RETHINKING SENSE OF PRIVACY IN PUBLIC SPACE Ground up Design in Brunswick

RETHINKING SENSE OF PRIVACY IN PUBLIC SPACE Ground up Design in Brunswick

type

PORTFOLIO private

topic

priva te x publice public name

xiaoxuan lin

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s3572701

content introduction abstract the chapters to follow

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street as an urban space the characteristics of the street the role of Sydney Road in Brunswick

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sense of privacy in public space exploration through experiments benefits and risks

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creating privacy in public space: a guide to pop-up living room study of the social experiment scenario guide

key tools instruction of pop-up living room reference

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Introduction ... for some urban critics the street is a plaace of community life, for others it is a place of decadence- of consumption and consumerism, for yet others it is a battleground- a dangerous and mean place for the underprivileged and the “other“...

-Vikas Mehta

It is not new for urban designers to interest on topics like creating sense of community, feeling of safety and security, civic participation, feeling at home in public space etc.. From Jacinta Francis’s study on the role of public space, Svetlana Stanarevic’s approach to how to make a public space closer to young people, to Inge Daniels’s discussion about the space, atmosphere and intimacy in contemporary Japan, landscape architects and urban designers committed to find the way to create the feeling that is closer to people internally in public space and even in buildings. Since the industrial economy was developed, the alienation feeling between people become more and more common. Therefore, finding a way to create sense of community and home becomes more and more crucial.

The book is about creating privacy in public space. Through the experience of wandering around in Brunswick, I was inspired by some structures made by retailers to decorate the

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exterior by the side of the street. A canopy could make a narrow space “larger” because it surrounds the area within 2 meters and blocks the environment so that you don’t see the danger. A set of construction frame makes the street safer because it narrows the space so that people pay more attention to the space that they were walking by.

Learning from the construction frame, my first public social experiment in Brunswick was held on a long narrow unnamed street on Sydney Road. My purpose is to create a sense that makes people feel at home in that street. To explore the idea, I wanna ask a question not only to myself but also to other landscapers architects and urban designers: how to create a sense of privacy in public space.

Through studying the elements from the site, I found out that the ratio of closed space of unit area has positive correlation to the level of privacy. From there, we could speculate the combination of different type of spaces is almost endless.

Therefore, if we provide the material that could construct a unit, there are hundreds of thousands of possibilities for people to create whatever type of space they want, from the most private space to the most open space.

The Chapters to Follow Chapter 1 introduces the street as urban space is ubiquitous.

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From discussion of the role of streets to understand the role of Sydney Road in Brunswick. To establish a further understanding of the street, I briefly conclude the two characteristics of the street. The street does not only characterised as a physical place but also has a further impact on local culture and social life. In the next section, I was rethinking the role of Sydney Road in Brunswick and its impact on the district.

Chapter 2 briefly discusses privacy in public space, uses example (experiment and precedent) to discuss further what it is.

I have some surprising moment as I was walking along Sydney Road. That is the private feeling that people make inadvertently is amazing. From chapter 1 discussion, we’ve known the characteristics of the street. Due to the scale of the street, it seems easier for people to feel privacy on the street. However, as I changed the experiment site from a long narrow street to an open car park area, I found out that street is not the only type of urban space that could create privacy. I held pop-up living room action for three times on different date, different weather, different places in Brunswick. By engaging with local resident and researching, I conclude the benefits and risks of holding this type of action, which designed to create private feelings in public space.

Chapter 3 analyses and concludes the findings from previous experiments, synthesize the findings of the research and site

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experiments along with other relevant articles and develop a comprehensive set of design, planning and management guidelines to create and sustain privacy in public space. Provides a series of the scenario that could be used to reference by designers, developers and event planners.

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1

Street as an Urban Space “...more than any other element of the urban infrastructure, streets both record and determine the history of city form...”

-Anne Vernez Moudon

Streets play a major role in structuring the form of settlements, especially urban settlements. A considerable portion of land in cities- one-third to a half- is devoted to streets that serve as the prime infrastructure for movement, access and connectivity, and in carrying and delivering utilities and services. Streets connect buildings, leave space for sunlight between them, bring light and air into buildings. But most importantly, streets of all types, in cities new and old, are the most immediate and ubiquitous public spaces that support myriad cultural, economic, “more than any other element of the urban infrastructure, streets both record and determine the history of city form”(Moudon, 1987). Over half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas. That means a large number of people who encounter streets.

The Characteristics of the Street When I read through the history of Brunswick, I found out that there are lots of actions and activities that were held

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on the street. In the past, politicians walked on the street to lobbying their idea. In present, people walk on the street to celebrate festivals.

Figure 1.1 Sydney Road Street Party (resource: Rebecca Russo)

1 Sociability Scholars of urbanism Vikas Mehta articulates streets are sociable. He identified three aspects of the sociable street: i) social aspects; ii) behavioural aspects; iii) physical aspect.

(Mehta, 2013)

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Of its many functions, sociability is a primary role of public space(Mehta, 2013). Scholars of urbanism articulate the need for public space in political, social, and cultural contexts- as an important arena for the growth of the individual and society.

Berman discusses that the dichotomy of private and public is like the duality of life man leads (1986). Making a case for public space and associating sociability with political action, Berman suggests that to resolve the differences and inner contradictions between the private and the public self, and to lead more integrated lives true to democratic societies, people not only need radical change in the political and social systems but a place to come together freely to do it on their own�(Berman, 1986,476).

Figure 1.2 Park(ing) Day (resource: unknown)

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2 The Human scale Knowing about homo sapiens and the kind of creature he is, has been a very important key to understanding why some places work and some places don’t. Much of it is bound to our senses, how long you can see, and how long you can hear, how your eye is horizontal, you see very little upwards, you see much more downwards, and you see much, much more out your eyes of sight. That is leftover from the evolutionary process when the walking animal was walking on the plains, the enemies were out there and in front of you, but they were not up there, but you should look out for snakes and scorpions and boulder.

Figure 1.3 A fruit retail on Sydney Road (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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The eye can’t command an area than about 100 meters, that is the distance that you can see other people and movements, but if it gets bigger, the eye can’t see what’s going on, then you feel less comfortable. Therefore, biologically speaking, street, narrow street and small scale square could actually make people feel safer and relax.

The role of Sydney Road in Brunswick Since 1841 till today, Sydney Road records the history of Brunswick city form. The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s brings businesses to flourish on Sydney Road. In the 1920s, clothing and textile industries grew; evidence of their presence in the area can still be seen in the existence of tailors shops, fabric shops and an abundance of wedding gown shops. During the 1930s, workers gather on Sydney Road to protest. The second world war brings European immigration to flourish until today, which makes Brunswick a multicultural city. Not only the past but also the future, Sydney Road is planned to be a major activity centre in Brunswick, even in Moreland, and a key component in any strategies of urban intensification.

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Figure 1.4 Street view of block between Brunswick Road and Barkly St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.5 Street view of block between Barkly St and Weston St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.6 Street view of block between Weston St and Edward St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.7 Street view of block between Edward St and Merri St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.8 Street view of block between Merri St and Glenlyon Rd, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 1.9 Street view of block between Glenlyon Rd and Albert St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.10 Street view of block between Albert St and Victoria St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.11 Street view of block between Victoria St and Blyth St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.12 Street view of block between Blyth St and Stewart St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.13 Street view of block between Stewart St and Albion St, viewing from West to East (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 1.14 Appropriation in Brunswick (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.15 retail on Sydney Rd (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 1.16 Public furniture on Sydney Rd (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 1.17 historical context of Brunswick (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 1.18 context in Brunswick (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

K MAPPINGsite

ANSTEY FLOURENCE ST POP-UP

A1 Bakery

Djour Jeans

BRUNSWICK BUSINESS INCUBATOR Mediteranean Wholesalers

BRUNSWICK

Cafe Ray

SAXON STREET

MECHANIC INSTITUTE

TOEN HALL

ting site

RMIT BRUNSWICK

dying block

m stop

d zone

ustriral zone

mercial zone

testing site

nsport zone

studying block

nswick Activity Precinct

tram stop

ld trip route

road zone

JEWELL Barkly Sqaure

industriral zone

hubs

commercial zone

itage zone

transport zone

m line

Brunswick Activity Precinct

in line

field trip route

d center

key hubs

perty boundry

heritage zone

dmark

tram line

ondhand shop

train line

in walk zone

road center property boundry

min walk zone

landmark 1 : 5000

200

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secondhand shop (1cm = 50m)

5-min walk zone

400

500

20-min walk zone

BRUNSWICK 0

50

100

1 : 5000 200

300

(1cm = 50m) 400

500

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infrastructure

Figure 1.19 site analysis of Brunswick Design District (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

primary road network

secondary road network

transport

program

status

under

ment

development status

deveploping plan

zone

key hubs

develop

land mark

industial zone

park

commercial zone

parking

residential zone

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Sense of Privacy in Public Space “... private and public; the duality of life man leads…”

-Marshall Berman

Oxford dictionary describes “private” as an adjective with two strands of meanings: belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group of people only; (of a person) having no official or public role or position. It describes “public” as an adjective with two strands of meanings: of or concerning the people as a whole; done, perceived, or existing in open view.

Public space as a major part of the urban realm is not dichotomous by either private or public. It is defined by both private and public. I briefly conclude several levels to describe the privacy of public space: i) private; ii) private(more) - public; iii) private(half) - public; iv) private(less) - public; v) public.

Exploration through Experiments From the experience of wandering around Brunswick, par-

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ticularly on Sydney Road, I was inspired by the private feeling that people make inadvertently. A canopy could make a narrow space “larger” because it surrounds the area within 2 meters and blocks the environment so that you don’t see the danger; a set of construction frame makes the street safer because it narrows the space so that people pay more attention to the space that they were walking by; etc.. From chapter 1 discussion, we’ve known the characteristics of the street; sociability and the innate condition as a human being to feel

Figure 2.1 Semi-open space on Sydney Road- a fruit retail (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin) Figure 2.2 Semi-open space on Sydney Road- construction structure (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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safer in this typology. Due to the scale of the street, it seems easier for people to feel privacy on the street. This finding was proved by my later experiments. However, as I changed the experiment site from a long narrow street to an open car park area, I found out that street is not the only type of urban space that could create privacy by analysis it. Therefore, I find it feasible to apply previous characteristics of streets to other topologies.

Figure 2.3 Semi-open space on Sydney Road- a cofe shop (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin) Figure 2.4 Semi-open space on Sydney Road- a grocery store (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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1st experiment (location1)

Figure 2.5 Experiment of creating sense of privacy on streetlocation 1 (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2.6 the spacial relashipship between the design and the street (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 2.7 detail potrait (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2.8 detail of texture (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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2nd experiment (location2)

Figure 2.9 Experiment of creating sense of privacy next to a car park- location 2 (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2.10 users at the site (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 2. 11 enclosed spacial characteristic (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2. 12 user at the site (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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3rd experiment (location2)

Figure 2.13 The third experiment at location2 (resource: Alice Lewis)

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Figure 2.14 users potrait- knitting (resource: Alice Lewis)

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Figure 2.

Experiment of creating sense of privacy next to a car park (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2.15 users potrait- knitting (resource: Alice Lewis)

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Figure 2.16 users potraitreading (resource: Alice Lewis)

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Figure 2.

Experiment of creating sense of privacy next to a car park (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2.17 users potraitreading (resource: Alice Lewis)

Figure 2.16 users potraitreading (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 2.18 users potraitdrinking tea (resource: Alice Lewis)

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Figure 2.

Experiment of creating sense of privacy next to a car park (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 2.18 users potraittalking (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Benefits and Risks Under the rapid development of environmental changes, demographic shifts, global wealth disparities, and economic growth-oriented models that are both wasteful and polluting, which living stress has a positive condition with, it is crucial to find a solution for healing people from inside to outside by improving sense of community, sense of home, sense of privacy etc..Public space with its primary role of sociability should also provide a place, not only a physical space, but also a safety one, which people could feel it, support activities that meet people’s need and provide services to do that.

Besides things above, we need to consider the feasibility of recycling in this project as one part of the design developed from the beginning, which also helps to develop sense of community. Yet, every coin has two sides. Creating sense of privacy, a pop-up living room, in public space is a challenge.

1Globe Influence Scholars of Economics, urban planning, landscape design, fashion design, psychology shows evidence of the feasibility of recycling, pop-up public space activities, second-hand economy and swapping things.

Researcher Karen Hansen and Jennifer Zotte interest in secondhand economies. They argue that secondhand goods are

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potential source of recreation. In a long-term, secondhand exchange of goods creates value both economically and socially.

They also argue that it is highly related to local cultural notions, which we discussed in previous paragraphs. They noted: In social terms, the recasting of secondhand objects is often rooted in local cultural notions that may help redefine the relationship between waste and value in new contexts.

Learning from precedents in Britain and America, the influence is huge. I briefly conclude benefits into several points: i) facilitates global commerce; ii) promotes both historical and contemporary works; iii) explores the ways in which cultural and societal perceptions, including anti-Semitism; Anthropologists are also interested in exchange and the fun that people feel by transfer and return. They write: The range of possible relations between what people give and what they receive is extremely wide. Which people should exchange? What goods should they exchange? What should be the balance of income and outgo? What should be the period for making the return? These issues are the subject of elaborated etiquettes, legal regulation and moral rules in every human population, without any exceptions, and are a triumph of social organisation. It takes enormous social effort

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Figure 2. 19 Benefits and risks diagram of pop-up living room (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 2. 20 history of recycle in Brunswick and the potential future (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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to maintain these practices. It is a central preoccupation and people use exchanges as metaphors for other activities: exchange acquires a semantic and emotional resonance which sets the terms by which other activities are classified and assessed.

The idea of sharing and swapping is a social and networking challenge. Every transfer and return is base on trust. Therefore, there is a risk that someone breaks the balance of trust so that the system doesn’t work again.

Local influence Locally in Victoria, Australia, benefits of Pop-up living room are more in details. Hon Rob Lucas, Treasurer of SA, has announced that a 50% reduction on the levy will be provided to charity organisations on unwanted waste they receive as part of the donation system.

Speaking to the impacts of a temporary urban pop-up park, Researchers Deborah Salvo, Jorge Banda and their peers found out that urban, temporary parks may have potential to become important contributors in the revitalization of downtown central business districts ( a higher odds of spending time downtown, with 58% of park users reporting they would not be in the central business district if the park were not there).

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Creating Privacy in Public Space: A Guide to Pop-Up Living Room “...come together freely to do it on their own...“ --Marshall Berman

In this book, I have discussed specific characteristics of the streets that provide a sense of privacy, safety for users from anthropology perspective and support users to fulfil themselves in this urban area in political, cultural, physical ways and argued for the significance of Sydney Road to Brunswick.

In this concluding chapter, I will first briefly discuss the ratio of privacy of public space, which I simply mentioned in the previous chapter and I will discuss more about this in this chapter. By examining the two testing site in Brunswick I will elaborate on how the ratio of privacy could be abstracted in a mathematical way. Next, I focus on scenarios that we estimate from the previous analysis of the geometric characteristics of testing sites and explain the reason why we implement a modular design in this project. Next, I will focus on guidelines for designers to implement, I use the findings from experiments at the site, which shows population trend in days, and shifting target audience. In this experiment, I reference the observation strategy developed by Vikas Mehta

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who wrote the book the Street: A quintessential Social Public Space usually inspired me through this project.

Study of the Social Experiment In the previous chapter, I discussed what ratio of privacy means and briefly conclude it into five levels. To understand the core meaning of the ratio, I collect all types of objects including furniture I used, buildings surrounded and the space we use and abstract them into a unit of a hexagon with the most 7 surfaces and the least o surface. After abstracting into those form, I found out that all these object and space could be classified into 4: i) hexagon with 4 surfaces; ii) hexagon with 5 surfaces; iii) hexagon with 6 surfaces; iv) hexagon with 7 surfaces(with one surface more attached).

To describe it in an easier way mathematically, we could have four different ratios of privacy in every unit of space. i) 66% of privacy; ii) 83% of privacy; iii)100% of privacy(totally private); iv) 117% of privacy(private even more).

Therefore, we could see: if we abstract public space as a hexagon geometry, the more surfaces it leaves, the more private space is, the higher the utilization rate of land is.

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Figure 3.1 process of design thinking (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Scenario Since the ratio of privacy only relevant to the numbers of surfaces it leaves on the space, we could imitate there are at least two different types of space for each level of privacy.

From each possibility, we could imitate that there is more type of space with different functions. To sum up, I started with a limited collective reference, then abstract those objects into geometry, from geometry we could calculate and classify into specific numbers, which would develop into specific geometry again. However, the combination of geometry is unlimited, therefore, the functions and type of spacial places are unlimited, the possibilities of design ideas are unlimited. Therefore, we want to implement a modular design in this project. From the one hand, we keep the possibility of design, from the other, we encourage users to create in their way, which in longterm would help people to develop a sense of community on this site in Brunswick. To achieve that, I invented a set of kit to provide these services.

Guide From the previous section, we’ve known that the possibility of design is unlimited. As a designer, I don’t want to ruin it, however, I do could provide some examples of how to create a sense of privacy in public space. Here, I will provide three examples in different period of time(during weekdays) with

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different target audience according to my finding of experiments.

9 am During this period of time, the target audience is housewife, elder and preschool children. Since there are more kids at a very young age, users might keen to make a transparent wall to avoid children going to the busy main road. Furniture like secondhand sofa might be used by housewife carrying infants, they might have a pleasurable talk for a while with each other while their children were playing in a safety area.

3 pm During this period of time, more students walk by this area.

Our kits of tool might attract them to play around with some friends. Spaces in pipe shape might be a good structure to play with. They could have a lot of fun with this big logo game square.

8 pm The target audience in this period of time is a university student and office workers who enjoy Brunswick nightlife. Retailers could use this space to hold an open-air party for activities.

Contemporary bar and cinema might be a good way to go in summer.

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Figure 3.2 scenario (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

Figure 3.3 Plan in different time (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 3.4 section view- design scenario at 9 am (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 3.5 section view- design scenario at 3 pm (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Figure 3.6 section view- design scenario at 8 pm (resource: Xiaoxuan Lin)

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Key tool In this chapter, I will show details of tools that I used in experiments that I mentioned in previous chapters.

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