and may warrant aggressive treatment such as chemotherapy or radiation. Chemotherapy efficacy can be low, however, and is most often used to limit regrowth of an incompletely removed tumor, or in cases of metastasis or primary tumors in internal organs. Less than 20% of all mast cell tumor cases are Grade 3. Dogs with multiple skin mast cell tumors may not have a worse prognosis than a dog with only one, if they are all low-grade.

Traditional treatments for mast cell tumors include the use of antihistamines (diphenhydramine/Benadryl), antacids (famotidine/Pepcid or omeprazole/Prilosec), and corticosteroids (prednisone). Side effects can include increased

g n i d n a t s r e d n u

s r o m u t l l e c t s ma

Mast cell tumors are the great imitators; they may appear as a skin tag that looks benign, a lump under the skin, or an angry ulcerated lesion on the skin. They may grow and shrink, only to enlarge again later. In short, it is impossible to know whether the mass you are seeing on your dog or cat is a mast cell tumor without looking at its cells under a microscope, so it’s important to take him to the veterinarian. These cells can be obtained with an impression smear if the skin is broken, or a fine needle aspirate from a lump under the skin. When stained, the cells are easy to identify due to the presence of dark blue to purple granules within them. These granules contain histamine, heparin, and enzymes.

Animal Wellness

45

or decreased appetite, increased thirst and urination, kidney and liver damage, and gastrointestinal ulceration, making longterm use of these medications undesirable.

COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES Complementary therapies can be extremely beneficial for treating dogs and cats with mast cell tumors. The goal is to decrease the inflammation and histamine release within the body. The following regimen, implemented under the guidance of a holistic or integrative vet, includes lifestyle changes as well as alternative treatment options.

Decrease stress in your dog or cat’s life — this includes dealing with any anxiety, boredom, or frustration Your animal’s diet should be hypoallergenic and low in carbohydrates. For many dogs and cats, this may mean avoiding chicken or beef. From a TCVM (Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine) perspective, pork, rabbit, duck, or cold-water fish would be good protein choices.

Quercetin is considered nature’s Benadryl; it can be combined with nettles and bromelain to decrease itching and histamine release.

Probiotics can help restore the skin and gut microbiome to decrease inflammation and improve the immune system.

Cannabidiol (CBD oil) can help reduce inflammation and support a healthy immune system.

Plant sterols are natural steroids, and can be used in place of prednisone in most cases. Phytosterols suppress the release of Interleukin 4 (IL-4) so histamine is not released.

Beta-glucans found in mushrooms help regulate the inflammatory response, inhibit tumor growth and spread, and induce cancer cell death (apoptosis).

Medicinal mushrooms include Cordyceps, Shiitake, Maitake, Reishi, Chaga, and Turkey Tail.

The Chinese herbal formula Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Stasis in the Mansion of the Blood) contains ten herbs; it promotes blood flow to the skin, bringing immune cells that can destroy cancer cells. This formula can be given orally and used topically in a paste with vitamin E or aloe.

Turmeric helps move blood and has anti-cancer effects.

Combining turmeric with black pepper and a fat will help with absorption.

Antioxidant and cancer-fighting herbs that can be added to the diet include basil and ginger.

46

Animal Wellness

Omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation.

Options include fish oil, phytoplankton, algae oil, calamari oil, and krill oil.

Have your animal’s vitamin D levels tested. Most dogs and cats with cancer have low vitamin D levels. This vitamin has been proven to have anticancer effects.

Vitamin A is a powerful antioxidant and is found in broccoli, spinach, carrots, eggs, mushrooms, and fish.

Note: Avoid over-stimulating your animal’s immune system. Most holistic veterinarians will recommend that dogs and cats diagnosed with mast cell cancer no longer receive vaccinations. Also avoid pesticides and synthetic ingredients in pet food, and make sure he gets plenty of exercise to support his emotional well-being.

Having your dog or cat diagnosed with a mast cell tumor is frightening, but a holistic or integrative approach to his treatment will help improve his prognosis and quality of life, and keep him with you longer.

l l e c t s a m w o H tumors form Mast cells are normal inflammatory cells derived from bone marrow and found in most tissues of the body, most notably the skin and linings of the digestive tract, lungs, mouth, and nose. They are involved in allergic reactions within the body, releasing histamine granules when triggered. This causes swelling, redness, and itching in the surrounding tissue. Mast cell tumors can release large amounts of histamine when stimulated by bumping, scratching, or other irritation.

Risk factors that contribute to the disease include mutation of the mast cell’s c-KIT gene, resulting in excessive expression of c-KIT protein, thereby increasing the replication and division of cells. This mutation is present in approximately 15% to 40% of mast cell tumors and is more common in highergrade, more aggressive tumors. Two other mutations contributing to tumor development occur in genes coding for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and/or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGRF). New therapies are being investigated for targeting these genes.

ADVERTORIAL

ODOR ELIMINATION MADE SIMPLE

— and permanent We love our fur darlings so much, but with all that love and fun comes the occasional downside — such as odors. Many products on the market make a lot of promises, but do not deliver. Most just mask odors. Unfortunately, masking Rover’s accident with an artificial floral scent does nothing to improve the situation. On the contrary, it just creates a toxic affront to your senses and his.

Enter BioFog’s SCOE10X. This odor eliminator doesn’t just mask bad smells; it actually eats the bacteria that create the odor. You might be thinking: “Sure, but it’s likely full of chemicals and toxins.” You’d be wrong. SCOE10X is absolutely safe for you and your animals, as well as your furniture.

SCOE10X’s biodegradable-enzymatic formula isn’t like any other product on the market. It’s actually a probiotic, like the capsule you’d get from a health food store to balance your gut bacteria. It latches onto the biological compounds of an odor to attack and destroy all odor-causing properties. It annihilates bacterial food sources, eliminating the smell forever. Your carpet will look and smell as if that little nightmare never happened.

This powerful odor eliminator works to permanently eradicate animal excretion odors, as well as other organic smells such as smoke, fuel, vomit, perspiration, rotting garbage and even the neighborhood skunk.

SCOE10X is safe to use indoors or outdoors, on any animal or plant, and can even be applied directly to your dog or cat. It has none of the potentially dangerous fragrances, alcohol or solvents that other products use. It’s also safe to use on any colorfast materials, including wood, concrete, metal, plastic, leather or fabric.

As if that isn’t enough, you can breathe a sigh of relief knowing that SCOE10x is a green product and is completely non-toxic, hypoallergenic and biodegradable. It also boasts a shelf life of two years. In fact, BioFOG believes so strongly in their product that they’re offering a 100% odor elimination guarantee, or your money back!

So don’t despair if Felicia the Feline decides to move her litterbox to your favorite chair, or Connor the Canine eats something nasty and then brings it back up on your carpet. It won’t matter if Darling Toulouse decides to mark your living room as his own, or if Bashful Bowser eats Darling Toulouse’s cat food and is lamenting it on your new sofa. SCOE10X has your back! https://scoe10x.com/ Animal Wellness

47

ADVERTORIAL

Why Do Dogs

Eat Grass?

If you’ve noticed your dog snacking on grass, you probably want to know why and whether it’s okay.

There are lots of reasons dogs eat grass, and for the most part, it’s not dangerous for them. However, frequent grass eating can indicate an underlying health condition you may need to investigate. Let’s consider the top three reasons dogs eat grass and how you can help break the habit.

3. EATING GRASS AND GUT BACTERIA

Your dog’s gut microbiome is the community of intestinal bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other tiny organisms. The bacteria help with digestion, disease prevention, nutrient absorption, and key parts of your dog’s immune system function.

1. DOGS EAT GRASS BECAUSE OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES

Grass can be a source of vitamins, minerals, and most importantly, fiber, so frequent grass-eating could be a sign of a nutritional deficiency.

You can address nutrient deficiencies by switching to a high-fiber diet or by adding a fiber supplement such as psyllium husk powder into your dog’s food. You can also add a supplement with prebiotics and probiotics such as DoggyBiome S. boulardii + FOS Powder, which improves both gut health and immune functions.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are tiny soluble fibers that beneficial gut bacteria love to feed on, so this fosters a re-balancing of good bacteria in the gut.

2. BEHAVIORAL REASONS FOR EATING GRASS

Some dogs eat grass if they're bored, anxious, trying to get your attention, or because they just like the texture and taste. For example, a 2019 study showed younger dogs and neutered dogs are more prone to boredom and attention-seeking behavior and are also more likely to have pica (eating grass and other non-food items).

WHY DO DOGS EAT GRASS AND VOMIT? Some dogs do vomit after eating grass, but chances are the dog was already feeling unwell beforehand. If this happens often, it may be a sign of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or another serious health condition. Talk with your veterinarian to learn more.

Many things can impact dog gut health, and microbiome testing with a DoggyBiome™ Gut Health Test can help you identify bacterial imbalances in your dog’s gut microbiome. There are many ways to restore your dog’s gut health if an imbalance is present, including diet, probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics.

Visit Doggybiome.com for tools, resources, articles, and products to help you support your dog’s optimal gut health.

Here are some tips for enforcing alternative behaviors:

WHY EATING GRASS CAN BE RISKY

•

Reduce boredom with more play, mental stimulation, and exercise, especially with active breeds and younger dogs. Re-direct grass-eating with a toy or a walk.

Eating grass can put your dog at risk because: •

Herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, and other toxic chemicals are sometimes present on grass

•

Ignore attention-seeking behavior (if you think that’s the cause) and/or reward your dog when they respond to your commands to stop.

•

Intestinal parasites like parvo or worms can be on grass

•

Avoid your dog’s favorite patches of grass for a few weeks.

•

Plant eating is bad in general because the dog could eat something toxic.

48

Animal Wellness

NEED TO KNOW

5

Best

dog beds for

back and joint problems

BY ERIN MULLEN

Just like us, dogs need a comfortable place to lie down when their backs or joints are sore. Picking the right style of bed will help your four-legged friend rest easier.

When your dog is in pain, so are you. A variety of ailments plague the canine, but pain of any kind is a high on the list.

Whether he has back, hip, joint or neck problems, you want to do whatever is necessary to reduce your dog’s discomfort, and choosing the right bed for him is an important part of the equation. Let’s take a look at the five best bed types for dogs with back or joint pain.

1

Bolster beds with a back are a top

contender. This type of bed is usually flat with a partial ring of cushion that provides an area for the dog to lean against. This style of bed is excellent for a few reasons. First, dogs that may struggle to get comfortable don’t have to hold themselves in any particular position since they can lie flat and lean into the bolster, taking all the supporting muscle groups out to pasture for a while. This often creates a sense of security as well. A bolster bed also allows the dog to brace himself when he tries to get back up, and prevents uncontrolled rolling, which can both physically hurt and alarm the dog. Additionally, canines with neck problems can extend their head over the bolster, if it’s low enough, and find an angle that is both comfortable and supportive.

2

Rectangular or round flat beds

are another option that can be ideal because of their sheer simplicity. They are easy to get in and out of, and they don’t allow the dog to become wedged. A dog can assume almost any position in this type of bed, if it is sized appropriately for him, thus giving him a large range of options for finding the most agreeable way to sleep.

These beds are also easily washed, a good feature for dogs whose health problems may cause accidents.

A bolster bed allows the dog to brace himself when he tries to get up, and prevents uncontrolled rolling.

Animal Wellness

49

3

Donut beds, or circular beds with a dropped center, can be a good

4

Elevated dog beds with a meshtype bottom may be useful for dogs that

choice as well — though it depends heavily on the bed itself as well as the dog’s specific health problems. If a dog can only sleep in a curled position, then the donut bed may hold him in that position and allow him to drop the use of supportive muscle groups for complete body rest. However, if he struggles with knee or hip issues, he may have a hard time getting into and out of this type of bed. It could also force a position that is not comfortable for him. Make sure to choose a bed with enough firmness and support in the base cushion to prevent your dog from sinking too far into it; this can make it more difficult for him to get up and can increase his discomfort while resting. In summary, this bed is slightly more limited but could be the perfect fit for certain types of problems.

have problems bending their limbs due to pain from arthritis or injury. Being able to step directly onto the bed can help these dogs into a lying down position, and assist them in getting up again. This is especially true for tall or large breed dogs who may find it difficult to get up and down. As well, dogs experiencing discomfort or pain are often overly warm, even in cold temperatures, and the mesh under these beds may increase air flow and improve their overall comfort level.

5

Memory foam dog beds are usually

made by mattress manufacturers. They can be exceptionally comfy because the cushion composition has been designed for humans, which means a great deal of thought and research has gone into their creation. One of these beds can help give a dog overall support when lying down, and allow for a more restful sleep by removing pressure points and distributing his weight correctly. These beds are also often thick, which prevents the cushion from eventually sinking and reducing the bed’s effectiveness.

Dog bed design involves far more than aesthetics.

Choosing the right style, shape and composition can make all the difference in helping a dog with pain become as comfortable as possible, allowing for adequate rest and an increased quality of life. With a little research, and perhaps a few dog/parent shopping trips, you’ll be able to find the right fit for your own canine companion!

50

Animal Wellness

ADVERTORIAL

is setting new trends in

LUXURY CANINE FASHION

Our dogs are family, so we want to give them the best in life. Canine fashion is a major part of that, and one company is leveling up in a big way to help you and your dog look — and feel awesome! The first matching dog and human accessories brand that doesn’t compromise on style, Dogily is on a mission to provide fashionably elevated premium silk pet accessories that are both comfortable and timeless — and that allow you and your dog to step out in elegance every time you go for a walk together.

production process to reduce waste and pollution.

Their packaging is made with non-plastic materials, and even the scarves themselves are good for Mother Nature, because silk is a natural fabric that doesn’t shed microplastics when put in the wash.

“As dog lovers, we were tired of seeing the same cheap, lower-end fashion pet accessories that didn’t make us or our dogs look or feel good,” says Cindy Lee, Dogily’s Director of Marketing. “We want to empower people to view pet accessories differently, as something that can be high quality and stylish.”

SCARVES FOR EVERY OCCASION

MADE FROM NATURAL SILK From its inception, Dogily has focused on creating chic, high quality matching scarf sets so you and your dog can become the most stylish duo on the block.

The company also puts a lot of emphasis on comfort, so that consumers — both human and canine — will adore wearing their scarves. Most dog apparel brands use thick, rough, synthetic textiles that can be abrasive and uncomfortable, but Dogily uses only silk, a soft and luxurious natural fabric that’s not only durable but also easy on the skin.

EARTH-FRIENDLY AS WELL AS STYLISH Dogily also takes pride in being a sustainable company, and uses only eco-friendly materials in their

The company aims to make a further impact on society and the world by partnering with i=Change and donating $1 of every sale to projects that help animals, women and the environment.

Dogily’s collection features three elegant designs that come in a hair scarf and scrunchie for you, and a matching square scarf for your dog. These unique patterns were created by the company’s in-house designers after months of research and drafting:

1. Collins: Dogily’s best-selling signature print was

inspired by 1970s plaid fashion. Its criss-cross geometric design gives you and your dog a timeless way to either dress up or down.

2. Tyra: Featuring a striking leopard print, this

design has a wild side while also looking elegant.

3. Serene: This two-toned diagonal stripe design is a simple color combination that offers endless styling options.

dogily.com Animal Wellness

51

D gs Cats

Lab-grown meat

should it be used in pet food?

Once you get beyond the “ick” factor, lab-grown meat may have profound ethical and environmental advantages. But will it be good for our dogs and cats (and us) and should it be used in pet food?

by Nancy Scanlan, DVM, CVA Lab-grown meat? It sounds like something out of a science fiction story, but it’s a concept being explored by a growing number of companies. This article takes a closer look at labgrown meat and how it’s made — and more importantly, whether or not it should be used in pet foods.

HOW IS LAB-GROWN MEAT MADE? Also known as cultivated meat, clean meat, and cultured meat, it’s made primarily with muscle cells that (with one exception) have attached themselves to a framework known as “scaffolding.”

Companies are also looking at ways to incorporate fat and

52

Animal Wellness

connective tissue into the process, to make the result look, feel, and taste more like the meat that comes straight from an animal.

In the U.S., companies are concentrating on lab-grown beef for humans, and one is using rabbit tissue for dogs and mouse tissue for cats.

Fast fact: One company has included animal muscle genes in a strain of yeast to make it produce amino acids, and is marketing it as “animal protein”; however, this is a GMO process, and does not follow the procedures used for lab-grown meat.

STEM CELLS ARE USED You can’t grow muscle from just any muscle cells. Mature muscle cells die if they are separated from a body. The only kind of muscle cell that will grow in a lab is a muscle stem cell, which forms new muscle cells in the body as well as in the lab setting. One stem cell can potentially create a trillion new cells. Mature muscle cells can get larger or smaller, but they can’t multiply to make new cells.

pros and cons of lab-grown meat pros • M ore ethical: Some animals will always be needed for the production of lab-grown meat, but far fewer than are currently used in the meat industry. Eventually, the original muscle stem cells wear out and new ones are needed, from a live animal. When stem cells are the only part of the animals being used, however, then the claims made by lab-grown meat companies will be true — that a single cow could create enough meat to feed the entire world for a year.

• F ewer contaminants: Bioreactors are sterilized in between each batch, and as long as similar precautions are taken in all steps of production, the final product will have less risk of containing contaminants such as E. coli bacteria, hormones, or antibiotics — all concerns in conventional pet food today.

Stem cells can live in a petri dish, and will multiply for a very long time to make many single immature muscle cells that continue multiplying. Under the right conditions, those cells will change into mature elongated muscle cells that look like those in meat.

Fast fact: Most lab-grown meat looks a lot like raw hamburger, though it’s not identical. For humans, the lack of fat and difference in texture are problematic, although one company has been able to create lab-grown meat in thin sheets.

• L ow environmental footprint: One clear advantage of labgrown meat that nobody argues about is that it has a much lower negative impact on the environment. Currently, 29% of the water used by humanity goes to raising meat animals. and 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from these animals, especially cattle. Water and land use, as well as greenhouse gas emissions, would decrease by 95%, and animal product-related water pollution, pesticides, and antibiotic use would all be drastically decreased.

cons • H igh cost: The first lab-grown hamburger cost $325,000.

The current price is a lot lower, with estimates of $11 per pound as soon as companies are able to scale up, but it is still more expensive than beef.

• T exture and appearance: There are still problems with the look and texture of lab-grown meat, and companies are far from creating anything that looks like a steak.

There is also a certain “ick” factor for a lot of people when they think about food from a lab versus from something alive and growing outside.

• P otentially poor nutrition: A possibly bigger problem for both people and their companion animals will be the nutrients that will eventually be required (or not) by law to grow the cells (see sidebar on page 50).

THE SCAFFOLDING Animal Wellness

53

Originally, beef muscle stem cells were fed with fetal calf serum. Now, companies are growing cells using various combinations of nutrients to create an ideal formula that will let them grow and thrive without having to rely on other animal products. After enough cells have grown into a small lump, they are mixed with small tubes, called “scaffolding”, that will help change them from single round cells to the long muscle fibers seen in mature muscle. Scaffolding was originally made from gelatin, another animal product, but companies are increasingly using plant products instead.

Scaffolding makes lab-grown meat feel more like meat when it is in your mouth, which is important for products made for humans.

Fast fact: Companies are looking for combinations of nutrients that will maximize the multiplication and growth of muscle cells. This could lead to the use of cheaper forms of vitamins and minerals, barely adequate levels of some amino acids, and unnatural substances.

Legal ramifications Should lab-grown meat even be called “meat”?

Even now, there are lawsuits in progress dealing with what this product can legally be called, and whether or not it should even be defined as meat. The outcomes will affect the way we look at the product. It will also determine whether or not it can be included in pet foods, and if so, how much can be used. The current lawsuits could continue for years.

The situation is complicated by the relationship between the USDA and the FDA. If the government decides that lab-grown meat is still technically meat, then new laws will have to define this for the USDA, and current laws about meat and pet foods will apply. If the government decides it’s not meat, then the FDA could conceivably be in charge.

The current confusion around herbs in pet foods, pet treats, and pet supplements gives us a clue about the types of problems that could appear if this happens.

54

Animal Wellness

Because dogs and cats aren’t as picky about meat texture as people are, developing cultured meat for animals can be done without the scaffolding, especially for use in pet treats. In fact, one treat company, which is working to create lab-grown meat for animals, skips the scaffolding.

Fast fact: The final growth process is done in a “bioreactor”— a large stainless steel structure similar to those used for brewing beer.

If lab-grown meat actually becomes the nutritional equivalent of pasture-grown meat, then the ethical and environmental advantages are enormous. If everything except the meat stem cells can come from plants, millions of animal lives would be saved. Additionally, if companies can be trusted to use healthy amounts of all necessary vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, in their natural forms and proper proportions, and forget about hormones to make cells grow bigger and faster, the end product could benefit people, dog and cats, as well as the environment. We’re currently a long way from that, but time will tell if lab-grown meat will ever become an acceptable alternative to regular meat.

WE CAN DO IT THE

HARD WAY… OR THE EASY WAY!

by Herb Moskowitz, DDS

The latest research reveals that molecular iodine as a pet water additive is more effective for periodontal health than veterinarian-supervised daily brushing.

Periodontal disease is the most commonly-diagnosed condition in small animal veterinary medicine. In the vast majority of cases, treatment often isn’t started until very late in the disease process, because there are few outward clinical signs in the early stages. Consequently, periodontal disease is also the most undertreated animal health problem.

H

While several products have been promoted as water additives for dental health, there has been scant evidence of their efficacy. However, a first-of-its-kind molecular iodine water additive was recently studied for its effectiveness in reducing dental plaque in an evidence-based approach (see sidebar). The study showed that the molecular iodine water additive reduced more plaque than veterinarian-supervised daily brushing.

WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT? You can help reduce dental plaque by vigorously brushing your dog or cat’s teeth daily.4 But uncooperative pets, and the challenges of daily brushing, often result in unsatisfactory outcomes. Less frequent brushing results in even poorer outcomes.

Wouldn’t it be simpler to reduce plaque and control bad breath by using a daily pet water additive? Adding a few milliliters of treatment solution to a dog or cat’s drinking water each day is almost effortless, and easy to maintain compared to struggling daily with an unwilling animal. Current research shows that it can even be more effective than brushing.

56

Animal Wellness

D WA R A

Y

Gum disease affects a lot more than just the mouth. Unchecked, it has numerous potentially dangerous health consequences for dogs and cats. Oral infection, tooth loss, and increased incidence of oral cancer are localized manifestations. More serious problems linked to periodontal disease include kidney, liver, lung and cardiac diseases, osteoporosis, adverse pregnancy effects, and diabetes.1 In fact, the link between periodontal disease and heart disease is so strong that periodontal disease is now considered a direct cause of heart disease.2 The onset of periodontal disease starts with dental microbial biofilm (dental plaque) formation and the associated immune-inflammatory response of the animal to that plaque buildup.3

ADDING MOLECULAR IODINE

THE EVIDENCE ­— MOLECULAR IODINE

% OF PLAQUE REDUCTION OVER 28 DAYS

OUT-PERFORMED DAILY BRUSHING

A molecular iodine pet water additive was evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled and diet-controlled clinical trials, following Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) guidelines. Each 28-day trial involved 25 dogs whose plaque was measured by a trained veterinarian. Treatment was well tolerated by the dogs and resulted in an average plaque reduction of 44%. The molecular iodine product used in the studies earned the VOHC Seal of Acceptance.

Other study observations included the elimination of bad breath in treated dogs, and no changes in thyroid hormones after 28 days.

In contrast, a plaque reduction study involving toothbrushing, published in the Journal of Veterinary Dentistry, showed that brushing was significantly less effective. These study results are compared at right.

9.9%

VETERINARIAN-SUPERVISED REDUCTION BRUSHING — WEEKLY

24.8% REDUCTION

VETERINARIAN-SUPERVISED BRUSHING — EVERY OTHER DAY

37.4% REDUCTION

VETERINARIAN-SUPERVISED BRUSHING — DAILY

44%

The greatest plaque reduction was obtained by the use of molecular iodine. With a 44% reduction of plaque within 28 days, plaque reduction through the use of molecular iodine was significantly greater than the plaque reduction obtained even through daily, veterinarian-supervised brushing.

W Y A S A

Y

E

Molecular iodine (I2) is the only species of iodine5 that kills harmful microorganisms. It is non-staining, whereas other types of iodine stain teeth and can be toxic to dogs and cats.

REDUCTION!

MOLECULAR IODINE WATER ADDITIVE

The molecular iodine referenced in the studies is incorporated into ioVet™ Oral, a pet water additive (www.iovetproducts.com).

The same advanced technology is used in human oral care products and is recommended by thousands of periodontists and dentists throughout the U.S. (www.iotechinternational.com).

Despite our best efforts, periodontal disease has reached epidemic proportions in dogs and cats. Fortunately, molecular iodine is an effective, easy-to-use option that can play a major role in helping reduce dental plaque — and subsequent issues with periodontal disease — in companion animals.

Niemiec, B. Periodontal disease. Top Companion Anim Med, 2008.

Bale, B. et al High-risk periodontal pathogens contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Postgrad Med J, 2017.

3 Dos Santos J. et al Relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2019.

4 Harvey C et al. Effect of Frequency of Brushing Teeth on Plaque and Calculus Accumulation and Gingivitis in Dogs. J Vet Dent 2015.

5 Trettenero S. Molecular iodine as a new frontline defense against COVID-19 in the dental office. Dentistry IQ 2020.

1

2

Herb Moskowitz, DDS, has over 25 years of clinical dental practice experience. He is a serial entrepreneur, having founded several public and private medical technology companies and developed a variety of medical products. He currently serves as Chairman of ioTech International.

Animal Wellness

57

y a l P

FELINE BEHAVIOR

WHY CATS NEED

How to keep your feline friend interested in play as she grows from kittenhood into an adult cat.

by Sally E. Bahner

Watching a kitten playing with a furry mouse never gets old. She tosses it in the air, bites it, and attacks it with vigorous bunny kicks.

Play is an integral part of kittenhood, as any cat parent knows. The challenge is to maintain that degree of interest in play as she moves from kittenhood to adulthood.

THE ART OF PLAY

Kittens learn the art of play from their siblings. There’s nothing cuter than a litter of kittens tumbling around with each other. Beyond the cuteness, though, they’re learning important skills, which includes setting boundaries when it comes to biting and kicking. Play also helps with their coordination and helps strengthen their growing bodies.

Cats also sleep anywhere from 12 to 16 hours a day, and as kittens grow into adults, they may become bored more easily, which means they spend more time snoozing. While it may be easy to “let sleeping cats lie”, a lack of play means a lack of exercise, which can lead to weight gain and health problems. So it’s important to encourage play in adults cats. The question is, how?

SHORT BURSTS OF ENERGY In the wild, cats operate on short bursts of energy. This can be seen in our own cats when they experience episodes of the “zoomies”.

Well-known “cat daddy” Jackson Galaxy (www.jacksongalaxy.com) takes these bursts of energy into account when he recommends the “Boil and Simmer” approach to playing with your cat.

PLAYING WITH COMPANIONS It’s often recommended that cats be adopted in pairs to provide companionship and play. If you’re introducing a new cat to the family, however, it may take some time before they’re comfortable playing together.

Watch for play that accelerates into aggression.

According to cat behaviorist Pam Johnson Bennet (http:// catbehaviorassociates.com), cats who are playing with each other take turns pouncing and chasing. Problems may occur when one cat is the constant instigator. Watch for body language such as pinned-back ears and bristled fur, accompanied by growling, hissing, and unsheathed claws.

58

Animal Wellness

This involves playing with your cat for a short period of time, letting her “simmer” down, then bringing her to a “boil” again, and so on. “Cats are motivated by their primal instincts to hunt, catch, kill and eat,” Jackson says, adding that unwanted behaviors may occur if that energy is not released.

SELECTING CAT TOYS When it comes to cat toys, the choices are endless. Pet supply stores are chock full of fishing poles with every imaginable toy dangling off the ends; catnip-stuffed toys in any shape or size; balls with bells and feathers; colorful plastic springs; crinkle balls; and even motorized devices. But it’s often the simplest things that capture your cat’s attention. An empty toilet paper roll, a wadded-up piece of paper, or an empty box can be made even more inviting with a sprinkling of catnip.

You may have to experiment and offer your cat a variety of toys before you find the perfect match (and even then, her preferences many change). Chances are, you can’t go wrong with a fishing pole. One of Sofiya’s favorites as a kitten was a square of faux lamb’s wool on a rawhide string attached to a stick. She would

drag it all over the place until it defied repair and the fabric on the end was unrecognizable.

Hint: If you’re lucky, your kitty may learn to play fetch; often, this is something cats pick up on their own.

IT’S ALL ABOUT TIMING Set aside a specific time for play each day — your cat will look forward to it and even start to remind you. According to Jackson Galaxy, cats operate on a “hunt-catch-kill” regimen, bracketed on either end by sleep. A period of play before meals can end with dinner as a satisfying “catch”, while a session before bedtime, followed by a meal or treat, can help minimize the 4 a.m. crazies or 6 a.m breakfast demands.

Hint: Rotate your cat’s toys. Try storing them in a plastic bag with catnip to add to the enticement when you get them out again.

KEEP IT SAFE When choosing toys for your cat, watch out for pieces that can be bitten off and ingested — googly eyes, buttons, pieces of yarn.

Shiny Mylar strips attached to a stick are great fun, but they should be put away between play sessions to avoid ingestion.

PLAY PRACTICES AMONG CAT PARENTS In a study entitled “Owners’ Attitudes, Knowledge, Care Practices: Exploring the Implications for Domestic Cat Behavior and Welfare in the Home” (https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31731680/), cat parents were surveyed about the bonds they shared with their cats. Almost 550 people responded — here are a few highlights: • Nearly half (48%) said they played with their cats at least once a day using an interactive toy such as a laser pointer or fishing pole toy.

• A majority of survey respondents (80%) stated that they played with their cats every few days.

• One-third said they trained their cats to do tricks.

Laser toys are controversial. Cats love chasing that red dot, but there’s no satisfaction of “catching prey” at the end of the “hunt.”

You can get around this by tossing her some treats toward the end of the session to “finish the job.”

Hint: It goes without saying that the laser beam should never be pointed directly into the cat’s eyes.

Ensuring that your cat has plenty of play in her life offers multiple benefits. It helps keep her physically fit and mentally stimulated – and it also enhances the bond you share with her.

AGING WELL

KEEPING THE GERIATRIC DOG’S BRAIN & BODY FIT WITH EXERCISE

by Laurie McCauley, DVM, DACVSMR, CCRT, CVA, CVC, and Evelyn Orenbuch, DVM, DACVSMR, CCRT, CAVCA

From improving memory and cognition to strengthening muscles and enhancing quality of life, regular exercise is beneficial to the health and well-being of your geriatric dog.

We’ve all seen it. The 80-year-old ladies lifting weights, doing Tai chi, going for power walks, staying healthy and mobile. These active octogenarians are striving for not only a long lifespan, but a long healthspan as well. Likewise, our older canine dogs need to exercise and keep moving to achieve a healthspan that matches their lifespan.

But first, let’s look at the terminology and science around aging, the changes we are combating, and what exercise can do for the geriatric dog.

HOW EXERCISE CAN SLOW AGERELATED DECLINE The hippocampus is the area of the brain in charge of memory and learning. In elderly humans, sequential imaging studies have shown hippocampal atrophy. Think about your elderly relatives. Do they process as quickly or learn as easily as they used to? Some of this aging process may be prevented or reversed by exercise. Indeed, older adult humans who exercise throughout life have less brain tissue 60

Animal Wellness

loss than sedentary individuals. Also, physically fit aged humans performed better on cognitive tests than their sedentary counterparts. In short, we can use physical exercise to prevent or reverse hippocampus atrophy in our dogs

PREVENTING SARCOPENIA Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, and is correlated with physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. Risk factors for sarcopenia include age, gender and level of physical activity.

The loss of muscle mass is associated with an increase in body fat. Despite normal weight, there is a marked increase in weakness. The loss of muscle quantity appears to be mainly due to a degradation of contractile protein, resulting from both the reduction of single muscle fibers and a decrease in the cross-sectional area of residual muscle fibers.

There is an important correlation between inactivity and loss of muscle mass and strength. This suggests that physical activity should be a protective factor for the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

Progressive exercises can produce substantial increases in strength and muscle size, even in the ancient population. Preventing or postponing the onset of this condition enhances survival in people, and should also be a natural part of recommended management for our senior dogs

FIVE EXERCISES FOR YOUR SENIOR DOG Now that we know the science, what are the best exercises for geriatric dogs? Here are five favorites:

1

Cookie Stretches – When done correctly, this exercise can be used to flex and extend the cervical, thoracic, and in many dogs, the lumbar spine. They can also be used as a diagnostic tool to assess for pain or restrictions along the spine, and as an exercise to cause weight shifts onto one or a pair of limbs. Cookie Stretches enhance balance and can be considered similar to “doggy yoga”. They can be done every day and performed by most owners with little risk of harm.

A

SENESCENCE AND ITS EFFECTS Senescence, a term used in aging, actually occurs throughout an animal’s lifespan. It’s a process by which cells age and permanently stop dividing, but do not die. Over time, large numbers of senescent cells can build up in tissues throughout the body, leading to damage or loss of function in those tissues.

Senescence leads to increased susceptibility to infectious and chronic disease, loss of resistance to external and internal stressors, and an inability to maintain and repair somatic systems. In the brain, senescence frequently coincides with changes in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines and aberrant neuronal plasticity directly associated with impaired brain functions. This manifests itself as memory loss and cognitive decline.

Bonus: A nose straight up is of utmost importance for full spinal extension; if the dog can’t do it, there’s a problem that needs addressing.

2

Cavalettis – These can be used to decrease pacing, enhance even weight-bearing, increase limb joint flexion and stride length, improve balance and proprioception, strengthen muscles, including in the trunk, and reduce foot sliding.

Syd demonstrating full spinal flexion using Cookie Stretches.

cookie is brought sequentially to the shoulder, behind the front foot, to the hip, behind the rear foot (repeated on the other side), and to the chest, the floor, between the front feet as far back as possible, and lastly, with the front feet elevated at withers height or higher and the dog’s nose straight up to the sky.

Ollie Walking over Cavaletti Jacks for enhanced balance, limb flexion, and cognitive function. Cavaletti Jacks can be purchased at www.optimumpetvitality.com/store.

Animal Wellness

61

Cavaletti spacing depends on the goal and the dog’s speed. The widest is for the patient with severe weakness and/or cognitive or neurological deficits.

This width is usually 1 to 1.5 the length from nose to tail base. This allows all four limbs to cross before the next obstacle is attempted. The distance from floor to withers is a starting point for the trotting dog. Spacing for the walking dog is approximately the distance from floor to point of shoulder. The narrowest spacing is for enhanced limb flexion. Small adjustments may need to be made for each option, wider or narrower depending on the speed of the patient. The faster the dog moves, the longer the stride length.

Akie demonstrates how a dog can stand with three limbs on the OctoBoard, allowing the fourth limb to experience maximum strengthening capability in a safe manner.

Bonus: To check the distances, video from the side and follow one foot to make sure it hits in the same place between each set of Cavalettis. It is also imperative to start 5’ to 6’ before the Cavalettis to allow the dog to set their stride before they step over the first one.

3

Wobble Board – With the handler controlling the board, this exercise can be gentle and safe enough for one-weekold puppies and also challenging enough for

competitive adult canine athletes. With no shear force on any joint, all the muscles that stabilize the limb joints and spine can be strengthened.

By having different-sized domes and the ability to move them or add others, as seen with the OctoBoard (www.optimumpetvitality.com/store), the challenge can be increased, and the limbs protected during exercises.

Wobble Board exercises can be done with the dog controlling the board, but the degree of difficulty or challenge is significantly limited when compared to having the handler control the board. With the handler standing on the board, the dog can have two, three, or four feet on the board. When three feet are on, the fourth limb has to balance the whole body, which is a fast way to increase strength while performing safe isometric contractions.

Bonus: Hold on to a solid surface to prevent losing your balance while you control the movement of the board.

Dr. McCauley and Ollie performing Wobble Board exercises on an OctoBoard, which has six domes in three different sizes that can attach to any position on the Velcro bottom of the octagonal board.

62

Animal Wellness

4

Backwards Walking – This is one of the best exercises for strengthening the muscles of standing, rising and propulsion.

It can be done any number of ways. Our favorites

A very important detail is to have the dog looking straight out or down, not up. If the dog looks up, they are not able to take a long stride with their fore or rear limbs, significantly decreasing the ability to strengthen the targeted muscles.

The goals of this exercise can be achieved in as few as three to five steps before each meal for a weak dog, all the way up to walking backwards 100’ to 200’ in the yard for a stronger dog, whether geriatric or young.

Dr. McCauley demostrates Sideways Walking with Ollie, using a pool noodle to gently tap his hip as needed.

Ollie, Dr. McCauley’s 12-year-old Mastiff mix, walking backwards. He can easily walk 100’ backwards without a break.

include placing the dog in a heel position and walking backward; getting in the dog’s space in front of them and walking into them; or luring them with a tasty treat at chest to nose height.

The idea is to have the dog take large steps with the rear limbs to strengthen the muscles on the caudal aspect of the fore and rear legs — the muscles of propulsion in the rear, and deceleration and standing in the front. Keeping these muscles strong prevents the way-too-oftenheard: “We said goodbye because he couldn’t get up any longer.”

5

Sideways Walking – This is the best exercise for strengthening the muscles that stabilize the hips and shoulders. As dogs age, they frequently have a tendency to lie with their elbows lateral to the body instead of under the shoulders. This puts stress and stretch on the deep and superficial pectoral muscles. As these muscles remain in a stretched position, and atrophy, it creates a situation in which the dog is more likely to have a splay injury.

The muscles that support the hip joints also atrophy if the dog is not active as they age. Dogs with hip dysplasia commonly have atrophy of the pectineus, gluteal, and biceps femoris muscles, the muscles that help hold the joint together. When these weaken, greater laxity can occur in the joint, leading to more pain and less active exercise.

Dr. McCauley uses her hand to guide Syd's hip for Sideways Walking, while feeding him with the other hand.

THREE TYPES OF EXERCISE Exercise can be broken down into three types:

1. ISOMETRIC EXERCISE —

the muscles are contracting, but the length of the muscle fibers stays consistent. This is considered the easiest form of exercise, the slowest to build muscle strength, and has the least chance of muscle injury.

2. CONCENTRIC EXERCISE —

the muscle fibers shorten with contraction.

Strength building and chance of injury are moderate.

3. ECCENTRIC EXERCISE —

the muscle elongates as it fires, preventing stretching of the muscle fibers. It builds strength the fastest, but has the highest incidence of injury. In aging muscle, this higher injury incidence is exacerbated.

64

Animal Wellness

L ow force isometric and concentric exercises are the best place to start when implementing a physical activity program with an older dog.

By adding Sideways Walking to a dog’s exercise program, we specifically target all these muscles. To perform the exercise, the handler can literally walk into the dog from the side; stand in front of the dog with a treat and walk sideways holding an arm extender to guide the dog; or place the dog on a raised surface such as a bed or countertop so they do not have to lean over.

Science shows that exercising decreases the pain associated with osteoarthritis, improves cognitive function, can reverse age-related memory loss, strengthen muscles and improve quality of life in your dog.

WHY STRUCTURE IS IMPORTANT WHEN TRAINING YOUR DOG To help ensure training success, and keep your dog living her best life, some rules and structure will always be necessary. Dogs thrive on knowing what to expect and are much happier when you take the lead. Here are five tips that create the structure necessary for a well-trained dog who is well on her way to confidence, freedom, and adventure!

1 2 3 4 5

TEACH CALM: All foundational training

should center around creating calmness in your dog, because a calm mind is ready and able to learn.

CREATE A SCHEDULE: For optimal

success, it’s important to get your dog on a schedule and keep her on it. A schedule helps change undesirable behavior.

CRATE TRAIN HER: Dogs of all ages

should be comfortable being kenneled, so they have a place to go to rest and be quiet.

It can also make challenging situations (like boarding, vet visits, or traveling) a lot less stressful.

FEED ON A SCHEDULE: Feed your dog at the same times every day, and don’t create excitement around mealtimes.

BE CONSISTENT: We want to create a

dynamic where all humans in the home are the leaders and teachers, and all dogs are followers and students. The worst thing you can do is be inconsistent.

The amount of structure necessary will vary from dog to dog, and you can adjust it as your dog improves, earns more privileges and freedoms, or as she ages out of some behaviors. The best part is that if you start with these five basics, life becomes simpler and you get the dog of your dreams!

Dr. McCauley walks into Ollie from the side; he moves over as she gets into his space.

Sous Sous vide for dogs and cats

by Hannah Arington

Gently cooked food made using the sous vide method is a healthy option for dogs and cats. And it’s growing in popularity.

Dog and cat parents have more choices than ever before when it comes to deciding what to feed their animal companions. One of the newer dietary options on the pet food market is sous vide, a method that involves gently cooking the food. It offers the convenience of prepared foods with some of the benefits of raw diets.

WHAT IS GENTLY COOKED FOOD?

When you gently cook food, you heat it only to the temperature required to kill food-borne pathogens like E. coli or Salmonella. Gently cooked foods are safe to eat and full of nutrients, flavor, and moisture.

The process starts with real foods, which are then gently cooked at temperatures of between 130 and 175°F, depending on how rare you want the food.

THE SOUS VIDE METHOD You can gently cook food using just about any cooking method, including sautéing, baking, poaching, and steaming, but one of the best is sous vide.

The sous vide method is an excellent choice for gentle cooking because it allows you to heat food to a very precise temperature. With sous vide, you put fresh food into a vacuum-sealed bag and cook it in water. A special device heats the water and keeps it at a constant temperature. That means you can't overcook the food, no matter how long it stays in the water.

The sous vide method was originally used in upscale restaurants, but these days, it has been adopted by all types of restaurants, as well as individuals who use it to cook for themselves and their animal companions.

66

Animal Wellness

COMMON INGREDIENTS IN GENTLY COOKED PREPARED PET FOODS

While you can cook sous vide meals for your dog or cat at home, you can also purchase prepared gently cooked pet foods that are both convenient and nutritious. Common ingredients found in these foods include:

• • • • • •

Whole meats Fish Organs Eggs Fruit Vegetables

With sous vide, you put fresh food into a vacuum-sealed bag and cook it in water.

A wide assortment of ingredients will provide your dog or cat with a well-balanced diet. For example, fish is a great source of vitamin D, but doesn’t contain fiber. Fruits such as blueberries provide fiber and antioxidants. The recipe may also contain grains, which are sometimes precooked to improve digestibility and reduce the chances of digestive upset.

Be sure it’s balanced

If you’re home preparing your dog or cat’s gently cooked food, it’s a good idea to consult a veterinarian or animal nutritionist to ensure he’s eating a balanced diet. Micronutrient deficiencies or excesses can contribute to serious health problems so it’s crucial that an animal’s diet, especially a homemade one, meets all nutrient requirements.

s vide “A gentle cooking process makes the digestion of meats, fruits and vegetables easier.”

GENTLY COOKED FOOD COMPARED TO OTHER DIETS

FEEDING YOUR DOG OR CAT GENTLY COOKED FOOD

A growing number of animal parents want to try fresher, less processed meal options for their dogs and cats. If you want to switch pet foods but are concerned about the risks associated with handling raw meat, then gently cooked food is a unique option to consider.

Several companies offer gently cooked meals for purchase, and some even offer subscription services with hassle-free delivery. The frozen, prepared meals are simply thawed in the refrigerator and then fed to your dog or cat.

“Thawed product should be kept refrigerated and used within five to seven days,” says John.

Gently cooked pet food combines some of the best aspects of kibble, canned food, and raw diets: it’s safe, can be stored for long periods, and is fresh and wholesome.

Extrusion and canning have been used for decades to produce convenient and safe products for humans and animals. For example, many popular snacks and cereals are created using extrusion, while canned soups and vegetables are staples found in nearly every grocery store.

Canned or extruded foods are heated to a high enough temperature to kill pathogens, but they're also shelf-stable for long periods.

Ambitious at-home chefs can buy sous vide cookers starting at around $50. You can also prepare sous vide food by using a pressure cooker.

Gently cooked sous vide food can be a practical alternative to kibble, canned food, and raw diets.

Whether your dog or cat is struggling with weight issues, allergies, or digestive upsets, gently cooked food provides a customizable and chef-inspired alternative that’s sure to make his mouth water!

Gently cooked foods aren't shelf-stable, but you can refrigerate or freeze them to make them last longer. John explains that “gently cooked food is typically stored and sold as frozen and has a six- to nine-month freezer shelf life.”

This type of food is also safe because pathogens are killed during the gentle heating process, and is easier for animals to digest. While raw diets can be a great option for many dogs, they may not work for others. “Many animals have digestive problems and upset when fed an all-raw diet,” says John. “A gentle cooking process makes the digestion of meats, fruits and vegetables easier.”

Benefits of gently cooked foods ently cooked sous vide foods possess many of G the key advantages of kibble, canned foods, and raw diets. Here are just a few benefits: • • •

You can store gently cooked food in the freezer for up to nine months.

It’s free of food-borne pathogens.

Gently cooked food is fresh, delicious, and nutritious.

Animal Wellness

67

FELINE HEALTH

Reversing diabetes in cats

n it be don a c e, and if so, how?

— DS,

BY BARRIE SAN

DVM

e s ! Th i s a r t i c l e e er is y xpla s w s ins ho e an k t o a t r n e ste p a v c e e e r w u s h h o e t a y n T d d why dia the p betes develops in cats, an r o ce s s a n d re . g a i n h e a l t h f o r yo u r f e l i n e f r i e n d Diabetes mellitus is a very common endocrine disease in cats, and its incidence has risen dramatically over the last several decades. In 1970, one in 1,000 cats developed diabetes; by 1999, the numbers had risen to one in 100 to 200. Today, the incidence of feline diabetes is closer to one in 100 and is correlated with a rise in obesity, which is estimated to affect 63% of cats. There are around 93 million cats in the US: if one in every 100 is diabetic, that translates to a huge number, of epidemic proportions. What can be done about it? Can diabetes in cats be reversed? To find out, it is helpful to understand why the disease develops in the first place; the causes are multifactorial and directly related to diet, lifestyle, and increased exposure to environmental toxins. We can then look at what we can do to reverse the processes leading to diabetes in our cats.

NORMAL METABOLISM AND NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN CATS Cats are obligate carnivores. This means that for survival and optimal health, they must consume protein. They have very little, if any, dietary requirements for carbohydrates.

Based on their physique and dentition, cats are designed to hunt, pounce, tear and shred their food. In the wild, carnivores consume herbivores.

Did you know? The prey-model diet of a

cat eating a mouse a day should be highly beneficial, and studies in which domestic cats were allowed to choose what they wanted to eat have shown they self-select a high-moisture, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.

68

Animal Wellness

Unfortunately, many commercial kibble formulations contain up to 55% carbohydrates. From this perspective, it may seem that restricting all carbohydrates is the solution to diabetes. However, if that was the case, why aren’t all cats eating high-carb diets diabetic? The answer depends on other mitigating factors.

CAUSES OF DIABETES Diabetes mellitus involves an imbalance of multiple metabolic systems, and essentially a mal-regulation of glucose metabolism. In general, the body’s exposure to too much sugar (glucose and carbohydrates) is what kicks off the process. It results from a slow chronic assault to the physiology, affecting the processing of nutrients from the level of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver metabolism, and lymphatic detoxification system to the secretion and utilization of hormones, enzymes, co-factors and more.

The cellular effects of inflammation, oxidative stress, altered membrane permeability, ionic homeostasis mechanisms, and the expression of poor quality proteins due to epigenetic factors form the foundation of the changes that manifest into a dysregulation between glucose and insulin.

Betacell Secretion

Normal Glucose uptake

Did you know? A variety of factors predispose

cats to diabetes, and it seems obesity is the greatest in precipitating diabetes as compared to just an increase in carbohydrate consumption.

A domesticated lifestyle means that a large number of cats have become more sedentary, and graze leisurely on an endless supply of highly-processed, low quality commerciallyprepared kibble. Humans, in essence, have helped turned their cats into lazy carb-junkies.

SO CAN TYPE 2 DIABETES BE REVERSED? Among all this complexity, the good news is that the body is designed for health and homeostasis. Since food is what the body uses as fuel, the digestive system and all the metabolic by-products, reactions and interactions are elegantly designed

Animal Wellness

69

TYPES OF DIABETES Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of the disease in cats, as it is in humans. Type 2 diabetes is basically defined as an impairment in the way the body utilizes glucose. It can develop as a consequence of glucocorticoid or steroid therapy, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, or an insufficient amount of insulin released from the pancreas due to pancreatic fatigue.

The unique similarity between diabetes in cats and humans led researchers to study feline carbohydrate metabolism as a model for human diabetes. Unfortunately, research over the last 25 to 30 years into the complexity of feline carbohydrate metabolism has proven to be limited and conflicting, and has lent itself to even more questions. In spite of all the research, the clinical picture and anecdotal response to various therapies has proven the most beneficial for addressing feline diabetes.

for the ingestion, absorption and utilization of nutrients. All we need to do is help the body do what it does best.

TREATING DIABETES IN CATS — SUPPORTING THE BODY Once diabetes is diagnosed, it is important to recognize any other compounding factor such as obesity, pancreatitis, urinary tract infection, or inflammatory bowel conditions. As cats have very specific nutrient requirements, we can start by supporting the body in a variety of ways:

• Feed a species-appropriate, high-moisture, biologically-available diet.

• Initiate at-home glucose monitoring and insulin therapy as directed by your veterinarian.

• Provide adequate sources of: » Vitamin A: beef liver, pumpkin, sweet potato » » »

skins, cantaloupe

Taurine: scallops, shrimp, cod, Nori seaweed Arginine: turkey, pork, chicken, spirulina, pumpkin seeds, some cheese, garbanzo beans, lentils.

B12: lamb liver, sardines, trout, salmon, fortified nutritional yeast.

• Increase exercise and enrichment activities.

• Institute a detoxification, cellular-cleansing protocol using homeopathy, zeolite or clinoptilolite sources.

70

Animal Wellness

• Use natural anti-inflammatory agents such as nutraceuticals wand essential oils.

• Decrease stress.

This process may take several months, but as you institute this therapy with the guidance of a holistic veterinarian, your cat’s biologic system can find its way back to optimal function.

GLUCOSE METABOLISM All cells require energy for proper functioning.

They utilize glucose as the main molecule used for energy. The regulation of glucose metabolism used for cellular energy is an elegant, highly complex process involving a series of cell membrane protein channel interactions, biochemical reactions, specific amino acids, enzymes and co-factors, and a synchronized relationship between a variety of hormones.

When cats ingest protein, a process of gluconeogenesis performed in the liver converts the amino acids from protein to glucose. The glucose is either used for energy or stored in the liver. However, there is only so much the liver can store. Too much glucose in the body is neither used nor stored, becoming an excess that manifests as hyperglycemia or glucosuria, as it stays in the blood or spills into the urine respectively.

Why feed your dog

vegan treats?

ADVERTORIAL

There are many reasons to choose vegan treats for your canine companion, including personal beliefs, allergies, or simply a desire to feed your dog something other than even more animal protein. Dogs are omnivores, after all!

No matter why you choose a vegan option, you’ll find there are many accompanying benefits. This is especially true for PointPet’s targeted, specially formulated treats.

CANINE ALLERGIES If your dog chews at her paws, or licks them excessively, it could well be an allergy. The most common allergies in dogs are caused by proteins that include dairy, beef, chicken, chicken eggs, soy, and wheat gluten. While the front legs, feet, face, ears, and abdomen are the most frequently affected areas, hot spots (itchy areas) can appear anywhere on the body.

Excessive scratching can lead to wounds, scabbing, skin and ear infections, hair loss, and scaly skin.

Thankfully, PointPet’s vegan treats contain no wellknown allergens, so your dog can enjoy them while improving his health. Vegan Anti-Itch support treats can help manage all the above.

COMMON DOG GUT ISSUES Dogs can be picky about the foods they eat, yet have no reservations about gobbling up some fermenting trash found in the park. Depending on what the offending “food” is, it could wreak havoc on your dog’s digestive system if he already has an unhealthy gut.

Other dogs just seem born with sensitive systems and their stomachs are easily thrown off.

If either of these situations are true for your dog, feeding him Vegan Digestion Support can alleviate a lot of worries and reduce the number of sick stomach days you’ll both have to tolerate.

UTIS AND YOUR DOG Older female dogs and dogs with diabetes are at higher risk of contracting a UTI. PointPet’s speciallyformulated UTI Support gives your dog a better chance of escaping that affliction.

PointPet offers three vegan varieties that address specific issues your dog may be dealing with: POINTPET VEGAN UTI DOG SUPPORT supplement is made with premium natural ingredients such as Cranberry extract, D-mannose and Organic Marshmallow Root to support a healthy urinary tract in your furry friend. Yummy soft chews with banana and peanut butter flavor not only promote optimal bladder and kidney health and function but are also delicious treats your dog will love!

POINTPET VEGAN DIGESTION SUPPORT supplement is made with premium natural ingredients such as Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Probiotic Blend to support your furry friend’s digestion and proper gut health. Yummy coconut flavored soft chews promote healthy digestion, proper gut pH and bowel health.

POINTPET VEGAN ANTI-ITCH SUPPORT supplement is made with premium natural ingredients such as Algae, Vitamin E and Biotin to support your furry friend’s skin health. Yummy peanut butter flavored soft chews soothe itchy and flaky skin and maintain its normal moisture content. Rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids (with EPA and DHA) this supplement will make your dog feel and look their best.

PointPet prides itself on helping you keep your dog healthy and happy. With all these choices, your dog is bound to find a vegan treat he’ll not only love, but that will optimize his wellness too!

Animal Wellness

71

ADVERTORIAL

Looking after your dog’s joint health Active dogs can benefit from this unique, science-based approach.

Nothing is more heart-warming than watching your healthy, mobile canine companion race around the park, or excitedly fetch his leash for an after-dinner walk. Of course, we want our canine companions to experience an active lifestyle for as long as they can, so maintaining their joint health is crucial. Timely care can save your dog from potential joint issues, including post-exercise inflammation.

What is post-exercise inflammation?

Inflammation is the body’s response to a pathological or physical irritant, and results in increased blood flow to the affected area. It presents itself as localized pain, swelling, and redness. There are two classes of inflammation: acute and chronic. Acute inflammation doesn’t last long, whereas chronic inflammation remains an issue for extended periods. Dogs and other animals can experience postexercise inflammation after an intense workout, such as sprinting.

If they are exposed to this kind of inflammation over a long period, they need longer times to recover and can develop problems. By addressing exercise-induced inflammation, however, you can help your dog’s joints stay in optimal condition.

How to deal with exerciseinduced inflammation A three-pronged strategy that includes maintaining joint health, promoting early inflammation recovery, and avoiding obesity, will go a long way to countering post-exercise inflammation, so it’s important to consider the following: • C hoose a diet that addresses joint health and mobility by including natural anti-inflammatory nutrients such as Omega-3 fatty acids, green-lipped mussel and tumeric. The addition of glucosamine and chondroitin will help support cartilage health, joint movement and lubrication of joints, as well as contribute to the health of ligaments and muscles, and promote mobility, flexibility and joint suppleness.

• N -butyric acid is an innovative joint ingredient. A study conducted by members of Vetdiet’s Health and Nutrition Advisory Board, comprised of veterinarians and nutrition experts, found that a mobility blend featuring N-butyric acid helped to mitigate postexercise inflammation, and maintain healthy mobility.

72

Animal Wellness

• A void obesity in your dog by feeding a bespoke diet that is in line with the dog’s breed. This way, a healthy weight will be maintained, and joint mobility will not be hampered.

An award-winning formula Fortunately, Vetdiet Mobility® for adult dogs is a diet that features all of the above. This targeted food is tailor made for active dogs, naturally active breeds, working and hunting dogs, as well as dogs participating in agility, canicross, sledding and hiking. Backed by research, the ingenious formula won first place at the Global Animal Nutrition Summit at Guelph University in the category Novel Ingredient and Food Formulation. Feed Vetdiet’s Mobility during times your dog is active to help him avoid post-exercise inflammation.

For the maintenance of joint health and additional antiinflammatory support every day of the year, look to Vetdiet® Dog Biscuits for Hips and Joints, made with high quality salmon, as well as glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, and greenlipped mussel, which contribute to maintaining joint health.

While a variety of joint mobility exercises and supportive beds or ramps can save a dog from putting extra burden on his joints, this three-pronged approach is the most important — and is centered around dietary adjustments. By incorporating a science-based, real ingredient food into your dog’s lifestyle, he’ll be running and jumping for years to come.

Vetdiet.com

KITTY LIFESTYLE

Buying a

n i a t n u o f r e wat ? t a c r u o y for

BY INGRID KING

Because many cats are attracted to running water, it’s a great way to help encourage them to stay hydrated. Here’s what to keep in mind if you’re considering a water fountain for your own kitty.

Water is critical to keeping your kitty healthy. Lack of water can lead to chronic low-level dehydration, which in turn can lead to urinary tract and kidney problems. If you suspect your cat isn’t drinking enough water, a fountain might prompt her to stay better hydrated.

LOW THIRST DRIVE Cats as a species don’t have a high thirst drive. This goes back to their origins as desert dwellers, when they relied on moisture from prey animals to satisfy their water requirements.

Today, many cats eat processed pet foods, which often don’t contain the moisture they need to stay healthy. Cats who eat commercial dry foods are in particular danger of developing diseases that result from low water intake.

WHY HYDRATION IS IMPORTANT Proper hydration can help prevent urinary tract disease and promote healthy kidney function by flushing out toxins. Lack of water can lead to chronic low-level dehydration, which in turn can lead to urinary tract and kidney problems. In fact, water affects everything from nutrient absorption and digestion

to circulation and maintaining a healthy body temperature.

A properly hydrated body will have an optimal balance of electrolytes, minerals, and fluids. When a cat is dehydrated, she doesn’t just lose water, but also critical electrolytes like sodium, potassium and chloride, which are all required for normal body function.

While cats who eat a raw or canned diet will most likely get sufficient water intake from their food, they should still always have plenty of fresh water available. Fountains are a great way to encourage cats to drink more because many cats are attracted to running water.

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A CAT FOUNTAIN MATERIALS Fountains made from stainless steel or ceramic are preferable to plastic products.

Even though most fountains are now made from BPA-free plastic, which eliminates concerns about toxicity, plastic can get scratched and harbor bacteria.

Additionally, not all plastics are dishwasher safe.

Animal Wellness

73

Stainless steel is a better choice and has no toxicity issues. It is easy to clean and can withstand the dishwasher. However, stainless steel should not be scrubbed as the resulting scratches can harbor bacteria.

Lesser quality stainless steel may rust.

The most hygienic choice of material for a fountain is ceramic. Ceramic is resistant to heat, stains and rust, and does not scratch. It also keeps water cooler longer than plastic or stainless steel.

The only potential issue with ceramic is lead toxicity, so make sure the fountain you select uses food safe glazes and is from a reputable company.

If the company doesn’t disclose that their fountain is food safe, it most likely is not.

FILTRATION There are two types of filtration, chemical and mechanical.

Chemical filtration is usually achieved by activated charcoal, which absorbs impurities and eliminates odors. It can also improve taste.

Mechanical filtration is simply a barrier that prevents cat hair and debris from entering the pump. In some fountains, this may be a plastic grid. Most fountains use a sponge-like material for mechanical filtration.

Most fountains will use both types of filtration, although a fountain can run without a chemical filter.

MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING Many cat parents stop using a fountain because cleaning and maintaining it is too complicated. To some extent, your cleaning schedule will depend on how many cats are using the fountain, and how frequently they are drinking from it, but in most cases, the fountain’s bowl should be cleaned daily when you replace the water.

Once a week, the entire fountain needs to be taken apart and cleaned, which is why it’s important to look for models that make this easy. Some manufacturers claim their fountains only need to be cleaned once a month, which is most definitely not enough. How would you like to drink out of a glass that hasn’t been cleaned for a whole month?

OTHER FEATURES If you are sensitive to noise, look for a fountain with a quiet pump. Generally, anything below 30 dB is considered super quiet.

74

Animal Wellness

If you don’t like the sound of running water, look for a fountain with a low spout. It will still have moving water, but you won’t hear dripping as the water hits the bowl.

Some fountains offer LED lights that illuminate them at night. This can be a fun feature for cat parents, but doesn’t really serve a purpose as far as cats are concerned.

APPEARANCE While your cat won’t care what the fountain looks like, appearance matters. A fountain that’s stashed in a dark corner because it’s ugly probably won’t get used. With so many different models to choose from, you’ll be able to find one that is functional and attractive.

Some fountains are true works of art!

COST When looking at the price of fountains, don’t just look at the cost of the actual product. Consider also the cost of filters and how frequently the manufacturer suggests replacing them.

A fountain may be just what you need to encourage your cat to drink more water and stay hydrated. Cleaning and maintaining the fountain is part of the equation, but it’s worth it to know you’re helping prevent kidney and urinary tract issues in your kitty.

Getting your cat used to a fountain Some cats, especially those who like to drink from running faucets, will take to using a fountain immediately. Others may need a period of adaptation to get accustomed to it.

When you situate your fountain, don’t place it right next to your cat’s food bowl. Cats tend to prefer their food and water sources away from each other to begin with, and if your cat is wary of the fountain at first, the movement and sounds it makes might deter her from enjoying her meals.

If your cat is reluctant to approach the fountain even after you’ve had it in your home for a few days, try placing treats or favorite toys around it.

Fall

FAVORITES Warm and cozy As the weather gets cooler, it’s comforting to cuddle with your dog at night, but what if he hogs the bed? Ultimate Pet Bed offers the perfect solution — comfy, well-designed pet beds that can either rest on the floor or attach to your own mattress, so you can be together while also having your own sleeping spots! ultimatepetbed.com

Dry foods with peak nutrition Many commercial dry dog foods are mass produced and cooked at high temperatures, so their nutritional value is less than optimal. When crafting their dry foods, ZIWI uses Z-TWINTECH™ air-drying technology to lock in the goodness of their ingredients, combining the best of raw, fresh diets with the convenience of dry diets. ziwipets.com

Good health for the fall

Back to school

Keep your dog healthy this autumn with K9 UltraFit. Containing essential and appropriate levels and strains of live (viable) bacteria and digestive enzymes, this product promotes healthy skin and coat as well as normal muscle volume, and supports digestion, nutrient absorption, and bowel health.

Good for dogs with chronic hot spots, loose stools, etc. ceanimalhealth.com

Fall is the perfect time to learn something new, especially when it helps animals and the people who love them. The Animal Hospice Group invites you to become educated, trained, and certified in their online Animal Hospice Certification, giving you competence in caring for declining, ill, and dying companion animals and their families.

JoinAnimalHospiceGroup.org

Switching to a plantbased diet?

Environmental and ethical concerns are prompting more and more people to consider plant-based diets for their animals. When done properly, it’s not only possible, but also healthy.

Evolution Diet offers a line of kibble and canned plant-based foods, along with a selection of healthy and tasty treats.

To get started, try a Sample Pack first. evolutiondietpetfood.com

Celebrate her life When you lose a beloved animal, memories and stories can help you celebrate her life even while you mourn her loss. Morris Animal Foundation’s Furever Memories allows you to create a free virtual memorial, share photos and memories with family and friends, and become part of a supportive animal-loving community. morrisanimalfoundation.org/furever-memorials Animal Wellness

75

EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

D gs Cats

How Reiki can help your dog or cat through Stressful Transitions Life transitions can be stressful, and our animal companions are affected as much as we are. Reiki is a non-invasive healing modality that can help.

By Patricia Herlevi Stress comes under many guises, both positive and negative.

Moving to a new home; dealing with a separation or bereavement; seeing a child off to college for the first time; even adopting a new animal can all create stress not only in your human family members, but also in your dog or cat.

Because they like routine and predictability, many dogs and cats find life transitions of any kind challenging and stressful.

Reiki is a perfect modality for easing your animal’s stress and helping him through times of change and upheaval.

REIKI TO THE RESCUE Reiki is a non-invasive, energetic healing system that channels universal life energy through the practitioner’s hands to the subject, be it human or animal. It can be done by placing the hands directly on the subject, or from a distance. While anyone can learn Reiki, it’s important to be taught by Reiki Master who can give you the attunements necessary to practice the modality effectively.

76

Animal Wellness

HANDS ON OR HANDS OFF? Several Reiki sessions that include all household members bring the greatest benefit.

Kelly McDermott-Burns, an animal Reiki practitioner, doesn’t recommend a hands-on session unless the animal approaches the Reiki practitioner and initiates it. Sitting in a meditative state in the same room as the dog or cat eases them and allows them to approach the practitioner and be in control of where the Reiki flows.

DID YOU KNOW? Reiki can be used to help everyone in the household weather a life transition, including your dog or cat. When our animals bond with us, they carry and mirror our emotional and mental states back to us, so it’s a good idea to have Reiki done on all members of the family, human and animal. Some practitioners even recommend doing Reiki on the home itself.

“Whether the sessions are done in-person or from a distance can depend on the client’s needs, the level of fear or aggression in the animal, and other factors,” Kelly says. “For instance, although it might be best to start with a distance session so the animal doesn’t have to deal with the added stress of a stranger, the client may want to be with the animal to watch for any possible reactions. It may also be helpful for the practitioner to observe the household dynamics to gather information the client may not see.”

For in-person visits, a soothing environment can be created by placing rose quartz crystals in the space. Practitioners trained in sound therapy, a low “Om” tuning fork or mid-range singing bowl can be played at a distance from the animal. Low tones discharge energy from the nervous system, making it easier to channel Reiki to the animal.

However, depending on the dog or cat’s level of agitation, a remote session might be the best option until he becomes accustomed to the Reiki energy.

DID YOU KNOW? While Reiki is beneficial for your dog or cat, it’s important to seek veterinary care if he’s showing signs of depression and anxiety caused by a life transition. In fact, Reiki works best when combined with medical care. Also, don’t rule out an animal behavior expert or trainer if and when it is required.

Why do Dogs and Cats get stressed?

1

They pick up on our emotions. When we go through a stressful life transition, we ride a rollercoaster of emotions, ranging from excitement to worry, anxiety, and sadness. Our dogs and cats soak up our own emotions and can react to them in both subtle and obvious ways. Restlessness, hiding, excessive vocalization, inappropriate elimination, and other signs of anxiety and depression may indicate that your animal is picking up on your own stress.

2

3

They may be revisiting a traumatic experience. For animals that previously experienced the loss of a home or person, events such as moving house or a child leaving home might cause them to revisit a past trauma, or to fear abandonment. Even animals that lived relatively calm and happy lives may find life transitions traumatic.

They’re feeling territorial. If you’re bringing a new animal or person (e.g. a baby) into the household, your existing dog or cat might become territorial or possessive, and not want to share their humans with the new animal or person.

TWO YEARS OF TRANSITION Over the past two years and more, we and our animal companions have faced a lot of pandemic-related transitions, ranging from changes in our work situations to the loss of family members who were hospitalized with COVID-19 for long periods, or who died. On top of that, unprecedented wildfires and storms have resulted in extreme stress and upheaval for thousands. Our dogs and cats have been enduring waves of anxiety and fear radiating from us humans, along with lockdowns, relocations and other stressful events. With all this chaos, both we and our animals can benefit from from Reiki.

“I always include everyone in the household, people and animals alike,” says Kelly. “The whole family can benefit from feeling more peaceful around the situation. In the end, Reiki goes where it is needed.”

The next time you face a life transition, keep Reiki in mind as a way to create a peaceful environment and relieve your stress — and your dog or cat’s.

Reiki Eases the Death Transition Reiki can also ease the passing of a dog or cat by bringing peace to the animal – and her humans.

"Reiki can help with all types of transition, [including that] from life to death,” says holistic veterinarian Dr. Anna Maria Wolf. “On one memorable occasion, I was helping a friend's cat transition, and Reiki was used to help ease the process. As always, Reiki brought about peace and calm for him and everyone else present.

The family’s other cat was there too, and as his friend transitioned, he watched the spirit leave, his eyes following it up towards the sky. After that, he would sit peacefully on the spot where his friend left.”

Animal Wellness

77

NUTRITION KNOW-HOW

How does a

meatless diet measure

up for your dog?

BY SARA JORDAN-HEINTZ

Believe it or not, dogs can do well on a meatless diet. If you’re thinking of switching your canine companion to a vegan or vegetarian menu, here’s what you need to know.

Dogs love meat — there’s no getting around that fact. But can they do without it? It’s a question more and more people are asking, as concerns about the environmental and ethical impacts of raising meat animals become more widely known.

If you’re considering switching your own dog to a vegan or vegetarian diet, this article will arm you with the knowledge you need to make the right decision for him.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF A MEATLESS DIET? There are a number of reasons why people turn to a vegan or vegetarian diet for their canine companions: Dogs with food allergies can be sensitive to some meat proteins. A meatless diet can accommodate these sensitivities.

A vegetable-based diet is much more environmentally sustainable than one composed primarily of meat.

Given the rising cost of meat, a vegan or vegetarian diet may be more economical, especially if you grow some of your own product.

Those who are concerned about the ethical issues surrounding meat production feel better about feeding their dogs a vegan or vegetarian diet.

78

Animal Wellness

Many of the meats used in pet foods are contaminated with pharmaceutical drugs and chemicals, which can be harmful to your dog’s health. “The slaughter animal feed, human and pet food industry is intertwined with the chemical pharmaceutical drug industry,” says Eric Weisman of Evolution Diet, a company that offers plant protein vegan foods for dogs and cats. “Most of the drugs and chemicals added to foods are not included on labels, and don’t have to be, according to government requirements.”

WHAT THE RESEARCH SAYS A recent study of 2,639 dogs and their humans, conducted by the University of Winchester, indicates that a vegan diet is a healthy choice for canines (www.winchester.ac.uk/newsand-events/press-centre/media-articles/vegan-diets-may-be-thehealthiest-to-feed-pet-dogs-say-researchers.php).

1

The researchers looked at the prevalence of 22 specific health disorders, including skin/coat issues, dental problems, allergic dermatitis and arthritis. One or more of these conditions were found to occur in 49% of dogs eating conventional meat diets; 43% of those on raw meat diets; and only 36% of those being fed vegan diets.

“The findings show that…dogs fed conventional meat diets appeared to be less healthy than those fed either a raw meat or a vegan diet,” states the study. “They had poorer health indicators in almost all cases. Dogs fed raw meat diets

appeared to fare marginally better than those fed vegan diets.

However, the effect sizes were statistically small, in every case.”

2

“A published 2021 International Guelph University Ontario Veterinary College study proves that dogs — and cats — live healthier and longer on plant-based vegan Evolution Diet pet foods, as compared to those eating fleshbased pet foods, including prescription diets, raw flesh diets and conventional flesh-based premium pet foods,” says Eric.

rice, barley, oats, millet, quinoa, sorghum, and rye.

Algae also contains adequate amounts of protein, as do vegetables such as broccoli, kale and mushrooms.

While many dogs thrive on a meatless diet, it’s important to do your homework before turning your own canine companion vegan or vegetarian. Your vet should regularly monitor his nutrient levels, and supplements may be required depending on your dog’s individual needs or health status. Done properly, though, a meatless diet is very doable, and is healthier for your dog, and the planet!

Ensuring a balanced diet

Dogs are omnivores Dogs possess several key omnivorous traits, which means they’re drawn to consuming both plants and animals. Canines were domesticated by humans tens of thousands of years ago, which means they’ve evolved to eat a wider variety of foods than their wild cousins, including vegetables, fruits and grains as well as meats.

“I think most veterinarians would agree that, over the centuries, the digestive system of the dog has adapted to allow them to eat and even require a more complex diet than that of the wolf,” says Dr. Jerry Klein, Chief Veterinary Officer for the American Kennel Club.

An adult dog’s diet should be 15% to 30% protein.

Some critics of vegan or vegetarian diets say that, without monitoring, it can be easy for dogs to become deficient in protein, as well as amino acids, and some vitamins and minerals. An amino acid imbalance can result in heart issues.

Buying a prepared, high quality, plantbased dog food, rather than making it yourself, helps ensure your canine companion is getting the nutrients he needs. Look for high-protein meat alternatives such as legumes and beans.

MEATLESS FOODS YOU CAN ADD TO HIS MEALS Even if you’re not ready for your dog to go vegan or vegetarian, you can cut down on the meat by adding a wide variety of meatless protein-packed foods to his diet. It’s a good idea to talk to a holistic/integrative veterinarian or canine nutritionist for guidance, and be sure to proceed slowly to help avoid digestive upsets.

Eggs are a good source of protein, linoleic acid, and vitamin A. Adding a dollop of yogurt or cottage cheese to his meals adds some extra protein.

Dogs can eat peanut butter in moderation — avoid brands that include added salt, sugar or xylitol.

Grains are another source of protein, but many dogs have allergies to wheat and corn. Alternatives include brown Animal Wellness

79

KNOW YOUR CAT

What Position does Your Kitty Sleep in?

80

Cats sleep more than just about any other companion animal — in fact, they spend around two-thirds of their lives snoozing! A recent study by Veterinarians.org revealed that cats have no fewer than 11 sleeping positions — and each one means something different!

Hiding Face

All Sprawled Out

In A Box

This feline is comfortable, content, and relaxed. He loves his home and feels no threat from his surroundings.

Many cats derive comfort and protection from sleeping in enclosed spaces.

Belly Up

On Edge

A cat who sleeps belly-up is devoted and trusts her people. Be proud that she feels so safe with you!

A cat that sleeps on the edge of a couch, railing or staircase likes to keep an eye on what’s going on around him.

Bread Loaf

Sideways

By sitting upright, a cat is ready to spring into action at any moment but is nevertheless mostly comfortable with his surroundings.

When a cat lies sideways, her belly is partially exposed — this is a sign of trust.

Curled Up

Sitting Up

A cat that sleeps curled up is affectionate but loves the extra warmth and protection.

A cat that sleeps sitting up with his tail wrapped around his feet is able to wake up quickly if need be.

Half-Open Eyes

Cuddled Up

Cats are predators by nature, so they’ll often sleep with half-open eyes — and constantly moving ears — to stay alert.

If your cat likes to lie on top of you or another animal, it means he likes the warmth and tactile stimulation.

Animal Wellness

This cat is very comfortable and in such a deep sleep that she’s unconsciously covering her face.

New kitchen prioritizes sustainability as well as pet nutrition Sustainability is an important consideration in today’s world, so when a pet food company incorporates this approach into their facilities, it’s something to celebrate. A global leader in air-dried pet nutrition, ZIWI is soon to open its newest kitchen in Napier, New Zealand. Three years in the works, this state-ofthe-art kitchen will double the company’s production capacity when it opens later this summer.

COMMITTED TO THE PLANET’S HEALTH As part of their commitment to “kaitiaki” — being guardians and caretakers of the land and sea — ZIWI is making a meaningful investment in sustainability so they can reduce their environmental impact as much as they can. The new kitchen is integrated into the local landscape, ensuring a symbiotic relationship with New Zealand’s land, sea, and creatures. The company’s engineering teams have been working hard to incorporate as much new environmentally-friendly technology as possible into the facility. The new kitchen will have solar power, and innovative technology that will clean the air from their food dryers. In addition, sustainable timber is being used for a large percentage of the wood paneling and furniture.

Outside, the company will plant gardens with native foliage to encourage birds, bees and insects to share in their new home. The plantings will be grown with water collected by a rainfall retention system. This will also help support the creation of a wetland area to bring more diversity to the environment.

NEW KITCHEN; SAME PASSION While ZIWI’s products will now be made in a new and larger kitchen, the same passionate Kiwis (New Zealanders) will still be hand-crafting the company’s small-batch recipes. And despite COVID-related delays in building and material supplies, the ZIWI team is ready to cut the ribbon, open the kitchen, and deliver their world-class products — using the same trustworthy ingredients — to the homes of even more animal parents all over the world.

ZIWI TRULY CARES FOR ANIMALS ZIWI believes that the secret to every great recipe is the quality of its ingredients. Their foods are farmed without growth promoters or hormones, and their freerange, grass-fed meats and local poultry are ethically raised under New Zealand’s Freedom Principles: 1. Freedom from Hunger and Thirst 2. Freedom from Discomfort 3. Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease 4. Freedom to Express Natural Behavior 5. Freedom from Fear and Distress Meanwhile, the company’s seafood comes from the world’s top-ranked fisheries, noted for their quality, freshness and nutrition.

A pet food company that cares about the planet’s health as well as your animal’s is worth looking into!

Animal Wellness

81

LET'S GET SOCIAL

FALL into WELLNESS

with our social media features!

Check out our Facebook, Instagram & YouTube for all things Animal Wellness!

News Upd

ates

Contests

Visit magazine. https://animalwellness / sts nte /co com

Educational Articles & Blogs

Innovative Products

Funny Memes & Videos

@sid ekick_sale m

& MORE Adorable Photos, Funny Videos & Much More Tag us in your photos for your chance to be featured in the next issue or on our social media! @animalwellnessmagazine

82

Animal Wellness

@animalwellnessmagazine

Animal Wellness Magazine

The Benefits of Healthy Training Treats for Dogs Training your dog can sometimes be a challenge, especially if you’re trying to teach him to stop doing something he loves.

The key to success is finding a reward your dog will be excited to work for. Treats are a sure-fire way to make the training process efficient and stress-free.

WHY USE TREATS? Food is a primary reinforcer — something your dog doesn’t need to learn how to like. By using treats for training, he will learn to respond to cues because it’s a rewarding experience for him. For example, you can quickly use treats for teaching him a new behavior. Try holding a treat in your hand, then place your hand in front of your dog’s head or nose to entice him to follow it. In this case, the smellier the treat, the better! This method is a force-free way to move your dog into the desired position and can be repeated numerous times. Your dog will quickly learn to sit or follow you if you reward him with a small treat each time he’s successful.

AVOID MAKING TREATS A BRIBE When you’re just starting to teach your dog a new behavior, you can use a treat to make the behavior happen, or as a reward.

When using a treat as a lure for training, it’s important that you switch to a prompt — using your hand in the same way, but without a treat — and then fade out the hand as soon as possible.

Many dogs get used to following a lure, so the transition to a

ADVERTORIAL

prompt is easy and seamless. However, you want to avoid creating a situation in which your dog refuses to respond to a previously taught cue until you show her you have a food treat. By fading out the hand lure during the training process, you will avoid the problem of having your dog only respond to food as a bribe.

FINDING A HEALTHY TREAT FOR YOUR PUP Using treats can help build the good habits we want in our dogs, but the trick is to make sure the treats are healthy. When sourcing a healthy product, checking the ingredients is very important.

You want to avoid any treats that list dyes, by-products, corn, and propylene glycol as main ingredients. Instead, look for those that have meat as the first or second ingredient, along with vitamins, vegetables, and fruit. Farm Fresh Pet Foods, soon to be Tilted Barn Pet Company, offers natural, pepperoni-style dog treats made with clean and simple Canadian ingredients from the human food market.

Smoked beef, bacon and lamb are the headliners, along with oatmeal, liquid honey, a small amount of brown sugar, garlic and sea salt.

Because the treats are made without any preservatives or casings, the brown sugar is used to hold the treats together in a soft stick form that is easy to break into smaller pieces for training. The honey is hydrophilic, which means it binds to water molecules and inhibits mold growth. Tilted Barn treats are very aromatic, making them perfect to capture and keep your dog’s attention. With their clean and wholesome ingredients, all dog parents can feel good about using them for a high-value training reward! tiltedbarnpetco.com

Animal Wellness

83

IN THE NEWS

How Pets are Helping AIDS Survivors through Two Pandemics During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people turned to their animal companions to help them feel less lonely and isolated. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, wanted to learn what role animals played in helping those who had already survived the HIV/ AIDS pandemic, and were now dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic as well.

Professor Lynette Hart with the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine led a study that examined whether longterm HIV/AIDS survivors fared better during the AIDS or COVID pandemic, and if companion animals helped reduce their feelings of isolation, sadness and stigma. The survey involved mostly older males who developed HIV before 1996.

“The underlying question in our minds has always been: what role do pets play for people who are so isolated and suffering so much stigma?” Hart says.

DOG PARENTS FELT LESS ALONE Published in the journal Animals, the study found that HIV/AIDS survivors felt far more grief, isolation and stigma during the AIDS pandemic than during COVID. It also found that older men, despite experiencing adversity during the AIDS pandemic, were able to cope better during COVID — especially if they had a dog.

“I don’t think dogs are magically making them better, but dogs are making a difference,” says Hart. “Older HIV/AIDS survivors may also have more coping strategies, and dogs are part of that. They take their dogs on walks and meet people in their neighborhood and remain more socially connected.”

Hart adds that cat parents felt more alone, isolated and unsupported, even though they were universal in saying that their cats comforted them. She goes on to say that supportive pet care service organizations that keep people

84

Animal Wellness

with special needs and their companion animals together could focus particularly on providing cat parents with greater support.

MANY HIV/AIDS SURVIVORS LACK FAMILY SUPPORT Very few of the HIV/AIDS survivors who responded to the survey received family support during either pandemic. “I think it’s important to know that long-term survivors of AIDS are resilient, and a lot of them would say that animals were a big part of that,” says study co-author Ken Gorczyca, founding veterinarian for Pets Are Wonderful Support (PAWS). “Having an animal companion gave many a sense of purpose in life, especially in the 1980s and ’90s when AIDS was so bad and there was virtually no support from government, or many times from your family.” www.ucdavis.edu/news

AW MARKETPLACE

If you would like to advertise in AW Marketplace, please call: 1-866-764-1212

CLASSIFIEDS Animal Communicators

CAROL SCHULTZ — Animal Communicator/Intuitive Healing Support.

Interactive, compassionate, practical, and insightful Consultations and Energy Balancing for all species. Assistance with emotional, behavioral, physical, end of life, and animals of spirit. Classes & mentoring available. (815) 531-2850 www. carolschultz.com

Contact us to order your classified ad 1-866-764-1212 or classified@animalwellnessmagazine.com

Associations

MORRIS ANIMAL FOUNDATION — We are a global leader in supporting studies to find solutions to serious health threats to animals. Since our founding, we’ve invested more than $136 million in 2,780+ studies that have improved the health and quality of life for dogs, cats, horses, and wildlife around the world. We believe animals make the world a better place.

Animals are our family members, our SHIRLEY SCOTT — Internationally known companions, and our inspiration. Whether Animal Communicator & Clairvoyant we work on staff, serve as board connects with your pets here or in spirit. members, or volunteer as scientific She reads emotional/behavior/health advisers, each of us strives every day to problems, provides classes & workshops make the world a brighter place for in animal communication & training. (541) animals — and those who love them.

577-3051, sscott@shirley-scott.com, www. www.morrisanimalfoundation.org shirley-scott.com

Schools & Training

TALLGRASS ANIMAL ACUPRESSURE RESOURCES — The Pioneers in Animal Acupressure Resources since 1990.

Tallgrass has created animal acupressure books, manuals, meridian charts, videos, acupoint apps, and extensive Home-Study and Hands-On workshops to provide animal guardians, trainers, and healthcare practitioners access to the powerful healing modality of Animal Acupressure. www.animalacupressure.com

Animal Wellness

85

AT HOME

Animals Provide Emotional Support for Self-Employed Singles

At least 70% of American households have a companion animal of some kind, so dogs and cats are a huge part of our family dynamics. Animals provide social and emotional support, and a whopping 87% of dog and cat parents say that sharing their lives and homes with animals has also improved their mental health. This is especially significant for selfemployed single adults, who often work at home and may suffer from feelings of loneliness and social isolation.

FreshBooks, an accounting software company for small business owners, recently explored the topic of emotional support for self-employed singles. They found that animal companions play a key role in these individuals’ mental health and well-being.

The resulting report, written by entrepreneur Damona Hoffman, includes the following highlights: • 2 5% of the self-employed singles surveyed have companion animals.

• 7 2% of these animal parents cited scheduling flexibility as being the main benefit of being self-employed and single.

• 5 1% of self-employed single animal parents live alone, and nearly half (49%) said they’re not interested in a romantic

86

Animal Wellness

relationship, which indicates that at least some of their emotional needs are being met by their four-legged friends.

• 2 8% of self-employed singles who are also animal parents say they don’t have the time to meet or date people.

The report demonstrates that dogs and cats are filling the social needs of self-employed singles, even those who may be missing out on emotional support from other sources.

Just one more reason to adopt a four-legged companion!