V23I2 (Apr/May 2021)

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS HOW NUTRITION CAN

HEAL HER SKIN

5 TIPS

FOR WALKING YOUR DOG DURING COVID

REPEL FLEAS & TICKS WITH THESE 5 COMMON KITCHEN INGREDIENTS

TOP EARTH-FRIENDLY OPTIONS FOR PET WASTE DISPOSAL APRIL/MAY 2021 Display until May 30, 2021

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VOLUME 23 ISSUE 2

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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Animal Wellness

Animal Wellness

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CONTENTS April/May 2021

Columns 16 PEST CONTROL 5 ingredients in your kitchen that repel fleas and ticks Help keep fleas and ticks off your dog and cat with these ten common ingredients!

18 FEET FIRST

26 Features 10

Healing your dog or cat’s skin with nutrition and supplements

Resolving allergies and other skin problems in your animal means getting to the root cause, and using nutrition and supplementation to help heal his skin from the inside out.

26 36

ow to train your dog to enjoy H vet visits

One key to taking the anxiety out of vet visits is to train your dog to calmly accept handling and gentle restraint, and to make the experience from start to finish as pleasant as possible.

Earth-friendly pet waste disposal

68

4

What goes in, must come out…and that means finding safe, earth-friendly ways to dispose of your dog or cat’s waste. Here are some options.

hat can your dog or cat’s skin W tell you about his health?

Pay attention to the condition of your dog or cat’s skin. As his largest and hardest-working organ, it can tell you a lot about his overall health and well-being.

Animal Wellness

Year-round paw care for dogs Taking care of your dog’s paws isn’t just an occasional task. Tending to his tootsies year round helps ensure he keeps all four feet on the ground.

22 FELINE HEALTH What is feline hyperesthesia?

Also called rippling skin syndrome, feline hyperesthesia is an unusual condition that affects cats.

44 CAT

NUTRITION

Does your cat have a food allergy — or a food intolerance?

They’re not one and the same. Understanding the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance is the first step to helping your cat back to health.

47 PANDEMIC POINTERS

5 social distancing tips for walking your dog Exercise is essential for you and your dog during COVID-19, but you also need to keep social distancing in mind.

Here’s how.

47

30 COAT CARE

Why is my dog or cat losing his hair?

Hair loss in dogs and cats has many potential causes. Getting a definitive diagnosis from your veterinarian is the first step to solving the problem.

40 HEALING

INSIDE & OUT

Does apitherapy have applications for dogs and cats?

Apitherapy is the medical use of bee products such as pollen, venom, honey and propolis to help treat a variety of conditons.

Can this approach be applied to dogs and cats?

40

48 NEED TO KNOW

When your dog or cat loses her appetite Inappetence can have many underlying causes, from physical to behavioral. Here are some common reasons your dog or cat may lose her appetite, along with tips to tempt her to eat.

52 LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD

Compassionate dog grooming The term “compassionate dog grooming” has been trending on social media lately. Here’s an inside look at what it’s all about.

68 56 EATING WELL

6 foods that can ward off worms in your dog Intestinal worms are more common in our canine companions than you may think. A variety of foods, from kefir to oats, can help keep these unwanted parasites at bay.

62 IN FOCUS

Understanding vaccinosis in dogs and cats Defined as an adverse reaction to a shot, vaccinosis can affect dogs and cats in various ways, from mild to severe.

66 KNOW

YOUR CAT

DNA testing tells you a lot about your cat From her ancestry to her genetic makeup, DNA testing can reveal some fascinating facts about your cat, while helping scientists learn more about the feline genome.

76 AT THE VET

The annual veterinary exam — what to expect Your dog or cat should see the veterinarian at least once a year for a check-up. Let’s take a look at what an annual veterinary exam entails.

72 NUTRITION FACTS

82 FUN FACTS

How to safely feed your dog a plantbased diet From health benefits to environmental sustainability, there are a lot of perks to plantbased diets. But can our dogs thrive without eating meat or other animal products?

What does your dog’s wagging tail really mean?

A wagging tail doesn’t always indicate that your dog is happy.

Learn how to read your canine companion’s “tail language”.

22

Departments 7 Editorial 15 Newsworthy 21 From the NASC 34 Product picks

60 Wellness

75 Let's get social

resource guide

65 Spring specialties 71 Business profile — ArtemiPet

79 Marketplace 79 Events 81 Classifieds

43 Recall roundup

Social Media

Tips, contests and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Nutrition videos, recipes and more!

Animal Wellness Magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more!

AnimalWellness

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ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS

VOLUME 23 ISSUE 2

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Emily Watson Senior Graphic Designer: Dawn Cumby-Dallin Senior Graphic Designer: Alyssa Dow Graphic Design Intern: Ethan Vorstenbosch Digital Marketing Specialist: Cole McCall Digital Marketing Specialist: Jamie McClure Web Design & Development: Lace Imson Cover Image Courtesy of: Stefanie Mueller COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Summer Alvarado Karen Elizabeth Baril Ihor Basko, DVM, CVA Suzi Beber, Honoris causa Christine Caplan, RVT W. Jean Dodds, DVM Brad Ewankiw, BS Agriculture Tess Faulk Maya Hockley Jean Hofve, DVM Ingrid King Julie Anne Lee, DCH Brian Marshall Shawn Messonnier, DVM Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA Sandra Murphy Mark Newkirk, VMD Karen Shaw Becker, DVM Robert J. Silver, DVM, MS Melody Tavitian-Parra Tonya Wilhelm ADMINISTRATION & SALES President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Accounting: Susan Smith Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services/Marketing & Administration Associate: Brittany Silloats

ON THE COVER PHOTOGRAPH COURTESY OF:

SUBMISSIONS: Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received.

You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8.

Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

Stefanie Mueller

This beauty looks so proud of his gorgeous coat, and no wonder!

Optimal coat and skin health is fundamental to a dog (or cat’s!) comfort and appearance. Learn more in this issue about caring for your companion’s skin and hair to keep him looking and feeling his best — timely topics now allergy season is here.

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ADVERTISING SALES National Sales Manager/Editorial Associate: Kat Shaw, (866) 764-1212 ext. 315 katshaw@redstonemediagroup.com Western Regional Manager: Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 becky@redstonemediagroup.com Multimedia & Editorial Associates: Shannon Bellamy, (866) 764-1212 ext 401 shannon@redstonemediagroup.com CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING: Libby Sinden classifiedads@animalwellnessmagazine.com TO SUBSCRIBE: Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for six issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME: Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a discount for resale in retail shops and through various organizations. Call Libby at (866) 764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at (705) 742-4596 or e-mail at libby@animalwellnessmagazine.com

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published six times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2021. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: March 2021. proudly supporting

improving the lives of animals... one reader at a time.

FROM THE EDITOR

Live and

learn!

A

s I write this, it’s been about a year since our first COVID lockdown. I don’t know about you, but I’ve developed some new talents over the last 12 months. For instance, I can now work on a puzzle even when the cat is sprawled out on top of it (I just gave up trying to move her).

And I don’t even blink during a Zoom call when the dog decides she must bark for ten full minutes to announce that another dog just walked by the house. Still, after a long COVID winter, I’m definitely looking forward to the warmer weather, the spring sunshine, and best of all, more outdoor fun with our four-legged pals!

Of course, spring also marks the beginning of bug season — and that can mean allergies and other skin problems.

My childhood dog suffered during the warmer months but, looking back, I realize some of those issues were diet-related.

In this issue of AW, you’ll find out how to heal your dog or cat from the inside out with our article on nutrition and supplements for the skin. Plus, you’ll discover some common kitchen ingredients you can use to help repel fleas and ticks, and learn how to “read” your dog or cat’s skin for clues to his overall health. We also look at the various cause of hair loss, and offer tips on year-round paw care for dogs.

Another big topic these days is sustainability, and what we can do to reduce the size of our carbon footprints — and those of our dogs and cats! Check out our articles on the best options for earth-friendly pet waste disposal, and how to transition your dog to a plant-based diet (it can be done, but does require some knowhow).

If you have kitties, you’ll want to read about feline food allergies and intolerances, and how to tell the difference.

We also focus on a strange condition called “rippling skin syndrome”, and look at what DNA testing can tell you about your cat and the feline genome.

There’s lots more to inspire you as we spring into the new season, from foods that help prevent parasites to an exploration of bee medicine. And as you head out the door to walk your dog, learn how to factor social distancing into your outings while enjoying what nature has to offer this time of year!

While we’re talking about all this learning, I have another important announcement — the launch of the Animal Wellness Academy in June of this year — see page 13 for more details and visit us at AnimalWellnessAcademy.org. If you love to stay informed on all things dog, cat, and horse from the top experts in the world, this is the place to be!

Dana Cox Editor-in-Cheif

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine Animal Wellness

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CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Ihor Basko graduated from Michigan State University in 1971. He studied herbology in California, and was certified in acupuncture through the IVAS in1982. He has a holistic practice on Kauai, Hawaii, offering dietary therapy, acupuncture, massage, laser therapy, TCM herbs and more. His current interests are the study of Hawaii’s medicinal plants, and the biochemistry and biophysics of medicinal plants and mushrooms. p 10

Dr. Suzi Beber has been creating special needs diets for animals for two decades. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. p. 56

Veterinarian Dr. Jean Dodds received her veterinary degree in 1964 from the Ontario Veterinary College. In 1986, she established Hemopet, the first non-profit national blood bank program for animals. Dr. Dodds has been a member of many committees on hematology, animal models of human disease and veterinary medicine. She received the Holistic Veterinarian of the Year Award from the AHVMA in 1994. p. 62

Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behavior issues. One of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behavior services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com). p. 26

Veterinarian Dr. Jean Hofve (retired) earned her DVM at Colorado State University. She also studied veterinary homeopathy, homotoxicology, Reiki and other holistic modalities. She has researched pet food and feline nutrition for more than two decades, and is an expert on holistic pet health and the commercial pet food industry. Dr. Hofve is an official advisor to AAFCO, and co-authored the books Holistic Cat Care and Paleo Dog. p. 44

Ingrid King is a former veterinary hospital manager and author of five cat books, including Buckley’s Story: Lessons from a Feline Master Teacher and Tortitude: The BIG Book of Cats with a BIG Attitude. Her blog, “The Conscious Cat”, is an award-winning resource for conscious living, health and happiness for cats and their humans (ConsciousCat.com).

Ingrid writes for magazines and websites around the world. p. 66

Veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier wrote The Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating Cancer in Dogs and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s “Dr. Shawn — The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics. His practice, Paws & Claws Animal Hospital (pawsandclawsanimalhospital.com) is in Plano, Texas. p. 76

Tess Faulk believes in caring for the whole dog, mind and body. Her Peticure salon was created as a sacred healing space for dogs to get their nails done safely and calmly. Using her knowledge of animal nutrition, Ayurveda for dogs, animal communication and flower essences, Tess has perfected her craft of calming and comforting the dogs in her care for the best results. Tess is a member of the Association of Holistic Pet Professionals. p. 52

Veterinarian Dr. Jared Mitchell graduated from Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine in 2004. In 2010, he opened Mitchell Animal Clinic in Mobile, Alabama, and began incorporating holistic modalities into his practice. Dr. Mitchell is completing certification to become a Certified Veterinary Medical Aromatherapist through the VMAA, and plans to achieve certifications in herbal medicine, acupuncture, chiropractic and more. p. 30

Karen Elizabeth Baril is a pet blogger, author, and magazine writer.

Her work has appeared in numerous animal and equine publications (karenelizabethbaril.com). She lives on her farm in the northwestern hills of Connecticut with her three horses, two dogs, and whatever animals may trundle through during the night. p. 68

Veterinarian Dr. Mark Newkirk graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1981. After practicing traditionally for 16 years, he studied under Dr Marty Goldstein, a pioneer of alternative medicine.

As Dr. Newkirk’s practice grew, he moved to his current location in Egg Harbor Township, NJ, where he blends traditional and alternative medicine, including chiropractic, homeopathy, NAET, and Chinese herbs (newkirkfamilyveterinarians.com). p. 40

Maya Hockley is a business graduate and long-time advocate for animal health. In her free time, you can find her on a boat, a ski hill, or taking in another foster animal for rehabilitation. p. 43

Veterinarian Dr. Karen Shaw Becker received her degree from the Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine. She owns/operates Natural Pet Animal Hospital, Feathers Bird Clinic, TheraPaw Rehabilitation and Pain Management Clinic and Covenant Wildlife Rehabilitation in Illinois.

She co-authored Real Food for Healthy Pets and hosts a holistic animal wellness website (mercolahealthypets.com). p 22 Christine Caplan is a Certified Vet Tech, and a long-time PR veteran and content marketing expert who brings her unique understanding of social and digital media to connect dog lovers to brands both on and offline. She lives with three hounds — two “doxies” and a beagle/basset hound mix — who constantly teach her about life and companionship (mylifewithdogspdx.com). p. 47

Melody Tavitian-Parra is a UCLA graduate, majoring in English literature and Spanish. While at university, she wrote for UCLA’s LaGente Magazine where she had her own column discussing Latin flavor in the fashion industry. Melody then went to Puerto Rico for a year to teach English/Writing. She is also an actress, and passionate about animal welfare, film, and health/fitness. Her acting work can be seen on IMDb under Melody Parra. p. 18

Brian Marshall has won numerous writing awards during his 30-plus year career in journalism. The Detroit native and Western Michigan University grad has owned two dachshunds and currently shares his life with a mixed hound. p. 82

Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. p. 36

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Animal Wellness

Correction: In the last issue (AW V23I1), we stated that Dr. Janet Gordon Palm graduated from Kennesaw State University — it should be Kansas State University. Our apologies to Dr. Gordon Palm for the error.

TACKLING

YOUR DOG OR CAT’S SKIN PROBLEMS WITH

NUTRITION & SUPPLEMENTS

By Ihor Basko, DVM, CVA

D gs Cats

It may seem counterintuitive, but skin problems in dogs and cats need to be addressed from the inside out, not the outside in. While it’s important to alleviate the discomfort of your animal’s itching and inflammation, it’s also crucial to get to the root cause of the problem. Otherwise, symptoms will just keep resurfacing. This article focuses on the foods, supplements, and medicinal herbs that can be used to support the repair, regeneration and restoration of healthy skin in dogs and cats.

WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY GOALS? Helping the animal’s immune system become more resistant to infections, and decreasing the amount of inflammatory substances released by the immune cells, are important treatment goals when it comes to skin problems. The immune system begins in the gut. We are dealing with both the microbiome of the gut, which includes the immune cells, and the microbiome of the skin (immune cells, beneficial bacteria and yeasts, protective oils, and cellular fluids).

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Resolving allergies and other skin problems in your dog or cat involves much more than just stopping the itch. It also means getting to the root cause of the problem, and using nutrition and supplementation to help heal his skin from the inside out.

Overtreatment with antibiotics will “wipe out” the protective microbes in the skin and gut, making the animal more susceptible to yeast and fungal infections. A probiotic can help restore the immune system in the gut, along with prebiotic fiber starches such as kabocha pumpkin, green papaya, and more (see sidebar on opposite page).

TABLE 1

CONVENTIONAL TREATMENTS DON’T SOLVE THE PROBLEM Conventional medicine will help control symptoms, but unless the underlying conditions are diagnosed and treated, the problems will reoccur or even worsen.

• The overuse of antibiotics, as mentioned above, creates resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and yeasts, and makes the animal more susceptible to reinfection. Antibiotics will also cause an imbalance of the digestive system and microbiome, resulting in food sensitivities, poor digestion and diarrhea.

• Additionally, the overuse of harsh chemical and antibiotic shampoos and lotions means the skin cannot heal properly.

• Drugs and steroids suppress the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections.

• The conventional approach includes few to no treatments that involve nutrition to improve skin health from the inside.

START BY CORRECTING NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES Many animals on commercial diets develop underlying deficiencies of zinc, Omega-3s, vitamin A, collagen, and antioxidants. Zinc deficiency arises from diets high in calcium and phytates (peas, lentils, legumes); many allergy-prone dogs develop allergies to the pea protein in “grain-free” diets. Dietary fatty acid deficiencies (Omega-3, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic) will also induce various forms of abnormal skin, especially in cats — if the skin is dry, think “deficiency”.

Common symptoms of nutritional deficiency include: • Dry skin, flaky, lusterless coat (lack of essential oils and amino acids) • Chronic alopecia (hypothyroidism) • Skin that feels cooler than normal (hypothyroidism) • Skin that has dry flakes with or without pruritis (itching) • Lichenification • Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis nigricans, darkening of skin (hormonal) • Dry eyes, dullness, possibly crusty discharge from eyes • Dry, warm, crusty nose (chronic inflammation) • Parasites A variety of nourishing foods, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, seen in the table below, can help correct these nutritional deficiencies.

TABLE 2

Treatment plan for most skin problems, especially if they’re

CHRONIC 1 . Improve the gut microbiome (decrease hyper-immune reactions) a Prebiotic fiber foods — broccoli family, kabocha and other squashes, celery, beet root, steel cut oats (organic), pearl barley, quinoa, green papaya, cabbage b Probiotics — from organic dairy products, or capsules with live organisms 2 . Decrease inflammation a Omega-3s b Quercetin c L uteolin foods — celery, broccoli family, parsley, basils d Chinese herbal formulas — Kochia -13, Coptis Purge Fire, Xanthium-12, Tang Kuei and Arctium, Tang Kuei and Tribilis, and others 3 . Heal the skin: repair, regenerate a Collagen/bone broth b Choline/eggs, liver, meats c Astaxanthin (BioAstin) d Other vitamin A precursors — yellow/orange vegetables such as pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potato, as well as cooked tomatoes, spinach, tuna, beef liver e Zinc foods — nutritional yeast, pumpkin seeds, squash seeds, meats, green beans, mushrooms

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GET TO THE ROOT OF INFLAMMATION Although we want to suppress and mollify the dog or cat’s itching, chewing, scratching and discomfort, these symptoms will return unless we get to the source of the problem, so it’s important to figure out what’s causing it in the first place. An acute and chronic inflammatory process can be triggered by:

Don’t forget

amino acids These building blocks of protein and skin cells are also necessary for skin healing: • Arginine — for skin repair • Histidine — antioxidant and antiinflammatory • Methionine — for detoxification • Lysine — for skin structure • Proline, leucine and Glycine — these fill in the gaps

• Inappropriate vaccination methods (giving vaccines when the animal is already inflamed and the immune system is “hyper”) • Foods or ingredients (commercial processed food, herbicides, heavy metals, pesticides, preservatives) • Molds, pollens, grasses, fungi • Parasites (fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, mites) • Allergens from carpets, furniture, dog beds, fire and mold retardants • Genetically-acquired allergy sensitivities (environment, foods, climate) from mother • Weather and climate changes (hot/damp, hot/dry, wind) Many adult dogs develop food allergies, especially when eating commercial pet foods. Feeding puppies processed commercial “puppy food” is one of the main causes of allergies in adult dogs.

The immune system becomes “hyper-immunized”, causing inflammatory reactions to certain food ingredients, including corn, wheat, soy, chicken, rice, tapioca, legumes, fish meal, and egg byproducts. Anti-inflammatory supplements include Omega-3 and Omega-6 from flax, evening primrose oil, or borage oil.

These amino acids can be found in foods such as fish, meats, eggs, quinoa, and buckwheat.

TABLE 4

INCLUDE ANTIOXIDANTS AS FOODS OR SUPPLEMENTS Supplementing the diet with vegetables and fruits high in antioxidants, in addition to specific nutraceutical antioxidants for the skin (pill, powders, oils), would be the first and best thing to add to a treatment plan for canine and feline skin problems. Tables 3 and 4 outline the ones I use most commonly.

TABLE 3

Additional antixoidants • Ripe papaya contains vitamin A and high amounts of vitamin C. • Quercetin is both an antioxidant and anti-Inflammatory; it modulates the Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses.

• Melatonin not only helps with sleep, it is also an antioxidant, and improves hair growth, collagen, and skin healing.

As you can see, healing a dog or cat’s skin problems isn’t just about putting him on anti-itch medications. It involves getting to the root cause of the inflammation, whether it’s allergies or another condition, improving his gut microbiome, correcting any nutritional deficiencies, and adding antioxidants and other nutrients to his diet through food or supplementation. The process takes time and patience, but because it reaches so far beneath the surface symptoms, the results will be much more satisfying for you and your animal companion.

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Biologically appropriate probiotics factor in the specific needs of our animal companions.

THE NEXT GENERATION OF

PROBIOTICS FOR DOGS AND CATS When I first started treating animals for leaky gut syndrome in my holistic veterinary hospital almost 20 years ago, doctors, veterinarians and others thought I was ridiculous. Luckily, I have learned from experience that if someone looks at me like I’m crazy, I know it means I’m on the right track! Currently, I’m very excited about a landmark study I’m immersed in: the new generation of probiotics specifically researched and developed for animals.

Most dog and cat parents are overwhelmed by the number of probiotics out there. As a result, many are falling prey to a multibillion dollar industry that’s more concerned with getting a product to market than with gut health as the multifaceted ecosystem it is. Until a few years ago, the probiotics we gave to animals were in fact human probiotics, meaning they were never tested to see if they remained viable in the species they were consumed by. All species have a different gut pH balance, so if bacteria cannot thrive in that environment, the probiotic is not only a waste but can actually be harmful.

By Julie Anne Lee, DCH

The facts • Over 80% of the immune system lives in the gut.

• A normal digestive tract contains both “good” and “bad” (pathogenic) bacteria.

• Digestive or intestinal upsets, as well as many diseases or conditions, can result in the digestive tract becoming “unbalanced” — when pathogenic bacteria take over the environment, overwhelming the “good guys” and creating poor gut health.

• The overuse of drugs, especially antibiotics, non-steroidal antiinflammatories, and steroids, as well as over-vaccination, processed food, stress, grains, beans, etc., can damage the gut environment.

• An imbalanced gut can result in reduced digestion and vitamin production, as well as malnutrition, no matter how amazing the food is.

• A poor microbiome can result in a weakened immune system.

Biologically appropriate probiotics Doesn’t it make sense that our companion animals be given probiotics developed with their specific needs in mind? This is the project I’ve been working on — the

next generation of probiotics for your dog and cat (and horse). For the last four years, I’ve been working with a highly skilled, diversified team to find biologically appropriate probiotics for our animal companions.

I want to make it really easy for you to find the best probiotics for your companion animals. So when searching through the sea of products, make sure you find one with the following two key attributes. This will ensure your animal is getting a probiotic that will remain viable in his gut, and deliver all the benefits these friendly bacteria have to offer!

1. Isolated from species-specific origin — collected from the feces of a healthy animal (i.e. from dogs, for dogs) 2. Proven through research to survive gastric acid digestion — the probiotics actually get to where they need to be.

Finding the best probiotic for your dog or cat is imperative to his health and longevity. The next generation of probiotics fits that bill.

Julie Anne Lee, DCH, has spent her life learning and teaching others how to provide healthy, holistic care to our adored beasts.

Adored Beast Apothecary is the culmination of her decades of experience in the trenches of holistic healthcare, which included opening the first licensed holistic veterinary hospital in Canada.

NEWSWORTHY

By Summer Alvarado

PEST CONTROL

ingredients in your kitchen that repel fleas and ticks

D gs Cats

By Emily Watson

Help keep fleas and ticks off your dog and cat with these five common ingredients!

It’s almost that time of year again…flea and tick season. Instead of reaching for chemical spot-on preventatives (which can do more harm than good), why not prevent your dog or cat from being bugged in a more natural fashion?

Believe it or not, a number of common ingredients can be used to fend off fleas and ticks — and they might already be in your fridge or pantry!

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Animal Wellness

Apple cider vinegar Is there anything ACV isn’t good for?

Because of its acidity, this ingredient is displeasing to fleas and ticks. That said, its acidity also makes it a too bit harsh to apply directly to your animal’s skin, so be careful! Instead of applying it undiluted, you can use ACV to make your own homemade bug spray using the following recipe:

• 4 cups distilled water • 1 cup apple cider vinegar • 3 tablespoons aloe vera • 1 tablespoon peppermint castile soap Combine all ingredients in a spray bottle and apply liberally to your animal’s coat as needed.

Yeast Brewer’s yeast is another ingredient with high acidity, which makes it a great weapon against fleas and ticks. It also contains many vitamins and minerals, including magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, B vitamins, and antioxidants. You can add this ingredient to your pup’s meals — just be careful not to give him too much as it’s known to cause gas.

COMBAT fleas AND ticks WITH ESSENTIAL OILS

High quality, therapeutic grade essential oils make a great addition to any bug-repelling regime. Certain EOs like citronella, clove, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cedarwood and lavender work to deter most insects. Simply mix a few drops in a bottle with water and spritz your indoor and outdoor spaces. You can also add a drop or two directly to your animal’s collar, bed or coat. Again, be absolutely sure to use a top quality brand that’s safe for dogs and cats, and avoid spraying essential oils near his face!

Roughly one tablespoon per day for a 50lb dog is recommended.

Lemon juice No discussion about acidity would be complete without a mention of citrus!

Combine equal parts lemon juice and water and spritz your dog (and yourself) to combat fleas and ticks. Don’t use this blend on cats — they tend to not like lemon.

Herbs Common herbs like rosemary and mint are a great way to flavor your favorite dishes…and fend off bugs! Boil the leaves from these herbs and allow the water to cool before spraying it on your animal’s coat.

No lemon juice on hand? Boil some orange peels and use that water instead… once it’s cooled, of course.

Almond oil This nutty oil contains sulfur, a natural tick repellent. Just put some on your palms and massage it directly into your animal’s skin and coat to keep biters at bay. He’ll also reap the additional benefits almond oil has to offer — it’ll moisturize, condition and help reduce skin inflammation!

WHY ARE SPOT-ON FLEA AND TICK PRODUCTS SO DANGEROUS? Visit animalwellnessmagazine.com/spoton-flea-tick-preventives to find out!

Already have fleas?

If your home is already flea-infested, it’ll take more than a little lemon juice to rectify the problem. To rid your space (and animals) of these pests, follow these steps: 1 . Clean your space — Thoroughly vacuum all carpets, upholstery and mattresses, wash (and heat dry) your bedding and clothes, and wipe down all surfaces, including walls and baseboards, with a natural all-purpose cleaner.

2 . Bath your animal — Pick up a natural flea shampoo and wash your dog or cat from head to tail. Fleas typically gravitate toward the neck and base of the tail, so spend extra time scrubbing those areas.

Rinse well.

3 . Remove flea eggs — Using a flea comb, remove eggs and dead adult fleas from your animal’s coat.

Note: unless you opt to use chemicalbased products around your house and on your animal (which should only be a last resort), this three-step process may have to be repeated a few times before you’re flea-free.

Animal Wellness

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Yearround

FEET FIRST

paw care for dogs

By Melody Tavitian-Parra

Taking care of your dog’s paws isn’t just an occasional task. Tending to his tootsies year round helps ensure he keeps all four feet on the ground.

W

hen it comes to healthcare for our dogs, we sometimes take their feet for granted and leave them out of the equation. But your canine’s paws should be an integral part of his care regimen, whatever the season. If your dog’s feet are sore or injured, his mobility and well-being can suffer, and that’s no fun for either of you. Here’s how to factor his feet into your canine’s care year round.

CHECK HIS FEET REGULARLY Making a regular ritual out of thoroughly checking your dog’s paws throughout the year helps ensure you’ll find any issues before they become serious problems. This includes inspecting the condition of his pads, looking between his toes, checking his claws, and also feeling the sides and top of each foot.

A healthy foot should have tough but supple paw pads, without excessive dryness or any cracks, punctures or splits.

His claws shouldn’t be so long that his feet angle upwards when he stands or walks.

Any sores, warts, or unusual lumps or bumps anywhere on the foot, including the ankle area, should be investigated by your veterinarian. A foul odor or inflammation between the toes are also signs of a problem and should be checked out — dogs can get allergies or yeast infections in these areas, which can lead to excessive licking and chewing.

Be sure to keep his claws trimmed to a comfortable length — your vet or groomer can help you with this if you’re not confident about doing it yourself. You can also trim the hair between his toes if it gets too long.

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PAW CARE THROUGH THE SEASONS Let’s take a look at some tips and tricks to keep your pup’s paws in optimal condition all year round.

toes or in the hair of his feet, remove it right away either by hand or by carefully cutting it away with grooming clippers. If a stick, stone, or other foreign body (e.g. a piece of glass or metal) is embedded in his foot or toes, a trip to the vet is in order.

DUST AND POLLEN OUCH! BURRS, AND DEBRIS — OH MY! FOXTAILS AND THORNS A particularly important time to check your dog’s paws is after a walk or outdoor playtime. Wiping down his feet with a damp cloth helps remove any potential allergens such as dirt or pollen, as well as evict any little critters he may have picked up while exploring the park or running up the trail. During the winter, wiping his paws cleans them of road salt; in the spring and summer, it gets rid of any potential pesticide residues.

Should you find a foreign object, such as a leaf or small twig, caught between his

One pivotal reason why it’s so important to check your dog’s feet on a daily basis is because of the dangers of burrs, foxtails and thorns. These are found most often during the summer or fall, but are present all year long and become even more widely scattered on windy days.

While some objects are easily removed from your dog’s feet, the sharp nature of these three culprits makes them capable of piercing through the webbing between his toes if they’re

YIKES!

OUCH!

not spotted and removed immediately. Unfortunately, the more your dog walks on them, the more they dig into his feet, stabbing the skin with each step. If you notice any of these nasties tangled in your dog’s paw hair, immediately remove them by hand or cut them away.

If your dog is still walking on all four feet, yet you notice that a burr, foxtail or thorn has pierced the paw pad or webbing between his toes, act quickly. If the

object is still protruding far enough to be grasped with tweezers, one veterinarian’s instructions is to first thoroughly wash the foot with soap and water, pour a few drops of hydrogen peroxide on the wound to prevent infection, and remove the object with a pair of sterilized tweezers. However, if you see your dog limping or notice a bleeding/injured paw, take him to the vet as soon as possible for help, whether the problem is a superficial invader or something lodged too deeply in his foot to be seen by the naked eye.

What if he doesn’t want his feet touched?

It won’t be easy to examine your dog’s feet if he doesn’t like having them touched.

However, you can gradually teach him to accept this form of handling. Start slowly and be patient, and keep sessions short to begin with. Give your dog a highvalue treat and lots of praise every time he lets you touch and then handle each foot.

If he snaps or tries to bite you when you go near his feet, ask your veterinarian, groomer, or a positive trainer for guidance and help. Depending on their background and past experiences, some dogs may need extra assistance and time to get used to having their feet handled.

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TOO HOT TO HANDLE Asphalt, concrete and sand can become incredibly hot on a sizzling summer day.

You wouldn’t walk on these surfaces in your bare feet, and neither should your dog — it can be quite damaging even with thick paw pads. One way to determine whether or not the surface is too hot for your dog is to rest your hand on the ground for about ten seconds.

If the temperature is comfortable enough for your skin, it should also be comfortable enough for your pup. But if your hand gets too hot after just a few seconds of contact, either invest in a set of dog boots, or go for walks earlier in the morning or later in the evening, when outdoor surfaces are cooler.

BABY, IT’S COLD OUTSIDE Certain breeds, like huskies and Malamutes, love cold weather and have the coats to help withstand it. Yet, there are still several reasons to be mindful of your dog’s feet in extremely bitter temperatures.

Three points to consider are the dangers of slipping on icy surfaces during a fastpaced play session, added stress and pain for achy/arthritic legs in older dogs — and frostbite. Yes, dogs can get frostbite!

While this condition most commonly affects the ears and the tip of the tail, some veterinarians state that a dog’s feet can also suffer from frostbite in some circumstances, despite the thick skin and high fat content characteristic of canine paw pads. Either way, extreme cold can be very uncomfortable for your dog’s paws — if you’ve ever seen him constantly lifting his feet when walking over snow or ice, you know the temperature is too low for him. A simple solution is to have your dog fitted out with a set of boots to protect his feet from the searing cold of ice and snow. Buy a product that has a good lining, and soles that will help prevent slips and falls.

Signs of paw problems One telltale sign of a paw troubled by injury or discomfort is lameness. But this doesn’t just include obvious limping. The dog may also seem to favor one foot, lifting it off the ground periodically. Another indication of a potential paw problem is a refusal to jump up or down, or to get up on his hind legs if this is an otherwise normal activity for him.

Excessively licking one foot may also signal discomfort, whether pain or itching.

…the more your dog walks on them, the more they dig into his feet, stabbing the skin with each step.

Even if your dog doesn’t need boots, be sure to check his feet for snowballs that can accumulate in the hair between his toes and make walking uncomfortable.

From the NASC Consistent training plus calming supplements

may help overcome behavioral problems in dogs and cats

By Robert J. Silver, DVM, MS

Behavioral problems are among the main reasons dogs and cats are surrendered to animal shelters. In the past, these animals led active lifestyles and often had jobs, whether it was guarding property or hunting vermin.

Our modern lifestyle has evolved more quickly than our animals’ instincts, which means some of the once desirable behaviors that were bred into our dogs and cats are no longer useful. As a result, what you may interpret as bad behavior is simply your animal acting on natural instincts.

BEGIN TRAINING RIGHT AWAY It is very important to begin training your dog or cat as soon as possible after bringing him home. No matter what his age, training should be a priority; with consistency and patience, even older animals can learn household rules and become beloved members of the family.

Training helps you communicate your expectations to your animal and can also be important for his safety. For example, if your dog escapes and runs toward the street, being trained to come when called could save his life.

Many dogs and cats adopted from rescue situations may be anxious, fearful, or timid as a result of early negative

experiences. In fact, many rescuers report that their dogs or cats suffer from excessive anxiety. Training can help curb anxiety to a certain degree, but in many cases — particularly with dogs — high energy and anxiety are simply part of their temperaments.

CALMING SUPPLEMENTS MAY HELP There will be times when a calming supplement may make life a lot easier for both of you. Calming supplements can help slow down your animal’s chaotic thoughts, allowing him to relax and follow your commands.

They can be particularly helpful when given prior to a known stressful event, such as a veterinary visit or severe weather. Some extremely anxious or high-strung dogs and cats may benefit from a daily calming supplement, and these products can typically be given long term without concerns about drowsiness or other side effects.

It is important to note that some experts have concerns about using calming supplements with aggressive dogs, as they believe the supplements might remove the dog’s inhibitions and result in more aggressive behavior. Dogs that display aggression should be evaluated

by a professional with expertise in dog training and behavior modification.

There is no magic pill that can instantly cure challenging animal behavior. Over time, however, a combination of calming supplements and consistent training may be very helpful for dogs and cats that are anxious, timid, or fearful.

COMMON ANXIETY

TRIGGERS You may not know your dog or cat’s history, or why he reacts to certain situations with fear, but here are some common stressors that tend to trigger a fear response: • Separation from their people • Noise such as thunderstorms and fireworks

• Visits to the veterinarian or groomer • Travel or changes in routine • Unfamiliar people or animals in the home

Dr. Robert J. Silver is a 1982 graduate of Colorado State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. He serves as Chief Medical Officer of RxVitamins, and authored the book, Medical Marijuana and Your Pet. Dr. Silver is vice president of the American College of Veterinary Botanical Medicine, past president of the Veterinary Botanical Medicine Association, and was on the board of directors for the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association.

Animal Wellness

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FELINE HEALTH

hyperesthesia?

WHAT IS FELINE

By Karen Shaw Becker, DVM

Also called rippling skin syndrome, feline hyperesthesia is an unusual condition that affects cats.

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Animal Wellness

If you have a cat at home, you’re sharing your life with a very distinctive little creature. From their physiology, to their nutritional requirements, to their astonishing physical flexibility, felines are unique among mammal species.

Another very unusual thing about cats is their tendency to develop a rather strange disorder called hyperesthesia, which means abnormally increased sensitivity of the skin. This condition is sometimes also referred to as neuritis, atypical neurodermatitis, rippling or rolling skin syndrome, and twitchy cat syndrome.

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS? In cats with hyperesthesia, the skin on the back ripples from the shoulders all the way to the tail, and sometimes right up the tail to the tip. This rippling or rolling movement is clearly visible in some cats, but not all. A more obvious sign is when a kitty suddenly jumps and turns toward her tail as though something back there is bothering her.

This can even happen during sleep. The cat might also try to lick or bite at the area. Kitties with hyperesthesia also have muscle spasms and twitches, including tail twitching.

If your cat has this syndrome, he may object when certain areas of his spine or back are touched. He may chase his tail, bite at himself, turn toward his tail and hiss, cry out, run and jump. He may even appear to be hallucinating — following the movement of things that aren’t there — and his pupils may be dilated during these episodes.

WHAT CAUSES HYPERESTHESIA IN CATS? No one knows for sure, but there are a lot of possibilities. One of the first things you should do if your kitty is exhibiting the above symptoms is to

calming NATURAL

REMEDIES

I’ve had good success using a multimodal approach to feline hyperesthesia that includes acupuncture and laser therapy to reduce nerve windup and pain, and chiropractic care to reduce dermatome neuritis.

An animal chiropractor can identify areas of inflammation in your cat’s body and manipulate her spine to help decrease sensitivity and irritation in those areas.

Tellington TTouch® Training is a special form of massage that can help reduce skin sensitivity in some cats.

Hypericum is a homeopathic remedy that can help dampen neurologic reactivity.

I also use DMG (dimethyl glycine), and cannabidiol (CBD) oil that contains noto-low-THC. Both of these nutraceuticals can help quiet the central nervous system, and can be blended with other beneficial herbs, such as chamomile, valerian, and boswellia.

rule out other causes — for example, flea allergy dermatitis (FAD). In animals with a severe flea allergy, the bite from a single flea can cause longterm itching and skin irritation. FAD can cause your cat to lick and scratch so aggressively — most often at the base of the tail or hindquarters — that she loses a significant amount of fur on that part of her body.

• Sometimes dry, itchy skin can induce or aggravate hyperesthesia. Dry skin is typically a sign of Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, which is common in cats fed poor quality kibble or an unbalanced homemade diet.

• There’s also a possibility that feline hyperesthesia is related to a seizure disorder. Some kitties experience grand mal seizures during or right after episodes of hyperesthesia. Some experts think the syndrome could be caused by a problem with electrical activity in areas of the brain that control grooming, emotions, and predatory behavior.

• The syndrome may also be a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder, with the obsession being fearfulness, grooming, and/or aggression. Seizure activity is known to lead to obsessivecompulsive behavior.

• Since I’ve found chiropractic to be one of the best ways to treat this strange condition, an underlying neuromuscular disorder should also be considered. It is conceivable that hyperesthesia is a combination of electrical-neurological, musculoskeletal, and behavioral issues.

• Finally, cats with this condition have been found to have lesions in the muscles of their spine. It’s possible the lesions cause or contribute to the sensations and symptoms that are a feature of hyperesthesia.

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HOW CAN HYPERESTHESIA BE TREATED? Feline hyperesthesia is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning it’s the only option left after eliminating other conditions and diseases that cause similar symptoms and behavior. If possible, get a video of your cat during an episode of what you suspect is hyperesthesia, and take it with you to your veterinary appointment.

Extreme

CASES CAUSE SUFFERING

2 3

Consider adding an Omega-3 fatty acid supplement and curcumin to reduce inflammation in your cat’s body.

I also recommend purified drinking water from non-plastic bowls; non-toxic cleaning products inside your home; and no smoking of any kind near your cat.

In severe cases of feline hyperesthesia, cats will self-mutilate by biting, licking, chewing and pulling out their fur. These poor kitties suffer not only hair loss, but often severe skin lesions and secondary infections through trying to Many veterinarians immediately get relief from the uncomfortable recommend drug therapy sensations they experience. for hyperesthesia patients.

In my opinion, giving your cat The treatment for feline hyperesthesia antidepressants, anticonvulsants, syndrome involves reducing your cat’s or other drugs to curb obsessive stress level. behavior should be options of last resort, although low-dose naltrexone Diet is the first place I always start, can be of benefit. An optimal diet The higher the heat, and the more because the wrong foods create along with environmental enrichment times food is heated, the more physiologic and metabolic stress. and natural calming remedies MRPs are present. MRPs have been (see sidebar on page 23) can be u Ideally, your cat should be eating linked to many neurologic disorders tremendously beneficial in alleviating in humans. a species-specific, nutritionally the stressors in your cat’s life that tend optimal fresh food diet that contains to trigger episodes of hyperesthesia. u The least metabolically stressful diet no high-glycemic carbohydrates. By for cats should include moderate eliminating ultra-processed cat food While feline hyperesthesia is a very amounts of animal fat and a high and switching to fresher, less heatstrange syndrome, there are many percentage of fresh, whole animal processed food, you also minimize ways to help alleviate it, so your cat protein. Feeding a variety of different the level of toxic Maillard Reaction can feel more comfortable in his own proteins is important for nutritional Products (MRPs) your cat consumes. skin again. diversity, and reduces the risk MRPs occur whenever protein your cat will become sensitive to (amino acids) and starch (carbs) a particular food. I’ve seen food are heated, creating detrimental allergies, specifically sensitivities chemical by-products in the food to poultry or seafood, trigger kitties that create massive inflammation with hyperesthesia. in your cat’s body when consumed.

1

ORIENTAL BREEDS SEEM MORE

susceptible

Certain cat breeds may be predisposed to developing mania as a result of stress. Oriental breeds, for instance, seem to have more hyperesthesia than the general population of felines, and stress often seems to be the trigger for these kitties.

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Animal Wellness

Advertorial

Support your senior dog's joints with kinesiology tape Therapeutic taping for dogs is a fairly new modality, but isn’t that different from taping in humans. Animal Wellness spoke with Physical Therapist, Minda Lemmon, whose career involves helping people of all ages navigate physiological challenges and recovery. Not too long ago, Minda was thrown into the veterinary arena when her dog was injured. The experience made her aware of Kinesio Taping principles that hold up for any kind of patient — including senior dogs — and she is now a Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner (CKTP).

can dog parents does taping AW: How AW: How apply the tape to work to support

AW:

AW:

ML :

How can senior dogs benefit from therapeutic taping?

Kinesio Taping can add support to arthritic joints, and also aids with improving lymphatic flow and circulation to assist in healing.

Often, taping may be used to help mechanically correct joint instability.

This is particularly important for dogs, as they do not really understand the concept of “bed rest”!

maximize benefits?

ML :

Kinesio providers such as myself can easily instruct dog parents on how to use the tape.

My own training has made me more sensitive to a dog’s aches and pains, and helps me get to the source of lameness and weaknesses. A dog may not tell you he is hurting, but it is obvious from his movements. (A lot of elderly people are the same way!)

ML :

When should therapeutic taping be used for senior dogs?

Kinesio Taping may be used all the time if necessary, or during exercise such as a walk. I have seen agility dogs wear the tape during competition to provide support for an injury they are currently rehabbing. It really is suitable at all levels; it can be used to keep stiffening joints active, and provide comfort to muscles that are being pushed.

the joints?

ML :

Kinesio Taping can support a joint very much as a brace does on a human knee. It can be applied to provide mechanical correction and alignment of a joint. But joint support alone is only one benefit of Kinesio Taping. It may also be used to discourage overuse of a muscle group and thus bring balance to movement patterns.

joints in dogs AW: Which are most prone to pain/discomfort due to arthritis?

ML :

The hips and knees. Dogs have a lot in common with the rest of us in this respect, but they don’t have the motivation to hold back and rest a sore joint. Taping not only supports the dog as he stays active, but may also provide physiological reminders.

Therapeutic taping can help provide extra support, alignment, mechanical correction, lymphatic flow, and circulation. It is a whole toolbox in and of itself.

Left to right: Dr. Kenzo Kase developed taping strategies for canine shoulder weakness. (Taping by Kenzo Kase, DC, CKTI); Therapeutic tape produces amazing results for stiff joints and elderly movement patterns. (Taping by Leigh Tracy, COTA, CKTI); Therapeutic tape is utilized for stiffness in the knee. (Taping by Kenzo Kase, DC, CKTI)

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enjoy

HOW TO TRAIN YOUR DOG TO VET VISITS

By Tonya Wilhelm

An important key to taking the anxiety out of vet visits is to train your dog to calmly accept handling and gentle restraint, and to make the experience from start to finish as pleasant as possible.

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Animal Wellness

Sharing your life with a dog can help combat stress — until it’s time to visit the veterinarian, that is! No one likes to see their dog filled with fear and anxiety, which is why a lot of people postpone or skip vet visits. But putting off veterinary check-ups does more harm than good, so the solution is to help your dog tolerate or even enjoy going to the vet. It might seem impossible, but not if you follow these training techniques!

WHY DO DOGS HATE GOING TO THE VET? A vet visit involves a lot of handling, poking and prodding.

Typically, during a check-up, the veterinarian will shine a bright light into your dog’s eyes, open his mouth and look at his throat, gums, and teeth, take his temperature, listen to his heartbeat, manipulate his legs, look for lumps on his

body, part his hair and evaluate his skin, and check his ears.

And these are just the basics. If your dog has an illness or injury, or needs vaccines or a blood draw, the list is even longer. That’s a lot of “stranger handling”. Even if your vet is exceptionally kind and gentle, an examination can still be stressful if your dog isn’t accustomed to such handling.

Your dog’s stress may be further heightened by the strange surroundings, along with the smells and sounds of other dogs (and cats) who are also stressed out by the experience. And if you’re feeling edgy and anxious yourself, your canine companion will pick up on that, adding to his own angst. Is it any wonder so many dogs hate going to the vet’s office?

HAPPY HANDLING TIPS Teaching your dog to accept handling is a key to making vet visits less stressful. If he’s a cool cucumber when being handled at home, he’ll be happier and more comfortable during his veterinary exam. The goal is to teach your dog that being subjected to handling while having to stay relatively still is a good thing, and nothing to be feared.

q To start, purchase a nice bath mat with a rubber backing.

This will become your dog’s handling mat. You’ll be taking it with you to his veterinary visits; doing this will help give him a sense of the comforts and routine of home, and also will provide him with a warm surface that won’t slip on a tile floor or metal exam table.

w On a daily basis, choose one part of your dog, such as

his head. Place his mat on the floor and ask him to sit on it. Next, sit in front of your dog and gently touch his face, moving your fingers around his eyes. Look into his eyes and tell him how handsome and smart he is. Then give him a tasty treat. Continue looking at and touching him around his face and talking to him in a gentle and kind tone, randomly providing him with a treat for being so smart and accommodating. Gently lift up his lip, and as you do so, slip a treat in his mouth. Repeat on the other side of his face. Lift each ear, looking inside, again talking to him and giving him a treat.

e Continue this process from your dog’s head down to his

toes. Done every day, this exercise teaches your dog to enjoy handling and helps ensure a happy veterinarian visit. It also gives you the opportunity to check for lumps, bumps, or any abnormalities. You are always your dog’s first line of defense. Print out a diagram of a dog and note

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VET VISITS DURING

COVID

Depending on where you live, and your veterinarian’s protocols, your visits may look quite different from what you and your dog were used to before the pandemic hit. Some vet offices are only offering curbside services, which means you won’t be allowed to go into the clinic with your dog. This can understandably create extra stress for both of you.

Even rock star dogs may struggle with being taken away from their people and led into the hospital by a stranger in a mask.

To help your dog cope, stay upbeat, positive, and provide the technician with a bag of his favorite treats. Tell your dog to go have fun, and that you'll see him in a few minutes.

Encourage the technician to talk to your dog and give him some treats as a reward for walking off with her.

While your dog is inside the vet’s office without you, take the opportunity to breathe and relax. Your veterinarian is likely to call you both before and after the exam to go over the visit, ask any questions, and cover treatment options if needed. After your dog is safely returned to you, remind him of how handsome he is and head to his favorite park for some fun before going home.

on it anything out of the ordinary, such as the location, size and color of a bump, along with the date you noticed it. This helps you track your dog’s health and can be a great diagnosing tool for your veterinarian.

RESPECTFUL RESTRAINT TIPS Few things make a dog’s stress worse at the vet’s office than having to forcefully hold him down during the exam.

The daily handling exercise outlined above will go far in preventing the need to physically hold your dog still. However, you should also work on teaching him to stay still during parts of the exam, and to be comfortable with the “vet hold.”

Depending on what your veterinarian or his/her staff is trying to accomplish, there are various holds they may perform on your dog: • One is to place an arm under his belly and groin area, the other arm under his neck, and lean the dog into their body. This is to help stabilize the dog from moving, and prevent biting.

• Another common hold involves the dog lying down and the vet or technician leaning over him with one arm under his neck and the other over his shoulders and back.

A good practitioner performs these holds in a gentle but firm manner. However, they can be very stressful for the dog.

Slowly teaching your dog to enjoy these positions without fear is a great way to help him feel more at ease. Practice restraint techniques at home by slowly slipping your arm under your dog’s belly, telling him how good he is and giving him a treat.

Repeat this process with the holds described above, and gradually increase the time you’re holding him before giving him a treat.

In the last issue (V23I1, Feb-Mar 2021), AW featured an article on how understanding and managing your dog’s emotional state can take a lot of stress out of vet visits.

By adding that knowledge to the techniques covered in this article, your dog will go from hating trips to the vet to happily accepting them!

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Additional suggestions for a vet visit

stress-free

To help make the experience even easier on your dog, don’t rush vet visits. Ideally, make the appointment on a day when you’ll have to the time you need to ensure a happy visit.

• Before heading to the clinic, take your dog for a walk at a nearby park. Allow him to sniff and potty and let off a little steam.

• Load him into the car and head to the vet’s office. Before entering the hospital, take your dog for another walk around the grounds. Let him mosey, sniff, potty (don’t forget to clean up after him!), and get his bearings.

• When entering the vet clinic, keep an eye out for other dogs, and give everyone else enough space. Keep an eye on your dog, smile, and give him treats while checking in.

If you have taught your dog to sit and stay, this is a great time to utilize that skill.

• In the waiting room, find a spot where you and your dog can relax and do a few tricks. Keeping your dog focused on you in a fun way while earning some rewards is a great way to ward off stress.

•O nce inside the exam room, allow your dog to sniff and investigate the space. Place his mat on the floor or on the exam table.

• When the veterinarian comes in, say “hello” in a friendly voice, and also tell your dog to go say “hi”. Your dog is paying close attention to how you interact with and respond to the vet, so be pleasant. Hopefully, the vet will greet your dog and say “hello” with a few friendly pats before diving into the exam.

• Be as hands-on as you possibly can. Your dog will be happier if you are the one to hold and handle him, but this can only be accomplished if you've been practicing at home and are secure in what you are doing. The veterinary team needs to ensure that your dog will not be too squirmy during the check-up, so they may need to step in. Either way, stay with your dog, tell him he’s being good and, if possible, give him treats when appropriate. You do not want to be in the way, of course, so use common sense. You may even be able to have a treat-toy filled with your dog’s favorite paste that he can lick during his visit.

•B efore you know it, his exam will be over, and you can leave. But don’t head straight home; take a detour back to the park for another sniff around!

This will help him further associate vet visits with something enjoyable.

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COAT CARE

losing his hair?

By Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA

WHY IS YOUR DOG OR CAT

D gs Cats

Hair loss in dogs and cats has many potential causes. Getting a definitive diagnosis from your veterinarian is the first step to solving the problem.

Hair loss is a common problem in dogs and cats. Diagnosing the cause can be complicated, since most skin conditions, including those leading to hair loss, are outward symptoms of a more complex disease process. Hair loss can be broken down into several general categories that take not just the specific problem area into consideration, but the health of the whole animal. This can be huge when getting to the root of the issue. These broad categories include genetic hair loss, endocrine and hormonal disorders, parasites, infections of the hair and skin, and emotional and environmental effects.

ENETIC HAIR G LOSS Some breeds have genetic tendencies toward hair loss. One example is colordilution alopecia. This condition occurs when animals are bred for a specific coat color, as in the case of “blue” Dobermans

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or “fawn” Irish setters. The resulting hair coat can have a poor, patchy appearance.

Another extreme example is complete hair loss from birth. This is a very rare condition also considered to be a congenital and hereditary disorder.

NDOCRINE E AND HORMONAL DISORDERS Endocrine and hormonal disorders can occur in animals of any age, although we most often think of them as occurring in middle-aged to older dogs and cats.

A few of the more common conditions include diabetes, thyroid disorders, and Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism).

Cushing’s has been called the “great pretender” because of the many forms this disease process can take. These conditions can all cause hair loss and other abnormalities.

PARASITES When we think of parasites, the first ones that come to mind are those we can easily see, such as fleas and ticks.

However, both external and internal parasites can affect the body and cause skin issues and generalized hair loss.

• Fleas like to hide around the rear end of the animal, which means a lot of the hair loss will occur at the base of the tail. In some cases, a flea comb may be necessary to confirm the presence of fleas, especially in cats.

• With ticks, you need to check your animal over very carefully. These pests are masters at hiding in locations that are hard to reach and often overlooked, such as the ears and ear canals, and between the toes.

• As for mites, such as the ones that cause mange, your veterinarian will

often perform a skin scrape to aid in diagnosis. These mites are microscopic and live and feed off of a dog’s hair, manifesting as the classic “mangy” appearance. There are two main types of mange in dogs: Sarcoptic and Demadex. It is important to differentiate between the two as Sarcoptic mange can be contagious to other dogs as well as humans, while Demadex is considered noncontagious and is commonly seen in puppies, although it can show up in adult dogs with immune issues.

• Internal parasites can affect the skin and hair as well. Hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum), for example, are one of the most common internal parasites in animals, especially puppies. The skin can be affected with raised bumps, redness, heat, and hair loss. Other internal parasites, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and whipworms, can prevent proper nutrient absorption, which can in turn cause an unhealthylooking coat and skin.

KIN S INFECTIONS The microbial flora of healthy skin includes normal levels of bacteria, yeast, and fungus. Species of Staph, Strep, and yeasts are common findings; problems arise when there is an overgrowth of one or more of the microbes that comprise normal flora, creating a pathologic infection.

Most skin infections are secondary to underlying conditions. A weakened immune system more readily allows for bacterial overgrowth and pathologic problems. Generally, hair loss will occur with these infections, and the skin will also look unhealthy and may present as red and irritated.

Yeast infections can lead to hair that is greasy to the touch, while the skin can look a lot like thickened elephant skin. The odor resembles that of sour baking bread.

Of the fungal infections, ringworm is probably the most common. Your vet can

perform a special fungal culture to diagnose this problem. Ringworm often manifests as circular lesions. Cats are especially prone to this condition, which can be passed to humans as well.

MOTIONAL AND E ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Your dog or cat’s emotional well-being is important to his overall health as well as his happiness. An environment full of love and positive energy will help keep him balanced and thriving. In contrast, a negative environment filled with fear, anger, and negativity can lead to chronic stress, which if left unchecked could weaken the immune system and predispose the animal to disease, and a chronic, unthrifty appearance that includes hair loss.

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Holistic treatments for hair loss The holistic treatments a veterinarian may prescribe for hair loss will depend on the cause and can include one or more of the following:

WHERE IS HE LOSING HIS HAIR? Body location

Signs

Possible causes

Head and face

•

air loss, especially around mouth H and lips • Scratching at face and ears • Rubbing face and mouth on floor • Sores on mouth and lips

•

Legs and paws

•

Chewing and licking at paws Hair loss on legs or paws • Red irritated paws, especially between toes • “Yeasty” smell to paws

•

•

•

Body

•

ymmetrical hair loss on each side S of the body • Patchy areas and itchiness

•

Rear and

•

• Food therapy • Probiotics • Homeopathy • Therapeutic laser • Acupuncture • Chinese/Western herbal medicine • CBD • Supplements such as Omega-3 fatty acids • All natural/herbal shampoos • Aromatherapy/ essential oils

Typical hair loss patterns The pattern of hair loss in a dog or cat can be very telling (See table above right). While not completely diagnostic, these patterns, along with other symptoms such as itching, can yield clues that may aid your vet in making a proper diagnosis.

The patterns can present alone, or can overlap and represent multiple issues occurring at once.

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base of tail

•

Hair loss Very itchy/chewing at this area

Environmental concerns are also very important, yet are often overlooked when trying to get to the root cause of the hair loss. Many common household items, such as cleaners, detergents, and room fresheners contain harsh chemicals, synthetic compounds, and perfumes that can cause issues with a dog or cat’s overall health. One of the most common ways for this to show up is in the form of hair and skin issues.

REATING HAIR T LOSS — AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IS OFTEN NEEDED Because there are so many potential causes of hair loss in dogs and cats, the first step is to get a definitive diagnosis from your veterinarian.

There are many treatment options, depending on the cause. Some can be used on their own, but a combination of treatments and techniques is often needed to produce the best results. In some cases, especially severe ones, an integrative approach may be necessary to quickly bring the disorder under control using conventional treatments, while holistic modalities are implemented for long-term control. Conventional treatments can include antibiotics, antihistamines, topical sprays, or medicated shampoos, and in the most severe cases, a short course of corticosteroids.

Holistic treatments include modalities such as food therapy, probiotics, Chinese and Western herbal therapy, acupuncture,

•

Food allergy Atopy (generalized allergy)

Atopy (most likely cause) Food allergy • Anxiety issues can manifest as excessive licking or chewing at paws Endocrine/hormonal disorder General allergies • External parasites/flea allergy dermatitis •

• •

External parasites (fleas) Flea allergy dermatitis

homeopathy, veterinary chiropractic, laser therapy, all-natural topical therapies, shampoos, and supplements, and aromatherapy (essential oils).

A good quality species-specific diet is paramount for optimal health, including of the coat and skin. As well, a high quality probiotic offers many benefits, including the improvement of skin and coat health.

Emotional and environmental factors should also be included in the treatment plan.

REVENTING P HAIR LOSS MEANS MAINTAINING GOOD HEALTH Preventing hair loss and skin problems involves keeping the dog or cat in optimal health with a good diet, as already mentioned, along with probiotics and other supplements where needed. Provide a safe and loving environment, both physically and emotionally; reduce or eliminate chemicals within the environment and on the animal; use all-natural products to care for his skin and hair; and stay in tune with your dog or cat so you can detect when something is off before it becomes a major issue.

While hair loss in dogs and cats is unsightly and alarming, most causes can be treated successfully when properly diagnosed, or even prevented altogether with a healthy lifestyle that takes the whole animal into consideration.

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HOW RESVERATROL CAN HELP DOGS WITH LOW ENERGY Have you heard of resveratrol? This antioxidant has been making waves recently for its broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects, as well as its nutritional and medicinal benefits. If your dog has been tired and low on energy, he may benefit from taking resveratrol supplements. Let’s take a closer look at why resveratrol is gaining so much attention from both vets and dog parents!

The role of antioxidants Oxidative metabolism is a chemical process in the body in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). It is one of the main causes of metabolic waste in the body and is known to generate “free radicals”, a type of unstable molecule that can cause damage to other molecules such as DNA. Antioxidants are chemical compounds that a dog’s metabolism uses to eliminate these free radicals. This in turn can help reduce fatigue in older dogs and help those who are suffering from low energy or age-related diseases like sarcopenia.

Do you have an older dog that seems low on energy? He may not be getting enough resveratrol in his diet.

Resveratrol: a natural antioxidant!

Boost your dog’s resveratrol intake

Sarcopenia is a disease that occurs in older dogs and is characterized by the loss of muscle mass, strength and function. Signs and symptoms include weakness, tiredness, lack of energy, balance problems, and difficulty walking and standing. Sarcopenia is a common effect of too many free radicals that are not being controlled by antioxidants.

Looking for a way to add resveratrol to your dog’s diet? Add a tablespoon of natural peanut butter to a vessel toy such as a Kong! Not only will this provide him with some mental stimulation, it’ll also give him a boost of resveratrol’s healthful properties. You can also add a handful of blueberries to his daily meals or offer him a supplement that contains this antioxidant. Juvenia Pets offers a chewable resveratrol tablet that’s great for dogs with low energy. It has been proven to decrease oxidative stress and skeletal muscle loss. It can also decrease bone loss and DNA loss from free radicals.

In a recent study, resveratrol was found to reduce oxidative stress and improve strength and muscle mass in older dogs. “The investigation has shown that the supplementation of the diet with a formula containing resveratrol and tocopherol acetate can control and reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia and increase the speed of bone remodeling,” says Dr. Enzo Ferro, staff veterinarian at Juvenia Pets. “Since these conditions are increasing in the dog population due to longer lifespans, the use of antioxidant supplementation could be useful in improving the quality of life of pets.”

Resveratrol can be a valuable and nutritious addition to your dog’s diet, and it’s a great way to help increase his energy if he appears tired or listless.

Always consult your vet if your dog’s energy levels seem abnormal – and while you’re there, ask him or her about resveratrol!

For more information visit juveniapets.com Animal Wellness

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What we love: Also enhances liver and kidney function.

A healthy immune system can protect your dog or cat from many illnesses. NOW® Pets Immune Support is designed to help support his immune system and innate resistance to pathogens. It’s made with natural botanicals and was formulated by renowned veterinarian Dr. Barbara Royal.

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Spot-on solution to skin problems

What we love:

Pet hair removal made simple

Can be used over and over, and has no adhesive or sticky tape.

Pet hair is a fact of life for those who share their homes with dogs and cats.

The Chom Chom Roller effectively picks up animal hair from furniture, carpets, blankets, upholstery and more — even deeply embedded hairs are no match for this product. Just move the roller back and forth over those hairy surfaces and see how well it works.

Dandruff, bad odors, dull hair…skin disorders in animals are no fun. Essential 6® spot-on is a natural solution based on essential fatty acids that hydrate by supporting skin barrier function, and a synergy of ten essential oils to help regulate skin and coat balance. Evidence-based efficacy and tolerance with veterinary dermatologists’ support since 2003.

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What we love: Easy to use — just apply one pipette on one spot between the shoulders once a week.

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What we love: Offers trace minerals, chlorophyll, amino acids, fatty acids, antioxidants, and more.

Whole food nutrition from phytoplankton Phytoplankton is one of the only substances on the planet that’s absorbed by the body before it gets to the gut. It offers whole food nutrition that resonates with the body’s synergistic processes. Add 100% pure marine phytoplankton to your animal’s daily diet to support his entire body, overall health, and longevity.

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Greyhound freedom dolls These adorable greyhound dolls make wonderful gifts for your dog-loving friends — or for yourself! They are available in six different colors and measure 5"x10". Every doll purchased supports GREY2K USA Worldwide's mission to end the cruelty of dog racing and help greyhounds find homes as tracks close.

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What we love:

What we love:

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Supports digestive, immune, integumentary, and other physiologic systems.

Nutrition system for canine cancer If your dog has cancer, consider Canine Biologics’ Integrated Nutrition System. Formulated by veterinary oncologists, this unique three-part system combines 100% human grade food, salmon oil, and targeted supplements in a home-delivered nutrition solution that’s easy to prepare.

Can be used alone or with veterinarian-prescribed therapy plans.

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It’s abundantly healthy!

If you’re looking for healthy high quality dog or cat food that uses safe, natural ingredients, give Life’s Abundance a try. Their All Life Stage diets come in both original and grain-free options, and are made from simple, wholesome ingredients such as chicken, turkey, sweet potatoes, flaxseed, carrots, fish oil and others.

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What we love: Formulated by a holistic veterinarian, Dr. Jane Bicks.

Rejuvenate with resveratrol!

What we love: Inhibits oxidative stress damage, decreasing DNA impairment.

Resveratrol is a naturally-occurring plant compound offering a wide range of health benefits, from protecting against pathogens to supporting cognitive function.

Juvenia Pets’ line of antioxidant chews and gels for dogs feature resveratrol as well as curcumin, fish oil and vitamins A and E for an effective wellness boost.

juveniapets.com

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What goes in, must come out… and that means finding safe, earth-friendly ways to dispose of your dog or cat’s waste. Here are some options.

D gs Cats

Earth-friendly P E T WA S T E D I S P O S A L The cost of living with a dog or cat is often calculated in dollars. Veterinary care, food, toys, bedding, and training all factor into the bottom line. There’s another cost that’s harder to pinpoint but is equally important — the environmental impact of pet waste. In other words, poop is a big problem for the planet. Let’s look at some ways to dispose of your dog or cat’s waste while keeping the Earth’s well-being in mind.

WHAT’S THE BIG DEAL?

In 2019, a pet waste removal company named Doody Calls reported that the 84 million dogs living in the United States produced 11.6 million tons of poop, enough to fill 300,000

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By Sandra Murphy

18-wheelers — enough trucks to stretch from New York to Los Angeles!

To make matters worse, most dog poop is disposed of in plastic bags.

most eco-friendly ways to dispose of dog poo and used cat litter?

Additionally, dog waste carries parasites that can lead to Salmonella, E coli, and other worms and diseases that can spread to humans. It’s estimated that 20% of bacteria in waterways can be traced back to dog waste that was improperly handled or simply left where it was deposited.

Whether we’re walking our dogs around the neighborhood or along a nature trail, it’s important to pick up after them. Typically, a plastic bag over the hand is a convenient way to pick up dog excrement; turning the bag inside out before tying it up and throwing it away means your hands don’t have to come into contact with the mess. The problem is, plastic doesn’t biodegrade, especially in landfill settings where no air reaches the layers of trash and garbage. Using a bag for pickup and dumping only

As for cats, thousands of tons of traditional clay clumping litters end up in landfills each year. So you can see the problem. The question is, what can we do about it, and what are the

PICKING UP POOP

CAMPAIGN FOR CHANGE On average, about 75% of people pick up after their dogs. But that number increases to 90% when extra specially-marked trash bins, eco-friendly bags, and signs are provided to remind people to act responsibly. You can help keep your local parks and walking paths poop-free by campaigning for more bins and free bags in these areas.

the contents into the trash bin still leaves a soiled bag that has to be disposed of.

ALTERNATIVES TO PLASTIC BAGS

• An alternative to plastic bags is a pooper scooper, such as you’d use to clean out a litter box; or a long-handled scoop with a hinged pan, of the type used for trash pickup.

The problem is, you still have to carry the poop to a garbage receptacle, so while this might be a good option for the backyard, it’s not very practical on a long hike.

“

Traditional, clay-based cat litter is bad for the planet, as its mining destroys ecosystems, pollutes waterways, and more.

• Look for poop bags made from vegetable starches, approved by the Biodegradable Products Institute (BPI), that meet the ASTM D6400 guidelines for composting, and that come in packaging made from or containing recycled materials. Some manufacturers that claim their bags are biodegradable may technically be telling the truth, but they don’t say how long it takes for the bags to break down. Plant-based bags are biodegradable and compostable.

• Another plastic bag alternative is newspaper, which can break down in as little as six weeks in the open air. It takes longer in a landfill, but not nearly as long as plastic. Brown paper bags are another option. Just keep in mind that paper comes from trees, so recycle paper bags rather than buying them new.

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NEW STUDY SHOWS THAT QUALITY DOG FOOD MEANS LESS POOP TO SCOOP A new University of Illinois comparison study published in the Journal of Animal Science shows that dog food diets made with human-grade ingredients are not only highly palatable, they’re also extremely digestible. And that means less poop to scoop — up to 66% less!

Kelly Swanson, a professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the College of Agricultural, Consumer & Environmental Sciences at the university, and his team fed dogs four diets — a standard extruded dog kibble; a fresh, refrigerated diet; and two fresh diets made using only USDA-certified human-grade ingredients. These fresh diets included minimally-processed ingredients such as beef, chicken, rice, carrots, and broccoli. The dogs consumed each diet for four weeks.

The researchers found that dogs fed the extruded diet had to eat more to maintain their body weight, and produced 1.5 to 2.9 times as much poop as the dogs on the fresh diets.

The researchers also found that the fresh diets uniquely influenced the gut microbial community. “Because a healthy gut means a healthy [dog], fecal microbial and metabolite profiles are important readouts of diet assessment,” Swanson says. “As we have shown in previous studies, the fecal microbial communities of healthy dogs fed fresh diets were different than those fed kibble. These unique microbial profiles were likely due to differences in diet processing, ingredient source, and the concentration and type of dietary fibers, proteins, and fats that are known to influence what is digested by the dog and what reaches the colon for fermentation.”

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“

Feces from domestic dogs can endanger wildlife.

WHAT ABOUT BURYING IT?

When you’re out in nature, it may seem natural to just bury your dog’s waste and leave it there.

But feces from domestic dogs can endanger wildlife. “In one year, 65% of the wolf pups born in Yellowstone National Park died,” states Stephanie Feldstein, Population and Sustainability Director at the Center for Biological Diversity, in a 2006 article published in The New York Times. “Biologists suspected canine parvovirus, perhaps brought in by a tourist’s dog.

Parvo lives in the soil for months.

Simply sniffing the ground can lead to infection. In backcountry treks with dogs, it’s best to carry waste out with you.”

FLUSH IT DOWN

“The EPA recommends flushing dog poo unless you have a septic tank,” says Feldstein. Call your local water department to verify they can effectively treat dog waste. “Never flush cat litter. The clumping action that makes cleanup easy will clog pipes and lead to costly plumbing repairs.”

CAT LITTERS — STAY AWAY FROM TRADITIONAL CLAY “Traditional, clay-based cat litter is bad for the planet, as its mining destroys ecosystems, pollutes waterways, and more,” says Stephanie Seferian, creator and

host of The Sustainable Minimalists podcast. “Opt for a natural cat litter instead, such as pine pellets.

I also have a special, lidded trash can solely for soiled pine litter, no plastic bag needed.”

Cat litters come in a huge variety of materials now, including previously discarded by-products of corn, wheat, pecans, walnuts, pine, sawdust, and grasses. Most are low in dust, have a pleasant aroma, and are affordable and easy to use.

FEED HIM A BETTER QUALITY DIET

Another way dogs and cats affect the environment is by the food they eat. What goes in their mouths will eventually exit from the tail end. A high quality whole foods diet free of synthetic additives means fewer chemicals ending up in the environment from their waste. As well, the better the food is in quality, the less your animal needs to eat to feel full; and a food that doesn’t contain a lot of cheap fillers means the volume of his stools will be lower (see sidebar at left).

While we obviously can’t do away with dog and cat waste entirely, there are things we can do to lessen its impact on our natural environment. Proper cleanup and disposal, using products that are as earth-friendly as possible, while feeding your dog or cat a good quality diet made from natural ingredients, are the best options.

Product Profile

: Raw food meets convenience with

AIR-DRIED INNOVATION

Air drying technology locks in the goodness of this company’s raw ingredients, creating ready-serve, rawinspired nutrition for dogs and cats.

Choosing the right diet for your cat or dog shouldn’t have to be difficult. But with such a wide range of products to choose from, and so much conflicting information out there, you may feel discouraged and frustrated, and end up sticking with what you know. To help you narrow down your choices, let’s focus here on air-dried pet foods — what they are, and why they’re becoming so popular.

Slowly and gently air-dried The team at ZIWI is proud to be global leaders and innovators of air-dried pet foods. Unlike conventional dry foods that are mass-produced and cooked at high temperatures, their foods are handcrafted and gently air-dried in their New Zealandbased kitchens. The result combines the nutrition of raw diets with the convenience of dry foods — simply scoop and serve!

Ethical and sustainable ingredient sourcing Good food starts with great ingredients, and that includes ethical sourcing.

Rooted in New Zealand culture,

ZIWI’s farmers and fishermen believe wholeheartedly in their role as kaitiaki, guardians of the land and sea. Ethics and sustainability aren’t just standards at ZIWI — they’re a way of life.

antioxidants to support brain, heart, and joint function, while contributing to skin and coat health.

PEAKPREY™ recipes with Z-BOOST™ superfoods

ZIWI Peak air-dried recipes are available in single-protein and multi-protein options and are also offered in a wide variety of paté-style chunky loaf can recipes, so your dog or cat is sure to find one he loves. All recipes are suitable for all breeds and life stages, including puppies, kittens, and senior cats and dogs.

Perfect for carnivores, ZIWI’s PeakPrey™ recipes are pure and simple. They’re rich in meat and organs and free from unnecessary carbohydrates such as grains, potato, or tapioca starch. For the ultimate nutritional boost, every ZIWI Peak recipe also features a minimum of 10% Z-BOOST™ superfoods — a blend of cold-washed green tripe or poultry heart, whole New Zealand green mussel, and organic kelp. Z-BOOST™ superfoods are nature’s powerhouse source of vitamins, minerals, and

Plenty of choice

Tip : Try feeding as a nutritious topper sprinkled on your dog or cat’s existing food, and see how he likes it!

Good dogs also deserve a bag of ZIWI Good Dog Rewards, or a chew or treat, containing up to 100% meat, organs, and bone. Just like ZIWI Peak air-dried recipes, their chews, treats, and rewards are all gently air-dried to lock in nature’s goodness.

To learn more, and shop the airdried range for cats and dogs, visit ziwipets.com/air-dried.

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HEALING INSIDE & OUT

Does

apith Apitherapy refers to the medical use of bee products such as pollen, venom, honey and propolis to help treat a variety of conditons. Can this approach be applied to dogs and cats, and just how effective is it?

have applications for dogs and cats?

Also called “bee therapy”, apitherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses products from honeybees to treat a range of health conditions, from allergies to arthritis.

These products include everything from the honey itself, to the pollen collected by the bees, as well as propolis and even venom.

This article looks at how apitherapy may be used for treating various conditions in dogs and cats.

BEE POLLEN AS A NATURAL REMEDY FOR ALLERGIES Bee pollen is a highly nutritional food, full of protein, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes.

Since allergies are often caused by pollen, it may seem illogical to think that taking bee pollen could be helpful for this condition.

The idea is that by taking small quantities of the type of pollen causing the allergic reaction, the body develops a tolerance to it and stops responding with allergy symptoms.

Here’s an important point: the more local the

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Animal Wellness

bee pollen is to where the patient lives, the greater the chances it will have some impact on his allergies. In other words, bee pollen is not likely to help with allergies if it contains no pollen from the plants in your area that cause the symptoms. That’s why many people believe that eating local raw honey also helps with allergies, although raw honey does not contain bee pollen in appreciable amounts (see sidebar on page 42 for more about the health effects of honey).

Doses for cats and dogs are estimated — be sure to consult with a holistic veterinarian for advice and guidance for your own animals.

Start with a just few grains of the pollen.

Then slowly increase the amount every few days, watching for any reactions such as wheezing or breathing troubles. In general, a good daily maintenance dose is ½ teaspoon for cats and small dogs, and up to one teaspoon per 30 pounds of body weight for larger dogs. Start a few weeks before allergy season starts, then maintain your animal on the dose throughout the season.

erapy D gs Cats BEE VENOM CAN HELP TREAT ARTHRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AND MORE The use of bee venom dates back to the time of Hippocrates. In the US, it was introduced in 1935 for multiple medical uses, and the literature has over 2,000 studies on its use.

Initially, the venom was administered by having a live bee sting the patient — ouch! Later, the venom was extracted from the stinger and then injected, but both these methods often resulted in the death of the bee. Now, using an electrical low frequency on glass plates, the bees are induced to “sting” the glass, thus leaving the venom available for collection. The stinger is not damaged, so no bees are harmed in the process!

Bee venom is comprised of some 40 different compounds. Its main anti-inflammatory pharmacological components are known as melitten, apamin, adolapin, and protease inhibitors.

By Mark Newkirk, VMD

• Melitten stimulates the adrenal to produce cortisone, the body’s own potent antiinflammatory.

• Apamin inhibits inflammation as well as enhances neurotransmission.

• Adolapin is a COX inhibitor, so it is analgesic and anti-inflammatory, and is 70 times stronger than indomethacin.

• Protease inhibitors hinder prostaglandins (another pro-inflammatory compound), and function as anti-histamines.

Other compounds in bee venom include neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Neurotransmitters help the nerves “talk” to one another. Venom also has strong antibacterial and anti-fungal effects.

We use bee venom in neurological disease (such as degenerative myelopathy, peripheral neuritis, facial never paralysis), as well as for chronic pain, arthritis, and autoimmune disease such as lupus. Venom has also been successful in treating Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

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OUR BEE VENOM PROTOCOL The protocol at our clinic is to do a bee venom allergy test on the first visit, to make sure the animal is not allergic to it. We inject a tiny amount of venom intradermally and watch for a reaction over 30 minutes. If there is none, we start a schedule of injections in three days. Usually, we give two injections at the first session, which are given in the sub-dermis at no more than 0.1 ml. We repeat this every three to four days.

THE BUZZ ABOUT HONEY AND PROPOLIS

Local reactions after injections, such as inflammation, swelling and itching, are actually desirable effects as it shows the body is reacting to the venom. These effects usually disappear without intervention, anywhere from a few to 72 hours. If an injection Honey is a very special point is still inflamed at the time of the healer, both inside and out. next session, we do not re-inject that Manuka honey from New Zealand is the kingpin, but point. At every session, we add there are many other honeys more points (two to four), so the from around the world that have total number of point injections something special to share with us. might come to 20 per session.

Injection points are where Honey contains health-enhancing antioxidants, including flavonoids. The the local/clinical signs darker the color, the deeper the flavor. appear, and/or may be Darker honeys, like buckwheat, sage, and distal points related tupelo, contain the most antioxidants. to the treated area.

Tender points and What makes honey so special beyond its acupuncture antioxidant properties? Dr. Peter Molan, MBE, who was professor of biochemistry at the points are University of Waikato in New Zealand, researched also injected. the healing properties of honey. He found that For acute honey’s acidity or pH is low enough to hinder conditions, we or even prevent the growth of many types of treat over a period bacteria. It may be that honey’s ability to absorb water from a wound deprives bacteria of two to four of the moisture it needs to thrive. weeks. For chronic conditions, ten to 12 As well, when honey is diluted by fluids weeks are often required. from a wound, an enzyme is activated that produces hydrogen peroxide, an

Like many alternative important antibacterial agent. Research has shown that honey reduces therapies, the use of bee venom inflammation and soothes the pain is not FDA approved. However, of serious wounds and burns. along with other bee products such Dressings made with honey as pollen, honey and propolis, it can don’t stick to the wound, so become one more “tool in the toolbox” newly formed tissue is not so for holistic doctors.

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By Suzi Beber

easily compromised. This makes honey the perfect “Band-Aid.” “Honey provides a moist, healing environment yet prevents bacterial growth even when wounds are heavily infected,” said Dr. Molan. “It is a very effective means of quickly rendering heavily infected wounds sterile, without the side effects of antibiotics, and it is even effective against antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.”

There’s also the UMF (Unique Manuka Factor) to consider. UMF is a phytochemically derived antibacterial property found in some strains of Manuka honey. Honeys must be tested for this special property. A UMF rating of 10 is the minimum recognized for having beneficial healing qualities.

“UMF” on a Manuka honey label guarantees that the product has this special antibacterial benefit to at least the level indicated.

BEE PROPOLIS

Affectionately referred to as “bee glue”, propolis is a natural substance collected by worker bees from the resin of select trees and used to line their hives. In tincture form, you can use it for wound care, as it has antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties.

RECALL ROUNDUP

AFL ATOXIN ALERT!

By Maya Hockley

A pet food with high levels of aflatoxin recently led to the deaths of over 70 dogs.

Learn more about this fatal substance and how to keep your own dog safe.

Aflatoxin is back in the news,

after dangerously high levels found in pet food recently killed more than 70 dogs, and sickened 80 more. On December 30, 2020, the FDA announced a recall warning for Sportmix pet food products manufactured by Midwestern Pet Foods, Inc. In January, the recall was expanded to include additional products that contain corn and were made in the company’s Oklahoma manufacturing plant, as well as products with an expiration date on or before July 9, 2022.

WHAT IS AFLATOXIN? According to the World Health Organization, aflatoxins are poisonous substances produced by certain kinds of fungi (molds) that can contaminate food crops. Two main species of fungi are responsible for producing dangerous aflatoxins — Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungi can grow on pet food ingredients such as corn and other grains, and can contaminate food crops both before and after harvesting. They thrive in warm, humid regions of the world.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF AFLATOXIN POISONING? Aflatoxins may affect all organ systems, especially the liver and kidneys. Symptoms include:

• Sluggishness

• Loss of appetite

• Jaundice (yellowish tint to the eyes, gums, or skin due to liver damage)

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

If your dog or cat has eaten any of the recalled products, the FDA urges you to contact your veterinarian, especially if your animal is showing symptoms.

HOW IS AFLATOXIN POISONING TREATED? Unfortunately, severe or rapid-onset cases of aflatoxin poisoning may progress so quickly that the dog or cat dies before receiving any treatment. Those exposed to non-lethal doses of aflatoxin may survive, but can suffer long-term health issues, including liver damage.

Treatment varies depending on the veterinarian’s assessment of each case. There is no antidote for aflatoxins, so the goal is to provide supportive care for the imbalances in the animal’s system.

HOW CAN I AVOID AFLATOXIN POISONING IN MY ANIMAL? The best way to prevent aflatoxin poisoning is simple — avoid pet foods with low quality grain ingredients such as mill waste or grain by-products. If you’re unsure about the quality of your dog or cat’s food, don’t be afraid to contact the manufacturer directly and ask questions. Tightly reseal bagged food after use, and store in a dry area. If you use a container to store the food, make sure you keep a record of the batch numbers in case the company issues a recall.

For more information on this recall, visit: https://www.fda.gov/ animal-veterinary/outbreaks-and-advisories/fda-alert-certain-lotssportmix-pet-food-recalled-potentially-fatal-levels-aflatoxin.

ADDITIONAL PET FOOD SAFETY TIPS • Clean your dog or cat’s food and water bowls daily with dish soap and hot water.

• Use stainless steel bowls.

• Keep opened canned food covered and refrigerated.

• Keep dry food in an enclosed container to prevent exposure to rodents and pests.

• Wash your hands before, and especially after, handling pet food.

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CAT NUTRITION

Does your cat have a

food allergy — or a food intolerance?

By Jean Hofve, DVM

They’re not one and the same.

Understanding the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance is the first step to helping your cat back to health.

If your cat has a problem with a particular food, you probably assume he’s allergic to it. But that’s not necessarily the case. True food allergies are relatively uncommon. In fact, your cat may actually have what’s termed a food intolerance. Let’s take a look at food allergies and intolerances in cats, and the differences between their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

FOOD INTOLERANCE

“

Variety

may be the key to fewer food allergies throughout a cat’s lifetime.

Also called food sensitivity, food intolerance is a common problem. It’s an adverse reaction to some component of the food, such as additives. Symptoms are usually confined to the digestive tract, with stomach pain, vomiting, or diarrhea being the most common. However, skin rash and itching may also occur.

Adult cats are typically lactose intolerant, so foods containing whey, cheese, or other dairy products may be the culprit for many felines. Food additives such as dyes, BHA, guar gum, and histamines are often implicated. Even certain spices and added antioxidants may be a problem. Fish such as tuna and mackerel used in canned cat food may be quite high in histamine, and may cause vomiting, diarrhea, itchiness, and skin flushing in some cats.

What’s the solution?

Fortunately, the solution to a food intolerance is simple: change the diet.

•K eep in mind that within a brand, similar ingredients tend to be used across the board, so just changing flavors may not be enough. Switching to a different brand, however, may bring relief.

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•U sing a different form of the same diet may also work.

There have been cases in which cats reacted to a dry food but not to the same brand and flavor of canned food, and vice versa.

• I f a cat reacts to cooked meat, try raw; alternatively, if he has an adverse reaction to raw meat, try cooking it.

If your cat has a simple food intolerance, his symptoms will start to resolve within days, and be gone in a week or two. If he is still having problems, talk to your veterinarian about putting him on an elimination diet to help uncover the aggravating ingredients (see sidebar at right).

FOOD ALLERGY

Food allergies are much more complex than food intolerances, and involve the immune system. Allergies tend to develop to one or more proteins that the cat has been exposed to for months or years. You might ask: “But my cat’s been eating that food for ten years, so how can she suddenly be allergic to it?” It’s actually very typical for an allergy to develop after years of exposure to the food in question. In fact, food allergies are very rare in cats under six months of age, but any adult cat may develop one.

Immune cells can react to any protein, including food proteins.

When these cells sense a foreign invader, antibodies will be produced to destroy it. When the trigger is a normally harmless food protein, this constitutes a food allergy.

Technically, the gastrointestinal tract is outside the body. It’s a long tube that opens to the outside at either end. But within the body,

DIAGNOSING FOOD ALLERGIES AND INTOLERANCES Most skin, hair, saliva, and blood allergy tests are so inaccurate in cats that they’re essentially worthless.

A newer saliva test has shown promise in studies but has not been widely accepted.

This means that the elimination diet remains the gold standard of diagnosing a food allergy or intolerance.

For this test, the cat is exclusively fed a diet that doesn’t contain any ingredients he has previously been exposed to. The elimination diet lasts eight to 12 weeks, and there can be no cheating — no treats, no table scraps. If the skin clears up, the cat can be challenged by introducing one ingredient at a time from the old diet.

The most common allergens in cats are fish, beef, chicken/poultry, and dairy products.

This is not surprising, since these are the most common ingredients in commercial cat foods. A cat may be allergic to chicken, but not to eggs or any other poultry; conversely, a chicken-allergic cat may cross-react to all poultry and egg products. Hydrolyzed diets are often a good choice for an elimination trial, since all the proteins in the food have been broken down into pieces that are too small to trigger an allergic reaction.

However, cats that develops one allergy are apt to develop more, and they can even become allergic to hydrolyzed diets.

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CHICKEN… A COMMON INGREDIENT AND ALLERGEN Chicken is a very common allergen in cats, but it isn’t easy to avoid this ingredient in commercial cat foods.

DNA testing has found that foods that don’t list chicken on their labels may still contain it. In one study, 51 out of 52 foods contained chicken, even though six did not list chicken on the label.

the cells lining the gut form a barrier so there is no direct access from inside the tube to the rest of the body. Food gets broken down, taken up by those lining cells, and routed either to the blood or the lymph. This process works perfectly, unless there is some type of injury or inflammation that breaks down the barrier function.

Certain foods are known to cause inflammation in the intestines. Gluten, sugar, nightshades (such as potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers), nuts, and vegetable oils can be quite irritating.

Once inflamed, the tight junctions between intestinal barrier cells become loose or “leaky.” At that point, food and other particles that have not been fully digested can squeeze through.

But the immune system is ready for just such an invasion. Right behind those lining cells are lots and lots of immune cells. Whatever food proteins get through will be treated as invaders and taken through the antibody production process. Food proteins that have been denatured (distorted) by cooking or high heat processing may also be seen as foreign and get the antibody treatment.

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Thereafter, any time those antibodies come across those proteins, they’ll stick to them and cause a destructive inflammatory reaction wherever they may find them.

In cats, food allergies are most likely to cause inflammation in the skin, particularly around the face and ears.

Many, if not most, feline ear infections are caused by food allergies. Gastrointestinal signs may also occur, and can include vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

“

Additives

such as dyes, BHA, guar gum, and histamines are often implicated in food intolerances.

Both food allergy and food intolerance can cause similar symptoms, although intolerance more often causes GI signs, while allergies more commonly manifest in the skin, where they can cause terrible itching and rash-like eruptions.

What’s the solution?

In humans, it has long been thought that avoiding potential allergens is the best plan. However, recent research suggests that early exposure to small amounts of allergens may be a better strategy.

To that end, it may be wise to expose cats to a variety of proteins and food forms when they’re young, and to periodically rotate the diet — e.g. different brands, protein sources, and type of processing (raw, cooked, canned, dry) — to prevent the longterm exposure that seems to be such a problem. In other words, variety may be the key to fewer food allergies throughout a cat’s lifetime.

If your cat already seems to have a food allergy, an elimination diet designed by your veterinarian can again help pinpoint the trigger/s.

As mentioned earlier, food allergies in cats are relatively rare, while food intolerances are quite common.

Knowing the difference between the two conditions, and how they manifest, can help you (with your vet’s assistance) get to the bottom of the problem more quickly.

5

PANDEMIC POINTERS

hr ist i n e Ca p l a n

,C

social distancing tips for walking your dog

C VT

1

By

Exercise is an essential activity for you and your dog during COVID-19, but you also need to keep social distancing in mind.

Here’s how.

Find the best time to walk your dog

Most great walking spots, like great restaurants, tend to have "peak" hours. So plan to head to your favorite spot during "off hours" when fewer people and dogs are about. For example, early in the morning or later in the evening.

Use the right tools to help manage your dog

Use a regular leash that is five or six feet long, instead of a retractable leash. This will give you more control over your dog, making it easier to prevent any unnecessary contact with other dogs and their people. And always carry treats, so it’s easier to get your dog’s attention if you need to!

Politely decline greetings from other dogs and people

Greeting other dogs on walks really isn't necessary, even though it used to be the norm for many people. According to Laura Pakis, owner and founder of Acme Canine, Europeans don't encourage dogs to greet each other or their people when they’re out and about. “Their dogs learn this at a young age, so when they walk past a person or other dog, they don't automatically pull to be greeted.” With this in mind, it’s okay to tell other dog walkers that your own dog “isn't greeting other dogs today”, and cross the street.

Use the pandemic as a training opportunity

Does your dog typically jump or lunge toward other dogs while on walks? Try using social distancing as an opportunity to play the “look at me” game with your dog. When you're about a block away from another dog on a leash, ask your dog to look at you for a treat. This is a great distraction, and you can then cross the street and call, “We're training, good to see you!” and go on your way.

Reduce stress in you and your dog

If you’re feeling anxious about trying to avoid other people and dogs on your walks, your dog may pick up on it and start feeling stressed too. Yawning or lip-licking are subtle signs of canine stress.

You want to enjoy your walks together, so reduce your own stress by having a plan in place, and take some time to breathe and relax before you head out the door.

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NEED TO KNOW

By Christine Caplan, RVT

Inappetence can have many underlying causes, from physical to behavioral. Here are some common reasons your dog or cat may lose her appetite, along with tips to tempt her to eat.

One of the clearest signs that something isn’t quite right with your dog and cat is when she goes off her food. A loss of appetite, or inappetence, is more common than you might think. While it’s often associated with medical conditions such as digestive problems, cancer, or many others, appetite loss can also be caused by behavioral issues, stress, or even a change in the environment. If your dog or cat isn’t eating the way she should, it’s important for your veterinarian to determine the root cause before taking steps to entice her to eat.

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MEDICAL CONDITIONS Everything from parasites to cancer to kidney disease may cause a dog or cat to lose her appetite. So the first order of business when inappetence occurs is to have your dog or cat checked over by the vet, who can also help you with a treatment plan and any dietary changes that may be needed.

SURGERY Surgery is hard on dogs and cats.

Typically, a treatment plan includes medications and post-op instructions.

Many times, the stress from the operation is overwhelming for your animal. It may take her a few days to recover her appetite, during which a bland diet is a safe plan.

Depending on the cause of your dog or cat’s inappetence, there are numerous ways to encourage her to eat. Be sure to work with your veterinarian if your animal has a medical condition, since there may be certain foods or supplements she shouldn’t have.

•T oppers: Break up a few natural freeze-dried treats and sprinkle them on top of her food. Other topper ideas include the liquid from a tin of water-packed salmon or sardines, a dollop of yogurt, or a bit of cheese.

A few pieces of lean meat such as chicken or beef can also help stimulate his appetite. If you have a cat, try catnip as a topper!

Do not fast her for more than half a day.

• Baby food: Try a few jars of chicken or turkey flavored baby food as a small meal.

•H and-feeding: Give her small pieces of boiled chicken or ground beef by hand.

•E nvironmental changes: Trying feeding her a meal in a different room, or use a plate versus a bowl.

• Acupuncture: This modality is known to increase a dog or cat's appetite; many senior animals will be hungry following a session.

• CBD oil: Along with its many other effects, CBD oil is known to help with appetite stimulation.

•B land diet (for dogs): Try boiling white rice and a breast of chicken, and feed a small amount to your dog.

• Warmed food: Warming up your dog or cat’s food may help increase her appetite.

• Fasting: Skip a meal and see if your animal is hungrier later in the day.

• Herbal therapy: An excellent herb to help with nausea is ginger, but there are many others that can help entice an animal to eat. Work with a holistic or integrative veterinarian when considering herbs for your dog or cat.

3. MEDICATIONS

6. DENTAL ISSUES

8. DEPRESSION

Some medications, including opioids, may cause stomach upset and diarrhea.

For example, not all dogs tolerate the drug Tramadol very well and may have diarrhea. Talk to your veterinarian about the side effects of any medications your dog or cat may have to take.

Periodontal disease is very common in companion animals and poor oral health is one reason they may stop eating.

Inflamed gums and tooth abscesses are very painful. Cats in particular are incredibly stoic, so it may not be obvious that dental discomfort is the reason for their reluctance to eat.

The death of a family member, whether two-legged or four-legged, may cause depression in a dog or cat. Inappetence is common when an animal is depressed by the loss of a friend or companion.

4. AGING Many senior animals lose their normal appetite at some point. Inappetence may occur after a health condition is diagnosed, or just over time as your dog or cat gets older. For example, it is normal for an aging dog to no longer be hungry at the beginning of the day. Wait a few hours, and try feeding her again to see if this makes a difference.

5. STRESS Any form of stress may cause inappetence in a dog or cat. A move or other change of environment can result in GI upset and loss of appetite. Loud or unfamiliar sounds such as thunder or construction noises are also stressful to animals.

7. CHANGE IN DIET Cats especially can be averse to trying new foods, and may turn up their noses rather than eat something different. So if you’re changing your animal’s diet, don’t do it all at once. Slowly introduce the new food in small amounts to his regular meals, and gradually add a little more each day (while reducing amounts of the old food). This not only helps prevent GI upset, but can also help the animal better accept the new food.

9. BEHAVIORAL ISSUES Problems with behavior, such as separation anxiety, can interfere with an animal’s appetite. Excessive vocalization or destructiveness are common symptoms of separation anxiety, but inappetence can also occur. You may need to work with an animal behaviorist to solve the problem.

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10. FIREWORKS Fireworks are associated with several annual holidays, from New Year’s Eve to July 4, as well as Victoria Day and Canada Day weekends north of the border. Public and private fireworks displays may occur during the week leading up to the holiday, which means your dog or cat may be more stressed than usual and may not eat as well for a few days.

Most dogs love food, and so do many cats

(although felines can definitely be more picky).

So it’s worrying when your four-legged

friend loses her appetite. By pinpointing

and treating the cause while doing what

you can to tempt her to eat (see sidebars),

you should soon have her looking

forward to dinner again!

If an adult dog or cat only refuses one meal, there probably isn’t much to be concerned about. However, if two or three days pass and he still isn’t eating properly, schedule a veterinary appointment as soon as possible. A puppy or kitten that isn’t eating may signal a medical emergency; call the vet immediately if your youngster refuses a meal.

Your veterinarian will need to run a series of diagnostics and lab work to rule out any medical conditions and health issues behind your animal’s loss of appetite. Often, it is impossible to rule out many of these conditions without lab work. The tests may vary, but typically include bloodwork, a urinalysis and/or a fecal test. Depending on what the results show, further diagnostics may be required.

Once you’ve discovered what’s behind your dog or cat’s inappetance, your vet will implement a treatment plan that will often help your animal regain an interest in food. If her appetite still seems off, however, or if her inappetence is being caused by stress, depression, or aging, you can take further steps to entice her to eat more (see sidebar on page 49).

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Advertorial

Black soldier fly-based dog food — new novel protein for hypoallergenic diets

By Brad Ewankiw, BS Agriculture

The new buzz

One new ingredient that’s generating a lot of buzz in the hypoallergenic pet food category is protein made from black soldier fly larvae (or grubs). To create this ingredient, the grubs are dried, heat treated, and ground into a protein-rich powder or oil that can then be added to a pet food recipe, alongside other ingredients.

Black soldier fly protein is an excellent choice for a hypoallergenic diet because it’s a novel ingredient — meaning it has never been used in dog food before. That’s a benefit for sensitive dogs because, in general, they need to have been previously exposed to a food ingredient for their bodies to react against it. In other words, this is an ingredient you can feel confident about feeding to your dog.

Nutritious and digestible

The powder created from black soldier fly grubs is filled with prebiotics, essential amino acids, and digestible lipids. Black soldier fly oil is rich in lauric acid — the medium-chain fatty acid that drives the popularity of coconut oil — and it also contains a significant amount of unsaturated fats.

Trials have shown that black soldier fly protein and fat are also highly digestible and palatable.

A sustainable protein source

There’s another major reason to incorporate black soldier fly protein into dog food — it’s one of the most sustainable sources of protein available in the world today.

Enterra is one company pioneering the use of this protein to help create a more sustainable future for us (and our animals). This renewable insect ingredient has less impact on the environment than existing alternatives — it uses only a fraction of the land and water needed for other protein sources.

Enterra also naturally upcycles the nutrients found in organic matter such as food waste. They provide their black soldier fly larvae with 100% plant-based,

traceable, recycled food like vegetables, fruit, and grain — which stops food waste from ending up in landfills, all while ensuring the larvae receive the nutrition they need.

Most of us go to great lengths to provide the best care for our dogs, and part of that care is giving them healthy, tasty, natural — and sustainable — food.

As the product line manager for feed ingredients at Enterra, Brad Ewankiw is responsible for all aspects of product management for the current portfolio of black soldier fly larvae-based products and ingredients. As well, he manages the product development process, focusing on new products that will provide value in the pet food and feed markets.

Graphic courtesy of Enterra, enterra.com

Nowadays, we have a greater appreciation of the role that diet plays in the health of our dogs. We’re starting to understand how allergies to pet food ingredients could be at the root of chronic health issues ranging from arthritis to skin conditions to ear infections. Because of this, many pet food manufacturers are going beyond the staple ingredient list to find new sources of protein that are easy on the canine gut and immune system.

P O W ER F UL P R O TEIN F O R DO GS Here are 5 reasons why insect protein makes a nutritious and sustainable pet food ingredient.

It’s hypoallergenic It’s an excellent protein source It’s sustainably produced It’s highly digestible It’s 100% natural

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LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD

By Tess Faulk

Compassionate DOG GROOMING

Compassionate dog grooming is not a new theory or practice, but the term and the idea behind it have been gaining greater traction recently thanks to social media. This article delves into the behind-thescenes world of compassionate dog grooming to show you what it’s all about — and how it can transform your dog’s grooming experience into one that’s enjoyable as well as stress-free.

The term “compassionate

dog grooming” has been trending on social media lately, with more groomers coming on board to discuss this alternative approach. Here’s an inside look at what compassionate dog grooming is all about.

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Defining compassionate grooming Compassionate dog grooming is an approach that uses empathy and intuition in order to create a joyful, peaceful and fear-free experience for the dog. It’s the approach I use in my own grooming business, and it has helped shape the way I work within my profession. It basically means I use my innate ability to see what each dog is feeling so I can factor his comfort and well-being into the entire grooming process.

COMMUNICATION IS

crucial Getting to know your dog A groomer uses cues from a dog to determine what his needs might be, along with considering his age, mobility and behavior. For example, I start by sitting with the dog on the floor, talking to him — and listening! Dogs love to communicate and most have a lot to say if we just listen. We won’t hear actual words, but we will get messages if we keep our minds and hearts open. It’s important to note that this aspect of compassionate grooming is difficult to teach.

Some people have a natural and authentic ability to listen and relate to animals with awareness and understanding.

I will spend anywhere from five to 15 minutes introducing myself, touching the dog, and also introducing the tools I will be using during the grooming process. I allow the dog to sniff the tools and hear the sounds they make (e.g. clippers, nail grinder). This time is also used to evaluate the dog’s coat and the condition of his skin, as well as his reactions.

Other compassionate groomers might do this differently, and that’s okay — different techniques can be used with similar intentions.

Ultimately, compassionate grooming is about evaluation, intuition, and providing comfort to the animal.

FAST FACT:

Taking several minutes to do this type of introduction actually saves time during the grooming process.

Ultimately, communication between the dog parent

and the groomer, as well as the groomer and the dog, is the foundation of the

compassionate grooming

process. A positive working

relationship with your groomer fosters a well-rounded

approach to your dog’s well-

being. This is hopefully going

to be a long-term relationship

and you want that relationship to not only be about your

A dog given the opportunity to become familiar with the groomer and her tools is going to be much happier about cooperating, and this not only saves time but also makes the whole experience more pleasant for both the dog and the groomer. For instance, it’s better to find out beforehand that towel drying is better for certain dogs than using a force dryer.

Incorporating alternative modalities

communication is the best

While the innate skills discussed above are invaluable, learning new modalities for calming and healing is another tool used by compassionate groomers.

answered and expand your

FAST FACT:

dog’s needs, but to meet

your goals and concerns as well. Therefore, effective

way to get your questions

understanding and knowledge of the compassionate dog

grooming process. It’s totally acceptable to ask about the groomer’s philosophy and

techniques, and about how

she might handle a senior dog, for example, or a brand new puppy that is full of energy.

Animal Reiki, homeopathy, flower essences, Ayurveda, animal communication and more fall within the spectrum of compassionate grooming practices.

Groomers can be certified in these modalities; in fact, this approach is being adopted and used as part of today’s compassionate grooming buzz. By incorporating one or more of these modalities into her skillset, a groomer has multiple ways to help calm stressed dogs and make the grooming experience more relaxing and enjoyable.

Taking health issues into consideration A good groomer will be able to recognize potential health issues such as lumps or bumps, thinning hair, ear infections, skin problems, Animal Wellness

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The

compassionate

grooming facility

Many dogs are fine with large, busy salons, even with other dogs and distractions around. But some don’t do well in these scenarios. Small, private one-on-one facilities are an alternative solution for easily-stressed dogs, or you could consider a mobile groomer who will come to your home. However, not every groomer has the luxury of working in a private one-on-one space. If this is the case, look for a salon that allows the groomer to control her own work environment, while having the ability to work privately with your dog.

dental disease, and mobility issues, and bring them to your attention. A compassionate groomer will also take any health issues into account when maximizing the dog’s comfort during the grooming appointment.

For example, a dog’s mobility status will affect the length of his grooming sessions. Perhaps just the bathing and brushing will take all the energy a particular dog has to give at any time, especially if he’s a senior. If an entire grooming session is too much for the dog, a compassionate groomer will create a customized session based on his needs, perhaps by dividing it into two parts.

FAST FACT:

Compassionate grooming also involves keeping an eye on the dog’s well-being during the session and making accommodations to relieve any discomfort.

For older dogs or those with arthritis, standing for long periods can be painful or fatiguing. Allowing these dogs to lie down for part of the session is a wonderful way to continue the grooming without adding stress to their joints. I also tend to use softer brushes,

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and complete one side of the dog before gently turning him to his other side.

Essential oils and flower essences The grooming environment should be quiet and calming, right down to the music and aroma. Music affects a dog’s behavior, and many groomers are using essential oil diffusers in their salons. Just be sure that the facility is using high quality therapeutic grade oils — cheap products can actually be toxic and harmful to dogs. Additionally, I have found that dogs (just like humans) may prefer or resonate more with some scents and not others, although a good quality lavender oil is very safe when diffused in small amounts, and tends to have a calming effect.

FAST FACT:

A compassionate groomer who is using essential oils in the salon should take the scent preferences of individual dogs into consideration.

I like to use Ayurvedic principles when matching calming options to the needs of individual dogs. In the tradition of Ayurveda there are three recognized “doshas” based on body type and personality traits — Pitta, Vata and Kapha.

In supporting these varied body types and personalities, I prefer to use flower essences and homeopathic blends over essential oils.

Flower essences are odorless, and I find I get better and more consistent results when using them to help dogs through any stress or behavior difficulties. They can help with a dog that has experienced past trauma; is lacking confidence or courage; or perhaps has too much courage and needs help settling down. Whatever the behavior challenge is, I find that flower essences help balance the dog I am working with.

Compassionate grooming takes the stress out of your dog’s salon visits, for a happier and more peaceful experience for everyone.

What is limited ingredient dog food?

You’ve heard of limited ingredient dog food — but what is it exactly, and is it right for your canine companion?

By Gary Tashjian

Limited ingredient dog foods are made with a minimal number of ingredients to reduce allergic reactions and food intolerances while still providing complete and balanced nutrition. Also called limited antigen dog foods, these diets have one to a few high quality proteins, and one to a few carbohydrates from vegetables, fruits, or starches, though some veterinarians consider limited ingredient foods to be those containing only one protein and one carb.

What to look for — and avoid Although commercially available limited ingredient recipes have improved over the years, no official definition exists for limited ingredient foods, and pet food labels can often be misleading. Here are a few things to look for when searching for limited ingredient dog foods for your canine companion: • Simple, high quality ingredients • Single protein • Free of fillers, preservatives, and additives A few things to avoid: • General descriptions such as “poultry”, which can mean turkey, chicken, or any other fowl

•F ood dyes, artificial flavors, and preservatives • By-products or vague ingredients like “chicken meal” • Fillers like tapioca, soy, and corn

What is the best limited ingredient dog food for allergies?

Examine the label’s guaranteed analysis, which provides maximum percentages of crude fiber and moisture and minimum percentages of crude protein and crude fat, to ensure you’re getting a balanced food.

It’s also important to find a food that’s minimally processed to ensure the bioavailability and preservation of nutrients. Raw or gently cooked diets are usually less processed than conventional canned or kibble diets.

Next, look for these characteristics: • The meal should contain only one protein.

• Look for novel whole proteins. Novel foods are those the dog hasn’t eaten before, which means he would not have built up antigens against it. Novel foods won’t prevent allergies from developing, but they are less likely.

– Examples of novel animal protein: Game meat, buffalo, kangaroo, pheasant, venison, and duck.

–E xamples of novel carbs: Squash, amaranth, millet, and quinoa. Limit the use of white potatoes because the natural component, solanine, can exacerbate arthritis.

• Look for zinc, copper, and selenium, as well as vitamins A, C, E, and B6 to support the immune system in the gut.

Is limited ingredient dog food right for your dog?

If you suspect your dog has health issues, first consult with your vet to ensure there is no serious underlying condition. Keep in mind that foods cause less than 10% of dog allergies, yet they are frequently the first source held responsible for skin and other issues. Allergies usually result from environmental causes, such as pollen, grass, dust, soaps, cleaners, cigarette smoke, perfumes, shampoos or pests such as mites and fleas. However, a limited ingredient diet of sustainably raised protein and carbs can often soothe skin and digestive irritations and possibly pre-empt some health problems.

Gary Tashjian is the owner and founder of Darwin’s Natural Pet Products. Gary spotted the opportunity to help more pets live longer lives with healthier diets and founded Darwin’s Natural Pet Products in 2004, the first raw pet food company in the Pacific Northwest. Over the past 17 years, Darwin’s has served more than 80 million nutritious meals to dogs and cats, helping tens of thousands of pets live healthier lives.

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EATING WELL Intestinal worms are more common in our canine companions than you may think. A variety of foods, from kefir to oats, can help keep these unwanted parasites at bay.

S F D F O O D G R A O FCO D W R N U A

O Y T A TH MS IN R O W r. S

By D

uz i B

Worms are incredibly common in the intestinal tracts of our dogs, especially when they’re puppies. Some of the symptoms caused by these parasites include diarrhea, weight loss, inappetence, vomiting, lethargy, and a dull coat. This article presents a list of whole foods, along with a couple of supplements, that can help your dog “ward off worms.”

1.

PUMPKIN SEEDS In Traditional Chinese Medicine, pumpkin seeds are recognized for their sweet and neutral properties, and belong to the “Herbs that Expel Parasites” category, especially when it comes to pin worms and round worms.

Pumpkin seeds are packed with nutrition. They are a valuable source of zinc, which is concentrated in the very thin layer found underneath the shell. They also contain the full spectrum of vitamin E, manganese, phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant phytonutrients like lignans, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and iron. Pumpkin seeds, as well as the extract and oil, have antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties.

When it comes to worms, curcurbitin is the key component in pumpkin seeds. It is a compound with anti-parasitic properties that has the capacity to paralyze worms in the intestines and digestive tract.

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e

o Hon ber,

ausa r is c

Preparation and use • Purchase certified organic, raw pumpkin seeds. Grind them in a food processor or coffee grinder, and add ¼ teaspoon per ten pounds of body weight to your dog’s food. Keep in mind that raw pumpkin seeds can go rancid quite easily; they can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to two months.

• For a tasty treat or meal topper, lightly-roasted pumpkin seeds can be shared with your dog. Simply preheat your oven to 175°F. Place pumpkin seeds on a cookie sheet covered with parchment paper, bake for 15 to 20 minutes, then cool. Grind the seeds or keep them whole; you can add a sprinkle of sea salt too.

2.

KEFIR

Often referred to as the “grain of life,” kefir is a fermented milk product that has a very long history. Kefir grains consist of casein (protein) and gelatinous colonies of microorganisms that are grown together. One absolutely amazing thing about kefir grains is that the culture is a living organism with an indefinite lifespan, so you can use the grains over and over again. Packed with probiotics, this whole food has anti-fungal properties, helps relieve flatulence, kills yeast — and has anti-parasitic properties. You may be surprised to learn that kefir contains ten strains of beneficial bacteria.

Preparation and use It’s easy to make your own kefir:

Carrot Flan Recipe Ingredients

q Place 1 to 2 tablespoons of kefir grains in a sterilized glass jar.

Large mason jars work well.

2 cups finely-grated organic carrots

dd 2 cups of fresh milk. Try goat or sheep milk; you can even wA use almond or coconut milk. Room temperature works best.

6 tablespoons broth or filtered water

e Gently stir with a wooden spoon. r Cover the jar with cheesecloth or a tea towel, then place the jar somewhere out of direct sunlight (e.g. a cupboard). t Leave the kefir grains and milk to ferment for at least 24 hours, but no more than 48 hours. y Pour the contents of the glass jar into a strainer. u The final step is to put your strained grains into a new sterilized jar, so you are all set to begin to make your next batch of kefir. The grains can be rested in the refrigerator for up to seven days, covered in milk or yogurt. If you want to wait longer before making a new batch of kefir, simply add fresh milk or yogurt to your kefir grains.

Kefir is a great topper for any meal. It provides the gastrointestinal tract with beneficial bacteria, and contains not only probiotics, but vitamins, amino acids, and natural enzymes to help keep worms at bay. Begin with 1 teaspoon for small dogs, 2 teaspoons for medium-sized dogs, and 1 tablespoon for large dogs.

3.

CARROTS

Carrots are a powerhouse of nutrients.

There are over 100 varieties, and each is a storehouse of nutrients. Carrots contain pro-vitamin A, also known as beta-carotene, vitamins B, C, D, E and K, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, magnesium, manganese, sulphur, copper, and iodine. The betacarotene found in carrots is the key to helping destroy the eggs of intestinal worms; additionally, the texture of carrots helps gently scour the intestinal tract.

Preparation and use Grated raw carrots are best for parasites, and are perfect as a meal topper. Try 2 teaspoons per day for small dogs, 4 teaspoons for medium-sized dogs, and 2 tablespoons for large dogs. Alternatively, try the following recipe.

6 egg yolks ½ teaspoon sea salt Shake of turmeric (optional) Instructions reheat oven to 350°F. P Combine ingredients in a food processor or blender.

Lightly oil a small Pyrex dish, pour in mixture and bake for 30 minutes.

Cool, cut, and serve.

4.

COCONUT

Coconut is rich is digestible oils, and also provides an excellent source of fiber. Dry, unsweetened, dessicated coconut acts as a vermifuge, helping to remove worm eggs from dogs.

Preparation and use The use of coconut in animals was pioneered by Juliette de Bairacli Levy, author of The Complete Handbook for the Dog and Cat (1955) and The Complete Herbal Handbook for Farm and Stable (1952). She recommends that one dessert spoon of desiccated coconut be given to average-sized dogs, three or four times a week, so consider 1 teaspoon for small dogs or 1 tablespoon for large dogs, or simply use as a sprinkle on meals.

TURMERIC Turmeric has been used for health and healing since 250 BC, when it was cited in a Sanskrit medical treatise used for Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems as an ingredient in an ointment to combat food poisoning. Curcumin, the active constituent of turmeric, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, and anti-microbial properties.

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INTESTINAL PARASITES

It has also been found that turmeric has anti-parasitic properties. A study conducted in 2017 demonstrated that when whole turmeric powder was suspended in olive oil, "parasite worm burden” was lessened to a significant degree.

Another study showed that curcumin alone inhibited Giardia proliferation.

GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT

Preparation and use

Grapefruit seed extract first came into use in the 1970s, when immunologist Dr. Jacob Harich was looking for an alternative to antibiotics that was non-toxic and would help the body resist bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. He found what he was looking for in the seeds and connecting tissue of the grapefruit.

• An infusion of turmeric is one way to provide a revitalizing tonic that helps fight parasites in your dog. Simply take 1 teaspoon of organic turmeric powder and place it in a strainer in a cup. Fill the cup with freshly boiled filtered water. Cover the cup with a plate and leave it to infuse (steep) for five to ten minutes. For dosage, 125 ml can be used with a small dog, 250 ml for medium to large dogs, and 500 ml for giant breeds.

SUPPLEMENTS FOR

GSE exhibits significant antimicrobial activity at low concentration. It is great for diarrhea and helps treat a variety of parasites and viruses. It is particularly beneficial as part of your arsenal for fighting Giardia.

My kitchen cupboard and first aid kit are never without it.

To use: Add 1 drop per ten pounds body weight to your dog’s food.

OIL OF OREGANO Oregano has a long and colorful history. The ancient Greeks were among the first to use this herb for its medicinal properties. Wild oregano is rich in calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium, copper, boron, and manganese, as well as vitamins A and C, and niacin.

Oil of oregano is often referred to as “the cure in the cupboard.” Its two phenols, carvacrol and thymol, give it potent antiseptic, fungicidal, and worm-repellant properties.

To use: Simply add 1 to 3 drops to your dog’s food to help ward off worms.

• Alternatively, add a sprinkle of turmeric to your dog’s meals, and try a drizzle of first-pressed olive oil to go along with it.

Oat Biscuits Recipe Ingredients 4 cups whole oat flour 1 cup oatmeal (whole oats can be whirled in food processor or blender.)

1 cup oat bran 1 tablespoon Saigon cinnamon 1 tablespoon carob powder (carob chips can be whirled in a food processor or blender if powder is not available) 2 tablespoons local honey 2 cups apple butter or unsweetened apple sauce Instructions Try to use organic ingredients whenever possible.

Preheat oven to 350°F – these biscuits can be done on the convection or bake setting.

Combine all ingredients in a food processor or mixer.

The dough is ready when it pulls away from the sides of the bowl. Turn out onto a floured cutting board and knead a few times. If you find that your dough is too wet, you can add more whole oat flour; if it’s drying out, add a little more apple butter or apple sauce.

Take small pieces from the ball of dough and roll out to a thickness of about ¼” Cut the dough into desired shapes. Alternatively, you can roll out the dough to

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6.

OATS

Oats are classified as one of the world’s healthiest foods. They are nutrient-dense and provide sustained energy. Even when oats are hulled, they still retain all their fiber and nutrients.

Oats contain manganese, selenium, tryptophan, phosphorus, vitamin B1, dietary fiber, magnesium, and protein. Oats, oat bran, and oatmeal contain a special type of fiber called betaglucan, shown to lower cholesterol, helping to reduce the risk of heart disease, and supporting the immune system’s response to bacterial infections, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Preparation and use Add ½ teaspoon of organic oat bran to a small dog’s diet, 1 teaspoon for a medium-sized dog, and 2 teaspoons for a large dog, or give the following recipe a try.

pencil thickness and make very small treats, or score into squares with a knife or pizza cutter.

Place biscuits on cookie sheets that have been lightly-oiled or covered with parchment paper.

You should have sufficient dough to fill two cookie sheets. If you like, you can make one sheet of biscuits and freeze the remaining dough for another time.

Bake for 30 minutes. Turn off the oven and let the biscuits cool completely before removing.

You can leave the biscuits in an open bowl, where they will continue to harden, or store in a Ziploc bag or cookie jar.

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COMMUNICATORS

INTEGRATIVE VETS Affordable Holistic Animal Therapies West Hollywood, CA USA Phone: 323-304-2984 Ballantrae Animal Hospital Margaret Hacking, DVM Stouffville, ON Canada Phone: (905) 640-6809 Website: www.AnimalWellnessCentre.com Beechmount Animal Hospital Waterloo, ON Canada Phone: (519) 888-6590 Website: www.beechmountanhosp.ca Dr. Lisa Burgess Millgrove Veterinary Services Millgrove, ON Canada Phone: (905) 690-4557 Email: service@burgessvet.com Website: www.millgrovevet.com Sharon R. Doolittle, DVM, Inc. Smithfield, RI USA Phone: (401) 349-2668 Email: vetinfo@holisticanimalvet.com Website: www.holisticanimalvet.com

Janice DeFonda Can We Talk Fayetteville, NY USA Phone: (315) 329-0116 Email: angelwhispurr@gmail.com Website: www.angelwhispurr.com

Dr. Autumn Drouin, DVM, ND and Dr. Sasan Haghighat (Hyatt), DVM, CVA North-East Newmarket Veterinary Service Newmarket, ON Canada Phone: (905) 830-1030 Email: holisticveterinarian@gmail.com Website: www.holistic-vet.ca

Animal Wellness

• Acupuncture • Chiropractic •Conventional Medicine •Therapeutic Nutrition •Traditional Chinese Medicine Guelph, Ontario, Canada (519)836-2782 www.GuelphVet.com info@GuelphVet.com Harwood Oaks Animal Clinic Bedford, TX USA Phone: 817-354-7676 Website: www.harwoodoaksanimalclinic.com Hawks Prairie Veterinary Hospital Lacey, WA USA Phone: (360) 459-6556 Email: hawksprairievet@yahoo.com Website: www.hawksprairieveterinaryhospital.com Holistic Animal Care Stephanie Chalmers, DVM, CVH Santa Rosa, CA USA Phone: (707) 538-4643 Home Vet Weston, CT USA Phone: (203) 222-7979 Website: www.homevet.com

Carrie Hutchinson, VMD Rockledge Veterinary Clinic Rockledge, PA USA Phone: (215) 379-1677 Email: info@rockledgevet.com Website: www.rockledgevet.com

Essex Animal Hospital Essex, ON CAN Phone: (519) 776-7325 Email: info@essexanimalhospital.ca Website: www.essexanimalhospital.ca Family Veterinary Center Haydenville, MA USA Phone: (413) 268-8387 Website: www.famvets.com

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Individualized, Integrative Veterinary Care

Horizon Veterinary Services Susan Maier, DVM Simpsonville, KY USA Phone: (502) 722-8231 Email: horizonvetserv@yahoo.com Website: www.horizonvetserv.com

Lydia Hiby Mysticviz Burbank, CA USA Phone: (818)-244-0091 Website: www.lydiahiby.com Lynn McKenzie Animal Energy Sedona, AZ USA Phone: (512) 827-0505 x 8642 Email: lynn@animalenergy.com Website: www.animalenergy.com

Dr. Caroline Goulard, DVM, CCRT, CVA, CVPP Paws on the Go Laguna Woods, CA USA Phone: (949) 707-1696 Email: cgoulard@pawsonthego.net Website: www.pawsonthego.net

Integrated Veterinary Clinic Sacramento, CA USA Phone: 916-454-1825 Gail Jewell, DVM Kelowna, BC Canada Phone: (888) 622-8300 Website: www.holisticvet.ca

communicators • integrative vets • natural products • pet psychics • publications • Reiki therapy • schools & wellness education • shelters & rescues •

SCHOOLS & WELLNESS EDUCATION PetMassage, Ltd. Toledo, OH USA Toll Free: (800) 779-1001 Phone: (419) 475-3539 Email: info@petmassage.com Website: www.petmassage.com

PET PSYCHICS

NATURAL PRODUCT

MANUFACTURERS & DISTRIBUTORS Azmira Holistic Animal Care Tuscon, AZ USA Phone: (800) 497-5665 Email: info@azmira.com Website: www.azmira.com

NATURAL PRODUCT RETAILERS Dog Gone Dirt All Natural Dog & Horse Skin Care Products Crescent City, FL USA Phone: (386) 559-3454 Email: doggonedirt@yahoo.com Website: www.doggonedirt.co

Well Animal Institute Brighton, CO USA Phone: (303) 514-0076 Email: info@wellanimalinstitute.com Website: www.wellanimalinstitute.com

SHELTERS & RESCUES

Dr. Shawn Messonnier Paws and Claws Vet Clinic Plano, TX USA Phone: (972) 712-0893 Email: shawnvet@sbcglobal.net Website: www.pettogethers.net/healthypet Mark Newkirk, VMD Newkirk Family Veterinarians Egg Harbor Township, NJ USA Phone: (609) 645-2120 Email: mnewk@alternativevet.com Website: www.alternativevet.com

Healing Touch for Animals Highlands Ranch, CO USA Phone: (303) 470-6572 Email: drea@healingtouchforanimals.com Website: www.healingtouchforanimals.co

Alaskan Malamute Mt. Gilead, OH USA Phone: (419) 512-2423 Email: shaman@brightnet.net American Brittany Rescue Sugar Grove, IL USA Phone: (866) BRIT-911 Email: rhonda@americanbrittanyrescue.org Website: www.americanbrittanyrescue.org

REIKI THERAPY Aileen D’Angelo, RMT, Cn. TPM Hoof, Paw & Claw Reiki Northboro, MA USA Phone: (508) 393-3684 Email: hoofpawclaw@verizon.net Website: www.reikiforcritters.com

Animal Avengers Los Angeles, CA USA Phone: (323) 655-4220 Email: admin@animalavengers.com Website: www.animalavengers.com

Amy Pikalek Hikari Natural Healing Madison, WI USA Phone: (608) 886-8778 Email: hikarihealing@yahoo.com Website: www.hikarihealing.com

Advertise your business in the Wellness Resource Guide

1-866-764-1212

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IN FOCUS

Understanding

vaccinosis in dogs and cats Defined as an adverse reaction to a shot, vaccinosis can affect dogs and cats in various ways, from mild to severe.

D gs Cats

By W. Jean Dodds, DVM

Dogs and cats sometimes react negatively to vaccination, just as we humans do. This phenomenon is termed vaccinosis, and reactions can range from mild lethargy or a temporary loss of appetite, to severe conditions such as anaphylactic shock, ataxia, or even death.

In this article, we’ll look at vaccinosis in detail, and offer some tips for protecting your own dog or cat from this scary situation.

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PREVENTING OR MINIMIZING ADVERSE VACCINE REACTIONS • Avoid over-vaccination or unnecessary vaccines.

• Ask about titer testing in place of annual boosters — some vaccines have a duration of immunity that can last five or more years, making annual shots unnecessary and even dangerous.

• If your veterinarian is not open to discussing alternatives to yearly vaccines, look for another vet.

• A healthy lifestyle that includes optimal nutrition, minimal stress, limited exposure to environmental toxins, etc. can help boost your dog or cat’s immunity, balance his microbiome, and reduce the risk of allergies and other chronic diseases.

REACTIONS MAY BE IMMEDIATE OR DELAYED

Adverse vaccinal events can be classified as immediate/short-term, or delayed/longer-term.

1

Immediate and short-term

Adverse effects occur immediately or can occur within several days, and manifest as anaphylaxis (allergic shock) or even death, although rapid intervention and therapy are usually successful. Clinical signs can include rapid swelling of the eyelids, lips and face, itching, vomiting, weals and hives, and difficulty breathing. These effects can occur within minutes to hours of vaccination; they can also be biphasic and appear again in several days.

2

Delayed and longer-term

Delayed vaccine reactions can occur anywhere between five to 45 days.

Clinical signs associated with these reactions typically include fever, stiffness, sore joints, abdominal tenderness, susceptibility to infections, neurological disorders and encephalitis, collapse with auto-agglutinated red blood cells and icterus (immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, IMHA), or generalized petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, IMTP).

Hepatic enzymes may be markedly elevated, and liver or kidney failure may occur by itself or accompany bone marrow suppression.

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH VACCINOSIS

• In cats, aggressive tumors (fibrosarcomas) can occasionally arise at the site of vaccination.

Additionally, a more recent study from Italy reported similar tumors in dogs at vaccine injection sites. The investigators stated that their “study identified distinct similarities between canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas, suggesting the possibility of the development of post-injection sarcomas not only in cats, but also in dogs.” Other cancers such as leukemia have also been associated with vaccines.

• Vaccinating dogs with polyvalent vaccines containing rabies virus or rabies vaccine alone can induce the production of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies, which has implications for the subsequent development of canine hypothyroidism.

• Post-vaccinal polyneuropathy is a recognized entity occasionally associated with the use of canine distemper and rabies vaccines, although any vaccine could presumably be implicated.

These neurological effects can result in various clinical signs including muscular atrophy, inhibition or interruption of neuronal control of tissue and organ function, muscular excitation, uncoordination and weakness, as well as seizures, and unprovoked aggressive behavior.

VACCINE ADJUVANTS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

Killed (inactivated) virus vaccines containing adjuvants, like those for the rabies virus (mercury), can trigger both immediate and delayed adverse vaccine reactions. While immediate hypersensitivity reactions may occur, other acute events tend to manifest 24 to 72 hours Animal Wellness

63

later, or up to a week afterwards, and as long as 45 days later in the case of more delayed reactions, as outlined above.

Documented reactions in these cases include behavioral aggression and separation anxiety; destruction and shredding of clothing and bedding; obsessive behavior such as barking, fearfulness, self-mutilation, tail chewing; pica (eating wood, stones, earth, and feces); seizures and epilepsy; fibrosarcomas at the injection site; and autoimmune diseases such as those affecting bone marrow and blood cells, joints, eyes, skin, kidney, liver, bowel, and the central nervous system; muscular weakness or atrophy; and chronic digestive problems.

RABIES VACCINES MOST COMMON CULPRIT

In the US, rabies vaccines are the most common group of biological products identified in adverse event reports received by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB). Currently, 14 rabies vaccines are labeled for use in dogs, but only two do not contain thimerosal

(mercury) as a preservative. All rabies vaccines are evaluated for safety prior to licensure, but the trials may not detect all safety concerns for a number of reasons, including an insufficient number of animals for low frequency events, insufficient duration of observation, sensitivities of subpopulations (e.g. breed, reproductive status, and unintended species), or interactions with concomitantly administered products.

“Rabies vaccines are the most common group of biological products identified in adverse event reports received by the CVB,” the organization says. Between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2007, for example, the CVB states that nearly 10,000 adverse event reports (all animal species) were received by manufacturers of rabies vaccines (and it’s important to note that vaccinal adverse reactions were, and still are, seriously under-reported).

Approximately 65% of the manufacturers’ reports involved dogs; during the

three-year period covered, the CVB received 246 adverse event reports for dogs in which a rabies vaccine was identified as one of the products administered.

One of the most disturbing aspects of these findings is the failure to consider the potential impact of mercury used as a preservative in all but two licensed canine rabies vaccines, and in some other animal vaccines. Mercury and other metals (aluminum, nickel, chromium, silver and gold) can cause hypersensitivity or autoimmunity, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, neurological disorders, kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, and unspecific symptoms such as chronic fatigue and myalgia. Studies also have shown that these toxic metal-induced disorders occur in individuals with a susceptible genotype.

While vaccinosis is a serious problem, it’s not all bad news. There are steps you can take to help minimize the risk of an adverse vaccine reaction in your own dog or cat (see sidebar on page 63), while also keeping him safe from the infectious diseases vaccines are designed to protect against.

RISKS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO VACCINOSIS A variety of factors are known to increase the risk of adverse vaccine reactions in dogs and cats: • Genetic predisposition (certain breeds or families of dog appear to be more susceptible to adverse reactions, particularly post-vaccinal seizures, high fevers, and painful episodes of hypertrophic osteodystrophy) • Influence of changes in sex hormones (estrus, mating, pseudopregnancy, pregnancy, lactation, pyometra, prostatic hyperplasia) • Other health issues and co-morbidities

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• Environmental toxin exposure and parasite preventives • Foods and supplements that alter the gut microbiome • Lifestyle and geographic location • Type of vaccine and adjuvant used (e.g. rabies and thimerosal) • Pre-existing allergies — e.g. inhalant allergies (atopy) to pollens

SPRING

specialties First aid for active animals Raw feeding on the go

Now that spring’s here, life gets busier. For dogs on the go, freezedried foods made from raw ingredients are a convenient way to healthy nutrition. Northwest Naturals Freeze Dried Diets are made from whole food ingredients such as beef, chicken, salmon, lamb, and also contain fresh veggies, fruits and herbs. nw-naturals.net

Warmer weather means more outdoor activity, and an increased risk of injury. Being able to respond quickly if your dog or cat needs immediate help can save his life.

Walks 'N' Wags’ online Pet First Aid course includes hands-on practice, multiple choice quizzes, and free email and phone support from a tutor. walksnwags.com

Soothing skin relief

Allergies, hot spots, and other skin problems are common come spring.

Vetericyn Plus skin care products can be used on dogs and cats, and include an Antimicrobial Hydrogel, a Hot Spot Antimicrobial Gel, an Antimicrobial Hot Spot Spray, and more. They relieve itching and irritation, treat rashes and sores, and help prevent future flare-ups. vetericyn.com

Help keep animals out of shelters

Being unable to afford veterinary care for your dog or cat is one of the most heartbreaking situations. By providing financial support to those in need, The Pet Fund helps stop the flow of animals into shelters due to lack of access to medical care. To learn more or donate, visit thepetfund.com/to-donate.

Spring into strong immunity

Give his immune system a boost this spring with I’M-YUNITY® for Dogs. This proprietary medicinal mushroom extract helps boost immunity, reduce pain and fatigue, and improve energy levels, mobility and appetite.

It features polysaccharopeptide (PSP), which can only be isolated from the Coriolus versicolor mushroom. imyunityfordogs.com

New hemp product for improved mobility

Get him moving easier this season with Run Around, a new hempinfused, THC-free product for cats and dogs from Rascal’s Better Buddy. It features CBD, the anti-inflammatory properties of CBG, and CBN (cannabinol). Comes in two doses specifically formulated for small to large breeds. crappysfeelbetter.com

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WHAT CAN YOUR DOG OR CAT’S

skin

TELL YOU ABOUT HIS

HEALTH?

By Karen Elizabeth Baril

D gs Cats

Pay attention to the condition of your dog or cat’s skin. As his largest and hardest-working organ, it can tell you a lot about his overall health and well-being.

Your dog or cat’s skin is his largest and hardest-working organ.

It protects him from the elements, helps regulate his body temperature, and allows him to enjoy your loving touch. But his skin plays another important role — it can provide the first clues to brewing health problems. In fact, you can look at the condition of your animal’s skin — whether it’s dry or greasy, exhibits hot spots, pigment changes or other abnormalities — as an early warning system for hidden health issues.

• Itchiness is often a sign of flea bite dermatitis. In fact, a single flea bite can set off a firestorm of itching and scratching in an allergic dog or cat, resulting in inflamed skin and dandruff.

Taking steps to help prevent flea bite dermatitis in the first place is important, and can be achieved in part through proper diet — poor nutrition is a big contributor to allergies.

Natural flea-repelling products are also important for keeping these pests at bay.

DRY SKIN, ITCHINESS, DANDRUFF, FLAKING

• If your animal has already been diagnosed with flea bite dermatitis, or one of the other conditions mentioned above, it’s important to first address his discomfort, even if it means using medication for the short term. “We need to provide immediate symptom relief for the animal,” says veterinarian Dr. Katie Kangas.

• If your dog or cat’s skin is dry and itchy, with flakiness and/or dandruff, it could signal poor diet and inadequate nutrition uptake, or a serious problem such as demodectic mange, canine scabies, or ringworm. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough skin evaluation and may take scrapings or perform biopsies to rule out systemic issues.

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• “When we get him back on track and more comfortable, we can address issues with the diet,” Dr. Kangas continues. “The

vast majority of skin issues stem from the gut. A dog with leaky gut syndrome can have multiple problems with his skin. In this condition, toxins literally leak into the body, setting the stage for a reactive response and taxing the immune system.” any things can trigger leaky gut syndrome, including food toxins, medications, M steroids, and the glyphosates found in common herbicides. In today’s world, all animals are at risk of developing leaky gut syndrome, so it makes sense to minimize toxins even if the dog or cat doesn’t have any symptoms. Prevention is key, so invest in a high quality pet food, use only natural shampoos and grooming products, and switch to natural herbicide use.

• Dr. Kangas also recommends adding a few strategic supplements once your dog’s condition is stable. “Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for good health and will help improve his skin quality,” she says. “A good fish oil is the easiest way to supplement Omega-3s, but you can also use sardines packed in spring water. I recommend just half a sardine for cats per day and one whole sardine for dogs. Sardines are a great source of minerals, protein, vitamin B12, and calcium. Even better, they don’t pose much of a mercury risk. Sardines are very small, and because they feed only on plankton, they don’t absorb mercury like tuna or salmon.”

YOUR SENIOR’S

skin

Senior dogs and cats tend to show changes in their skin and hair as they age. This is most often due to poor nutrition uptake, which can be remedied with dietary changes — always work with your veterinarian to determine what’s best for your own senior animal. Adding digestive enzymes can also work wonders.

In addition, be extra diligent about watching for allergies and fleas. “Senior animals are often more attractive to fleas, so it’s important to regularly check them,” says veterinarian Dr. Nancy Scanlan. “And as an animal gets older, he is more likely to develop allergies, even if he never had a problem when younger. The digestive system does not work as well in senior dogs and cats, so they may need more help from vitamins, minerals, oils, or other supplements.”

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Skin

PIGMENT CHANGES, RED SPOTS, PATCHY HAIR LOSS

— the great health barometer

• Pigment changes often show as dark, leathery spots that are thicker than the surrounding “Skin, along with the hair coat, is a great health barometer,” says tissue.

This darkening of the skin is called Dr. Scanlan. “No other organ allows you to make an evaluation hyperpigmentation and is not a disease in itself, from a distance of feet, not inches. Changes in the coat and skin but rather a sign of a deeper problem, usually can reflect more serious changes within the body. For example, an animal suffering the effects of low thyroid hormone can show a reaction to something else. It’s often seen in a thinning or lusterless coat.” animals with allergies, hormonal problems, yeast infections, and sometimes even a canine form of lupus.

Your veterinarian will want to do some diagnostic tests to be • Clinical research shows that adding digestive enzymes will sure. Treatment will depend on the root cause. also help improve nutrition uptake and improve gut stability, thereby increasing skin health. Choose digestive enzymes designed for dogs or cats, as these species have specific needs that are different from our own. Always consult your veterinarian before adding supplements or changing your animal’s diet.

Look at his

• Don’t overlook one of the easiest fixes — keeping your animal hydrated. Fresh, filtered water is essential for healthy skin and hair. Be sure your dog or cat is drinking enough water by keeping his bowl clean and in a private location. Cats, especially, like to lap their water undisturbed.

GREASY SKIN, HOT SPOTS, PUSTULES

grooming regimen

Dry, itchy skin doesn’t always signal an underlying health problem. It can also be caused by harsh commercial grooming products. Use a gentle, natural shampoo, and if you use a blow dryer for his coat, put it at its lowest setting and hold it well away from him. Dry heat evaporates moisture from the animal’s skin.

• When the sebaceous glands produce an excessive amount of sebum, you may notice that your animal’s skin looks and feels greasy. Because greasy skin (seborrhea) is often smelly, it’s hard to miss. Most often seen on the back, face, hind end, and in skin folds, seborrhea is diagnosed through blood work, skin cultures, and sometimes hormone tests to determine the underlying cause.

A n integrative treatment approach to seborrhea may include a round of corticosteroids, the addition of Omega-3s to the diet, and bathing in anti-seborrheic shampoos or sprays.

Occasionally, if a secondary infection if found, the condition is treated with antibiotics.

• “Hot spots, also known as acute moist bacterial dermatitis, are generally caused by trauma of some kind,” says Dr. Kangas.

“A burr may have scratched the skin, or a bite or scratch from another household animal may cause them. Some hot spots are caused by flea bites. They grow extraordinarily fast, from the size of a quarter to a softball in a matter of hours, so they need immediate veterinary treatment.”

• Pustules are smaller, more localized, and less painful than a hot spot. They look like large pimples and are commonly caused by a bacterial infection.

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• Tiny red spots, usually on the belly, may be caused by an allergy, fleas or mites, or from contact with something in the environment. Even if they don’t seem to bother your dog or cat, a veterinary exam to rule out any underlying condition is recommended.

• Patchy hair loss in dogs, also known as alopecia, can be caused by a poor diet, stress, or a fungal infection like ringworm. Ringworm is highly contagious to other animals and humans so early treatment is essential. If your veterinarian identifies ringworm, you’ll have to take immediate measures to protect yourself and other animals in the household. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling your animal and separate him from any other dogs and cats in the household. Be sure to wash bedding as well. (For more about hair loss, turn to page 30.)

Think of your dog or cat’s skin as a barometer of his health.

“What is seen on the surface is always more than skin deep,” says Dr. Kangas. “As an integrative veterinarian, I use hair and skin quality as a way to understand what is going on with the overall health of the animal. Often, what begins as a visit for a dull coat or patchy hair loss ends up revealing key information about the animal’s internal health.”

BUSINESS PROFILE

This innovative company has brought an ancient immune-boosting herb called Artemisia annua into the modern pet market — and it’s working wonders.

ArtemiPet™ harnesses the power of an ancient herb to boost canine immunity.

Last year was challenging for most of us. Yet despite the pandemic, ArtemiLife™ CEO Adam J. Maust launched ArtemiPet™, the animalfocused offshoot of parent company ArtemiLife™, and it’s off to an impressive start. The first product out of the gate is ArtemiPet™ Immunity Bites — a soft bite for dogs that contains the company’s signature ingredient, Artemisia annua. This ancient herb, also known as Sweet Wormwood or Sweet Annie, has been used in holistic health for hundreds of years, but ArtemiPet™ is among the first to bring it to the North American pet market.

The new bite on the block Packed full of superfoods, including probiotics, curcumin, blueberries and reishi mushrooms, ArtemiPet™ Immunity Bites are one of the first and only products that enable dog parents

to integrate Artemisia annua into their canines’ wellness routines. “Our mission is to bring the benefits of Artemisia annua to everyday animal health products, while educating consumers on the benefits of the plant,” says Maust. “With the help of agricultural experts and our animal health partners, we have ensured that the highest quality Artemisia annua and other ingredients are used to support your dog’s health.”

Every bag of ArtemiPet™ Immunity Bites contains 100 grain-free, poultry-flavored soft bites. They’re available in all 50 states and can be purchased individually or on a subscription basis — an ideal option for dogs that can’t get enough!

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They may have set the bar high in their first year, but the team at ArtemiPet™ is just getting started. “We have a strong network of health professionals and scientists around the world to support and expand the education of Artemisia annua,” says Maust. “Ongoing research is being conducted on the power of this amazing plant, and the more we learn, the more confident we become that it’s an ingredient that can help pets — and their humans — thrive.”

Ready to integrate the benefits of Artemisia annua into your dog’s daily routine? Visit artemipet.com.

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NUTRITION FACTS

HOW TO SAFELY FEED YOUR DOG A

PLANT-BASED DIET

By Emily Watson

From health benefits to environmental sustainability, there are a lot of perks to plantbased diets. But can our dogs thrive without eating meat or other animal products?

“Can my dog be vegan?” Though many experts are hesitant to admit it, the answer to this increasingly common question is yes. But hold the phone…it’s not quite that simple.

Sure, in theory many dogs can thrive on a vegan diet. The trouble is, meeting your pup’s nutritional requirements on plants alone is a lot easier said than done. In fact, the reason many people fail to keep their dogs healthy sans meat is because they don’t adequately replace meat-based protein sources with plantbased ones, which leads to major dietary deficiencies. In other words, you can’t just toss Rover a salad and expect him to prosper — you have to determine exactly what his needs are and be prepared to go out of your way to meet them.

THE PERKS OF PLANT-BASED If you’re feeling less optimistic about switching your dog to a vegan diet — good.

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Animal Wellness

diets — and their dogs’ — to be more plant-based. In short, fewer animal products consumed equals fewer animals killed and exploited.

It’s not something to be taken lightly. That said, once you figure out how to do it right, and wrap your head around incorporating some animal-based ingredients (see sidebar on page 74), there are numerous benefits to reducing your pup’s meat consumption.

Let’s take a look at “the big three”: 1. A SMALLER ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT From greenhouse gas emissions to water usage, the meat industry takes a heavy toll on our planet. By switching your dog to a plant-based diet, you’ll contribute to conserving resources and reducing pollution.

2. LESS ANIMAL CRUELTY The ethical benefits of consuming less meat are obvious, and are the number one reason people modify their own

3. HEALTH PERKS There’s no shortage of evidence that plant-based diets offer countless health benefits to humans. If you’re looking to lose weight, improve your heart health, or lower your risk of diabetes, eating fewer animal products might be the way to go. While dogs have different nutritional requirements than we do, some recent studies support the idea that dogs, too, can thrive on a vegetarian diet. For instance, a 2016 comprehensive study published in the Animals journal by veterinarian Dr. Andrew Knight demonstrates that feeding dogs vegetarian diets long-term has been associated with improved coat condition, allergy control, weight control, increased overall health and vitality, arthritis regression, diabetes regression, cataract resolution, and decreased incidence of cancer.

MAKING THE TRANSITION So, you’ve decided to reduce your dog’s meat consumption.

Now what?

The first step is to replace those protein sources with some healthy plant-based alternatives. If you’re opting to feed him a store-bought vegan or vegetarian diet, most of the work will be done for you. Formulated plant-based diets for dogs are becoming more and more popular and most are balanced with all the nutrients your pup needs. Since this option takes the guesswork out of transitioning to plantbased, it’s not a bad way to go.

If you’re opting to home-prepare your pup’s meals, get ready to put in a lot more legwork. Before you do anything, book an appointment with your vet to get his or her support, and ask any questions you may have about your dog’s nutritional needs. Chances are your vet will send you home with some supplements, since certain nutrients such as amino acids and calcium are much more available in animal proteins than in plants.

Once you’ve consulted with an expert, it’s time to figure out what ingredients will make up your dog’s plant-based diet.

Your goal is to make sure that he’s getting the right amount of protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals which, for some dogs, might mean incorporating some animal ingredients (see sidebar on page 74).

SELECTING PLANT-BASED PROTEINS Though protein requirements vary depending on a dog’s age, lifestyle and other factors, the Association of American Feed Control Officials suggests that adult dog food should contain a minimum of 18% crude protein. Beans and legumes such as lentils, chickpeas, peas and edamame are among the most protein-packed plant-based options, followed by certain grains like quinoa, oats and kamut. Algae also contains adequate amounts of protein, as do vegetables such as broccoli, kale and mushrooms.

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If you’re planning to transition your dog to a plant-based diet, the importance of semi-annual blood tests can’t be overstated. Regular blood panels will determine if your dog needs more or less of certain nutrients immediately after you switch him to a plant-based diet, and will help you monitor these needs as time goes on.

CAN A PLANT-BASED DIET INCLUDE SOME ANIMAL PRODUCTS? Absolutely! Unlike a vegan diet which contains no animal products (meat, poultry, fish, dairy or eggs), a plant-based diet only consists mostly of ingredients from plants. When it comes to your dog, this is probably the healthier option, and certainly the easiest.

To reduce your pup’s meat consumption without going full vegan, invest in a high quality vegan food (or make it at home), and top his meals with eggs or fish. You can even pick up some organ meats from your local butcher — chances are these would be thrown out anyway, so your ethical and environmental impact will be minimal.

You might not be able to call him a vegan, but by compromising in this way your pup will still reap all the benefits of veganism to some extent.

And more importantly, he’ll be more likely to have all his nutritional needs met.

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AVOID EMPTY CARBS AND FILLERS This applies no matter what you feed your pup, but it’s especially important if you’re switching him to a plant-based diet.

Consuming fewer animal products means your dog needs all the nutrients he can get from the other ingredients, so if his meals are packed with empty carbs and fillers with little to no nutritional value (like corn, white rice and wheat) his health is sure to suffer.

SUPPLEMENT WISELY AND GET HIS LEVELS CHECKED! As with humans who refrain from eating meat, dogs fed plant-based diets often require supplementation to get the nutrients they require. As mentioned, your vet will likely recommend a few when you chat with him or her about your pup’s dietary needs.

Be prepared to pay for these on an ongoing basis, and for the time it will take to add them to your pup’s daily meals.

A balanced, plant-based diet comprised of whole foods is a much healthier choice for your dog than some of the meat-based commercial diets out there.

The key is to do your research, work with a vet or canine nutritionist, and become an expert on your companion’s individual needs. Do it right, or don’t do it — it’s that simple!

…dogs fed plant-based diets often require supplementation to get the nutrients they require.

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Animal Wellness Magazine Animal Wellness

75

AT THE VET

THE ANNUAL VETERINARY EXAM

— what it should include

By Shawn Messonnier, DVM

Your dog or cat should see the veterinarian at least once a year for a check-up. Let’s take a look at what an annual veterinary exam entails.

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D gs Cats

Regular check-ups are as important to our dogs and cats as they are to us. An annual veterinary exam establishes baseline testing when the animal is healthy, and allows for the early diagnosis of hidden diseases. While tests may vary depending on the veterinarian, this article outlines what our hospital includes in an annual veterinary exam.

1

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HISTORY

Doctors glean so much information about your dog or cat from simply talking with you and observing the animal. The physical examination involves checking not only the visible parts of your dog or cat, but also the internal parts by listening to the heart and lungs and feeling his abdomen and lymph nodes.

It’s important not to overlook just how important both the discussion and physical exam are, so I encourage my clients to bring any and all questions to me during their annual visit. Also, it’s important to take note of any comments from the vet, since even “minor” issues discovered during the exam can develop into “major” problems if not addressed as soon as discovered.

For example, heart murmurs detected during the physical exam should be addressed by additional testing to determine if the murmur is a sign of heart disease (common but not lifethreatening) or heart failure (which is fatal if ignored). Likewise, small lumps and bumps might represent cancer; early diagnosis and treatment may save your animal’s life and should not be ignored.

2

VACCINE TITER TESTING

Titer testing, which typically costs under $100 in most cases, replaces annual vaccines for most infectious diseases in dogs and cats. We know that vaccines, given early in life, can induce immunity for many years. We don’t know the status of each individual’s immune system after vaccination, so titer testing is done to give us an accurate picture of his immunity to common diseases.

Vaccines are given only if titer testing indicates a need, and if the animal is healthy enough to receive a booster immunization.

Titer testing personalizes vaccine recommendations for your dog or cat and reduces unnecessary vaccination, which can cause harm to both the animal and your pocketbook.

While titer testing is “routine” for holistic veterinarians, conventional vets may not understand it and might prefer to encourage vaccination (which is excessive most of the time). Some conventional doctors do titer testing if asked for, but may charge $300 to $400 (due to outside lab costs). Try to find a doctor who regularly does titer testing, to allow for an accurate interpretation of your dog or cat’s immunization needs, and lower costs.

3

LABORATORY TESTING

While a physical examination and history are important in uncovering potential health problems during the annual exam, lab testing is often ignored.

However, running various lab tests is essential to giving us a look inside the body, diagnosing disease (despite the appearance of “health”), and establishing a baseline that is helpful for comparison whenever true illness occurs. Doing regular lab tests helps us uncover issues that evade a physical examination.

In my functional medicine practice, I run a variety of blood and urine tests that are specific to each patient. In general, I do a full blood profile (including thyroid testing when appropriate to age, breed, and condition), a full urinalysis, and a blood profile checking for inflammatory markers (TK, CRP) and vitamin D. In most of my “healthy” patients, one or more of these tests reveal abnormalities.

These abnormalities can usually be quickly addressed, with health restored to the animal, thereby often avoiding further progression to serious and even life-threatening diseases. While blood testing does add to the expense of the visit, it is a critical part of your dog or cat’s annual check-up. Insurance may cover this testing; even if it’s not covered, it’s still less expensive to do this testing during the annual exam rather than wait for severe illness to occur, at which time costs climb a lot!

BIANNUAL CHECK-UPS ARE EVEN BETTER While an annual veterinary exam is a must, most dogs and cats, especially those four to five years of age and older, actually benefit from a biannual (twice-yearly) visit. This is because these animals age much more quickly than we do. In my practice, it’s not unusual to see a “healthy” dog or cat — yet find significant pathology during another visit six months later. So if you want to maximize your animal’s health, which includes allowing for early diagnosis and treatment before a condition progresses to the point of no return, a biannual visit is a great idea (and one that’s covered by several insurance companies).

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BY CATCHING PROBLEMS EARLY, TREATMENT CAN BEGIN ASAP

Prescribing flea and tick preventive chemicals for every patient makes no sense.

Sometimes you’ll notice problems and bring them to your veterinarian’s attention; other times, the doctor will find issues during the physical examination or lab tests. This is another important part of your dog or cat’s annual check-up — it’s always best to identify and deal with any problems early, while they are treatable and often curable.

To this end, I want to quickly mention three problems that both vets and animal parents often ignore when first discovered, or else wait too long to treat.

• The first is periodontal disease, which is very common in dogs and cats.

Any time tartar accumulates on the teeth, or the gums are inflamed, it’s time to treat the problem with a simple periodontal scaling.

• The second is tumors. Lumps and bumps are best treated, typically via surgery, when first diagnosed. This is especially true if cancer is suspected, based upon appearance, history of the growth, and the animal’s breed; or proven, based upon aspiration cytology (which should be done for any lump large enough to allow a small needle to penetrate it and obtain a sampling of tissue).

• Finally, I want to mention heart disease. When a heart murmur is heard during the exam, it signifies the potential for a serious heart problem, and further testing is needed. Heart disease is easily addressed with natural medicines, whereas heart failure (even in “healthy”-looking pets) typically requires a combination of natural and conventional medications.

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4

PARASITE PREVENTION

A conventional doctor typically

prescribes heartworm preventive medication and chemicals for flea/tick control. I’m okay with the heartworm preventive since I don’t have a proven natural alternative; and since the medication in oral heartworm preventives only stays in the animal’s body for 48 to 72 hours, there is no risk of accumulating toxins that could cause problems for him.

However, I’m not okay with every dog or cat routinely taking flea and tick chemicals. In my practice, they’re not needed for most of my patients, who stay free of these pests thanks to lifestyle choices and to my prescriptions for diet and wellness supplements. Prescribing flea and tick preventive chemicals for every patient makes no sense, wastes precious financial resources on unnecessary medications, and exposes animals to needless chemicals that might act inappropriately and cause

harm. Natural (or chemical when necessary) flea and tick control products can be used safely on an asneeded basis until the problems are adequately addressed.

Unlike heartworms, intestinal worms rarely cause ongoing issues in adult dogs and cats, although they are very common in puppies and kittens.

Maximizing health through proper diet and supplements, as well as avoiding unnecessary vaccinations, goes a long way to preventing these worms. Regular de-wormings for puppies and kittens, using safe medications, kill GI parasites that can harm your young animal and infect human household members.

It’s important that your animal companion gets checked over by your veterinarian at least once a year (or even twice a year — see sidebar on 77).

An annual veterinary exam should be an integral part of your dog or cat’ health care regime, and will help keep him with you for many years to come.

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81

FUN FACTS

What does your dog’s

wagging tail ail

By Brian Marshall

really mean?

A wagging tail doesn’t always indicate that your dog is happy.

Learn how to read your canine companion’s “tail language”.

We usually assume that when a dog wags his tail, it means he’s happy. And much of the time, that’s true. But a wagging tail can indicate several other emotions as well. “It can be a sign of curiosity, anxiety, or excitement, and in some scenarios, even aggression,” says dog trainer Katie Cook. Understanding your dog’s “tail language” gives you a better insight into his emotional state at any given moment.

Tails differ depending on breed

Most tails hang near the heels when the dog is relaxed. Some breeds, like whippets and greyhounds, have curled tails positioned under their tummies.

Pugs and Boston terriers have tightly-coiled tails that barely wag at all. Meanwhile, a beagle’s tail is more vertical in the relaxed state.

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Animal Wellness

Why do dogs wag their tails?

Tail wagging is an effective form of communication for dogs. They also communicate through body language, of course, but tails are generally very flexible and visible, and canine vision is adapted more to detecting movement than colors or details. So dogs have evolved to express and interpret different tail wags.

What is his tail telling you?

• A slow wag could mean the dog is feeling insecure.

• A tail held higher than normal could mean that something has caught your dog’s attention.

• A tail held lower and between the legs could indicate fear or anxiety.

• A tail wagging enthusiastically from side to side is generally a friendly greeting.

“In certain cases, when a dog is wagging his tail in a super flat or straight position, it could be a warning,” Katie adds. “I call it a flag tail — a flat, level, backand-forth kind of wag. It means the dog is uncomfortable. A lot of happy dogs will wave their tails like a helicopter, all

around, all over the place. However, a stiff tail wag could be concerning. If two dogs are approaching one another, and their tails are super stiff, it could mean ‘I’m uncomfortable, I’m challenging you.’

“It just depends on what they’re doing in the moment,” Katie continues. “Every dog is different and every dog has his signals. We also have to be able to interpret tail wagging with other body language signs, whether it’s ear posture, shoulder stiffness, or raised hair.”

Left or right tailed?

There’s even evidence that the direction a dog favors when wagging his tail may be a mood indicator. A dog wagging his tail more to the right side of his body tends to be more relaxed, while a dog wagging his tail to the left may be stressed or anxious.

Bottom line “The most important thing people need to know is that a wagging tail doesn’t always mean a happy dog,” says Katie. Learning your dog’s “tail language” will help you understand what he’s really feeling.