Leonardo Munoz
P ortfoliO Architecture
Architecture is a learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms assembled in the light.
Le Corbusier.
Content
Projects
Page
04-39 La Casa Grande .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40-51 Multifamily Housing Complex.. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 52-63 Research and Educational Center .. .. .. .. .. .. 64-75 Form, Space & Connection (Thesis Project) .. .. ..
01
Form, Space & Connection
This project is meant to change the way education is perceived by local citizens of the San Diego area. Schools are one of the main sources for the success of young students and for that reason schools should not keep being the long-established architecture with students enclosed in four walls with no views to the exterior, and deprived from natural lighting. Today’s education is killing the students learning outcomes due to the prison like design that deprives students to improve their learning outcomes. Also, due to the lack of natural lighting inside their classrooms which is essential for the students and it is considered as one of the main sources that positively benefits students to succeed in their education. (The Science of Effective Learning Spaces, 2018).
Studio Arch-502 Instructor: Dan Manlongat Project: Individual
4 | Architecture
Architecture | 5
The starting point of the project before the master plan and the form development process, consisted in doing analysis of existing buildings (case studies) to explore the thought behind those designs. Four different case studies helped to define the design and the final form of this project. Exploring different architecture styles and different techniques used to develop ideas into physical structures, the functionality of each case study, and their uniqueness is what made the studies even more interesting.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Built in 1943- and opened in 1959 New York, United States Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Figure 1.0 (2021, The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation)
6 | Architecture
The exterior of the Guggenheim Museum is a stacked white cylinder of reinforced concrete swirling towards the sky. The museums’ dramatic curves of the exterior, however, had an even more stunning effect in the interior. Inside Wright proposed “one great space on a continuos floor,” and his concept was a success (Kourlas, 2009).
Museum of Fire in Zory Construction from 2010-2015 Zory, Poland Architect: OVO Grab- czewscy Architekci The building consists of three structures as ym me trically attached to each other. The base of the pavillion is made or reinforced concrete structure, and the facade is sheathed copper finned plates bright shining in the sun (Zakrzewski, 2015). Figure 2.0 (2015, Museum of Fire in Żory / OVO Grabczewscy Architekci)
Architecture | 7
Taj Mahal Built in 1653 Agra, India Architect: Shan Jahan
Figure 3.0 (2016, The American Council for Southern Asian Art)
8 | Architecture
The most recognizable aspect of the complex is the tomb; standing on a square plinth, the structure consists of a symmetrical building with an arch-shaped doorway, or iwan, topped with a large dome and fi nial. These basic elements are Persian in origin. The most distinguishable feature of the structure is the marble dome, with a height arou nd 35 meters, that sits atop a cylindrical drum roughly 7 meters high (Koch, 2005).
Honeycomb Completed Nassau, Poland Architect: OVO Grab- Architekci On the ground level, high-end retail is expected to activate a public plaza, whose subtle topography will be informed by the Honey-comb’s geometric facade. Raised hexagons will be transformed into green mounds and integrated seating, while various fountains, located between pathways of hex-agonal pavers, supply a network of creeks which feed a shallow pond at the plaza’s center (Rosenfield, 2016).
Figure 4.0 (2016, Bjarke Ingels Group)
Architecture | 9
The form development comes right after the creation of four physical models and trying to understand the different aspects of each model. The main intent was to develop different forms and then photograph them to capture more complexity by using the casting shadows of each model and then sketch them to use those sketches as a base to develop either the master plan or the form of the building.
Balance:
Symmetry:
This model represents balance within its shape. Its fragile thin lines show balance which allows other parts of the model to appear as if they were suspended in the air.
This model represents symmetry, the model was developed using a robust wood structure and paper strings to keep it in balance.
10 | Architecture
Envelope:
Flexibility:
This model represents an envelope or skin of any given shape or object such as a building. The contrasting colors (black and white) gives a sense of elegance and its linear shapes create interesting interior spaces.
This model represents flexibility by showing how paper strings can change form and adjust to the desire position, as a result, that allows for complex geometries within the shape.
Architecture | 11
The lack of natural lighting inside classrooms is the main focus of this project and in exploring the pontential solutions to this issue that existing schools of all different grades have experienced throughout history. For those reasons, further analysis has been executed in order to find the best possible solutions that can be applied in architecture to confront this problem that has significantly affected many students in the world.
12 | Architecture
Prior to finding a possible solution to the problem, multiple digital model investigation was concluded to be able to undersatand more about the pros and cons of the main issue. Each model represents a problem word related to education; The goal is to compare the final outcome of the project to the initial problem word models to examine if the project has successfully fulfilled the expectations.
Prison-like design
Connectivity to the exterior of any space is essential to any human being to be able to find comfort. Views to the outside are powerful and used to make each individual feel motivated and to perform with enthusiasm.
Monotonous
More than just an main entry, schools need to be more exciting to look at and more open to the public. Gathering spaces, and other recreational activites are among the ones that can make a notable change.
Disconnected
Connectivity to the exterior of a classroom is essential to any human being to be able to find comfort. Views to the outside are more than just view but are also used to make each individual feel motivated while focusig in education.
Lack of lighting
Historically, schools have been designed as prisons to be able to control the behavior and the environment in which students typically spend most of their time in.
Architecture | 13
During the reasearch process, there were three different sites selected and used as a starting point for the project. A matrix was created using some of the same problem words previously used in the models and examined to expand the understanding of the existing conditions of the site that was about to be selected as the main focus for the remaining of the project. Although the election was crucia to make, Gompers Preparatory Academy was the one that got selected due to the proximity of its location which is in San Diego and because site location makes research more comprehensive.
Rio Mesa High School (Oxnard CA).
Rio Mes High School
14 | Architecture
Estancia High School (Costa Mesa CA).
Lack of Security Prison-Like Secluded Monotonous Community/Lower Income Disconnected
Google maps
N
Gompers Preparatory Academy (San Diego CA).
N
Google maps
Google maps
Gompers Preparatory Academy
N
Estancia High School
Restaurants
Cemetery
N
Restaurants
Middle School
Architecture | 15
Swap & Connect
Football Field
Main Campus
W K
Site - 162, 000 SF.
6 W
Hilltop Dr.
The idea behind swapping the football field with the main campus, is to create a sense of connectivity between all different sides of the site selected. The site is disconnected from the communities that surround it because the school has a monotonous look and a design that has deprived residents of the area to get engaged and to interact with other communities of the same neighborhood. For those reasons, it is important to think about what is best for the site in regards to the communities as well as for the students that currently go to that school. Besides maximum natural lighting inside classrooms, Swap and Connect is another goal yet to be tested.
16 | Architecture
Site Development
Communities
W K 6 W
Communities
(N) Football Field Location
(E) Park
Communities
Hilltop Dr. Communities
Communities
Gymnasium
Administration
Cafeteria
Library
Offices
Classrooms
N
The first step was to create a bubble diagram by color coding each outlined shape with a proposed program that led to the development of the new proposed master plan for Gompers Preparatory Academy.
Architecture | 17
Connection
W K 6 W
Interesting
Circulation
(N) Football Field Location
(E) Park
Views
Hilltop Dr.
Comm. Involved Gymnasium
Administration
Cafeteria
Library
Offices
Classrooms
Reposition of the program was necessary to be able to explore the connection between each building (program) and the surrounding areas of the site. Before finalizing the master plan layout, several options were taken into consideration.
18 | Architecture
W K 6 W
(N) Football Field Location
Open Space
(E) Park
Hilltop Dr.
Gymnasium
Administration
Cafeteria
Library
Offices
Classrooms
Community Space Lastly, the merging of multiple builldings was necessary to be able to accomodate the proposed program. Classrooms strictly to the right side of the site in a two story building, Administration and offices building to the front, and the remaining of the program falls right across the classrooms building. The rest of the program includes an indoor-outdoor community space, library-cafeteria, and a gym.
Architecture | 19
Balance Original Sketch
Site Information Total Lot Square Footage = 270,000 SF. 60% Buildable Area
= 162,000 SF.
30% Open Space
= 80,000 SF.
Proposed Building
= +- 63,000 SF.
The square footage of the final proposed building is calculated by combining the four outlined shapes initially created in the previous diagrams. The purpose is to unify students and communities of the Chollas View area in San Diego and to change the way communities of all different parts of San Diego percieve schools and educarion. Going back to the physical models and their casting shadows, the decision was to work with the sketch shown circled above. The next step was to do an overlay of the same sketch until the most interesting form as a response to natural lighting was sucessfully accomplished.
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Form Development Original Massing
Substract
Angle Development
Preliminary Form
Subtract #2
Shading and Views
Form Adjustments
N
New Views and Light Comfort
Angle Rotation Architecture | 21
Master Plan
Legend Gymnasium Cafeteria Library Community Space Offices Administration Proposed Main Classroom Building Bike Path Running track Parking Bike Parking Area Student drop-off Area
22 | Architecture
(N) Football Field Location
N
Architecture | 23
Structure-Framing
Retaining Wall HSS Column W18X35 W36X70
Retaining Wall W8X24 W12X35 HSS Column
Cantilevered Connection
Roof Connection
HSS Column W18X35 W12X35 Footing Foundation Wall
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First to Second Level Connection
Circulation
Egress Access (Stairs) Elevator Circulation Level 1 Circulation Level 2 Terraces At Level 2
Access
Architecture | 25
Sustainable Strategies
Air flow
Solar Panels HVAC System Ducts
Operable Openings Facade System
Cold Air Hot Air
26 | Architecture
Using sustainable strategies helps to define the overall design intent, which is providing students and visitors with maximum natural lighting while maintaining the interiors of the building comfortable enough to keep students concentrated while inside the school spaces. N
Cross Ventilation
Architecture | 27
09 05 AD
A
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UP
01 A
01 Floor Above
01 06 02
01
02
04 08 UP
07
02
Laboratory
03
Co-Lab room
04
Computer Lab.
05
Library
06 07
Office Nurse
08
Security
09
Restrooms
09
03
ADA
Classroom ADA
01
01
01 01 01 01
N
Floor Plan Level 1
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09
05 01
DN
01 10 01 06 02
02
DN DN
11
01
Classroom
02
Laboratory
03
Co-Lab room
04
Computer Lab.
05
Library
06 07
Office Nurse
08
Security
09
Restrooms
10
Auditorium
11
Communal S.
12
Gallery
09
03
01
01 01 01 01 12
N
11 DN
Floor Plan Level 2
Architecture | 29
Metal Coping
New Roofing Membrane Rigid Insulation Metal Deck Roofing 1/2” Tempered Glass Opening Mullion Wood floor finish Equitone panel (black) finish over metal substructure W18X35 Beam Insulated Panels Interior gypsum board finish Perforated metal 4” Double-skin perforated sheet facade, 4’X panels attached to metal substructure Section 1
30 | Architecture
T.O. Parapet 32’-0”
T.O. Roof 30’-0” Ceiling Height 26’-0”
Second Floor F.F. 14’-0” Ceiling Height 10’-0”
Ground Level 0’-0”
Architecture | 31
3D Visualization
32 | Architecture
One of the major goals of the design was to introduce new more interior spaces that can be used by the students. In this views, multiple seating areas with views to the exterior have been designed to allow the students to go to these open interior and exterior spaces to practice their readings or to study thier desired topics while in school. The purpose is to unifiy more students within these new spaces.
The new design allows more natural lighting inside every classroom of this building. Besides natural lighting, the glass walls are intended to bring more views from the exterior spaces to the interiors such as gardens, communal, and open spaces. As previously mentioned, natural lighting increases the performance of the students because light is an important natural source that provides comfort in humans.
Architecture | 33
3D Visualization
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Architecture | 35
3D Visualization
N
36 | Architecture
Architecture | 37
38 | Architecture
“Light creates ambience and feel of a place, as well as the expression of a structure.” Le Corbusier.
Architecture | 39
02
La Casa Grande
House designed for a Multi Generation Family with a given program which consists of six bedrooms, five bathrooms, a common area, entertainment center, and open spaces for the family to enjoy. The idea is to create spaces that will be suitable for every member of the family and to maximaze the use of the all them while creating armony among the members of the family.
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Architecture | 41
During the project development, a site analysis was done by creating an axonometric volume and applying the infromation gahtered to be able to understand what was allowed to be done in the given site. A study of the municipal code was required to find out more about existing regulations such as setbacks, property lines, maximum height allowance, and other important factors that helped with the development of the final design of the project.
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Kondo house is a place in which is “notable a double social and functional layering of the ground floor spacing that reads, from right to left, open dining and kitchen, enclosed reception cubicle, interior court and light well facing the public entrance and separating it from the grandfather bedroom at the other end of the ground floor, and from left to right: entries and reception, eating and living, and service area (Amiel, 2016).”
The Kondo House Tokio, Japan Architect: Makiko Tsukada Architects. The main requirement of the assignment was to pick a precedent and study the details in regards to circulation, natural lighting, communal spaces, as well as private ans semi-private spaces. In this case, The Kondo House was the selected case study to develop more knowledge about how some of the spaces in that project are used by its occupants.
Architecture | 43
Using the precedent study from Kondo House, the design of La Casa Grande is a successful project that provides its users with several spaces that will never make home boring again.
9' - 0"
14' - 0"
4' - 11"
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0' - 3"
6' - 4"
14' - 10"
9' - 9"
4
Guest Room
UP
Deck Grandma's Room
2-
5' - 0"
7' - 1 1/2"
D
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Bathroom
Storage Room
---
C Dining Room
Kitchen
12' - 5"
10' - 0"
Parking Space - 2 Cars Living Room
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A
DW
Deck
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125' - 0" 110' - 0"
N Floor plan level 1 (Not to Scale).
44 | Architecture
8' - 8"
12' - 9"
3
---
50' - 0"
2' - 0"3' - 4"
12' - 10"
E
1-
2
2' - 7"
1
The second level is in which most of the private spaces occur. Five bedrooms and open areas designed to create connectivity among the family members, from the smallest to the oldest member. 1
2
3
1-
4
--32' - 6"
34' - 10"
10' - 8"
22' - 0"
5' - 2"
6' - 3"
2' - 0"
E
4' - 10"
D College Kid Room
Bathroom
Teen Kid Room
15' - 0"
W D
DN
Canopy AF.
Baby's Room
Older Kid
228' - 9"
---
C
20' - 0"
Common Space
Master Bedroom
UP
Entertainment Area
B A
Office
7' - 0"
Library
2' - 0"
Master Closet
10' - 0"
23' - 5"
13' - 10"
15' - 11"
46' - 10"
110' - 0"
N Floor plan level 2 (Not to Scale).
Architecture | 45
The third floor consists of a lounge entertainment space perfectly suitable for the summer time, to gather with the family or just to enjoy of a nice evening with friends. 1
2
3
1-
4
---
Roof Outline (Below).
E D Rooftop Lounge and entertainment
2-
Open to below
---
C
DN
Not Accessible
B A
N Floor plan level 3 (Not to Scale).
46 | Architecture
Kitchenette (Grill, BBQ).
2Section 1 Scale 1/8”=1’-0”
---
Max. Height 34' - 0"
Third Floor 24' - 0"
Second Floor 11' - 0"
First Floor 0' - 0"
First Floor. -1' - 0"
Architecture | 47
1---
The nuclear family: Couple in their 50’s with three children; two of them are college students in their 20’s. The third child, midteens. The oldest (late 20’s) is in her last year of grad school and has a two year-old of her own. She is co-parenting the child with her partner who will be living in the property as well. The wife’s mother will live here. She is in her 80’s and has mobility challenges. She requires some supervision but can be independent for the most part. The husband’s family visits frequently (some space most be reserved for guest).
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Glass / Skylight open
The wife/husband are both successful working professionals, they have flexibility in their work and have the option to work at home if they choose. The two eldest /college students lead an independent life. The family is very social in their community and love to host dinner parties (and entertainment and formal dining space will be important.
Section 2 Scale 1/8”= 1’-0”
48 | Architecture
Mud Room
Max. Height 34' - 0"
Terrace / Lounge Area
Third Floor 24' - 0"
n to below
Hallway
Second Floor 11' - 0"
Kitchen
Deck
First Floor 0' - 0" First Floor. -1' - 0"
Architecture | 49
3-D Visualization
50 | Architecture
“No house should ever be on a hill or on anything. It should be of the hill. Belonging to it. Hill and house should live together each the happier for the other.” Frank Lloyd Wright
Architecture | 51
03
Multifamily Housing Complex
The purpose of this project was to design and develop a seven unit complex building that will house different demographics while maintaining their privacy. The design intent is to produce a sense of connectivity among the residents that live there by developing a circulation system as well as a communal space that will allow them to interact in the daily basis. Connectivity among other social groups is one of the major factors that produce trust and tranquility in the places in which people live. Therefore, this seven unit complex has been designed to help its residents to accomplish that.
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Architecture | 53
The first step was to find a interesting design and to do a case study to be able to find more options for the design. In this ocassion, MXD830-Golden Hill was the project that got selected and explored to subtract some of the best solutions that were used in that project and applied to the design intent of the seven unit complex. Mxd830 is a mixed-use, infill project conceived and designed to support the diverse artist community of San Diego’s Golden Hill, while helping revitalize the main commercial corridor of 25th Street. The award-winning building is alive inside with color and warmth, contrasting the stark white minimal exterior shell.
54 | Architecture
The design development for this seven unit complx consited of creating a physical model (planar model) to explore the spaces and the adjacencies in between each wall. Colors and other textures were used to define the different spaces as well as the communal spaces in the model. Some of the major challenges were to provide each space with at least two different views to the exterior, another complication was to work with the limited square footage given and to provide enough habitable space for every person.
Architecture | 55
The first floor plan has been designed to accommodate a family of four. The idea is to use minimal architecture so that it is easy to identify and to navigate by its users. The unit can easily be accessed from the ground level. Additionally, was designed for two middle aged professionals, their eight year old, and a seventy year old granfather.
Outdoor space / Common Areas Family of four Musician Unit(s) Artist Unit(s) Architecture students Unit(s)
PL
5' - 0"
5' - 0"
20' - 0"
UP
CAR 4
10' - 0"
TRASH
CAR 5
5' - 0"
E
10' - 0"
CAR 2
CAR 6
CAR 7
D D W
CAR 1
W
LAUNDRY ROOM
A
56 | Architecture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PL
Floor plan level 1 (Not to Scale).
ALLEY
CAR 3
PARKING
SETBACK 5'
UP UP
UNIT 1 FAMILY OF 4 EL: 0' - 0"
GARDEN / PATIO
D
20' - 0"
W
B
C
COMMON AREA EL: 0' - 0"
RF
STREET
DW
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18' - 0"
N
The second floor consists of two units. The first one is the blue one which belongs to an artist but rents out another unit right above him for his personal use. The yellow unit is dedicated to the musician. The same thing happens with the musician as with the artist. He rents out another unit in the third level for his personal use. In this case ,he only uses the one in the second level to perform his music and maybe have guests.
Outdoor space / Common Areas Family of four Musician Unit(s) Artist Unit(s)
D
DN
DN
E
Architecture students Unit(s)
DW
RECORDING STUDIO UNIT 1
COMMON DECK EL: 11' - 0"
DN
DN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
ARTIST GALLERY UNIT 1
UP
C
COMMON DECK EL: 13' - 0"
REF.DW
N Floor plan level 2 (Not to Scale).
Architecture | 57
The architecture students reside in the third level of the seven unit complex. These units have been designed to suit the architecture students needs in regard to monetary issues. As architecture students, studying and working in studio is essential, therefore the design layout provides them with studio space and dormitories.
Outdoor space / Common Areas Family of four Musician Unit(s) Artist Unit(s)
DN DN
50' - 0"
C
REF.DW
MUSICIAN
D
ARCH STUDENTS
DWREF.
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Architecture students Unit(s)
ARCH STUDENTS
Floor plan level 3 (Not to Scale).
58 | Architecture
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7
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OPEN TO BELOW
ARTIST'S STUDIO
DN
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1 Roof 40' - 0"
ARCH. STUDENTS UNIT 1
Roof. 35' - 0"
COMMON AREA
ARCH. STUDENTS UNIT 2
Third Floor. 25' - 0" Third Floor 23' - 0" ARTIST'S GALLERY UNIT 1
COMMON AREA
RECORDING STUDIO
Second Floor. 13' - 0" Second Floor 11' - 0"
FAMILY OF 4
PARKING (7 CARS)
First Floor 0' - 0"
Section 1 (Not to Scale).
Architecture | 59
The levels of tranparency in this double facade system in the project were designed accordingly based on the use of each space. For residential areas, such as all the units, the transparency becomes darker to allow for privacy while still providing the residents with an exterior view and natural lighting as well as natural ventilation. The lighter transparemcy is for spaces such as communal spaces and gathering spaces inside the units which allows for more interaction and connectivity to the exteriors.
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North Elevation
Envelope Facade System
60 | Architecture
West Elevation
Roof
South Elevation
Lower Roof
East Elevation
Architecture | 61
3-D Visualization
62 | Architecture
“Every great architect is - necessarily - a great poet. He must be a great original interpreter of his time, his day, his age.” Frank Lloyd Wright
Architecture | 63
04
Research and Educational Center
ARCHITECTURAL IDEA: The architectural idea behind the R-REC is to provide multiple communities with the opportunity to enjoy of a more natural habitat in a modern building while educating themselves within the same space. The purpose of this space is to bring diversity into one place in which people can engage and interact to learn more about the solutions available out there to decrease the damage that global warming is doing to our planet. Although sea level rise is one of the main issues in coastal areas of the world, there are several other issues that can be taught and discussed in these premises. The program consists of classrooms which are available to the public as well as a lecture hall in which subjects regarding global warming are discussed and heard by major leaders of the city. Part of the major changes to the site is the expansion of the marsh. In this scenario, the marsh acts as an example of how nature can serve as a powerful tool to decrease the levels of global warming in our planet. Finally, to create awareness about several other global issues that affect now and that will affect our future generations to come.
Studio 403 Instructor: Amin Espandiari Project: Individual (Winter Q.), Team of two (Spring Q.).
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Architecture | 65
Site Evaluation The site evaluation has been done by analyzing the existing conditions in Mission Bay. Sea level rise analysis as well site visits of the site were required to fully understand the design objectives. The evaluation of wind speed, humidity and luminance helped with the form development of the final building design. 5-FT
7-FT
Existing Conditions
10-FT
66 | Architecture
View-1
View-2
Wind Speed Wind speed, or wind flow velocity, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in temperature.
Relative Humidity The amount of water vapor present in the air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature.
View-3
Direct Normal Luminance Luminance produced on the earth by the visible part of the direct solar radiation on a surface perpendicular to the sun’s rays.
Architecture | 67
Form Analysis Option-1
Option-2
Option-3
6AM
Digital Model Analysis 9AM
12PM
Solar-Thermal analysis during the winter solstice by proposing shape variation to obtain the most successful shape that will provide maximum natural lighting and ventilation to reduce the use of artificial equipment such as HVAC systems and lighting fixtures during the hottest days of the year.
3PM
6PM
68 | Architecture
N
Final massing form was studied and changes were made upon reviews. Subtraction of two segments to finalize the form that will be studied. Pushing down one segment allows for maximum natural lighting. Repositioning of the two segments to define more open spaces.
Site Rotating one segment at sixty degrees allows for more complexity. N
Bending of the two segments symmetrically. Mission Bay- San Diego Splitting of the original geometry for further analysis. 25k SF. Original form.
Architecture | 69
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UP
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Circulation diagram
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SS WA
G
GEN. LAB STORA STORAGE R GE
R COMPUTE
OPY MICROSC
ROOM
OSIVE CORR
OM E RO AGE RAG STOR
FLAMABLE LIQUID STORA R OPEN TO BELOW
SIEVE SHAKER FLUORENCE R.
DN N ENT LAB INSTRUM
GEN. LAB STORA STORAGE R GE
ACCESS
ELEVATOR R
COMMON AREA
OPEN TO
N DN N COFFEE BAR R
Floor plan level 2 (Not to Scale).
Architecture | 71
Materials Board
RECEPTION WALL RECYCLED 3D WALL PANEL USED NO THE MAIN ENTRY RECEPTION WALL
COMMON AREA FLOORING CARARRA BIANCO HONED FLOOR MARBLE TILE
FEATURE PIECE OF RECEPTION DESK PORTO BLACK SLATE WALL PANEL
CAFE WALL RECYCLED 3D WALL PANEL USED IN THE CAFES
COUNTRTOP THROUGHOUT WOOD THROUGHOUT OAK WOOD USED ON THE BAR AND RECEPTION DESK IN THE BUILDING
CARARRA MARBLE COUNTERTOPS USED THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING
WALLPAPER FROND WALLPAPER USED IN THE SECOND FLOOR LANDING LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF THE BUILDING
72 | Architecture
RECYCLED RUBBER ROOFING (WHITE) REDUCES HEAT GAIN
RECYCLED TRAVERTINE PANELS USED THROUHOUT THE BUILDING
ULTRA VOLTAIC SOLAR PANEL CARARRA MARBLE FLOORING HVAC UNIT VAV SYSTEM
STRUCTURE-TUBE 2” X 2” SKIN SYSTEM ATTACHMENT TO WALL
HEAT MIRROR TECHNOLOGY GLASS SKYLIGHT HEAT MIRROR TECHNOLOGY INSULATING GLASS SYSTEM
PRECAST CONCRETE FACADE FIN SKIN SYSTEM.
Axonometric exploded model
Architecture | 73
3-D Visualization
74 | Architecture
“Light creates ambience and feel of a place, as well as the expression of a structure.” Le Corbusier
Architecture | 75