Contextualised Informations Jan.15-Mar.15

Contextualised Informations Understanding Fake Informations Online

(0.2) Jan.15–Mar.15

About This publication aims to make visible a part of the fake and unverified informations circulating online.

Its goal is to help internaute users to understand rumors’ spreading mechanisms and the fantasmatic ideas those fake informations peddle and people believe in.

This publication stands as an outsider in regard to the other rumors-specialised websites, which already exist on the Web, because it takes in consideration 3 points of view that are not usually compared.

It does not only focus on the falseness of the rumors and the role played by the medias vehiculating those fake informations, but it also pays attention to the impact on people by the way people spread it on Twitter. And finally, it puts this phenomenom into perspective through a theorical approach: sociological, anthropological and journalistic texts, especially selected to shed light on the subject.

What is the goal?

The goal of this publication is to contextualise this phenomenon and to look at it in a broader way.

Theorical texts propose to give it back its historical background.

All the informations set together in this book clearly show that the frontier between what we call “conventional information” and “unconventional information” is nowadays really porous. With the Internet, the way we share informations has been totally overwhelmed.

Online journalism goes always faster and misunderstanding is quite common fact. Moreover, some websites based on “clickbait” plays with internet user’s emotions to make him share false informations.

Even if some rumors look like not doing harm and being funny to share ore sometimes disturbing, it appears that they are always based on common fears and beliefs, allowing this simple way stereotypes and narrow minds to get more and more anchored in our collective unconscious.

This book isn’t about blaming net users, but more about raising awareness.

Why a book?

This publication has been meant as an archivebook. As informations on the Web always change, and as online news titles are verified sometimes after being published and shared tausend times, it wouldn’t have been enough just to proceed realtime. Indeed, this book isn’t like an online plateforme which proposes links to fake informations always updated.

This publication proposes some more; it archives all of those informations and makes it possible to conserve it for years. Thus, Contextualised Informations proposes to take time to observe rumors online and have a critical look at this.

Moreover, this publication is made to be widely distributed. This can be read online, in a PDF or as a printed book.

How to read it?

This book consists in the alternation of two kind of texts: news feeds and theorical analysis.

News feeds are organized in four news parts, which present the principal rumors from the 3 last months, in a chronological way. These are: Political Field, Economics and Technology, Miscellaneous and People. For each rumor, a

series of informations (written as this) is given: a short description of the spreading process, the origin of the rumor, the climax date, the first apparition in news online, people’s reactions (the most influent tweets in reaction) and finally the total number of shares on Twitter.

In addition to this, this book contents a selection of 20 theorical texts written by specialists of rumors’ issues. Those texts are placed at the end of each news feeds part and are introduced by some simple and “practical” questions they propose to answer. They bring the analysis further and makes the reader aware of the impact of viral informations. Thereby, this book can be read in two ways. This book can be read in a conventional sense, from the beginning to the end. But it can also be read more as an encyclopedia. Indeed, a serie of index in the end of the book makes it possible to find a specific rumor and to get more technical informations rapidely.

A boundless book?

Because viral rumors on the Internet may come and go as soon as they appear and also often have similarities, rumors contained in this book are always updated. This book contains 3 months of rumors. Every month, a new version of the book

is created. The last rumors recorded take the place of the more ancient. Newest rumors come and oldest are taken away, as tendencies comes and goes. This book stands as an illustration in perpetual movement. It means this book exists in many different versions, as much as rumors will exist on the Internet.

You are reading the 0.2 version, with rumors registered from January 2015 to March 2015.

Summary Index of Rumors → 8 Index of the Most Shared Rumors → 11 Index of Rumors by Origin → 14 Index of Rumors-Thematics → 19 Index of Theorical Texts→ 21 — Political Field → 23 Theorical Analysis → 139 Economics & Technology → 163 Theorical Analysis → 250 Miscellaneous → 268 Theorical Analysis → 375 People → 390 Theorical Analysis → 436

INDEX OF RUMORS Political Field Some ISIS fighters have contracted Ebola → 24 Boston marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was severely beaten in prison → 32 Saudi TV blurred out Michelle Obama's uncovered face during a visit to the country → 41 Jordan's King Abdullah II will participate in air strikes against ISIS → 48 An ISIS treasurer stole money from the organization and fled → 58 American hostage Kayla Mueller was killed in a coalition bombing campaign against ISIS → 66 Charles Manson's fiance wanted to marry him to obtain custody of his corpse → 71 The final Marines to leave the U.S. embassy in Yemen handed their weapons over to Houthi rebels → 77 ISIS is harvesting and selling human organs to help fund its operations → 91

Rap artist Macklemore joined ISIS → 422 Israel caused flooding in Gaza by opening river dams → 102 The Iraqi army shot down two British planes that were delivering weapons to ISIS → 111 'Jihadi John' is a Londoner named Mohammed Emwazi → 123 ISIS gave a Kurdish woman a meal and told her she'd eaten her own son → 132 Economics & Technology A Chinese mother attempted to sell her son to pay for his twin sister's lifesaving medical treatment → 164 The iPhone 6s will have a dual-lens camera → 168 Apple Watch battery will only last 2.5 to 4 hours of active use → 177 IBM will cut more than 110,000 jobs this week → 185 The Apple Store will have customdesigned safes to store the gold Apple Watch → 196 Apple removed from Apple Watch a

sensor that would monitor bloodpressure → 205 Apple removed from Apple Watch a skin-conductivity sensor that would give a more accurate heart rate → 215 KFC restaurants in Colorado will start selling marijuana → 225 Apple will reveal a refreshed Apple TV at the March 9th Spring Forward Event → 236 Miscellaneous A crowd chopped off a man's penis after he was caught trying to rape a woman → 269 Lovesick woman stays in KFC for one week → 277 YouTube star Josh Paler Lin gave a homeless man $100 and filmed how he spent it without the man's knowledge → 391 FBI agents arrested partygoers in a raid on a 'pig brothel' in Missouri → 285 A woman cut off her husband's penis twice → 289 A man caught stealing women's underwear was forced to wear it and walk around in public

→ 296 A 600-pound Australian woman gave birth to 40-pound baby → 304 A fourth-grade student from Texas was suspended after threatening another student with magic → 308 A 17-year-old poured acid her boyfriend's genitals after their sex tape went viral → 315 A woman aborted a fetus after discovering it was male → 324 An Indian bride married a guest at her wedding after her fiance had a seizure and collapsed → 332 A Catholic priest who was declared clinically dead says he met God and she's a woman → 342 The woman behind the hugely popular DC Toys Collector (Disney Collector) YouTube channel is a former porn star → 350 A Russian man met a woman for a drink in a sauna and woke up to find his testicles stolen → 355 400 men were castrated on the orders of an Indian spiritual guru → 359 Doctors confirmed the first case of

death by genetically modified food → 367 People A DNA test proved that Bruno Mars is Michael Jackson's son → 400 Artist Banksy drew a cartoon about the Charlie Hebdo murders → 406 Kanye West has been banned from future awards shows → 417 Tiger Woods is serving a suspension from the PGA Tour after failing a drug test → 429

INDEX OF THE MOST SHARED RUMORS 403356 A 600-pound Australian woman gave birth to 40-pound baby → 304 381573 Artist Banksy drew a cartoon about the Charlie Hebdo murders → 406 358913 Lovesick woman stays in KFC for one week → 277 344218 A woman cut off her husband's penis twice → 289 259887 Jordan's King Abdullah II will participate in air strikes against ISIS → 48 223543 Boston marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was severely beaten in prison → 32 217587 Charles Manson's fiance wanted to marry him to obtain custody of his corpse → 71 212516 A fourth-grade student from Texas was suspended after threatening another student with magic → 308

210920 A Catholic priest who was declared clinically dead says he met God and she's a woman → 342 186201 YouTube star Josh Paler Lin gave a homeless man $100 and filmed how he spent it without the man's knowledge → 391 174435 Kanye West has been banned from future awards shows → 417 111472 A crowd chopped off a man's penis after he was caught trying to rape a woman → 269 91196 Jihadi John' is a Londoner named Mohammed Emwazi → 123 73480 The Iraqi army shot down two British planes that were delivering weapons to ISIS → 111 59584 Some ISIS fighters have contracted Ebola → 24 55214 FBI agents arrested partygoers in a raid on a 'pig brothel' in Missouri → 285

55101 A DNA test proved that Bruno Mars is Michael Jackson's son → 400 52147 Israel caused flooding in Gaza by opening river dams → 102

killed in a coalition bombing campaign against ISIS → 66 19335 The final Marines to leave the U.S. embassy in Yemen handed their weapons over to Houthi rebels → 77

49757 An ISIS treasurer stole money from the organization and fled → 58

13767 A 17-year-old poured acid her boyfriend's genitals after their sex tape went viral → 315

46769 A Russian man met a woman for a drink in a sauna and woke up to find his testicles stolen → 355

13154 Saudi TV blurred out Michelle Obama's uncovered face during a visit to the country → 41

34311 A woman aborted a fetus after discovering it was male → 324

10091 Apple Watch battery will only last 2.5 to 4 hours of active use → 177

30732 ISIS is harvesting and selling human organs to help fund its operations → 91

9726 A Chinese mother attempted to sell her son to pay for his twin sister's lifesaving medical treatment → 164

30489 IBM will cut more than 110,000 jobs this week → 185 30379 An Indian bride married a guest at her wedding after her fiance had a seizure and collapsed → 332 20834 American hostage Kayla Mueller was

8937 Apple removed from Apple Watch a sensor that would monitor bloodpressure → 205 7865 Apple removed from Apple Watch a skin-conductivity sensor that would give a more accurate heart rate → 215

6033 The iPhone 6s will have a dual-lens camera → 168 5751 The woman behind the hugely popular DC Toys Collector (Disney Collector) YouTube channel is a former porn star → 350 3819 The Apple Store will have customdesigned safes to store the gold Apple Watch → 196 1200 A man caught stealing women's underwear was forced to wear it and walk around in public → 296 558 Rap artist Macklemore joined ISIS → 422

INDEX OF RUMORS

BY ORIGIN 9to5 http://www. 9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/apple-targets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/ → 177 http://www. 9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/apple-stores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/ → 196 Adobo Chronicles http://www. adobochronicles.com/2015/02/09/kanye-west-barred-from-all-futureawards-shows/ → 417 Al-monitor http://www. al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/12/islamic-state-financing-fundinghuman-trafficking-extortion.html# → 91 Almasryalyoum http://www. almasryalyoum.com/news/details/648097 → 58 Alsabaah http://www. alsabaah.iq/ArticleShow.aspx?ID=83690 → 24 Annaharkw http://www. annaharkw.com/annahar/Article.aspx?id=525170 → 48 Archiviostorico http://www. arstechnica.com/apple/2015/03/what-to-expect-when-we-springforward-with-apple-on-march-9/ → 236 Breitbart http://www. breitbart.com/video/2015/02/11/report-marines-ordered-by-state-deptto-surrender-weapons-in-us-embassy-evac-in-yemen/ → 77

Daily Camera http://www. dailycamera.com/boulder-business/ci_27408339/workersorganization-ibm-cutting-jobs-boulder-acrossu?source=rss&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter → 185 Daily Mail http://www. dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2803459/Comfort-eating-Chinesewoman-26-spends-entire-WEEK-KFC-dumped-boyfriend.html → 277 http://www. dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2958242/Brazilian-former-porn-starDiane-DeJesus-mystery-figure-5million-year-YouTube-sensation-DC-ToysCollector.html → 350 Empire News http://www. empirenews.net/accused-boston-marathon-bomber-severely-injuredin-prison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/ → 32 http://www. empirenews.net/dna-results-confirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mars/ → 400 Fars News http://www. english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13931204001534 → 111 Hindustan Times http://www. hindustantimes.com/haryana/dera-sacha-sauda-head-got-followerscastrated-to-protect-sadhvis-from-sexual-exploitation-petitioner/ article1-1300920.aspx → 359 Injustice Stories http://www. injusticestories.com/i-aborted-my-baby-because-it-was-a-boy/ → 324 Life News http://www. lifenews.ru/news/150348 → 355 Maan News http://www. maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=759549

→ 102 Mirror http://www. mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/angry-mob-hacks-allegedrapists-4413312 → 269 http://www. mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/furious-women-set-trapunderwear-4979426 → 296 http://www. mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/shocking-picture-shows-mothertrying-4927103 → 164 News HNR http://www. news.hnr.cn/dj/201412/t20141231_1774070.html → 289 NY Post http://www. nypost.com/2015/02/08/charles-mansons-fiancee-wanted-to-marryhim-for-his-corpse-source/ → 71 Oaoa http://www. oaoa.com/news/education/ article_6b47c224-a8d2-11e4-8989-1f5b0d13dadd.html → 308 The Game 730am http://www. thegame730am.com/pga-golfer-dan-olsen-says-tiger-woods-isarmstrong-of-golf/ → 429 The Racket Report http://www. theracketreport.com/kfc-gets-occupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/ → 225 The Sun http://www. thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/6351852/Sick-Islamic-State-jihadisfed-mother-her-son-says-Brit-taking-fight-to-fanatics.html → 132 The Verge

http://www. theverge.com/2015/1/13/7537011/iphone-6-camera-editorial → 168 Times Live http://www. timeslive.co.za/local/2015/02/02/girl-destroys-boyfriends-penis-inacid-attack-after-video-of-them-having-sex-goes-viral → 315 Times of India http://www. timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Bareilly/Groom-unwell-bride-wedsguest-in-fit-of-rage/articleshow/46277810.cms → 332 Washington Post http://www. washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/jihadi-john-the-islamicstate-killer-behind-the-mask-is-a-young-londoner/2015/02/25/ d6dbab16-bc43-11e4-bdfa-b8e8f594e6ee_story.html → 123 World Daily News Report http://www. worldnewsdailyreport.com/australia-600-pound-woman-gives-birthto-40-pound-baby/ → 304 http://www. worldnewsdailyreport.com/catholic-priest-who-died-for-48-minutesclaims-that-god-is-a-woman/ → 342 http://www. worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctors-confirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/ → 367 http://www. worldnewsdailyreport.com/missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-during-fbiraid/ → 285 WSJ http://www. wsj.com/articles/challenge-of-apple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615 → 205 http://www. wsj.com/articles/challenge-of-apple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615 → 215 Youtube

http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=DL7rFEYtM_M → 41

INDEX OF RUMORSTHEMATICS

Flood → 102 Food → 132

A Abdullah II → 48 Air Plane → 48 Animals → 285 Apple → 177 → 196 → 205 → 196 Army → 111 Australia → 304

G Gaza → 102 GMOs → 367 God → 342 Guru → 359

B Baby → 304 → 324 Bomb → 66 Boston Marathon → 32 Britain → 111 → 123 British → 111 Brothel → 285 C Camera → 168 Castration → 359 Charles Manson → 71 Child → 164 Chinese → 164 Corpse → 71 Crowd → 359 D Death → 367 Design → 215 Disney → 350 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev → 32 E Ebola → 24 Education → 308 Employment → 185 F FBI → 285 Fetus → 324 Fighter → 24 Film → 391 Film → 315

H Health → 164 → 367 Health Hostage → 66 Husband → 289 I IBM → 185 India → 332 India → 359 iPhone → 168 Iraq → 111 ISIS → 24 → 111 → 422 → 91 → 132 Israel → 102 J Jihad → 123 Jihadi John → 123 Jobs Cut → 185 Josh Paler Lin → 391 K Kayla Mueller → 66 KFC → 225 → 277 Kill → 66 King → 48 Kurdish → 132 L Love → 277 M Macklemore → 422 Magic → 308 Manipulation → 359 Marines → 77

Marriage → 71 → 332 Meal → 132 Medical Treatment → 164 Michelle Obama → 41 Missouri → 285 Money → 58 Mother → 164 Mothership → 304 O Organs → 91 P Penis → 269 Pig → 285 Plane → 111 Pot → 225 Priest → 342 Prison → 32 R Rap → 422 Rape → 269 Religion → 342 Restaurant → 277 → 225 River → 102 Robbery → 58 → 355 Russia → 355 S Saudi Arabia → 41 School → 308 Son → 132 Sport → 429 Star → 391 Strike → 48 T Technology → 168 → 177 → 196 Tennis → 429 Texas → 308 Tiger Woods → 429 Tomato → 367 Treasure → 58 TV → 41

U Underwear → 296 Unemployment → 185 V Viral → 315 W War → 24 → 77 → 422 → 132 Weapon → 77 → 111 Woman → 289 → 304 → 342 → 132 Y Yemen → 77 Youtube → 391 → 350

INDEX OF THEORICAL TEXTS A Rumor: A Manual F.B. Huyghe 2013 → 140 B Rumors: The World's Oldest Media J.N. Kapferer 1987 → 142 C The Basic Psychology of Rumor G.W. Allport & L.J. Postman 1945 → 146 D The Watercooler effect N. Di Fonzo 2008 → 150 E Some Experiments on the Reproduction of Folk-Stories F. C. Bartlett 1920 → 156 F The Crowd, A Study of the Popular Mind G. Le Bon 1896 → 158

G Political rumors J.N. Kapferer 1987 → 251 H Rumors in Marketing Practises J.N. Kapferer 1987 → 253 I Rumor, Panic and Media P.Marchand & P.O. Dupuy 2006 → 256 J Star System J.N. Kapferer 1987 → 259 K Comical Legends V. Campion-Vincent 1999 → 261 L Rumors on the Internet P. Froissard 2002 → 379 M Is Internet a rumors-accelerator?

F. Bulinge 2013 → 382

N Falseness Contagion on the Internet F.B. Huyghe 2013 → 385 O Thanks to social media, fake news draws real audiences R. Bilton 2014 → 388 P An Emerging Science of Clickbait MIT Technology Review 2015 →0 Q Rumor= Social Issue M-L. Rouquette 2006 → 437 R The Future of Journalism in a Distributed Communication Architecture J.E. Newhagen & M.R. Levy 2013 → 441 S Rumor, Mobile Phone, and Resistance in contemporary China J. Liu 2013 → 448

T What Internet brings to popular belief diffusion G. Bronner 2011 → 450

Political Field

2015-01-02

SOME ISIS FIGHTERS HAVE CONTRACTED EBOLA The report originated with Iraqi media. the newspaper al Sabaah cited an anonymous source at a Mosul hospital saying they had treated some of ISIS's African recruits for the disease. Mashable says three different outlets in the region have made the claim, and also noted that there is little evidence that ISIS recruits have some from West Africa. A WHO spokesman told Mashable that they cannot confirm the claim.

The International Business Times reported that Iraq's Ministry of Health "denied that anyone in Mosul had contracted the Ebola virus."

7 � Summary

24

Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.alsabaah.iq/ ArticleShow.aspx?ID=83690 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.alsabaah.iq/ArticleShow.aspx?ID=83690

{‫داعش{ ينقل االيبوال إلى الموصل‬ 31/12/2014 12:00 ‫صباحا‬ ‫علي موفق‬-‫ الصباح طارق االعرجي‬- ‫بغداد‬ ‫ في تصريح خصت به "الصباح" عن تفشي العديد من‬،‫كشفت معلومات صحية من داخل الموصل‬ ‫ فضال عن‬،‫ مؤكدة تسجيل اصابتين بمرض "االيبوال" الخطير‬،‫االمراض واالوبئة بين اهالي المدينة‬ ‫ اصابة بمرض نقص المناعة "االيدز" مبينة ان تلك االمراض انتقلت الى نينوى بواسطة ارهابيين‬26 ‫ في وقت تمكنت خالله القوات االمنية وابطال‬،‫ يأتي ذلك‬.‫ ال سيما االفريقية‬،‫وافدين من دول عدة‬ ‫ فضال عن السيطرة على أربع قرى‬،‫الحشد الشعبي من تطهير منطقة الحاوي جنوب مدينة تكريت‬ ‫ في حين قال القيادي في حركة المقاومة اإلسالمية‬،‫تابعة لناحية المعتصم جنوب شرق سامراء‬ ‫ إن المحطة المقبلة في سلسلة تحـرير محافظة صـالح الدين‬:‫"عصائب أهل الحـق" الشيخ حسن سالم‬ .‫ستكون قـضاء الشرقـاط‬ ‫ قتلت القوات األمنية التابعة لشرطة محافظة األنبار قناصا ً "داعشيًا" في مدينة الحوز‬،‫وفي االنبار‬ ‫ اخرين من "داعش" وقطعت طرق امدادهم غرب االنبار‬26 ‫ فضال عن‬.

The rumor has been shared 59584 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. iraq happenings @iraqhappenings 1 jan. http://wordlink.com/l/SXsm #iraq Officials Refute Iraqi Media Reports That ISIS Members Have Contracted Ebola In Mosul 0 Retweet 0 favorites Seth Trueger @MDaware 1 jan.

Gingrey is about half way to vindication.

RT @ScottGottliebMD: Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola: http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOi-

25

JfZHJqbWUwNHd3aW9tc3lrdiJ9…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Hotpage News @HotpageNews 1 jan. #Iraq media says #ISIS militants have contracted #Ebola http://hotpage.info/#88995 1 Retweet 1 favorites Scott Gottlieb, MD @ScottGottliebMD 1 jan.

Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola: http://mashable.com/2014/ 12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoid-

CIsImkiOiJfZHJqbWUwNHd3aW9tc3lrdiJ9…

13 Retweets 0 favorites EX-SKF @EXSKF 1 jan.

Weaponized Ebola? ISIS Militants Said To Contract Deadly Virus http://www.zerohedge.com/news/ 2015-01-01/weaponized-ebola-isismilitants-said-contract-deadly-virus…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Crawford Kilian @Crof 1 jan.

Officials refute Iraqi media reports that ISIS members have contracted #Ebola in Mosul http://bit.ly/1BlN4Wb 7 Retweets 1 favorites Barbie Lee @UF2 1 jan.

Ebola virus had been detected in an area controlled by ISIS, a group doesn't embrace science and modern medicine. http://www.zerohedge.com/news/ 2015-01-01/weaponized-ebola-isismilitants-said-contract-deadly-virus…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Pete Santilli @PTSantilli 1 jan.

CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul contract Ebola… http://goo.gl/qRFzDz #drudge-report 0 Retweet 0 favorites Personal SR @StacyRippy 1 jan.

Quite the conundrum: would WHO step in to assist #ISIS infected with #Ebola?

After no regard attitude for humans? http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites Akhbar | ‫@أخبار اآلن‬akhbar 1 jan. ‫آخر تطورات المنطقة العربية والعالم في حلقة جديدة من‬ ‫ستديو_اآلن‬# http://www.alaan.tv/programs/ news-and-info/studio-alaan/121492/iraqsyria-iran-isis-al-assad-jobar-raidsairstrikes-nuclear-talks-deal-ebola…

26

4 Retweets 8 favorites LiberatedCitizen @LiberatedCit 1 jan.

Weaponized Ebola? ISIS Militants Said To Contract Deadly Virus http://tinyurl.com/q9s5vfk #tcot 2 Retweets 0 favorites Beau Revlett @Screv6 1 jan. “@CarnegieEndow: The most disruptive events of 2014 could lose their potency in 2015, writes @MoisesNaim: http://ceip.org/1zopcSP ”important 0 Retweet 1 favorites DMatthewStewart @dmatthewstewart 1 jan. #Ebola #weaponized --> #ISIS just happens to contract it in Iraq http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/… CIA might have done it "for the lulz" 0 Retweet 0 favorites Simarilian @simarilian 1 jan.

ISIL militants in Mosul have contracted Ebola says Iraqi media sources. WHO Reaches out http://mashable.com/2014/ 12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/… @instapundit #hewitt 0 Retweet 0 favorites Frederik Ingleston @bysazicewig 1 jan.

Officials Refute Iraqi Media Reports That ISIS Members Have Contracted Ebola In Mosul http://ow.ly/2SM4T9 0 Retweet 1 favorites AK @Akumar223 1 jan.

When 2014's problems start killing each other. #HappyNewYear http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Maj0ga_ @Maj0ga_ 1 jan.

CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul contract Ebola… http://bit.ly/1tGQJPH 0 Retweet 0 favorites Terrorism Updates @terrorism_info 1 jan. #WeaponizedEbola? ISIS Militants Said To Contract #DeadlyVirus #Mosul #unnamedsource #Ebolavirus #terrorism http://terrorism.trendolizer.com/2015/01/ weaponized-ebola-isis-militants-said-tocontract-deadly-virus.html…

0 Retweet 1 favorites laWalker @laurieWr 1 jan.

Divine Intervention Would Be Awesome!

Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/ 12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfZHJqbWUwNHd3aW9tc3lrdiJ9… via @mashable 0 Retweet 0 favorites Janet Walker @HauteLifestyle 1 jan.

Beltway Insider: Ebola; Race; Immigration; Russia/Ukraine; ISIS; Cuba; Malaysian Air Top 2014 News http://shar.es/1H4A7N via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 favorites SGmarket_talk @SGmarket_talk 1 jan.

Forget targeted US airstrikes, ISIS faces a new existential threat. Citing an unnamed source in a Mosul hospital,… http://fb.me/6XVYNXfUf 0 Retweet 0 favorites Infobotz News @Infobotz 1 jan. #News = CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul contract Ebola… http://bit.ly/ 1AkhCtd http://InfoBotz.Com 0 Retweet 0 favorites Sentinus @DurandSentinus 1 jan.

Could it be Wrath of Allah? RT @DRUDGE_REPORT: CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul contract Ebola…

27

http://drudge.tw/1EQkUbS 0 Retweet 0 favorites Esoteric Savage™ @EsotericSavage 1 jan.

Weaponized Ebola? ISIS Militants Said To Contract Deadly Virus http://ift.tt/1xaeQWp 2 Retweets 0 favorites Renaissance Party @rpnamerica 1 jan.

And so opens up a new suicide weapon option…like it hasn't been done already. http://fb.me/1w5BCiLLB 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dumb Democrat @The_American_1 1 jan. #BreakingNews Weaponized Ebola?

ISIS Militants Said To Contract Deadly Virus: Forget targeted US airstri… http://bit.ly/1zCJ8Ot #rome 0 Retweet 0 favorites FedUpUSA.org @FedUpUSA 1 jan.

RT @zerohedge Weaponized Ebola?

ISIS Militants Said To Contract Deadly Virus http://bit.ly/1EQmI4G #economy 0 Retweet 0 favorites David Ramos @DavidCloudRamos 1 jan.

Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/ 12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfbDZtY3dveXdtdDVvM2FxdCJ9… I hope it is slow, painful and takes them down viciously…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Brad Duren @brad_duren 1 jan.

Cosmic justice…@DRUDGE_REPORT: CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul contract Ebola… http://drudge.tw/1EQkUbS " 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Janet Walker @HauteLifestyle 1 jan.

Beltway Insider: Ebola; Race; Immigration; Russia/Ukraine; ISIS; Cuba; Malaysian Air Top 2014 News http://shar.es/1H4xQU via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 favorites Tx_Laney @Babbsgirl2 1 jan.

"Ebola finally working for the good of mankind ISIS militants in Mosul contract Ebola… http://drudge.tw/1EQkUbS " @Just_a_Texan @robfit 11 Retweets 10 favorites

@mashable" 1 Retweet 0 favorites Tweeter! @oneworldtweet 1 jan.

Weaponized #Ebola? #ISIS Militants Said To Contract Deadly Virus http://tinyurl.com/q9s5vfk #Mosul #Iraq 0 Retweet 1 favorites GLOBAL NEWS @news_24_365 1 jan.

Officials Refute Iraqi Media Reports That ISIS Members Have Contracted Ebola In Mosul: http://ift.tt/1I2Fe66 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Janet Walker @HauteLifestyle 1 jan.

Beltway Insider: Ebola; Race; Immigration; Russia/Ukraine; ISIS; Cuba; Malaysian Air Top 2014 News http://shar.es/1H4wAD via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Carnegie Endowment @CarnegieEndow 1 jan.

The most disruptive events of 2014 could all lose their potency in 2015, writes @MoisesNaim: http://ceip.org/1zopcSP 5 Retweets 6 favorites

sitfu.com @sitfu 1 jan. http://sitfu.com CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul co… http://tinyurl.com/ nz35cx9 0 Retweet 0 favorites

7News Boston 7@News 1 jan.

The world saw a tumultuous 2014; clashes in Ukraine, the rise of ISIS and the global response to Ebola. #7News http://on.whdh.com/175hzqe 0 Retweet 2 favorites

Social networking @l00k4it 1 jan.

Ebola As ISIS Bio-Weapon? http://wp.me/p5kmBz-ijj 0 Retweet 0 favorites Tim Gamble @TimGamble 1 jan.

Ha! I beat ZeroHedge to the #ISIS and #Ebola story by almost half-a-day http://www.timgamble.com/2014/08/ ebola-tb-swine-flu-oh-my.html… Its why you should read my updates! :-) 0 Retweet 0 favorites EbolaUK @heidi5969 1 jan.

MT@RainaMacIntyre: Iraqi media says #ISIS militants have contracted #Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfeDhjODA0MWY0Z2NxOXN4ayJ9… via

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Kyle W. Orton @KyleWOrton 1 jan. #Iraq: Pro-government media say I.S. has contracted Ebola. Iran/Baghdad will fan these flames for all they're worth. http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/…

1 Retweet 1 favorites Debora Ramona Rieser @DRRieser 1 jan.

IRAKISCHE MEDIEN BERICHTEN #Ebola-Ausbruch bei #ISIS? http://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/isis/isismit-ebolainfiziert-39161692.bildMobile.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Clark Byrum @cbyrum123 1 jan.

Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/ 12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfemx2eWptMXc1djZqZDM3biJ9… via @mashable 0 Retweet 0 favorites Gabriel @GaboMataGuzman 1 jan.

Officials Refute Iraqi Media Reports That ISIS Members Have Contracted Ebola In Mosul http://ift.tt/1I2Fe66 0 Retweet 0 favorites Janet Walker @HauteLifestyle 1 jan.

Beltway Insider: Ebola; Race; Immigration; Russia/Ukraine; ISIS; Cuba; Malaysian Air Top 2014 News http://shar.es/1H4dtY via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 favorites ethan serone @nine11inreverse 1 jan. "in 2014—1100 people were killed by police in America—but—they want you to fear ISIS Ebola and mass murderers… http://killedbypolice.net/ 2 Retweets 1 favorites altMuslimah @AltMuslimah 1 jan.

Welcome to 2015. It has not been an easy year, from Ebola to ISIS…. http://fb.me/3Oo9yTg2a 0 Retweet 0 favorites Janice Brown @einerdrake 1 jan.

ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/… Hey loser #isis folk #Ebola = 3 GALLONS of diarrhea every day till u DIE. Enjoy!

0 Retweet 0 favorites Lausanne @LausanneHaji 1 jan. wonderful speech from our #german leader #merkel about theYear2014 #ISIS #Ebola #Pegida #refugee #Russia Frohes Neues http://www.heute.de/grueneund-linke-begruessen-

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neujahrsansprache-vonbundeskanzlerin-angela-merkel-kritikkommt-von-afd-36568608.html…

0 Retweet 1 favorites Maickel Otte @MaickelOtte 1 jan.

Reports that Islamic State militants in Mosul have contracted Ebola swirled though Iraqi media sources on Wednes.. http://on.mash.to/1ybw0o3 0 Retweet 0 favorites Brandon McKimmons @ideletemyself 1 jan.

CDC: Flu has reached epidemic levels, 15 child deaths so far http://usat.ly/1B4Tpaq via @USATODAY as we worry about ISIS & Ebola kids die 0 Retweet 0 favorites Aron Kader @aronkader 1 jan. Oakton, VA" Happy New Year to everyone around the world except ISIS, Ebola & Dick Cheney.

6 Retweets 14 favorites 2kdei 2@kdei 1 jan.

Humm. Unverified, but interesting. @GoGoglobalmedia: Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfdWFlaXVkOXYzdGpsaHc1byJ9…

Debora Ramona Rieser @DRRieser 1 jan.

IRAKISCHE MEDIEN BERICHTEN #Ebola-Ausbruch bei #ISIS? http://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/isis/isismit-ebolainfiziert-39161692.bildMobile.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Clark Byrum @cbyrum123 1 jan.

Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/

12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfemx2eWptMXc1djZqZDM3biJ9… via @mashable 0 Retweet 0 favorites Gabriel @GaboMataGuzman 1 jan.

Officials Refute Iraqi Media Reports That ISIS Members Have Contracted Ebola In Mosul http://ift.tt/1I2Fe66 0 Retweet 0 favorites Janet Walker @HauteLifestyle 1 jan.

Beltway Insider: Ebola; Race; Immigration; Russia/Ukraine; ISIS; Cuba; Malaysian Air Top 2014 News http://shar.es/1H4dtY via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 favorites ethan serone @nine11inreverse 1 jan. "in 2014—1100 people were killed by police in America—but—they want you to fear ISIS Ebola and mass murderers… http://killedbypolice.net/ 2 Retweets 1 favorites altMuslimah @AltMuslimah 1 jan.

Welcome to 2015. It has not been an easy year, from Ebola to ISIS…. http://fb.me/3Oo9yTg2a 0 Retweet 0 favorites Raina MacIntyre @RainaMacIntyre 1 jan. #EBola in Iraq among #ISIS fighters? http://www.iraqinews.com/features/ urgent-two-ebola-cases-confirmedmosul/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites ☂ RDS @RDSWEB 1 jan.

Mídia iraquiana diz militantes ISIS contraíram Ebola http://ow.ly/GFLAX http://fb.me/3YyU99Dkx 0 Retweet 0 favorites Tim Gamble @TimGamble 1 jan.

ICYMI: Iraqi media reports that ISIS mili-

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tants have contracted Ebola; + other updates: http://www.timgamble.com/2014/ 08/ebola-tb-swine-flu-oh-my.html… #ebola #ccot #tcot #news 4 Retweets 2 favorites Simarilian @simarilian 1 jan.

ISIL militants in Mosul have contracted Ebola says Iraqi media sources. WHO Reaches out http://mashable.com/2014/ 12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/… @instapundit #hewitt 0 Retweet 0 favorites Frederik Ingleston @bysazicewig 1 jan.

Officials Refute Iraqi Media Reports That ISIS Members Have Contracted Ebola In Mosul http://ow.ly/2SM4T9 0 Retweet 1 favorites AK @Akumar223 1 jan.

When 2014's problems start killing each other. #HappyNewYear http://mashable.com/2014/12/31/isisislamic-state-ebola/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Maj0ga_ @Maj0ga_ 1 jan.

CLAIM: Islamic State militants in Mosul contract Ebola… http://bit.ly/1tGQJPH 0 Retweet 0 favorites Terrorism Updates @terrorism_info 1 jan. #WeaponizedEbola? ISIS Militants Said To Contract #DeadlyVirus #Mosul #unnamedsource #Ebolavirus #terrorism http://terrorism.trendolizer.com/2015/01/ weaponized-ebola-isis-militants-said-tocontract-deadly-virus.html…

0 Retweet 1 favorites laWalker @laurieWr 1 jan.

Divine Intervention Would Be Awesome!

Iraqi media says ISIS militants have contracted Ebola http://mashable.com/2014/

12/31/isis-islamic-state-ebola/#:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfZHJqbWUwNHd3aW9tc3lrdiJ9… via @mashable

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2015-01-19

BOSTON MARATHON BOMBING SUSPECT DZHOKHAR TSARNAEV WAS SEVERELY BEATEN IN PRISON Fake news website Empire News published the claim Jan. 17, saying white supremacists were behind the attack on Tsarnaev.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://empirenews.net/ accused-boston-marathon-bomber-severely-injured-in-prison-may-never -walk-or-talk-again/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://empirenews.net/accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/

Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again Posted on January 17, 2015 by Raoul Stockton Infamous Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 21, was the victim of an “unfortunate accident” yesterday at Ft. Devens Detention Center in Massachusetts, just weeks after his high-profile trial began, according to warden Paul Jacobson.

Corrections officers reportedly found the alleged terror suspect face down in a pool of his own blood in his cell; a banana peel was found on the floor nearby.

“It initially appeared as though Tsarnaev slipped on a discarded banana peel and hit the floor with such force that his head bounced off the hard tile surface, probably 16 or 17 times. There was blood everywhere – all over the walls, the floor, even the toilet.

The injuries have caused massive brain trauma,” said prison investigator Joe Goldsmith. “We determined though, through expert analysis, that it would be impossible for these injuries to have occurred through a fall. Our investigation has shown that that it was the Aryan Brotherhood who initiated an attack on Tsarnaev.”

“Yes, it was the brotherhood who took care of that bomber,” said Miles Smith, head of the Aryan Nation inside Devens. “The other gangs, they wanted him, too. We paid the guards the most money to have a shot. They stood aside, and let us do what we do. On the way out, they shook our hands, told us ‘Thank you.’ Well, You’re welcome. You’re welcome, Boston. You’re welcome, America!”

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“Normally, an attack this violent, this cruel, on another inmate would get any offending party more time added to their sentence,” said warden Jacobson. “Because of the nature of Tsarnaev’s crimes, though, we have decided to actually reduce the sentences of the Aryan members who were involved. They have done our prison and our country a great service, and we appreciate it immensely. They are heroes in the eyes of not only this institution, but also in the eyes of the people of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.”

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and his older brother Tamerlan Tsarnaev were both suspected of perpetrating the Boston Marathon bombings on April 15, 2013. The bombings killed three people and reportedly injured as many as 264 others. Shortly after the FBI named the two suspects and released images of them, the two brothers reportedly killed an MIT police officer and carjacked an SUV in a shootout with police. During the shootout, the elder brother, Tamerlan was captured but was killed when his brother drove over him with the SUV. On the evening of April 20, 2013, the wounded Dzhokhar was found unarmed and hiding in a boat on a trailer in Watertown, Massachusetts.

On January 30, 2014, United States Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the federal government would seek the death penalty against Tsarnaev. The trial had just begun on January 5, 2015, as Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty to all thirty charges filed against him.

The rumor has been shared 223543 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 20 jan.

Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again http://empirenews.net/ accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Philipp Kireev @mynameisphilipp 19 jan.

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Царнаев поскользнулся на банановой кожуре и умер http://empirenews.net/ accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again/… Это фейк есличо.

0 Retweet 0 favorites Владимир Бетяев @Evroklidon 19 jan. Джохар Царнаев, обвиняемый в подготовке взрывов на Бостонском марафоне, был найден накануне в своей камере в… http://fb.me/78ZZecmXt

0 Retweet 0 favorites Liane Jackson @lianejackson1 19 jan.

Interesting profile on the atty defending the accused Boston Marathon bomber http://news.yahoo.com/judy-clarketsarnaev-boston-marathonbombing-185641991.html?soc_src=mediacont entstory&soc_trk=tw… via @YahooNews #deathpenalty 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jennifer @brownjenjen 19 jan. » http://buff.ly/1J3lRKD Boston Bomber #BostonBomber No Plea Deal Likely in Boston Marathon Bombing Case» UPDATE » California USA Orange 983 83 Retweets 1 favorites Emily Victory @EmilyVictory 19 jan.

Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again - http://goo.gl/Ycy26w 0 Retweet 0 favorites Helen Carpenter @HelenCarpenter4 19 jan.

The death penalty is wrong, even for the alleged Boston Marathon bomber: Opinion http://s.nj.com/UYbmnRd via @njdotcom 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dyna Needtono @TheDynamoUknow 19 jan.

We don't know that this boy and his brother weren't played by our own Government,… weren't patsies like so… http://fb.me/3Sr1IuoPZ 0 Retweet 0 favorites JohnGaltTx @JohnGaltTx 19 jan.

Florida man killed by FBI agent reportedly had link to Boston Marathon bomber, triple murder http://goo.gl/Voihf 1 Retweet 0 favorites

35

लौरा कैथरीन @lolaglastra 19 jan.

Gentle Judy’s’ biggest challenge: Defending the accused Boston Marathon bomber http://yahoonewsdigestus.tumblr.com/108536591929 0 Retweet 1 favorites Jennifer @brownjenjen 19 jan. » http://buff.ly/1J2MmQp #BostonBomber Boston Bomber Gentle Judys biggest challenge: Defending the accused Boston Marathon… » NEWS » Tex… 66 Retweets 1 favorites Maryjoe Jarl @MaryjoeJarl 19 jan.

Que parezca un accidente #quéhorror http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites иностранец @Hox4o 19 jan. @McFaul Правосудие по американски http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites JohnGaltTx @JohnGaltTx 19 jan.

David Sirota writes for an article in Salon Magazine "Let's Hope the Boston Marathon Bomber is a White American" http://goo.gl/d6JDP 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jennifer @brownjenjen 19 jan. → http://buff.ly/1yzFLdq Boston Bomber #BostonBomber No Plea Deal Likely in Boston Marathon Bombing Case 29 California USA Citrus Heights 66 Retweets 4 favorites Joe Gilberti, PE @GILBERTI_WATER_ 19 jan. Fort Myers, FL" Lets see what happens? Gilberti sending

Case files to Judy Clarke this weekDefending accused Boston Marathon bomber http://news.yahoo.com/judyclarke-tsarnaev-boston-marathonbombing-185641991.html?soc_src=mediacont entstory&soc_trk=tw…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Yahoo News @YahooNews 19 jan.

‘Gentle Judy’s’ biggest challenge: Defending the accused Boston Marathon bomber - @hollybdc: http://yhoo.it/ 15kqP9m 19 Retweets 3 favorites Anna Butterworth @thisisntanna 19 jan.

Can this be true? Aryan Brotherhood brutally attack Boston Bomber and have their prison sentence reduced? http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

3 Retweets 1 favorites S C Manson @chazermann26 19 jan.

Gentle Judy’s’ biggest challenge: Defending the accused Boston Marathon bomber #Boston #bombing. http://yahoonewsdigest-us.tumblr.com/ 108536591929 1 Retweet 1 favorites

Not a Lottery Winner @KenTurner17 19 jan. Dranesville, VA" Accused Boston Bomber injured in "unfortunate accident" while in custody. May never walk again. http://empirenews.net/ accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Littlebitt123 @Littlebitt123 19 jan.

Boston Marathon Bomber, Miranda Warnings and the Public Safety Exception http://shar.es/1bG8Ja via @shestokas 0 Retweet 0 favorites Aggie Gossip @AggieGossip 19 jan. http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/… #boston #marathon 0 Retweet 0 favorites GingerTea @Gingertea_tv 19 jan.

Accused Boston Marathon severely injuries from an apparent banana slip..Ummm #compassion or #not http://fb.me/7dqKc66uf 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Kumar Raju @Kumar_Raju85 19 jan.

Attorney's biggest challenge: Defending the accused Boston Marathon bomber http://dlvr.it/88hFty 0 Retweet 1 favorites

Dr Alex Concorde @DrAlexConcorde 19 jan.

TopStory: No Plea Deal Likely in Boston Bomber Case - (WASHINGTON) — The focus of the Boston Marathon bombing tria… http://ln.is/time.com/3673149/no/jLBei… 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Rajyalakshmi Banda @RajyalakshmiBan 19 jan.

Attorney's biggest challenge: Defending the accused Boston Marathon bomber http://dlvr.it/88hGdq 0 Retweet 1 favorites

Michael Wallace @michaelmalibu 19 jan.

NEXT IN LINE Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Boston Marathon Bomber :) :) :) :) :) http://fb.me/1PsKFzEBN 0 Retweet 0 favorites

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Killuminati Network @KilluminatiNetw 19 jan.

“Yes, it was the brotherhood who took care of that bomber,” said Miles Smith, head of the Aryan Nation inside… http://fb.me/1B2ahcrEm 0 Retweet 0 favorites ebayadtweets @eBayAdtweets 19 jan.

Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again - http://ow.ly/Hx9Dt 0 Retweet 1 favorites Nemo's Sister @NemoSisterOTM 18 jan.

Boston Bomber Suspect Critically Injured In Prison http://empirenews.net/accusedboston-marathon-bomber-severelyinjured-in-prison-may-never-walk-or-talk… again/#.VLxALidkksU.twitter Who wants to shut him up? poor kid 0 Retweet 0 favorites JohnGaltTx @JohnGaltTx 18 jan.

David Sirota writes for an article in Salon Magazine "Let's Hope the Boston Marathon Bomber is a White American" http://goo.gl/d6JDP 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jack Turnbull @TurnbullLaw 18 jan.

How would you have handled being his bunk mate? http://fb.me/74HCEWKX2 0 Retweet 0 favorites Wally/Mister Smiley @MisterSmiley303 18 jan.

Days d any of you guys hear about this?

Discuss http://fb.me/1JZkPOjK6 0 Retweet 0 favorites Saslanbek İsaev @news95ru 18 jan. Нет, это уже не разбирательство. Это неправосудие в США. Это обыкновенный бандитизм в отношении Джохара… http://fb.me/3qDEMyG6y

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0 Retweet 0 favorites Leslie H. Morley @LesMorley 18 jan.

BOSTON MARATHON BOMBING: Could the new neuroscience of adolescence be used as mitigating evidence? http://ow.ly/HjR1b 0 Retweet 0 favorites Frederik Siiger @FrederikSiiger 18 jan.

Den ene af Boston-terroristerne er blevet smadret i fængslet. http://llk.dk/azm46l 0 Retweet 0 favorites 99.1 WNEW @WNEW 18 jan.

Justice Department pushing toward a trial that could result in a death sentence for the Boston Marathon bomber. http://cbsloc.al/15p9Faa 0 Retweet 0 favorites bellz ♌? @bellla_romanoo 18 jan. http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/… #BostonStrong 0 Retweet 0 favorites Law 1786 @Law1786 18 jan.

Boston Marathon Bomber, Miranda Warnings & the Public Safety Exception: Media Mislead Public on Law http://www.shestokas.com/?p=1417 #PJNET 2 Retweets 1 favorites Islam Abdel-Rahman @IslamRahman 18 jan.

Days after Abu Anas Al-Libi killed before his trial "Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison" http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

1 Retweet 1 favorites

KMOV @KMOV 18 jan.

Prosecutors likely to seek death penalty for Boston Marathon bomber: http://bit.ly/ 1wjSNHF 1 Retweet 1 favorites V Rockefeller EST @WhipGirl 18 jan.

YAY da boyz. Prison justice is served! (with bananas) :) AN! http://fb.me/1DSOXZeVh 0 Retweet 0 favorites Daniel Brookfield @dpbrookfield 18 jan.

Prison justice has been served on the Boston bomber As if they even attempted to say he slipped on a banana skin http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Aaron Anderson @AaronEatsButter 18 jan. @adamcurry I'm sure you're going to eat this up today! http://empirenews.net/ accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Zev Sibony @ZSibony 18 jan.

Does it make me a bad person that I’m not really upset at this? http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Stefie NYGiants ☺ @stefiegirlNYG 18 jan.

The Boston Marathon bomber got severely injured in prison n may never walk again! #KARMA!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6 Retweets 16 favorites STOP JIHAD NOW @StopQatarNow 18

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jan.

Bet the #Boston bomber is wishing he didn't pledge allegiance to Islam http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/… #BostonStrong @AppSame @JCCWatch #Jihad #tcot 1 Retweet 1 favorites Mark @nermanerr 18 jan.

Someone shared this on FB thinking its real.. lol "Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison http://goo.gl/Ycy26w " 0 Retweet 1 favorites EBHS Humanities @EBHSHumanities 18 jan.

No, the Boston Bomber was not almost beaten to death in prison. Millions fooled by satirical website: http://www.inquisitr.com/1764947/ dzhokhar-tsarnaev-beaten-in-prisonsatirical-site-claims-boston-marathonbombing-suspect-blinded-andparalyzed/…

7 Retweets 2 favorites #nomorebama @DHolohan 18 jan.

Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again - http://goo.gl/Ycy26w 1 Retweet 0 favorites Steve Martin @XmoSteve 18 jan.

Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Again - slipped in a banana skin? http://goo.gl/Ycy26w 0 Retweet 0 favorites Leslie H. Morley @LesMorley 18 jan.

BOSTON MARATHON BOMBING: Could the new neuroscience of adolescence be used as mitigating evidence? http://ow.ly/HjQXe

0 Retweet 0 favorites Scott Jardine @Scott_Jardine 18 jan. ‫ دولة قطر‬,‫"الدوحة‬ The Boston bomber got off lightly in my eyes, death sentence is too kind on him, Id rather one of these every day.. http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites

http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Kevin @kevnd27 18 jan.

Wow that's too bad. It's almost like jail is somewhere to be avoided. Maybe you shouldn't try to kill a bunch of… http://fb.me/7klLpSRzU 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Bryan @bryanh1976 18 jan.

I think @joerogan has an alibi for this…..does @JimNorton? http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 18 jan.

I wonder if the banana was for scale… http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Anonymous Is A Woman @anonisawoman 18 jan.

Story making rounds about Boston bomber beaten in prison was from a satire site. http://bit.ly/1GdKs39 2 Retweets 0 favorites

Crockett Gillmore @CrockettG7 18 jan. http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

Just want to say thank you to whoever did this to this POS 1 Retweet 3 favorites

r/conspiracy @rconspiracy 18 jan.

Boston marathon bomber suspect severely injured in prison. May never walk or talk again http://dlvr.it/881Zsb 1 Retweet 1 favorites Conspiracy Trends @Conspiracylizer 18 jan.

Accused #BostonMarathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again… http://conspiracy.trendolizer.com/2015/ 01/accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again.html…

3 Retweets 0 favorites Tim @Krommsan 18 jan.

I did not know #karma was in prison with the #bostonbombing terrorist.

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Brendan_G @brendan_g_201 18 jan. @stoolpresidente this can't be real can it? If so all Aryan Brotherhood members should be released from prison http://empirenews.net/accused-bostonmarathon-bomber-severely-injured-inprison-may-never-walk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Matt Traynor @matttraynor 18 jan.

No remorse. http://empirenews.net/ accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again/…

0 Retweet 7 favorites TEAMNOSLEEP BEATS ♛ @TNSMG 18 jan.

Wow http://fb.me/4853ehIP1 0 Retweet 0 favorites

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Terrorism Updates @terrorism_info 17 jan.

Accused #BostonMarathon Bomber Severely Injured In Prison, May Never Walk Or Talk Again… http://terrorism.trendolizer.com/2015/01/ accused-boston-marathon-bomberseverely-injured-in-prison-may-neverwalk-or-talk-again.html…

14 Retweets 5 favorites The Red & Black @redandblack 17 jan.

COLUMN: The Boston Marathon bomber deserves life in prison without parole http://bit.ly/1DOjddl 0 Retweet 0 favorites shyloh @shylohg 17 jan.

Court Chatter: Boston Marathon Bomber, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Grand Ju… http://www.courtchatter.com/2014/09/ boston-marathon-bomberdzhokhar.html?spref=tw…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Young Post @youngposthk 17 jan.

Alleged #Boston Marathon bomber, #DzhokharTsarnaev, faces potential death penalty if convicted http://bit.ly/ 1E6HIQw 0 Retweet 0 favorites Abraham Ahmad @abraham_ahmad19 16 jan.

Boston Marathon bomber took part in a triple murder: http://youtu.be/ 8B_hhi3AMbw?a via @YouTube 0 Retweet 0 favorites MMA blog @blogMMA 16 jan.

UFC's John Howard: I humbled Boston Marathon bomber, broke his nose in training http://ift.tt/1CgFQmL #ufc #mma

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Radar MMA @RadarMMA 16 jan.

UFC's John Howard: I humbled Boston Marathon bomber, broke his nose in training http://ift.tt/1CgFQmL 0 Retweet 0 favorites Max Abrahms @MaxAbrahms 16 jan.

UFC star: I broke nose of Boston Marathon bomber: http://www.msn.com/ en-us/sports/mma/ufc-star-i-broke-noseof-boston-marathon-bombing-suspect/arAA8f8o8?ocid=skydhp….

1 Retweet 4 favorites Mugshots Dot Com @Mugshotsdotcom 16 jan. http://MUGSHOTS.COM NEWS EDITORIAL - OPINION: Boston Marathon Bomber Update This Judge “Gets It”. #mugshots http://mugshots.com/s/Fwj4B 0 Retweet 0 favorites Hailee Madison @HaileexMadison 16 jan.

The whole finding jurors who don't already hate the Boston marathon bomber is stupid bc really how can you not want him to burn in hell.

2 Retweets 9 favorites

2015-01-28

SAUDI TV BLURRED OUT MICHELLE OBAMA'S UNCOVERED FACE DURING A VISIT TO THE COUNTRY The video with her blurred face originated on YouTube. It was then picked up by some on Twitter, including MSNBC host Chris Hayes and Louise Mensch, a former British MP and a current newspaper columnist. Bloomberg View also initially published a story with the claim, and later updated to say this wasn't the case.

7 ← Summary

41

Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=DL7rFEYtM_M Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DL7rFEYtM_M

‫خادم الحرمين يستقبل الرئيس األمريكي‬ ‫محمد الدسوقي‬

The rumor has been shared 13154 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

NoisyRoom @terresamonroe 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia’s State-Run TV Blurs Out Michelle Obama’s Face For Not Wearing Islamic Headscarf http://weaselzippers.us/212331-saudiarabias-state-run-tv-blurs-out-michelleobamas-face-for-not-wearing-islamicheadscarf/… #g8m 0 Retweet 0 favorites

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福田安志 @sadashifukuda 28 jan. オバマ大統領のサウジ弔問でミッシェル 夫人のベールを非着用が議論に。 Saudi Arabia ‘did not blur' uncovered Michelle Obama on TV | http://GulfNews.com http://bit.ly/18vFOyt 2 Retweets 0 favorites Jimmy Murphy @JimmyCoyoteLoco 28 jan.

SAUDIS REFUSE TO SHAKE MICHELLE OBAMA’S HAND: They also blurred her face on TV! http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2928539/Michelle-Obama-notimprssed-Lady-covered-head-toemanages-pull-faces-Saudi-Arabialeaving-India-early.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Lolo @LoLoGray79 28 jan.

Saudi TV blurred her face=disrespectful MT @guardian: Everyone calm down: M Obamas Saudi outfit was plenty respectful http://trib.al/FrOsiMW 2 Retweets 0 favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 28 jan.

No, Saudi TV did not blur out Michelle Obama's uncovered face: http://buff.ly/ 1wBf2Jg 3 Retweets 0 favorites News in Summary @news_in_summary 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia ‘did not blur' uncovered Michelle #Obama on TV http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/saudiarabia/saudi-arabia-did-not-bluruncovered-michelle-obama-ontv-1.1448044?localLinksEnabled=false… #ZippedNews http://www.zippednews.com/saudi-arabia 0 Retweet 0 favorites Saudi Arabia News @dlsaudiarabian 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia ‘did not blur' uncovered Michelle Obama on TV: Manama: Gulf social media users have poured scorn… http://binged.it/1zcaXzF 0 Retweet 1 favorites Someone Smart @GreatOldParty 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia’s state tv station blurred out Michelle Obama as she & Obama met

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the new Saudi King.: http://youtu.be/ DL7rFEYtM_M via @YouTube 1 Retweet 1 favorites Kamau Wa Jomo @Mehboobah 28 jan.

Michelle Obama refused to wear a head scarf when she was in Saudi Arabia, so they blurred her face on TV and the… http://fb.me/4xSg8uTiO 0 Retweet 0 favorites YES2 @YESthatcherDead 28 jan. Londres, Angleterre" From http://gulfnews.com "Saudi Arabia 'did not blur' uncovered Michelle Obama on TV" Christ, did she really look that rough?!?!??!?!

1 Retweet 1 favorites -Miny @_candyswitz 28 jan.

So michelle obama refused to hv a veil on durin their visit to saudi arabia and a tv station had 2do this?

0 Retweet 0 favorites John Jacob Kioria @JKioria 28 jan.

Okay so Saudi Arabia TV blurred Michelle Obama's face becoz she refused to put on a head scarf? The new king did not acknowledge her? Sawa 5 Retweets 0 favorites SuaveTV @Suave_TV 28 jan.

Michelle Obama Causes Outrage in Saudi Arabia by Not Wearing Headscarf: President of The United States of Amer… http://bit.ly/1v49xcp 0 Retweet 0 favorites NewsSnap @NewsSnap 28 jan.

A video, widely circulated on social media, claimed that state TV had blurred Michelle Obama from the footage. http://www.channel4.com/news/michelleobama-headscarf-hijab-saudi-arabiatwitter…

0 Retweet 1 favorites DYMAX PRODUCTIONS @DYMAXPRODUCTION 28 jan.

DVD TV MAGAZINE NOW OUR BLACK RADIO STATION WBLS IS SAYING MICHELLE DIDN'T WRAP A SCARF OR HEADWRAP ON HER… http://fb.me/ 47XGZQl3F 0 Retweet 0 favorites Naija What's Up? @Naijawhatsup 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia 'did not blur' uncovered Michelle Obama on TV http://gulfnews.com http://bit.ly/1zyulKI 0 Retweet 0 favorites AbHussien @AbdallaHussin 28 jan.

Michelle #Obama Not Blurred Out on Saudi TV.#US #KSA #Saudi_Arabia http://on.wsj.com/15LtkRn via @WSJPolitics 0 Retweet 0 favorites Simarilian @simarilian 28 jan.

Hillary did it. Michelle Obama refuses to cover up in Saudi trip. Saudi TV blurs image. http://news.yahoo.com/michelleobama-navigates-limits-women-saudiarabia-192549108.html… @instapundit #hewitt 0 Retweet 0 favorites Fred Wimpy @fredwimpy 28 jan. #SinceWeBeingHonest US media should blur Michelle Obama's face on TV like Saudi Arabia. #WarOnWomen #tcot 27 Retweets 21 favorites melvin gibbs @melvingibbs 28 jan. #jesuisMichelle Michelle Obama goes w/ o headwrap in Saudi Arabia, literally gets removed from the picture on Saudi TV http://buff.ly/1CLjlZT 1 Retweet 1 favorites

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Gulf News @gulf_news 28 jan. #SaudiArabia ‘did not blur #MichelleObama on TV’ http://bit.ly/18tYheT 19 Retweets 11 favorites ☞ Pray for GARISSA @Nyaoks 28 jan.

RT @calestous: #SaudiArabia state TV blurs First Lady Michelle #Obama in Obama visit footage via @omar_quraishi 3 Retweets 2 favorites Saudi Arabia News @dlsaudiarabian 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia ‘did not blur Michelle Obama on TV’: Manama: Gulf social media users have poured scorn on online… http://binged.it/1zb6woP 0 Retweet 0 favorites DTN Dubai @DTNDubai 28 jan.

DTN Dubai: Saudi Arabia ‘did not blur Michelle Obama on TV’: Saudi embassy criticises reports, says media shou… http://bit.ly/1JGdZAV 0 Retweet 0 favorites Star Stuff @XtarStuff 28 jan.

WTF is wrong with Saudis? They even blurred her face on TV. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/michelle-obama/11373787/ Michelle-Obama-causes-outrage-inSaudi-Arabia-by-not-wearingheadscarf.html… " 2 Retweets 3 favorites Uniquely Twisted @rage_chaos 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia has the right idea blurring Michelle Obama's face on TV while attending the Kings funeral.

2 Retweets 3 favorites RandomRoaming @RandomRoaming 28 jan.

TV Host Removes Veil & Angers Cleric: http://youtu.be/z2rL6NDoyKg via

@YouTube I wonder how he'd have reacted to Michelle Obama in Saudi Arabia.

0 Retweet 0 favorites jasmin @PalJasmin4 28 jan.

Saudi officials deny blurring Michelle Obama's face for TV http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-28/ saudi-arabia-denies-blurring-michelleobamas-face/6050980… via @ABCNews 0 Retweet 0 favorites Vikrant Chaplot @vikrantchaplot 28 jan.

They even blurred her out on National TV - Michelle Obama draws flak for going without headscarf in Saudi Arabia http://www.dawn.com/news/1159978 0 Retweet 0 favorites Rozita Riazati @RozitaRiazati 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia denies blurring Michelle Obama's uncovered head during TV broadcast of meeting between Obama&King Salman http://ab.co/1y4lvhv 2 Retweets 2 favorites Saudi Arabia News @dlsaudiarabian 28 jan.

Michelle Obama in Saudi Arabia Without Headscarf Stirs Controversy; Country Denies Blurring Her Images in TV B… http://binged.it/18sWB5h 0 Retweet 0 favorites Mudri klovn @wiseclown91 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia tv channel blurred Michelle Obama #funny #new 0 Retweet 0 favorites Raju Parulekar @rajuparulekar 28 jan. @kunfaaya Correct. ABC News: Saudi officials deny Michelle Obama's uncovered head blurred for TV. http://google.com/newsstand/s/CBI-

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w57mM9Ro… @Babu_Bhaiyaa 0 Retweet 0 favorites Kamal Sedra @KmSedra 28 jan.

Photo: #SaudiArabia denies blurring @MichelleObama's uncovered head during TV broadcast. #USA #KSA 2 Retweets 0 favorites Sub Spy @ExSubSpy 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia’s State-Run TV Blurs Out Michelle Obama’s Face For Not Wearing Islamic Headscarf… http://goo.gl/1ebv9h Wow an ally!

7 Retweets 2 favorites LIVINGSTRONGTV.COM @WhosoeverWill1 28 jan.

Michelle Obama Forgoes Headscarf In Saudi Arabia Living Strong TV http://i.huffpost.com/gen/2542580/ thumbs/s-MICHELLE-OBAMA-SAUDIARABIA-mini.jpg……

0 Retweet 0 favorites John R @Johnwr69 28 jan. #abcnews Saudis deny Michelle Obama's uncovered head blurred for TV. Arrogance, defiance or typically American? http://abc.net.au/news/6050980 0 Retweet 0 favorites #1 on BillBoard @LilKimRoyal 28 jan.

Lmaoo Michelle Obama was blurred on tv for not wearing a headscarf in Saudi Arabia 7 Retweets 3 favorites Raju Parulekar @rajuparulekar 28 jan.

ABC News: Saudi officials deny Michelle Obama's uncovered head blurred for TV. http://google.com/newsstand/s/CBIw57mM9Ro… 5 Retweets 2 favorites Reddit Funny @redditfunnybot 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia tv channel blurred Michelle

Obama via /r/funny http://ift.tt/1tmT2qD #funny 0 Retweet 0 favorites Saudi Arabia News @dlsaudiarabian 28 jan.

Michelle Obama Not Blurred Out on Saudi TV: The Obamas made a stop in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on Tuesday on thei… http://binged.it/18rNUbF 0 Retweet 0 favorites Smita Barooah @smitabarooah 28 jan.

Michelle Obama does not cover her hair or wear black in Saudi Arabia.Some local TV channels allegedly blur her image http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/ 2015-01-27/saudi-tv-blurs-michelleobama-s-face-at-meeting-with-king…

19 Retweets 9 favorites Auskar Surbakti @AuskarSurbakti 28 jan.

Did #SaudiArabia TV really blur @FLOTUS @MichelleObama as she & @BarackObama met King Salman? http://bit.ly/1v03Tb4 1 Retweet 1 favorites ▼ Eric James ▼ @iamericjames 28 jan.

Saudi Arabia denies blurring Michelle Obama's uncovered head during TV… ABC Online http://goo.gl/t0NVKg 0 Retweet 0 favorites USOSINT @USOSINT 28 jan.

Saudi officials deny Michelle Obama's uncovered head blurred for TV http://ab.co/1z8oE2H 1 Retweet 0 favorites Kyle Matthews @kylecmatthews 27 jan.

Government TV in #SaudiArabia blurs picture of Michelle Obama because she refused to wear a hijab. #FLOTUS

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7 Retweets 0 favorites Phx Ken @PhxKen 27 jan.

Saudi Arabia’s State-Run TV Blurs Out Michelle Obama’s Face For Not Wearing Islamic Headscarf… http://shar.es/1bTlRG via @WeaselZippers 9 Retweets 5 favorites Cynthia von Mueller @cindinator17 27 jan.

Michelle was treated like they usually treat women in Saudi Arabia. Saudis Say Michelle O Not Blurred on TV http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/ 2015-01-27/saudi-tv-blurs-michelleobama-s-face-at-meeting-with-king… via @BV 0 Retweet 0 favorites Taha Siddiqui @TahaSSiddiqui 27 jan.

Saudi Twitter users criticize Michelle Obama's uncovered head after Saudi TV broadcasted it http://www.politico.com/ story/2015/01/michelle-obama-saudiarabia-head-coveringcriticism-114646.html…

2 Retweets 2 favorites Suzanne Kianpour @KianpourWorld 27 jan.

In #India, Obama says women & girls deserve respect. In #SaudiArabia, his wife's face appears to be blurred on TV http://bloombergview.com/articles/ 2015-01-27/saudi-tv-blurs-michelleobama-s-face-at-meeting-with-king……

6 Retweets 4 favorites RantReaper @RantReaper 27 jan.

Saudi Arabia’s State-Run TV Blurs Out Michelle Obama’s Face For Not Wearing Islamic Headscarf… http://shar.es/ 1bTqB6 161 Retweets 50 favorites Weasel Zippers @weaselzippers 27

jan.

Video: Saudi Arabia’s State-Run TV Blurs Out Michelle Obama’s Face For Not Wearing Islamic Headscarf… http://shar.es/1bTbit 26 Retweets 10 favorites Smita Barooah @smitabarooah 28 jan.

Michelle Obama does not cover her hair or wear black in Saudi Arabia.Some local TV channels allegedly blur her image http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/ 2015-01-27/saudi-tv-blurs-michelleobama-s-face-at-meeting-with-king…

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2015-02-05

JORDAN'S KING ABDULLAH II WILL PARTICIPATE IN AIR STRIKES AGAINST ISIS Arabic news outlets first cited the claim on Feb. 4, citing unnamed officials. The claim spread to English news sites, many quoting Republican Rep. Duncan Hunter Jr. On social media, an image of the King in military garb began circulating.

7 ← Summary

48

Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.annaharkw.com/annahar/ Article.aspx?id=525170 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.annaharkw.com/annahar/Article.aspx?id=525170

‫ملك االردن يشارك شخصيا غداً في تنفيذ غارات‬ ‫على داعش‬ ‫إضافة تعليق جديد‬ ‫أعلن في االردن اليوم ان الملك عبد هللا الثاني سيشارك غداً الخميس شخصيا في تنفيذ غارات جوية‬ ‫ ونقلت االنباء عن‬.‫على مواقع تنظيم داعش االرهابي انتقاما العدامه الطيار االردني معاذ الكساسبة‬ ‫ وكانت عصابات‬."‫ملك االردن القول ان "الحرب ضد داعش ال هوادة فيها وسنضربهم في معاقلهم‬ ‫داعش االرهابية بثت امس مقطع فيديو اظهرت فيه اعدام الطيار االردني معاذ الكساسبة حرقا وهو‬ ‫حي داخل قفص حديدي وعلى خلفية هذا العمل قامت االردن فجر اليوم األربعاء تنفيذ حكم اإلعدام‬ ‫ يشار الى ان االردن يشارك في‬.‫شنقا بحق ساجدة الريشاوي وزياد الكربولي المنتميان الى القاعدة‬ ‫انتهى‬.‫التحالف الدولي وشن عدة غارات على مواقع داعش في سوريا دون العراق‬

The rumor has been shared 259887 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

F Off AT&T @F_Off_ATnT 5 feb.

Unlike King @BarackObama, the King of Jordan has the courage, big balls and the will to destroy ISIS http://www.businessinsider.com/jordanvideo-of-airstrikes-against-isis-2015-2… via @BI_Defense 0 Retweet 0 favorites IG: traciee_xo @tracyyy_xo 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://ow.ly/Iz9v4 0 Retweet 0 favorites Kanife Ejike @AktivIngredient 5 feb.

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The King of Jordan King Abdullah II has vowed to personally lead the air strikes against ISIS in a revenge… http://fb.me/ 7hlLcGa2m 0 Retweet 0 favorites Black Naija @black_naija 5 feb.

Revenge Mission: King Of Jordan Set To Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Rebels Today http://bit.ly/1C3zV5o 0 Retweet 0 favorites slone @slone 5 feb.

Will King of Jordan lead airstrikes on ISIS HIM-

SELF?http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-2938668/Jordanian-king-Obamameet-pilots-killing.html#ixzz3Qu5S5jTZ… 12 Retweets 11 favorites Tyler Morrison @tylermorrison1 5 feb.

King of Jordan to personally do air strikes on ISIS, Canadian Prime Minister Harper hears gun shots, hides in broom closet #PointsMe 1 Retweet 7 favorites VasJMorgan.com @VasJMorganBlog 5 feb.

King of Jordan Planning To Lead Airstrikes Against ISIS Himself? http://www.vasjmorgan.com/30IYE 0 Retweet 1 favorites MJ Celeb Magazine @MJceleb 5 feb.

Revenge Mission-King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today: After ISIS shocked The post Revenge Mission-… http://bit.ly/18RFJWf 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jeffrey P @jeffpsd1 5 feb.

King of Jordan to lead airstrikes on ISIS HIMSELF? Reports say he plans to take part in attack http://dailym.ai/1BZzF7D Meanwhile, Obama golfs 0 Retweet 0 favorites snopes.com @snopes 5 feb.

News: The King of Jordan was rumored to be personally leading airstrikes against ISIS. http://goo.gl/fb/ULZ8Gj 5 Retweets 1 favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 5 feb.

No, Jordan's King will not personally participate in airstrikes against #ISIS: http://buff.ly/18Re8o7 2 Retweets 0 favorites Dama Azul @_damaazul 5 feb. @HaizamAmirah ¿Sabe si es cierto que

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el mismo rey de Jordania, siendo piloto, podría liderar personalmente una OP? http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/ 2015/02/151039/king-of-jordan-toreportedly-lead-airstrikes-against-isisking-of-jordan-isis/……

0 Retweet 0 favorites Ivana @TheDiva11 5 feb.

The only positive perhaps coming of latest ISIS atrocity is that it just might galvanise the middle east against ISIS http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/02/ 05/king-of-jordan-may-lead-airstrikes-onisis/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Christalker @Mc_Christalker 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://dlvr.it/8PqGdt 2 Retweets 0 favorites Yakub Ibrahim @duyeaki 5 feb.

Nigeria President couldn't visit Chibok for 200 girls but King Of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes On ISIShttp://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/02/ 05/king-of-jordan-may-lead-airstrikes-onisis/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Lee Jackson @Stonewall_77 5 feb.

O To Lead Air-Stirke On #isis? Woops!

My Bad. That's King of Jordan To Lead The Fight http://www.newsmax.com/ TheWire/jordan-king-abdullah-airstrikesisis/2015/02/05/id/622881/# … #tcot 15 Retweets 10 favorites coolfmabuja @CoolFMAbuja 5 feb.

Will King of Jordan lead airstrikes on ISIS HIMSELF? Jordan's King Abdullah, a trained pilot, PLANS to lead… http://fb.me/1yqg1MYEY 0 Retweet 0 favorites P. Kim Bui @kimbui 5 feb.

If you don’t believe me, believe Craig.

MT @EmergentDotInfo: Jordan's King is NOT participating in air strikes: http://buff.ly/1D2aSRO 2 Retweets 1 favorites Dama Azul @_damaazul 5 feb.

El enojo de un rey El Rey de Jordania como piloto podría liderar personalmente una operación contra ISIS http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/ 2015/02/151039/king-of-jordan-toreportedly-lead-airstrikes-against-isisking-of-jordan-isis/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites Threat in the Desert @PolisarioTID 5 feb.

King #Abdullah of #Jordan: “I’m not only going to kill him, I’m going to kill his wife and all his friends and… http://fb.me/3fsm1fqj4 0 Retweet 1 favorites Neutral News @neutralnews 5 feb.

Jordans king vows revenge against ISIS as Gulf ally halts air strikes: Will King of Jordan lead airstrikes on… http://j.mp/1xqV98h 0 Retweet 0 favorites P.M.News @pmnewsnigeria 5 feb.

King Of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes On ISIS | P.M. NEWS Nigeria http://fb.me/ 7qPvT3Pz7 5 Retweets 1 favorites MADCMagazine @MIabaga_dotcom 5 feb. #MADC: King of Jordan to Lead Airstrikes against ISIS - Jordan's King Abdullah, a trained pilot, could lead… http://tinyurl.com/qhve4m4 0 Retweet 0 favorites olumide michael @olumikeal 5 feb. #News Revenge Mission-King of Jordan

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May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://dlvr.it/8PjLk0 0 Retweet 0 favorites Nollywood Freaks @NollywoodFreaks 5 feb.

Reports: King of Jordan Personally wants to lead airstrikes against ISIS http://www.nollywoodfreaks.com/reportsking-jordan-personally-wants-leadairstrikes-isis/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites lance newman @engineerhunter 5 feb.

Memo to King Obama #YoureDoingItWrong MRT King of Jordan to lead airstrikes on ISIS http://dailym.ai/1BZzF7D via @MailOnline 0 Retweet 0 favorites Mirror Ng Online @MirrorNgOnline 5 feb.

The King’s Fight:King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://dlvr.it/8Ph9d7 3 Retweets 0 favorites MADCMagazine @MIabaga_dotcom 5 feb.

King of Jordan to Lead Airstrikes against ISIS http://wp.me/p3MU5F-4RY 1 Retweet 0 favorites Raised Right @RaisedRightMI 5 feb.

We heard the King of Jordan may participate in the air strikes against ISIS, and we applaud him for that!! #leader 0 Retweet 1 favorites Special Relationship @USUKrelations 5 feb.

Will King of Jordan lead airstrikes on ISIS himself? Reports say trained pilot plans to take part in attack http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2938668/Jordanian-king-Obamameet-pilots-killing.html#ixzz3QsTtJbZN…

0 Retweet 0 favorites ☀Ơ†u иβα (o.O)☀ @Fashrules 5 feb.

A cue for GEJ & his mofos "@Gidi_Traffic: “@iConceptsNG: King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS ”" 0 Retweet 0 favorites Rufus @Mr_Ruffie 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself http://ruffiegram.uk/ 2015/02/king-of-jordan-planning-to-leadairstrikes-against-isis-himself/… via @Mr_ruffie 0 Retweet 0 favorites Streets Of Naija @streetsofnaija 5 feb.

King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on #ISIS Today http://goo.gl/fb/bdX35f #streetsofnaija #foreign #news 0 Retweet 0 favorites Mistur Simonns @simonace 5 feb.

King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today: After ISIS shocked the world with the brutal murder of Jorda… http://bit.ly/16tDXJs 0 Retweet 0 favorites De BABABA @Yax_bababa 5 feb. "@abubakarkaita: Why wont #Gej do something like"@adforumco: #WeJustHeard King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?"

4 Retweets 1 favorites georgem.co.tz @GeorgemTalk1 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn al-Hussein i… http://ift.tt/ 1zjnrac 0 Retweet 0 favorites TOP10NAIJA @toptennaija 5 feb.

ISIS kill 1 Jordanian pilot,King of Jordan leads airstrikes against ISIS..BokoHaram

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kills tens of thousands… where's our President again?

3 Retweets 0 favorites Information Nigeria @infonaija 5 feb.

The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn alHussein who is a trained pilot is said to be ready to lead revenge… http://fb.me/ 1wnXZOv0c 0 Retweet 0 favorites Grey Worm @abubakarkaita 5 feb.

Would be a hell of an inspiration"@adforumco: #WeJustHeard King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?"

4 Retweets 0 favorites 9iceboy #rep#Samsung @Medalist02 5 feb.

Jordan’s King Abdullah, a trained pilot, could lead revenge airstrikes on Islamic State himself, it has been r… http://bit.ly/ 1xpyER6 0 Retweet 0 favorites Eriko @MrDcity 5 feb.

Talk about leading from the front. King of Jordan to personally lead airstrikes against #ISIS 0 Retweet 0 favorites thatAmeboHotSpot_guy @thatEdoBoi 5 feb.

King Of Jordan Plans To Lead Airstrikes Against ISIS By Himself: King of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn al-Hussein, w… http://bit.ly/16Fy4td 0 Retweet 0 favorites Adedolapo @damopapa 5 feb.

Maybe Gej Can take a cue/BH "@Gidi_Traffic: “@iConceptsNG: King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS ”" 20 Retweets 1 favorites

Tobi Baba @Voiceof9jathugs 5 feb.

King Of Jordan May Lead #Airstrikes On #ISIS http://goo.gl/fb/TcpFFT #news #world #kingabdullah 0 Retweet 0 favorites ola @naija4lifen 5 feb. @DeleMomodu King of Jordan plannin 2 lead airstrikes against ISIS himself sincere leader lead 4rm d front not behind 0 Retweet 0 favorites GIDITRAFFIC @Gidi_Traffic 5 feb. “@iConceptsNG: King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself @Gidi_Traffic ” 19 Retweets 4 favorites Chiboy @chiboy9 5 feb.

King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://dlvr.it/8Pb90d #naijacarrygo 0 Retweet 0 favorites Top Breaking News @googletrenderer 5 feb.

King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on #ISIS on Revenge Mission http://goo.gl/ fb/Pn7dVv #generalnews #jordancountry 0 Retweet 0 favorites MAY7VEN @May7ven 5 feb. eGistOnline Magazine: Revenge Mission: King Of Jordan Set To Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Rebels Today http://fb.me/1CvCcTfHv 1 Retweet 0 favorites

Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://goo.gl/fb/ N6mnLG 0 Retweet 0 favorites Sleeky Naija @SleekyVibes 5 feb.

BREAKING NEWS – King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://bit.ly/1udyeSO #SleekyVibes 0 Retweet 0 favorites Fresh kid @bizzyboneee 5 feb.

The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn alHussein is a trained pilot and there are now reports… http://goo.gl/fb/ZJuqca 1 Retweet 1 favorites khalifa Y Hassan. @khalifakila 5 feb. "@lindaikeji: King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://ift.tt/1udmgst " Goodluck how far na? Take suit 8 Retweets 0 favorites The Pious &Happy One @Marmyla 5 feb.

Real leaders dat value d life of its citizens @agentjoe_ Ghen Ghen!!! -King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS 2dy http://dlvr.it/8PYRPN 1 Retweet 0 favorites Jama'al @dacresley 5 feb.

Ghen Ghen!!! -King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://dlvr.it/ 8PYPYx 1 Retweet 0 favorites

Information Nigeria @infonaija 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn al-Hussein… http://fb.me/ 1uAmPUBQB 2 Retweets 0 favorites OLUWANISHOLA @scolzmuller 5 feb.

Ghen Ghen!!! -King of Jordan May Lead

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BJP India @BJPIndiaBJP 5 feb.

King Of Jordan To Lead Airstrikes On #ISIS Himself . He is a trained pilot himself 0 Retweet 0 favorites ff @getyourjara @Remi_Kuti 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?

http://www.remikuti.com/media/40564/ king-of-jordan-planning-to-lead-airstrikesagainst-isis-himself-.htm?ref=twibot…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Information Nigeria @infonaija 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://dlvr.it/ 8PYF4s 1 Retweet 0 favorites Miss Petite Nigeria @misspetitenaija 5 feb.

Miss Petite Nigeria: Revenge MissionKing of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://www.misspetitenigeriablog.com/ 2015/02/revenge-mission-king-of-jordanmay-lead.html?m=1…

0 Retweet 0 favorites I shoot People @naijaspice 5 feb.

Ghen Ghen!!! -King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://goo.gl/fb/ Rvax1F #NsUpdate 0 Retweet 0 favorites Thank U Ance10tti @ishaqmamii 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?: The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn… http://tinyurl.com/ mwb6843 #Nigeria 0 Retweet 0 favorites IG:Olaholu @Hollaholuwapo 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?: The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn al-Husse… http://bit.ly/1DBmk54 0 Retweet 0 favorites #BJP Uttar Pradesh @BJPLucknowBJP 5 feb. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh" King Of Jordan To Lead Airstrikes On #ISIS Himself . He is a trained pilot himself

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30 Retweets 12 favorites Rony Dutta @RonyDutta 5 feb.

King of Jordan leads airstrikes on Islamic State HIMSELF after the brutal execution of Jordanian pilot by ISIS…. http://fb.me/ 2SwQpy94t 0 Retweet 0 favorites Odino Tha Godson @iamOdino 5 feb.

Can our presisent do this? "@eGistNG: Revenge Mission: King Of Jordan Set To Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Rebels Today http://bit.ly/18Q8PoW " 0 Retweet 0 favorites Fayvorite @Iam_fayvorite 5 feb.

Revenge Mission – King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Today http://wp.me/p3SkLp-8ZF 0 Retweet 0 favorites Linda Ikeji @lindaikeji 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://ift.tt/1udmgst 10 Retweets 4 favorites iTunesNG. COM @itunesng 5 feb. #Lindaikeji King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?: The king of Jordan, Abdullah II… http://bit.ly/ 16ENA8E 0 Retweet 0 favorites GOSPEL @gospelgee 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?: The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn al-Husse… http://bit.ly/16ENA8E 0 Retweet 0 favorites Team10™ @TheTeam10page 5 feb.

Welcome to Linda Ikeji's Blog: King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself? http://fb.me/1wJg813VF 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Linda Ikeji @lindaikeji 5 feb.

King of Jordan planning to lead airstrikes against ISIS himself?: The king of Jordan, Abdullah II ibn al-Husse… http://bit.ly/1xoxRzX 5 Retweets 5 favorites eGistOnline Magazine @eGistNG 5 feb.

Revenge Mission: King Of Jordan Set To Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Rebels Today http://bit.ly/18Q8PoW 1 Retweet 0 favorites

को ली़ड करंेगेजॉर्डन केकिंग… http://www.bhaskar.com/news-ht/INTking-of-jordan-lead-airstrikes-on-islamicstate-himself-4894860-PHO.html…

16 Retweets 14 favorites #Madeofblack @creamiediva23 5 feb.

King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today: After ISIS shocked the world with the brutal murder of Jorda… http://bit.ly/1DB0FK7 0 Retweet 0 favorites

I shoot People @naijaspice 5 feb.

Ghen Ghen!!! -King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today: After ISIS shocked the world with the brutal m… http://bit.ly/1KgWfwm 0 Retweet 1 favorites

Naira Reporters @nairareporters 5 feb.

Breaking News Revenge Mission – King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Today http://ow.ly/2UhUJc http://fb.me/ 1xYvQDTjR 0 Retweet 1 favorites

ARUN BHARDWAJ @arunbhar 5 feb. खुद फाइटर जेट मंेबैठकर #ISIS केखिलाफ हमले को ली़ड करंेगेजॉर्डन केकिंग… http://www.bhaskar.com/news-ht/INTking-of-jordan-lead-airstrikes-on-islamicstate-himself-4894860-PHO.html… http://t.co/ugTZgr8tswThanks for favor 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Mariane Antoun @marianeantoun 5 feb.

King Abdullah of Jordan has personally participated in air strikes against ISIS http://www.iraqinews.com/baghdadpolitics/urgent-king-of-jordan-toparticipate-in-striking-isil/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Le-Roy @wisdomabiodun 5 feb.

SMH… Unlike Jonathan"@_HabbIIbb: Ghen Ghen!!! -King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://goo.gl/fb/ QAN0FK via @naijaspice" 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Babawalexy9ja @Babawalexy9ja 5 feb.

Retweet! King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://goo.gl/fb/ IqOqzE #foreign 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Akwa Ibom Son! @Esidemsam 5 feb.

Revenge Mission-King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://dlvr.it/8PWbsm http://fb.me/727fpOoUy 0 Retweet 0 favorites

JJ. Omojuwa @omojuwa 5 feb.

Revenge Mission – King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes On ISIS Today http://wp.me/p3SkLp-8ZF 7 Retweets 0 favorites

Dainik Bhaskar @DainikBhaskar 5 feb. खुद फाइटर जेट मंेबैठकर #ISIS केखिलाफ हमले

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King Ajetun @richking2009 5 feb.

King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today: King of Jordan After ISIS shocked the world with the killing…

http://bit.ly/16DSR0h 0 Retweet 0 favorites Sami Bahrain @sami_bahrain 5 feb.

Will King of Jordan personally lead airstrikes on Islamic State? http://dailym.ai/1BZzF7D #ISIS 2 Retweets 1 favorites acro germane records @acrogermane 5 feb.

Revenge Mission-King of Jordan May Lead Airstrikes on ISIS Today http://www.acrogermane.com/gossip/ revenge-mission-king-of-jordan-maylead-airstrikes-on-isis-today/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites ‫@الخازن‬Al5AZEN_71 5 feb.

Will King of #Jordan lead airstrikes on Islamic State HIMSELF? http://dailym.ai/ 1BZzF7D #usa #uk #eu #hrw #amnesty #un #bahrain #ksa #ISIS 0 Retweet 0 favorites American Spring☧ ☥✡‫@ن‬AmericanSpringg 5 feb.

Will King of Jordan lead airstrikes on Islamic State HIMSELF? Reports say trained pilot could take… http://dailym.ai/ 1BZzF7D #ISIS #Jihad 1 Retweet 0 favorites MoreWhiskeyPlease @blackoutricky 5 feb. the king of Jordan personally taking part in airstrikes against ISIL he's a BAMF. http://beforeitsnews.com/alternative/ 2015/02/king-of-jordan-to-bomb-isis-insyriapersonally-3103164.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm _medium=twitter…

0 Retweet 0 favorites solemnwatch ‫@ن‬solemnwatch 5 feb.

ICYMI…Jordanian King Abdullah II will

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participate personally on Thursday in conducting air strikes against ISIS http://www.iraqinews.com/baghdadpolitics/urgent-king-of-jordan-toparticipate-in-striking-isil/…

2 Retweets 3 favorites Hornet Hive @gdbabar73 5 feb.

King of Jordan will participate himself in air strikes on Thursday on #ISIS 1 Retweet 1 favorites Stephen Taylor @stephen_taylor 5 feb.

Former fighter pilot, Star Trek Voyager extra, and current King of Jordan, Abdullah II will lead airstrikes on ISIS. 152 Retweets 80 favorites bfwebster @bfwebster 5 feb.

King of Jordan personally participates in air strikes v ISIS http://beforeitsnews.com/alternative/ 2015/02/king-of-jordan-to-bomb-isis-insyria-personally-3103164.html… @instapundit @AceofSpadesHQ 1 Retweet 0 favorites Icwhatudo @icwhatudo 5 feb.

King of Jordan (trained pilot) to personally participate in airstrikes against ISIS http://www.iraqinews.com/baghdadpolitics/urgent-king-of-jordan-toparticipate-in-striking-isil/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Tamerlane's Thoughts @TamerlaneBlog 5 feb.

Balls. King of Jordan led airstrikes on ISIS in Mosul.

3 Retweets 3 favorites Fred Hadi @FredHadi 5 feb.

BREAKING: #Jordan's King Abdullah personally take part Thurs. in airstrikes against #ISIS! http://www.iraqinews.com/ baghdad-politics/urgent-king-of-jordan-

to-participate-in-striking-isil/‌" 0 Retweet 1 favorites Laura Wells @wellsla 4 feb.

MT @PieroCastellano BREAKING: #Jordan's King Abdullah will personally take part Thurs. in airstrikes against #ISIS! http://www.iraqinews.com/baghdadpolitics/urgent-king-of-jordan-toparticipate-in-striking-isil/‌ 12 Retweets 7 favorites Ina @InaMaziarcz 4 feb.

The King of Jordan is going to personally lead Airstrikes against ISIS Gangsters?

Thats intense Leadership. #Jordan 12 Retweets 7 favorites Rodrigo Saraceno @RDSaraceno 4 feb.

Vish MT "@BBassem7: King of #Jordan will personally fly and lead the Jordanian airstrikes against #ISIS tomorrow "

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2015-02-06

AN ISIS TREASURER STOLE MONEY FROM THE ORGANIZATION AND FLED The Egyptian newspaper Al-Masry Al-Youm first reported this on Feb. 2, citing the Syrian Press Center website as its source. The account said the man's name is Abu Obeida (or Ubaidah) al-Masri, and that he was the treasurer of ISIS' branch in Syria. A follow-on report from the International Business Times noted that it was unable to independently confirm the claim.

7 ← Summary

58

Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/ details/648097 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/648097

«‫داعش سوريا« تعلن هروب مصري بـ»أموال‬ ‫»زكاة‬ ‫ بسام رمضان‬:‫ | كتب‬13:38 2015-02-02 ‫| اإلثنين‬ ‫ أمير ديوان‬،«‫ إن تنظيم »داعش « أعلن أن مصرًّيا يدعى »أبوعبيدة‬،‫قال المركز الصحفي السوري‬ ‫الزكاة بالتنظيم تمكن من الهروب بعد أن جمع الزكاة من رؤوس األموال في مدينة الميادين شرقي دير‬ .‫الزور بسوريا‬ ‫ »داعش« قتل رجل دين مسيحي شرقي الموصل‬:‫أخبار متعلقة شهود‬ ‫مسؤول عراقي يقترح تشكيل قوة إسالمية إقليمية للتصدي لـ»داعش« وقال المركز إن »المبلغ الذي‬ ،«‫ كانت من المقرر أن تصل إلى الفقراء في والية الخير‬،‫سرقه األمير يقدر بحوالي مليار ليرة سورية‬ .‫على حد زعم التنظيم‬ ‫ »ولعلها ليست المرة األولى التي يهرب بها قياديون من‬:‫ قائًال‬،«‫وعّلق المركز على هروب »أبوعبيدة‬ ‫ حيث هرب منذ فترة شرعي للتنظيم في المدينة وكذلك أحد قضاة التنظيم من الجنسية‬،‫التنظيم‬ ‫»السعودية‬.

The rumor has been shared 49757 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Theneeds Money @theneeds_money 6 feb.

The Wall Street Journal: ISIS claims Jordanian airstrike in Syria killed… Hot on #theneeds #Markets http://www.theneeds.com/money/ n6943968/the-wall-street-journal-isisclaims-jordanianmarketwatch?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium =social&utm_campaign=_money&utm_c ontent=share_0money…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

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Devynn @Dpizzle03 6 feb.

I'm raising money for Fight ISIS Fund.

Click to Donate: http://www.gofundme.com/lpkcqk #gofundme 0 Retweet 1 favorites Adjiedj Bakas @AdjiedjBakas 6 feb.

Follow the money…http://pontiactribune.com/who-fundsisis-just-follow-money/…

1 Retweet 2 favorites Božidar Maximilianus @bozhida4 6

feb.

ISIS Hostage Kayla Mueller Wanted To Help Stop Syria's Suffering http://pack.li/ 43j #money #dogecoin #bitcoin #news, #love, #photogra…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Quick Money @quick88mon 6 feb. #money ISIS says airstrike killed American hostage: ISIS claimed in an online posting that a female American… http://dlvr.it/8QlVbV 0 Retweet 0 favorites waltb31 @waltb31 6 feb. @JoyAnnReid who does ISIS bank with?

Why can't we freeze their accounts like Russia? Are the Saudis funding them?

Follow the money #Reiders 5 Retweets 3 favorites Ted Corless @Newsmunchies 6 feb.

The Last Days of #ISIS Can't Come Soon Enough http://bit.ly/1vppwyC http://bit.ly/YWLFZ5 0 Retweet 0 favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 6 feb.

We're tracking the UNVERIFIED claim an #ISIS treasurer stole $1M from the organization and fled to Turkey. http://buff.ly/1Ky8va5 2 Retweets 0 favorites ImplausibleEndeavors @MindOfMo 6 feb. #DefenseStocks up big as #ISIS crisis escalates Sept 2014 http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/22/investing/defense-stocks-isis-bounce/…

Barack #NobelPeacePrize Obama is "down" with #SpoilsOfWar. 0 Retweet 0 favorites #MONEY #FOREX GOO @moviesvideo3 6 feb. #forex #money ISIS claims American

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hostage killed in Jordanian airstrike - Fox News http://dlvr.it/8QhnSQ http://bit.ly/ 1wzgE7U 0 Retweet 0 favorites Indie Funds @IndieFunds 6 feb.

Fri Feb 06 '15 Announcement from Kurdish soldier beheaded by ISIS left 11 kids http://bit.ly/1IikTiz #indie #money 1 Retweet 1 favorites Carly @chicagoprepster 6 feb.

What I want to know is, money for what?!

And is her name really Isis?!

0 Retweet 3 favorites Hzr @HzrKurdistani 6 feb. #Akon to perform a concert in #Kurdistan's capital city #Erbil, to raise money for Kurdish #Peshmerga forces. http://m.ibtimes.com/akon-kurdistan-antiisis-concert-benefit-peshmergaforces-1806904…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Cher @cher 6 feb.

WHY R WE NOT GIVING MORE MONEY 2 THE KURDSTHEY R THE ONLY PPL BEATING ISIS BACK,ON THE GROUND&THEY DO IT W/POP‘s SLING SHOTS,&MODEL T’s 780 Retweets 1 065 favorites Margaret Morris @margaretvmorris 6 feb.

The Hill: Bill would offer $5M award for intel on ISIS killings. Where is the money coming from? http://thehill.com/blogs/ floor-action/house/231979-bill-wouldoffer-5m-award-for-intel-on-isis-killings…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Jouni Purri @LindsayLovelace 6 feb.

Senegalese-American hip-hop star Akon is using his performance skills to help defeat the threat of ISIS. http://bit.ly/1DHPlvN

0 Retweet 0 favorites Cem Wald @primebank 6 feb. #Prime #Consulting #Alliance #Money #Business #Capital ISIS cleric opposed to immolating Jordanian pilot faces… http://fb.me/714giMSEv 1 Retweet 0 favorites I'm your Huckleberry @BringTheFlag 6 feb.

Obama handed Iraq over to ISIS, he even told them the date US would pull out. NOW he wants Congress to give him money to go to war w/ ISIS 7 Retweets 6 favorites Alex Chen @Alex_Chen23 6 feb.

Google Removes "How Can I Join ISIS" Autosuggestion http://selnd.com/1LUiWs1 #make money online #SEO #Make money 0 Retweet 0 favorites #MONEY #FOREX GOO @movievideo1 6 feb. #forex #money Jordan unleashes wrath on ISIS: 'This is just the beginning' - CNN http://dlvr.it/8QYbjV http://bit.ly/1wzgE7U 0 Retweet 0 favorites LilEsBella @LilEsBella 6 feb.

These ISIS people behead people then ask for ransom knowing full well they're not getting the money - they're trying to instigate a war.

0 Retweet 0 favorites Snapzu Politics @Snapzu_Politics 6 feb.

How Does ISIS Fund Its Reign of Terror? http://snapzu.com/s/NNDBRRCE via @Snapzu #money #worldnews #war 1 Retweet 1 favorites Sergi Cabeza @SergiCabeza 6 feb.

An Egyptian IS member took the money

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and ran away… they don't want Egyptians anymore http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ isis-egyptian-treasurer-steals-zakatfunds-flees-turkey-1486398…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Carl Fridh Kleberg @FridhKleberg 6 feb.

Right on the money:"We shouldn't be congratulating ourselves for reacting to ISIS propaganda exactly as ISIS intends" http://news.intelwire.com/2015/02/ intelwire-weekly-brief-262015.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Menzi Kulati @menzikulati 6 feb.

Squabbling over money, women and strategy. The biggest threat to ISIS might be #ISIS itself http://thebea.st/1yQ0rfb 0 Retweet 0 favorites T.O.O.L.S. Training @TOOLS_Training 6 feb. #TTA_LLC Australian Muslim Leaders Warn Of Radicalisation Due To Unemployment http://bit.ly/16yNqzb #atriskyouth 0 Retweet 0 favorites meena das narayan @MeenaDasNarayan 6 feb. women will be under constant attack in a #JihadIAAP because money comes from ISIS ISI sources #Vote4BJP 32 Retweets 10 favorites Slantpoint® Now @slantpointnow 6 feb. thedailybeast: Squabbling over money, women and strategy. The biggest threat to ISIS might be ISIS itself…

0 Retweet 0 favorites meena das narayan @MeenaDasNarayan 6 feb. #JihaadiAap uses laundered money to bring ISIS like rule iN Delhi…future will

be a #Nirbahaya a day I guess 3 Retweets 2 favorites meena das narayan @MeenaDasNarayan 6 feb.

If AAP come to power ty will disrespect women, distribute liquor freely &bring ISIS like rule as they deal with laundered money #JihaadiAap 4 Retweets 1 favorites ammaro @ammar456 6 feb.

I guess since the price of oil dropped #ISIS #Daesh need to make money any other way. Let's destroy these #%^#$ http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/ 2015/02/04/ISIS-selling-crucifyingburying-children-alive-in-Iraq-U-N-.html…

0 Retweet 1 favorites australia agent @australia_agent 6 feb.

Australian Muslim Leaders Warn Of Radicalisation Due To Unemployment; AtRisk Youth May Join ISIS For 'Good Money' http://ift.tt/1zVaq7o…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Dougded @dougded 6 feb. “@WantEnglandBack: Cowardly Muslim jihadist faces year's in jail Waste of taxpayers money. http://dailym.ai/1DhLx6J @MailOnline” Yep - kill 0 Retweet 0 favorites w3bsag3 @w3bsag3 6 feb.

Hey look at @unrwausa graduates! So sweet… What great schooling with #USA money can accomplish: Kids to #ISIS! 5 Retweets 2 favorites w3bsag3 @w3bsag3 6 feb. #ISIS in #Gaza Brought to you with @UNRWA money donated to #Palestinans by #EU and #USA Give THEM a State?!?

4 Retweets 2 favorites

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djB_MonEy @djB_MonEy 6 feb.

White House to request permission to fight ISIS http://dlvr.it/8Q76W2 0 Retweet 0 favorites Alex Kingsbury @alexkingsbury 6 feb.

In the 60s, conservatives wanted to raise taxes to pay for wars. Really. http://fb.me/ 2GhJEoNoH 0 Retweet 0 favorites RebeccaRomani @rebeccaromani 6 feb.

Wow. About time someone in the Arab League put their mouth AND their money on the same place at the same time. http://fb.me/1Xl2x82Bz 0 Retweet 0 favorites Waaaaaaaaaaaapz @Isis_BBG 6 feb. “@WorldStarFunny: When people tell me I spend too much money on food https://vine.co/v/OFrUt1J036I ” RT 0 Retweet 1 favorites Smoothjazztampabay @smoothjazztampa 6 feb.

ISIS… You are burning the wrong people alive! Oh that's right.. They fund you! http://fb.me/1Dos29KzA 0 Retweet 0 favorites heidi jo bean @killerjobean 6 feb.

Faux really doesn't care, they're a business primarily interested in making money, they present a product to… http://fb.me/45QKy7OGA 0 Retweet 0 favorites 757Live Kenya 757@LiveKE 6 feb. #Fox News breaks from pack and shows ISIS video - CNNMoney http://757l.tk/1DkeWNE 0 Retweet 0 favorites BrunoBehrend @BrunoBehrend 6 feb.

Hit them where it hurts - the money. Also, if the head of every verifiable donor to Isis was found on a spike in… http://fb.me/3UADC3e7G 0 Retweet 0 favorites KeelsUS @KeelsUS 6 feb.

Islamic State group has $2B war chest in oil money #isis http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/ 2015/feb/5/islamic-state-grouphas-2-billion-war-chest-oil-mo/…

2 Retweets 1 favorites John Schindler 20@committee 6 feb.

If USG wants to get serious about fighting #ISIS, ditch 70% of our CT efforts in CENTCOM & just give the money to Jordan to do their worst.

35 Retweets 31 favorites #MONEY #FOREX GOO @movievideo1 5 feb. #forex #money Jordan releases video of air strikes in mission named after Moaz al-Kasasbeh… http://dlvr.it/8Q16Td http://bit.ly/1wzgE7U 0 Retweet 0 favorites Emelson Salazar @chigobiker 5 feb. #NotInMyName #Islam #islamnoncoupable #KillAllMuslims #JeSuisCharlie #isis http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2015/ 02/religion-money-and-fear-of-irandrives-sunni-muslims-to-join-islamicstate-jihadists/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites yung good boy @dannolan 5 feb.

I would pay good money to have @adambrereton slap around dipshits who joke about joining isis 0 Retweet 5 favorites Italian Politics @ItalianPolitics 5 feb. #Isis #Kuwait | Money Jihad https://moneyjihad.wordpress.com/tag/

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kuwait/ . Full list of links tracking funds 1 Retweet 0 favorites FenMorgana @FenMorgana 5 feb.

"Splits" flee of "immigrants" and lack of "money" , a new storm shaking ISIS internally http://english.shafaaq.com/index.php/stories/13177-splits-flee-ofimmigrants-and-lack-of-money-a-newstorm-shaking-isis-internally…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Mike Walker @New_Narrative 5 feb.

ISIS has amassed a $2 billion fortune http://ciceromagazine.com/features/ show-me-the-terrorists-money-easiersaid-than-done/…

6 Retweets 0 favorites Ron Paul News @RonPaulNews 5 feb.

Who funds ISIS? Just follow the money http://bit.ly/1DDDv5S #ronpaul | RPF 11 Retweets 3 favorites Lahib Bani-Sakhar @LahibBaniSakhar 5 feb.

How Much Money Is Enough to Take Down #ISIS? http://bit.ly/16IDB2d 2 Retweets 1 favorites Jose Rizal @NotJoseRizal 5 feb.

Fox News breaks from pack and shows ISIS video - CNNMoney http://j.mp/1IbBYL0 #JoseRizal 0 Retweet 0 favorites Eyang Sukur @KhooForex 5 feb.

RT #MONEY #FOREX GOO moviesvideo3 :#forex #money Jordanian jets strike Isis targets with missiles bearing the mes… http://bit.ly/1wzgE7U 0 Retweet 0 favorites cale salih @callysally 5 feb. .@Akon is performing in #Erbil #Kurdistan to raise money for #Peshmerga fighting #ISIS http://www.ibtimes.com/akon-

kurdistan-anti-isis-concert-benefitpeshmerga-forces-1806904… h/t @wesleysmorgan 7 Retweets 6 favorites Gary Long @GaryL_ 5 feb.

(Excellent) Who Funds ISIS? Just Follow the Money http://pontiactribune.com/ who-funds-isis-just-follow-money/… via @PontiacTribune 2 Retweets 1 favorites Julian is a 99%er @Run4demHills 5 feb.

PROBABLY NEEDS THE MONEY TO FUND #ISIS & HIS CHAMPAGNE BILL Saudi prince sells most of his News Corp stock for £125m http://gu.com/p/45fp6/ stw 0 Retweet 0 favorites Lorrona @ibangel 5 feb.

Obama administration facing pressure to define ISIS strategy, boost aid to Jordan | http://fxn.ws/1I93lFu (Jordan has enough money!)

0 Retweet 0 favorites Abu Al Ashuriya @KingSargon26 5 feb.

Easy tigre u got no money "#Jordan’s King Abdullah vows ‘relentless’ war against #ISIS http://buff.ly/1DC67ws " 0 Retweet 1 favorites IMC, llc @Isis_Media 5 feb.

Marketing to Millennials and Other Helpful Tips if You Have One in Your Life http://fb.me/3vLp7p778 0 Retweet 0 favorites alessandro accorsi @ali_burrasque 5 feb.

Egyptian stole money from from ISIS and fled to Turkey. "according to rumours, IS stopped recruiting egyptians" http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-egyptian-

64

treasurer-steals-zakat-funds-fleesturkey-1486398…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Team Swandog @TeamSwandog 5 feb.

More churches raising money to help us destroy #ISIS before they destroy us. Get your church involved now! http://NGOTeamSwandog.org 1 Retweet 1 favorites No Blairites @BankersDidIt 5 feb. .@RT_com Rothschilds UBS said to be funding ISIS too . Is that with the money saved from tax evasion in USA ? :) 0 Retweet 0 favorites Son of Iblis @ScotsmanInfidel 5 feb.

Money Talks In Battle To Destroy Islamic State http://news.sky.com/story/1421947/ money-talks-in-battle-to-destroy-islamicstate… #ISIS #islamicstate 0 Retweet 0 favorites Neal V. Dimarco @NealvDimarco 5 feb. @momblogger MILF dream this? Here's how ISIS became the richest terrorist group in history; http://ciceromagazine.com/features/ show-me-the-terrorists-money-easiersaid-than-done/#ixzz3QxHKHxrnhttp://www.businessinsider.com/hereshow-isis-became-the-richest-terroristgroup-in-history-2015-2……

0 Retweet 0 favorites Nick Fuston @nfuston 5 feb.

Talk about putting your money where your mouth is. #Jordan's King will fly in millitary missions against #ISIS. http://i.imgur.com/9SEou6l.png 0 Retweet 0 favorites Recruiter Girl @echristopher5 5 feb. #stoppromotingbarbarians http://bull.hn/l/

2CNK4/ 0 Retweet 0 favorites Lina â™” Samman @LinaAlSamman 5 feb.

Where does Isis get its money? - video explainer http://gu.com/p/42vdf/stw 0 Retweet 0 favorites Nazhinaz @Nazhinaz1 5 feb.

Fortress Jordan: Putting the Money to Work | Brookings Institution http://brook.gs/1C3fhCG/ Jordan's resolve will go a long way to kill ISIS 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jeannie-ology @jeanniology 5 feb.

ISIS is funding terror with human organs & Obama focuses on Bibi & Christians during the Crusades & slavery. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2880815/Blood-money-ISIS-sellinghuman-organs-harvested-livinghostages-dead-soldiers-fund-terrorMiddle-East.html# ‌ tcot

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2015-02-06

AMERICAN HOSTAGE KAYLA MUELLER WAS KILLED IN A COALITION BOMBING CAMPAIGN AGAINST ISIS A statement attributed to the Islamic State group and images of collapsed buildings were posted on a militant website and distributed by Islamic State-affiliated Twitter users Feb. 6. The authenticity of the statement could not be independently verified, however and online

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images remain inconclusive. Officials from both the White House and Jordan could not confirm the report, as their investigation is ongoing.

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The rumor first appeared on: https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Statements/ is-claims-american-female-hostage-killed-in-jordanian-airstrike.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Statements/is-claims-americanfemale-hostage-killed-in-jordanian-airstrike.html

IS Claims Death of American Female Hostage in Jordanian Airstrike The Islamic State (IS) claimed that an American female hostage was killed when a Jordanian aircraft struck the building in which she was located in Syria’s ar-Raqqah governorate.

The rumor has been shared 20834 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Rita Katz @Rita_Katz 6 feb. #ISIS announced the death of Kayla Mueller on #Twitter. Twitter remains haven for terror propaganda #WakeUpTwitter RT 52 Retweets 15 favorites Daniel Stefanski @DStefanski 6 feb. .@RepMattSalmon is spot on: #Jordan is leading the fight against #ISIS & the best we can do is come "behind" them? http://salmon.house.gov/media-center/ press-releases/rep-salmon-commentson-isis-claims-of-death-of-arizonankayla-mueller…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

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Matt Salmon @RepMattSalmon 6 feb.

I urge my fellow Members to pursue the fullest military option to obliterate this enemy from the face of the earth. http://salmon.house.gov/media-center/ press-releases/rep-salmon-commentson-isis-claims-of-death-of-arizonankayla-mueller…

37 Retweets 22 favorites #WeWorkin @Stax_Or_Death 6 feb.

ISIS Hostage Kayla Mueller Wanted To Help Stop Syria's Suffering http://smar.ws/QOVJs #SmartNews 0 Retweet 0 favorites Ivan Plis @ivanplis 6 feb.

Here’s everything we know about Kayla Mueller — her life, not her rumored death at the hands of ISIS http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/06/kaylamueller-isis-syria/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites Chaplain Bernie…. @linkipod 6 feb.

Kayla Mueller identified by ISIS in bombing death claim | http://video.foxnews.com/v/ 4036737095001/kayla-mueller-identifiedby-isis-in-bombing-death-claim/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Hihid @hihidco 6 feb. #Kayla #Mueller #identified #by #ISIS #in #bombing #death #claim http://goo.gl/fb/ mgFGqc #world 0 Retweet 0 favorites Tamara#IamMadAsHell @hcirePT 6 feb.

IS claims US woman they held captive killed in coalition raid on Syria http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/middle-east/isis-us-hostage-deathmilitants-claim-female-american-aidworker-kayla-jean-mueller-has-beenkilled-by-jordanian-airstrikes-10029845.html…

1 Retweet 0 favorites aspals legal pages @aspals 6 feb.

Isis US hostage death: Militants claim female US aid worker Kayla Jean Mueller killed by Jordanian air strikes http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/middle-east/isis-us-hostage-deathmilitants-claim-female-american-aidworker-kayla-jean-mueller-has-beenkilled-by-jordanian-airstrikes-10029845.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

news of the death of American ISIS hostage Kayla Mueller. http://shar.es/ 1oembC via @gatewaypundit 0 Retweet 0 favorites Anonymous @occupythemob 6 feb. #ISIS Issues Statement On Death Of American Hostate #Kayla_Jean_Mueller http://bit.ly/1zX2Tq0 11 Retweets 8 favorites Mohamed Hekal @hekal1000 6 feb.

RT @Independent: #Isis claims a female US hostage has been 'killed by #Jordan air strikes' http://ind.pn/1yR33tj 0 Retweet 0 favorites Boy Genius @BoyGeniusLA 6 feb. “@NBCNews: Unconfirmed: ISIS claims Kayla Mueller, American hostage, is dead http://nbcnews.to/1CBMRCm ” Death to ISIS 0 Retweet 0 favorites Egypt & MENA Updates @Egy_U 6 feb.

Isis US hostage death: Militants claim female American aid worker Kayla Jean Mueller has been killed by Jordanian… http://dlvr.it/8Qkxfr 0 Retweet 0 favorites The Independent @Independent 6 feb.

Isis claims a female US hostage has been 'killed by Jordan air strikes' http://ind.pn/1yR33tj 18 Retweets 4 favorites Jim Hoft @gatewaypundit 6 feb.

Today #StrategicPatience brought us news of the death of American ISIS hostage Kayla Mueller. http://shar.es/ 1oembC via @gatewaypundit 24 Retweets 6 favorites Mikey Kay @MikeyKayNYC 6 feb. #Daesh (ISIS) statement: airstrikes by

Boo @P4tR10tBoo 6 feb.

Today #StrategicPatience brought us

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#Jordan led to the death of US female hostage Kayla Mueller. (Photo @Raqqa_Sl) 7 Retweets 2 favorites Montaser ‫@منتصر مرعي‬MontaserMarai 6 feb.

ISIS sources talking about the death of American female hostage Kayla Jean Mueller kin airstrikes by Alliance on ISIS location in Syria.

1 Retweet 0 favorites Robert Passarella @robpas 6 feb. *ISIS REPORTS DEATH OF AMERICAN HOSTAGE, SITE SAYS @business…

Kayla Mueller?

0 Retweet 0 favorites Breaking News @NewsOnTheMin 6 feb.

BREAKING: ISIS announced the death of the American hostage humanitarian worker Kayla Jean Mueller due to “Jordanian air strike 33 Retweets 10 favorites Rita Katz @Rita_Katz 6 feb.

Breaking News: #ISIS announced the death of the American hostage humanitarian worker Kayla Jean Mueller due to “Jordanian air strike”

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2015-02-10

CHARLES MANSON'S FIANCE WANTED TO MARRY HIM TO OBTAIN CUSTODY OF HIS CORPSE The claim appeared in a New York Post article on Feb. 8. It was attributed to journalist Daniel Simone, who is working on a book about Manson. The Post reported that Burton and a friend wanted to display Manson's body in a "bizarre California version of Lenin’s Tomb" in order to "draw huge crowds and make big money." (Burton and Manson's marriage license recently expired.) Gawker's Antiviral blog did a good job of unpacking the claim, noting that neither Burton nor Manson have commented, and that nothing currently backs up Simone's claim. It's

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Theorical Analysis → 139

also worth noting that Simone is seeking a publisher for his book, and making this claim has given him attention for the project. This is Unverified until evidence emerges either way.

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The rumor first appeared on: http://nypost.com/2015/02/08/ charles-mansons-fiancee-wanted-to-marry-him-for-his-corpse-source/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://nypost.com/2015/02/08/charles-mansons-fiancee-wanted-tomarry-him-for-his-corpse-source/

Charles Manson’s fiancée wanted to marry him for his corpse: source

By Bill Sanderson February 8, 2015 | 7:37am This plot was too crazy even for Charles Manson. Manson’s engagement to a woman 53 years his junior was part of a wild scheme of hers to profit by putting his body on public display after his death, says the author of an upcoming book. Manson’s fiancée, 27-year-old Afton Elaine Burton, known as Star, sought to wed the convicted mastermind of the Sharon Tate murder and eight other slayings so that she could gain possession of his corpse, according to journalist Daniel Simone. Burton and a pal, Craig Hammond, planned to lay out Manson’s remains in a glass crypt, Simone says. The pair figured their bizarre California version of Lenin’s Tomb would draw huge crowds and make big money. But Manson, 80, does not want to marry Burton and has no interest in spending eternity displayed in a glass coffin, Simone told The Post. “He’s finally realized that he’s been played for a fool,” Simone said. Another reason the madman balked at the plan is because he believes he is immortal. “He feels he will never die,” Simone said. “Therefore, he feels it’s a stupid idea to begin with.”

Manson’s and Burton’s marriage license expired Thursday. “They plan on renewing the license, and things will move forward in the coming months,” says a statement posted on Burton’s and Hammond’s website.

Burton and Hammond — who uses the nickname Gray Wolf — could not be reached for comment. The wedding was postponed “due to an unexpected interruption in logistics,” the site says.

Manson entered a prison medical facility for treatment of an infection about two months ago and cannot receive visitors, Simone said.

California prison officials would not comment on either Manson’s medical condition or his whereabouts. Simone and a collaborator, 73

Heidi Jordan Ley, are seeking a publisher for their book, “The Retrial of Charles Manson.” Manson and other inmates at Corcoran State Prison in California are helping the project. The authors say they spoke with Manson regularly before his phone privileges were suspended two years ago. They also corresponded with Manson and his inmate friends by mail.

According to the authors, Burton and Hammond hatched their plan to display Manson’s corpse about two years ago. Initially, the duo asked Manson to sign a document that would let them take his body when he dies. Modal TriggerManson and BurtonPhoto: MansonDirect.com/POLARIS “He didn’t give them a yes, he didn’t give them a no. He sort of strung them along,” Simone said.

Burton and Hammond regularly brought Manson toiletries and other items. Stringing them along kept the goodies coming, Simone said.

When it became clear last year that the purportedly death-proof Manson would not green-light the plan, Burton and Hammond switched to the marriage idea, Simone says.

If Burton married Manson, the pair realized, California law would give her possession of Manson’s remains upon his death, Simone said. Simone believes Manson never intended to marry Burton.

“Manson never consented to the wedding in the first place and never will,” he said. Another Simone book, “The Lufthansa Heist,” about a $6 million armed robbery at Kennedy Airport in 1978, is due out next month. He co-authored it with “GoodFellas” mobster Henry Hill, who died in 2012.

The rumor has been shared 217587 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Following_A_Million @areyouforeal_SA 10 feb.

Charles Manson's Ex-Fiancée Wanted to Display His Corpse for Profit (Report) http://dlvr.it/8V5YLB 0 Retweet 0 favorites Michelle Li @MichelleLiTV 10 feb.

Charles Manson called off his wedding because he claims his fiance was a gold digger. http://buff.ly/1KFZzRY 3 Retweets 3 favorites

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Snapzu Lifestyle @Snapzu_Living 10 feb.

Manson wedding off after it emerges that his fiance just wanted his corpse for… http://snapzu.com/s/XV4U9EZB via @Snapzu #relationships 0 Retweet 0 favorites Julian is a 99%er @Run4demHills 10 feb.

YOU COULDN'T MAKE IT UP UNLESS YOU'RE #HSBC Charles Manson wedding off. Fiance just wanted his corpse

for display http://ind.pn/16Lfhw2 3 Retweets 1 favorites Cimaron Neugebauer @CimCity 10 feb.

She allegedly wanted him for his corspe & he wasn't into it. That's ironic. http://www.kutv.com/news/features/ national-news/stories/Fiance-onlywanted-Charles-Manson-to-show-offdead-corpse-Source-77290.shtml#.VNqDFS79zSg… #CharlesManson 1 Retweet 2 favorites Victoria Uwonkunda @Msuwonkunda 10 feb.

In Holy's name… Apparently Charles Manson's fiancé wanted marriage so she could claim corpse for "touristic" profit http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/charles-manson-wedding-off-after-itemerges-that-girlfriend-afton-elaineburton-just-wanted-his-corpse-fordisplay-10034793.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites PulpNews Crime @PulpNews 10 feb. #Charles Manson's Fiance Used Him For His #Corpse - Feb 10 @ 5:05 PM ET http://pulpnews.com/c/ i.php?id=1658564787…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Gangsta Gossip @Gangsta_Gossip 10 feb.

American Voicez: Report: Charlez Manson’z Fiance Wuz Usn' Him Fo'#Corpse: Accordn' ta a… http://goo.gl/fb/YxPtoc 0 Retweet 0 favorites The onion @the_onion 10 feb.

American Voices: Report: Charles Manson’s Fiance Was Using Him For Corpse http://goo.gl/fb/jNmd2O 1 Retweet 1 favorites Warren Holstein @WarrenHolstein 10

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feb.

Charles Manson fiancé was using him just to obtain his corpse. She really is his soulmate.

0 Retweet 14 favorites Tw'Out Loud ツ @TwOutLoud 10 feb.

AHe was already dead to me. Q@TheOnion: Charles Manson’s Fiance Was Using Him For Corpse #WhatDoYouThink?

0 Retweet 0 favorites Gangsta News @Gangsta_News 10 feb.

American Voices Report Charles Manson’s Fiance Was Usin Him For #corpse http://j.mp/1AhMISO #CharlesManson 0 Retweet 0 favorites THE CONNET @THEAlleyeceeing 10 feb.

Manson wedding off cuz….his fiance just wanted his corpse for display @byroncrawford http://ind.pn/16Lfhw2 I 2 Retweets 2 favorites Lazaro Gonzalez @lazarogonzale 10 feb.

Book: Manson Fiancé Wanted to Pose with His Corpse in Tourist Attraction http://www.breitbart.com/big-hollywood/ 2015/02/09/book-charles-mansonsfiance-wanted-marriage-so-she-coulddisplay-his-corpse-in-tourist-attraction/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Desus Nice @desusnice 9 feb.

WHY I HAVE TRUST ISSUES RT @Independent Manson wedding off after it emerges that his fiance just wanted his corpse 787 Retweets 764 favorites Paul Brightwell @brightwell08 9 feb.

Manson wedding off, seems his fiance planned to display his corpse in a glass case http://ind.pn/16Lfhw2 #romance

0 Retweet 1 favorites john @john_e_horan 9 feb.

Hmmm. Love isn't love when…“Emerges that Manson's fiance just wanted his corpse for display http://ind.pn/16HatHB ” 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dave Dameshek @Dameshek 9 feb.

Chaz Manson's 27-yr-old fiance only wanted him for his swastika-tattooed corpse. Love is dead. http://fox2now.com/2015/02/09/report-stlouis-area-woman-wanted-to-marrycharles-manson-for-his-corpse/…

6 Retweets 8 favorites Miss Anonymous32 @MissAnonymous32 9 feb.

Charles Manson wedding off after it emerges that fiance Afton Elaine Burton 'just wanted his corpse for display' http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/charles-manson-wedding-off-after-itemerges-that-girlfriend-afton-elaineburton-just-wanted-his-corpse-fordisplay-10034793.html…

3 Retweets 3 favorites gwendolyn richards @gwendolynmr 9 feb.

Didn't think it'd get weirder. Was wrong. @Independent Manson wedding off; fiance just wanted his corpse for display http://ind.pn/16HatHB 0 Retweet 0 favorites Josh Gondelman @joshgondelman 9 feb.

Charles Manson's fiance allegedly only wanted him for the value of his corpse, which is the ultimate "liking you for you.

12 Retweets 41 favorites Adi Tantimedh @lookitmoves 9 feb.

My favorite headline for today: "(Charles) Manson wedding off after it emerges that

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his fiance just wanted his corpse for display".

26 Retweets 12 favorites FakeFakeNedYost @Fakefakenedyost 9 feb.

Ruins my #SOTWDeathPool RT @Independent: Manson wedding off after it emerges that his fiance just wanted his corpse. http://ind.pn/16HatHB 0 Retweet 1 favorites Jim Connell @Jim2eet 9 feb.

Manson wedding off after > his fiance just wanted his corpse for display http://ind.pn/16Lfhw2 "And that's the kinda day it's been" -Lloyd 0 Retweet 0 favorites Morgan @k_morgaan 9 feb. “@Independent: Manson wedding off, fiance just wanted his corpse for display http://ind.pn/16HatHB ” excuse me WHAT?!

0 Retweet 0 favorites Ed Brody @chiefbrody1984 9 feb.

Charles Manson's wedding is off as his fiancé wanted him to die so she could make money displaying his corpse.

Worst. Valentines. Ever.

0 Retweet 3 favorites Alex Hosselet @AHosselet 9 feb.

Literally "with them for their body" MT @Independent: Manson wedding off - fiance just wanted his corpse for display 0 Retweet 0 favorites

2015-02-14

THE FINAL MARINES HANDED THEIR WEAPONS OVER TO HOUTHI REBELS The claim was made in a Feb 10 segment on Fox News Channel's "The Kelly File." She reported that "a senior defense official" had confirmed to Fox News that "Marines were directed to turn over their weapons before they were allowed to leave. According to one source the order came from the U.S. State Department."

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.breitbart.com/video/2015/02/ 11/ report-marines-ordered-by-state-dept-to-surrender-weapons-in-us-emb assy-evac-in-yemen/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.breitbart.com/video/2015/02/11/report-marines-orderedby-state-dept-to-surrender-weapons-in-us-embassy-evac-inyemen/

Report: Marines Ordered by State Dept to Surrender Weapons in US Embassy Evac in Yemen

by Jeff Poor11 Feb 2015 In a report that aired on Fox News Channel’s “The Kelly File,” host Megyn Kelly revealed U.S. Marines stationed to guard the U.S. Embassy in Yemen were instructed by the State Department to surrender their weapons to local authorities upon the evacuation of those facilities.

“Late last night, the State Department ordering all personnel in the U.S. embassy in Yemen to pack up and get out,” Kelly explained.

“Last month an Iranian-backed rebel group overthrowing the U.S.backed government — it’s a group which you can see here, is not particularly fond of the United States, as they chant “death to America.” And now they are consolidating power and the security situation for Americans is rapidly deteriorating. Now tonight a senior defense official confirming to Fox News that Marines were directed to turn over their weapons before they were allowed to leave. According to one source the order came from the U.S. State Department. That is generating some serious outrage tonight especially among Marines who are taught from day one never surrender your weapon. At least one Marine telling Fox News, ‘Blank yeah, it pissed me off.’ Pardon me, his term. ‘I’m not giving up my weapon to anyone.’”

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The rumor has been shared 19335 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

DC Dude @DCDude1776 15 feb.

DC Dude a retweeté Samantha Power .@AmbassadorPower The only people who relinquished weapons in #Yemen were US Marines under orders from @StateDept Chris White @chriswhite135 15 feb.

Hey look more lies and misinformation from @megynkelly. In other expected news the sky is blue in many places. http://www.ifyouonlynews.com/videos/ fox-news-disrespects-marines-with-lieabout-weapons-left-behind-in-yemenvideo/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Pfeil @Cowboy__Country 15 feb.

Report: Marines Ordered by State Dept to Surrender Weapons in US Embassy Evac in Yemen - Breitbart http://ln.is/ www.breitbart.com/vi/YOfY8… via @BreitbartNews 1 Retweet 0 favorites Nam Vet™ @VFW_Vet 15 feb.

Fox News Disrespects #Marines With Lie About Weapons Left Behind In Yemen (VIDEO) | If You Only News http://www.ifyouonlynews.com/videos/ fox-news-disrespects-marines-with-lieabout-weapons-left-behind-in-yemenvideo/…

3 Retweets 1 favorites The Observation Man @William53604792 15 feb. http://www.ifyouonlynews.com/videos/ fox-news-disrespects-marines-with-lieabout-weapons-left-behind-in-yemenvideo/… fox news lies again reporting marines surrendered there wepons in

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Yemen evacuation 0 Retweet 0 favorites Beowulf @TheBeowulf 15 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen | 2.13.15 | "This hasty departure has all http://pinterest.com/pin/ 261842165811485245/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites sonia erasmus @soniaerasmus 15 feb.

Allen West Republic shared the following link: http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/… Everyone is missing the point!

0 Retweet 0 favorites ROCKWITHBECK @ROCKWITHBECK 15 feb.

ORDERED BY: @StateDeptSpox Jen Psaki @JohnKerry? >< U.S. Marines in Yemen surrender personal weapons and… http://allenwestrepublic.com/2015/ 02/11/u-s-marines-in-yemensurrender……

1 Retweet 1 favorites Darque @DarqueThoughts 15 feb.

Obama’s State Department Orders Marines To Destroy Their Weapons And Evacuate Yemen UNARMED! http://barracudabrigade.net/obamasstate-department-orders-marines-todestroy-their-weapons-and-evacuateyemen-unarmed/… via @BarracudaMama 1 Retweet 1 favorites Darque @DarqueThoughts 15 feb.

Marines Ordered to Destroy Weapons

While Fleeing US Embassy in Yemen; Obama Broadcasts Everything… http://po.st/ULMsdU via @AllenWest 1 Retweet 1 favorites

#Houthi rebels demonstrate US policy failures http://www.aei.org/publication/ americas-yemen-policy-failing/…

2 Retweets 1 favorites

Norsu @Norsu2 15 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/… Omama disaster in chief #tcot #p2 8 Retweets 1 favorites

Tom Cunnally @TomCunnally 15 feb.

Ex-Marines angry over reports on guards’ weapons in Yemen embassy http://bit.ly/1zgjnns via @washtimes 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Sam Riddle @KnucklDraginSam 15 feb.

Ex-Marines angry over reports on guards’ weapons in Yemen http://bit.ly/ 1Ddc4U1 Military Personnel should be weary of current Com In Chief!

8 Retweets 5 favorites Sam Riddle @KnucklDraginSam 15 feb.

Ex-Marines angry over reports on guards’ weapons in Yemen embassy http://bit.ly/1zWtnGq I'd be mad as hell too! USS Iwo Jima was on station 10 Retweets 4 favorites Tx_Laney @Babbsgirl2 15 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/… via @DailyCaller 3 Retweets 2 favorites Offstumped Report @offstumped 15 feb.

US Marines Ditched Weapons In Yemen http://www.niticentral.com/offstumped#3048 1 Retweet 0 favorites AEI Foreign Policy @AEIfdp 15 feb.

Suspended #Yemen operations & reports of seized US Marines’ weapons by

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Political Pirate @PoliticPirate 15 feb.

Fox News Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://j.mp/ 1CkvKQu #americanembassy #foxnews 1 Retweet 0 favorites js (not Sykes-Picot) @randomrid2 15 feb.

Amid Evacuation From Embassy in Yemen, USMarines Destroy Their Weapons w/Sledgehammers?http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2015/02/ 12/amid-evacuation-from-embassy-inyemen-u-s-marines-had-to-leave-somevery-important-equipmentbehind/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium= story&utm_campaign=ShareButtons… via @theblaze #Copenhagen 0 Retweet 0 favorites Frieda-Freedom-Frog @jamianne1 15 feb.

I heard this on the Friday 13th Feb. 2015 broadcast of the The Mark Levin Show.

Mark specifically mentioned… http://fb.me/6FhfwGyzt 0 Retweet 0 favorites Frieda-Freedom-Frog @jamianne1 15 feb.

"Sanaa’s airport as US personnel left the country and confiscated weapons from departing US Marines. If this is… http://fb.me/6u9ZGsAEu 0 Retweet 0 favorites

is still making rounds. Folks, stop reposting.

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Ira Geiger @geigernet 15 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy in Yemen; Obama broadcasts everything he’s… http://po.st/7IFy1R 0 Retweet 0 favorites Seal TheUSborder NOW @SealTheUSBorder 15 feb.

[Watch] Marines In Yemen Forced By U.S. Govt To Surrender Their Weapons In Victory For Valerie Jarrets Home… http://fb.me/3jDIxspME 6 Retweets 2 favorites Ben Harrison @BenHarr28663548 15 feb.

Yemen Falls Apart: Marines Forced to Destroy Weapons, U.S. Embassy Evacuated, Al Qaeda Seizes Military Base http://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/ 2015/02/12/yemen-falls-apart-usembassy-evacuated-al-qaeda-seizesmilitary-base-n1956494…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Ben Harrison @BenHarr28663548 15 feb.

UPDATE: Marine Corps Says Crew Served Weapons Destroyed at Embassy http://insider.foxnews.com/2015/02/11/ rpt-marines-ordered-turn-over-weaponsduring-yemen-evacuation…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Homunculus @HomunculusLoikm 15 feb. @fijilove71 spare me sir. Obama strands 300 Marines in Iraq, our military leaves weapons & vehicles while retreating from Yemen; he's a fool 4 Retweets 3 favorites Ed Luna @EdLuna 15 feb.

A debunked @FoxNews report about Marines surrendering weapons in Yemen

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dcal4570 @dcal4570 15 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/… via @dailycaller the Commander in chief ordered them out.

0 Retweet 0 favorites Stacey Dunn @dunnclan 15 feb.

Fox News Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://shar.es/1oMkmz via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 favorites Diana O'Hara╰ ☆ ╮ @Diana236 15 feb.

One of the most embarrassing episodes in US Marine Security Guard history ♡ http://allenbwest.com/2015/02/marinesordered-destroy-weapons-fleeing-usembassy-yemen-obama-broadcastseverything-hes-not-going-isis/…

2 Retweets 0 favorites FURI @FURIUSA 14 feb.

Yemen Iran-backed Shi’ite jihadis seize US Embassy vehicles, won’t let departing Marines take their weapons with them http://www.jihadwatch.org/2015/02/ yemen-iran-backed-shiite-jihadis-seizeus-embassy-vehicles-wont-let-departingmarines-take-their-weapons-with-them…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Brandon Charters @B_Charters 14 feb. “@RallyPoint CEO @yinonw in @WashTimes speaks on the destruction of @USMC weapons in Yemen" http://rly.pt/ marines-yemen http://twitter.com/RallyPoint/status/566695895316459521/photo/1pic.twitter.com/p5hCK7JvjT ”

0 Retweet 0 favorites Texas Cruz'n @TexasCruzn 14 feb.

Barracuda Brigade | Obama’s State Department Orders Marines To Destroy Their Weapons And Evacuate Yemen UNARMED! http://j.mp/1EjOH8f 6 Retweets 2 favorites Swampus Maximus @swampusmaximus 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen | The Daily Caller http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

marines-yemen 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jan Pleasants @Jantxnc 14 feb.

‘Maddening’ Obama State Department ordered Marines to surrender weapons after evacuating Yemen embassy http://po.st/DWYwgG 2 Retweets 1 favorites Mary Forbes @MaryForbes14 14 feb.

And By 'Hidden' They Mean Cover-Up: The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://trib.al/9HB3yHg via @DailyCaller 12 Retweets 5 favorites

Stephani Scruggs @StephaniScruggs 14 feb.

John Kerry & Barack Obama play Mother May I with ISIS. Faceplant. They're US MARINES - you don't 'ask' you go… http://fb.me/2oYuO9TgW 0 Retweet 2 favorites

Mona @randomnessIsIs 14 feb. https://www.facebook.com/ video.php?v=667441900044604&fref=nf … Pete Hegseth explains why the optics of U.S. Marines leaving Yemen with no weapons and tails tucked between….

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Manel Gallart DUI @lafigamatia 14 feb.

L'Escala, Cataluña" The US Marines surrender weapons and vehicles while withdraw from Yemen. http://m.military.com/daily-news/2015/02/ 11/marines-surrender-weapons-beforeyemen-evacuation.html…

1 Retweet 0 favorites

jim @weneedrubio 14 feb.

This was a planned ad campaign for ISIS by our state dep. This will recruit 10's of 1000's to ISIS. http://dailycaller.com/ 2015/02/13/marines-weapons-yemen/… via @dailycaller 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Manel Gallart DUI @lafigamatia 14 feb.

L'Escala, Cataluña" Els #Marines dels EE.UU rendeixen armes i vehicles i es retiren del Iemen. http://m.military.com/daily-news/2015/02/ 11/marines-surrender-weapons-beforeyemen-evacuation.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Renaud Sarda @scotfella 14 feb.

Scotfella: #US #Marines Surrender Weapons Before #Yemen Evacuation. #tcot #ISIS #Iraq #Iran #Syria #Saudi http://scotfelladirectimpact.blogspot.co.uk/2015/02/usmarines-surrender-weaponsbefore.html?m=1…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

RallyPoint @RallyPoint 14 feb.

Hear #RallyPoint CEO Yinon Weiss’ take on the destruction of U.S. #Marines’ weapons in #Yemen: http://rly.pt/

PAPhotog @paphotog 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/

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marines-weapons-yemen/… something smells bad about this whole thing 1 Retweet 0 favorites Rivet Heretic @rivetheretic 14 feb.

Fox News Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen | Crooks and Liars http://crooksandliars.com/2015/02/ fox-news-lies-about-marines-leaving…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Dr. Jake Baker @DrJakeBaker 14 feb.

Everyone's Missing The Real Issue - The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://www.right180.com/ 13213.asp?s=6642#.VNCK_3jbQ4.twitter…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Sam Riddle @KnucklDraginSam 14 feb.

‘Maddening’ Obama State Department ordered Marines to surrender weapons http://po.st/IzKgoF USS Iwo Jima was standing by to evac marines!

0 Retweet 0 favorites KeelsUS @KeelsUS 14 feb. #Marines angry over @StateDept betrayal in #Yemen embassy http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/ 2015/feb/12/ex-marines-angry-overreports-guards-weapons-yemen/… @fredwimpy @mjgranger1 @GreatfulDane5 @tracieeeeee #VETS 17 Retweets 6 favorites DelcoGal @DelcoGal 14 feb.

HEY JOHN KERRY! DISGRACEFUL! Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://dailycaller.com/ 2015/02/13/marines-weapons-yemen/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Barracuda Brigade @BarracudaMama 14 feb.

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@AllenWestRepub US Marines in Yemen surrender personal weapons and rebels seize US vehicles… http://j.mp/ 1E3TFG9 http://fb.me/3E838XU3O 0 Retweet 1 favorites RobinTSmith @robints 13 feb.

US Marines in Yemen Forced to Surrender Their Weapons! http://thewillcountynews.com/?p=3181 0 Retweet 0 favorites Paul Sutliff @IndependntChron 13 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy in Yemen; Obama broadcasts everything he’s… http://po.st/Sm4m9r @AllenWest 1 Retweet 0 favorites Vicki Roman @VickiRoman2 13 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind #Marines Ditching #Weapons In #Yemen http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/… via @dailycaller 0 Retweet 0 favorites EvenSo @evensobasic 13 feb.

Yemen:Iran-backed Shi’ite jihadis seize US Embassy vehicles, won’t let departing Marines take their weapons with them http://www.jihadwatch.org/2015/02/ yemen-iran-backed-shiite-jihadis-seizeus-embassy-vehicles-wont-let-departingmarines-take-their-weapons-with-them…

0 Retweet 0 favorites BER @theBERzone 13 feb.

A Slap in the Face – Marines Ordered to Destroy their Weapons as the Yemen Embassy is Surrendered http://eepurl.com/bd-M69 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dionisio Lopez @thetrueoorah 13 feb. @DayontheDay: #Marines #Yemen A day of tragically epic proportions for our

country at the hands of #Democrats. http://therightscoop.com/centcomoutraged-at-state-dept-for-orderingmarines-to-destroy-their-weaponsduring-yemen-evacuation/… #tcot 1 Retweet 1 favorites

12/maddening-obama-state-departmentordered-marines-to-surrender-weaponsafter-evacuating-yemenembassy-179089…

7 Retweets 3 favorites

Yemen News Links @dlyemennews 13 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen: Geoffrey Ingersoll graduated from Penn State with a… http://binged.it/1KUxk1Z 0 Retweet 0 favorites Zhivago of Tookland @raywatts 13 feb. #tcot The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://j.mp/ 1JaO7Aq 0 Retweet 0 favorites News View Colorado @NewsViewDenver 13 feb.

Report: Marines Ordered by State Dept to Surrender Weapons in US Embassy Evac in Yemen - Breitbart http://fb.me/ 7eRGJUTM8 0 Retweet 0 favorites AnnetteGreco Meisner @Annette_Meisner 13 feb.

2-13-15 Allen West of Florida against approving Obama's plan to war with Isis as it will fail. http://allenbwest.com/2015/02/ marines-ordered-destroy-weaponsfleeing-us-embassy-yemen-obamabroadcasts-everything-hes-not-goingisis/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Jimmy Murphy @JimmyCoyoteLoco 13 feb.

‘Maddening’ Obama State Department ordered Marines to surrender weapons after evacuating Yemen embassy http://www.bizpacreview.com/2015/02/

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Jim Wright @jimwrob64 13 feb.

Outrageous: Obama Orders Marines to Destroy Their Weapons and Evacuate Yemen Unarmed! http://defund.com/ outrageous-obama-orders-marines-todestroy-their-weapons-and-evacuateyemen-unarmed/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites Ariela Paul @pereira_ariela 13 feb.

Allen West: Obama Broadcasts Everything He's Not Going To Do Against ISIS! #TeamBossyGals http://allenbwest.com/ 2015/02/marines-ordered-destroyweapons-fleeing-us-embassy-yemenobama-broadcasts-everything-hes-notgoing-isis/…

10 Retweets 3 favorites JUDITH MILLSTEAD @ARTSYJUDITH 13 feb.

Fox News Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://ln.is/ crooksandliars.com/2/fFYJs… via @sharethis 5 Retweets 2 favorites Paratisi @Paratisi 13 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy in Yemen; Clown Boy broadcasts everything he’s NOT go… http://ln.is/allenbwest.com/ 2015/B4Ooy… 4 Retweets 1 favorites MariaB @Nolanelle 13 feb.

Hidden issuesW/Marines HASTYditchYemen!Investigate ths-WHOput thse troops in such vulnerable situation? http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/…. @House-

GOP 0 Retweet 0 favorites Yemen News Links @dlyemennews 13 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen: Geoffrey Ingersoll graduated from Penn State with a… http://binged.it/1yyHlsZ 0 Retweet 0 favorites 14 feb.

Another item in Pres Selfie-Stick O's legacy - Full retreat http://bit.ly/1DrjcL6 Transforming our nation, indeed, into losers.

1 Retweet 0 favorites Barracuda Brigade @BarracudaMama 14 feb.

Barracuda Brigade | Obama’s State Department Orders Marines To Destroy Their Weapons And Evacuate Yemen UNARMED! http://ln.is/htl.li/VMYro 6 Retweets 3 favorites Conservative Haven @ConservativeHav 14 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy in Yemen @AllenWest http://allenbwest.com/2015/ 02/marines-ordered-destroy-weaponsfleeing-us-embassy-yemen-obamabroadcasts-everything-hes-not-goingisis/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites The Briefing Room @GOPBriefingRoom 14 feb. #News The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen: The Daily Caller - http://dailycaller… http://bit.ly/174TzTW #TCOT 1 Retweet 0 favorites IPayMyJizyaWith.357 @SonofLiberty357 14 feb.

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DailyCaller: The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://trib.al/9HB3yHg 0 Retweet 0 favorites Conservative Chick @NaughtyBeyotch 14 feb.

Obama’s State Department Orders Marines To Destroy Their Weapons And Evacuate Yemen UNARMED! http://ow.ly/IZORH http://fb.me/ 1YjqGuqrA 5 Retweets 0 favorites Barracuda Brigade @ArcticFox2016 14 feb. @AllenWestRepub US Marines in Yemen surrender personal weapons and rebels seize US vehicles… http://buff.ly/ 1E3TFG4 http://fb.me/6qCaHK80U 3 Retweets 0 favorites Seyvam @seyvam 14 feb. #Obamollah : Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy in Yemen http://po.st/x4LcPl 0 Retweet 0 favorites Eli Ringringoeloe @Elimelech_Ring 14 feb.

Yemen: Iran-backed Shi'ite jihadis seize US Embassy vehicles, won't let departing Marines take their weapons with… http://fb.me/3FDeYRa5r 0 Retweet 0 favorites Political Pirate @PoliticPirate 14 feb.

Fox News Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://j.mp/ 1CkvKQu #americanembassy #foxnews 0 Retweet 0 favorites Goblin @nyakasanga 14 feb. #US #Marines Surrender Weapons in Yemen Evacuation #Somalia now #Yemen. Stop #khat http://m.military.com/daily-news/2015/02/

11/marines-surrender-weapons-beforeyemen-evacuation.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Yemen News Links @dlyemennews 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen: Geoffrey Ingersoll graduated from Penn State with a… http://binged.it/19gVciJ 0 Retweet 0 favorites Audree S @asnowrose 14 feb.

Marines ordered destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy nYemen; Obama everything he’s not going to do against ISIS http://bit.ly/1DqBxYF 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dawn Morgan @Dawn_R_Morgan 14 feb.

Marines following orders, after being trained never to give up their weapons http://conservativetribune.com/obamaorder-marines-yemen/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites THE GUN WIRE® BLOG @thegunwire 14 feb.

Marines Hand Over Weapons Before Leaving Yemen http://thegunwire.tw/ 1Cro9j3 1 Retweet 0 favorites Cookie Bruno Ousley @Cookiebruno 14 feb. Surprise, AZ" The Marines made quick exit from Yemen as terrorists took over..Ordered to surrender their weapons http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/ Yemen-withdrawal-Marines-surrender/ 2015/02/11/id/624286/… @TheBoxThatRoxx 1 Retweet 0 favorites Shawn Steel @shawnsteel1 14 feb. #Marines Surrender Weapons Before

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#Yemen Evacuation #Obama's America Tomorrow #Ukraine? http://m.military.com/daily-news/2015/02/ 11/marines-surrender-weapons-beforeyemen-evacuation.html…

17 Retweets 8 favorites Premo Mondone @RedStateRadio 14 feb.

This administration is lying like a dog again. Things simply don't add up at all…. http://fb.me/43Fwm3XoT 0 Retweet 0 favorites Premo Mondone @RedStateRadio 14 feb.

This administration is lying like a dog again. Things simply don't add up at all…. http://fb.me/3TfZXPjVn 0 Retweet 0 favorites Premo Mondone @RedStateRadio 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen | The Daily Caller http://redstatetalkradio.com/redstatewp/ the-hidden-issue-behind-marinesditching-weapons-in-yemen-the-dailycaller/… via @RedStateTwnhall #tcot #talkradio 0 Retweet 0 favorites Georgine Kratzer @gwoodkratzer 14 feb.

Marines Surrender Weapons Before Yemen Evacuation | http://Military.com http://mil-com.me/1D7cYkZ via @Militarydotcom 0 Retweet 0 favorites Charles Ely 1@sfreedom 14 feb.

Yemen’s Iran-Backed Jihadis Seize U.S. Marines’ Weapons http://sonsoflibertymedia.com/2015/02/ yemens-iran-backed-jihadis-seize-u-smarines-weapons/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Yemen News Links @dlyemennews 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen: Geoffrey Ingersoll graduated from Penn State with a… http://binged.it/1yzOI3k 0 Retweet 0 favorites Tea Party Crusaders @SantoLippo_ 14 feb.

[VIDEO] Yemen Falls Apart: Marines Forced to Destroy Weapons, U.S. Embassy Evacuated, Al Qaeda Seizes Military… http://fb.me/4btIvvHLe 1 Retweet 1 favorites JourneysNonnie @JourneysNonnie 14 feb.

Marines Told To Surrender Their Weapons Before Evacuating Yemen ⋆ UFP NEWS http://fb.me/3BOnjW2dA 0 Retweet 0 favorites Norma Ramos @amronsomar 14 feb.

Marines ‘smashed’ weapons before evacuating US embassy in Yemen — State dept requesting they return them HAHA http://rt.com/news/231471-usembassy-yemen-weapons/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Norma Ramos @amronsomar 14 feb.

Marines In Yemen Forced By U.S. Govt To Surrender Their Weapons In Victory For Valerie Jarrets Home Nation of Iran http://gopthedailydose.com/2015/02/11/ marines-in-yemen-forced-by-u-s-govt-tosurrender-their-weapons-in-victory-forvalerie-jarrets-home-nation-of-iran/…

3 Retweets 1 favorites Georga Grivois @Georga2012 14 feb. #MegynKelly of #FoxNews Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://shar.es/1oV3eT via @sharethis

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2 Retweets 1 favorites My Name Is Earl @TheBossman102 14 feb.

Right out of the script from "Stripes". US Marines ordered to hand over weapons to the enemy. http://www.breitbart.com/ video/2015/02/11/report-marinesordered-by-state-dept-to-surrenderweapons-in-us-embassy-evac-inyemen/… h/t @Morlen4Distrct1 1 Retweet 0 favorites Patricia Morlen @Morlen4Distrct1 14 feb.

Report: Marines Ordered by State Dept to Surrender Weapons in US Embassy Evac in Yemen - Breitbart http://www.breitbart.com/video/2015/02/ 11/report-marines-ordered-by-state-deptto-surrender-weapons-in-us-embassyevac-in-yemen/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Richard Oberlander @rtoberl 14 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing US embassy in Yemen; Obama broadcasts everything he’s… http://po.st/u4PdOD 0 Retweet 0 favorites tom demetrion @aristotle52 14 feb.

Obama State Department cowers in fear again and ordered Marines to surrender weapons after evacuating Yemen embassy http://po.st/HrAinN 0 Retweet 0 favorites NelloKing @NelloKing 14 feb.

UPDATE: Marine Corps Says Crew Served Weapons Destroyed at Embassy http://insider.foxnews.com/2015/02/11/ rpt-marines-ordered-turn-over-weaponsduring-yemen-evacuation…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Marianne ‫@آرزو‬Mwforhr 14 feb.

Col Warren "…Weapons are generally not authorized on commercial aircraft" http://news.yahoo.com/us-marineshanded-over-guns-leavingyemen-204547431.html?soc_src=media contentsharebuttons&soc_trk=tw… #Yemen 0 Retweet 0 favorites Barracuda Brigade @ArcticFox2016 14 feb.

Obama’s State Department Orders Marines To Destroy Their Weapons And Evacuate Yemen UNARMED! http://buff.ly/16W69V0 http://fb.me/ 1CeVQSK0k 2 Retweets 0 favorites Michael Pryor @mikescottpryor 14 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons fleeing US embassy in Yemen; Obama broadcasts everything he’s… http://po.st/ T0kkpd via @AllenWest 0 Retweet 0 favorites SFDB @sfdb 14 feb.

Shocking. MT @TheBaxterBean: @FoxNews Caught Lying About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://crooksandliars.com/2015/02/foxnews-lies-about-marines-leaving…

0 Retweet 0 favorites RCN @rtbpack 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen via @DailyCaller http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Gringo Suave 2009@superglide 14 feb.

Marines destroyed their weapons as they exited Yemen. @dave_usmc @PolitiBunny @SHannitysHair #TCOT http://m.military.com/daily-news/2015/02/

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12/marines-destroyed-all-weapons-inyemen-evacuation.html…

3 Retweets 3 favorites Charles Kienast @crkienast 14 feb.

[Watch] Marines In Yemen Forced By U.S. Govt To Surrender Their Weapons In Victory For Valerie Jarrets Home Nation… http://gopthedailydose.com/2015/ 02/11/marines-in-yemen-forced-by-u-sgovt-to-surrender-their-weapons-invictory-for-valerie-jarrets-home-nation-ofiran/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites solomon grundy @solomongrundy6 14 feb.

Report: Marines Ordered by State Dept to Surrender Weapons in US Embassy Evac in Yemen - Breitbart http://bit.ly/ 1EcDAO6 via @BreitbartNews 0 Retweet 1 favorites BeautifulMsMia @BeautifulMsMia 14 feb.

RT @AllenWest: Did u hear what our Marines in #Yemen were forced 2 do as the embassy was evacuated?Unbelievable http://bit.ly/16XOk81 #tcot 0 Retweet 0 favorites nonsumdignus @nonsumdignus 14 feb. #Marines ordered2destroy weapons whilefleeingUSembassy in #Yemen; #Obama broadcasts everything he’s… http://po.st/4snOLU via @AllenWest 0 Retweet 0 favorites Yemen News Links @dlyemennews 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen: Geoffrey Ingersoll graduated from Penn State with a… http://binged.it/1yzdgth 0 Retweet 0 favorites

William L. Savastano @WSavastano 14 feb.

It’s Not That Our Marines Surrendered Weapons To The Houthi Rebels In Yemen…It's That They Left Yemen Unprotected! http://ow.ly/J15Ga 0 Retweet 0 favorites Brian Childers @Destroyer1376 14 feb.

This administration is sorely lacking in foresight and understanding the environment around them. How could they,… http://fb.me/3vxNGN4Ok 0 Retweet 0 favorites anthony zumpano @tonyzump 14 feb.

The Hidden Issue Behind Marines Ditching Weapons In Yemen http://dailycaller.com/2015/02/13/ marines-weapons-yemen/… via @dailycaller 1 Retweet 0 favorites Justin @liberalnyer1 14 feb. #FoxNews Lies About Marines Leaving Weapons Behind In Yemen http://shar.es/1oSQi1 via @sharethis #UniteBlue #libcrib #p2 2 Retweets 0 favorites Nathan Burrows @n8burrows 14 feb. @StrokerAceKid Did you see the "correction" article? It says they destroyed all weapons under order. http://m.military.com/daily-news/2015/02/ 12/marines-destroyed-all-weapons-inyemenevacuation.html?comp=7000023435630&rank= 7…

0 Retweet 0 favorites DAN BRIGGS @S10MD3141592ne 14 feb.

UPDATE: Marine Corps Says Crew

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Served Weapons Destroyed at Embassy http://insider.foxnews.com/2015/02/11/ rpt-marines-ordered-turn-over-weaponsduring-yemen-evacuation…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Liberty Bell 100 @LibertyBell1000 14 feb.

Marines ordered to destroy weapons while fleeing embassy in Yemen; BHO broadcasts everything he’s… http://ln.is/ allenbwest.com/2015/pPDt2… via @AllenWest 3 Retweets 2 favorites Bizboro @bizboro 14 feb.

Tell Me This Isn't So. Our Marines are taught to never hand over their weapons, ever, and such an order to do so… http://fb.me/1TchQiVbS 0 Retweet 0 favorites Thomas @tampabaybucsfan 14 feb. .@FoxNews lies about Marines leaving weapons behind in #Yemen http://bit.ly/ 1FIV8mn 7 Retweets 1 favorites mariefracoppola @careerspecialis 14 feb.

Allen West on Marine destroy weapons & Obama's strategy http://allenbwest.com/2015/02/marinesordered-destroy-weapons-fleeing-usembassy-yemen-obama-broadcastseverything-hes-not-going-isis/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Fran Montgomery @FranMontgomery1 14 feb.

‘Maddening’ Obama State Department ordered Marines to surrender weapons after evacuating Yemen embassy http://po.st/fvvFQO patriotupdate 0 Retweet 0 favorites Conservative Chick @NaughtyBey-

otch 14 feb.

Obamaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s State Department Orders Marines To Destroy Their Weapons And Evacuate Yemen UNARMED! http://buff.ly/16W6bfQ http://fb.me/ 21dgnoPao 3 Retweets 1 favorites Steve Balich @sbalich

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2015-02-18

ISIS IS HARVESTING AND SELLING HUMAN ORGANS TO HELP FUND ITS OPERATIONS The claim first surfaced in December 2014, but gained new interest on Feb. 18 when the Iraqi ambassador asked the U.N to investigate claims that ISIS is harvesting organs. The organs allegation was first made in a Dec. 5 report from AL Monitor. It cited Siruwan al-Mosuli, an Iraqi ear, nose and throat physician, as its source. It was claimed that "Arab and foreign surgeons were hired [to do the harvesting], but prohibited from mixing with local doctors." Then, on Feb. 18, Ambassador Mohamed Alhakim told the U.N. that the Iraqi government has found dead bodies with telltale surgical incisions. "We have bodies. Come and examine them," he said. "It is clear they are missing certain parts."

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

91

Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/ 2014/12/ islamic-state-financing-funding-human-trafficking-extortion.html# Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/12/islamic-statefinancing-funding-human-trafficking-extortion.html#

Islamic State reaps profits from organ trafficking Nassir al-Hassoun Posted December 5, 2014 According to data, there are two funding sources: internal and external. The latter includes a wide variety of funding schemes, including through medical facilities, oil and human trafficking mafias. According to sources in Mosul, the money supplied internally is allocated to local and foreign fighters, to encourage them to join up and continue fighting. IS took control of Mosul in June and then expanded in August to control large swaths of the country.

Residents of Mosul say that the sale of oil extracted from wells controlled by the organization in both Iraq and Syria has provided a sustained source of funding. The organization also opened trade canals through Kurdish [territories in] Iraq and Turkey, with the help of Kurdish, Turkish and Iranian traders.

In addition to oil sales, a secondary source of funding stems from the imposition of royalties on residents in IS territories. Members of the organization collect 50,000 dinars [$41.60] from each family as service and protection fees. The amount doubles for families whose sons did not join IS. One of the prominent tribal figures in Nineveh province, Sheikh Mohammad Abu Thayyab, said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;The IS gangs imposed 50,000 dinars worth of royalties on every family if one of their sons did not join these terrorists.â&#x20AC;?

Sources in the city say that oil prices have skyrocketed. The price of gas tanks used for cooking has reached 75,000 dinars, [about $62] while coal oil is sold at 5,000 dinars a liter [$4.16]. Meanwhile, the price of food has quadrupled.

The third funding source was exposed by otolaryngologist

92

Siruwan al-Mosuli. He said that lately he noticed unusual movement within medical facilities in Mosul. Arab and foreign surgeons were hired, but prohibited from mixing with local doctors. Information then leaked about organ selling. Surgeries take place within a hospital and organs are quickly transported through networks specialized in trafficking human organs. Mosuli said that the organs come from fallen fighters who were quickly transported to the hospital, injured people who were abandoned or individuals who were kidnapped.

He said that organ sales yield large profits. A specialized mafia is engaged in these operations, in addition to medical institutions working in other countries. Without coordination among these parties, such a trade cannot be sustained, he said. According to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the organization sells bodies and organs of injured people they arrest.

The fourth source of funding is transforming the city of Nineveh, adjacent to Turkish borders, into a new center for drug trafficking.

The Russian Federal Drug Control Service said IS was gaining significant revenues by smuggling and marketing Afghan heroin, which is sent from Iraq to Europe. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The large-scale movement of Afghan heroin acts as an ongoing financial base, aiding the functioning of the Islamic State, which secures huge profits by providing half of the total heroin supplied to Europe via destabilized Iraq and some African countries,â&#x20AC;? the Russian body said in a statement.

For its part, the Times of London exposed a human trafficking network established by IS in Mosul, where women and children were sold for money. This also constitutes a funding source for the fighters. According to the newspaper, women and children of Yazidi, Christian and other minority backgrounds are also sold through a networking hub in Syriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Raqqa.

A report by OHCHR confirmed that more than 25,000 women and children have been imprisoned, sexually violated and sold by IS. The sixth funding source is human smuggling rings, especially for families who wish to emigrate to other countries. One family reached Turkey after reportedly paying $8,000 for each individual that escaped.

Livestock seized by IS during the occupation of Yazidi, Turkmen and Shiite villages has also been smuggled. According to Ali Abdel Razzak, the majority of the residents in these villages worked in large-scale livestock ranching. So far it has not been established how much IS members seized as spoils of war when 93

the villagers fled.

When it comes to foreign funding, the organization has developed schemes that are difficult to uncover, despite intensive local and international monitoring. One such method, however, uses established trading routes. The organization has networks tasked with collecting donations from wealthy individuals under the pretext of supporting jihad. According to some sources in the trading industry, products are sold in the markets in IS at lower prices than within the countries of origin, a discrepancy that points toward money laundering.

The rumor has been shared 30732 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

AnonLatestNews @AnonLatestNews2 19 feb.

B4INBlogging @B4INBlogging 19 feb.

Iraqi Diplomat Says ISIS Harvesting Organs to Help Finance Terror Operations http://b4in.com/jKqF 0 Retweet 1 favorites Lorie Johnson @LorieCBN 19 feb. #ISIS forcing doctors to participate in #Barbary or die. Shocking new demonstration of evil. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2958220/UN-urged-investigate-ISISs-bloody-trade-human-organs-Iraqiambassador-reveals-doctors-executednot-harvesting-body-parts.html…

1 Retweet 2 favorites HNGN @HNGNcom 19 feb.

ISIS: Terror Group Suspected of Harvesting Human Organs and Selling Them to Support Their Cause http://bit.ly/1Lifyps 1 Retweet 0 favorites Rawan Shamayleh @yasmeeneh 19 feb.

"@KarnieSharp: Islamic State Accused Of Harvesting Human Organs To Finance Reign Of Terror http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/02/ 18/isis-accused-harvesting-humanorgans-finance-reignterror_n_6705912.html… via @HuffPostUK" 0 Retweet 0 favorites Breaking911 @Breaking911 19 feb.

ISIS Harvesting Victim's Organs, Executing Doctors Who Refuse To Perform Operations - http://bit.ly/1Brkg2q 57 Retweets 11 favorites Say No To GOP @SayNoToGOP 19 feb.

Just when you thought ISIS couldn’t get any worse, they’re allegedly harvesting organs now - Hot Air http://hotair.com/ archives/2015/02/18/just-when-youthought-isis-couldnt-get-any-worsetheyre-allegedly-harvesting-organsnow/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites Christian Rhoades @RhoaChri 19 feb.

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ISIS might be harvesting organs, Iraq tells UN http://fb.me/7ecP3Pi6N 1 Retweet 0 favorites

31 Retweets 18 favorites

nguyenjustin @nguyenjustin 19 feb. #@CNN: The @UN is investigating claims that #ISIS is harvesting organs from the dead and selling them on the black… http://www.justin.mobi/?p=99473 0 Retweet 0 favorites aussie @BELIMBLA4 19 feb. #auspol Iraq U.N. ambassador accuses ISIS of harvesting organs http://ln.is/ ara.tv/obPMe via @AlArabiya_Eng 0 Retweet 0 favorites Boston Gregg? @Bostonofgregg 19 feb.

ISIS has allegedly been harvesting organs from slain civilians in Iraq for profit.

I don't even have a joke for that. Straight up awful.

0 Retweet 11 favorites

Haidar Sumeri @IraqiSecurity 19 feb. #ISIS might be harvesting organs, #Iraq envoy to #UN, @AmbAlhakim, says http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-islamic-state-harvestingorgans-20150218-story.html…

6 Retweets 3 favorites UCY.TV @UCYTV 19 feb.

Is ISIS Harvesting Organs For Money? In the desert? Wouldn't want any of those organs! http://youtu.be/07vVMmc6DOM http://fb.me/1I2N9gz2N 0 Retweet 0 favorites IslamicInfoCenter @iic 19 feb. #ISIS might be harvesting organs from slain civilians - Las Vegas ReviewJournal http://dlvr.it/8dfHzs #IIC 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Anna Teresa Arnold @HomerWhite 19 feb.

(Great livers!) Iraqi Ambassador: ISIS Is Harvesting Organs To Fund Terror http://shar.es/1Wpxhb #tcot #ccot 1 Retweet 0 favorites

Murray Leismeister @MdlMurray 19 feb.

Barbaric ISIS Burns 45 Alive, Harvesting Organs, Reports Say http://www.charismanews.com/world/ 48364-barbaric-isis-burns-45-aliveharvesting-organs-reports-say…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Lisa Graas ‫@ن‬CatholicLisa 19 feb.

ISIS may be selling organs of slain civilians for profit. http://edition.cnn.com/ 2015/02/18/middleeast/isis-organharvesting-claim/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites

Norman Rayburn @normanrayburn 19 feb.

ISIS Reportedly Harvesting Organs To Finance Terrorism http://fb.me/ 7k6EvhYl5 0 Retweet 0 favorites

`》imagineer °》» @VinceMalumBono 19 feb.

ISIS is harvesting organsISRAEL does the same,coincidence? http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/ dec/21/israeli-pathologists-harvestedorgans… @BSfromPS @Dani4Peace @AbbsWinston @damianjread @tvitin

Bryan Grooms @bgrizzle70 19 feb.

Iraqi Ambassador: ISIS Is Harvesting Organs To Fund Terror | Weasel Zippers http://weaselzippers.us/214577-iraqiambassador-isis-is-harvesting-organs-tofund-terror/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

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Stephen Mansfield @MansfieldWrites 19 feb.

ISIS might be harvesting organs, Iraq tells UN | Fox News http://buff.ly/17ovojg 1 Retweet 2 favorites Rishi Bagree @rishibagree 19 feb.

ISIS harvesting organs, bodies with surgical incisions Missing kidneys & other body parts have been found in mass graves. ~ Iraq tells UN 5 Retweets 1 favorites InHomeland Security @InHomelandBlog 19 feb.

Iraqi Ambassador: ISIS may be Harvesting Human Organs http://inhomelandsecurity.com/iraqiambassador-isis-may-be-harvestinghuman-organs/… #CVESummit 2 Retweets 1 favorites Vision Times @TheVisionTimes 19 feb.

Iraqi Diplomat Says ISIS Harvesting Organs to Help Finance Terror… http://dlvr.it/8dbykt #PeaceandConflict #Iraq 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dale Randolph @PeepNuggets 19 feb.

Signs ISIS Harvesting Body Organs to Finance Their Terror… http://newsbytweet.com/#02-18b 6 Retweets 2 favorites Srikar Reddy @Ac_in_quest 19 feb. .@UN looking into claims that ISIS may be harvesting organs from slain civilians & gaining financial benefits by trafficking body parts.

16 Retweets 3 favorites EADHR @EADHR 19 feb. .@cnn reports that "Iraqi envoy says ISIS may be harvesting victims' organs" | http://ow.ly/Jkw42

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0 Retweet 0 favorites Joe the Plumber @RealJTP 19 feb.

CBS Reports ISIS Harvesting Organs of Captives: What's Your Plan, Obama? http://po.st/sVK27c via @RealJTP 4 Retweets 1 favorites Stephen Stephan @stephenstephan 19 feb.

Iraqi Envoy to UN: ISIS May Be Harvesting Organs of Victims http://ln.is/thegatewaypundit.com/JiHlg… 1 Retweet 3 favorites I'm your Huckleberry @BringTheFlag 19 feb.

Iraqi Ambassador: I--- SIS Is Harvesting Organs To Fund Terror http://shar.es/1WpWw0 5 Retweets 2 favorites ittybittycrenshaw @pal29b 19 feb.

Iraqi Ambassador: ISIS Is Harvesting Organs To Fund Terror | ALSO murdering Dr's who won't perform the removals. http://weaselzippers.us/214577-iraqiambassador-isis-is-harvesting-organs-tofund-terror/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites RSS Indonesia @IndonesiaRSS 19 feb.

CNN: The UN is investigating claims that ISIS may be harvesting organs from slain civilians to traffic the bo… http://bit.ly/ 1z2GNMc 0 Retweet 0 favorites Holyfield67 @Holyfield67 19 feb.

ISIS harvests organs to fund terror: Iraqi ambassador (Yes, I'll take a package of kidneys, 3 hearts & one liver http://nyp.st/ 1BlLnf7 11 Retweets 2 favorites Oliver Douglas @Burgersareon 19

feb.

"At least they're recycling" - some Progressive right now. => ISIS might be harvesting organs http://www.foxnews.com/ world/2015/02/18/isis-might-beharvesting-organs-iraq-tells-un/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Viola™ @dattblaze 19 feb.

ISIS May Be Harvesting Organs From Slain Civilians And Selling The Body Parts: Every few days, it seems as tho… http://bit.ly/1ALivNV 0 Retweet 0 favorites #BringBackOurGirls @NG_DailyNews 19 feb. #NigerianDailyNews ISIS May Be Harvesting Organs From Slain Civilians And Selling The B… http://bit.ly/1ALivNV http://nigerianeye.com 0 Retweet 0 favorites Whisper @BoehlyE 19 feb.

Latest developments in the fight against ISIS http://cnn.it/1AJv0JJ ISIS Harvesting organs? So it's all about $$$$ not god or end of days.

0 Retweet 0 favorites EnGlobal News World @EnGlobalNewsW 19 feb.

Claims of ISIS harvesting human organs for financing: http://youtu.be/ t5-NgTgXPWk?a via @YouTube 1 Retweet 0 favorites Scoop Nigeria @scoopnigeria247 19 feb.

ISIS May Be Harvesting Organs From Slain Civilians And Selling The Body Parts http://wp.me/p2roiR-GZr 0 Retweet 0 favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 19 feb.

UNVERIFIED: #ISIS is harvesting and selling human organs to help fund its op-

97

erations http://buff.ly/1CLXYGq 0 Retweet 0 favorites Owais Asif @owais00 19 feb.

Iraq Amb to UN says IS harvesting organs. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2015/02/18/Iraq-U-Nambassador-accuses-ISIS-of-harvestingorgans.html… #OpDeathEaters 2 Retweets 0 favorites David Smith @DancrDave 19 feb.

Iraqi Ambassador: ISIS Is Harvesting Organs To Fund Terror http://shar.es/ 1WgLph via @WeaselZippers 1 Retweet 0 favorites Mike Bortell @NotchorChips 19 feb. #isisjobs #ISIS Harvesting Victims' Organs to Finance Terror http://www.jewishpress.com/news/ breaking-news/isis-harvesting-victimsorgans-to-finance-terror/2015/02/18/… via @jewishpress 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jazz Shaw @JazzShaw 19 feb.

There was a time when I would have called claims of ISIS harvesting organs paranoid hysteria. Now I pretty much accept that it's true.

11 Retweets 6 favorites Timberline Design @TimberlineD 19 feb.

ISIS Reportedly Harvesting Organs To Finance Terrorism http://po.st/JKOsHI via @jasonmattera 0 Retweet 0 favorites Faith @FreedomChild3 19 feb.

ISIS harvests organs to fund terror: Iraqi ambassador | New York Post-this is how ISIS is funding their terror! http://nypost.com/2015/02/18/isisaccused-of-harvesting-organs-to-fundterror/…

3 Retweets 1 favorites

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Tea @Teaflora 19 feb.

CBS Reports #ISIS Harvesting Organs of Captives: What's Your Plan, @BarackObama? http://po.st/gfGUOE 0 Retweet 0 favorites

WhichApp do u use? @paijwar 19 feb.

Just when you thought ISIS couldn���t get any worse, they���re allegedly harvesting organs now http://hotair.com/archives/2015/02/18/ just-when-you-thought-isis-couldnt-getany-worse-theyre-allegedly-harvestingorgans-now/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

RottDawg @RottDawg 19 feb.

Another post from Karen Peters CBS Reports ISIS Harvesting Organs of Captives: What’s Your Plan, Obama? http://ift.tt/1Bq1ZTh #tcot 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jared Ogden @JaredWOgden 19 feb.

Traditionally the cash crop is poppy- Now ISIS resorts 2 human organ harvesting 2 fuel jihad. http://nypost.com/2015/02/18/ isis-accused-of-harvesting-organs-tofund-terror/…

8 Retweets 7 favorites Georg Heil @Georg_Heil 19 feb.

Islamic State Accused Of Harvesting Human Organs To Finance Reign Of Terror #ISIS http://huff.to/1yXwmt9 via @HuffPostUK 1 Retweet 0 favorites Dr. M. Ali Jadoon @arogantjadoon 19 feb.

Iraq UN ambassador accuses IS of harvesting organs http://tribune.com.pk/story/840866/iraq-un-ambassador-accusesis-of-harvesting-organs/… #Iraq #ISIS 0 Retweet 0 favorites Greg @omargmoney 19 feb.

WTF is this some horror movie? Are these isis terrorist harvesting human organs? Omg http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ news/article-2958220/UN-urgedinvestigate-ISIS-s-bloody-trade-humanorgans-Iraqi-ambassador-revealsdoctors-executed-not-harvesting-bodyparts.html…

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Erica Knight @EKnight05 19 feb.

Ugh "@CNN: @UN investigating claims #ISIS is harvesting organs from the dead & selling them on the black market. http://cnn.it/1MyQoVh " 0 Retweet 0 favorites American Thinker @amthinker 19 feb.

Medical recycling and cutting down on crime the ISIS way: Chopping off limbs and harvesting organs not worthy of… http://dlvr.it/8dSRRl b 4 Retweets 0 favorites NoisyRoom @terresamonroe 19 feb.

Good News, Marie Harf: ISIS Finds Jobs--By Harvesting Organs of its Victims http://www.jammiewf.com/2015/ good-news-isis-finds-jobs-by-harvestingorgans-of-its-victims/… #g8m 1 Retweet 0 favorites diyuL_DiyBer @diyah_innayatus 19 feb.

Iraq U.N. ambassador accuses ISIS of harvesting organs http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2015/02/18/Iraq-U-Nambassador-accuses-ISIS-of-harvestingorgans.html… lewat @AlArabiya_Eng 0 Retweet 0 favorites CNN_zarifmo @World_News_1CNN 19 feb.

ISIS may be harvesting victims' organs…

http://cnn.it/17UY2JY #CNN 0 Retweet 0 favorites RealClearDefense @RCDefense 19 feb.

Rangers Receive Valor Awards, ISIS Harvesting Organs, Info Compromised in Yemen, India's New Nuke Subs and Jim Webb http://goo.gl/23GkXT 3 Retweets 1 favorites Holly Dagres @hdagres 19 feb.

The UN is looking into claims that #ISIS may be harvesting and trafficking organs from slain civilians #Iraq http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/18/middleeast/isis-organ-harvesting-claim/index.html…

2 Retweets 1 favorites Teena Myers @TeenaLMyers 19 feb.

Barbaric ISIS Burns 45 Alive, Harvesting Organs, Reports Say http://shar.es/ 1WgCgp via @charismamag 0 Retweet 0 favorites Lisa Roolant @LisaRoolant 19 feb.

Debate on whether ISIS are harvesting organs to finance more killing. Faith in humanity down a notch. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/middle-east/iraqs-ambassadorurges-un-to-investigate-claims-isis-isharvesting-organs-we-have-bodies--it-isclear-they-are-missing-certainparts-10052758.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Trends Uganda @ugtrendz 19 feb. #t ISIS Might Be Harvesting Organs of victims | http://sco.lt/7IkvOz 0 Retweet 0 favorites IL75 @cwagner75 19 feb.

Now this is sick they need to be dealt with ISIS May Be Harvesting Organs of Victims to Fund Its Operation…

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http://nation.foxnews.com/2015/02/18/ isis-may-be-harvesting-organs-victimsfund-its-operation…

0 Retweet 0 favorites W TV @WtvKe 19 feb.

United Nations investigating claims that militant group ISIS harvesting organs from slain victims #wtvhighlights 0 Retweet 0 favorites Sonia D. Andras @Isoniahtar 19 feb.

FB thinks he's funny. First I see an article about how China is harvesting more organs than ISIS, and the right… http://tsu.co/Sonkido/40817643…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Kim Murphy @kmpossiblemke 19 feb.

Milwaukee, WI" Allegations ISIS harvesting organs from some of the group's victims to sell on Black Market. @fox6wakeup at 5 is on now 0 Retweet 0 favorites Aaron Smith @AaronSmithCNN 19 feb.

Is #ISIS harvesting organs? http://cnn.it/ 1DuzwfH 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jessob Reisbeck @jessob_reisbeck 19 feb.

Harvesting & selling human organs?!

The new barbaric allegations against #ISIS. @fox6wakeup has the latest in 2 mins. http://fox6now.com/live 1 Retweet 0 favorites Sukh Sandhu @SukhSandhu 19 feb.

UN urged to investigate ISIS's bloody trade in human organs http://dailym.ai/ 1E50klP via @MailOnline 193 Retweets 9 favorites HuffPost UK @HuffPostUK 19 feb.

Islamic State accused of harvesting human organs to finance reign of terror http://huff.to/1Ldegfk 9 Retweets 1 favorites Carol Smitsdorff @HippyLoft 19 feb.

Isis deny they are harvesting organs because they are too busy killing http://ind.pn/1LbQroh 0 Retweet 0 favorites Let me break a News @mughalbiz 19 feb.

The United Nations is looking into claims that ISIS may be harvesting organs from slain civilians to traffic t… http://cnn.it/ 1LdSwjC 0 Retweet 0 favorites WhichApp do u use? @paijwar 19 feb.

Just when you thought ISIS couldn���t get any worse, they���re allegedly harvesting organs now http://hotair.com/archives/2015/02/18/ just-when-you-thought-isis-couldnt-getany-worse-theyre-allegedly-harvestingorgans-now/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites The news bundle @thenewsbundle 19 feb. #Iraqi envoy says ISIS may be harvesting victims’ organs.shared on http://www.thenewsbundle.tv/?p=105751 #.VOWvzuZoGLs.twitter…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Kimberly M. Aquilina @KimESTAqui 19 feb. #ISIS: Terror Group Suspected of Harvesting Human Organs and Selling Them to Support Their Cause http://www.hngn.com/articles/70679/ 20150219/isis-terror-group-suspectedharvesting-human-organs-sellingsupport-cause.htm… #trafficking 0 Retweet 0 favorites

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Steve Williams @HISteveWilliams 19 feb.

ISIS might be harvesting organs, Iraqi diplomat says - Nothing is too depraved for these scum: http://shar.es/1Wgawj 0 Retweet 0 favorites Marco Herack @mh120480 19 feb. o_O Iraq Envoy to U.N.: ISIS Might Be Harvesting Organs .. http://time.com/ 3712932/iraq-envoy-to-u-n-isis-might-beharvesting-organs/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Aloha Analytics @Aloha_Analytics 19 feb. #ISIS harvesting body parts http://dailym.ai/1E50klP via @MailOnline #warcrimes 1 Retweet 0 favorites Michael Lee @MichaelLee2009 19 feb.

Like #Israel, #ISIS terrorists accused of Harvesting and Trafficking Human Organs https://uprootedpalestinians.wordpress.c om/2015/02/19/like-israel-isis-terroristsaccused-of-harvesting-and-traffickinghuman-organs/…

7 Retweets 1 favorites Mathieu Hervé @mathieuherve 19 feb.

Nausée. Après le pétrole, Daesh fait dans le trafic d'organes. Conseil de Sécu de l'ONU saisi http://www.businessinsider.com/iraqienvoy-to-un-isis-might-be-harvestingorgans-2015-2?IR=T… 2 Retweets 0 favorites tolu ogunlesi @toluogunlesi 19 feb.

Iraq Govt claims ISIS harvesting victims' organs, selling to Europe. What's interesting is I heard similar wrt Boko Haram last year.

51 Retweets 9 favorites

markaminc @markaminc 19 feb.

Good News: ISIS Finds Jobs… By Harvesting Organs of its Victims | Jammie Wearing Fools http://shar.es/1WfNRm 0 Retweet 0 favorites David Lee Tong @davidleetong 19 feb.

ISIS Might Be Harvesting Organs To Finance Operations http://fb.me/ 1O06at7Ag 0 Retweet 0 favorites Dina Haq @HaqDina 19 feb. #ISIS might be harvesting organs, #Iraq envoy to U.N. says via @chicagotribune http://trib.in/1Du6WLw 0 Retweet 0 favorites Scott D. Young @HeavygearDiver 19 feb.

ISIS Harvesting Organs Of Those Executed #Genieo http://www.westernjournalism.com/isisharvesting-organs-executed/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Vibes Teller @VibesTeller 19 feb.

Evidence That ISIS is Harvesting Victims' Organs for sale before killing them=>http://bit.ly/19xk464 0 Retweet 0 favorites Stevethetiler @TidyTiling 19 feb. http://dailym.ai/1E50klP UN urged to investigate ISIS's bloody trade in human organs after Iraqi ambassador reveals doctors… #MailOnline 0 Retweet 0 favorites Ahssan Advocate @AdvocateAhssan 19 feb.

ISIS's Bloody Trade In Human Organs After Iraqi Diplomat Reveals Doctors Are Being Executed For Not Harvesting… https://plus.google.com/ 101942727518442447074/posts/MA6b-

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hAHTHrY… 0 Retweet 0 favorites

2015-02-24

ISRAEL CAUSED FLOODING IN GAZA BY OPENING RIVER DAMS The Ma'an News Agency reported on Feb. 22 that flooding in Gaza was due to Israel opening dams. "Hundreds of Palestinians were evacuated from their homes Sunday morning after Israeli authorities opened a number of dams near the border, flooding the Gaza Valley in the wake of a recent severe winter storm," it said. Al Jazeera also quoted Brigadier Gerneral Said al Saudi, the head of the civil defense agency in Gaza, saying that the flooding was due to Israel opening dams.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.maannews.com/eng/ ViewDetails.aspx?ID=759549 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=759549

Hundreds of Palestinians flee as Israel opens dams into Gaza Valley Feb. 22, 2015 12:32 P.M. (Updated: Feb. 24, 2015 8:49 P.M.) GAZA CITY (Ma'an) -- Hundreds of Palestinians were evacuated from their homes Sunday morning after Israeli authorities opened a number of dams near the border, flooding the Gaza Valley in the wake of a recent severe winter storm.The Gaza Ministry of Interior said in a statement that civil defense services and teams from the Ministry of Public Works had evacuated more than 80 families from both sides of the Gaza Valley (Wadi Gaza) after their homes flooded as water levels reached more than three meters.Gaza has experienced flooding in recent days amid a major storm that saw temperatures drop and frigid rain pour down. The storm displaced dozens and caused hardship for tens of thousands, including many of the approximately 110,000 Palestinians left homeless by Israel's assault over summer.The suffering is compounded by the fact that Israel has maintained a complete siege over Gaza for the last eight years, severely limiting electricity and the availability of fuel for generators. It has also prevented the displaced from rebuilding their homes, as construction materials are largely banned from entering. Gaza civil defense services spokesman Muhammad al-Midana warned that further harm could be caused if Israel opens up more dams in the area, noting that water is currently flowing at a high speed from the Israel border through the valley and into the Mediterranean sea.Evacuated families have been sent to shelters sponsored by UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, in al-Bureij refugee camp and in al-Zahra neighborhood in the central Gaza Strip. The Gaza Valley (Wadi Gaza) is a wetland located in the central Gaza Strip between alNuseirat refugee camp and al-Moghraqa. It is called HaBesor in Hebrew, and it flows from two streams -- one whose source runs from near Beersheba, and the other from near Hebron.Israeli dams on the river to collect rainwater have dried up the wetlands inside 103

Gaza, and destroyed the only source of surface water in the area.

Locals have continued to use it to dispose of their waste for lack of other ways to do so, however, creating an environmental hazard.This is not the first time Israeli authorities have opened the Gaza Valley dams.In Dec. 2013, Israeli authorities also opened the dams amid heavy flooding in the Gaza Strip. The resulting floods damaged dozens of homes and forces many families in the area from their homes.In 2010, the dams were opened as well, forcing 100 families from their homes. At the time civil defense services said that they had managed to save seven people who had been at risk of drowning.

The rumor has been shared 52147 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Kristin Delfs @kristindelfs 23 feb.

Via @mayana_mayra: #Israel opened a number of dams near the border, flooding #Gaza http://www.maannews.com/ eng/ViewDe759557tails.aspx?ID=… ” 4 Retweets 3 favorites

http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-reallyexist/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Sarah M. Aoun @aounsm 23 feb.

Palestinians evacuated from their homes after #Israel opened a number of dams, flooding #Gaza http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/ gazans-flee-floods-caused-israel-damsopening-150222115950849.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Costa Fotopoulos @CosFot 23 feb. @yates1929 @AbbsWinston The flooding in Gaza occurred because Israel opened a reservoir dam 1 Retweet 2 favorites

Test @undead___dev 23 feb.

[February 23, 2015 at 05:00PM] 'The Floodgates of Bullcrap': Palestinians Blame Israel for Flooding Gaza… By Ope… http://ift.tt/1DdS8Og 0 Retweet 0 favorites Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 23 feb.

The Floodgates of Bullcrap': Palestinians Blame Israel for Flooding Gaza… By Opening Dams that Don't Really Exist

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Estee Hart @EstherH49 23 feb.

Stupid Gazans, you live on the coast, that causes FLOODING>Dam Busted: Palestinian Lie Exposed http://honestreporting.com/dam-bustedpalestinian-lie-exposed/… #Gaza #Israel 2 Retweets 1 favorites ZD @DerboseIsraeli 23 feb.

The Floodgates of Bullcrap': Palestinians Blame Israel for Flooding Gaza…by… http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-really-

exist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons… via @theblaze 0 Retweet 0 favorites Comrade_Chompsky @dravazed 23 feb.

Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding #Gaza Villages http://news.antiwar.com/2015/02/22/ hundreds-displaced-as-israel-opensdam-flooding-gaza-villages/…

3 Retweets 0 favorites DancingwithAngels @DefenderMikhail 23 feb. funniest laugh - man tells me crocodile sanctuary in North Israel is flooding Gaza - WOW! 1 Retweet 1 favorites Paul Seligman @PaulMSeligman 23 feb.

Was recent Gaza flooding caused by Israel opening dam gates, as reported countless times? Arutz Sheva says its a lie: http://ow.ly/JvOJC 0 Retweet 0 favorites bestworldnews @bestworldnewsss 23 feb.

Palestine accuses Israel of opening dams, flooding Gaza, forcing evacuation http://ift.tt/1En3PUD #worldnews 0 Retweet 0 favorites Nadia Nadia @NadezhdaAle 23 feb. #Palestine accuses #Israel of opening dams, flooding Gaza, forcing evacuations http://rt.com/news/234611-israeldam-floodgates-gaza/…

5 Retweets 2 favorites AntiSuperDushIsraeli @NotAntiSemitic 23 feb.

Israel haters. Look at yourself in the mir-

105

ror & say "I just blamed Israel for flooding Gaza with a non-existent dam, WTF is wrong with me?"

48 Retweets 33 favorites hashem help @cnsrvjew 23 feb.

RT@HonestReporting Palestinians Blame #Israel for Flooding #Gaza…by Opening Dams that Don't Really Exist http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-reallyexist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons…/s/ DzCE 0 Retweet 0 favorites Risa Stephanie Bear @risa_s_bear 23 feb.

Israel ‘Opens Dam Gates’ Flooding Gaza: Palestinian Agency http://floodlist.com/asia/israel-opensdam-gates-flooding-gaza-palestinianagency… #subscriptions #feedly 0 Retweet 1 favorites Teresa MASIA PERALES @Spanishcountry 23 feb.

Israel 'opens dam gates' flooding Gaza: Palestinian agency http://shar.es/1W67vj via @middleeastmnt 0 Retweet 0 favorites Menapak Jejak ? @PakdeWinar 23 feb.

Israel membuka pintu dam dekat #Gaza berakibat bbrp daerah banjir #SaveGaza cc @InfoKNRP https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/ news/middle-east/17123-israel-opensdam-gates-flooding-gaza-palestinianagency…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Middle East Monitor @MiddleEastMnt

23 feb.

Israel opens the gates of a dam near #Gaza, flooding several homes https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/ news/middle-east/17123-israel-opensdam-gates-flooding-gaza-palestinianagency…

39 Retweets 5 favorites Tony Cowling @rx100products 23 feb. #flood #rx100 Israel denies flooding Gaza by opening dams - Hundreds of Palestinians were evacuated from their hom… http://ow.ly/2V2iZC 0 Retweet 0 favorites Hash P @hashp 23 feb.

Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding Gaza Villages http://fb.me/4iamOMFwO 0 Retweet 0 favorites Ed Ward MD @EdWardMDBlog 23 feb. #Palestine accuses #Israel of opening dams, flooding #Gaza, forcing evacuations — RT News http://rt.com/news/ 234611-israel-dam-floodgatesgaza/#.VOswXdTj3gk.twitter…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Andrew Fishman @AndrewDFish 23 feb.

Israel opens dams in Gaza Valley w/o warning, flooding 40 Gazan homes, harming agriculture. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/ gazans-flee-floods-caused-israel-damsopening-150222115950849.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Love 4 Palestine @WithPalestine 23 feb.

Israel has opened the gates of a dam near #Gaza Strip, which led to the flooding of dozens of Gaza homes https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/ news/middle-east/17123-israel-opens-

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dam-gates-flooding-gaza-palestinianagency…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Danielle @Dani4Peace 23 feb.

FYI: ISRAEL FRANTICALLY DENYING OPENING DAM & FLOODING GAZA… yet, they have a history of doing this (2012 video) http://news-beaconireland.info/?p=3312 35 Retweets 15 favorites Middle East News @mideasternews 23 feb.

Israel denies flooding Gaza by opening dams http://bit.ly/1a4BM15 #middleeast 1 Retweet 1 favorites Lanet @lanet 23 feb.

Israel opens "waste water" Dams flooding Gaza..without warning http://sputniknews.com/middleeast/ 20150223/1018628366.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites freehand @freehandmeister 23 feb. Čari cionizma: Palestine accuses Israel of opening dams, flooding Gaza, forcing evacuations http://rt.com/news/ 234611-israel-dam-floodgates-gaza/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Marian Houk @Marianhouk 23 feb.

Israel Defense Ministry's COGAT office denies multiple Gaza claims Isr opened floodwater dams, flooding Moghraqa area http://www.maannews.com/eng/ ViewDetails.aspx?id=759566…

1 Retweet 1 favorites ☪ @Hijabellaaa 23 feb.

Everyone please pray for Gaza Israel opened a number of dams. Hundreds of Palestinians fled their homes in the Gaza Strip due to flooding.

3 Retweets 0 favorites

Ramy Jabbar ‫@رامي‬Ramdog1980 23 feb.

Israel denies flooding Gaza by opening dams: Israel on Monday rejected allegations by the government in the Ga… http://bit.ly/1LxlI5i 0 Retweet 0 favorites ☁?shelbs☁? @virgoloser 23 feb. the israeli government opened their dam gates, flooding n forcing innocent villagers in gaza to leave their homes!!! http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/ gazans-flee-floods-caused-israel-damsopening-150222115950849.html…

0 Retweet 1 favorites MizzVegOns @MizzVegOns 23 feb. "@HonestReporting: Palestinians Blame #Israel for Flooding #Gaza…by Opening Dams that Don’t Really Exist http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-reallyexist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons…"

0 Retweet 0 favorites susi hoy @palestininianpr 23 feb.

Israel 'opens dam gates' flooding Gaza: Palestinian agency http://shar.es/ 1W6mzF via @middleeastmnt 2 Retweets 0 favorites Israel News English @Israel_English 23 feb.

Israel denies flooding Gaza by opening dams - Al-Bawaba http://goo.gl/fb/ F3chJ4 #Israel 0 Retweet 0 favorites Amna ‫@آمنة ساره حسين‬amnahussain210 23 feb.

Adding2th turmoil Israel opens dams flooding an already devastated #Gaza

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causin 100s 2evacuate http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=759549…

10 Retweets 4 favorites Viva socialismo! @kay_sesen 23 feb.

"Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding #Gaza Villages, with homes Now Under 10 Feet of Water" #ICC4Israel 0 Retweet 0 favorites AnonFatCat @AnonFatCat 23 feb.

RT @HonestReporting: Palestinians Blame #Israel for Flooding #Gaza…by Opening Dams that Don’t Really Exist http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-reallyexist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Interpal @InterpalUK 23 feb.

Israel 'opens dam gates' flooding #Gaza http://shar.es/1WGDz3 via @middleeastmnt #Palestine 3 Retweets 1 favorites John MacDonald 1@johnmacdonald 23 feb.

Gazans flooded from their homes after Israeli authorities open several dams, flooding the #Gaza Valley #GazaFloods http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/ gazans-flee-floods-caused-israel-damsopening-150222115950849.html…

10 Retweets 1 favorites Chaiwat Trakanratsan @Chaiwattr 23 feb.

Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding Gaza Villages -- News from http://Antiwar.com http://bit.ly/ 1AB1zGK

0 Retweet 0 favorites Tineke Senf @TinekeSenf 23 feb.

Dam Busted: #Palestinian #Lie Exposed: Palestinians claim that #Israel has opened its southern dams, flooding #Gaza. http://bit.ly/1LwOoLI 0 Retweet 0 favorites UK Flood Tweets @ukfloodtweets 23 feb. #floods #ukfloods - Israel opens dams forcing hundreds of Gazans out of flooded houses - report -… http://bit.ly/1BbVELF - #flooding 0 Retweet 0 favorites INEC MONITOR @INEC_News 23 feb.

ISRAEL 'OPENS DAM GATES' FLOODING GAZA: Israeli authorities have opened the gates of a dam near t… http://bit.ly/1a3oxh4 … #Retweet 0 Retweet 0 favorites Marwa Atik (mars) @marwaatik 23 feb. #Israel opened gates of water dams bordering the Gaza Strip causing floodingmassive damages are expected #GazaFloods 15 Retweets 1 favorites Redress Editor @redress 23 feb.

Israel 'opens dam gates' flooding Gaza: Palestinian agency #middleeast monitor #feedly http://ln.is/com/tiY1A 0 Retweet 0 favorites Margaret Weston @margweston 23 feb.

ISRAEL ARMY OPENS DAMS FLOODING HUNDREDS OF HOMES OF GAZANS STILL TRYING TO RECOVER FROM ISRAELI ATTACKS LAST SUMMER http://rt.com/news/234611-israeldam-floodgates-gaza/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Haya Eytan @TeachESL 23 feb.

Southern Israel does not have any dams.

Flooding in #Gaza b/c of heavy rains. http://ln.is/honestreporting.com/rvAd6…

3 Retweets 1 favorites HonestReporting @HonestReporting 23 feb.

Palestinians Blame #Israel for Flooding #Gaza…by Opening Dams that Don’t Really Exist http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/19/the-floodgates-ofbullcrap-palestinians-blame-israel-forflooding-gaza-by-opening-dams-thatdont-reallyexist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons…

63 Retweets 20 favorites Israel News Links @dlisraelnews 23 feb.

Gazans flee floods caused by Israel's dams opening: Gaza has suffered from flooding caused by storms this wint… http://binged.it/1BEAHbS 1 Retweet 0 favorites Mayana @mayana_mayra 23 feb. @kristindelfs @RosmeWarda Israel opened a number of dams near the border, flooding Gaza http://www.maannews.com/eng/ ViewDe759557tails.aspx?ID=…

4 Retweets 3 favorites Jerry Rider @Jezar1 23 feb. @rk70534 incorrect, blatant lies that so many have fallen victim to so easily http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-reallyexist/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites deva ramkelawan @DevaRamkelawan

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23 feb.

Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding Gaza Villages -http://ln.is/news.antiwar.com/201/ 1RVcm… #uspoli #cdnpoli #reuters #AP #ukpoli #eupoli #cbc 0 Retweet 0 favorites Hakim Yasin @Hakimyasin 23 feb.

Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding Gaza Villages -- News from http://Antiwar.com http://news.antiwar.com/2015/02/22/ hundreds-displaced-as-israel-opensdam-flooding-gaza-villages/#.VOrWQOtLHTE.twitter…

0 Retweet 0 favorites kanye stan by proxy @HussSrour 23 feb.

Never seen this on the news. Israel flooding Gaza 4 Retweets 0 favorites Kara Ardan @KaraArdan 23 feb.

No @christyclarkbc we do NOT support the ongoing torture of #Palestinians flooding #Gaza in #winter? #BCpoli http://rt.com/news/234611-israel-damfloodgates-gaza/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Gareth Davey @Davey1969Davey 23 feb.

Israel open dams flooding 100s of Palestians in #Gaza out of their homes. via @RT_com http://rt.com/news/ 234611-israel-dam-floodgates-gaza/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Sam Hakosem @SamHakosem 23 feb.

The Floodgates of Bullcrap': Palestinians Blame Israel for Flooding Gaza…by… http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/ 19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-really-

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exist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons… via @theblaze 0 Retweet 0 favorites SAAJIDA | ‫ساجدة‬ @HEART_OF_MADINA 23 feb.

Palestinians leave thr homes in Gaza due 2 flooding caused by Israel opening gates of several dams around the sliver http://presstv.ir/Detail/2015/02/22/ 398732/Israel-opens-dams-gates-floodsGaza…

1 Retweet 3 favorites Graham Chivers @deepgreendesign 23 feb. #Israel Opens Dams, Flooding #Gaza & Displacing Hundreds, for 2nd Time in 14 Months http://goo.gl/f1C1JF #Infrastructure #Safety #CdnPoli 1 Retweet 0 favorites Cold War 2.0 @coldwar20_en 23 feb.

Israel without warning opened the dam, flooding and causing devastation in the villages of Gaza 4 Retweets 1 favorites Kris L Doyle @doyley68 23 feb.

Flooding in #Gaza continues after #Israel deliberately deluged the area after opening dam gates.

2 Retweets 2 favorites yum roni askosendra @yumroni 23 feb.

Israel 'opens dam gates' flooding Gaza: Palestinian agency: EXCLUSIVE IMAGES Israeli authorities have opened t… http://bit.ly/1BBwMwk 0 Retweet 0 favorites GlobalParadigmShift @OccupyNA 23 feb. #BDS http://fb.me/3RS0zyc6f

0 Retweet 0 favorites NDBnewswire @ISCOSEU 23 feb.

Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Flooding Gaza Villages: Hundreds Displaced as Israel Opens Dam, Floodi… http://bit.ly/1FhkcA1 1 Retweet 0 favorites ☪ Pakistan - Wake-UP @NewPakistan2020 23 feb.

ONLY #Zionist Israel would open dam gates and flood #Gaza like this http://bit.ly/1AjgKp4 7 Retweets 3 favorites Muhammed Reza Tajri @mtajri 23 feb. "@BenjaminNorton: #israel Opens Dams, #Flooding #Gaza and Displacing Hundreds. http://bennorton.com/israelopens-dams-flooding-gaza-anddisplacing-hundreds/… http://twitter.com/ BenjaminNorton/status/ 569648776547315712/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/hVH5VMGyWM " #Palestine 1 Retweet 1 favorites Kris L Doyle @doyley68 23 feb.

Result of #Israel deliberately flooding #Gaza by opening dam gates, to furthur intimidate/make life hell for Gazans 1 Retweet 0 favorites MeMeThief @MastaOfMp3s 23 feb. "@burkepeaches Israel Opens Dams, Flooding Gaza and Displacing Hundreds - http://bennorton.com/israel-opensdams-flooding-gaza-and-displacinghundreds/… " 5 Retweets 1 favorites Greg Bouwer @GregBouwer 23 feb.

In the words of @Israellycool “Palestinians and Supporters Open the Floodgates of Bullcrap” http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/12/

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19/the-floodgates-of-bullcrappalestinians-blame-israel-for-floodinggaza-by-opening-dams-that-dont-reallyexist/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=st ory&utm_campaign=ShareButtons…

0 Retweet 0 favorites gail @lottiemay 23 feb.

Israel 'opens dam gates' flooding Gaza: Palestinian agency http://shar.es/1WcDyb Exclusive images 0 Retweet 0 favorites ✝ẘℯ℮☂ ▉▉▉▉▉▉ @Tweet_Afton 23 feb.

Israeli authorities open floodgates to their dams, flooding Palestinian land, homes & schools. http://www.worldbulletin.net/ world/155485/israel-opens-dam-gatesflood-gaza…… #OscarsRedCarpet 1 Retweet 0 favorites Principal Egg @principalegg 23 feb.

Israel Opens Dams Floods Gaza & Displaces 100s for 2nd Time in 14mnths" Problem w/ 'Damn latch http://tinyurl.com/qbxetgm http://twitter.com/BenjaminNorton/status/ 569648776547315712/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/439YbAoBxA 1 Retweet 0 favorites Bull Shark @bullshark3000 23 feb.

While world watches the Oscars, israel is flooding Gaza http://www.albawaba.com/ news/hundreds-palestinians-flee-floodsgaza-israel-opens-dams-659932… #Oscars2015 #Oscars #genocide #israeliapartheid #Gaza

2015-02-25

THE IRAQI ARMY SHOT DOWN TWO BRITISH PLANES DELIVERING WEAPONS Iran's state-run news agency, FARS, is the source of this report. Its story from Feb. 23 said that the accusation was made by Iraqi politician Hakim Al-Zamili and attributed his comments to a "report of the Arabic-language information center of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq." (The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq is a political party.) There is no record of that, and the story went on to make the ludicrous claim that "US-led coalition planes… airdrop weapons and supplies for ISIL in terrorist-held areas."

7 ← Summary

111

Theorical Analysis → 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://english.farsnews.com/ newstext.aspx?nn=13931204001534 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13931204001534

Iraqi Army Downs 2 UK Planes Carrying Weapons for ISIL Mon Feb 23, 2015 6:29 "The Iraqi Parliament's National Security and Defense Committee has access to the photos of both planes that are British and have crashed while they were carrying weapons for the ISIL," Head of the committee Hakem al-Zameli said, according to a Monday report of the Arabic-language information center of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq. He said the Iraqi parliament has asked London for explanations in this regard. The senior Iraqi legislator further unveiled that the government in Baghdad is receiving daily reports from people and security forces in al-Anbar province on numerous flights by the US-led coalition planes that airdrop weapons and supplies for ISIL in terrorist-held areas. The Iraqi lawmaker further noted the cause of such western aids to the terrorist group, and explained that the US prefers a chaotic situation in Anbar Province which is near the cities of Karbala and Baghdad as it does not want the ISIL crisis to come to an end.

Earlier today, a senior Iraqi provincial official lashed out at the western countries and their regional allies for supporting Takfiri terrorists in Iraq, revealing that US and Israeli-made weapons have been discovered from the areas purged of ISIL terrorists. "We have discovered weapons made in the US, European countries and Israel from the areas liberated from ISIL's control in Al-Baqdadi region," the Al-Ahad news website quoted Head of Al-Anbar Provincial Council Khalaf Tarmouz as saying. He noted that the weapons made by the European countries and Israel were discovered from the terrorists in the Eastern parts of the city of Ramadi. Al-Zameli had also disclosed in January that the anti-ISIL coalition's planes have dropped weapons and foodstuff for the ISIL in Salahuddin, Al-Anbar and Diyala provinces. Al-Zameli underlined that the coalition is the main cause of ISIL's survival in Iraq. "There are proofs and evidence for the US-led coalition's military aid to ISIL terrorists through air(dropped cargoes)," he

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told FNA in January. He noted that the members of his committee have already proved that the US planes have dropped advanced weaponry, including anti-aircraft weapons, for the ISIL, and that it has set up an investigation committee to probe into the matter.

"The US drops weapons for the ISIL on the excuse of not knowing about the whereabouts of the ISIL positions and it is trying to distort the reality with its allegations. He noted that the committee had collected the data and the evidence provided by eyewitnesses, including Iraqi army officers and the popular forces, and said, "These documents are given to the investigation committeeâ&#x20AC;Ś and the necessary measures will be taken to protect the Iraqi airspace." Also in January, another senior Iraqi legislator reiterated that the US-led coalition is the main cause of ISIL's survival in Iraq. "The international coalition is only an excuse for protecting the ISIL and helping the terrorist group with equipment and weapons," Jome Divan, who is member of the al-Sadr bloc in the Iraqi parliament, said. He said the coalition's support for the ISIL is now evident to everyone, and continued, "The coalition has not targeted ISIL's main positions in Iraq." In late December, Iraqi Parliamentary Security and Defense Commission MP disclosed that a US plane supplied the ISIL terrorist organization with arms and ammunition in Salahuddin province. MP Majid al-Gharawi stated that the available information pointed out that US planes are supplying ISIL organization, not only in Salahuddin province, but also other provinces, Iraq TradeLink reported. He added that the US and the international coalition are "not serious in fighting against the ISIL organization, because they have the technological power to determine the presence of ISIL gunmen and destroy them in one month". Gharawi added that "the US is trying to expand the time of the war against the ISIL to get guarantees from the Iraqi government to have its bases in Mosul and Anbar provinces."

Salahuddin security commission also disclosed that "unknown planes threw arms and ammunition to the ISIL gunmen Southeast of Tikrit city". Also in Late December, a senior Iraqi lawmaker raised doubts about the seriousness of the anti-ISIL coalition led by the US, and said that the terrorist group still received aids dropped by unidentified aircraft. "The international coalition is not serious about air strikes on ISIL terrorists and is even seeking to take out the popular (voluntary) forces from the battlefield against the Takfiris so that the problem with ISIL remains unsolved in the near future," Nahlah al-Hababi told FNA. "The ISIL terrorists are still receiving aids from unidentified fighter jets in Iraq and Syria," she added. Hababi said that the coalition's precise airstrikes are launched only in those areas where the Kurdish Pishmarga forces are present, while military strikes in other regions are not so much 113

precise. In late December, the US-led coalition dropped aids to the Takfiri militants in an area North of Baghdad. Field sources in Iraq told al-Manar that the international coalition airplanes dropped aids to the terrorist militants in Balad, an area which lies in Salahuddin province North of Baghdad. In October, a high-ranking Iranian commander also slammed the US for providing aid supplies to ISIL, adding that the US claims that the weapons were mistakenly airdropped to ISIL were untrue. “The US and the socalled anti-ISIL coalition claim that they have launched a campaign against this terrorist and criminal group - while supplying them with weapons, food and medicine in Jalawla region (a town in Diyala Governorate, Iraq). This explicitly displays the falsity of the coalition's and the US' claims,” Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces Brigadier General Massoud Jazayeri said. The US claimed that it had airdropped weapons and medical aid to Kurdish fighters confronting the ISIL in Kobani, near the Turkish border in Northern Syria. The US Defense Department said that it had airdropped 28 bundles of weapons and supplies, but one of them did not make it into the hands of the Kurdish fighters. Video footage later showed that some of the weapons that the US airdropped were taken by ISIL militants. The Iranian commander insisted that the US had the necessary intelligence about ISIL's deployment in the region and that their claims to have mistakenly airdropped weapons to them are as unlikely as they are untrue.

The rumor has been shared 73480 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

AIJAZ AHMED @aijsidddiqi 26 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED : 2 UK Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons For ISIS Terrorists | http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites J.Rudd @jeffrudd31 26 feb.

Iraq shoots down 2 UK planes delivering weapons to ISIL - http://axisoflogic.com/ artman/publish/Article_69478.shtml… -

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Is the British public still not being told about this?

4 Retweets 1 favorites Bacon @baconbkk 26 feb.

Claims Iraq Downed Two British Planes Ferrying Arms to Militants http://wp.me/ p2CNkZ-Ue 1 Retweet 0 favorites Nadia Nadia @NadezhdaAle 26 feb.

Iraqi Army Downs Two British Planes Carrying Weapons for #ISIL Terrorists #ISIS #Iraq http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-army-

downs-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…

4 Retweets 1 favorites

For The ISIS http://www.occuworld.org/ news/2367387 0 Retweet 1 favorites

‫@عمرو المهدي‬alcapone333 26 feb. ‫اللعبه الحقيره دي بقت مكشوفه قوي و يا ريت تحترموا‬ ‫ انفسكم آلن المنظر بقا طين‬http://fb.me/2PWiApxrn 0 Retweet 0 favorites

Eddie DiFruscia @heavyde65 26 feb. http://northerntruthseeker.blogspot.com/ 2015/02/more-proof-that-isis-is-fraudand-sham.html?m=1… #Iraq shoots down 2 British planes carrying weapons for #IS #ISIS #ISIL #BoycottIsrael #Netanyahu #UK #US #Mossad 1 Retweet 0 favorites

Joel Erwteman @JoelErwteman 26 feb.

Incredibly reliable breaking news. UK is arming IS #FarsNews RT@asoueif: http://isis-terrorists.beforeitsnews.com/ terrorism/2015/02/caught-red-handedtwo-british-planes-shot-down-in-iraqcarrying-weapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Ahdaf Soueif @asoueif 26 feb. http://isis-terrorists.beforeitsnews.com/ terrorism/2015/02/caught-red-handedtwo-british-planes-shot-down-in-iraqcarrying-weapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

1 Retweet 1 favorites aidaseif @aidaseif 26 feb. ‫ ايه ده؟‬http://fb.me/2IJY54zA0 0 Retweet 0 favorites MJ @MarieJoseGMH 26 feb. @sybrandbuma @PieterOmtzigt Als hier maar 1% v klopt is het al ziek. Helpt het westen IS terwijl ze christenen doden? http://isis-terrorists.beforeitsnews.com/ terrorism/2015/02/caught-red-handedtwo-british-planes-shot-down-in-iraqcarrying-weapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites OccuWorld @OccuWorld 26 feb.

Iraq’s Army Has Shot Down Two British Planes As They Were Carrying Weapons

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✝ẘℯ℮☂ ▉▉▉▉▉▉ @Tweet_Afton 26 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED : Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons For ISIS Terrorists. #ISIS http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html?utm_medium=ve rticalresponse&utm_content=beforeit39s newsverticalresponse&utm_term=http%3A%2 F%2Fb4in.info%2FejD1&utm_campaign =&utm_source=direct-b4in.info…

1 Retweet 1 favorites Paul Jaine @Pauljaine 25 feb. @JPexsquaddie @changeworld2 @coldwar20_en Iraqi Sec.Def.Comm.has access to the photos of both planes that are British http://www.infowars.com/iraqaccuses-britain-of-delivering-weaponsto-islamic-state/…

1 Retweet 1 favorites GO GAB 4 Jean&Steve @gogab4jean 25 feb.

Hey check this out !!! #Iraq shoots down two #British planes supplying #ISIL !?! ~> http://tapnewswire.com/2015/02/iraqshoots-down-two-british-planessupplying-isil/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Luciano Martini @lucma66 25 feb.

Claims Iraq Downed Two British Planes Ferrying Arms to Militants http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/?p=1115 86 #ISIS #terrorism #US #UK 0 Retweet 0 favorites P. Baziotopoulos @bazioto 25 feb.

For those they naively accept that Angloamericans are not International Gangsters… http://fb.me/7lJclpAOR 0 Retweet 0 favorites Mehmet Sait Şahinalp @MSHNLP 25 feb.

Iraq claim that two #British planes carrying weapons for #IS were shot downed in Al-Anbar province by Iraqi forces. http://english.yenisafak.com/mobil/world/ iraq-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-2088319…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Sheikh Ghias Ahmed @ghiasad 25 feb. http://tapnewswire.com/2015/02/iraqshoots-down-two-british-planessupplying-isil/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Bob @WhatAboutBob7 25 feb. @FoxNews #Iraq’s Army Shot Down 2 #British Planes Carrying Weapons For The #ISIL #Terrorists in Al-Anbar Province! http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/02/caught-red-handed-twobritish-planes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Glynn Sole @glynnsole 25 feb.

I keep seeing this story about #Iraq shooting down two #British planes that were dropping supplies for ISIS. I… http://fb.me/1LsAWNA0t

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0 Retweet 0 favorites Steve Broe Promoter @whatkeyisthisin 25 feb.

I've no way to verify this but I think we all know it's true. . http://fb.me/3z1fj5uXv 0 Retweet 0 favorites Marco Lodovichi @marcolodovichi 25 feb.

Iran’s FAR News Agency reports the Iraq Army has shot down 2 British planes delivering weapons to the #ISIS : http://malo.ph/18lYNvH 2 Retweets 1 favorites Jax King @DJSlugsworth 25 feb. #Iraq #shot #down 2 #British #planes as they carried #weapons for #ISIS in #AlAnbar #ISIL http://topinfopost.com/ 2015/02/25/iraqs-army-has-shot-downtwo-british-planes-as-they-were-carryingweapons-for-the-isil…

4 Retweets 5 favorites Media Man @TheWarRoomNZ 25 feb.

IRAQ Army downs 2 British Planes carrying weapons fo ISIL Terrorists http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…

0 Retweet 0 favorites giovanni prato @prato_giovanni 25 feb. http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html… #GagaAHSHotel #RoommatesIn5Words Jacoby Jones #DuckTales #PredictionsInThe90s #Tips4Tots Silas Nacita American Horror 0 Retweet 0 favorites Russ-T-Nails 12@x12 25 feb.

@BraveConWarrior Isis is Mccains army who creaed these folks? Why we did and now arming them too http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED: #Iran Claims Two British Planes Shot Down in #Iraq Carrying Weapons… http://palestine.trendolizer.com/2015/02/ caught-red-handed-iran-claims-twobritish-planes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isis-terrori.html…

2 Retweets 0 favorites

ZodiacNein @ZodiacNein 25 feb.

“The ISIL terrorists are still receiving aids from unidentified fighter jets in Iraq and Syria,” she added. http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites

Mark D. Whitaker @therealbiostate 25 feb.

Iraq downs 2 UK planes gunrunning for #ISIS, *Iraqi lawmaker disclosed*; reports US the same; Israeli arms http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html… #falseflag 2 Retweets 1 favorites

Joe Rowe @JOEROWE409 25 feb.

Iraq shoots down 2 British planes carrying weapons to ISIS? What's up with that?

2 Retweets 1 favorites Asif Salahuddin @asif_salahuddin 25 feb. #US, #UK & #Israel supplying #ISIL in #Iraq with military equipment & supplies!!!!! http://tapnewswire.com/2015/02/ iraq-shoots-down-two-british-planessupplying-isil/… #IS #ISIS #IslamicState #Pakistan 2 Retweets 2 favorites Liz Sly @LizSly 25 feb.

It is becoming accepted as fact in Iraq that the US & allies are supplying ISIS. How is this supposed to end well? http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…

13 Retweets 9 favorites Palestine Trends @Palestinolizer 25

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Susie Weiss @weisssusie 25 feb.

More proof? CAUGHT RED-HANDED: Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons For ISIS Terrorists USA creation http://beforeitsnews.com/ terrorism/2015/02/caught-red-handedtwo-british-planes-shot-down-in-iraqcarrying-weapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html?utm_medium=ve rticalresponse&utm_content=beforeit39s newsverticalresponse&utm_term=http%3A%2 F%2Fb4in.info%2FejD1&utm_campaign =&utm_source=direct-b4in.info…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Russ-T-Nails 12@x12 25 feb. @oreillyfactor World does nothing meanwhile uU.S.and Brits ARMING iSIS http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/2015/ 02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html… guess you

won¿t report the real news…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Russ-T-Nails 12@x12 25 feb. @AmericaNewsroom So it's ok to Arm Isis http://beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/ 2015/02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html… thanks for lying to america.Isis another fabricated boogyman neocons dream 0 Retweet 0 favorites Peter Dunn @peterxdunn 25 feb. @moneyfreeparty RAF planes: flying supplies to ISIS, shot down in Iraq: http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089……

Please re-tweet.

0 Retweet 0 favorites Earl Burrowes, Sr. @eburrowes 25 feb.

TEHRAN (FNA)- Iraq’s army has shot down two British planes as they were carrying weapons for the ISIL terrorists in… http://flip.it/FjLQH 0 Retweet 0 favorites Peter Dunn @peterxdunn 25 feb. @Disarm RAF planes: flying supplies to ISIS, shot down in Iraq: http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089……

Please re-tweet.

0 Retweet 0 favorites Pat Peters, Ph.D. @PatVPeters 25 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED: Iran Claims Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons for ISIS Terrorists http://ln.is/www.redflagnews.com/ s9lAG… 6 Retweets 0 favorites

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DAVE ROSA @flatfeetaxsvc 25 feb. this explains why no-mo-o-bumma and our "allies" are doing virtually nothing to stop these killers….benghazi… http://fb.me/79jpELSC9 0 Retweet 0 favorites Richard H. Perry @richardperry2 25 feb.

US and British planes have dropped arms and supplies to ISIS in Iraq. Things are not as you've been told. https://lnkd.in/eEyxgkv 0 Retweet 0 favorites P. Baziotopoulos @bazioto 25 feb.

For those they naively accept that Angloamericans are not International Gangsters… http://fb.me/1Lm7YyxLL 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jewish Media Agency @JMAagency 25 feb.

Iraqi Army Downs Two British Planes Carrying Weapons for ISIL Terrorists #British #Planes #Downed #Iraq #ISIS http://fb.me/4gMpeQJXh 0 Retweet 0 favorites Trending Iraq News @Iraqolizer 25 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED : Two #BritishPlanes Shot Down in #Iraq Carrying Weapons For ISIS… http://iraq.trendolizer.com/2015/02/ caught-red-handed-two-british-planesshot-down-in-iraq-carrying-weapons-forisis-terrorists-terroris.html…

2 Retweets 0 favorites Mario8282 @D55Mario 25 feb. #Iraqi #MP: #British planes with #weapons for #ISIS downed in #Iraq. #US, #Western #allies help ISIS 4 military bases http://bit.ly/1MOtaKZ 0 Retweet 0 favorites

K @AlKunwar 25 feb.

Iraq’s army has shot down 2 British planes as they were carrying weapons for the ISIL terrorists in Al-Anbar province http://flip.it/ttEFl 9 Retweets 3 favorites Rubeyn Mmarison @mammarison 25 feb.

Iraq’s army has shot down two British planes as they were carrying weapons for the ISIL terrorists in Al-Anmbar […] http://flip.it/LTonl 2 Retweets 0 favorites Vladan Obradović @Vla_Dan 25 feb. "@HenryMakow: Again, Iraq downs British Planes Supplying ISIShttp://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…" #isis #uk #usa #war #nazi #nwo #weapon #airplane 0 Retweet 0 favorites Mihai Rissdorfer @MihaiRissdorfer 25 feb.

TEHRAN (FNA)- Iraq's army has shot down two British planes as they wer https://lnkd.in/b8EydC7 0 Retweet 0 favorites Christer Soderberg @LCPSoderberg 25 feb.

If this is true, and it has sources to be credible, then it exposes the diabolical hypocrisy of the west. http://fb.me/7fFeJdDNN 0 Retweet 0 favorites gunsta33 @gunsta33 25 feb.

Two #British Planes Shot Down in #Iraq Carrying Weapons For #ISIS #Terrorists @David_Cameron @Conservatives @labour http://isisterrorists.beforeitsnews.com/terrorism/

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2015/02/caught-red-handed-two-britishplanes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isisterrorists-2452716.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Craig Lossing @CLossing 25 feb.

I found this 'CAUGHT RED-HANDED: Iran Claims…' http://www.redflagnews.com/headlines-2015/caught-red-handed-twobritish-planes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isis-terrorists… in the RedFlag ? App http://road.ie/redflag1 0 Retweet 0 favorites Bas Laros @Larosb 25 feb.

2 Britse vliegtuigen boven Irak neergeschoten vol wapens voor ISIS. Hoe dacht je hoe ze anders aan hun wapentuig… http://fb.me/77P6Vny8S 0 Retweet 0 favorites Before It's News @beforeitsnews 25 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED : Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons For ISIS Terrorists http://b4in.com/qLQ4 19 Retweets 4 favorites Le Canard @LeCoinCanard 25 feb.

Coin ! tr_blue: why? #Iraq Downed British Planes with weapons for ISIL in Al-Anbar province http://ift.tt/1DRVWYt ; #UKIP .uklabour eurola…

1 Retweet 1 favorites Anthony Samaha @anthonysamaha 25 feb.

Coalition Coordination with Terrorism, TWO #BRITISH PLANES CARRYING WEAPONS FOR ISIS DOWNED BY #IRAQ'S ARMY 0 Retweet 0 favorites DAVY HOBSON @davyhobson 25 feb.

Is this for real? If it is, hold on folks, we are nearing the end. http://fb.me/32fYUBfTz 0 Retweet 0 favorites 진실의창 @newskyknight 25 feb.

Iraq’s army has shot down two British planes as they were carrying weapons for the ISIS in Al-Anbar province,… http://bit.ly/1waNxYe 6 Retweets 0 favorites RedNationRising @RedNationRising 25 feb.

RED-HANDED: Iran Claims Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons for ISIS Terrorists http://www.redflagnews.com/headlines-2015/caught-red-handed-twobritish-planes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isis-terrorists… #RedNationRising 11 Retweets 5 favorites Deb ~Merungwen ✡ ✟ ‫@ن‬LaydiHD 25 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED: Iran Claims Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons for ISIS Terrorists http://www.redflagnews.com/headlines-2015/caught-red-handed-twobritish-planes-shot-down-in-iraq-carryingweapons-for-isis-terrorists… #tcot #PJNET 0 Retweet 1 favorites Hugo Chavez Front @hcpdf 25 feb. #Iraq’s army has shot down two #British planes as they were carrying weapons for the #ISIL - #ISIS terrorists in… http://fb.me/70toaSK6E 1 Retweet 0 favorites Henry Makow @HenryMakow 25 feb.

Again, Iraq downs British Planes Supplying ISIS- http://www.globalresearch.ca/ iraqi-army-downs-two-british-planes-

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carrying-weapons-for-isil-terrorists/ 5433089…

20 Retweets 5 favorites All animals are = @clocksstrike13 25 feb. #Farsnewsagency claiming #Iraq Army Downed Two #British #Planes Carrying Weapons for #ISIL Terrorists http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Khalid Khan @KhanUKIP 25 feb. #Iraq Accuses UK of Supplying Weapons to #ISIS #ISIL Apparantly shot down 2 British planes in #Anbar http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13931204001534… via @EnglishFars 3 Retweets 0 favorites J. V. Douglas @booksbyjvd 25 feb.

Iraqi Army Downs 2 UK Planes Carrying Weapons for ISIL - Iraq’s army has shot down two British planes as… http://tmblr.co/ZxBp3u1eJYjqm 0 Retweet 0 favorites Truth Armor @TrueIsayUntoYou 25 feb.

Iran’s FAR News Agency reports the Iraq Army has shot down two British planes delivering weapons to the Islamic State http://www.infowars.com/iraq-accusesbritain-of-delivering-weapons-to-islamicstate/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Don't Be A Gun ︻╦╤─ @Occupy007 24 feb.

Iraq shot down two #British @RoyalAirForceUK planes carrying weapons for #ISIL-#ISIS-#FSA-#AlQaeda-#Talibans http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13931204001534…

#RAF 1 Retweet 0 favorites tipa indy italiana @CaroleMagoha 24 feb. Edinburgh, Scotland" http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…

The news that Iraq has drowned 2 UK planes dropping to ISIL is already in M.East news yet here no. #GE15 #VoteSNP 1 Retweet 0 favorites Carib Damascus @DamascusCarib 24 feb.

RT StopTheNWO_UK: #Iraq shoots down two #British planes supplying #ISIL weapons http://ift.tt/17vAj2e #UN #Syria #Iran #Ukraine #EU #Rus… 0 Retweet 0 favorites Oh boy what a shot @ohboywhatashot 24 feb.

German media: Iraq shoots down two British planes with weapons for ISIS ─► http://bit.ly/1AHpcgN Mistake? ─► http://bit.ly/1sLItK1 23 Retweets 7 favorites Citizen Halo @haloefekti 24 feb.

Cameron might not know yet that UK ally Iraq just shot down 2 RAF jets for airdropping stuff to ISIS http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089… @ImaTigerrr 13 Retweets 3 favorites B4IN Featured @B4INFeatured 24 feb.

CAUGHT RED-HANDED : Two British Planes Shot Down in Iraq Carrying Weapons For ISIS Terrorists http://b4in.com/jL36 1 Retweet 0 favorites

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Citizen Halo @haloefekti 24 feb.

Iraqi Army Downs 2 UK Planes in alAnbar http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqiarmy-downs-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089…

Iraq Army claims coalition planes airdrop weapons to ISIS held areas 6 Retweets 0 favorites free falling upwards @philipgeany 24 feb.

REALLY! Need more info on this > "Iraqi Army Downs 2 British Planes Carrying Weapons for ISIS Terrorists" > http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089… #Iraq 2 Retweets 0 favorites Haidar Sumeri @IraqiSecurity 24 feb. #Iraq; Parl't sec/def committee head, Hakim al-Zamili, reportedly stated that ISF downed 2 British planes that were delivering aid to #ISIS. 9 Retweets 4 favorites Amy L Beam @amybeam 24 feb. #Iraq Army Downs 2 British Planes Carrying Weapons for ISIL Terrorists http://shar.es/1WYXgg @grtvnews #twitterkurds #ISIS #Syria @nytimes 1 Retweet 1 favorites Pranksta @otislarynx 24 feb.

Terrorists By Fars News Agency, February 24, 2015 Iraq’s army has shot down two British planes as they were… http://fb.me/1vPFTCWsP 0 Retweet 0 favorites OJT ANON @AnonOjt 24 feb.

Iraq shoots down two British planes supplying ISIL | Alternative News Network http://alternative-news-network.net/iraqshoots-down-two-british-planessupplying-isil/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites

3 Retweets 3 favorites

Breaking News @NewsOnTheMin 24 feb.

Iraq's army has shot down 2 British planes as they were carrying weapons for ISIL terrorists in Al-Anbar province. http://goo.gl/WQfFh4 27 Retweets 5 favorites

°•.༺•way❇seer•༻*°•.* @lisa_alba 24 feb. @norwind ☆ #Iraq #shoots #down two #British #planes #supplying #ISIL http://tapnewswire.com/2015/02/iraqshoots-down-two-british-planessupplying-isil/…

1 Retweet 2 favorites

Mamur Mustapha @mamur 24 feb.

Iraqi Army Downs Two British Planes Carrying Weapons For ISIL Terrorists http://bit.ly/1MOtaKZ - #UK #US #Israel #ISIS #Capitalism #Iraq 0 Retweet 0 favorites Ankaralı Jan 06@JAnk 24 feb.

Iraq claims to have downed 2 British planes "shipping arms to ISIS" http://haber.sol.org.tr/dunya/irak-isidesilah-tasiyan-2-ingiliz-ucaginidusurduk-108551…

2 Retweets 0 favorites Magnificent @Ironyisfunny8 24 feb. #Iraqi Army Downs Two #British Planes Carrying Weapons for #ISIS http://www.globalresearch.ca/iraqi-armydowns-two-british-planes-carryingweapons-for-isil-terrorists/5433089… #UK #ISIL #Iraq 0 Retweet 0 favorites Haider Moqawama @HaiderMoqawama 24 feb. #IRAQ: Iraqi Army downs two #British planes carrying weapons for #ISIS terrorist. http://fb.me/25QQZimoB 0 Retweet 0 favorites Fatiha Bouchiba @fab1231 24 feb.

MT @Lisa_alba: Iraq shoots down Two British Planes Supplying ISIL: #ISIS #Iraq http://tapnewswire.com/2015/02/ iraq-shoots-down-two-british-planessupplying-isil/…

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vanessa beeley @VanessaBeeley 24 feb.

Iraq downs 2 British Planes carrying arms for ISIS Farsnews http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13931204001534… #Iraq #ISIS 0 Retweet 0 favorites Veritas Exveniet @daysi2013 24 feb.

Two British planes shot down while trying to resupply #Zionist #ISIS forces in #Iraq.. http://www.globalresearch.ca/ iraqi-army-downs-two-british-planescarrying-weapons-for-isil-terrorists/ 5433089?utm_source=rss&utm_medium =rss&utm_campaign=iraqi-army-downstwo-british-planes-carrying-weapons-forisil-terrorists…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Newsblok.com @NBTWT 24 feb.

Claims Iraq Downed Two British Planes Ferrying Arms to Militants http://ift.tt/ 1vupDMk 0 Retweet 0 favorites

2015-02-26

'JIHADI JOHN' IS A LONDONER NAMED MOHAMMED EMWAZI The Washington Post reported that the English-speaking ISIS executioner is "Mohammed Emwazi, a Briton from a well-to-do family who grew up in West London and graduated from college with a degree in computer programming."

It cites unnamed friends of Emwazi, who told the post that the voice in the video belongs to their former friend. The story also quotes Asim Qureshi, research director at the human rights group CAGE, as saying it's Emwazi. (He met with Emwazi before he left for Syria.) The claim remains Unverified because British and U.S. intelligence officials have refused to confirm or deny it, and as of now there is no conclusive evidence linking Emwazi to the videos.

A New York Times report said that the "story was confirmed by a senior British security official," but did not offer a name. CBS news also cited an unnamed official to say the name is correct. We do not mark claims as True based on anonymous sources. The U.S. National Security

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 139

Council later issued a statement saying, "We will not comment on ongoing investigations and therefore are not in a position to confirm or deny the identity of this individual."

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The rumor first appeared on: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ national-security/ jihadi-john-the-islamic-state-killer-behind-the-mask-is-a-young-londoner/ 2015/02/25/d6dbab16-bc43-11e4-bdfa-b8e8f594e6ee_story.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/jihadijohn-the-islamic-state-killer-behind-the-mask-is-a-young-londoner/ 2015/02/25/d6dbab16-bc43-11e4-bdfa-b8e8f594e6ee_story.html

‘Jihadi John’: Islamic State killer is identified as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi

By Souad Mekhennet and Adam Goldman February 26 LONDON — The world knows him as “Jihadi John,” the masked man with a British accent who has beheaded several hostages held by the Islamic State and who taunts audiences in videos circulated widely online.

But his real name, according to friends and others familiar with his case, is Mohammed Emwazi, a Briton from a well-to-do family who grew up in West London and graduated from college with a degree in computer programming. He is believed to have traveled to Syria around 2012 and to have later joined the Islamic State, the group whose barbarity he has come to symbolize. [View: The atrocities of the Islamic State] “I have no doubt that Mohammed is Jihadi John,” said one of Emwazi’s close friends who identified him in an interview with The Washington Post. “He was like a brother to me… I am sure it is him.” A representative of a British human rights group who had been in contact with Emwazi before he left for Syria also said he believed Emwazi was Jihadi John, a moniker given to him by some of the hostages he once held. “There was an extremely strong resemblance,” Asim Qureshi, research director at the rights group, CAGE, said when shown one of the videos and asked to confirm whether Emwazi could be “Jihadi John.”

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The rumor has been shared 91196 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. worldnews @vipworldnews 26 feb.

Mohammed Emwazi timeline: from school years with Tulisa Contostavlos to… - http://Telegraph.co.uk : Scottish… http://bit.ly/1arnSpG 0 Retweet 0 favorites Michael F Ozaki MD @brontyman 26 feb.

ISIS executioner 'Jihadi John' identified as Mohammed Emwazi http://www.businessinsider.com/isisexecutioner-jihadi-john-identified-asmohammed-emwazi-2015-2… via @bi_politics 1 Retweet 0 favorites Nigerian Tribune @nigeriantribune 26 feb.

Jihadi John’s identity revealed as British Mohammed Emwazi http://tinyurl.com/ o75hk2b 0 Retweet 0 favorites Cheeky Gent 【ツ】 @CheekyGent 26 feb.

Jihadi John' named as Mohammed Emwazi from London & a well-to-do family: http://www.theage.com.au/world/ jihadi-john-named-as-mohammedemwazi-fromlondon-20150226-13q66a.html… via @theage 0 Retweet 0 favorites gianluca tedde @gianlucatedde 26 feb.

Jihadi John identity revealed as Mohammed Emwazi: live: Islamic State terrorist named as Mohammed Emwazi fol…… http://ift.tt/1BD9fM4 0 Retweet 0 favorites

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gianluca tedde @gianlucatedde 26 feb.

Jihadi John: Mohammed Emwazi named as masked man behind ISIS beheadings: British authorities previously declin…… http://ift.tt/1BD9cA1 0 Retweet 0 favorites Nasia K @nasia81 26 feb.

Mohammed Emwazi: from West London to wielding the IS knife - #c4news http://www.channel4.com/news/jihadijohn-named-mohammed-emwaziislamic-state-london…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Hayder al-Khoei @Hayder_alKhoei 26 feb.

Is Kuwait-born Mohammed Emwazi (Jihadi John) an Iraqi Kurd?

14 Retweets 5 favorites BrAvoTw0Z3r0 @SASGhostSquad 26 feb. #ISIS This is MOHAMMED EMWAZI as a schoolkid, who grew up to be ISIS executioner 'Jihadi John' (PIC) >> http://bit.ly/1C1jDg8 0 Retweet 1 favorites Arya Stark @LvAryaSta 26 feb.

Ofc he is RT @Telegraph: CAGE director says 'Jihadi John' is a 'kind and beautiful young man' http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/worldnews/islamic-state/11436615/ Jihadi-John-named-as-MohammedEmwazi-live.html…

18 Retweets 8 favorites Mohamed Yehia @yeh1a 26 feb.

When asked, #JihadiJohn usually identi-

fied himself as Yemeni-Kuwaiti http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11436615/JihadiJohn-named-as-Mohammed-Emwazilive.html…

3 Retweets 2 favorites American Children's @acahq 26 feb. #literacy: &#039;Jihadi John&#039; in ISIS Videos Is Identified as Mohammed Emwazi of London http://acahq.org/charity/2015/02/26/jihadi-john-in-isis-videosis-identified-as-mohammed-emwazi-oflondon-3/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Big News Network @bignewsnetwork 26 feb.

Mohammed Emwazi of London is Jihadi John: WASHINGTON, D.C. - The masked Islamic State (IS) mil… http://bit.ly/1LMvf8L @bignewsnetwork 0 Retweet 0 favorites Report UK @ReportUK 26 feb.

Jihadi John identity revealed: Cage claims that MI5 drove Mohammed Emwazi to extremism are 'pathetic' http://goo.gl/De2HdM 0 Retweet 0 favorites /r/WhiteRights @whitereddit 26 feb.

‘Jihadi John': Islamic State Killer Is Identified as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi http://bit.ly/1AdjkIq 0 Retweet 1 favorites Jon Passantino @passantino 26 feb.

ISIS militant “Jihadi John” has been identified as 26-year-old Mohammed Emwazi. Here’s what we know so far: http://bzfd.it/1DXweQK 2 Retweets 0 favorites Yahya Birt @YBirt 26 feb.

Cage: the campaigners put in the spotlight by Mohammed Emwazi

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http://gu.com/p/467v4/stw 0 Retweet 0 favorites Melbourne Live News @MelbLiveNews 26 feb.

Jihadi John' named as Mohammed Emwazi from London http://dlvr.it/8lbznl (News) #melbourne #victoria 0 Retweet 0 favorites News 24h Eng @news24heng 26 feb.

Jihadi John: Mohammed Emwazi named as masked man behind ISIS beheadings: British authorities previously declin… http://news24h.allnews24h.com/YuC6 0 Retweet 0 favorites News 24h Eng @news24heng 26 feb.

Jihadi John unmasked: Live updates as Mohammed Emwazi named as beheadings suspect: The west Londoner was said… http://news24h.allnews24h.com/ YuC8 0 Retweet 0 favorites Jerry Doyle @jerrydoyle 26 feb. #JihadiJohn is really Mohammed Emwazi http://www.epictimes.com/2015/ 02/jihadi-john-is-londoner-mohammedemwazi/… Another terrorist named Mohammed? Huh..go figure 6 Retweets 5 favorites ~Edensasp~ @edensasp 26 feb.

Islamic State's 'Jihadi John' Named as Mohammed Emwazi from West London | VICE News http://ln.is/news.vice.com/articl/Lud5U… 0 Retweet 0 favorites Parker Donham @kempthead 26 feb.

Inverness, Subd. C, Nova Scotia" WaPo says Jihadi John, aka Mohammed Emwazi, waterboarded western hostages. Gee, wonder where he got that idea? http://wapo.st/1Dfpda8 2 Retweets 0 favorites

Matt @POTUS7 26 feb.

Mohammed Emwazi: “Jihadi John” ISIS Butcher is Everything Obama, Jen Psaki Say ISIS Isn’t (Sent from CNR) https://www.readfulapp.com/site/ CNR/?tag=Newsem=54efa4dad5087f4522fcd795…

2 Retweets 1 favorites Pat Peters, Ph.D. @PatVPeters 26 feb.

Infamous beheader “Jihadi John” identified as University educated Londoner Mohammed Emwazi http://ln.is/pamelageller.com/201/rCWj2…

3 Retweets 2 favorites Michael Tarm @mtarm 26 feb.

Jihadi John' - knife-wielding #IslamicState militant - identified as Londonraised college grad, Mohammed Emwazi: http://m.apnews.com/ap/ db_289563/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=O5GzXh2L… 0 Retweet 0 favorites ✡ - ..::IGOR::.. - ✡ @I__G__O__R 26 feb.

Mohammed Emwazi a/k/a "Jihadi John" is Everything that Contradicts What Obama & Jen Psaki Have Been Telling Us…. http://fb.me/2ZsMyCZze 0 Retweet 0 favorites JΞSTΞR ✪ ACTUAL²³ @th3j35t3r 26 feb. #WhoKnew - This is MOHAMMED EMWAZI as a schoolkid, who grew up to be ISIS executioner 'Jihadi John' (PIC) >> http://bit.ly/1C1jDg8 19 Retweets 23 favorites Marwa Amr @Mars_Amr 26 feb.

ISIS Jihadi John suspect was an 'extremely kind, gentle, beautiful young man', says Cage director http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/world-

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news/islamic-state/11436615/JihadiJohn-named-as-Mohammed-Emwazilive.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Contini Marco @continimarco 26 feb.

New post: "Neighbors of 'Jihadi John' suspect shocked" http://ift.tt/1vDCThF A former neighbor of Mohammed Emwazi, the man identified as…

1 Retweet 0 favorites #CPC cn't hv my name @CometsMum 26 feb. #ISIS recruiting?>’He dsperately wantd 2use the systm 2 change his situation, but the system ultimately rejectd him.’ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/ feb/26/uk-man-behind-isis-beheadingsnamed-as-mohammed-emwazi-jihadijohn…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Peace @mehnar 26 feb.

Jihadi John Unmasked As Mohammed Emwazi From West London http://huff.to/ 1AafUpP via @HuffPostUK 1 Retweet 0 favorites Rubina Ibrahim Zehri @RubinaIbrahim2 26 feb. ‫ پاکستان‬,‫"کوئٹہ‬ "@MalikSirajAkbar: ‘Jihadi John’: Islamic State killer is identified as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi http://wpo.st/T-n50 " 0 Retweet 0 favorites Enoch Jeremiah @EnochJeremiah7 26 feb.

Jihadi John identity is known: How spooks will trap evil butcher Mohammed Emwazi http://dlvr.it/8lblHR 0 Retweet 0 favorites Home Affairs Stories @HAStories 26 feb.

Jihadi John: From ordinary schoolboy to world's most wanted man: Mohammed

Emwazi, identified as 'Jihadi John',… http://bit.ly/1C1iCF0 0 Retweet 0 favorites Malik Siraj Akbar @MalikSirajAkbar 26 feb.

‘Jihadi John’: Islamic State killer is identified as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi http://wpo.st/T-n50 1 Retweet 1 favorites Jean Parleray @efbiail 26 feb. Paris, Ile-de-France" Le Bourreau d'#ISIS #Daech identifié… http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/ feb/26/uk-man-behind-isis-beheadingsnamed-as-mohammed-emwazi-jihadijohn…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Bossy Redskin @WagnerTalone44 26 feb.

Family of man #JihadiJohn described as 'normal Muslim family… Exactly "Normal Muslim Family" http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ home-news/mohammed-emwazi-familyof-man-named-as-jihadi-john-describedby-neighbours-as-a-normal-muslimfamily-10072403.html…

58 Retweets 20 favorites Harriet Alexander @h_alexander 26 feb.

First photos of a young, unmasked Mohammed Emwazi - the Kuwaiti west Londoner now better known as Jihadi John 1 Retweet 0 favorites Inspiration Journal @InsJournal 26 feb.

The Telegraph > Jihadi John identity revealed as Mohammed Emwazi: live http://ow.ly/2Vdj3m 0 Retweet 0 favorites Iconoclast_SCLY @WorkMX 26 feb.

129

#SCLy3 - IS killer Jihadi John named as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-27/ is-executioner-jihadi-john-named-bymedia-as-mohammed-emwazi/ 6267464… via @ABCNews #Islam 0 Retweet 0 favorites The News Hype @TheNewsHype 26 feb. #World: White House: We can't confirm nor deny that Mohammed Emwazi is 'Jihadi John': Allega… http://bit.ly/1FzRjPT via .@TheNewsHype 0 Retweet 0 favorites Hussein Kesvani @HKesvani 26 feb. via @tamhussein - more info on Mohammed Emwazi from two doctors working in Syria: http://www.itv.com/news/ 2015-02-26/jihadi-john-a-quiet-man-whohated-britain-and-was-always-ready-forwar/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Report UK @ReportUK 26 feb.

Jihadi John: Mohammed Emwazi was an 'extremely kind, gentle, beautiful young man', says Cage director http://goo.gl/ l3OQXi 0 Retweet 0 favorites MassMediaWorldOrder @MMWO247 26 feb. #MMWO #NP New Video: Wall Street Journal - ‘Jihadi John’: What’s Known About Mohammed Emwazi http://massmediaworldorder.com/wsj/ jihadi-john-whats-known-aboutmohammed-emwazi/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Ivy Skye @QueenSloth 26 feb.

BBC News - 'Jihadi John' named as Mohammed Emwazi from London http://bbc.in/1JPLBQn 1 Retweet 1 favorites

The Truth 24 UK @TheTruth24UK 26 feb.

Jihadi John': Talk featuring anti-gay scholar postponed at university where Mohammed Emwazi studied http://goo.gl/AW3diY 1 Retweet 0 favorites stofftree @stofftree 26 feb.

A Timeline Of How Mohammed Emwazi Became The ISIS Militant Known As “Jihadi John” on http://stofftree.com/!BOARD2?t=92546 0 Retweet 0 favorites Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 26 feb.

ISIS Jihadi John suspect was an 'extremely kind, gentle, beautiful young man', says Cage director http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ home-news/jihadi-john-mohammedemwazi-was-an-extremely-kind-gentlebeautiful-young-man-says-cagedirector-10073338.html…

0 Retweet 0 favorites gianluca tedde @gianlucatedde 26 feb.

Jihadi John identity revealed as Mohammed Emwazi: live: Islamic State terrorist named as Mohammed Emwazi fol…… http://ift.tt/1Dfm8qy 0 Retweet 0 favorites gianluca tedde @gianlucatedde 26 feb.

Jihadi John: Mohammed Emwazi named as masked man behind ISIS beheadings: British authorities previously declin…… http://ift.tt/1Dfm5Li 0 Retweet 0 favorites R.M.C. @RobinMCouch 26 feb.

Breaking: Islamic State killer "Jihadi John" named as Mohammed Emwazi.

130

http://www.channel4.com/news/jihadijohn-named-mohammed-emwaziislamic-state-london…… pic.twitter.com/ RczRMrpmp 0 Retweet 0 favorites Supra1BqTeam @supra1Bqteam 26 feb.

Jihadi John: From ordinary schoolboy to world's most wanted man: Mohammed Emwazi, identified as 'Jihadi John',… http://bit.ly/1C1fvgp 0 Retweet 0 favorites paulusthewoodgnome @woodgnomology 26 feb.

CAGE Dir. Asim Qureshi talks about Mohammed Emwazi aka #IslamicState's Jihadi John, whom he calls a "beautiful man": https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=0X7Cwl8QlUU… 0 Retweet 0 favorites R.M.C. @RobinMCouch 26 feb.

What we know about Mohammed Emwazi AKA 'Jihadi John' via mashable http://on.mash.to/17BgczC 0 Retweet 0 favorites Martha Bellisle @marthabellisle 26 feb.

The @AP IDs #JihadiJohn as Mohammed Emwazi -- a 20-yo Londonraised college grad @JillLawless http://apne.ws/1GxFyuj 0 Retweet 0 favorites Sabbiyah Pervez @sabbiyah 26 feb.

This piece by @VikramDodd made me think….so I will describe it as thought provoking to say the least http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/ feb/26/cage-campaigners-put-underspotlight-mohammed-emwazi-jihadijohn…

2 Retweets 0 favorites

Ian Brown @Real_Ian_Brown 26 feb.

So, Jihadi John' is named named as Mohammed Emwazi from London His family came over here from Kuwait in 1994.

He… http://fb.me/4hmUqr1hL 0 Retweet 0 favorites okolie marvellous @marvellous997 26 feb. #marvellous997 White House: We can't confirm nor deny that Mohammed Emwazi is 'Jihadi John… http://goo.gl/fb/ UqD2ul 0 Retweet 0 favorites rogerioglobol @globol10 26 feb.

‘Jihadi John’: Islamic State killer is identified as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi. @globol10 !! http://wapo.st/1wrfOPW 0 Retweet 0 favorites Hasan Mansoor @hasanmansoor 26 feb.

Jihadis sun rises from the west! - 'Jihadi John' named as Mohammed Emwazi from London http://www.bbc.com/news/ uk-31637090…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Daily Mirror @DailyMirror 26 feb.

How spooks will trap evil butcher Mohammed Emwazi - AKA 'Jihadi John' http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/worldnews/jihadi-john-identity-knownhow-5240198#ICID=sharebar_twitter…

6 Retweets 6 favorites

131

2015-03-02

ISIS GAVE A KURDISH WOMAN A MEAL AND TOLD HER SHE'D EATEN HER OWN SON U.K. tabloid The Sun reported on March 2 that ISIS fed a meal to a Kurdish woman and then told her it contained meat made from her son.

The Sun quoted Yasir Abdulla, a man who lives in West Yorkshire, England and who is fighting with the Kurds against Islamic State. He did not witness this personally and his story is uncorroborated by any other source or evidence.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

132

Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 139

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/ news/6351852/ Sick-Islamic-State-jihadis-fed-mother-her-son-says-Brit-taking-fight-to-fa natics.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/6351852/SickIslamic-State-jihadis-fed-mother-her-son-says-Brit-taking-fight-tofanatics.html

You’ve just eaten your son EXCLUSIVE By ROBIN PERRIE and SAM CHRISTIE published 3 months ago SICK Islamic State jihadis fed a desperate mother a meal of meat and rice, then told her: “You’ve just eaten your son.”

A British dad who went to Iraq to fight IS revealed the story to The Sun last night.

The rumor has been shared 60556 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. itsNathaNtime @nathanadney 3 mar.

You think you're so funny, SNL? Spoof this! - ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’: http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/… #FTL #SNL 0 Retweet 0 favorites

ISIS Terrorists Fed A Distraught Woman Her Son http://shoebat.com/2015/03/02/ isis-terrorists-fed-a-distraught-womansearching-for-her-kidnapped-son-somemeat-and-rice-and-then-told-her-shehad-just-eaten-her-own-son/… via @WalidShoebat 0 Retweet 0 favorites

jedi shell @jedishell 3 mar.

This is terribly disturbing. It is the most disgusting thing I have ever heard of. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

0 Retweet 1 favorites

Before It's News @beforeitsnews 3 mar.

ISIS Tricks Starving Woman Into Eating Her Son (Video) Don’t Criticise Islam It’s A Nice,Peace http://lovingreligion.beforeitsnews.com/opinionconservative/2015/03/isis-tricks-starvingwoman-into-eating-her-son-video-dontcriticise-islam-its-a-nice-peace-loving-

tony @tonygreene113 3 mar.

133

religion-2977658.html…

11 Retweets 3 favorites Woman Voter @WomanVote 3 mar. @Babbsgirl2 Agree, #ISIS is a #DeathCult!RT@nypost: #ISIS militants allegedly tricked a woman into eating her own son http://nyp.st/1BPORHK 1 Retweet 1 favorites Bossy Redskin @WagnerTalone44 3 mar.

ISIS trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son'… #ISIS are filthy degenerate goat rapers! http://nyp.st/18EOxyL 3 Retweets 1 favorites Sohan Gaur @goursohan 3 mar. इस्लामिक स्टेट नेबंधक बनाए युवक को मारकर उसकी मांको खिलाया http://www.bhaskar.com http://www.bhaskar.com/news-ht/INTMES-isis-chopped-and-fed-a-womanher-son-abducted-inmosul-4920848-NOR.html…

2 Retweets 1 favorites ♬ChelseaMorning♬ @jonithoreau 3 mar.

ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’ | New York Post http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

2 Retweets 0 favorites ZEN? @NORTONheardAwho 3 mar.

ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’ | New York Post http://smar.ws/s8YwM #SmartNews 0 Retweet 0 favorites billyengland™ @billyengland 3 mar.

The day the #Obama Administration gives jobs to members of #ISIS is the day @TacoBell might want to stop hiring. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isis-

134

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0 Retweet 0 favorites sean thomas knox @thomasknox 3 mar.

Kill them all. God will know his own. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Faith Evans @Faith_iii 3 mar.

ISIS Tricks Starving Woman Into Eating Her Son (Video) Don't Criticise Islam It's A Nice, Peace-Loving Religion… http://b4in.info/plca 0 Retweet 0 favorites @wittier @wittier 2 mar. http://ift.tt/1DwhBQA #Klout70 #Klout 2 Retweets 0 favorites ALO BABA! Hasan Kara @hsnkr12 2 mar.

BU NE CANILIK. ISID JOPEKLERI OLDURDUKLERI OGLUNUN ETINI ANNESINE HABERSIZCE YEDIRDILER http://nyp.st/18EOxyL via @nypost 0 Retweet 0 favorites AACONS @AACONS 2 mar.

ISIS tricks mother into eating her own kidnapped son by feeding her "meat and rice" http://tinyurl.com/o4pfxuk #tcot #dk #evil 3 Retweets 0 favorites sandy @tnacgal 2 mar.

After reading this… http://nypost.com/ 2015/03/02/isis-militants-trick-womaninto-eating-her-kidnapped-son/… call the idiot left that will boycott #Netanyahu and tell them they've choose the wrong side.

0 Retweet 0 favorites Jan Odden @Janodden 2 mar.

Er det mulig å bli ondere? Ikke engang djevelen kunne, men tydeligvis Allahs følgere. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Israel No Dream @IsraelNoDream 2 mar. #ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son': http://nyp.st/ 18EOxyL via @nypost #MiddleEast #IslamicState #IS #Terrorism 1 Retweet 0 favorites Charles C. W. Cooke @charlescwcooke 2 mar.

There’s no way of knowing if this is true.

But it’s plausible, and that’s terrifying. http://ccwc.me/17LPynA 5 Retweets 5 favorites Tom Elliott @tomselliott 2 mar. "after she finished the meal and asked to see her son they laughed and said, ‘You’ve just eaten him'" http://nyp.st/ 18EOxyL 0 Retweet 0 favorites Gail @fostermomMN 2 mar.

No flipping way….. Pure evil #ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL 3 Retweets 0 favorites Jason Bailey @mrjasonbailey 2 mar. @RockMornings might be the most f'd up story I've ever read. #ISIS feeds son to mother http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/ isis-militants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnappedson/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_s ource=NYPFacebook&utm_medium=Soc ialFlow…

0 Retweet 0 favorites kyle mcavoy @_kylemcavooy 2 mar.

135

ISIS are honestly the most disgusting bunch of goat bashing cunts to breath man, feeding a woman meat then telling her it was her son 2 Retweets 6 favorites Tony Are @adia_afa 2 mar. " ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’ | New York Post http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnappedson/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_s ource=NYPTwitter&utm_medium=Social Flow…" trying to drop nuclear on them?

0 Retweet 0 favorites Pulp Ark @pulpark 2 mar.

ISIS Terrorists Fed A Distraught Woman Searching For Her Kidnapped Son Some Meat And Rice –… http://dlvr.it/8pJPMr #Mo #tcot #sioa #muslim 0 Retweet 0 favorites LeftyBollocks @LeftyBollocks 2 mar.

Obama: "Because of the Crusades" State Dept: "They need jobs" Hillary: "They deserve empathy" RT @nypost: ISIS tricked woman into eating son 3 Retweets 0 favorites Volusia Republicans @RecvcOrg 2 mar.

There is no limit to the barbarity of these #ISIS thugs who fed an unsuspecting woman the remains of her murdered… http://fb.me/1zWJvwZSG 1 Retweet 0 favorites Seph @sephir0t 2 mar. this morning i woke w/hope believing we hadn't yet created conditions allowing Reavers from 'Firefly' to exist http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

2 Retweets 1 favorites

Walid Shoebat @WalidShoebat 2 mar.

ISIS Fed A Woman Searching For Her Kidnapped Son Some Meat And Rice To Only Find Out The Meat Was Her Own Son http://shoebat.com/2015/03/02/isisterrorists-fed-a-distraught-womansearching-for-her-kidnapped-son-somemeat-and-rice-and-then-told-her-shehad-just-eaten-her-own-son/…

76 Retweets 26 favorites Shelby @ShelbyRoberta 2 mar. “@BlogsofWar: ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' - New York Post http://goo.gl/IG3j5R ” And nothing is being done?

1 Retweet 0 favorites Taylor Wofford @taylorjwofford 2 mar. hmm no they didn't http://nypost.com/ 2015/03/02/isis-militants-trick-womaninto-eating-her-kidnapped-son/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites ishmael n. daro @iD4RO 2 mar.

I guess I'm skeptical… http://nyp.st/ 18EOxyL 0 Retweet 2 favorites Oliver Willis @owillis 2 mar.

ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL 3 Retweets 0 favorites Heather @hboulware 2 mar.

I have no doubt ISIS would tell that woman she ate her son, even if she didn’t. Though I wouldn’t put that past them either.

1 Retweet 3 favorites Tim Mak @timkmak 2 mar.

An old Kurdish woman was searching for her son, held by ISIS. They fed her a meal, but it was her son's own body. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isis-

136

militants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites TodayTrader @TodayTrader 2 mar.

This story can't be true: http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Noah Rothman @NoahCRothman 2 mar.

How long before the media class demands a formal apology from Trey and Matt? http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

1 Retweet 1 favorites Heather @hboulware 2 mar.

Good. God. RT @NoahCRothman: ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’ http://nypost.com/2015/03/ 02/isis-militants-trick-woman-into-eatingher-kidnapped-son/…

5 Retweets 2 favorites Nate Discavage @DiscavageSavage 2 mar.

“ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' -NY Post http://goo.gl/IG3j5R ” something has to be done about these monsters 0 Retweet 1 favorites JΞSTΞR ✪ ACTUAL²³ @th3j35t3r 2 mar.

ISIS fed a distraught woman searching for her kidnapped son some meat & rice - and then told her she had just eaten her son. (Source: NYP) 141 Retweets 33 favorites Niko @NikoTheFarmer 2 mar.

THESE ARE THE PEOPLE MARIE HARF WANTS TO GIVE JOBS: ISIS mil-

itants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL 1 Retweet 0 favorites Mike Giangrande @Mike_Giangrande 2 mar. #ISIS tricks mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL via @nypost These scumbags make #AlQaeda look like alter boys 0 Retweet 0 favorites Badru WISE de BîðøÑ™ @BadruWISE 2 mar.

A volunteer from the United Kingdom fighting against the Islamic State brutes has revealed how a woman was tri… http://bit.ly/1GILO2m 0 Retweet 0 favorites The Fucking News @theswearingnews 2 mar.

ISIS militants fed a woman meat and rice. Then told her she'd just eaten her own son. I dont give a fuck any more just fucking kill them all 215 Retweets 161 favorites HUNK NEO @BODYBUILDER_NEO 2 mar.

WOAH http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

1 Retweet 0 favorites Breaking News Feed @PzFeed 2 mar.

ISIS militants fed a distraught woman searching for her kidnapped son some meat & rice – and then told her she had just eaten her son. (NYP) 1 704 Retweets 524 favorites Adam Chandler @AllMyChandler 2 mar.

What's the worst thing you can think of? http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-her-

137

kidnappedson/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_s ource=NYPFacebook&utm_medium=Soc ialFlow…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Bassant Youssef @Bassant_Youssef 2 mar. ‫امرأة كردية لجأت لقيادات داعش في الموصل تسألهم عن‬ ‫ابنها اللي خطفوه وطلبت تشوفه قالولها ارتاحي‬ ‫كانوا‬..‫ …وهنجيبهولك‬http://fb.me/2r33wRGO2 0 Retweet 0 favorites The_News_DIVA @The_News_DIVA 2 mar.

ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’ http://bit.ly/1F23bKm 10 Retweets 4 favorites Nina @Neen673 2 mar. “http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/… you really have to be soulless to do this. Fucking ignorant barbarians 2 Retweets 3 favorites Patrick Dollard @PatDollard 2 mar.

ISIS Tricks Starving Woman Into Eating Her Son, Then Tells Her http://bit.ly/ 1M1ECQ1 #therealstory #thefive #theKellyFile @SeanHannity 12 Retweets 2 favorites Bossy Brat @JGalt9 2 mar.

SICK SAVAGES ==>ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL #ISIS #tcot #Iraq 0 Retweet 2 favorites Alex Kauffman, D.D. @alexkauff 2 mar.

"Evil" is the only word. RT @DonnaBee511: No words. http://nyp.st/ 18EOxyL 1 Retweet 0 favorites SaltWaterGirl @DonnaBee511 2 mar.

No words. http://nyp.st/18EOxyL 1 Retweet 0 favorites Lynsey @SueLynsey 2 mar.

Just another Monday in Middle East. ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL 1 Retweet 2 favorites Chas @chasdiem 2 mar.

ISIS militants trick mother into ‘eating her kidnapped son’ | New York Post http://smar.ws/ySg1S #SmartNews 0 Retweet 0 favorites Bill Sanderson @mrgeology 2 mar.

The earth has a cancer. It is known as "ISIS". They must be obliterated. Their diseased flesh wiped from the planet. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

0 Retweet 0 favorites Bill Sanderson @mrgeology 2 mar.

Nuke them at once. RT @RBPundit: Oh my God. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/ isis-militants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/…

2 Retweets 0 favorites Keith Finnegan @KFinnegan 2 mar.

RT @ysteinbuch ISIS militants trick mother into 'eating her kidnapped son' http://nyp.st/18EOxyL via @nypost // #evil 0 Retweet 0 favorites G. @GloInTheHarry 2 mar. http://nypost.com/2015/03/02/isismilitants-trick-woman-into-eating-herkidnapped-son/… heres the article :( 3 Retweets 1 favorites

138

Theorical Analysis A → 140

How to globally define rumors?

What about “misinformation”?

B → 142

Why do we believe rumors?

Why do we think people giving informations are right?

C → 146

What kind of conditions are breeding ground for rumors?

D → 150

Could rumors be explained by their “human” nature?

E → 156

How are rumors transmitted?

Which transformation process do they usually follow?

Which impact do they have on information loss?

F → 158

Why do people believe in rumors so massively?

How to explain crowd behaviour?

A

How to globally define rumors?

What about “misinformation”?

Rumor: A Manual F.B. Huyghe 2013

The rumor is often presented as “the oldest media in the world” since word-of-mouth, the cancan, pewter, gossip, noise, often slander are probably born with articulate speech. To define more precisely the rumor, we can add: — It bears upon the statement of a fact — She is always supposed to reveal any Unknown to the interlocutor thing — It implies an incessant flow of information — It is not necessarily false or wrong.

— It is characterized by its presumed source — It can be started deliberately — If the perverse intention does not necessarily part of the definition of the rumor, it would very difficult to cite rumors rave.

— That, in the same way, if the rumor is theoretically cover everything, it often tends to return on the same themes — That often rumor provides an explanation therefore reassuring to look for rational made due to chance — That new technologies do not inhibit the extension of rumors to the contrary.

The misinformation is, in turn, deliberately spread information false to influence opinion and weaken opponent. The lie here is about reality it describes (an imaginary fact) about the person or the membership of that yields and finally on saying that its goal is to produce a injury and not to inform. This makes it an kind of lying to the cube. This strategy is against someone and indirectly through an intermediary (Media, abused Opinion), from which a game three —initiateur, public, victim may appeal to real or staged construction a pseudo-reality.

Misinformation often a political version of the libel criminal sense: the attribution falsely someone shameful behavior. The most often, misinformation blames its victims black plots, sometimes being the cleverest to accuse the victim of being itself misinformative and to discredit in advance anything she says. More simply, misinformation increases the confusion and disorder. It is the opposite of what should be the information etymological sense: in-training, formatting. Paradoxically, Internet, allowing everyone to become an editor control and almost anonymously, heavily fa-

7 ← Summary

140

Econonomics → 163

vored the outbreak of misinformation, particularly in a context of economic war.

F.B. Huyghe, in Publication de jan.er 2014, IRIS (Institut de Relations Internationales et StratĂŠgiques), PUF, 2014.

141

B

Why do we believe rumors?

Why do we think people giving informations are right?

Rumors: The World's Oldest Media J.N. Kapferer 1987

The rumor comes from his early unofficial media: it circulates through networks of personal affinity and proximity. She will often by the subject expert, or a person we expert on the subject. For example, mothers teach their daughters in Laval, Dinan or Orleans, some ticks that button very fashionable are suspect. Teenage people attending from near and far those very shops “mode” immediately enjoy an advantage of expertise. Rumors and gossip policies come to us by those who are more interested than us in the life of the city, municipal affairs. One way general speaking, we take this specialized expertise of other on micro-topics to be kept informed and know what to think. Also, if the rapporteur feels that his story does not convince, it will appeal immediately to another person, further upstream, more expert, the presumed original source: “I have it from a friend whose brother works at the Hospital X: he saw him, the President of the Republic to enter an oncology consultation.” This is an essential point: the narrator of important information (otherwise why she would relate?) Often seeks to" convince, persuade. The peddler is not neutral: it does not just announce a new slip as a letter in the mail. This involves completely, it endorsed the information dismiss is rejected. This is why the circulation of the rumor is a succession of acts of persuasion. So when he perceives that his audience has a doubt, or even to prevent that doubt the rumor transmitter invokes the supreme argument.

It takes information from a super expert, whose skills can not be questioned: a direct witness of the event or the issuer itself, the original source. There are indeed two languages of the rumor.

It was either a “hearsay” or as an “after such a well-informed source”. In the first case, the “hearsay” really refers to the group, the community: it is others who speak, that is to say the community to which we belong, as well as the relay of the rumor. The “hearsay” is a quiet call of the foot, a rallying demand consensus in the making. As evidenced by the absence of reference to an expert, to the original source, the “hearsay” does not rely on a rational adherence: he plays on the desire to belong, to join the group to participate, to Melt yourself in that “we” in this emerging consensus.

The “hearsay” is a call to social communion.

7 ← Summary

142

Econonomics → 163

The other language of the rumor involves a person considered trustworthy by the group: its competence and honesty can not be questioned. The tendency to attribute what one believes in any credible source happened most recently at the coup leading to the fall of President Salvador Allende in Santiago, Chile, on September 1, 1973. In the neighborhoods and factories occupied a rumor: General Carlos Prats, remained loyal to President Allende, dates back South with his troops. This news was allegedly captured on shortwave Argentine radio. The immediate effect of this rumor was that everyone waited Prats. It was like in Waterloo: Grouchy expected…

In reality, Carlos Prats was in Santiago, under house arrest. But fog attribute to a foreign radio, so believable, rumors persisted three days. In these circumstances, it is more than enough to swing a revolution.

Thus, for seeking a plausible and cautionnante paternity by language shortcut, desire to convince, or just repeat what the previous relay has himself said, one that reports a rumor is always presented as very close to origin. Certainly it has not itself met the man who is behind this fundamental expert who has seen and known. But he knows one who, he had access to this fundamental expert: mind. Each time, the chain is short, the original control is not far to reach: only intermediary between us and him. This means, that jump, that breaking point is always present in the rumors. It corresponds to a reality: the speaker does not take us directly from the ultimate source. It also corresponds to a function: it discourages to go check. The original control is both dramatically close, but remains out of immediate reach. It is still to believe, no check. The eternal nearby fundamental expert therefore makes it considerably more persuasive relay. In addition, it increases the value of information: it transforms it into new hot, barely hatched, therefore almost secret. The second factor determining the confidence we attach gifts to a source is its reliability: the person who warns she has brought us usually accurate or inaccurate news? The exact words are misleading and inaccurate. They perpetuate the idea that there somewhere objective, “standard” of the truth, a physical reality observable by all.

In fact, the information provided earlier by that person or not they been overturned? Learning such as epit from the area has a heavy hand when it weighs fruits and vegetables acquires the status of truth, not after a thorough investigation, but simply because there is nothing to disprove this as- sumption and, one day, alerted, we actually remark that “air” have added a few grams. Those who bring us new are not addressed to us by chance. They know

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with whom they enjoy a certain credit and from whom they are not credible: it is because we perceive it as reliable as the relays a rumor comes to us. In a way, we learn the rumor by our doubles. Moreover, it is the reliability as the trifecta. Having won a few times to have followed the advice of one or another prognostic ner, we underestimate the number of failures attributable to the same tipster and continue to view it as source of good “tips”.(1) 1. Jones E. & al., Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior, Morristown, General Leaming Press, 1972.

2. Cantril H., Gaudet H., Hertzog H., The Invasion from Mars, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1940.

The psychology research shows that once our opinion on a person, our perception of the facts that could prove or disprove this view is biased manner. We undervalue the facts that refute our initial opinion. Similarly, we believe some people because sometimes they proved we learned checked. Selectively forgotten, biased allocation come overshadow the other cases. Accepting as true information depends on the frame of reference that everyone uses to evaluate it. If the information is consistent with the framework used, it acquires a high probability of being accepted as true. The case of the invasion of Mar- want illustrates the role of frameworks. On the evening of October 30, 1938, the United States on a national radio, Orson Welles was broadcasting room: it was the simulation of what would happen if a flying saucer posed in New York, a prelude to invasion Martians.(2) The room was built as a live reportage, with teams of journalists trying to approach the place of landing, the specialists of Astronomy, Astrophysics came running out of breath or commenting live on the phone, the general Army mobilized corps, officials of the Red Cross, etc. This piece was duly registered as “play” in all radio programs included in newspapers and magazines. That night, thousands of Americans falling on the show were literally panicked: in all the United States, people began to pray, crying, fleeing by car with just a few bags. Other swooped in a loved one, with a relative to pick him up and allow him to escape. Many warned their neighbors phoned to prevent or say goodbye to their relatives called the police and the media to learn more. Of the six million people who heard the radio program, a million was deeply touched by it. For them, it was more than realistic play, it was an outright tion information, the current reality. The unexpected and unintended consequences of the show encouraged researchers to question those who most believed, to the point of not even look to see if there was an information or a successful simulation. The majority of these were thought frameworks allowing information to appear normal, to fit easily into the order predictable and normal things. These were: —Very religious people, particularly members of the fundamental144

ist religious communities, expecting at any moment to the end of the world; —People very sensitized by the rising risk of a new war and who believed in the imminence of an attack by a foreign power. An invasion —whether Japanese, Nazi or Martian— was not unlikely. Believing people with extraordinary powers of science and who expected some catastrophe confusedly in return, according to the scenario of the “sorcerer's apprentice”.

Rumeurs, Le plus vieux média du monde, Éditions Du Seuil, February 1987, p.80-89.

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C

What kind of conditions are breeding ground for rumors?

The Basic Psychology of Rumor G.W. Allport & L.J. Postman 1945

During the year 1942, rumor became a national problem of considerable urgency. Its first dangerous manifestation was felt soon after the initial shock of Pearl Harbor. This traumatic event dislocated our normal channels of communication by bringing into existence an unfamiliar and unwelcome, if at the same time a relatively mild, censorship of news, and1 it simultaneously dislocated the lives of millions of citizens whose futures abruptly became hostages to fortune. This combination of circumstances created the most fertile of all possible soils for the propagation of rumor.

We now know that rumors concerning a given subjectmatter will circulate within a group in proportion to the importance and the ambiguity of this subject-matter in the lives of individual members of the group. The affair of Pearl Harbor was fraught with both importance and ambiguity to nearly every citizen. The affair was important because of the potential danger it represented to all of us, and because its aftermath of mobilization affected evety life. It was ambiguous because no one seemed quite certain of the extenent of, reasons for, or consequences of the attack. Since the two conditions of rumor —importance and ambiguity— were at a maximum, we had an unprecedented flood of what became known as “Pearl Harbor rumors.” It was said that our fleet was “wiped out” that Washington didn't dare to tell the extent of the damage, that Hawaii was in the hands of the Japanese. So widespread and so demoralizing were these tales that, on February 23, 1942, President Roosevelt broadcast a speech devoted entirely to denying the harmful rumors and to reiterating the official report on the losses.

Did the solemn assurance of the Commander in Chief restore the confidence of the people and eliminate the tales of suspicion and fear? It so happens that a bit of objective evidence on this question became available to us almost by accident. On the twentieth of February, before the President's speech, we had asked approximately 200 college students whether they thought our losses at Pearl Harbor were “greater,” “much greater,” or “no greater” than the official Knox report had stated. Among these students, 68 percent had believed the demoralizing rumors in preference to the official report, and insisted that the losses were “greater” or “much greater” than Washington admitted. Then came the President's speech. On

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February 25 an equivalent group of college students were asked the same question.

Among those who had not heard or read the speech the proportion of rumor-believers was still about two thirds. But among those who were acquainted with the President's speech, the number of rumorbelievers fell by 24 percent. It is important to note that, in spite of the utmost efforts of the highest authority to allay anxiety, approximately 44 percent of the college population studied were too profoundly affected by the event and by the resulting rumors to accept the reassurance.

The year 1942 was characterized by floods of similar fear-inspired tales. Shipping losses were fantastically exaggerated. Knapp records one instance where a collier was sunk through accident near the Cape Cod Canal. So great was the anxiety of the New England public that this incident became a fantastic tale of an American ship being torpedoed with the loss of thousands of nurses who were aboard her (1944). Such wild stories, as we have said, are due to the grave importance of the subject for the average citizen and to the ambiguity to him of the objective situation. This ambiguity may result from the failure of communications, or from a total lack of authentic news, a condition that often prevailed in wartorn countries or among isolated bands of troops who had few reliable sources of news. Again, the ambiguity may be due to the receipt of conflicting news stories, no one more credible than another; or it may be due (as in the case of the Pearl Harbor rumors) to the distrust of many people in the candor of the Administration and in the operation of wartime censorship. As the war progressed, a higher degree of confidence in our news services was rapidly achieved, and rumors concurrently subsided.

The principal reason why rumor circulates can be briefly stated. It circulates because it seroes the twin function of explaining and relieving emotional tensions felt by individuals.(1) 1. This brief formula leaves out of account only the relatively few rumors which seem to serve the purpose of "phatic communication" —a form of idle conversation to facilitate social intercourse. When a full occurs in a conversation, an individual may "fill in" with the latest bit of gossip that comes to mind, without being motivated by the deeper tensions that underlie the great bulk of rumor mongering.

The Pearl Harbor rumors, for example, helped to explain to the teller why he felt such distressing anxiety. Would his jitters not be justified if it were true that our protecting fleet was “wiped out” at Pearl Harbor? Something serious must have happened to account for his anxiety. Families deprived of sons, husbands, or fathers vaguely cast around for someone to blame for their privation.

Well, the Jews, who were said to be evading the draft, were “obviously” not doing their share and thus the heavy burden falling on “good citizens” was explained.

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True, this draft-evasion charge did not last very long, owing, no doubt, to the inescapable evidence of heavy enlistments among Jews and of their heroic conduct in the war.

But when shortages were felt, the traditional Jewish scapegoat was again trotted out as a convenient explanation of the privations suffered. Their operation of the black market “explained” our annoying experiences in the futile pursuit of an evening lamb chop.

To blame others verbally is not only a mode of explanation for one's emotional distress, but is at the same time a mode of relief.

Everyone knows the reduction of tension that comes after administering a tongue lashing. It matters little whether the victim of the tongue lashing is guilty or not. Dressing down anyone to his face or behind his back has the strange property of temporarily reducing hatred felt against this person or, what is more remarkable, of reducing hatred felt against any person or thing. If you wish to deflate a taut inner tube you can unscrew the valve or you can make a puncture. Unscrewing the valve corresponds to directing our hostility toward the Nazis or Japanese, who were the cause of our suffering. Making a puncture corresponds to displacing the hostility upon innocent victims or scapegoats. In either case, the air will escape and relaxation follow. To blame Jews, Negroes, the Administration, brass hats, the OPA, or the politicians is to bring a certain relief from accumulated feelings of hostility, whatever their true cause. Relief, odd as it may seem, comes also from “bogey” rumors.

To tell my neighbor that the Cape Cod Canal is choked with corpses is an easy manner of projecting into the outer world my own choking anxieties concerning my son or my friends in combat service.

Having shared my anxiety with my friend by telling him exaggerated tales of losses or of atrocities, I no longer feel so much alone and helpless. I brough my rumor-spreading, others, too, are put “on the alert.” I therefore feel reassured.

SHARPENING We may define sharpening as the selective perception, retention, and reporting of a limited number of details from a larger context.

Sharpening is inevitably the reciprocal of leveling. The one cannot exist without the other, for what little remains to a rumor after leveling has taken place is by contrast unavoidably featured.

Although sharpening occurs in every protocol, the same items are not always emphasized. Sometimes, a trifling detail such as a subway advertising card becomes the focus of attention and report.

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Around it the whole rumor becomes structured. But, in most experiments, this same detail drops out promptly, and is never heard of after the first reproduction. One way in which sharpening seems to be determined is through the retention of odd or attentiongetting words which, having appeared early in the series, catch the attention of each succes.sive listener and are often passed on in preference to other details intrisically more important to the story. An instance of this effect is seen in a series of protocols where the statement, “there is a boy stealing and a man remonstrating with him” is transmitted throughout the entire series. The unusual word “remonstrate” somehow caught the attention of each successive listener and was passed on without change.(…)

It is apparent that both leveling and sharpening arc selective processes. But what is it that leads to the obliteration of some details and the pointing-up of others; and what accounts for all transpositions, importations, and other falsifications that mark the course of rumor? The answer is to be… found in the process of assimilation, which has to do with the powerful attractive force exerted upon rumor by habits, interests, and sentiments existing in the listener's mind.

It generally happens that items become sharpened or leveled to fit the leading motif of the story, and they become consistent with this motif in such a way as to make the resulting story more coherent, plausible, and well-rounded. Thus, in one series of rumors, the war theme is preserved and emphasized in all reports. In some experiments using the same picture, a chaplain is introduced, or people (in the plural) are reported as being killed; the ambulance becomes a Red Cross station; demolished buildings arc multiplied in the telling; the extent of devastation is exaggerated.

All these reports, false though they are, fit the principal theme-a battle incident. If the reported details were actually present in the picture, they would make a “better” Gestalt. Objects wholly extraneous to the theme are never introduced no apple pies, no ballet dancers, no baseball players. Besides importations, we find other falsifications in the interest of supp01ting the principal theme. The original picture shows that the Red Cross truck is loaded with explosives, but it is ordinarily reported as carrying medical supplies which is, of course, the way it “ought” to be.

The Basic Psychology of Rumor, Gordon W. Allport, Leo J. Postman; New-York Academy of Sciences, Series II, 1945, VIII, p.61-81.

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D

Could rumors be explained by their “human” nature?

The Watercooler effect N. Di Fonzo 2008

I asked my wife last day if she had a watercooler in her office. “It's called a coffeepot,” she replied. She had correctly understood my question. I was wondering about the spot where people happened to gather, where hearsay tends to get passed along. Wherever people live, work, or play in community, the watercooler effect springs up. It transpires around a watercooler, near a coffeepot, at a pub, in a piazza, on the quad, in a chat room, on the street, at a barbershop, in a blog, or over a backyard fence. The watercooler effect occurs wherever rumors flow. Herman Melville wrote about the watercooler aboard a Navy frigate he sailed as a common seaman in his so novel, Whitejacket.

It was called the scuttle-butt: The scuttle-butt is a goodly, round, painted cask, standing on end, and with its upper head removed, showing a narrow, circular shelf within, where rest a number of tin cups for the accommodation of drinkers. Central, within the scuttle-butt itself, stands an iron pump, which, connecting with the immense water-tanks in the hold, furnishes an unfailing supply of the much-admired Pale Ale. Melville described it as a crowded spot where five hundred sailors, servants, and cooks from all parts of the ship gathered throughout the day to get water. The scuttle-butt was the place where informal communication and rumor flourished: “There is no part of a frigate where you will see more going and coming of strangers, and overhear more greetings and gossipings of acquaintances, than in the immediate vicinity of the scuttle-butt…” Slaking his thirst, a sailor might announce to anyone in earshot: “We're bound for Boston straightway- ! overheard the Captain's man.” Or whisper: “The Secretary of the Navy is a corrupt old buzzard!” Or complain: “In Norfolk, I hear there are signs saying: 'Dogs and sailors keep off the grass!” Word would often spread rapidly through the ship's crew by way of the scuttle-butt. And so over the years, the term has come to mean any sort of rumor, hearsay, wordof- mouth, or gossip.

This book is about the psychology of what happens at the “scuttlebutts” of the world. It concerns basic mental and social processes that occur whenever people interact informally, whether face-toface around a watercooler, over the telephone, or “virtually” on the Internet. It explores our collective intelligence in the face of uncertainty. It delves into the dynamic sensemaking that is char-

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acteristic of our human social experience. It is about the extraordinary power of the ordinary phenomenon we call “rumor”.

At the time I write this, ex-KGB spy Alexander Litvinenko has died from poisoning by the radioactive reagent polonium-lto. Police first thought he was slipped the lethal substance at a sushi bar in London while meeting with an Italian, Mario Scaramella; Scaramella also tested positive for the poison though only mildly.

Since then, suspicion has fallen on another ex-KGB agent, Andrei Lugovoi, who met with Litvinenko for tea the same day. In this cloak-and-dagger saga reminiscent of a good spy novel, Litvincnko issued a public deathbed indictment of Russian president Vladimir Putin as the perpetrator of this crime. Rumors about Litvinenko's demise proliferate: One portrays the poisoning as suicide; another that Scaramella would also perish; a third that British atomic scientists have ascertained the polonium-210 was man-made and originated in a Russian nuclear reactor. Time may- or may not- ferret out the facts of this real-life political thriller.

Rumors are frequently entwined with the events of the day. In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, for example, rumors flowed freely: “Beware of Ryder, U-Haul, and Verizon trucks: in the past twenty-four hours, thirty of them (rented by persons of Arab ancestry) were not returned- doubtless to be employed in deadly terrorist bombings.” “A towboat and a Coast Guard post- both in Mississippi- were showered with anthrax by crop-dusting aircraft.” “Federal Emergency Management Agency personnel were dispatched to New York City the day bifore the September 11 attacks, proving that the government knew of them in advance.”

These stories reflect some of the human qualms, quirks, queries, and fears that filled those days.

On an intuitive level, all of us can relate to rumors; we attend to, discuss, or disseminate them- often daily. They are a fundamental phenomenon of social beings. Every person on the planet in every period of human history has almost certainly been affected by or involved in some aspect of hearsay. It is a universal human enterprise. Rumors proliferate wherever people interact. There are computer rumors, corporate rumors, disaster rumors, medical rumors, military rumors, personnel rumors, political rumors, school rumors, and rumors about religion, race, and relationships. Workplace rumors are particularly widespread. In the fall of 1992, workers at the General Motors automotive plant in Ypsilanti, Michigan, were informed that the facility would be shut down by the end of the following summer. Standing in an employee parking lot in front of a sign proclaiming “Park your Foreign-Made Vehicles Elsewhere- NOT HERE,” union boss Bob Harlow told the press that he hadn't received much else in the way of information. Rumors cir151

culated wildly among plant workers, who were naturally worried about the future of their jobs: “The plant will be taken over by the Japanese.” NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is to blame. “The plant will stay open to produce the Saturn.” It was a trying time for these employees, and in this era of mounting globalization, an oft-repeated state of affairs in the manufacturing sector. The study of hearsay has much to say about the psychology of persons and groups. My rumor research has helped me to understand how people perceive and think of themselves, others, and the world.

Rumor investigations have afforded me insight into people's anxieties. Understanding rumor has widened my knowledge of how attitudes arise and are altered, how people process data, how we collectively cultivate explanations, how prejudices and stereotypes surface and stay afloat, how conflicts spiral out of control, how person-to-person relationships and rapport are preserved in conversation, the paramount value of interpersonal trust in all human transactions, and why public relations schemes may or may not persuade. Rumor has a lot to teach us about the psyche of Homo sapiens. Rumor is intriguing, ubiquitous, and provides a porthole into human psychology. These arc all good reasons for researching rumor- but they were not my reasons at the time I began this line of inquiry.

My work on hearsay is like the hobby of long-distance running.

Joggers often commence with practical incentives- such as weight loss or social pressure- until more noble impulses begin to dominate: devotion to the sport, the rush of the “runner's high,” appreciation of the “art” of movement, love of the landscape. For me, rumor was an idea that my illustrious and encouraging advisor, Ralph L. Rosnow, was interested in. Ralph- a prodigious intellect known primarily for his pioneering work on techniques in data analysis, philosophical issues in psychology, and volunteer subject effects- has contributed much to what is known about rumor.

Ralph prodded me into the pursuit of hearsay.

Ralph became interested in rumor after reading Gordon W. Allport and Leo Postman's seminal work on the topic, The Psychology of Rumor, published in 1947. Allport and Postman had researched rumor using a system similar to the game of “whisper down the lane.” In their studies, each person passed a verbal description of a picture- from memory- on to the next person down the line.

No discussion was permitted. Because people can remember only so much data at any one moment, these serially transmitted “rumors” got smaller- that is, details and fine points of the message

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were lost with each retelling. As stated by Allport and Postman, rumors “shrunk.” However, Ralph observed just the opposite in a real rumor that commenced in 1969, that Paul McCartney of the Beatlcs was dead. This rumor seemed to grow over time- that is, the details associated with the story increased in number. For example: McCartney's death was signified by his bare feet on the cover of the Abbey Road album; the band was covering up his passing; John Lennon sang “I buried Paul” at the end of “Strawberry Fields Forever”; and a Life magazine photo of Paul was fabricated.

Additional development; about Paul's demise seemed to arise each week. This apparent contradiction- rumors grew but they were supposed to shrink-piqued Ralph's curiosity and he soon discovered a dearth of scientific study in this area.

The rumor research terrain was untilled. But by the time I met Ralph in 1990, he had conducted numerous investigations on the topic and had written nearly a score of important scholarly manuscripts on rumor. Ralph's work greatly widened what we know about the psychology of rumor. One afternoon, Ralph asked me to stop by the campus library and copy a recent article by John Pound and Richard Zeckhauser, professors at Harvard University.

Pound and Zeckhauser were interested in rumors about corporate takeovers and mergers. When corporations merge, their stock values often rise dramatically. Investors pay attention to hearsay about takeovers and mergers. corporations merge, their stock values often rise dramatically. Investors pay attention to hearsay about takeovers and mergers. Theoretically, a rumored stock could be purchased and then sold later at a great profit, particularly if the rumor proved true.

This leads to an intriguing question: Is trading on rumored stocks indeed profi table? Pound and Zeckhauser stated the problem more precisely: would an investor who bought stock based on rumors do better than if he had simply invested in standard bluechip stocks? In other words, do people who trade on rumors earn more money than the market as a whole? To answer this question, they carefully collected published rumors from the Heard on the Street column of The Wall Street Journal and compared the performance of these rumored stocks with the market average. Heard on the Street often prints word of mouth heard in the financial marketplace. Pound and Zeckhauser found that investors who heeded the advice of Heard on the Street hearsay did no better than the average. Contrary to the accepted wisdom of many on Wall Street, stock market rumors-at least those published in Heard on the Street- afforded no great advantage to investors. Pound and

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Zeckhauser were not bullish on rumors. Ralph and I thought the study was fascinating, and we wondered whether there might be a way to study rumor using the stock market.

At the time, this prospect appeared rather daunting; I knew very little about securities and stock trading. But I soon discovered how I could use the “stock market” to study rumor. One day, Ralph was seated at his desk sorting mail. I sat there pondering the stacks of paper, journals, books, theses, articles, and dissertations covering every inch of horizontal surface and stuffing the many shelves and filing cabinets of his large corner office. A young psychologist named Paul Andreassen had sent him a recent paper published in the prestigious Journal of Personality & Social Psychology titled “On the social psychology of the stock market.” Paul's article was about how news affects stock trading. “Are you interested in this?”

Ralph asked. I took the piece from his hands and packed it away for my commute home. I was skeptical if anything would come of reading it; I found equation-filled econometric articles about the stock market to be a great antidote for insomnia. But my fears were unfounded- Paul's paper proved a page-turner.

In Paul's studies, college students participated in a stock market game where they traded Goodyear stock over sixty “days.” Each day lasted only twenty seconds, so the entire experience entailed approximately twenty minutes. These “investors” were given some play shares of the stock and real money at the start of the game, and could buy or sell the security each day- or do nothing.

Of course prices changed each day, so the trick was to buy low and sell highone of life's not-so-secret rules that you can't ignore if you hope to turn a profit in any business venture. Some of the investors also received several news reports, similar to what bona fide brokers experience. The news always agreed with that day's price change.

For example, the headline “Goodyear Profits Up” would always be paired with a price increase that day. This is how it works in real life- it would be bizarre indeed if price downturns were accompanied by positive news, or price upturns were paired with negative news. (This happens because journalist try to explain the day's price change with news that makes sense of the change.) Other investors did not receive any news; they made their trading decisions based only on each day's price changes. So the question was: Which condition-news or no news- would be more profitable? Paul found that no news is good news, at least when it comes to trading stock. Hearing news seemed to hinder investors from following that time-honored buy low-sell high market strategy. Traders pre-

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sented with news made far less money than those who heard nothing. This result was remarkably counterintuitive; real-world investors often pay close attention to- and hard cash for-the news in hopes of making better investment decisions. But Paul had found that ignorance, at least concerning news about securities, might indeed be bliss.

The Watercooler effect: A psychologist Explores the Extraordinary Power of Human Nicholas DiFonzo, p.1-8, Penguin Group, 2008.

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E

How are rumors transmitted?

Which transformation process do they usually follow?

Which impact do they have on information loss?

Some Experiments on the Reproduction of Folk-Stories F. C. Bartlett 1920

When a story is passed on from one person to another, each man repeating, as he imagines, what he has heard from the last narrator, it undergoes many successive changes before it at length arrives at that relatively fixed form in which it may become current throughout a whole community.

To discover the principles according to which successive versions in such a process of change may be traced, presents problems of considerable interest, both for psychology and for sociology.

Moreover, precisely the same type of problems confront investigators who endeavour to study the diffusion of decorative and representative art forms, of music, of social customs, institutions, and beliefs, and in fact, of almost every element which enters into the varied and complex life of man in society.

One possible line of approach to the study of these problems is by way of psychological experiment. No doubt many of the most potent influences which help to determine the nature and direction of conventionalisation in daily life are definitely social in origin.

And such influences are not clearly brought out by the type of experiment the results of which I propose to discuss in the present paper.

In these experiments subjects effected their reproduction of the presented material rather as isolated individuals than definitely as members of a group. Nevertheless, as the results show, the reproductions themselves illustrate the operation of principles which undoubtedly help to determine the direction and character of conventionalisation as it occurs in everyday experience. And it cannot be forgotten that in none of his reactions is the individual wholly free from influences due immediately to his place in a community.

It often happens that a folk-story which has been developed in a certain social group gets passed on to another which possesses different habits of life and thought, different social institutions, customs, beliefs, and belongs to a widely divergent level of devel-

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opment. Thereupon A, repeating the story to B, involuntarily introduces slight changes, perhaps replacing the name of an object which he has rarely or never seen by that of some other object with which he is familiar. B carries on the same process, and in this manner, by means of a number of alterations, many of them apparently trivial in nature, the material is gradually reduced to a relatively fixed form which, congenial to its new environment, bears only what may be called a “family likeness” to the story as found in the other community. It is then highly probable that, owing to the striking divergencies of the two versions, it will be denied that one could ever have been derived from the other, and a theory of their independent origin will be put forward.

In any attempt experimentally to investigate the problems thus arising, three ways in which change may be induced call for separate study. First, there are those changes which a single individual tends to reproduce by reason of repeated reproductions. Second, there are the results of the numerous successive changes introduced when a series of reproductions are obtained from different individuals, each person operating upon the reproduction of his immediate predecessor in the series. Third, there are the types of change which may be observed when these two ways of obtaining reproductions are mixed, and interchange of material under known conditions is effected.

“Some Experiments on the Reproduction of Folk-Stories”, in Folklore, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Mar. 30, 1920), pp. 30-47 Published by: Taylor & Francis, on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.

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F

Why do people believe in rumors so massively?

How to explain crowd behaviour?

The Crowd, A Study of the Popular Mind G. Le Bon 1896

When studying the fundamental characteristics of a crowd we stated that it is guided almost exclusively by unconscious motives. Its acts are far more under the influence of the spinal cord than of the brain. In this respect a crowd is closely akin to quite primitive beings. The acts performed may be perfect so far as their execution is concerned, but as they are not directed by the brain, the individual conducts himself according as the exciting causes to which he is submitted may happen to decide. A crowd is at the mercy of all external exciting causes, and reflects their incessant variations. It is the slave of the impulses which it receives. The isolated individual may be submitted to the same exciting causes as the man in a crowd, but as his brain shows him the inadvisability of yielding to them, he refrains from yielding. This truth may be physiologically expressed by saying that the isolated individual possesses the capacity of dominating his reflex actions, while a crowd is devoid of this capacity.

The varying impulses to which crowds obey may be, according to their exciting causes, generous or cruel, heroic or cowardly, but they will always be so imperious that the interest of the individual, even the interest of self-preservation, will not dominate them. The exciting causes that may act on crowds being so varied, and crowds always obeying them, crowds are in consequence extremely mobile. This explains how it is that we see them pass in a moment from the most bloodthirsty ferocity to the most extreme generosity and heroism. A crowd may easily enact the part of an executioner, but not less easily that of a martyr. It is crowds that have furnished the torrents of blood requisite for the triumph of every belief. It is not necessary to go back to the heroic ages to see what crowds are capable of in this latter direction. They are never sparing of their life in an insurrection, and not long since a general, becoming suddenly popular, might easily have found a hundred thousand men ready to sacrifice their lives for his cause had he demanded it.

Any display of premeditation by crowds is in consequence out of the question. They may be animated in succession by the most contrary sentiments, but they will always be under the influence of

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the exciting causes of the moment. They are like the leaves which a tempest whirls up and scatters in every direction and then allows to fall. When studying later on certain revolutionary crowds we shall give some examples of the variability of their sentiments.

This mobility of crowds renders them very difficult to govern, especially when a measure of public authority has fallen into their hands. Did not the necessities of everyday life constitute a sort of invisible regulator of existence, it would scarcely be possible for democracies to last. Still, though the wishes of crowds are frenzied they are not durable. Crowds are as incapable of willing as of thinking for any length of time.

A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realisation of its desire. It is the less capable of understanding such an intervention, in consequence of the feeling of irresistible power given it by its numerical strength. The notion of impossibility disappears for the individual in a crowd. An isolated individual knows well enough that alone he cannot set fire to a palace or loot a shop, and should he be tempted to do so, he will easily resist the temptation. Making part of a crowd, he is conscious of the power given him by number, and it is sufficient to suggest to him ideas of murder or pillage for him to yield immediately to temptation. An unexpected obstacle will be destroyed with frenzied rage. Did the human organism allow of the perpetuity of furious passion, it might be said that the normal condition of a crowd baulked in its wishes is just such a state of furious passion. As is the case with all persons under the influence of suggestion, the idea which has entered the brain tends to transform itself into an act.

Whether the act is that of setting fire to a palace, or involves selfsacrifice, a crowd lends itself to it with equal facility. All will depend on the nature of the exciting cause, and no longer, as in the case of the isolated individual, on the relations existing between the act suggested and the sum total of the reasons which may be urged against its realisation.

In consequence, a crowd perpetually hovering on the borderland of unconsciousness, readily yielding to all suggestions, having all the violence of feeling peculiar to beings who cannot appeal to the influence of reason, deprived of all critical faculty, cannot be otherwise than excessively credulous. The improbable does not exist for a crowd, and it is necessary to bear this circumstance well in mind to understand the facility with which are created and propa-

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gated the most improbable legends and stories.

The creation of the legends which so easily obtain circulation in crowds is not solely the consequence of their extreme credulity. It is also the result of the prodigious perversions that events undergo in the imagination of a throng. The simplest event that comes under the observation of a crowd is soon totally transformed. A crowd thinks in images, and the image itself immediately calls up a series of other images, having no logical connection with the first.

We can easily conceive this state by thinking of the fantastic succession of ideas to which we are sometimes led by calling up in our minds any fact. Our reason shows us the incoherence there is in these images, but a crowd is almost blind to this truth, and confuses with the real event what the deforming action of its imagination has superimposed thereon. A crowd scarcely distinguishes between the subjective and the objective. It accepts as real the images evoked in its mind, though they most often have only a very distant relation with the observed fact.

The ways in which a crowd perverts any event of which it is a witness ought, it would seem, to be innumerable and unlike each other, since the individuals composing the gathering are of very different temperaments. But this is not the case. As the result of contagion the perversions are of the same kind, and take the same shape in the case of all the assembled individuals.

The first perversion of the truth effected by one of the individuals of the gathering is the starting-point of the contagious suggestion.

Before St. George appeared on the walls of Jerusalem to all the Crusaders he was certainly perceived in the first instance by one of those present. By dint of suggestion and contagion the miracle signalised by a single person was immediately accepted by all.

Such is always the mechanism of the collective hallucinations so frequent in history â&#x20AC;&#x201D; hallucinations which seem to have all the recognised characteristics of authenticity, since they are phenomena observed by thousands of persons. To combat what precedes, the mental quality of the individuals composing a crowd must not be brought into consideration. This quality is without importance.

From the moment that they form part of a crowd the learned man and the ignoramus are equally incapable of observation.

This thesis may seem paradoxical. To demonstrate it beyond doubt it would be necessary to investigate a great number of historical facts, and several volumes would be insufficient for the purpose.

Still, as I do not wish to leave the reader under the impression of

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unproved assertions, I shall give him some examples taken at hazard from the immense number of those that might be quoted.

The mechanism of a collective hallucination of the kind we have explained is clearly seen at work in this example. On the one hand we have a crowd in a state of expectant attention, on the other a suggestion made by the watch signalling a disabled vessel at sea, a suggestion which, by a process of contagion, was accepted by all those present, both officers and sailors. It is not necessary that a crowd should be numerous for the faculty of seeing what is taking place before its eyes to be destroyed and for the real facts to be replaced by hallucinations unrelated to them. As soon as a few individuals are gathered together they constitute a crowd, and, though they should be distinguished men of learning, they assume all the characteristics of crowds with regard to matters outside their speciality. The faculty of observation and the critical spirit possessed by each of them individually at once disappears.

An ingenious psychologist, Mr. Davey, supplies us with a very curious example in point, recently cited in the Annales des Sciences Psychiques, and deserving of relation here. Mr. Davey, having convoked a gathering of distinguished observers, among them one of the most prominent of English scientific men, Mr. Wallace, executed in their presence, and after having allowed them to examine the objects and to place seals where they wished, all the regulation spiritualistic phenomena, the materialisation of spirits, writing on slates, &c. Having subsequently obtained from these distinguished observers written reports admitting that the phenomena observed could only have been obtained by supernatural means, he revealed to them that they were the result of very simple tricks. “The most astonishing feature of Monsieur Davey’s investigation,” writes the author of this account, “is not the marvellousness of the tricks themselves, but the extreme weakness of the reports made with respect to them by the non-initiated witnesses. It is clear, then,” he says, “that witnesses even in number may give circumstantial relations which are completely erroneous, but whose result is that, if their descriptions are accepted as exact, the phenomena they describe are inexplicable by trickery. The methods invented by Mr. Davey were so simple that one is astonished that he should have had the boldness to employ them; but he had such a power over the mind of the crowd that he could persuade it that it saw what it did not see.” Here, as always, we have the power of the hypnotiser over the hypnotised. Moreover, when this power is seen in action on minds of a superior order and previously invited to be

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suspicious, it is understandable how easy it is to deceive ordinary crowds.

The Crowd, A Study of the Popular Mind, G. Le Bon, 1896, Kitchener 2001, p.20-24.

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Economics

2015-01-08

A CHINESE MOTHER ATTEMPTED TO SELL HER SON TO PAY FOR HIS MEDICAL TREATMENT The Mirror UK first ran the story around noon on Jan. 6, with watermarked images from the Central European News agency. CEN owns croatiantimes.com, which ran a story at 1 pm, claiming the pictures were published in local Chinese media. (See below for that link.) CEN and its sister sites have been sources of dubious stories in the past. We are working to get a translation of the sign and other details.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/ shocking-picture-shows-mother-trying-4927103 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/shocking-pictureshows-mother-trying-4927103

Shocking picture shows mother trying to sell her own son to pay for twin daughter's cancer treatment 12:07, 6 January 2015 By David Rogers A Chinese couple facing a real life Sophie’s Choice are trying to sell their young son to pay for lifesaving cancer treatment for his twin sister.Meng Xiangyan was photographed on the streets with her infant son holding a placard offering to sell him to the highest bidder.Meng, 29, said they have been forced to make the heartbreaking choice because her daughter faces certain death without chemotherapy.They are prepared to sell the boy to a good home to give both a chance of life.

Mum Meng Xiangyan has gone onto the street to try and raise the money for her ill daughter by selling their son who is the girl's twin.

Meng said: “Up until a year ago we had a wonderful family and we thought we had everything we could need with a wonderful little boy and a wonderful little girl who are twins.“But all that changed when my daughter was diagnosed as suffering from leukemia in August of last year and we spent all of our savings and borrowed everything we could from friends and relatives.“It still wasn’t enough, and now we are hoping to raise cash from the sale of our son.”

Mum Meng Xiangyan has gone onto the street to try and raise the money for her ill daughter by selling their son who is the girl's twin.

Meng has been touting her son on Weihai Road in Qingdao, in China’s eastern Shandong, province while he eats what appears to be candied fruitThe family have been told his sister is suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and needs urgent medical treatment that includes chemotherapy every 10 days at the nearby 165

Rizhao Municipal Hospital.

Mum Meng Xiangyan has gone onto the street to try and raise the money for her ill daughter by selling their son who is the girl's twin.

The family have sold their apartment and everything in it and are now living in a tiny 10sqm flat close to where the chemotherapy is being carried out.They are struggling to heat the tiny apartment which is vital to prevent the child, weakened by chemotherapy, from suffering in the cold which could be fatal.It follows a case last month where a woman was spotted trying to sell her baby daughter on the streets of China to pay her husband’s £10,000 medical bill.

The rumor has been shared 9726 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 8 jan.

UNVERIFIED story claims Chinese mother tried to sell son to pay for twin sister's treatment: http://buff.ly/1DBwG5k 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

PHOTOS: Parents decide to sell son to raise money to pay for Medical treatment for his twin sister: A Chinese… http://bit.ly/1Fl1CLY 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Al Aan TV @alaantv 8 jan. ‫ يبيعان طفلهما لتوفير الكيماوي‬:‫في الصين‬ http://www.alaan.tv/news/entertainment/ 121947/chinese-parents-sell-son-healsister…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites

GIST @Gist2014 6 jan.

Parents Decide To Sell Their Son To Pay For Medical Treatment For His Twin Sister: A Chinese couple who can’t… http://bit.ly/1ABNWIe 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Mojisola Delano @MojiDelanoBlog 7 jan.

MojiDelano's Blog: Chinese Parents Sell Son In Other To Raise Money For Their Daughters Medical… http://fb.me/7bvQX9i0J 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Sirmuwell John'Son @DopeWondar 6 jan.

Parents want to sell their SON to pay for twin sister’s medical bill (Photos): GistReel A Chinese couple who c… http://bit.ly/1w0iey3 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Andreas Baader @stop1984 7 jan.

Chinese parents try to sell son to pay for twin daughter's cancer treatment http://mirr.im/1BFndbX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Davincii Williams @Davincii_lee 6 jan.

Parents want to sell their SON to pay for twin sister’s medical bill (Photos): GistReel A Chinese coup… http://bit.ly/ 1w0i2i8 #TSCEnt 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Scherfrosty @ocmcpaul 7 jan.

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okolie marvellous @marvellous997 6 jan.

Parents sell SON to pay for medical treatment for his sister in China: A Chinese couple who… http://goo.gl/fb/ yN5OmP 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Trending Cancer News @cancerolizer 6 jan.

Chinese parents try to sell son to pay for twin daughter's #cancer treatment http://cancer.trendolizer.com/2015/01/ chinese-parents-try-to-sell-son-to-payfor-twin-daughters-cancertreatment.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Cocoa Farmer's Son † @Obiba_Qwajo 6 jan.

RT @kwakuNyan: LOL RT @DailyMirror: Chinese parents try to sell son to pay for twin daughter's cancer treatment 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daily Mirror @DailyMirror 6 jan.

Chinese parents try to sell son to pay for twin daughter's cancer treatment http://mirr.im/1BFndbX 58 Retweets 8 Favorites Mhairi Macfarlane @MhairiMacfa 6 jan.

Chinese parents try to sell son to pay for twin daughter's cancer treatment http://mirr.im/1BFndbX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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2015-01-19

THE IPHONE 6S WILL HAVE A DUAL-LENS CAMERA Reporters He Peiru and Xiaojun Hui published the rumor Jan. 13 on Money.UND.com. They cited unnamed supply-chain insiders as their source.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/13/ 7537011/iphone-6-camera-editorial Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/13/7537011/iphone-6-cameraeditorial

"To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera

By Vlad Savov on January 13, 2015 10:11 am I was at Intel’s CES booth, composing a photo with my Android smartphone, when a pair of anonymous hands thrust a shining iPhone 6 Plus into my line of vision. A nonchalant tap of the camera shutter button later, the hands were pulling back, having captured a stupendously clear and sharp picture on the first attempt. By the time I’d completed my routine of setting proper focus and steadying myself, the dude who’d beaten me to a better shot with none of the effort was already walking away. It was enough to make anyone sink into a deep state of gadget envy. For a show overrun with various visions of smart drones and smarter homes for the future, the present of CES was remarkably uniform.

I saw more iPhones in the hands of CES attendees than I did Android phones across the countless exhibitor booths. From the biggest keynote event to the smallest stall on the show floor, everything was being documented with Apple’s latest smartphone, and it all looked so irritatingly easy. I don’t want an iPhone, but dammit, I want the effortlessness of the iPhone’s camera. I don’t want an iPhone, but dammit, I want the effortlessness of the iPhone’s camera The iPhone’s lead as the smartphone to beat has rarely been defined by just one thing. At one point, the biggest advantage was the simplicity and speed of its interface; at another, it was down to the diversity and quality of available apps; and most recently, the iPhone has distinguished itself with the quality of its 8-megapixel camera. Today, the combination of all these things — simple and fast operation, strong optics and image processing, and a wide app ecosystem — is helping people create the best possible images with the least possible hassle. The effortlessness of taking good pictures with the iPhone is probably that phone’s most underrated quality. And yet, its importance grows with every passing day. Consider how vital the camera in

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any modern smartphone is. Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter are the most popular communication platforms, and they’re all either image-centric or moving toward a greater reliance on visuals. To get the most out of Pinterest, Tumblr, Foursquare check-ins, or Yelp restaurant reviews, you’ll want to be able to take quick and easy mobile pictures. The standard that must be reached isn’t so much about image quality as it is about quickness, predictability, and reliability — and nobody does those things better than Apple. Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook… the apps you use most all need a good camera In all the years of Android’s existence, in spite of huge investments of time and money, there’s never been a standout Android cameraphone. Some have cameras that are better in low light than the iPhone’s, many have higher resolution, and a number claim to be faster at focusing — but none pull it all together into the same comprehensive package that the iPhone can offer. Samsung and LG give you a pared-down "just shoot" experience, but they lack software polish and speed; Motorola’s camera launches and shoots quickly, but the quality is mediocre; and Sony manages to combine an excellent image sensor with terrible autofocus.

Microsoft’s PureView cameras fare better, but the Windows Phone camera app is comparatively slow and unintuitive, and there’s a reason why former Lumia chief Ari Partinen is now tagging his photos with #iPhone6Plus instead of #Lumia1520. As 2015 gets going in earnest and phone makers resume their annual quest to oust the iPhone from its dominant position, I offer this advice: don’t worry about the phone, focus on beating the camera. This is a familiar refrain, as true today as it was three years ago, and it’s frankly embarrassing for the mobile industry to lag so badly for so long on such a fundamental aspect of the modern user experience. The pursuit of gimmicks like UltraPixels and laser autofocus goes some way to explaining this conundrum, but I’d rather we just fix it. The most critical component to Apple’s current mobile dominance lies behind that sapphire crystal lens.

In today’s commoditized smartphone market, even great design and spectacular thinness are becoming commonplace. Powerful processors and large batteries are expected rather than exceptional. To win over new customers (and to keep existing ones), smartphone makers will have to act like what they are selling is actually a smart camera first and everything else second.

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The rumor has been shared 6033 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Jean-Marc Ouvré ™ @jmarc 17 jan.

To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera http://theverge.com/e/ 7301052 via @verge et Apple peut encore faire mieux.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Camera Lens Case for iPhone 6…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

HA @husniazri 17 jan.

Kenapa camera iPhone 6 lawa sangat 1 Retweet 3 Favorites

Garry POUPIN @kapsteur 17 jan.

To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera | The Verge: http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/13/ 7537011/iphone-6-camera-editorial…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites

John lynn @jlynnphotos 17 jan. iPhone 6 Problems Causing Displaced Front-Facing Camera http://weeder.org/ rLH3mBp #photography #tech #gadgets 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Atikah ❥ @nuratikahr 17 jan.

Iphone 6 camera quality is so good i dont even need filters http://instagram.com/p/ x9NQdwRCFr/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MR.DRE @Wh0a_dere 17 jan. iPhone 6 camera now you can see the difference 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Brandon Miniman @BrandonMiniman 17 jan.

This is true. http://www.theverge.com/ 2015/1/13/7537011/iphone-6-cameraeditorial…

0 Retweet 3 Favorites Photography @sherifx919 17 jan.

Camera Art : http://rover.ebay.com/rover/ 1/711-53200-19255-0/ 1?ff3=2&toolid=10039&campid=5337535 881&customid=Twitterem=33141865163 2&vectorid=229466≶eo=1… #0788 12x Optical Zoom Manual Focus Telescope

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karina @meandclifford 17 jan. a câmera do iphone 6 é ótima 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

DIGITAL CAMERA @yasmeenLee90 17 jan. #Photography #Camera #817 http://ift.tt/ 1AgMrvd Looxcie LX2 Wearable Bluetooth Video Cam for iPhone 6, 5c, 5s,…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jυs†ɪɴ Lee @leegyj 17 jan.

Selling iPhone 6 and 6 Plus Camera Guard for $2 http://carousell.com/p/ 12695503/ #carousell @thecarousell 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Eduardo Henrique @Edu_edge 17 jan.

Gostei de um vídeo @YouTube de @ed_techsource http://youtu.be/ RrFxK5ve61E?a iPhone 6 vs iPhone 5S - Ultimate Camera Comparison Test 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Antti Aapakari @aapakari 17 jan.

Here's What It Looks Like When Every iPhone Ever Takes the Same Photo: http://buff.ly/1IKD9xT 1 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhone News @iPhonenew3 17 jan.

Trying out my new iPhone 6+ AKA " gi-

ganticoiphonio "'s camera http://dlvr.it/ 87bySd #newiphone 0 Retweet 0 Favorites showVilC_2sf @showVilC_2sf 17 jan. #5859 12x Optical Zoom Manual Focus Telescope Camera Lens Case for iPhone 6 Plus 5.5" http://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/ 711-53200-19255-0/ 1?ff3=2&toolid=10039&campid=5337535 881&customid=Twitterem=33141865163 2&vectorid=229466≶eo=1… $…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Chris Wilko @ChrisWilko 17 jan.

Xiaomi takes on iPhone 6 Plus with 5.7" Mi Note premium phablet for $370 with 13MP camera with OIS (Richard Lai/… http://buff.ly/1ASVzZM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Ik heb sinds kort een iPhone 6 en die wilde ik vooral vanwege de goede camera. Maar is hij echt zo… http://instagram.com/p/x8qNtCGJhU/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Avinash @Avinashrepaka 17 jan.

Tou Hear That! “@verge: To beat the iPhone,you have to beat the iPhone’s camera http://theverge.com/e/7301052 by @vladsavov ” 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Ah-Niyah Gold @AhniyahGold 17 jan.

The iPhone 6 camera quality is life saving 2 Retweets 2 Favorites

$$ @yte_bree 17 jan.

IPhone 6 camera gets every pimple on your face 7 Retweets 2 Favorites

Carlotto, G @GabrielCarlotto 17 jan.

Sobre as câmeras de celular: To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera | The Verge http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/13/ 7537011/iphone-6-camera-editorial…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites

Psoriasis Care @Psoriasis_Care 17 jan. #Amazon #USA : 6x Optical Zoom Lens #Telescope #Camera W Crystal Back… by uxcell for $5.37 http://amzn.to/GMTdiK #IPhone 4s 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

doorbin.info @doorbininfo 17 jan. ‫ اپليکيشنی برای ثبت عکس‌های با نوردهی‬،‫اليو بلند‬ ‫دوگانه مخصوص گوشی‌های آيفون‬ http://doorbin.info/smartphone-camera/ liveblend-bring-double-exposure-photosto-iphone-6…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Medeline Lewy @medleeew 17 jan.

Camera Jelly • iPhone 4G/s • iPhone 5G/ s IDR 120.000 • iPhone 6 IDR 130.000 http://instagram.com/p/x8su_2LTsK/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

The Verge @verge 17 jan.

To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera http://theverge.com/e/ 7301052 by @vladsavov 146 Retweets 173 Favorites

Chris @chrisyeomjk 17 jan. 아이폰을 이기려면 아이폰 카메라부터 이 겨라. @verge 기사. http://theverge.com/ e/7301052 by @vladsavov ” 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

PHOTOGRAPHY & CAMERA @KarimaSond 17 jan. #Photography #Camera #051 http://ift.tt/ 1AgMrvd Looxcie LX2 Wearable Bluetooth Video Cam for iPhone 6, 5c, 5s,…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Marjolein @Marjolean 17 jan.

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showVilC_3vf @showVilC_3vf 17 jan. #5779 12x Optical Zoom Manual Focus Telescope Camera Lens Case for iPhone 6 Plus 5.5" http://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/ 711-53200-19255-0/ 1?ff3=2&toolid=10039&campid=5337535 881&customid=Twitterem=33141865163 2&vectorid=229466≶eo=1… $…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites doorbin.info @doorbininfo 17 jan. ‫ و‬۴ ‫ با گلکسی نوت‬۲ ‫مقايسه دوربين ايسوس زن فون‬ ‫ پالس‬۶ ‫ آيفون‬http://doorbin.info/ smartphone-camera/first-camerasamples-with-zenfone-2-vs-note-4-vsiphone-6-plus…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Kevin Green @FixedOpsGenius 17 jan.

Here's What It Looks Like When Every iPhone Ever Takes the Same Photo: http://bit.ly/1sAYbWi 5 Retweets 2 Favorites く ぼ た あ ず さ @az_yng 17 jan. 最近6plusの外カメの画質の良さにおど ろいてる 。 今日は化粧濃いめです 。 #iphone#6#plus#camera#make#selfie#osaka#LJK… http://instagram.com/p/ x8dk7RgtIw/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mohammed Abdulloh @_aaaag 17 jan.

Lowokwaru, East Java" Camera iphone 6 memang ganas gan slow motion for iphone 6 @ Bakso President Samping Rel Kereta… http://instagram.com/p/x8axpLqi9m/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites lalamerillav @merillavalerie 17 jan. maaf numpang jualan ring cover iphone 6. pelindung camera iphone 6 best seller banget nihh.. murahh aja… [pic] — https://path.com/p/1tpFm1 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Applenauts @applenauts 17 jan.

Xiaomi Mi Note Vs iPhone 6 Plus: Specs, Features, Display, Hardware, Storage, Camera, Battery…: Unde… http://bit.ly/ 1BG4cIP #Apple 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Applenauts @applenauts 17 jan. iPhone 6S Specs, Rumors: Leak Points Towards Better Dual Lens Camera: The iPhone 6 and the iPhone 6 Pl… http://bit.ly/1BFXxy9 #iPhone 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lena Allison @LTAllisonTG 17 jan.

Checking out the iPhone 6 camera #iPhone6 #freshbrothers #garlicknots http://instagram.com/p/x8RViaxwdR/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bernie Swint @Bernieswint 17 jan.

Is this a $1000 digital camera…or my iPhone 6 from T-Mobile? #tmobile #WEWONTSTOP 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Geek Recon @GeekRecon 17 jan.

I'm having this #problem! Don't buy the new #iPhone6 Plus! http://dailym.ai/ 1p1p2yg via @MailOnline #iphoneblurry 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Amish Baby Machine™ @AmishBMachine 17 jan.

You might want to hold off buying a iPhone 6 http://read.bi/1E8S7uQ #tech #iPhone6S 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Josh Inglis @Propllrhead 17 jan.

Truth "@ow: To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/13/ 7537011/iphone-6-camera-editorial… " 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Sydney Levalois @sydneylevv 17 jan.

Never realized how ugly I actually was until I got the iPhone 6 and opened up the front camera.

2 Retweets 9 Favorites

Detachable 0.67X Wide Angle Macro Lens for Phone Camera iPhone 4 4S 4G 5 5G 5S 5C 6 Plus Samsung GALAXY S2 I91.. http://dld.bz/d53rK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Spoke Games @SpokeGames 17 jan.

I liked a @YouTube video http://youtu.be/_voDDbXSMK4?a How To: Replace the Rear Facing Camera in Your iPhone 6 Plus 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Sandeep Madhukar @sandeepmadhukar 17 jan.

To beat the #iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera http://theverge.com/ e/7301052 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

ATTCares @ATTCares 17 jan. @shugoofaxnazari Go w/ the iPhone 6!

You'll the larger screen & 8MP iSight camera @ http://soc.att.com/SSr2 ^John https://vine.co/v/OgwgX7v6jTM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Austin Lange @violetpine 17 jan. #bostonterrier Opie taking in a Catawba glimpse. Ps. I am in love with the camera on my new IPhone 6 :) http://instagram.com/p/x98Ls_jZZr/ 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Tyshae❤? @_dontshaythat 17 jan. love iphone 6 camera 4 Retweets 2 Favorites

L - Rod @LRod82 17 jan.

First selfie of 2015 and with the iPhone 6… The iPhone 6 camera is insane!!!

Pics are super sharp http://instagram.com/p/x97I-znB46/ 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

k. Jung @fxgem 17 jan.

Xiaomi Mi Note Vs iPhone 6 Plus: Specs, Features, Display, Hardware, Storage, Camera, Battery And Price Comparison http://dlvr.it/87Sbbt 0 Retweet 0 Favorites QuoteTreat @QuoteTreat 17 jan.

Xiaomi Mi Note Vs iPhone 6 Plus: Specs, Features, Display, Hardware, Storage, Camera, Battery And Price Compar… http://bit.ly/1BFou4W 0 Retweet 0 Favorites David Chartier @chartier 17 jan.

What if Apple did the iPhone 6 camera bump on purpose? Arguably the most important feature. With the bump, you can't miss or forget it.

1 Retweet 5 Favorites Laurensia Nordhoff @LauriNordhoff91 17 jan.

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ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ @JewelllSamonte 17 jan.

I liked a @YouTube video from @kenfilmshd http://youtu.be/1p_ze3w2C9c?a iPhone 6 Detailed Camera Review! (with sample images/video tests) 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Cj @StillerCj 17 jan. iPhone 6 camera so clear but it make me look so ugly 6 Retweets 3 Favorites sherifx912 @sherifx912 17 jan.

Camera Deals : http://rover.ebay.com/ rover/1/711-53200-19255-0/ 1?ff3=4&toolid=100034&campid=533753 5881&customid=TWITTER∓re=http://dea ls.ebay.com/ 5001807337_Looxcie_LX2_Wearable_Bl

uetooth_Video_Cam_for_iPhone_6__5c __5s__or_any_Android_os… Looxcie LX2 Wearable Bluetooth Video Cam for iPhone 6, 5c, 5s, or any And… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Marjolein @Marjolean 17 jan.

Benieuwd of ik onder de indruk ben van de camera in de iPhone 6? Check deze post! http://marjolean.nl/2015/01/ rotterdam-in-iphone-6-fotos/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites william @williamsager 17 jan.

Updated: 10 best iPhone camera and photo editing apps - Best iPhone camera apps 1-5 The latest iPhone 6 and iPhon… http://owl.li/2TvpVy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites D. P. BuZZ @DPBuZZ 17 jan.

Final Cut Pro X editors can optimize their workflow with iOS footage and, although the camera on the iPhone 6… http://fb.me/3z0kQrDkf 0 Retweet 0 Favorites James Mackenzie @jamesfmackenzie 17 jan. “iPhone camera evolution: How does the iPhone 6 camera compare to previous iPhone cameras?” http://pocket.co/soxgRX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites bailey @baayrenee 17 jan. iPhone 6 camera makes me look like a rtard 4 Retweets 7 Favorites HOT CAMERA @CamHotdo3 17 jan.

Hot Camera : http://rover.ebay.com/rover/ 1/711-53200-19255-0/ 1?ff3=2&toolid=10039&campid=5337535 881&customid=Twitterem=33141865163 2&vectorid=229466≶eo=1… #3521 12x Optical Zoom Manual Focus Telescope

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Camera Lens Case for iPhone 6…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Carolyn/VenusVelvet @VVelvet1 17 jan.

Here's What It Looks Like When Every iPhone Ever Takes the Same Photo: http://bit.ly/1Bh4whZ 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Emad Almajali @emad_dab 17 jan. iPhone 6 camera makes you look better lol 5 Retweets 0 Favorites Panda @ohfheamor 17 jan.

Try daw yung camera sabi nung lalaki nung binili namin yung iPhone 6 di ako nakapag ayos yan tuloy itsura ko 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Joyce Tan @Joycetan_ 17 jan.

What camera app do you use? Your pictures ablbgles are super nice :p — Hahaha I use iPhone 6!!! http://ask.fm/a/ bmd59bnl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Aneesh Bhasin @aneeshb 17 jan.

To beat the iPhone, you have to beat the iPhone’s camera. Exactly. http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/13/ 7537011/iphone-6-camera-editorial…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Kristen Summey @kts573047 17 jan.

Loving this iPhone 6 camera, thanks babe zane_hunt http://instagram.com/p/ x9i9j0yCts/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Laura H. @lauramhepp 17 jan.

139/365 this iPhone 6 Plus camera finally does night shots justice http://instagram.com/p/x9itXtOmSq/ 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Updates, Get It Al @GetItAl 17 jan.

How to download tumblr pics into a separate album on Iphone 6 and not into camera roll?: I cant do this on myâ&#x20AC;Ś http://ywzr.a.boysofts.com/2Vvb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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2015-01-22

APPLE WATCH BATTERY WILL ONLY LAST 2.5 TO 4 HOURS OF ACTIVE USE Mark Gurman at 9to5 Mac wrote that "According to our sources… Apple wanted the Watch to provide roughly 2.5 to 4 hours of active application use."

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/ apple-targets-for-apple-watch-battery-life-revealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside / Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/apple-targets-for-apple-watchbattery-life-revealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/

Apple targets for Apple Watch battery life revealed, A5-caliber CPU inside Mark Gurman @markgurman January 22, 2015 / 11:40 am Although Apple has said that the Apple Watch will need to be charged nightly, the company has not disclosed any details on how long the wearable’s battery will last. For the first time, people with knowledge of the Apple Watch’s development have provided us with the specific performance targets Apple wants to achieve for the Apple Watch battery, but the actual numbers may fall short of those targets. According to our sources, Apple opted to use a relatively powerful processor and high-quality screen for the Apple Watch, both of which contribute to significant power drain.

Running a stripped-down version of iOS codenamed SkiHill, the Apple S1 chip inside the Apple Watch is surprisingly close in performance to the version of Apple’s A5 processor found inside the current-generation iPod touch, while the Retina-class color display is capable of updating at a fluid 60 frames per second.

Apple initially wanted the Apple Watch battery to provide roughly one full day of usage, mixing a comparatively small amount of active use with a larger amount of passive use. As of 2014, Apple wanted the Watch to provide roughly 2.5 to 4 hours of active application use versus 19 hours of combined active/passive use, 3 days of pure standby time, or 4 days if left in a sleeping mode.

Sources, however, say that Apple will only likely achieve approximately 2-3 days in either the standby or low-power modes… Apple has also been stress-testing the Apple Watch’s battery life with pre-bundled and third-party applications. Our sources say that Apple is targeting 2.5 hours of “heavy” application use, such as processor-intensive gameplay, or 3.5 hours of standard app use. Interestingly, Apple expects to see better battery life when using the Watch’s fitness tracking 178

software, which is targeted for nearly 4 hours of straight exercise tracking on a single charge. As Apple is positioning the Apple Watch as a timepiece, the company has conducted numerous tests to determine how long it can run purely in time-keeping modes. We’re told that the Watch should be able to display its clock face for approximately three hours, including watch ticking animations, if nothing else is done with the device. However, it’s unlikely that most people would actually keep the Apple Watch clock face turned on for even three hours straight in a single day.

When the Watch screen is not in use, the display is powered off, and the clock demands much less energy. Considered separately, the active use app, clock, and fitness numbers sound very low, but the reality is that people will passively wear the Apple Watch for most of the day, actively interacting with it only for short periods of time. That’s why the Watch will be able to last the average user roughly a day on a single charge. We’re told that Apple has been shooting for roughly 19 hours of mixed usage each day, but that the company may not hit that number in the first generation version. Sources tell us that battery life has remained a source of concern for Apple over the past year, and was a contributing factor for Apple pushing back the retail launch from an originally planned late 2014 to early 2015. To test real-world performance in a variety of conditions, the company has circulated a surprisingly large number of test units of the Watch: nearly 3,000 are said to be currently roaming around, mostly the stainless steel variant. Apple has also been working to perfect the MagSafe-based inductive charging mechanism for the Watch, which sources indicate was responsible for slower-than-expected recharging times that hopefully will be fixed in time for the product’s release. The company has developed both plastic and stainless steel versions of the circular charger, potentially one for the $349 aluminum and plastic Apple Watch Sport, and the other for the higher-end models. It’s unclear at this point whether the company will sell multiple versions of the charger, as Apple has only shown the metal variant, though the Apple Watch Edition is said to ship with a special box and charging dock that may incorporate the stainless steel MagSafe connector. As of earlier this month, the Apple Watch is on track to ship by the end of March. We previously detailed how the Watch will integrate with the iPhone via an iOS 8.2-based Companion application.

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The rumor has been shared 10091 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Morris Pondfield @mpondfield 24 jan.

Report: "That battery duration—2.5 to 4 hours—applies to the most active use of the watch" http://cnb.cx/1L71kJ4 #AppleWatch #wearables 1 Retweet 0 Favorites ron maltiel @maltiel 24 jan.

Apple Watch battery life, A5-caliber CPU inside http://goo.gl/Ik8OEv #Apple S1 chip performance like A5 #processor,2.5-4 hrs active/19 hrs 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sergio Mabres @smabres 24 jan. Argentine" #Wearables #AppleWatch ’s battery not what we were waiting for http://bit.ly/1JlrjKI 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Graham Brown-Martin @GrahamBM 24 jan.

With 2.5 - 4 hours of active application use, the #AppleWatch is unapologetically pointless http://buff.ly/1yR7M07 6 Retweets 7 Favorites TONPAI™✩ @Secret_Bamboo 24 jan. ผลทดสอบ Apple Watch ใช้งานท่ัวไปได้ 19 ช่ัวโมง ใช้งานต่อเน่ืองได้ไม่เกิน 4 ช่ัวโมง http://pulse.me/s/3kxQl5 0 Retweet 0 Favorites bharatpress.com @bharatpress 24 jan. #Apple Watch may not achieve the targeted battery life of 4 days, as expected http://bharatpress.com/2015/01/24/ apple-watch-may-not-achieve-thetargeted-battery-life-of-4-days-asexpected/…

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites SkeeterHarris @SkeeterHarris 24 jan.

Rumored 4-5 hours of active #AppleWatch use is going to make me think twice. How about you? http://tnw.to/i4t3c 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MobiHealthNews @MobiHealthNews 23 jan.

Report: Apple Watch battery will support 4 hours of active use for fitness http://ow.ly/HQURj 5 Retweets 2 Favorites Lou Hartcourt @whuzzanaim 23 jan.

2.5 to 4 hours of active use and around 19 hours of passive use. "It's The Time Apple Watch's Battery Will Last" >>> http://is.gd/VyuHzM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ryan Peyman Tavakol @rptavakol 23 jan.

4 hours of battery life? This is why I won't buy an Apple Watch & why smart watches are a bad idea at this stage http://tcrn.ch/1JunQI5 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matt Feyen @mfeyen 23 jan.

Report: Apple Watch battery will support 4 hours of active use for fitness http://bit.ly/1Cv5arL #healthcare #mhealth 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Apps Medical @Appsmedical 23 jan.

When Apple announced its Apple Watch wearable last September, there was scarce mention of the device’s battery… http://fb.me/4M5N6AcuJ

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Liliputing @liliputingnews 23 jan.

Report: Apple Watch will get about 19 hours of mixed use battery life, up to 4 hours of active use http://ow.ly/HQmQc 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Peter Kay @peterkay 23 jan.

Apple's watch will provide "2.5 to 4 hours of active application use versus 19 hours of combined active/passive… http://fb.me/1FrgHpF0P 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bresslergroup @Bresslergroup 23 jan. #AppleWatch could have as much as 19 hours battery life. 2.5-4 hrs of "heavy" use, remainder for misc tasks http://on.mash.to/1CWEyhl @mashable 0 Retweet 0 Favorites appPicker @appPicker 23 jan.

Rumored #battery life 4 #Apple #Watch http://bit.ly/10lkLL4 1 Retweet 0 Favorites SK @subhash0766 23 jan. #Apple #Smartwatches #battery #watch Apple Watch battery to give upto 4 hours of active use: Report http://dlvr.it/ 8CMMPB 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Scott St. Gelais @GeeksInPhoenix 23 jan.

A recent report is showing the battery life for the Apple watch is only 2.5 to 4 hours. http://bit.ly/1ExuCfa 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matthew Caldecutt @mcaldecutt 23 jan.

Apple has reportedly targeted the Apple Watch to have 2.5 to 4 hours of active use - http://www.businessinsider.com/

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how-long-the-apple-watchs-battery-willlast-2015-1#ixzz3PeLy6RbS… 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Mobiletor @mobiletor 23 jan.

This is why you don't want the #AppleWatch http://bit.ly/1zCFHg5 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jago Gibbons @jjog1 23 jan. #AppleWatch may have an active 2.5-4 hours battery life. Seems poor when replacing a watch that never needs charging http://bit.ly/187Yp3E 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pratiik Rege @PratiikRege 23 jan. #Tech Apple Watch may not achieve the targeted battery life of 4 days, as expected: Recent report has been sug… http://bit.ly/1yRiPqm 0 Retweet 0 Favorites FoneArena Mobile @FoneArena 23 jan.

Apple Watch battery to give upto 4 hours of active use: Report http://2fa.in/1CYcme2 3 Retweets 2 Favorites iPhone AppTube Blog @iphoneapptube 23 jan.

Apple Watch ใช้งานต่อเน่ืองได้มากสุด 4 ช่ัวโมง ใช้ท่ัวไป 19 ช่ัวโมง ปีท่ีแล้วตอนเปิดตัว Tim Cook… http://fb.me/72w8xIM8H 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Lukas Burgstaller @voidStern 23 jan.

Apple's battery target for the Apple Watch is apparently 4 hours of active use. I think I'll stick with my pebble. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites marc hijink @nrc @marchijinkNRC 23

jan.

Dit ZOU de Apple Watch moeten volhouden: 2,5 uur gamen, 4 uur fitness, 19 uur stationair draaien en 3 dagen standby http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

2 Retweets 0 Favorites Malek Dudakov @duderman67 23 jan.

Apple Watch обеспечат 2-4 часа активной работы или 19 часов работы с перерывами - маловато как-то http://www.macrumors.com/2015/01/22/ apple-watch-battery-life-19-hours/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites René Stalder @renestalder 23 jan.

Apple Watch Battery: 4 hours in active use, 19 hours in active/passive use, 3 days in standby, 4 days sleeping mode http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hisham Rana, MD @hrana 23 jan.

Apple Watch will have 2.5-4 hours of active use battery life. My advice? Don't buy it. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/ apple-targets-for-apple-watch-batterylife-revealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites Kittidhaj @MrKittidhaj 23 jan. ผลทดสอบ Apple Watch ใช้งานท่ัวไปได้ 19 ช่ัวโมง ใช้งานต่อเน่ืองได้ไม่เกิน 4 ช่ัวโมง http://bit.ly/1y6gSCn 8 Retweets 1 Favorites iOS Reports @iOS_Reports 23 jan. #Apple,AppleWatch'un batarya ömrünü 19s yapmak için çalışıyormuş.Ful açık kullanımda ise 2,5-4 saat arası olacakmış. http://tinyurl.com/okxxad3 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

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droidsans @droidsans 23 jan. ผลทดสอบ Apple Watch ใช้งานท่ัวไปได้ 19 ช่ัวโมง ใช้งานต่อเน่ืองได้ไม่เกิน 4 ช่ัวโมง http://droidsans.com/apple-watchbattery-will-last-only-19-hour…

7 Retweets 0 Favorites Же @klav1k 23 jan. Не густо! "between 2.5 and 4 hours of active use on a single charge. RT @gigaom: Reported Apple Watch battery http://bit.ly/1zAczWB 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kaiz Hudda @kaizhudda 23 jan.

Battery life such an issue with tech“@NeowinFeed: Apple Watch reportedly gets roughly 4 hours of ‘active’ http://neow.in/1BilUAE 0 Retweet 0 Favorites GadgetGaul @GadgetGaul 23 jan.

Berapa lama battery life Apple Watch?

Konon antara 2,5 - 4 jam pemakaian app aktif atau 19 jam pemakaian aktif/pasif, 3 hari standby. Cukup?

3 Retweets 0 Favorites Rich K @oldgoatguide 23 jan.

Apple Reportedly Aiming 2.5-4 Hour Range for Apple Watch's Battery Life : News : Headlines & Global News http://buff.ly/1L49L7M 0 Retweet 0 Favorites jessie fearer @BronzeHammer 23 jan. the apple watch has 150 minutes of battery life. hey what time is it. i dont know, my watch has been dead for 4 hours. are you kidding me 6 Retweets 42 Favorites zorkor @zorkor 22 jan.

Ouch. “@tomwarren: Apple Watch will last for 4 hours of active use. Revolutionary. http://wp.me/p1xtr9-1whW ” 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Hyper Pixel Creative @TheHyperPixel 22 jan.

We finally know what battery life will be like on the Apple Watch - and it's no better than Samsung! http://a.mynews.ly/!QD.CFu6A 0 Retweet 0 Favorites David Connell @david_connell 22 jan.

Apple Watch’s battery won’t last through your average 4:30 marathon http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Alexandra Ma @Alexandra__Ma 22 jan.

"When used in fitness-tracking mode, the Apple Watch should last about 4 hours"… Hm… http://uk.businessinsider.com/how-longthe-apple-watchs-battery-willlast-2015-1…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Anthony Brian Smith @AnthonyBLSmith 22 jan. omg the apple watch only works for 4 hours lmao i hope it's 9 to 1 PM because those are the hours, am irite? http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jean-Françis Roy @jfroy1979 22 jan.

3-4 heures de batterie avec la AppleWatch. WOW c’est révolutionnaire!!! http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Tomas Hertus @tomashertus 22 jan.

Apple Watch to have 2.5 to 4 hours of

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active use and around 19 hours of passive use. Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/howlong-the-apple-watchs-battery-willlast-2015-1#ixzz3PabVgNmT… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ? @suncho 22 jan.

4 hours active use. Do not want. RT @verge: The Apple Watch's battery life will be just like any other smartwatch http://theverge.com/e/7637690 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gary Ng @gary_ng 22 jan.

Apple Watch Battery Life Rumoured to Last 4 Hours of App Usage http://dlvr.it/ 8BtQHK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Walt Ribeiro ♫ ♫ @WaltRibeiro 22 jan. @RyanParma @THEalbertchang apple watch today said to have 4 hours of battery life. Maybe we shouldn't get this version then? haha 0 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhone in Canada @iPhoneinCanada 22 jan.

Apple Watch Battery Life Rumoured to Last 4 Hours of App Usage http://www.iphoneincanada.ca/news/ apple-watch-battery-life/…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites Jouni Marttila @Jou_Marttila 22 jan.

Apple Watch älykellon akku kestää keskinkertaista käyttöä 4 tuntia. Lisävarusteena aggregaatti? http://uk.businessinsider.com/how-longthe-apple-watchs-battery-willlast-2015-1…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Laura Legendary @Accessible_Info 22 jan.

So, 2.5 to 4 hours active use, 19 hours

standby: The #AppleWatch #battery life. http://appadvice.com/appnn/2015/01/ were-finally-hearing-more-informationabout-the-apple-watchs-battery-life…

4 Retweets 1 Favorites Luke Cowan @LukeHtafc 22 jan. #applewatch aiming for 19 hours battery life, 3-4 hours active use! Is that really enough? Not sure personally. http://www.macrumors.com/2015/01/22/ apple-watch-battery-life-19-hours/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Andrew @TweetingAC 22 jan.

That's pathetic if true. 2-4 hours?!?! -> Apple targets for Apple Watch battery life revealed, A5-caliber CPU inside http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites seizon senryaku @lnlsl 22 jan. Тут говорят, что у Apple Watch 4,5 часа батареи будет http://9to5mac.com/2015/ 01/22/apple-targets-for-apple-watchbattery-life-revealed-a5-caliber-cpuinside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Luiz Alberto Franco @luizfrancotj 22 jan.

Apple Watch tem bateria de 4 Horas.

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAH http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hamza Malik ‫@حمزه ملک‬hmz_mlk 22 jan.

Oh well this is a disaster. #AppleWatch said to last only 4 hours on continuous use. Not getting one. http://9to5mac.com/ 2015/01/22/apple-targets-for-apple-

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watch-battery-life-revealed-a5-calibercpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ginny Caughey @gcaughey 22 jan.

So not magical RT @tomwarren: Apple Watch will last for 4 hours of active use.

Revolutionary. http://wp.me/p1xtr9-1whW 1 Retweet 2 Favorites Laura Meyer @LauraCMeyer 22 jan. #applewatch expected to last 4 active hours (using apps, not in standby). More on battery life here: http://9to5mac.com/ 2015/01/22/apple-targets-for-applewatch-battery-life-revealed-a5-calibercpu-inside/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tom Warren @tomwarren 22 jan.

Apple Watch will last for 4 hours of active use. Revolutionary. http://wp.me/p1xtr9-1whW 131 Retweets 45 Favorites Brian S Hall @brianshall 22 jan.

4 hours of active use for Apple Watch?

F-ing joke. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/ 22/apple-targets-for-apple-watch-batterylife-revealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

Why is Apple so awful at battery life -- a core feature?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Steve Kovach @stevekovach 22 jan.

Looks like the Apple Watch will last 4 hours at the very most. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/22/appletargets-for-apple-watch-battery-liferevealed-a5-caliber-cpu-inside/…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites

2015-01-26

IBM WILL CUT MORE THAN 110,000 JOBS THIS WEEK Financial writer Robert X. Cringely made the claim in a blog post on Jan 22. for Forbes. He did not cite any sources for his information. He wrote that "next week about 26 percent of IBM’s employees will be getting phone calls from their managers." Cringely is not a Forbes staffer; he is one of the site's many freelance "contributors." This means his work may or may not have been vetted by editors at Forbes.

Cringely is a veteran journalist and recently wrote an ebook about IBM. However, an unidentified IBM spokesperson responded by calling the claim "ridiculous" and "baseless." She added: "If anyone had checked information readily available from our public earnings statements, or had simply asked us, they would know that IBM has already announced the company has just taken a $600 million charge for workforce rebalancing. This equates to several thousand people, a mere fraction of what's been reported." We are keeping this as unverified since the claim has a lifespan of one week and it will be proven true or false by Friday.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.dailycamera.com/ boulder-business/ci_27408339/ workers-organization-ibm-cutting-jobs-boulder-across-u?source=rss&ut m_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-business/ci_27408339/ workers-organization-ibm-cutting-jobs-boulder-acrossu?source=rss&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter

Workers' organization: IBM cutting jobs in Boulder, across U.S.

By Alicia Wallace, Camera Business WriterPosted: 01/28/2015 02:45:46 PM MST BM appears to have initiated job cuts at sites across the country, including Boulder, according to a workers' organization.

Based on information provided by IBM employees to Alliance@IBM, the Armonk, N.Y.-based technology firm is expected to cut 8,000 to 10,000 jobs worldwide, said Lee Conrad, national coordinator for the union that represents some IBM workers, in an e-mail to the Daily Camera.

"We do know that job cuts have occurred at Boulder, but we do not have a number," he said. Conrad said the organization also has received word that some employees have been fired and their positions moved to India.

In a statement e-mailed to the Camera, IBM spokesman Todd Martin said the restructuring was "not new news" and noted a $600 million "workforce rebalancing" charge in the fourth quarter of 2014. That charge equates to "several thousand people," he said.

"Transformation on this scale requires IBM to continually remix skills â&#x20AC;&#x201D; our clients expect no less as they look to IBM to help them take advantage of these innovations and new technologies," he said in the statement, adding that IBM invested $1.2 billion in a global expansion of its cloud capabilities and partnered with companies such as Apple and Twitter. "Last year, IBM hired 45,000 people, and the company currently has about 15,000 job openings

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around the world for new skills in growth areas such as cloud, analytics, security, and social and mobile technologies.

"IBM continues to remix its skills to match where we see the best opportunities in the marketplace." Late Wednesday afternoon, an employee named Bob, a Longmont resident who didn't give his last name, said he had been laid off that morning after 36 years with IBM. "I knew after the third-quarter earnings report and the fourthquarter report that there were going to be layoffs," said the man, interviewed outside the IBM gate in Boulder. "I had an idea it was coming, but today was the day that they told us."

He said he spent his entire career at the Boulder facility. "We had always led in technology and weâ&#x20AC;Ś we don't lead like we used to," he said. As of Wednesday afternoon, the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment had not received a Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification notice from IBM, said Bill Thoennes, a spokesman for the state labor department. Under the federal WARN Act, employers are required to report mass layoffs or site closures to state labor departments if those actions meet certain thresholds, such as a layoff of 500-plus employees, cuts that equate to 33 percent or more of the workforce A report published in Forbes last week indicated that IBM was preparing to lay off 26 percent of its global workforce. IBM has more than 430,000 employees worldwide.

IBM's workforce in Boulder County, including telecommuting employees, has been estimated at 2,800 people, according to publicly available information and local economic development officials; however, the company has declined to provide updated employment numbers in recent years.

IBM denied the Forbes report from technology pundit Mark Stephens, who uses the pen name Robert X. Cringely.

"If anyone had checked information readily available from our public earnings statements, or had simply asked us, they would know that IBM has already announced the company has just taken a $600 million charge for workforce rebalancing," IBM responded.

"This equates to several thousand people, a small fraction of what's been reported." In a follow-up post on Forbes, Cringely alleged that IBM was trying to "spin" the workforce reduction in laying off several thousand before Feb. 1 and then pushing out or 187

firing others.

IBM employees have told Alliance@IBM that "resource actions" were starting Wednesday and continuing Thursday.

Laying off a quarter of IBM's workforce would be "off the charts," said Daniel Morgan, senior portfolio manager at Synovus Trust Co., which holds about 300,000 IBM shares. "I can't see that. But I wouldn't be surprised if we did hear of some more layoffs." IBM has had three big reorganizations in previous decades, he noted.

Such a huge layoff would be disruptive and "inconsistent" with IBM's recent statements, Bernstein Research analyst A.M. Sacconaghi said in a note to investors.

But, "ironically, given the stock's increase over the last couple trading days, we also see the potential for disappointment if a meaningful workforce action is not announced in the near-term."

The rumor has been shared 30489 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Boulder Net @bouldernet 28 jan.

Workers' organization: IBM cutting jobs in Boulder, across U.S.: IBM Corp. appears to have initiated job cuts… http://bit.ly/1zdzjcu 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Exploding Ads @ExplodingAds 28 jan.

1p – IBM Workers Report Job Cuts Are Underway http://blog.explodingads.com/?p=52463 #startup #success #business #sales #seo #ppc 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Circa @Circa 28 jan.

IBM confirms 'a few thousand' job cuts: http://cir.ca/news/ibm-financial-results…

5 Retweets 2 Favorites Stephen Poirier @spoirier111 28 jan. "@WRAL: 'Bloodbath:' IBM workers re-

188

port job cuts are underway http://wraltechwire.com/14399347 #wral" Prayers to IBM employees #ibmlayoffs #ibm 1 Retweet 1 Favorites jopocop @jopocop 28 jan. #IBM Starts Notifying Employees of Undisclosed Number of Job Cuts http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/ 2015-01-28/ibm-starts-notifyingemployees-of-undisclosed-number-ofjob-cuts… via @business 2 Retweets 0 Favorites The TAL Group @TALGroup 28 jan.

Toronto, Ontario" RT @BW: IBM Notifies Employees of Undisclosed Number of Job Cuts http://bloom.bg/1CgeMI3 #layoffs #business #technews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Kramden Institute @Kramden 28 jan.

Sadly more IBM job cuts 'Bloodbath:' IBM workers report job cuts are underway- The Skinny at WRAL TechWire http://po.st/i3JrTP via @po_st 1 Retweet 0 Favorites KOMU 8 News @KOMUnews 28 jan.

RT @cgothner: Lee Conrad with @AllianceIBM confirms that job cuts are taking place at @IBM's Columbia location.

1 Retweet 0 Favorites The Daily Lede @TheDailyLede 28 jan. $IBM job cuts have started as reports from around the US comer in http://tinyurl.com/k3pzfsp #ibmlayoffs 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CIO.com @CIOonline 28 jan.

Signs That IBM May Be Preparing for a Round of Job Cuts http://trib.al/hHa4pXu @CIOonline 7 Retweets 0 Favorites Poughkeepsie Journal @PokJournal 28 jan.

Reports come in: IBM job cuts are on http://pojonews.co/1CzdGpf via @pokjournal 0 Retweet 0 Favorites NOOZIUM @NOOZIUM 28 jan.

IBM dismisses Forbes’ report of massive 112,000 job cuts - TORONTO STAR | BUSINESS http://www.freakyturtle.com/ n/?i=2421089 #NOOZ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites rationalug @RationalUG 28 jan.

IBM rejects ridiculous report of massive job cuts Irish Independent http://tinyurl.com/pv2e5fa #rationaluc #ibminnovate 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

#IBM job cuts to begin as staff get 'urgent requests' for meetings with managers http://ibt.uk/A006ESr #IBMLayoffs 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Computerworld @Computerworld 28 jan.

IBM may be preparing for a round of job cuts @DCgov http://www.computerworld.com/article/ 2876298/signs-that-ibm-may-bepreparing-for-a-round-of-job-cuts.html…

10 Retweets 2 Favorites DirectNetworks @DirectNetworks 28 jan.

Signs That IBM May Be Preparing for a Round of Job Cuts - IBM tries to keep its layoffs out of the public eye as m… http://ow.ly/2TY9w9 0 Retweet 0 Favorites EXPconsulting Corp @EXPconsultingES 28 jan. #expconsulting Signs That IBM May Be Preparing for a Round of Job Cuts http://dlvr.it/8H7xR6 @julio_verissimo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites IBTimes India @ibtimes_india 28 jan.

IBM Job Cuts to Affect 5,000 Employees in India: Report http://goo.gl/fb/g6VHab 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HR Grapevine News @HRGrapevine 28 jan. .@IBM denies “ridiculous” rumours about 110,000 job cuts http://okt.to/KE4ljj #HR 5 Retweets 2 Favorites ITWeb Online News @ITWeb 28 jan.

IBM's job cuts much less than the 26% cited by Forbes http://on.itweb.co.za/ 140690 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Technology A to Z @travelsa68 28 jan.

IBTimes UK @IBTimesUK 28 jan.

189

IBM denies mass job cuts: Calls the report "ridiculous" and "baseless" http://bit.ly/1z946qG 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CMSWire.com @cmswire 27 jan.

Tech Industry 'In Flux,' More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected by @DomNicastro http://smg.io/1JZhZuB #eim 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Scott Gattey @gatteylaw 27 jan.

IBM: Forbes' report of massive job cuts is 'stupid' speculation http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/blog/ techflash/2015/01/ibm-says-upcomingjob-cuts-much-smallerthan.html?ana=twt… via @MyABJ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites VITORINET @VITORINET 27 jan.

Union: IBMers report job cuts will begin on Wednesday: Workers at IBM are telling the Alliance@IBM union that… http://tinyurl.com/pf9h2yy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Arturo Gutiérrez @arturogl 27 jan.

IBM job cuts?; D.R. Horton soars on beat; AT&T expands in Mexico http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ibmreadies-for-big-jobs-cuts--d-r--hortonsoars-on-beat--at-t-expands-inmexico-141358166.html?soc_src=mediacont entstory&soc_trk=tw… via @YahooFinance 0 Retweet 0 Favorites F.I.T. MoneyMagazine @FITMoney 27 jan. #FITMoney eTip: IBM says it plans up to 9,000 job cuts in next few weeks: IBM says it plans to cut 8,000 to 9,… http://bit.ly/1z6TbOh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

190

jsr72748 @jsr72748 27 jan.

IBM: Forbes' report of massive job cuts.. http://m.bizjournals.com/dallas/blog/techflash/2015/01/ibm-says-upcoming-jobcuts-much-smallerthan.html?ana=e_dal_tf&s=newsletter&e d=2015-01-27&u=pdKuqeWzFEpfJa+y/ MwSvQ0c462fc5&t=1422380945&r=full … Yes, maybe lower layoffs, but termination, forced retirement, resignations?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites BreakingTorontoNews @FollowTONews 27 jan.

IBM dismisses Forbes’ report of massive 112,000 job cuts http://bit.ly/1JXxza1 #Toronto #GTA #News 0 Retweet 0 Favorites UnemploymentMovement @unemploymentmov 27 jan.

IBM denies “ridiculous” rumours about 110,000 job cuts: http://bit.ly/1uxLCfp 1 Retweet 0 Favorites V3 @V3_co_uk 27 jan. #IBM hits back at 'baseless' 118,000 job cuts report: http://ow.ly/I1XDc 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Chloe Perkins @GASmallBiz 27 jan.

[ATL Biz Chronicle] IBM: Forbes' report of massive job cuts is 'stupid' speculation http://dlvr.it/8GPXM8 4 Retweets 0 Favorites Updates, Get It Al @GetItAl 27 jan.

IBM to Forbes: You Got Us Wrong, Job Cuts Would Not Come Close to 112000: A Forbes report about IBM's plans to… http://bit.ly/1JAJBIb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ITWeb Online News @ITWeb 27 jan.

IBM's job cuts much less than the 26% cited by Forbes http://on.itweb.co.za/ 140690

2 Retweets 0 Favorites Stock Wire @stockwire24 27 jan.

International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE:IBM) Busy in Major Job… $HPQ http://bit.ly/1Dd7AJH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Greg Barr @ABJBarr 27 jan.

IBM: Forbes' report of massive job cuts is 'stupid' speculation http://bizj.us/1b1i1j @MyABJ @IBM 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Cliff Saran @cliffsaran 27 jan.

Will the mainframe survive IBM job cuts? https://lnkd.in/d29FHY3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HR Grapevine News @HRGrapevine 27 jan. .@IBM denies “ridiculous” rumours about 110,000 job cuts http://okt.to/9H724J #HR 3 Retweets 1 Favorites Darryl Wolk @darrylwolk 27 jan.

Major job cuts coming to @timhortons and @ibm? http://business.financialpost.com/2015/ 01/23/tim-hortons-inc-planningsignificant-layoffs-at-head-offices-nextweek-sources/… & http://business.financialpost.com/2015/ 01/23/tim-hortons-inc-planningsignificant-layoffs-at-head-offices-nextweek-sources/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites NEWZFOX @NEWZFOX 27 jan.

IBM dismisses Forbes’ report of massive 112,000 job cuts | Toronto Star http://fb.me/76hU26i7S 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Core DataCloud @CoreDataCloud 27 jan.

191

Interesting.. Tech Industry 'In Flux,' More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected http://ow.ly/I046W #cloudeffects 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Data Mining Agent @DataMiningAgent 27 jan.

IBM denies reports of huge job cuts http://ift.tt/1H40Bc2 #datamining 2 Retweets 1 Favorites ChannelnomicsEU @ChannelnomicsEU 27 jan.

Big Blue blasts 'ridiculous' report of major job cuts: IBM spea… http://bit.ly/1z4Je41 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Chris Skinner @Chris_Skinner 27 jan.

IBM dismisses report of 110,000 job cuts… it'll just be 'several thousand' http://ln.is/www.cbc.ca/m/news/bu/KQDMO… 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Antonio Costa @ACInvestorBlog 27 jan. $IBM IBM says US technology blogger’s claims of 110,000 job cuts are ‘ridiculous’ speculation http://stks.co/g1cjb We'll see who is lying 1 Retweet 1 Favorites ITWeb Online News @ITWeb 27 jan.

IBM's job cuts much less than the 26% cited by Forbes http://on.itweb.co.za/ 140690 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Aki Anastasiou @AkiAnastasiou 27 jan.

IBM denies plans to cut 26% of workforce. Tech giant says claims of 110,000 job cuts are ‘ridiculous’ speculation http://bit.ly/1zmTNmk 4 Retweets 2 Favorites

Cloud Server Hosts @besthosts 27 jan.

Will the mainframe survive IBM job cuts?

Most businesses deploy commodity x86 servers for web and mobile back en… http://binged.it/1yoI8w8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Data Mining Agent @DataMiningAgent 27 jan.

IBM denies reports of huge job cuts http://ift.tt/1tiQNV9 #datamining 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Canadian Op Eds @canadianopinion 27 jan.

IBM dismisses Forbes’ report of massive 112,000 job cuts http://bit.ly/1H2WIUB #canada #news 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Updates, Get It Al @GetItAl 27 jan.

International Business Machines Corp.

Rejects Forbes Report About Job Cuts: International Business Machines re… http://bit.ly/1DcpxrI 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Andy Piper @andypiper 27 jan.

Kingston upon Thames, London" Amazing to see the Cringely reporting of IBM job cuts hit outlets like Sky without any apparent due diligence. Let's see what happens!

0 Retweet 2 Favorites SocialHearings @socialhearings 26 jan.

Tech Industry 'In Flux,' More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected: Technology is one bi-polar industry. On one h… http://bit.ly/1thv1kH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 247 Bulletin News UK 247@bulletin_uk 26 jan.

Will the mainframe survive IBM job cuts?

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- http://247bulletin.co.uk/will-themainframe-survive-ibm-job-cuts/… #TechNews 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Richard Southern @richard680news 26 jan.

Japanese clothing retailer Uniqlo coming to #Toronto. Possible job cuts at Tim Hortons & the latest shocker form KFC! http://tinyurl.com/ma4jvuz 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Christian Buckley @buckleyplanet 26 jan.

Tech Industry In Flux, More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected by @DomNicastro http://www.cmswire.com/cms/ information-management/tech-industryin-flux-more-job-cuts-at-ibm-othersexpected-027842.php… via @cmswire 0 Retweet 0 Favorites fugoji @fugoji 26 jan. #TechIndustry 'In Flux,' More #Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected http://dlvr.it/ 8FnRLd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CMSWire.com @cmswire 26 jan.

“It is common to see simultaneous job destruction and creation” http://smg.io/ 1JvdFFb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Times Union @timesunion 26 jan.

IBM employees bracing for job cuts http://trib.al/RABmH4I 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Forex Rebate Daily @forexrebateteam 26 jan.

IBM Blasts 'Ludicrous' Rumors Of 110,000 Job Cuts http://dlvr.it/8FlMxc #forexnews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

ForexSignalsEA @ForexSignalsEA 26 jan.

IBM Blasts 'Ludicrous' Rumors Of 110,000 Job Cuts http://bit.ly/1uTIxfD #forex #trading #USD 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Stock Wire @stockwire24 26 jan.

International Business Machines Corp.

Rejects Forbes Report About Job Cuts $IBM http://bit.ly/1yJBeqe 0 Retweet 0 Favorites BeritaTrading @BeritaTrading 26 jan.

IBM Blasts 'Ludicrous' Rumors Of 110,000 Job Cuts: IBM on Monday refuted a blogger's… http://bit.ly/1thL9Tj # http://ow.ly/oW5p1 1 Retweet 0 Favorites tubusiness @tubusiness 26 jan.

Buzz: IBM employees bracing for job cuts: Employees at IBM are bracing for yet another round of job cuts as th… http://bit.ly/1z36Q94 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 4-traders.com @ForTraders 26 jan. #Business Machines : Global message IBM criticises job cuts 'rumours' http://www.4-traders.com/ INTERNATIONAL-BUSINESS-MA-4828/ news/Business-Machines--Globalmessage-IBM-criticises-job-cutsrumours-19765007/… $IBM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ram Ramgopal @RamCNN 26 jan.

In re. 112k job cuts, IBM: Layoffs will be of "several thousand people, a mere fraction of what's been reported" http://money.cnn.com/2015/01/26/technology/ibm-layoffs/index.html…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Andrea Incalza @CustomerKing 26 jan.

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Tech Industry 'In Flux,' More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected http://ift.tt/15D4J1t #socbiz 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dan Gallagher @djtgallagher 26 jan.

IBM's problems wouldn't be solved with massive job cuts, reports of which look sketchy anyway. http://on.wsj.com/ 1JQ8bD2 via @WSJMoneyBeat 4 Retweets 0 Favorites Sean Bordner @SeanKyleBordner 26 jan.

Tech Industry 'In Flux,' More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected: Technology is one bi-polar industry. On one h… http://bit.ly/1thv14j 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CMSWire.com @cmswire 26 jan.

Tech Industry 'In Flux,' More Job Cuts at IBM, Others Expected by @DomNicastro http://smg.io/1JQr7Sg #eim 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Nick Ferbert @NickFerbert 26 jan. @IBM #job cuts to be smaller than rumored? http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/ 26/sources-say-ibm-planning-on-layingoff-12000-over-nextyear/?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000604… $IBM #stocks 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TorontoStar @TorontoStar 26 jan. #IBM is dismissing a @Forbes' report of massive 112,000 job cuts. http://on.thestar.com/1ymjLz5 11 Retweets 0 Favorites Top Tech Stocks @Top_Tech_Stocks 26 jan.

IBM job cuts?; D.R. Horton soars on beat; AT&T expands in Mexico.. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ibmreadies-for-big-jobs-cuts--d-r--horton-

soars-on-beat--at-t-expands-inmexico-141358166.html… http://12Stocks.com/IBM #Tech #stocks 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

http://www.wsj.com/articles/ibmdismisses-report-of-massivelayoffs-1422289059… by @donal888 3 Retweets 0 Favorites

newsobserver.com @newsobserver 26 jan.

IBM disputes report that the tech firm is planning massive job cuts for more than 100,000 people http://bit.ly/1LbJDI8 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Compare the Cloud @comparethecloud 26 jan. #IBM call BS on Job Layoffs http://wraltechwire.com/ibm-dismisseslayoff-report-as-ridiculous-however-bigblue-confirms-it-is-making-cuts/ 14390169/… This rumour is ridiculous, says IBM's director of corporate communications Doug Shelton.

8 Retweets 2 Favorites

Tech News Round @technewsround 26 jan.

Will the mainframe survive IBM job cuts?

- http://pjtec.info/will-the-mainframesurvive-ibm-job-cuts/… ##LatestTech ##TechNews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Libby L @libbyandfred 26 jan.

IBM dismisses Forbes’ report of massive 112,000 job cuts - Trader Gregory Rowe, right, stops at the post that hand… http://ht.ly/2TSZ5B 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Laura Mandaro @lauramandaro 26 jan.

Well then. "IBM does not comment on rumors, even ridiculous or baseless ones” on report of 100K job cuts http://www.wsj.com/articles/ibmdismisses-report-of-massivelayoffs-1422289059…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Thus Spake @thus_spake 26 jan.

IBM dismisses Forbes’ report of massive 112,000 job cuts: The company said it has about 15,000 job open… http://on.thestar.com/1H07YBc (TrSt) 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Shira Ovide @ShiraOvide 26 jan.

Well, IBM pours cold water on that eye catching report of 100,000+ job cuts.

194

Pattie Lovett-Reid @PattieCTV 26 jan.

IBM says the job cuts of 112,000 are ridculous but did say they already announced $600m workforce rebalancing charge 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MuViMoTV @MuViMoTV 26 jan.

New Video: IBM job cuts?; D.R. Horton soars on beat; AT expands in Mexico http://muvimotv.com/misc/ibm-job-cuts-dr-horton-soars-on-beat-at-expands-inmexico…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites DCD AG, Switzerland @DCD_AG_ENGLISH 26 jan.

Live: Wall St. eyes Greece; IBM job cuts; Cablevision cellphone service: Join Market Mo… http://yhoo.it/15Bbxwd http://www.dcd-ag.com 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matt Baker @BizDatabase 26 jan.

IBM could announce the corporate layoff ever this week http://ift.tt/1zh8DdO IBM could announce 110,000 job cuts this week If the re…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Top Tech Stocks @Top_Tech_Stocks

26 jan.

Wall Street watches Greece; IBM job cuts; Cablevision cellphone service.. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/wallstreet-watches-greece--ibm-job-cuts-cablevision-cellphoneservice-123147390.html… http://12Stocks.com/MSFT #Tech #stocks 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dow Jones News @dowbands 26 jan.

Wall Street watches Greece; IBM job cuts; Cablevision cellphone service $DJIA http://bit.ly/1zNXxgf 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Veenu Grover @veenugg 26 jan.

Over 100,000 layoffs by IBM. 26% of workforce to go! IT sector not as rosy anymore? http://www.cultofmac.com/ 310012/ibm-prepares-largest-corporatelayoff/… #layoffs #IBM #TCS #jobcuts 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Rory Cellan-Jones @ruskin147 26 jan. http://www.itworld.com/article/2875112/ ibm-is-about-to-get-hit-with-a-massivereorg-and-layoffs.html… Reports that IBM planning some of biggest job cuts in tech industry history (HT@VFritzNews) 6 Retweets 5 Favorites Charlie @Hirosuke 26 jan.

RT:@鍵 Amex が 4,000、eBay が 2,400 の job cuts と聞いて厳しいなあ、などと 思っていたら、IBM が文字通りゼロふた つ違う111,800 人 layoff するそうな。 http://www.itworld.com/article/2875112/ ibm-is-about-to-get-hit-with-a-massivereorg-and-layoffs.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Paul W.H. Kim @PaulWHKim 26 jan.

Been saying this over and over. Long innovation, short $IBM: IBM job cuts could come soon http://pojonews.co/1BY2qUG

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites Poughkeepsie Journal @PokJournal 25 jan.

IBM job cuts could come soon: http://pojonews.co/1BY2qUG 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Stu Shinske @stushin 24 jan.

Hey @IBMers, job cuts likely coming -apparently by April 1. Why? Restructuring, earnings. http://pojonews.co/ 1BY2qUG @allianceibm @craigwolfpj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Alliance Member @AllianceIBM 22 jan. http://www.businessspectator.com.au/ news/2015/1/20/technology/ibmaustralia-set-first-round-job-cuts… IBM Australia appears set to commence the first round of job cuts… @IBM #THINKGlobalUnion http://www.allianceibm.org 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Titan Vine @titanvine 22 jan.

IBM #Australia set for first round of job cuts #innovation #technology http://www.titanvine.com/ibm-australiaset-for-first-round-of-job-cuts/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

2015-01-31

THE APPLE STORE WILL HAVE SAFES TO STORE THE GOLD APPLE WATCH 9to5 Mac reported that the safes will be custom-built and used to store the gold Edition watch. It cited unnamed "sources."

7 ← Summary

196

Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/ apple-stores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-to-house-gold-apple-watches/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/apple-stores-to-be-outfitted-withsafes-to-house-gold-apple-watches/

Apple Stores to act more like jewelry stores for upcoming gold Apple Watch Mark Gurman @markgurman January 31, 2015 / 11:42 am Apple is preparing to take some pages out of the traditional jewelry store playbook. For the upcoming 18-karat gold Apple Watch Edition, Apple is planning several new features for its retail stores to support the device. As we reported several months ago, Apple is planning on allowing customers to actually try on the watches and test out different band styles inside of stores. With the high-expected price tag of the gold watch models, Apple will also step up its security features for stores…

Apple will outfit its official retail stores with safes to house the more expensive, gold “Edition” variants of the upcoming Apple Watch, according to sources. The safes will likely be used to carry both to-be-sold inventory as well as to store demo units from the show floor overnight. The custom-designed safes will be outfitted with Apple Watch MagSafe chargers in order to keep the demo units charged up and ready to go for the next day of business.

Apple has already begun installing the safes in some stores ahead of the Apple Watch’s expected release in April…

Earlier this week, 9to5‘s Jeremy Horwitz explained that the Apple Watch Edition will likely have a special sales process, due to its high price, that differentiates it from the less-expensive stainless steel and aluminum models. Sources also say that Apple is getting ready to re-organize Apple Store shelving areas to make room for Apple Watch display tables. Apple is also working on ways to allow prospective buyers to try on Apple Watches inside of the store and play around with different band material and color options. Apple is also working on special weight scales for its retail stores to weigh the amount of gold in individual Apple Watch 197

Edition variants. The scales will be used to weigh the amount of gold in Apple Watch Editions upon replacement or return. Apple wants to ensure that no gold is removed from the units prior to replacement/return as the gold material is worth a substantial amount of money on secondary markets. The fact that Apple is working on scales further indicates that there will be a notable amount of gold in the Watch and that the device will be pricey.

While the aluminum and glass Apple Watch Sport will start at $349, earlier reports have claimed that the Apple Watch Edition will be priced in the range of thousands of dollars.

With that high price tag, combined with materials such as gold, it is important for Apple to take a page out of jewelry store mechanics and ensure that Apple Watches are safely housed prior to sale. In mid-February, Apple will begin sending a pair of Apple Store employees from many of its stores to training sessions in both Cupertino, California and Austin, Texas to learn about the Apple Watch’s functionality.

Apple Stores will also begin moving over to brand new shirts for employees on February 2nd. The new look is more elegant with collars, which matches up nicely with the fashion appeal and pricing of Apple’s upcoming watches.

The rumor has been shared 3819 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Zac Hall @apollozac 31 jan.

The Apple Watch safe combination is 1 left 9 right 8 left 4 right http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/applestores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/…

7 Retweets 7 Favorites

2 Retweets 2 Favorites

Gary Allen @ifostore 31 jan.

Well, thank goodness Mark didn't say where the Apple Watch safes will be located in the stores and the combination. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/applestores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/…

Mohammed Yassin @iyassin 31 jan.

Apple Watch Edition will reportedly be stored in special safes inside Apple Stores http://ya-ss.in/L8dD 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

198

Skip Potter @pottertech 31 jan.

The gold version of the upcoming Apple Watch could be stored in safes installed inside Apple… http://goo.gl/fb/gvFzq8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Anything Apple @appletweets__ 31

jan.

Apple Watch Edition will reportedly be stored in special safes inside Apple Stores: The gold version of the u… http://j.mp/1Diln1p 3 Retweets 3 Favorites Sirhcx @xaqt93 31 jan.

Apple Stores to be outfitted with safes to house The Gold Apple Watches #AppleWatch #AppleStore #Apple http://flip.it/ sRZel 0 Retweet 1 Favorites iMore Firehose @imore_firehose 31 jan.

Apple Watch Edition will reportedly be stored in special safes inside Apple Stores http://phon.es/uv4w 0 Retweet 1 Favorites OneAppleWorld @OneAppleWorld 31 jan.

Apple Stores to be outfitted with safes to house gold Apple Watches - 9 to 5 Mac (blog) http://bit.ly/1vlVhM4 #apple, #watch 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Michael Conte @michael_conte1 31 jan.

Apple to install safes to hold the highpriced Apple Watch Edition at night when the store is closed.… http://instagram.com/p/yh-p6eqHZi/ 0 Retweet 1 Favorites The Tech Block @thetechblock 31 jan.

Apple Stores to be outfitted with safes to house gold Apple Watch Edition http://buff.ly/1uNeNLI 3 Retweets 7 Favorites Gilly Vanilly シ @GillyBerlin 31 jan.

Berlin, Deutschland" Es soll Safes für die goldene Apple Watch in Apple Stores geben. Kann ich

199

dann wohl abschminken, dass ich mir eine goldene leisten kann -.1 Retweet 3 Favorites Mark Gurman @markgurman 1 feb.

The gold Apple Watch is serious stuff.

Apple Stores will have special safes to keep them locked up. tip @techmeme http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/applestores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/…

42 Retweets 37 Favorites innersocial @innersocial 1 feb.

Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special Safes for the Apple Watch http://bit.ly/1BQ5PCz #apple #applewatch 0 Retweet 1 Favorites SebastianHoelzl @SebastianHoelzl 1 feb.

Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special… http://bit.ly/1BQ4qvw #apple #applewatch #applewatchedition #smartwatches #mobile #social 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emilio Cogliani @Emils72 1 feb. #apple #applewatch Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special Safes for the Apple Watch http://goo.gl/4UFNOu @gizmodo #news 2 Retweets 1 Favorites IG: stoned_dawg @dimkay_ 1 feb. #stonerdawg!! Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special Safes for the Apple Watch: As we get c… http://bit.ly/16hBDpa via @dimkay_ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gadget Place @gadgets_place 1 feb.

Gizmodo - Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special Safes for the Apple Watch: As we get closer to… http://bit.ly/16hBDpa #Gizmodo

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Zuoras @Zuoras 1 feb. #Apple is working to outfit their stores with custom safes to house the high-end gold "Edition" #AppleWatch 1 Retweet 1 Favorites TechGreatest @TechGreatest 1 feb.

Apple installing safes in its retail stores to keep gold Apple Watch http://goo.gl/fb/ JNmwQ2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 금동우 @ehddn1 1 feb. 애플이 Apple Watch 고가모델(18K모델) 보관용 금고를 직영점에 설치 시작. 안에 는 충전기능도 있어 전시상품 보관에도 활용. 4월 이후 사람들의 손목에 혁신적인 무언가를 가져다줄 수 있을지 궁금.. http://bit.ly/168XBd1 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Frmz @pkfrom 1 feb.

Apple installing safes in its retail stores to keep gold Apple Watch http://goo.gl/ AwobyO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Georgina Altecon @GeorginaAltecon 1 feb.

According to a report from 9to5Mac’s Mark Gurman, Apple will house the pricey 18-karat gold Apple Watch units in… http://fb.me/7HRi3XLbk 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ana @AnaViga09 1 feb.

Apple Watch To Be Kept In Secure Safes At Apple Stores: When the Apple Watch is made available to customers, A… http://bit.ly/1wSxmO8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ashley Jane Brookes @ashjbee 1 feb. #want: gold apple watch. #need: a second job to pay for it. Apple you've done it

200

again. http://owl.li/IiN7J 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Apple Watch News @ApplWatchNews 1 feb. #AppleWatch Gold Apple Watch Will Be Stored In Special Safes At Apple Stores Ubergizmo (blog) http://tinyurl.com/ mf4dqjj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites #JS @i_Apple_News 1 feb.

Apple Watch: spezielle Safes für Apple Stores: Für die goldene Edition der zukünftigen Apple Watch werden die… http://bit.ly/1DltRol 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ryan Bumpstead @MobilityEntGov 1 feb.

What will telco and retailers do? As Apple Stores are to be outfitted with safes to house gold #AppleWatch. http://flip.it/ bl0Pv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Macerkopf.de @macerkopf_de 1 feb.

Apple Watch: spezielle Safes für Apple Stores http://wp.me/p4xLIf-k45 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Guide Media @GuideMedia 1 feb. #Apple Stores to Keep High-End Apple Watches in Custom Safes http://goo.gl/ fb/bZOhEe #applestore #applewatch #edition 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daniel Gordon @DanGordon 1 feb.

Apple is to install safes to house the special gold edition of the upcoming Apple Watch. https://www.inside.com/apple/ u53ex/ 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Daily Brew - Tech @DailyBrewTech 1 feb.

Apple Stores To Be Outfitted With Safes… #applewatch #applewatche #applenews http://www.dailybrew.com/b/ 4688042 0 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhone & iPad Fans @iPhoneiPadFans 1 feb.

Apple installing safes in its retail stores to keep gold Apple Watch http://bit.ly/ 1zKD8Jm 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Dyrektor TT @asegPL 1 feb. #hehe RT @mrdeo_: Czyli jednak cena Apple Watch w złotówkach będzie 5 cyfrowa… http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/ 31/apple-stores-to-be-outfitted-withsafes-to-house-gold-apple-watches/…

0 Retweet 3 Favorites

MyAppleGadgets.com @My_AppleGadgets 1 feb.

Apple Stores Soon to Be Jewelry Stores? http://ow.ly/IidBT #applewatch 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Marco Herrmann @Kleeblatt1977 1 feb.

Retail: Safes mit MagSafe-Anschlüssen sollen Apple Watch sichern http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Apfelpage/~3/zERxiZlOKfs/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Duane Roebuck @duaneroe 1 feb.

Apple Watch Edition will reportedly be stored in special safes inside Apple Stores http://zite.to/1BM89dJ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Gavin @gavins 1 feb.

Apple Watch Edition will reportedly be stored in special safes inside Apple Stores http://buff.ly/1CnkTdE 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

iPhone Hacks @iPhoneHackx 1 feb.

Apple installing safes in its retail stores to keep gold plated Apple Watch http://dlvr.it/8LNzxM 5 Retweets 1 Favorites

Ubergizmo @ubergizmo 1 feb.

Apple is making special arrangements to house the very expensive Apple Watch models at its stores. http://fb.me/6jxG0bnda 2 Retweets 0 Favorites

CURVED @curved_de 1 feb.

Apple Stores erhalten Safes für die goldene Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1uPBPS7 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

Ubergizmo @ubergizmo 1 feb.

Gold Apple Watch Will Be Stored In Special Safes At Apple Stores http://www.ubergizmo.com/?p=219436 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Ramneek Khurana @KhuranaRamneek 1 feb. #Apple is to install safes to house the special gold edition of the upcoming Watch #warehouse https://www.inside.com/apple/u53ex/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Brian Warmoth @brianwarmoth 1 feb.

What I don't get: Buying a gold Apple Watch if the tech might be old/unsupported in a matter of years RT @9to5mac http://wp.me/p1xtr9-1wBd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites BlackGay?oud @DennisLCarney 1 feb. #Apple Stores to be outfitted with safes to house gold Apple Watches http://flip.it/ 2eXih #AppleWatch #SmartWatch #Gadgets 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Blogg Boss @BloggBoss 1 feb.

Apple Watch Edition To Be Stored In Special Safes Inside Apple Stores http://goo.gl/IS6th4 0 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhoneCrackx™ @iPhoneCrackx 1 feb.

Für die Apple Watch: Retail Stores werden mit Safes ausgestattet http://apfellike.com/?p=44117 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Apfellike @apfellike 1 feb.

Für die Apple Watch: Retail Stores werden mit Safes ausgestattet http://www.apfellike.com/?p=44117 4 Retweets 3 Favorites Internet Nachrichten @InetNachrichten 1 feb.

Wegen Apple Watch: Apple Stores demnächst mit Safes | Macnotes.de http://www.macnotes.de/2015/01/31/ apple-watch-safe-apple-store…, see more http://tweetedtimes.com/InetNachrichten/die-techniknachrichten?s=tnp…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites GIGA APPLE @macnews_de 1 feb.

Für die goldene Apple Watch: Apple Stores erhalten Safes http://goo.gl/fb/ c8Ps2O 1 Retweet 1 Favorites MacCop @Mac_Cop 1 feb.

Für die goldene Apple Watch: Apple Stores erhalten Safes: Apples Ladengeschäfte sollen für den Verkauf der gol… http://bit.ly/18EtmwH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Apfelpage.de @apfelpage_de 1 feb.

Retail: Safes mit MagSafe-Anschlüssen sollen Apple Watch sichern http://goo.gl/ fb/RF53c3 #applewatch #applestore

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AHT_UoS @AHT_UoS 1 feb.

Apple Stores to be outfitted with safes to house gold Apple Watches http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/applestores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/… #AppleWatch 0 Retweet 0 Favorites AppOSX @AppOSX 1 feb.

18K Gold Apple Watch Edition to be Housed In Safes - http://bit.ly/1AdOPYN 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Dr. J @PhlyingRPh 1 feb.

Info on the 18kt Gold version of the Apple Watch… http://j.mp/1Diln1p ” Via @appletweets__ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Wells Wilson @WellsWilson 1 feb.

Apple Watch Edition will reportedly be stored in special safes inside Apple Stores via @iMore http://bit.ly/1EWPTPF 0 Retweet 1 Favorites こぼねみ MacBook 12買いました @kobonemi 1 feb. 【ブログ更新】Apple、18K Apple Watch のため特別な金庫を直営店に用意してい る模様 - こぼねみ http://www.kobonemi.com/entry/2015/02/ 01/Apple-Watch-Gold-Edition-Safes…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites ben barren @benbarren 31 jan. not so genius bar is @apple requiring fort knox setup at stores holding tacky gold #applewatch http://9to5mac.com/ 2015/01/31/apple-stores-to-be-outfittedwith-safes-to-house-gold-applewatches/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites ChulaVistaCurmudgeon @wrichter00

31 jan. Chula Vista, CA" If Apple is installing safes in their stores to keep the inventory of the gold Watch, means that they won't be cheap http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/applestores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sajonara.de @sajonara 31 jan.

Wegen Apple Watch: Apple Stores demnächst mit Safes http://www.macnotes.de/?p=190424 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Blog4i.de @Blog4i 31 jan.

Die Apple Watch ist Schuld, dass in Apple Stores demnächst Safes stehen http://www.macnotes.de/?p=190424 0 Retweet 0 Favorites  Macnotes.de @Macnotes 31 jan.

Wegen der #AppleWatch werden #AppleStores demnächst mit #Safes ausgestattet http://www.macnotes.de/?p=190424 Apple Watch News @ApplWatchNews 1 feb. #AppleWatch Apple Stores Will Be Outfitted With Special Safes for Gold Apple Watches - Gizmodo http://tinyurl.com/ ocwhbnv 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

stores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Aamir aka THE FLASH @iMalaiBoti 1 feb.

The gold Apple Watch is serious stuff.

Apple Stores will have special safes to keep them locked up. tip @techmeme http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/applestores-to-be-outfitted-with-safes-tohouse-gold-apple-watches/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites  Tony Manning @ManningT 1 feb.

Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special Safes for the Apple Watch (Darren Orf/Gizmodo): Darren Orf / Gizmodo… http://bit.ly/1HGNjCu 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TechKnowledgeIt.com @TechKnowledgeIt 1 feb.

As we get closer to Apple Watch's official launch, more details are becoming clearer and clearer. For one, we're… http://fb.me/74RSYxiIq 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Eddie Espinal @EspinalLab 1 feb.

Apple Stores May Be Outfitted With… http://dlvr.it/8Lcgh7 #apple #applewatch #applewatchedition #smartwatches 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Tim Hughes @Timothy_Hughes 1 feb.

Gold Apple Watch Will Be Stored In Special Safes At Apple Stores @ubergizmo http://zite.to/1CPIbHz 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

TechGreatest @TechGreatest 1 feb.

Apple installing safes in its retail stores to keep gold Apple Watch: Apple will house those pricey Apple Watc… http://bit.ly/ 1tRRPYK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Andrew Sheehy @sheehy_andrew 1 feb.

Apple Watch prices up to 1000's of $. Installing in-store storage safes. http://9to5mac.com/2015/01/31/apple-

Mladen Malik @BarbaR_ZD 1 feb.

Apple Stores May Be Outfitted With Special Safes for Gold Apple Watches: As we get closer to Apple Watch's of… http://bit.ly/1wSTgB4

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites Raffy Tekeyan @RaffyTekeyan 1 feb. â&#x20AC;Ś- Apple Stores Will be Outfitted With Special Safes for the Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1tRMy3f

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2015-02-16

APPLE REMOVED FROM APPLE WATCH A MONITOR BLOODPRESSURE On February 16, 2015 Wall Street Journal's Daisuke Wakayabashi reported that "When Apple Inc. started developing its smart watch, executives envisioned a state-of-the-art health-monitoring device that could measure blood pressure, heart activity and stress levels, among other things, according to people familiar with the matter." Article noted this feature won't be available at launch.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

205

Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.wsj.com/articles/ challenge-of-apple-watch-defining-its-purpose-1424133615 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.wsj.com/articles/challenge-of-apple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615

What Exactly Is an Apple Watch For?

By Daisuke Wakabayashi Feb. 16, 2015 7:40 p.m. ET When Apple Inc. started developing its smartwatch, executives envisioned a state-of-the-art health-monitoring device that could measure blood pressure, heart activity and stress levels, among other things, according to people familiar with the matter.

The rumor has been shared 8937 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Mobile Apps Post @MobileAppsPost 17 feb.

Apple Watch App Made By Dexcom Will Display Blood Glucose Levels http://www.forbes.com/sites/ amitchowdhry/2015/02/11/apple-watchglucose-trackingapp/?utm_campaign=Forbes&utm_sourc e=TWITTER&utm_medium=social&utm_ channel=Technology&linkId=12290769â&#x20AC;Ś 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Wearable Techie @wearabletechie 17 feb.

Apple Watch won't track blood pressure, stress or heart activity, report says #wearable #tech http://j.mp/1yTHkzT 2 Retweets 0 Favorites William Hueppauff @NerdMentor 17 feb.

206

Report: #AppleWatch will not be able to track blood pressure, heart activity, stress levels. #Apple - CNET http://cnet.co/1vTEgJn 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Tom Canova, Modevity @Modevity 17 feb.

Keeping an eye on your blood #glucose?

This #Apple #Watch app will measure it: http://onforb.es/1FRdqSy http://www.araloc.com 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Popular Mechanics @PopMech 17 feb.

Sorry, Apple Watch won't monitor your heart rate or blood pressure after all http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a14120/sorry-applewatch-wont-monitor-your-heart-rate-andblood-pressure-after-all/â&#x20AC;Ś

8 Retweets 5 Favorites All Heatly Mobile @AllHeatlyMobile 17 feb. #Apple Watch was initially supposed to track stress blood pressure..-When #Apple announced the #Apple Watch last..http://heatly.com/qrGCu5N 0 Retweet 0 Favorites PharmaSy @PharmaSy 17 feb.

Apple Watch Specs: Company Forced to Remove Blood Pressure, Heart Activity and Stress Levels… http://bit.ly/19t00BN 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tech Log @TechL0G 17 feb.

Report: Stress, Blood Pressure, and Other Sensors Dropped From Apple Watch: Watch will be marketed more… http://dlvr.it/8c0Lrz |DailyTech 0 Retweet 0 Favorites John Wayne Ferguson @JohnWFerguson 17 feb.

Health features that could measure blood pressure, heart activity, stress levels cut from the Apple Watch http://on.wsj.com/ 1EGeirW via @WSJ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bartlett's 3rd Term @jedsthirdterm 17 feb.

Landingham enters. ABBEY Blood Pressure 120/80. #Report #Blood #Apple #Watch http://www.dailytech.com/Report+Stress+Blood+Pressure+and+Other+Sensors+Dropped+From+Apple+Watch/article37170c.htm…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites San Diego PC Help @sandiegopchelp 17 feb.

Report: Stress, Blood Pressure, and Other Sensors Dropped From Apple Watch: Watch will be ma… http://bit.ly/19sf9TS

207

#technology #news 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Canadian Diabetes @DiabetesAssoc 17 feb.

Would you purchase an Apple Watch if it could help you monitor your blood glucose? http://bit.ly/1xZei1u #diabetes #t1D #t2D 3 Retweets 3 Favorites Rick E. Schwartz @mostlytech1 17 feb.

Apple had to remove heart rate & blood pressure sensors on Apple Watch because they couldn't make them work reliably. http://www.engadget.com/2015/02/ 17/apple-watch-health-features-cut/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Michael Flicker, MD @DrFlicker 17 feb.

"Other features that didn't make it into the final #Apple #Watch were bloodpressure and blood-oxygen-level tracking" http://www.businessinsider.com/ apple-cuts-features-from-applewatch-2015-2…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites ZDNet @ZDNet 17 feb.

Sensor issues forced health features, like blood pressure monitor, to be cut from Apple Watch http://zd.net/1Jn79Uh 19 Retweets 5 Favorites Steve Leonard @steveleonardSG 17 feb.

Sensor under skin comms w/ Apple watch to monitor blood glucose. Choices we make. #FutureofHealth #precisionmedicine http://www.forbes.com/sites/ amitchowdhry/2015/02/11/apple-watchglucose-trackingapp/?utm_campaign=ForbesTech&utm_s ource=TWITTER&utm_medium=social& utm_channel=Technology&linkId=12372 011…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Maypalo @Maypalo 17 feb.

Apple Removed “Stress” & “Blood Pressure” Sensors From Apple Watch http://wp.me/p16pmZ-6zh 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Dubai News & Views @DubaiNameShame 17 feb.

RT @ForbesTech: Keeping an eye on your blood glucose? This Apple Watch app will measure it: http://onforb.es/ 1FRdqSy 4 Retweets 2 Favorites VIRAL NOW @ViralNgayon 17 feb.

Viral on Forbes: Apple Watch App Made

By Dexcom Will Display Blood Glucose Levels http://ift.tt/1vDWrmp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites AROBOT Chennai @AROBOTChennai 17 feb.

Apple Watch App Made By Dexcom Will Display Blood Glucose Levels http://onforb.es/1Cg2FIu via @forbes 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Forbes Tech News @ForbesTech 17 feb.

Keeping an eye on your blood glucose?

This Apple Watch app will measure it: http://onforb.es/1FRdqSy 64 Retweets 53 Favorites Paul Sonnier @Paul_Sonnier 17 feb. .@vgargMD @daiwaka Accessories. Example: Dexcom's #AppleWatch App Will Display Blood Glucose Levels http://www.forbes.com/sites/ amitchowdhry/2015/02/11/apple-watchglucose-tracking-app… #DigitalHealth 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Scott Thurm @ScottThurm 17 feb.

Apple wanted Watch to gauge blood

208

pressure, heart rate & stress, but cudn't.

How to sell it now? http://on.wsj.com/ 1EGeirW via @daiwaka 1 Retweet 0 Favorites JDRF @JDRF 16 feb.

Apple Watch Will Have Blood Glucose Monitoring App For People with #Diabetes http://ow.ly/IPzln via @TechTimes_News #T1D 50 Retweets 30 Favorites Matteo Berdini @MatteoBerdini 16 feb. #AppleWatch #Apps Made By @Dexcom Will Display Blood Glucose Levels - for #diabetes - http://buff.ly/174Cmdp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhoneで遊ぶ夫 @asobuo 16 feb.

New post: Apple様「AppleWatchで血糖 値計りたいんだけど」→FDA「御意」→ 規制緩和へ http://bit.ly/1zYl6BO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HighHatHaberdashery @HighHatHab 16 feb.

The new Apple Watch will enable blood glucose monitoring. Fashion + Health = Revolution http://bit.ly/1AU7dWW 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Real Health Magazine @RealHealthMag 15 feb.

Apple Watch App to Monitor Diabetic Wearers’ Blood Sugar Levels http://ow.ly/ J4fS1 @dexcom #diabetes 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Mike Greaves @wheelcritter 15 feb. @amitchowdhry : Apple Watch App Made By Dexcom Will Display Blood Glucose Levels http://www.forbes.com/sites/ amitchowdhry/2015/02/11/apple-watchglucose-tracking-app/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

John Pinard @PinardJohn 15 feb.

App will bring blood-glucose monitoring to the Apple Watch #tech #feedly http://buff.ly/1M89lO8 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

(Reuters) - Apple Inc has asked its Asian suppliers to make 5-6 million units of its three Apple Watch models for… http://fb.me/3GqdrLhof 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

PeterWallburgStudio @peterwallburg15 17 feb.

How The Apple Watch Will Work, As Explained By The People Making The Apps http://zite.to/1EKCBoM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

海野俊明 Unno Toshiaki♑ @unnot 17 feb.

Apple、｢Apple Watch｣の発売に向け今四 半期に500〜600万台製造か | 気になる、 記になる… http://taisy0.com/2015/02/17/ 46125.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Applenauts @applenauts 17 feb.

Apple Watch won’t track blood pressure, stress or heart activity, report says: a new report fr… http://binged.it/1yTYJZn #Apple #iPhone 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Richard Calhoun @richardcalhoun 17 feb.

Why the Apple Watch should obliterate records for wearable tech http://www.cityam.com/209644/whyapple-watch-should-obliterate-salesrecords-wearable-tech… via @CityAM 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Lukito Abraham @androworldnews 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1L8s5d7 #market 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bay Area News @concord_blogger 17 feb.

Biz Break: Apple Watch plans, Apple car buzz, and another new stock record #BayArea http://www.mercurynews.com/ 60-second-business-break/ci_27545028/ biz-break-apple-watch-plans-apple-carbuzz?source=rss…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites TechKnowledgeIt.com @TechKnowledgeIt 17 feb.

209

crystal @crystalsgibson 17 feb.

I just entered the #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch.

Take a sec to enter… https://deals.ilounge.com/giveaways/theapple-watch-giveaway?gid=1319990… via @ilounge 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Harry Wang @HarryatParks 17 feb.

The Scaled-back Apple Watch Showcases the Challenges to Enter the Health Monitoring Market http://www.parksassociates.com/blog/article/the-scaled-back-apple-watchshowcases-the-challenges-to-enter-thehealth-monitoring-market#.VOPVHUVvFQ.twitter…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites TechKnowledgeIt.com @TechKnowledgeIt 17 feb.

When the Apple Watch ships in April, it will be available in different sizes, styles, and colors. There's a rose… http://fb.me/ 7p8Sgkcxp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites NAU @revolversix 17 feb. 「Apple Watch」の価格は500ドルか ら？！「Edition」シリーズは 4,000〜5,000ドル？！ | gori.me（ゴリミ ー） - http://gori.me/apple-watch/

65180?utm_source=zenback&utm_medi um=http%3A//www.macotakara.jp/blog/ Watch/entry-26023.html&utm_campaign=zb_relat ed_links…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Mason K. Dettloff @masonkekoa 17 feb.

Time to order @GADooling “@TechCrunch: Initial Apple Watch Orders Pegged At Between 5 And 6 Million http://tcrn.ch/1AzAcjd by @drizzled” 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Klaudia Jurewicz @KlaudiaJurewicz 17 feb.

Are you ready for new…”watch”? Here’s why there are so many different versions of the Apple Watch http://ow.ly/JdIsb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites サテライトオフィス @sateraito_jp 17 feb. "アップル、「Apple Watch」の初期製造 として500〜600万台を発注か" http://japan.cnet.com/news/service/ 35060538/?ref=rss…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Rocjoh @Rocjoh 17 feb.

Apple struggled to find purpose for Apple Watch after many planned health features were cut, 5 million units ordered http://9to5mac.com/2015/02/16/applewatch-health-features-cut/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites simplyanand @simplyanand 17 feb.

Myyy precioussss.. "@TechCrunch: Initial Apple Watch orders pegged at between 5 and 6 million http://tcrn.ch/1E1BfYT " 0 Retweet 0 Favorites serge otokar @sergeotokar 17 feb.

L'Apple Watch en or pourrait être le pro-

210

duit le plus cher d'Apple http://mac4ever.com/98456/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tony Sheffler @tony_sheffler 17 feb.

Apple Watch launch plans and pricing revealed in new @WSJ report http://bgr.com/2015/02/17/apple-watchlaunch-plans-pricing-wsj/…

4 Retweets 1 Favorites Zach Hobbs @zhobbs 17 feb.

"The Apple Watch will create an opportunity to build the first 'watch-first' killer app" http://buff.ly/1DnwtG2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jimmy Trammell @jtrammell 17 feb.

Apple Helping Developers Finalize Apple Watch Apps at Cupertino Headquarters http://www.macrumors.com/2015/02/16/ apple-finalizing-watchkit-apps/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kim Gerhardt @SJCSmallBiz 17 feb.

[MercuryNews Biz] Biz Break: Apple Watch plans, Apple car buzz, and another new stock record http://dlvr.it/8cBDM3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sunny Dhillon @SunDhillon 17 feb.

Apple Watch cuts back on some of its health features http://9to5mac.com/2015/ 02/16/apple-watch-health-features-cut/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Craig Brown, Ph.D. @craigbrownphd 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/1yTXrxn #technology 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bataclau @Bataclau 17 feb.

"Apple Watch seems to already disappoint its own creator | Pocketnow" http://m.pocketnow.com/2015/02/17/

apple-watch-disappoints…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

TechEffecto @TechEffecto 17 feb. #Tech Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch http://myeffecto.com/r/26h1_tp 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Martyn Schmoll @martynschmoll 17 feb. #ERROR! 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dennis Hugh Rennock @rennock 17 feb.

Apple Watch expectations climbing to unprecedented heights http://bgr.com/2015/ 02/17/apple-watch-expectations-2015/… via @BGR 0 Retweet 0 Favorites SocializArq @socializarq 17 feb.

With the Apple Watch coming soon, Jony Ive is already revamping the Apple Store design for its arrival: Apple… http://a.cra.com.uy/1vdMyLI 0 Retweet 0 Favorites I4U News @i4unews 17 feb.

Apple Watch Plastic OLED Displays will be supplied by LG - I4U News http://buff.ly/1yQ5jzU 3 Retweets 0 Favorites

Riton Khan @RitonKhan 17 feb.

Apple Watch Orders Top 5M, Healthcare Features Killed http://g-p-l.us/1FZgZ9i #healthcare #healthitbuzz #healthit 0 Retweet 0 Favorites LifeGuarder @LifeGuarder 17 feb.

Apple Watch leads make-or-break year for smartwatches http://ift.tt/19u1R9x #wearable 0 Retweet 0 Favorites LifeGuarder @LifeGuarder 17 feb.

Apple Watch expectations climbing to unprecedented heights http://ift.tt/17nA7S0 #wearable 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Charles Milander @charlesmilander 17 feb.

Wozniak: el Apple Watch es una obra de arte y te lo vas a terminar comprando http://bit.ly/17Pdvel 32 Retweets 6 Favorites Sanusi abdur-rahman @SlowestPoison 17 feb.

Apple Watch to sell well, but health features are out - VatorNews http://dlvr.it/ 8cB723 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Kyle McClain @kylemcclain 17 feb.

Very interesting! An Apple Watch app is coming for people with diabetes | Gigaom http://bit.ly/1yTu0LV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

3novices 3@novices 17 feb.

3Novices:Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1L8s5d7 February 18, 2015 at 05:02AMFor information check here 3no…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Juanan V ⇄ Netámbulo @Netambulo 17 feb.

Las Sony SmartEyeglass, la no inclusión de sensores en el Apple Watch y los introjis: historias del día http://bit.ly/1EMfvhv

TOP in Markets @TOPinMarkets 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/19u1Nq5 #markets 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

211

Fremont Buzz @fremontbuzz 17 feb.

Biz Break: Apple Watch plans, Apple car buzz, and another new stock record: Today: Apple stock hits yet another… http://dlvr.it/8cB9ph 0 Retweet 0 Favorites M.G. Siegler @mgsiegler 17 feb. @dcurtis right but Ive, in early thinking about Apple Watch, must look at that and say, "yeah, this can work.

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Pure BS Podcast @PureBSpodcast 17 feb.

Initial Apple Watch Orders Pegged At Between 5 And 6 Million http://flip.it/ bVf7a 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Don Anderson @whateyeread 17 feb.

Health features for #Apple Watch dramatically scaled back after repeated failures, report says #wearables http://ow.ly/ JbHpq 2 Retweets 3 Favorites Tech News @NoTwitTech 17 feb. #TechNews Muchas funciones del Apple Watch fueron eliminadas porque en muchos casos no funcionaban bien: Según… http://bit.ly/19tZnYK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites GetPretio @Get_Pretio 17 feb.

Just release it already!! Why the Apple Watch will come in so many different models #cooltech http://ow.ly/Jd1sW 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MacTrast @MacTrast 17 feb.

Technology hadn't quite caught up with the features Apple hoped to include in the first Apple Watch http://ow.ly/JbO9G 2 Retweets 2 Favorites

212

Maagg @MaaggTech 17 feb.

Pebble smartwatch formally adds Android Don assist for all http://maagg.com/ blog/pebble-smartwatch-formally-addsandroid-don-assist-for-all… #androiddon #applewatch #chrisjones 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Craig Brown, Ph.D. @craigbrownphd 17 feb.

Top news: Challenge of Apple Watch: Defining Its Purpose - WSJ http://www.wsj.com/articles/challenge-ofapple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615…, see more http://tweetedtimes.com/craigbrownphd?s=tnp…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Essam Altuhafi @Altuhafi 17 feb.

"The New Yorker profiles Jony Ive: details meeting Jobs, iPhone 6, Apple Watch, cars and more" http://buff.ly/ 1CDpTG2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites anthony brown @anthonybrown 17 feb. San Francisco, CA" Fossil getting crushed after hours on poor earnings. I think Apple Watch anticipation a factor. Hasn't launched yet, and already disrupting.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites GloriaL @GloriaL 17 feb. entered #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch. Take a sec to enter… https://deals.thenextweb.com/ giveaways/the-apple-watchgiveaway?gid=507467… via @tnwdeals 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jarrod Magan @jarrodsmagan 17 feb.

Apple Watch isn’t a wearable doctor, so what will it be? http://flip.it/rx288 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

3novices 3@novices 17 feb.

3Novices:Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1L8s5d7 February 18, 2015 at 12:02AMFor information check here 3no…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites SEMANAeconómica @SEMANAeconomica 17 feb. #Apple pidió a sus proveedores asiáticos fabricar entre 5 a 6 millones de #AppleWatch. -> http://goo.gl/zHNGpK 3 Retweets 1 Favorites GloriaL @GloriaL 17 feb.

I just entered the #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch.

Take a sec to enter… https://deals.thenextweb.com/giveaways/ the-apple-watchgiveaway?gid=507467… via @tnwdeals 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daniel Ehevich @Ehevich 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/17fwY7a #tech 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Victor Fuentes @vpfuentes 17 feb.

Pretty impressed with this 3-platform #javascript #wearables App #framework.

- Strap https://www.straphq.com/ #AppleWatch #pebble 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Roberto Mendoza @mendozadelavega 17 feb.

EmprendedoresPE: Preparando la llegada del Apple Watch, ejecutivos de la compañía se reúnen con autoridades… http://ift.tt/1zMnLtx #t…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Roberto Mendoza @mendozadelavega 17 feb.

EmprendedoresPE: Steve Wozniak ade-

213

lanta que "se venderán millones de Apple Watch" http://ift.tt/1zMnLtr #tecnologia #apple 0 Retweet 0 Favorites jasmine thomas @jasminethomas38 17 feb. check this out Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/17fxphN #online #twitter #ad 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Apple Reporter ● @AppleReporter 17 feb.

Apple Up 6 Consecutive Days 10 Of Last 11 All-Time High Overbought $AAPL $QQQ $XLK #iPhone6 #ApplePay #AppleWatch 15 Retweets 23 Favorites Profesionales Panama @ProfPanama 17 feb.

Apple Watch: más de 5 millones de unidades para su lanzamiento, según WSJ http://bit.ly/1AjdSHi 1 Retweet 0 Favorites But I AM NICKI MINAJ @WzzMinaj 17 feb.

Apple Watch Health Sensors Scrapped, As Hairy Wrists, Dry Skin Created Issues: Apple has also experienced issu… http://ln.is/www.designntrend.com/0kgYC… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 7Journals 7@Journals 17 feb.

Apple Nixes Big Health Features in Watch http://cur.lv/j3v0d #Tech #Journals 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dan Stiel @stiel 17 feb.

Apple Watch won't track blood pressure, stress or heart activity, report says http://dlvr.it/8c9nNX #applepay 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

cloudmaven @cloudmaven 17 feb.

I liked a @YouTube video http://youtu.be/ n3fhVPvDB8o?a Apple Car project, Asus Watch, LG Watch Urbane & more Pocketnow Daily 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ERROR! Preparando la llegada del Apple Watch, ejecutivos de la compañía se reúnen con autoridades Mexicanas http://ift.tt/ 1vdG9jq applesfera…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Georgia Wells @georgia_wells 17 feb.

Apple ordered more than 5 million watches for its initial run. Apple Watch Sport will start at $349 http://on.wsj.com/ 1v8gJ6Q 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Krystal @awesome_krystal 17 feb.

I just entered the #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch.

Take a sec to enter… https://stacksocial.com/giveaways/theapple-watch-giveaway?gid=1688561… via @StackSocial 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

214

2015-02-16

APPLE REMOVED FROM APPLE WATCH A SENSOR THAT WOULD GIVE HEART RATE On February 16, 2015 Wall Street Journal's Daisuke Wakayabashi reported that "according to people familiar with the matter… " "Apple tinkered with sensors that measured the conductivity of skin, a concept used in polygraphs to gauge stress." Article noted this feature won't be available at launch.

7 ← Summary

215

Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.wsj.com/articles/ challenge-of-apple-watch-defining-its-purpose-1424133615 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.wsj.com/articles/challenge-of-apple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615

What Exactly Is an Apple Watch For?

By Daisuke Wakabayashi Feb. 16, 2015 7:40 p.m. ET When Apple Inc. started developing its smartwatch, executives envisioned a state-of-the-art health-monitoring device that could measure blood pressure, heart activity and stress levels, among other things, according to people familiar with the matter.

The rumor has been shared 7865 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Stephan Sorger @StephanSorger 17 feb.

Apple drops health-related features from #AppleWatch. http://www.zdnet.com/article/sensor-issues-forced-health-featuresto-be-cut-from-applewatch/?tag=nl.e539&s_cid=e539&ttag=e 539&ftag=TRE17cfd61…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Ramsey Mohsen @rm 17 feb.

"Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch" http://www.zdnet.com/article/sensorissues-forced-health-features-to-be-cutfrom-applewatch/?tag=nl.e539&s_cid=e539&ttag=e 539&ftag=TRE17cfd61…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites

adirmu @adirmu 17 feb.

Apple+Watch+medirá+los+niveles+de+glucosa+gracias+a+un+sensor+subcutáneo http://www.europapress.es/ portaltic/gadgets/noticia-apple-watchmedira-niveles-glucosa-gracias-sensorsubcutaneo-20150209164123.html#.VOO3HPM46Vg.twitter…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites

Anita Samarth @anitasamarth 17 feb. .@SPulim Interesting. Wanted to know how Apple Watch will monitor glucose levels. Apparently via a "body sensor… worn around the WASTE" ;) 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

216

Sachin Agarwal @sachinag 17 feb.

Apple Watch fitness woes remind me of the Wii Vitality Sensor - this stuff is really, really hard to get right. Took BodyMedia

a decade.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites aoll @sonuise 17 feb.

Sensor Reliability Issues Sidelined Advanced Health Monitoring On Apple Watch: The Apple Watch is one of the… http://bit.ly/17NY5qY 0 Retweet 0 Favorites IBTimes @IBTimes 17 feb.

As it turns out, the #AppleWatch will have less health-related features than were planned: http://bit.ly/1ySrcyG 1 Retweet 0 Favorites George Krákrá @georgekrakra 17 feb.

Really interesting @WSJ on evolution of Apple's new watch, away from health sensor b/c inconsistent data quality: http://www.wsj.com/articles/challenge-ofapple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Next Mob @thenextmob 17 feb.

New post: Apple Watch Loses Health Features Due to Sensor Issues http://bit.ly/17eFVh1 #mobile, #app, #mobiledev 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TrafficVentas @TrafficVentas 17 feb.

Según el WSJ muchas funciones de salud fueron retiradas del Apple Watch debido a la falta de exactitud del sensor http://ow.ly/2UMW2I 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Daniel Eran Dilger @DanielEran 17 feb. .@WSJ's @daiwaka says "heart activity" sensor won't debut in 1st Apple Watch, ironically citing "people familiar with the matter" #flawgic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

217

Ken Smith @kssmith1962 17 feb.

Look what made/didn't make the fitness sensor cut on Apple watch. Good to see sit/stand is there. http://tinyurl.com/ pb2cx7t @longevitycenter 2 Retweets 0 Favorites khalid rafiq @khalidrafiq122 17 feb.

Apple Watch Health Monitoring Axed Due To Sensor Issues, Regulatory Fears http://dlvr.it/8bwqRc Sci/Tech - Bing News 1 Retweet 0 Favorites James Burke @deburca 17 feb.

Not surprised that Apple can't do the magic wrist HR sensor either "Apple Watch Had Hairy Wrist Issue" http://time.com/3711739/apple-watchhairy-wrists/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Wendy L Schultz @wendyinfutures 17 feb.

Apple Watch’s built-in heartbeat sensor could…prioritize potential interactions based on users’ stress levels http://www.technologyreview.com/news/ 535116/how-people-will-use-the-applewatch/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Theodore @paris_taxi_1 17 feb. #Apple Watch Health Monitoring Axed Due To Sensor Issues, Regulatory Fears #tech #web #watch http://www.ibtimes.com/apple-watchhealth-monitoring-axed-due-sensorissues-regulatory-fears-1818772#.VONpDaBJeaI.twitter…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mobile Marketing @MMMagTweets 17 feb.

Apple Watch Loses Health Features Due to Sensor Issues http://po.st/jaxKsS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Mark Gurman @markgurman 17 feb.

Our story from 2013 detailing Apple's early health ambitions for the Watch http://9to5mac.com/2013/07/18/applestacks-iwatch-team-with-sensor-fitnessexperts/… WSJ report on cuts http://9to5mac.com/2015/02/16/applewatch-health-features-cut/…

4 Retweets 8 Favorites triclive @triclive 17 feb.

Apple Watch Loses Health Features Due to Sensor Issues: Apple has been forced to drop a number of health-relat… http://bit.ly/1AA6Cdt 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tecnofanatico @tecnofanatico 17 feb.

Según el WSJ muchas funciones de salud fueron retiradas del Apple Watch debido a la falta de exactitud del sensor http://www.tecnofanatico.com/segun-elwsj-muchas-funciones-de-salud-fueronretiradas-del-apple-watch-debido-a-lafalta-de-exactitud-del-sensor/…

5 Retweets 5 Favorites Augmate @augmate 17 feb.

AppleWatch unable to deliver extra health features due to sensor #tech deficiencies http://ow.ly/JaYLf #wearables 1 Retweet 0 Favorites trendblog.net @trendblognet 17 feb.

Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch - ZDNet http://ift.tt/19rMbU6 #Apple 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Surita Kalsi @SuritaKalsi 17 feb.

Apple Watch Cut Health Features Due to Sensor Issues: Apple began working on the Apple Watch four years ago an… http://bit.ly/17dVHJb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

218

Valton T. Morgan Jr. @valtron29 17 feb.

All I needed was a big reason not to..found it| health features to be cut from #AppleWatch http://zd.net/1Jn79Uh via @ZDNet & @the_pc_doc 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ZDNet @ZDNet 17 feb.

Sensor issues forced health features, like blood pressure monitor, to be cut from Apple Watch http://zd.net/1Jn79Uh 19 Retweets 5 Favorites News in Summary @news_in_summary 17 feb.

Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from #AppleWatch http://www.zdnet.com/article/sensorissues-forced-health-features-to-be-cutfrom-apple-watch/… #ZippedNews http://www.zippednews.com/apple-watch 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dr. Jakob Bargak @drbargak 17 feb.

Top #Health #Fitness Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch - ZDNet: ZDNetSens… http://bit.ly/17dHzPT Pls RT 0 Retweet 0 Favorites News IQ @newsiq 17 feb.

Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch: Apple was forced to drop a raft… http://zd.net/19rm7Zg #BreakingNews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites James Kendrick @jkendrick 17 feb.

Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch | ZDNet http://zd.net/1Jn79Uh via @ZDNet & @the_pc_doc 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Steve Leonard @steveleonardSG 17 feb.

Sensor under skin comms w/ Apple watch to monitor blood glucose. Choices we make. #FutureofHealth #precisionmedicine http://www.forbes.com/sites/ amitchowdhry/2015/02/11/apple-watchglucose-trackingapp/?utm_campaign=ForbesTech&utm_s ource=TWITTER&utm_medium=social& utm_channel=Technology&linkId=12372 011…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jak Online @JakONLlNE 17 feb.

Apple Pangkas Beberapa Sensor Kesehatan dan Fitness di Apple Watch: Apple dikabarkan telah memangkas beberapa… http://bit.ly/1va8ZRV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites #ButuhLibur @yogatakai 17 feb. #MakeMac #News #Apple Apple dikabarkan telah memangkas beberapa sensor tersebut dari produk final Apple Watch. Apa… http://dlvr.it/8bdzGv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites #WSO @ElvinaBuechler 17 feb. #gamereview Apple Watch reportedly far less advanced than first envisaged: Health sensor issues have scuppered… http://dlvr.it/8bdkWV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MakeMac @makemac 17 feb.

Apple Pangkas Beberapa Sensor Kesehatan dan Fitness di Apple Watch -> http://makemac.com/s/5ga 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Claus Nielsen @clausfn 17 feb.

Apple watch will track glucose via Dexcom invasive sensor. Hope they show right value this time :) http://blog.applysci.com/?p=3452 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Maypalo @Maypalo 17 feb.

219

Apple Removed “Stress” & “Blood Pressure” Sensors From Apple Watch http://wp.me/p16pmZ-6zh 0 Retweet 1 Favorites David Shaywitz @DShaywitz 17 feb.

Really interesting @WSJ on evolution of Apple's new watch, away from health sensor b/c inconsistent data quality: http://www.wsj.com/articles/challenge-ofapple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615…

1 Retweet 4 Favorites Jordan Mendell @JordanMendell 17 feb. @Khanoisseur @SolfromBrooklyn @TalkerNewYorker @elenarparks after u posted that I started checking out apple watch heart rate sensor 0 Retweet 2 Favorites NAU @revolversix 17 feb. 「Apple Watch」の価格は500ドルか ら？！「Edition」シリーズは 4,000〜5,000ドル？！ | gori.me（ゴリミ ー） - http://gori.me/apple-watch/ 65180?utm_source=zenback&utm_medi um=http%3A//www.macotakara.jp/blog/ Watch/entry-26023.html&utm_campaign=zb_relat ed_links…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Mason K. Dettloff @masonkekoa 17 feb.

Time to order @GADooling “@TechCrunch: Initial Apple Watch Orders Pegged At Between 5 And 6 Million http://tcrn.ch/1AzAcjd by @drizzled” 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Klaudia Jurewicz @KlaudiaJurewicz 17 feb.

Are you ready for new…”watch”? Here’s why there are so many different versions of the Apple Watch http://ow.ly/JdIsb

0 Retweet 0 Favorites サテライトオフィス @sateraito_jp 17 feb. "アップル、「Apple Watch」の初期製造 として500〜600万台を発注か" http://japan.cnet.com/news/service/ 35060538/?ref=rss…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Rocjoh @Rocjoh 17 feb.

Apple struggled to find purpose for Apple Watch after many planned health features were cut, 5 million units ordered http://9to5mac.com/2015/02/16/applewatch-health-features-cut/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites simplyanand @simplyanand 17 feb.

Myyy precioussss.. "@TechCrunch: Initial Apple Watch orders pegged at between 5 and 6 million http://tcrn.ch/1E1BfYT " 0 Retweet 0 Favorites serge otokar @sergeotokar 17 feb.

L'Apple Watch en or pourrait être le produit le plus cher d'Apple http://mac4ever.com/98456/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tony Sheffler @tony_sheffler 17 feb.

Apple Watch launch plans and pricing revealed in new @WSJ report http://bgr.com/2015/02/17/apple-watchlaunch-plans-pricing-wsj/…

4 Retweets 1 Favorites Zach Hobbs @zhobbs 17 feb.

"The Apple Watch will create an opportunity to build the first 'watch-first' killer app" http://buff.ly/1DnwtG2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jimmy Trammell @jtrammell 17 feb.

Apple Helping Developers Finalize Apple Watch Apps at Cupertino Headquarters

220

http://www.macrumors.com/2015/02/16/ apple-finalizing-watchkit-apps/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kim Gerhardt @SJCSmallBiz 17 feb.

[MercuryNews Biz] Biz Break: Apple Watch plans, Apple car buzz, and another new stock record http://dlvr.it/8cBDM3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sunny Dhillon @SunDhillon 17 feb.

Apple Watch cuts back on some of its health features http://9to5mac.com/2015/ 02/16/apple-watch-health-features-cut/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Craig Brown, Ph.D. @craigbrownphd 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/1yTXrxn #technology 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bataclau @Bataclau 17 feb.

"Apple Watch seems to already disappoint its own creator | Pocketnow" http://m.pocketnow.com/2015/02/17/ apple-watch-disappoints…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites TechEffecto @TechEffecto 17 feb. #Tech Sensor issues forced health features to be cut from Apple Watch http://myeffecto.com/r/26h1_tp 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Martyn Schmoll @martynschmoll 17 feb. #ERROR! 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dennis Hugh Rennock @rennock 17 feb.

Apple Watch expectations climbing to unprecedented heights http://bgr.com/2015/ 02/17/apple-watch-expectations-2015/… via @BGR

0 Retweet 0 Favorites SocializArq @socializarq 17 feb.

With the Apple Watch coming soon, Jony Ive is already revamping the Apple Store design for its arrival: Apple… http://a.cra.com.uy/1vdMyLI 0 Retweet 0 Favorites I4U News @i4unews 17 feb.

Apple Watch Plastic OLED Displays will be supplied by LG - I4U News http://buff.ly/1yQ5jzU 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Kyle McClain @kylemcclain 17 feb.

Very interesting! An Apple Watch app is coming for people with diabetes | Gigaom http://bit.ly/1yTu0LV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Juanan V ⇄ Netámbulo @Netambulo 17 feb.

Las Sony SmartEyeglass, la no inclusión de sensores en el Apple Watch y los introjis: historias del día http://bit.ly/1EMfvhv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Charles Milander @charlesmilander 17 feb.

Wozniak: el Apple Watch es una obra de arte y te lo vas a terminar comprando http://bit.ly/17Pdvel 32 Retweets 6 Favorites Sanusi abdur-rahman @SlowestPoison 17 feb.

Apple Watch to sell well, but health features are out - VatorNews http://dlvr.it/ 8cB723 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 3novices 3@novices 17 feb.

3Novices:Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1L8s5d7 February 18, 2015 at 05:02AMFor information check here 3no…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites TOP in Markets @TOPinMarkets 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/19u1Nq5 #markets 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Riton Khan @RitonKhan 17 feb.

Apple Watch Orders Top 5M, Healthcare Features Killed http://g-p-l.us/1FZgZ9i #healthcare #healthitbuzz #healthit 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Fremont Buzz @fremontbuzz 17 feb.

Biz Break: Apple Watch plans, Apple car buzz, and another new stock record: Today: Apple stock hits yet another… http://dlvr.it/8cB9ph 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

LifeGuarder @LifeGuarder 17 feb.

Apple Watch leads make-or-break year for smartwatches http://ift.tt/19u1R9x #wearable 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

M.G. Siegler @mgsiegler 17 feb. @dcurtis right but Ive, in early thinking about Apple Watch, must look at that and say, "yeah, this can work.

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

LifeGuarder @LifeGuarder 17 feb.

Apple Watch expectations climbing to unprecedented heights http://ift.tt/17nA7S0 #wearable 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Pure BS Podcast @PureBSpodcast 17 feb.

Initial Apple Watch Orders Pegged At Between 5 And 6 Million http://flip.it/ bVf7a 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

221

Don Anderson @whateyeread 17 feb.

Health features for #Apple Watch dramatically scaled back after repeated failures, report says #wearables http://ow.ly/ JbHpq 2 Retweets 3 Favorites Tech News @NoTwitTech 17 feb. #TechNews Muchas funciones del Apple Watch fueron eliminadas porque en muchos casos no funcionaban bien: Según… http://bit.ly/19tZnYK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites GetPretio @Get_Pretio 17 feb.

Just release it already!! Why the Apple Watch will come in so many different models #cooltech http://ow.ly/Jd1sW 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MacTrast @MacTrast 17 feb.

Technology hadn't quite caught up with the features Apple hoped to include in the first Apple Watch http://ow.ly/JbO9G 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Maagg @MaaggTech 17 feb.

Pebble smartwatch formally adds Android Don assist for all http://maagg.com/ blog/pebble-smartwatch-formally-addsandroid-don-assist-for-all… #androiddon #applewatch #chrisjones 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Craig Brown, Ph.D. @craigbrownphd 17 feb.

Top news: Challenge of Apple Watch: Defining Its Purpose - WSJ http://www.wsj.com/articles/challenge-ofapple-watch-defining-itspurpose-1424133615…, see more http://tweetedtimes.com/craigbrownphd?s=tnp…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Essam Altuhafi @Altuhafi 17 feb.

222

"The New Yorker profiles Jony Ive: details meeting Jobs, iPhone 6, Apple Watch, cars and more" http://buff.ly/ 1CDpTG2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites anthony brown @anthonybrown 17 feb. San Francisco, CA" Fossil getting crushed after hours on poor earnings. I think Apple Watch anticipation a factor. Hasn't launched yet, and already disrupting.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites GloriaL @GloriaL 17 feb. entered #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch. Take a sec to enter… https://deals.thenextweb.com/ giveaways/the-apple-watchgiveaway?gid=507467… via @tnwdeals 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jarrod Magan @jarrodsmagan 17 feb.

Apple Watch isn’t a wearable doctor, so what will it be? http://flip.it/rx288 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 3novices 3@novices 17 feb.

3Novices:Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch http://ift.tt/1L8s5d7 February 18, 2015 at 12:02AMFor information check here 3no…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites SEMANAeconómica @SEMANAeconomica 17 feb. #Apple pidió a sus proveedores asiáticos fabricar entre 5 a 6 millones de #AppleWatch. -> http://goo.gl/zHNGpK 3 Retweets 1 Favorites GloriaL @GloriaL 17 feb.

I just entered the #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch.

Take a sec to enter… https://deals.thenextweb.com/giveaways/ the-apple-watch-

giveaway?gid=507467… via @tnwdeals 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daniel Ehevich @Ehevich 17 feb.

Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/17fwY7a #tech 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Victor Fuentes @vpfuentes 17 feb.

Pretty impressed with this 3-platform #javascript #wearables App #framework.

- Strap https://www.straphq.com/ #AppleWatch #pebble 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Roberto Mendoza @mendozadelavega 17 feb.

EmprendedoresPE: Preparando la llegada del Apple Watch, ejecutivos de la compañía se reúnen con autoridades… http://ift.tt/1zMnLtx #t…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Roberto Mendoza @mendozadelavega 17 feb.

EmprendedoresPE: Steve Wozniak adelanta que "se venderán millones de Apple Watch" http://ift.tt/1zMnLtr #tecnologia #apple 0 Retweet 0 Favorites jasmine thomas @jasminethomas38 17 feb. check this out Apple Product Launch: iPhone 6 And Apple Watch: http://onforb.es/17fxphN #online #twitter #ad 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Apple Reporter ● @AppleReporter 17 feb.

Apple Up 6 Consecutive Days 10 Of Last 11 All-Time High Overbought $AAPL $QQQ $XLK #iPhone6 #ApplePay #AppleWatch 15 Retweets 23 Favorites

223

Profesionales Panama @ProfPanama 17 feb.

Apple Watch: más de 5 millones de unidades para su lanzamiento, según WSJ http://bit.ly/1AjdSHi 1 Retweet 0 Favorites But I AM NICKI MINAJ @WzzMinaj 17 feb.

Apple Watch Health Sensors Scrapped, As Hairy Wrists, Dry Skin Created Issues: Apple has also experienced issu… http://ln.is/www.designntrend.com/0kgYC… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 7Journals 7@Journals 17 feb.

Apple Nixes Big Health Features in Watch http://cur.lv/j3v0d #Tech #Journals 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dan Stiel @stiel 17 feb.

Apple Watch won't track blood pressure, stress or heart activity, report says http://dlvr.it/8c9nNX #applepay 0 Retweet 0 Favorites cloudmaven @cloudmaven 17 feb.

I liked a @YouTube video http://youtu.be/ n3fhVPvDB8o?a Apple Car project, Asus Watch, LG Watch Urbane & more Pocketnow Daily 0 Retweet 0 Favorites #ERROR! Preparando la llegada del Apple Watch, ejecutivos de la compañía se reúnen con autoridades Mexicanas http://ift.tt/ 1vdG9jq applesfera…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Georgia Wells @georgia_wells 17 feb.

Apple ordered more than 5 million watches for its initial run. Apple Watch Sport will start at $349 http://on.wsj.com/ 1v8gJ6Q

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Krystal @awesome_krystal 17 feb.

I just entered the #OMGAppleWatch Giveaway to win a free Apple Watch.

Take a sec to enter… https://stacksocial.com/giveaways/theapple-watch-giveaway?gid=1688561… via @StackSocial 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

224

2015-03-05

KFC RESTAURANTS IN COLORADO WILL START SELLING MARIJUANA The Racket Report is the source of this claim. It's a website that regularly publishes false stories, which was the case with this one. KFC restaurants are not going to be selling marijuana in Colorado.

7 ← Summary

225

Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-license-to-sell-marijuana-in-colorado-re staurants/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-gets-occupational-businesslicense-to-sell-marijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants Posted by Randy in News The Racket Report – KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants.

In the state of Colorado, marijuana dispensaries are big business – earning some retailers nearly $1 million per year.

Those numbers were so appealing to the KFC Corporation, they decided to incorporate a marijuana dispensary with their Colorado franchise restaurants.

Franchisees have the opportunity to expand into the business for an additional $35,000 setup fee.

The KFC Corporation was approved on February 3, 2015 for their Marijuana Retail Recreational Pot / Medical Marijuana Occupational Business License.

Currently, 42 of the nearly 100 KFC franchises in the state of Colorado have added this “option” to their menu.

“In order to be successful, a deep understanding of the market is critical to success,” says KFC spokesperson William Rausch. “It’s all about evolution and we are ready to serve the needs of the people of Colorado.”

Marijuana may be purchased only by adults 21 years or older, and a picture ID is required. Coloradans may buy 1 ounce at a time, while out-of-state residents are limited to a quarter ounce. Due to banking restrictions, all sales are required to be cash transactions. Prices begin around $200 and up per ounce along with a 25% marijuana tax.

In addition to selling the “leafy green” they also have some yummy edibles available. They are offering Smashed Potatoes, 226

Macaroni Munchies and Bong Time Biscuits – all made with their savory marijuana butter (sold in small amounts).

KFC is hoping to get all 100 franchisees on board with the new product by March 2016. #KushForCure The rumor has been shared 227571 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Still Safe® @stillsafe 6 mar. #KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell #Marijuana In #Colorado #Restaurants http://ow.ly/K0vmM 4 Retweets 2 Favorites

If you really believed @kfc in Colorado was selling #pot, here’s a reality check: http://dpo.st/1zYR39H by @bruvs 1 Retweet 5 Favorites

LBCI News English @LBCI_News_EN 5 mar. #KFC Obtains License To Sell Marijuana |http://w.lbci.com/1EPqb1q | #Odd 2 Retweets 1 Favorites

WeedPrayLove @weedpraylove 5 mar.

RT Wiki_Leaf: No joke. #KFC to add #marijuana to their menu in #Colorado. -> http://www.inquisitr.com/1892909/kfcmarijuana-sales-begin-colorado/…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites

WeedPrayLove @weedpraylove 5 mar.

RT Time4Hemp: KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants #food #weed #pot #m… http://fb.me/7xXNRepoS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

B27321 @B27321 5 mar. #KFC Gets #License To Sell #Marijuana In #Colorado Restaurants. #B27321 http://shar.es/1WNlPk via @banooshpage #bookplugs #IARTG #PDF1 2 Retweets 0 Favorites

The Rec Life @That_Rec_Life 5 mar.

KFC Acquires Business License To Sell Marijuana in Colorado Locations https://www.marijuanapackaging.com/ blog/kfc-acquires-business-license-tosell-marijuana-in-colorado-locations/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Prescottstyle @Prescottstyle 5 mar.

LoL..New meaning to Kentucky Fried!

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-licenseto-sell-marijuana-in-coloradorestaurants…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Marijuana Packaging @MJsupplies 5 mar.

KFC Locations in Colorado Are Now Serving #Marijuana http://bit.ly/1M9LH14 ##marijuananews #Colorado #highsociety 0 Retweet 2 Favorites The Cannabist @cannabist 5 mar.

227

WolfofWeedStreet @WolfOfWeedST 5 mar. #KushForCure #KFC $yum http://marijuanastocks.com/yum-servingup-marijuana-fried-chicken/… I haven't seen a genius idea like his since The Hover board in Back To The Future

0 Retweet 3 Favorites New Green Revolution @alexgreenshow 5 mar.

Boycott KFC! It is full of GMO "Frankenstein" chickens and toxic ingredients, plus they are developing headless… http://fb.me/2Lsx1MZR0 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Airpusher @fLAMEbWOi 5 mar. А че далеко ходить то?) http://fb.me/ 6uL28lT3E 0 Retweet 2 Favorites LBCI News English @LBCI_News_EN 5 mar. #KFC Obtains License To Sell Marijuana |http://w.lbci.com/1EPqb1q | #LBCIMagazine #Odd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites WolfofWeedStreet @WolfOfWeedST 5 mar. http://marijuanastocks.com/yum-servingup-marijuana-fried-chicken/… @PotBaronsmsnbc @kfc looks like the colonel is a baron of chicken $ weed 1 Retweet 4 Favorites Aaron @vapeilluminate 5 mar. #Kfc License To Sling Marijuana Medicated Edibles.It’s no secret that Colorado is “blazing” Read more at the link http://ow.ly/JWVXS #RT 0 Retweet 0 Favorites uber420 @uber420 5 mar.

KFC selling cannabis? Unbelieveable!

No, it really is. That story is bogus.… but we can dream, right? http://ow.ly/JWPFb 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Cannabis Contax @CannabisContax 5 mar.

About those #KFC #marijuana rumors: you can get fried… but it'll be fried chick-

228

en. http://www.snopes.com/media/notnews/kfcmarijuana.asp…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites John Foutz @johnfoutz 5 mar.

And chicken sales skyrocket… KFC Locations In Colorado To Begin Selling Marijuana http://shar.es/1WPX71 via @Theantimedia1 3 Retweets 1 Favorites DROPOUT… @DRLPOUT 5 mar.

This sounds cool but I think big corporation being involved in the marijuana industry will have some adverse effects http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

2 Retweets 8 Favorites DarrenMarlar.com @darrenmarlar 5 mar.

I uploaded a new track, "JET ALMOST CRASHES INTO BEACH-GOERS!", on @spreaker #funnynews #kfc #marijuana #spring http://www.spreaker.com/user/ marlar/jet-almost-crashes-into-beachgoers?autoplay=1…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Mass Deception @MassDeception1 4 mar.

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-licenseto-sell-marijuana-in-coloradorestaurants/…

42 Retweets 20 Favorites Ricardo Baca @bruvs 4 mar.

If you really believed that @KFCs in Colorado were selling #pot, here’s a reality check. http://dpo.st/1B7HPL9 3 Retweets 4 Favorites Weeds Glass News @weedsglass 4

mar.

RT Wiki_Leaf: No joke. #KFC to add #marijuana to their menu in #Colorado. -> http://www.inquisitr.com/1892909/kfcmarijuana-sales-begin-colorado/… www.weedsgl…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites James R @Ruff571 4 mar.

Hey @SouthPark !! You predicted it! #MedicinalFriedChicken KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana…http://theracketreport.com/kfcgets-occupational-business-license-tosell-marijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sun Times News @News_STN 4 mar.

Sorry folks, @KFC won't be putting #weed on their #Colorado menus — http://bit.ly/1Eljcgb 2 Retweets 0 Favorites wikileaf @Wiki_Leaf 4 mar.

No joke. #KFC to add #marijuana to their menu in #Colorado. --> http://www.inquisitr.com/1892909/kfcmarijuana-sales-begin-colorado/…

13 Retweets 12 Favorites Russell Alvaranga @therealchefalva 4 mar.

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants… KFC stock going through the roof! http://theracketreport.com/kfcgets-occupational-business-license-tosell-marijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Geno Rossi @S1Genocide 4 mar.

Former KFC turned into medical marijuana dispensary http://fb.me/3LTWDpWaf 0 Retweet 1 Favorites John Sullivan @OzSeekerView 4 mar.

This can't be right? – KFC Gets Occupa-

229

tional Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants #in http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ludlow @LudlowSeeds 4 mar. @BrianSozzi $YUM gets Yummier…

And once they get the munchiesMashed potatoes and gravy will be sold out http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Julian @juliancampos 4 mar.

4:20 hora de fumar um frango http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites medcanpoet's Lady ♡ @Anne_R_u_Ok 4 mar.

WOW KFC Locations In Colorado To Begin Selling #Marijuana http://sellingmarijuana.beforeitsnews.com/bloggingcitizen-journalism/2015/03/kfc-locationsin-colorado-to-begin-sellingmarijuana-2492166.html…

2 Retweets 2 Favorites Nicole @DJNicoleW 4 mar.

"Two birds!" KFC Locations In Colorado To Begin Selling Marijuana http://shar.es/ 1WVbnc via @Theantimedia1 0 Retweet 1 Favorites THE Braygen Saint™ @ThaMaineSaine10 4 mar.

A KFC in Colorado is now licensed to sell medical marijuana and sell edibles in their food.

2 Retweets 7 Favorites Pice Boys @PiceBoys2 4 mar.

STOP #FED #MAZI KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaura… http://gca.sh/ 09LuFtm #greekrevolution 0 Retweet 0 Favorites K99 Radio @K99radio 4 mar.

Colorado KFCs Get License to Sell Marijuana in Local Restaurants: Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), is looking to… http://bit.ly/1DVwCyl 2 Retweets 1 Favorites B4DA$$ @Yeezy2Bluntz 4 mar. “@PrettyMixedBby: In Colorado when you are 21, you are able to purchase Marijuana from KFC” potatoe wedges & weed ? It's lit 1 Retweet 0 Favorites The Emerald Cup @TheEmeraldCup 4 mar.

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-licenseto-sell-marijuana-in-coloradorestaurants/… #weed 36 Retweets 14 Favorites Neil Raden @NeilRaden 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/… 42 #KFC franchises in CO already have licenses to sell #marijuana. I guess customers will be leaving EXTRA CRISPY. 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Matty-O @ollymatty 4 mar. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil" Estão vendendo maconha nos KFCs do Colorado! Os caras que escrevem South Park são uns visionários!!! http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

230

3 Retweets 1 Favorites Adaya77 @Adaya77 4 mar. (o_O) Talk about a special recipe! KFC Locations In Colorado To Begin Selling Marijuana http://shar.es/1WSTC4 via @Theantimedia1 0 Retweet 0 Favorites teta @gustaovm 4 mar.

O KFC NO COLORADO VENDENDO MACONHA ELES VAO QUINTUPLICAR A VENDA DE LARA'SS http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Vicka Suarez @vickasuarez 4 mar. space chicken http://fb.me/3B2b9egLS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites julio padilla @Japstar 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites RomuloMotta. @TheRomuloMotta 4 mar.

Frango e Maconha \õ/ #LiberdadeCert http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Marcos Contente @mvcontente 4 mar.

Se o KFC colocar umas camas eu mudo pra um, eterno loop fumacomefumacomecagafumacomefumacomedormefuma http://bit.ly/17QVko2 #kushforcure 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jean Jeison Führ @JeansRock 4 mar.

Será que se o Mac Donald's também investisse na droga a opinião pública mudaria de idéia? http://fb.me/3qQ5G7rax

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Franz von dem Fluss @_LuckyBastard 4 mar.

KFC obtém licença para vender maconha em seus restaurantes no Colorado http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

Que combo!

8 Retweets 4 Favorites

Matheus Esperon @mtesperon 4 mar.

Isso é genial | KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

2 Retweets 3 Favorites

mosby @Raymaravilhosa 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/… colorado best state of da worlddddddddddd -____0 Retweet 1 Favorites RUDEawakeningmoments @rude_morales 4 mar.

Due to that KFC doesn't sell real chicken anymore. They have found a way to promote business. Way to go, Colonel… http://fb.me/41Nwz0Lud 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TooHotGlass.com @toohotglass 4 mar.

The mashed potatoes never tasted sooo good. http://www.toohotglass.com http://fb.me/3nq6Hmwhy 0 Retweet 1 Favorites ☯ @SamThompson94 4 mar. so in colorado, kfc can now sell marijuana 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Dave Bois @davebois 4 mar.

Go home Col Sanders, you are high #onestopshopping KFC Gets License To Sell Marijuana In CO Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

231

Dackz @dackz 4 mar.

South Park was right all along: http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

"Honey, you think #KFC is still open?"

0 Retweet 0 Favorites USCBryan @USCBryan 4 mar.

TALK ABOUT BEING PACKED EVERYDAY FROM NOW ON. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-……/ http://fb.me/ 4f9yN5h9S 13 Retweets 6 Favorites Evan Johnson @EJNorskUffDa 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants… It's amazing how accurate #SouthPark is ha ha @fluffydinosaur @calbuzz81 0 Retweet 1 Favorites luiza @luizatoschi 4 mar. acabei de ter um flash do futuro. a indústria e a publicidade se apropriarão da maconha e, em vez de seu poder de… http://fb.me/7jv7VLSvY 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Trevor Campbell @TrevorSebastion 4 mar.

Peanut butter and Jelly KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell weed In Colorado Restaurants http://bit.ly/1GS-

B1Tw #aheadofthecurve 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Diogo Batalha @diogobatalha 4 mar.

Lisbonne, Portugal" KFC no EUA tem licença pra vender maconha. Isso q é marketing com foco na larica. (sim, é falso. Mas fica aí a dica) http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hot Stuff @HigherGrinds 4 mar. @KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants… Genius! #cannabis McPot next?!

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

b.Ran @Koonz_iTsCRaY 4 mar.

I'm saltier than a bitch smh “@NoWomanIsRight: @sportsthenwomen look http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…”

2 Retweets 0 Favorites Leroy X @NoWomanIsRight 4 mar. @sportsthenwomen look http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites Monika Sudakov @chefmonikacsi 4 mar.

Huh??!! "I'd like to order a bucket of original and a doobie?" #stonergluttony http://fb.me/74gyx7Ntq 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

erictheeLLAMA @erictheeRED 4 mar. "@NoWomanIsRight: look http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…" damn kfc real for this 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Steve @steveODeee 4 mar. @NoWomanIsRight might have to start hitting KFC.. http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-licenseto-sell-marijuana-in-coloradorestaurants/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Bentley McBentleson @McBentleson 4 mar.

I love when people post the the latest #KFC news, but this is the internet and you have to #CheckYourFacts http://www.inquisitr.com/1892909/kfcmarijuana-sales-begin-colorado/… #satire 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Mark Lott @AgeofMockery 4 mar.

Marijuana and fried chicken… KERCHING!!! KFC Gets business license to sell marijuana in Colorado restaurants. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Hatiras @hatiras 4 mar.

KFC to sell "bong-time biscuits" with their "chicken" in Colorado? Sadly this seems like a false article but… http://fb.me/ 40Hd9WzlR 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

232

Renee Kelly PR Girl @ReneeKellyGirl 4 mar. #KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-licenseto-sell-marijuana-in-coloradorestaurants… Chi Ching

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tim Parent @timparent 4 mar. #KFC Gets License To Sell #Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants. Two birds, one stone http://marijuanastocks.com/yumserving-up-marijuana-fried-chicken/……

3 Retweets 3 Favorites Lyndsey Vanstone @VanstoneL 4 mar.

SAY WHAT @999ManboyMark??? KFC Gets License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants. http://marijuanastocks.com/yum-servingup-marijuana-fried-chicken/…

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Mark Davis @ManboyMark 4 mar.

KFC now has a license to sell weed in Colorado….what http://marijuanastocks.com/yum-servingup-marijuana-fried-chicken/…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites MJ, a NJB @Nice_Jewish_Boy 4 mar.

KFC Gets Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado (so THATS what's in their secret herbs & spices mix!) http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jim Voorhies @jimvoorhies 4 mar.

Burnt Store Marina, FL" KFC franchises in Colorado have the option to add a marijuana dispensary at their locations. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/… | Got Munchies?

0 Retweet 1 Favorites HyltonHylton @HyltonHylton123 4 mar.

Monopolizing every aspect of business,

233

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In CO Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Single Seed Centre @single_seeds 4 mar.

Colorado KFC approved for license to sell marijuana http://www.worldwidemarijuana-seeds.com/blogs/marijuananews/17595800-colorado-kfc-restaurantgets-occupational-business-license-tosell-marijuana…

3 Retweets 5 Favorites ㄹㅂㅌㅁ @blamelobotomy 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/… 미 국 KFC가 콜로라도 주 내의 대마초 소매 라이센스를 획득 33 Retweets 7 Favorites Janette Milera @OriginalAussie 4 mar.

Medical Marijuana + KFC = Sitting in there all day with the Munchies…lol http://fb.me/7oFFqHO6F 0 Retweet 1 Favorites BIR @bintangrafdi 4 mar.

KFC in Colorado will start selling marijuana http://marijuanastocks.com/yumserving-up-marijuana-fried-chicken/… Ya mari kita pindah 0 Retweet 0 Favorites andy thibault @cooljustice 4 mar.

Colonel RastaMun Grease Enhancement http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jack700WLW @CincyJack 4 mar.

Marijuana on the menu at KFC? Not like-

ly. A story that began circulating on Tuesday afternoon created a bit of a… http://fb.me/1HqcepTkA 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gizo Evoracci @GizoEvoracci 4 mar.

Euh Je veux un Box Master, et 20 Meuj' #KFC x #Chichon http://fb.me/6l3Pejt1J 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Craig Edmondson @theeonlycraig 4 mar.

David Timm those Varsity days and the influence of (Boomie) Sheldon Bryant catching up mate??? http://fb.me/ 4ho5Z6Ems 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Fake Halos Fan @haloshead 4 mar.

RT: In-N-Out is next" @RedElva1: KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccup…"

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Neil CC @RedElva1 4 mar.

KFC Gets Occupational Business License To Sell Marijuana In Colorado Restaurants http://theracketreport.com/ kfc-gets-occupational-business-licenseto-sell-marijuana-in-coloradorestaurants…

4 Retweets 2 Favorites Kak hàn 珏南 @trirahargo_ 4 mar.

Laweyan, Central Java" Giting, laper, ayam laku keras.. RT @pandji: KFC Colorado dapet ijin utk jualan ganja :)))) http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites jessa white @_jessa_boo 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-gets-

234

occupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Eion Hand @EionH 4 mar.

KFC in Colorado is gunna start selling marijuana. God bless America.

1 Retweet 8 Favorites Weeds Glass News @weedsglass 4 mar.

RT JessicaGottlieb: Now I'm looking to buy a KFC franchise in Colorado #marijuana http://bit.ly/1BFnluY http://www.weedsglass.com 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bad Tweet Below ? @hankhugs 4 mar.

YO DAWG I HEARD YOU LIKE DANK NUGS WELL NOW YOU CAN GET DANK NUGS WHILE YOU GEY DANK NUGS http://theracketreport.com/kfcgets-occupational-business-license-tosell-marijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Steve Sparks @radiodjsteve 4 mar.

Marijuana on the menu at KFC? Not likely. A story that began circulating on Tuesday afternoon created a bit of a… http://fb.me/77BLqny6P 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pulpo Potter @pulpineitor 4 mar. http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

KFC now sells weed great business for everyone. #legalizemarijuana #LEGALIZECANNABIS 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Banny. Saputra. @barsnap 4 mar. "siang kak, ayamnya mau dada crispy atau crispy high?" :)) RT @pandji: KFC Colorado dapet ijin utk jualan ganja :)))) http://theracketreport.com/kfc-gets-

occupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pot Report @Potreportcom 4 mar.

KFC SELLS MARIJUANA IN COLORADO http://www.potreport.com/kfcsells-marijuana-in-colorado/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites DJ SCRUFFY @DJ_SCRUFFY 4 mar.

Hernan Campos Pedro Hempyote Pablow AD Photos Jesus Albelo Karen Gonzalez What do you guys think of this article? http://fb.me/4gE2wqh1G 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bee Coz @beecoz3001 4 mar. #munchies?? > more #taxes as #KFC Gets #Occupational #Business #License To #Sell #Marijuana In #Colorado… http://fb.me/7gvm6Ld3B 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Angga @pinguinprop 4 mar. Gambir, DKI Jakarta" Ahae!! Menarik!! "@ryangozali: KFC got very creative! Medicinal Fried Chicken LOL http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…"

0 Retweet 0 Favorites K U D O @BobbyShinichi 4 mar.

Di Indonesia kapan ya bang diijinin ? RT @pandji: KFC Colorado dapet ijin utk jualan ganja :)))) http://theracketreport.com/kfc-getsoccupational-business-license-to-sellmarijuana-in-colorado-restaurants/…"

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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2015-03-05

APPLE WILL REVEAL A REFRESHED APPLE TV AT THE MARCH 9TH SPRING FORWARD EVENT Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica wrote, "The Apple TV was last updated in March of 2013, and there's plenty of new hardware that could speed it up. Apple doesn't seem to have the 4K fever that most other consumer electronics companies are suffering from right now, but it would be a logical next step (the current maximum resolution is 1080p)."

7 ← Summary

236

Theorical Analysis → 250

The rumor first appeared on: http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/03/ what-to-expect-when-we-spring-forward-with-apple-on-march-9/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/03/what-to-expect-when-wespring-forward-with-apple-on-march-9/

What to expect when we “spring forward” with Apple on March 9

by Andrew Cunningham - Mar 5, 2015 4:40pm CET There's an Apple event on Monday, so it's time to run down our list of rumors and hunches so you know what to expect from the company. Apple's tagline for the event is "spring forward," a lessthan-subtle reference to the Apple Watch and a reminder that holding a product event the day after Daylight Saving Time begins is cruel. Since this event is likely to be the springboard for an allnew product line, it's probably going to crowd out most other announcements, which makes this list shorter than it normally is.

That said, the timing is right for a handful of other announcements—here's what we think will share the stage on Monday.

Apple Watch Enlarge / Don't be sad, Apple Watch! It's almost your "time" to shine. Megan Geuss Further ReadingNot quite hands-on with the Apple Watch, and the questions it doesn’t answerThe most important stuff about Apple's newest product remains a mystery. This is a gimme. The Apple Watch has already been announced, so we know what it looks like and some basic things about how it works. We know it's scheduled to launch in April, and we have some basic information about what it does. We know it requires an iPhone 5 or better and that it will support Apple Pay even when tethered to older phones. We know the price starts at $349, probably for the aluminum Apple Watch Sport model with a basic band.

What we're likely to get on Monday is an actual launch date, more specific pricing information for all three versions of the product and their bands, and some kind of showcase of third-party apps.

At iPhone and iPad launches, Apple usually has at least one or two devs come on stage to walk the audience through a demo that shows what the new hardware is capable of. iOS still enjoys the

237

widest and deepest third-party support of any mobile platform, so we'd expect third-party support to be a major selling point for the Apple Watch as well. We don’t know whether the Apple Watch will succeed or not—nobody knows, no matter how many op-eds have already called it one way or the other. In either case, its launch signifies the start of something new for Apple.

Macs Enlarge / The 2013 MacBook Air is a year-and-a-half old, mid-cycle processor bump notwithstanding. That's an eternity in computer years. Andrew Cunningham Further ReadingSame wrapper, allnew candy center: The 2013 MacBook Air reviewedApple's new ultraportable keeps the best stuff—like uber-battery life—under the covers.

Macs aren't the targets of leaks to the extent that iDevices are, so this one is not as sure a bet as the Apple Watch. That said, most of Apple's Mac lineup hasn't been refreshed in well over a year (blame Intel). Among those products, there are three for which new Intel processors now exist: the MacBook Air (Broadwell U or perhaps Core M), the 13-inch Retina MacBook Pro (Broadwell U again), and the Mac Pro (Haswell-EP and refreshed workstation GPUs from AMD). Higher-wattage quad-core parts suitable for the 15-inch Retina MacBook Pro and most iMacs aren't due until midyear.

Of those three, the MacBook Air is the only thing we've really heard many rumors about. Earlier this week, we saw convincing screenshots that suggested the current 11- and 13-inch MacBook Airs would be refreshed with Broadwell chips, but not with new designs. Another rumor proposes something totally different—a 12-inch version of the computer that streamlines the chassis and does away with nearly all ports. One USB Type-C port would handle all wired connectivity, and using Intel's Core M rather than the more powerful Core i5 and i7 CPUs would allow it to run without a fan. It may or may not use a Retina-class display; reports are less clear on that one.

Even if the latter product exists, we're not sure where it would slot into Apple's lineup. Is it a new product line entirely? Is it intended to be the future of the MacBook Air, leaving power users with the 13-inch MacBook Pro if they want more ports and more performance? We can't say for sure, but remember that Apple didn't replace non-Retina models immediately when it introduced the Retina MacBook Pros and the Retina iMac. There may be a transitional period.

However the lineup shakes out, we think MacBook Air news is most likely, followed by everything else we just mentioned, 238

followed by some kind of surprise like a 4K 21.5-inch iMac. iOS Enlarge / The Apple Watch needs an iOS update to work, so we'll probably get one. Andrew Cunningham Further ReadingNewest iOS 8.2 beta spills the beans on more Apple Watch features"Companion app" can customize the home screen, secure the watch, and more. The Apple Watch requires iOS 8.2, so iOS 8.2 is likely to drop on the day of the event or just after. It's been through five developer betas and a new beta hasn't been issued in a few weeks, which is usually a sign that release is imminent. If you don't care about the Apple Watch, this update probably won't amount to much more than a handful of bug fixes, but that's fine too.

Apple is also expected to announce a public beta program for iOS at some point in March, beginning with iOS 8.3 and eventually extending to iOS 9.0 (don't expect word about the next major iOS version before WWDC this summer, though). Launching something like this really doesn't require stage time at a major product event, but we wouldn't be surprised to hear about it. We're not expecting anything in the way of major iOS hardware announcements. Rumors about a new 12-inch "iPad Pro" spring eternal, but the newest item from a reputable source says not to expect it before this fall (if we ever actually see it). The current iPads and iPhones are still in the middle of their typical release cycle. Most iOS news is going to be about the way iOS interacts with the Apple Watch.

And the rest The Apple TV was last updated in March of 2013, and there's plenty of new hardware that could speed it up. Apple doesn't seem to have the 4K fever that most other consumer electronics companies are suffering from right now, but it would be a logical next step (the current maximum resolution is 1080p).

Most of the Apple TV rumors from the last year or so have revolved around something entirely new, though窶馬ot a faster version of the little $99 black box, but some kind of collaboration with content providers that would integrate Apple TV functionality into cable boxes (or maybe the other way around). iPods haven't been touched since 2012, either, but the iPod Touch is the only one that could use new hardware to get better at the stuff it does. Its A5 chip dates back to early 2011, after all. Don't hold your breath, but if Apple intends to drop support for Apple A5 devices in iOS 9, now is the time to start replacing them.

And that's the rundown! The Apple Watch is the only sure thing, 239

but Apple usually uses events like these to refresh a few things at once. Whatever happens, we'll be on the ground in San Francisco to liveblog the speech, and we'll go hands-on with anything we can get our mitts on afterward.

The rumor has been shared 22660 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Jon Swartz @jswartz 4 mar.

Report: HBO Now coming to Apple TV next month http://americasmarkets.usatoday.com/ 2015/03/04/report-hbo-now-coming-toapple-tv-other-devices-next-month/… via @MikeSnider 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Bugs BunnyGirl V :-) @AnimalRightsJen 4 mar. #News Apple tie-up with HBO could bring Game of Thrones to the cordcutters: Apple TV streaming serv… http://bit.ly/1DWcMD4 #Business 0 Retweet 0 Favorites #AppleBeats @AppleBeatsArmy 4 mar. #AppleBeatsMusicians Put your Apple TV into sleep or standby mode: You don't need to turn off your… http://apple.co/ 1GUB80E #AppleBeats 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Appy Geek @Appy_Geek 4 mar.

HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV http://dlvr.it/8qqg8C #Tech #News 1 Retweet 3 Favorites Redmond Pie @RedmondPie 4 mar.

Apple And HBO To Launch Apple TV Streaming Channel In April http://dlvr.it/ 8qqfzd 8 Retweets 1 Favorites

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Dimitri Antonissen ✍ @gemarkeerd 4 mar.

Report: HBO and Apple are in talks to make Apple TV a launch platform for the upcoming standalone streaming service http://buff.ly/1w4eKRI 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Neo @TechieTurf 4 mar.

HBO Stand-Alone Streaming Service Could Launch in April for $15 a Month on Apple TV, Other Devices: HBO’s subs… http://yhoo.it/1Cy9Tue 0 Retweet 0 Favorites apple_amazon @apple_amazon 4 mar.

Apple ハイビジョン対応 Apple TV MD199J/A http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/ product/ B007JQGUW0?ie=UTF8&camp=1207&c reative=8411&creativeASIN=B007JQGU W0&linkCode=shr&tag=df0c-22&qid=137 0441105&sr=8-1&keywords=APPLE… #apple #appleTV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO in talks with Apple TV for over-thetop subscription service http://bit.ly/1NhVcyD #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites mobileGuns @mobileGuns 4 mar.

HBO In Talks to Launch New Streaming Service to Apple TV and More: HBO is

preparing to put another… http://bit.ly/ 1Cy8ROJ #mobileguns 0 Retweet 0 Favorites America ReFramed @americareframed 4 mar.

RT @ShellShockedDoc: ShellShocked is #ondemand thru PBS @worldchannelPTV (Roku,AppleTV,Etc.): Go here http://bit.ly/ARF_ShellShocked… #ViewersLikeYou 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Justin Foster @justinetfoster 4 mar.

HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launchi… #FrontPage http://goo.gl/xmZZPS 8 Retweets 5 Favorites Latest News @Latest_Newss_ 4 mar. #LatestNews HBO in talks with Apple TV for over-the-top subscription service: Danielle HaynesNEW YORK, March 4… http://cachor.ro/1f1g 0 Retweet 0 Favorites  Apple en Español  @SomosApple 4 mar.

HBO Now podría llegar al Apple TV muy pronto http://dlvr.it/8qpwQq #Apple 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Sheldyn Nam-Storm @snamstorm 4 mar.

Watch out #AppleTV, #HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month http://bit.ly/1DWudDx #tech 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Peter Flores @peteretflores 4 mar.

HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launchi… #FrontPage http://goo.gl/AQOKDM 34 Retweets 22 Favorites Elliot Fogg @ElliotFogg 4 mar.

Sources: HBO's new streaming service

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to be called "HBO Now", will cost $15/ month, include Apple TV as launch partn… http://buff.ly/1zYKynb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Eric @ELBeavers 4 mar.

Crashing on your Apple TV next month HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month… on Apple TV next month | 9to5Mac http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/04/hboreportedly-in-talks-to-debut-15monthstandalone-streaming-service-on-appletv-next-month/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites MacHash @MacHashNews 4 mar.

HBO Wants Apple TV as Launch Partner for the Upcoming "HBO Now" Streaming Service http://dlvr.it/8qpnr7 #PatentlyApple $AAPL 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Dararat Shaw Krkic 2@fai 4 mar. กำาลังสนุกกับการเล่นหนังในแอนดรอยแล้วเอา ข้ึน Apple TV คือโง่มานาน 555 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hussain Ali Airf @Bounty_Soul 4 mar.

HBO Stand-Alone Streaming Service Could Launch in April for $15 a Month on Apple TV, Othe… http://yhoo.it/1GUr3kk #tech #world #Follow 0 Retweet 0 Favorites UK Radio @uk_radio 4 mar.

Apple tie-up with HBO could bring Game of Thrones to the cord-cutters: Apple TV streaming service is set to be… http://bit.ly/1KlQYag 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Silicon Beat @siliconbeat 4 mar.

Report: HBO’s streaming service coming soon for $15: http://www.siliconbeat.com/ 2015/03/04/report-hbos-streamingservice-coming-soon-for-15/#.VPePbVfAGbY.twitter… #Apple #TV #tech

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Droid Forums @DroidForums 4 mar.

HBO Streaming Details Leaked; Possibly Will Come with Apple TV http://buff.ly/1FbeUGP 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Anre G. @anregarret 4 mar.

Relief from cable$? Maybe. HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/mos standalone streaming service on Apple TV http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/04/hboreportedly-in-talks-to-debut-15monthstandalone-streaming-service-on-appletv-next-month/?pushup=1…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lauren Lahrman @LaurenLahrman 4 mar.

HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV http://theverge.com/e/ 7913620?utm_campaign=theverge&utm _medium=social&utm_source=twitter&ut m_content=article…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sean Russell @BestSeanR 4 mar. @WarnerArchive what's going on with Archive Instant being available on PS3,Xbox,AmazonFire, native on AppleTV etc? AirPlay is just a bandaid 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Philip Roy @philroyNZ 4 mar.

Desperately hoping that next week’s Apple event finally includes a new AppleTV that I can move loads of video to as a media center!

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Brandon Teegen @BrandonTeegen 4 mar. @SuperRob What if they release it next week? Wouldn't be the first time it was introduced in March…

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http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/apple-tv/index-appletv.html…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites TechFeeds @JapanTechFeeds 4 mar. #IT #fixcable #appletv HBO's Cable-Free Streaming Service Might Launch In April for $15 a Month - Gizmodo.. http://bit.ly/ 1GlgkSK 0 Retweet 2 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO May Be Teaming Up With Apple For New 'HBO Now' Streaming Service http://bit.ly/1KlGrM7 #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

Apple Putting Banners Up at Yerba Buena Center Ahead of March 9 Event http://bit.ly/1wWjsMs #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tech News @TheBestTechNews 4 mar.

Watch Super Bowl XLIX live streams on your iPhone, iPad, Mac or Apple TV http://goo.gl/10GTwy #NBC #NFL #SuperBowl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Paul McCoy @thecyberdog 4 mar.

HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month standalone streaming service on Apple TV next month http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/04/hboreportedly-in-talks-to-debut-15monthstandalone-streaming-service-on-appletv-next-month/… via @JordanKahn 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Jablíčkář.cz @Jablickar 4 mar.

Streamovací služba od HBO pro všechny

se má v dubnu spustit na Apple TV, za 15 dolarů měsíčně http://jablickar.cz/ streamovaci-sluzba-od-hbo-pro-vsechnyse-ma-v-dubnu-spustit-na-apple-tvza-15-dolaru-mesicne/…

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Mel Rodriguez @_MelRodriguez_ 4 mar. #GettingOn HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV http://theverge.com/e/ 7913620?utm_campaign=theverge&utm _medium=social&utm_source=twitter&ut m_content=article… via @verge 4 Retweets 13 Favorites Matt Kahl @mattkahl 4 mar. @marcoarment 'Sup? #appletv 1 Retweet 0 Favorites About Iphone?roid @aboutMAC_androi 4 mar.

Siri Control of HomeKit Devices While On the Go Requires Apple TV as Hub. One of the major focuses at CES this y… http://goo.gl/Ch1YeY 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

0 Retweet 3 Favorites infocrowler @infocrowler 4 mar.

New post: #AppleTV #AppleTVNews HBO in talks with Apple to add ‘HBO Now’ standalone streaming service to Apple TV http://www.infocrowler.com/ mac/hbo-in-talks-with-apple-to-add-hbonow-standalone-streaming-service-toappletv.html?utm_campaign=twitter&utm_med ium=twitter&utm_source=twitter…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites UK Technology News @UK_Tech_News 4 mar.

Apple tie-up with HBO could bring Game of Thrones to the cord-cutters: Apple TV streaming service is set to be… http://bit.ly/1DWcMD4 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Achieve @AchieveControl 4 mar. http://ift.tt/1w4xQad HBO Stand-Alone Streaming Service Could Launch in April for $15 a Month on Apple TV, Other Devices - yahoo #tech 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Alexandre Combessie @alteralec 4 mar.

Cable giant HBO is negotiating with Apple to get its paid streaming service on Apple TVs. #StreamingWars http://buff.ly/17RxxUV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

katherine puckett @katiemomadie 4 mar.

Clark Kent or Hinds'Jeremy Cole?Master of Apple TV, classy signs and brilliant swag buttons! @mstwit2015 #CFTTC2015 1 Retweet 6 Favorites

The Cancel Bear @TheCancelBear 4 mar. @AustinFilmSnob that linked story says it’s going to be on AppleTV, Roku, XBox, PS, etc.

0 Retweet 4 Favorites

Tom Parish @tparish 4 mar.

HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April - Go go go! All for it. http://www.macrumors.com/2015/03/04/ apple-hbo-web-only-streaming-servicepartnership/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Will Smith @willsmith 4 mar. @chris_mawer1 all mkv eventually. Stuff I ripped for AppleTV is still MP4.

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Todd Chapman @tchapman80 4 mar.

Surprisingly reasonable. RT @verge HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV http://theverge.com/e/ 7913620?utm_campaign=theverge&utm _medium=social&utm_source=twitter&ut m_content=article…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Federico (spopy) @spopy 4 mar.

HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month standalone streaming service on Apple TV next month http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/04/hboreportedly-in-talks-to-debut-15monthstandalone-streaming-service-on-appletv-next-month/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Yahoo Tech @YahooTech 4 mar.

HBO stand-alone streaming service could come in April for $15/month on Apple TV, other devices http://yhoo.it/1DWigxH 5 Retweets 1 Favorites The iPad Guide @TheiPadGuide 4 mar.

HBO In Talks to Launch New Streaming Service to Apple TV and More http://bit.ly/1KlxEtM (#apple #ipad) 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mrs. Tubb @SCMS_TubbTeam 4 mar.

Got to use my #AppleTV and my #iPad as a doc cam today!! Super excited! @SCMFalcons 2 Retweets 4 Favorites Patrix @patrix 4 mar.

Now if only CBS Access Pass, Sling, and Amazon Instant Video get Apple TV apps…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mumper @mumper 4 mar.

Yessss RT @MacRumors: HBO and Ap-

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ple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April http://www.macrumors.com/2015/03/04/ apple-hbo-web-only-streaming-servicepartnership/… by @julipuli 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Jennifer @MontgomeryJenni 4 mar. #tech #IT Apple tie-up with HBO could bring Game of Thrones to the cordcutters: Apple TV streaming service is… http://bit.ly/1GUaB3z 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Shlaq @shlaq 4 mar.

HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV | The Verge http://www.theverge.com/ 2015/3/4/8149579/hbo-now-streamingservice-name-pricing-report…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites iPad news @iPadPro 4 mar.

Report: HBO’s standalone streaming service should launch in April with Apple TV as a launch partner http://dlvr.it/8qmTPw 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dan Mariani @DannyMariani1 4 mar.

HBO in talks with Apple to add ‘HBO Now’ standalone streaming service to Apple TV #appletvhacks http://bit.ly/1B3fuXj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites SPEA at IUPUI @SPEA_Indy 4 mar.

Congrats! You won an Apple TV! Visit BS 3025 to pick it up. @livkimsey 1 Retweet 1 Favorites trendblog.net @trendblognet 4 mar.

HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching… - Mac Rumors http://ift.tt/1B7I8W7 #Apple 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

Apple in Talks With HBO to Launch $15/ Month HBO Now Streaming Service on Apple TV http://bit.ly/18QFtXE #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO Wants Apple TV as Launch Partner for the Upcoming "HBO Now" Streaming Service http://bit.ly/18QFtHo #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Apple TV Hacks @appletvhacks 4 mar.

IBT: HBO Now cable-free streaming service coming to Apple TV for $15/month http://www.appletvhacks.net/2015/03/04/ hbo-now-stream-on-apple-tv/…

7 Retweets 3 Favorites Words From Nerds @WordsFromNerds 4 mar.

HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month standalone streaming service on Apple TV next month http://s3g.info/ 1Gl7Db3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mr. A @AgronBerishaa 4 mar. #TechNews HBO’s stand-alone streaming service rumored to debut on Apple TV for $15 per month: In late 2014, it… http://bit.ly/1EObXhh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites I4U News @i4unews 4 mar.

HBO Now Streaming Service launches with Apple TV Support http://tinyurl.com/ ovfrl8o - I4U News: Daily News and Trends for the Geek Mind.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mr Bing @Stee_Bing 4 mar.

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Shattered after last couple of days @ work, so good to collapse in to bed & watch some Spring Training my AppleTV 0 Retweet 2 Favorites MacTrast @MacTrast 4 mar.

HBO and Apple are in talks to bring a $15/Month HBO Now streaming service to the Apple TV http://ow.ly/JWmwi 15 Retweets 8 Favorites Davi Garcia @dudenews 4 mar.

HBO pode lançar seu serviço de streaming (custando $15) a partir da semana que vem em parceira com a Apple (TV?).

1 Retweet 2 Favorites 757Live World 757@LiveWorld 4 mar. #HBO is in talks with Apple to make Apple TV one of its launch partners for new streaming service - @IBTimes http://757l.tk/1CxAbg1 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ed Gray @EditorPatentEd 4 mar.

Report: HBO’s standalone streaming service should launch in April with #Apple TV as a launch… http://goo.gl/fb/kSJTM6 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Burp & Epicure @Burp_et_Epicure 4 mar.

HBO sur Apple TV? Le rêve! RT @Floszach autre clou dans le cercueil du cable http://ow.ly/JWjdu 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Giz Antenna @gizantenna 4 mar. #HBO and #Apple in Talks for $15/Month #AppleTV Streaming Service Launching in April http://giz.joyr.net/r/fbynw77l 1 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhone agent @iphone_agent 4 mar.

HBO’s stand-alone streaming service rumored to debut on Apple TV for $15 per month http://ift.tt/1FaUkGx #iphone

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Wonderkind Studios @chasingwonder 4 mar.

Just in time for #GameofThrones, #HBO streaming service could launch in April, $15 per month, works on #AppleTV http://theverge.com/e/7913620 ? #GoT 1 Retweet 4 Favorites Karan Arora @KaranArora 4 mar.

Apple in Talks With HBO to Launch $15/ Month HBO Now Streaming Service on Apple TV - http://j.mp/1NhudmO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Aaron Abernethy @theronster 4 mar.

HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month standalone streaming service on Apple TV next month - I'd love this in UK http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/04/hboreportedly-in-talks-to-debut-15monthstandalone-streaming-service-on-appletv-next-month/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Michael E. Kirby @abvavrg 4 mar.

Loved the trailer, but the frame bounces on our AppleTV and my phone. http://fb.me/3QkS5UqIs 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Tiffany Germain @Tiffany_Germain 4 mar.

This whole headline is magical: HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV: http://theverge.com/e/ 7913620?utm_campaign=theverge&utm _medium=social&utm_source=twitter&ut m_content=article…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Financial Iceberg @JPDesloges 4 mar.

HBO Wants Apple TV as Launch Partner for the Upcoming "HBO Now" Streaming Service $AAPL #aapl http://stks.co/

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b1pYE 1 Retweet 2 Favorites John Earl Burnett @JohnEarlBurnett 4 mar. #HBO's Standalone #Streaming Service Should Launch In April w/ #AppleTV As A Launch Partner. http://stks.co/g1u4J $AAPL $TWX 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Don Doudou #42 @Don_Doudou 4 mar.

Sources: HBO's new streaming service to be called "HBO Now", will cost $15/ month, include Apple TV as launch partn… http://ift.tt/18QsPbh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Brian Sloan @HiFiBrian 4 mar. #WTCView now officially on AppleTV too--just found @MichaelUrie on the Movies Just Added page!

0 Retweet 5 Favorites iClarified @iClarified 4 mar.

Apple in Talks With HBO to Launch $15/ Month HBO Now Streaming Service on Apple TV… http://iClarified.com/47506 8 Retweets 4 Favorites Patently Apple @PatentlyApple 4 mar.

HBO Wants Apple TV as Launch Partner for the Upcoming "HBO Now" Streaming Service http://bit.ly/1aLL0zp 6 Retweets 7 Favorites Robert Rybar @robertrybar 4 mar.

HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV http://theverge.com/e/ 7913620?utm_campaign=theverge&utm _medium=social&utm_source=twitter&ut m_content=article… via @verge 1 Retweet 1 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4

mar.

HBO's stand-alone streaming service rumored to debut on Apple TV for $15 per month http://bit.ly/1GTWOKo #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO to launch 'HBO Now' standalone service in April, may have Apple TV as launch partner http://bit.ly/1GTWOu6 #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tech Stories @_techstories 4 mar.

Sources: HBO's new streaming service to be called "HBO Now", will cost $15/ month, include Apple TV as launch partn… http://ift.tt/1AK8FoN 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Paul Binikos @PBinny 4 mar.

HBO's streaming service is reportedly called HBO Now, costs $15 per month #appletv http://zite.to/17RFiKD 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Bryan M. Wolfe  @bryanmwolfe 4 mar.

From @appadvice: Report: HBO's standalone streaming service should launch in April with Apple TV as a launch partner http://appadvice.com/appnn/2015/03/ report-hbos-standalone-streamingservice-should-launch-in-april-withapple-tv-as-a-launch-partner…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Antonio Costa @ACInvestorBlog 4 mar. $AAPL $TWX HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April http://stks.co/ t1dQs bad news for $NFLX 4 Retweets 4 Favorites

247

MaVaCo @MaVaCoAll 4 mar. #deals Apple TV 3rd Gen 1080p HDTV Streaming Media Player Netflix iTunes – MD199LL/A http://ow.ly/2Vtvbv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ethan Levine @ethanlevine 4 mar.

Just in time for #GameOfThrones! RT @9to5mac: HBO in talks to debut $15/ mo streaming service on Apple TV next month http://wp.me/p1xtr9-1xFB 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Eddie Espinal @EspinalLab 4 mar.

HBO's standalone streaming service reportedly costs $15 per… http://dlvr.it/ 8qlFX0 #apple #appletv #hbo #hbonow 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Methone @Methone 4 mar.

Sources: HBO's new streaming service to be called "HBO Now", will cost $15/ month, include Apple TV as launch partne…

3 Retweets 0 Favorites Appleolizer @Appleolizer 4 mar. #Apple is in talks to launch #HBO streaming service next month | #CultofMac #AppleTV… http://apple.trendolizer.com/2015/03/ apple-is-in-talks-to-launch-hbostreaming-service-next-month-cult-ofmac.html…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Financial Iceberg @JPDesloges 4 mar.

HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April $AAPL #aapl http://stks.co/g1u2z 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Tibor Holoda @tiborholoda 4 mar.

What about a global launch? "@HBO wants to make #appletv a launch partner for its new streaming service. http://www.ibtimes.com/hbo-talks-apple-

be-launch-partner-coming-web-servicehbo-now-exclusive-1835882…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Mark Langston @markrlangston 4 mar. @WatchAware Digital Crown to scrub movies/songs! Control AppleTV, Keynote, HomeKit devices! Starbucks and Shazam on my wrist!

1 Retweet 4 Favorites FlatFeeMVP @FlatFeeMVP 4 mar.

HBO’s stand-alone streaming service rumored to debut on Apple TV for $15 per month http://dlvr.it/8ql3Fs #entrepreneur #lean 0 Retweet 1 Favorites YYEEP! @vz4jbz 4 mar. #Deals - Apple TV 3rd Gen 1080p HDTV Streaming Media Player Netflix iTunes – MD199LL/A http://goo.gl/fb/whHhN7 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Seth Long @sethlong 4 mar.

HBO Now would make a great marquee launch partner for a new AppleTV box.

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Report: HBO’s standalone streaming service should launch in April with Apple TV as a launch partner http://j.mp/1GTT9wm #appadvice 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jason Frost @rubiconreader 4 mar.

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1 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Scot Valentine @ScotPFV 4 mar. @TitanClint_ don’t have cable anymore.

Thinking of buying the MLB package for the Apple TV but it’s expensive. I’m missing my .

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HBO streaming service could launch in April for $15 per month, work on Apple TV: HBO's subscription streaming… http://bit.ly/1Cxu0bO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Workprint @TheWorkprint 4 mar.

HBO May Be Coming to Apple TV In April http://www.theworkprint.com/hbomay-be-coming-to-apple-tv-in-april/123…

2 Retweets 0 Favorites TechGeek_Guy @TechGeek_Guy 4 mar.

Report: HBO’s standalone streaming service should launch in April with Apple TV as a launch partner http://bit.ly/1AKvicU 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Wes Miller @getwired 4 mar.

Fruit Watch in April… rumored HBO OTT for Apple TV in April… Could we see the new ATV in April then as well?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pete Santilli @PTSantilli 4 mar.

HBO is in talks with Apple to make Apple TV one of its launch partners for new streaming service - http://goo.gl/MQh49l #breaking-news 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Craig Newman @craignewman 4 mar.

MT @Circa: Report: HBO in talks to make Apple TV a launch platform for upcoming standalone streaming service http://circanews.com/news/hbos-

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0 Retweet 1 Favorites Jay Bond @jbcashmoney 4 mar.

Cord cutting = $$$. "#HBO & Apple in talks for $15/Month #AppleTV streaming service. http://ow.ly/JWeVy #content #distribution 0 Retweet 2 Favorites NextGadgets @Next_Gadgets 4 mar.

HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April http://goo.gl/fb/A9f3cB #ipad 4 Retweets 1 Favorites Decider @decider 4 mar.

Will @HBO launch its new streaming service with #Apple? http://dcdr.me/1w4gaLN 1 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhone agent @iphone_agent 4 mar.

HBO to launch ‘HBO Now’ standalone service in April, may have Apple TV as launch partner http://ift.tt/1M6p3GW #iphone 0 Retweet 0 Favorites iPhone Hacks @iPhoneHackx 4 mar.

HBO’s stand-alone streaming service rumored to debut on Apple TV for $15 per month http://dlvr.it/8qkYsM 3 Retweets 1 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month standalone streaming service on Apple TV next month http://bit.ly/ 1M6oOM2 #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO's Cable-Free Streaming Service Might Launch In April for $15 a Month

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http://bit.ly/1M6oMDK #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CordCutterForum @cordcutterforum 4 mar.

HBO In Talks With Apple To Be Launch Partner For Coming Web Service 'HBO Now': Exclusive http://bit.ly/1KkS3iC #cordcutters #appletv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Andrew Applesauce @suburbantraffic 4 mar. “@MacRumors: HBO & Apple in Talks for $15/Mo Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April http://www.macrumors.com/2015/03/04/ apple-hbo-web-only-streaming-servicepartnership/… by @julipuli” @billababs 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tom @bassnote 4 mar.

HBO reportedly in talks to debut $15/ month standalone streaming service on Apple TV next… https://plus.google.com/ 108181564913109949116/posts/ASsi2crQT6N… 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Raymond @rayrrobyn 4 mar. #phone HBO and Apple in Talks for $15/ Month Apple TV Streaming Service Launching in April: HBO is in talks wit… http://bit.ly/1AKpC2z 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Theorical Analysis G → 251

How are rumors used in politics?

H → 253

Which kind of marketing tools could rumors consist of?

I → 256

Why do we peddle rumors about public health?

J → 259

Why do we gossip about famous people we actually never met?

K → 261

What should we understand with urban legends?

G

How are rumors used in politics?

Political rumors J.N. Kapferer 1987

In the arsenal of the tools of political warfare, rumor has many advantages. First, it avoids to appear uncovered: others speak for you and make them voluntary or involuntary carriers of the rumor.

The source remains hidden, elusive and mysterious. Nobody is responsible, but everyone knows.

Rumor is the media unspoken: it allows to bring out into the open topics that the political tradition prohibits openly mentioned.

Thus the French are generally bothered by the health problem: it is a taboo subject that can not be addressed publicly. So it is a frequent topic of rumor: it casts doubt on the sustainability of the man and his ability to govern lucid and serene way. The rumor does not require evidence. Public opinion is often based more on feelings than facts. The charge is therefore sufficient.(1) The rumor does not require either large staffs: it can foment in small committee. (…) Let us add that the rumor enables conspirators not to disclose. Indeed, it is the only company where you can play the double game: nobody speaks in his own name, each merely cites the rumor. Difficult in this case to sort friends and false friends. Finally, and this is not its least advantage, rumor costs nothing.

Compared to the millions of francs spent on political advertising campaigns whose effectiveness remains to be demonstrated, the rumor is a weapon no direct financial cost. But it also has disadvantages. Unlike an advertising campaign which we control every comma, every word and the timing, rumor escapes: the result is random. Moreover, it happens that the rumor turns against its transmitters: a false rumor belied well allows its target to get rid of future ahead. By killing, killing all the others. As the elections approach, all means are good to destabilize future bothersome candidates. Rumor is the ideal weapon of primary, that is to say the struggles between people of the same board. Indeed, in every war, there are rumors about the allies as the enemy. The aggressiveness vis-à-vis the enemy is authorized outlets: death. However, the fratricidal battle being reviled, internal quarrels and hostilities must necessarily use the medium shade, rumor. The same phenomenon explains the bitterness of rumors in the medical profession or the Bar.

1. Erlanger, Le Régent, Paris, Folio-Histoire, 1985.

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In these two professional groups, there is strong competition for access to positions of power, but it can not make campaign openly against each other. Whoever dreams of becoming dean of the College can however rely on rumors to tarnish the reputation of a “colleague”.

Behind setting electoral scene and a democratic façade, there would actually an occult power, a hidden hand, she released the shackles of parliamentarism and universal suffrage. The theme of secret societies is a constant of the French political imaginary: every society some mysterious closed and could serve as a scapegoat. So the rumors were they focused on long before Jesuits to change scapegoat: it was then the case of the Jews (eg the rumor of the conspiracy of the Elders of Zion) and Masons. These groups actually would direct the country, whatever the nature of government. The rumor is quick to point out that for example the opposite edge of men are all brothers in Freemasonry. In the US, the influence Political rumors are powerful becauseinpartisans areon motivated to of the underworld and the Mafia particular the believe falsehoods politicians policiesand of the party.

White House is aabout theme amountand rumors: it other was said Moreover, strategy often employed counter that Nixonthe had endedmost the Vietnam War into order to rumors –directly confronting the rumor repeating then debunking resume relations People withby China, thusit,opening the it– may serve to augment the fluency of the rumor, thereby Chinese market to US manufacturers, especially those decreasing that thesis citizensiswill definitely reject that rulinked tothe thelikelihood Mafia. This present in the room mor out Honor, of hand.filmed by Robert Altman. Also rumored, Secret Citizens accept “fluid”not rumors, they may say they are unMarilyn may Monroe would have or committed suicide. sure about the veracity of those rumors, but they will be less likely Indeed, since 1950, we know that the star attended to definitively rejectthen them.chairman of a commission Robert Kennedy, Political rumors,the then, the capacity to be extremely sticky. To investigating UShave unions.

For Kennedy, the trade debunk rumors and correct the misinformation they generunions these and in particular the most powerful of them, the ate, it is necessary to adopt a new strategy. truck drivers, led by Jimmy Hoffa, were intimately linked to the Mafia. To replicate, Hoffa had been bugging Rumeurs, Le plus vieux média monde, Éditionsor Du John Seuil, February Marilyn's house to du wet Robert Kennedy in a sex 1987, p.246-255. scandal. The United States are still very Puritans such rumors do not forgive. Marilyn Monroe was murdered to suppress this political scandal. Rumors aimed politicians are not due to chance. They creep into the fault of everyone, they exploit his Achilles heel, and thus gain strong credibility: they seem plausible. Moreover, it is as if, behind the apparent diversity rumors to someone, we sought to create him a certain image by small successive touches sive. Thus, review of rumors launched against our most prominent politicians can reconstruct the intention, the portrait they aim to build.

252

H

Which kind of marketing tools could rumors consist of?

Rumors in Marketing Practises J.N. Kapferer 1987

It is through face to face contact that customers and suppliers communi- cate. Any visit from one seller at one of its customers is an opportunity to slip surreptitiously rumor to cast doubt on the reliability of competing suppliers. Nothing is said, everything is implied: the seller can easily “rumo-rer” pseudo-information, the tone of benevolent confidence. I learned from a friend of mine who works at the company X would know shortly restructuring. Should we add credit to this news?

I do not know, but I thought I would let you know, an informed buyer is forearmed. When a customer has only one supplier, its high degree of dependence creates risks. The production may be interrupted if the supplier monopoly suffers a strike, delays in delivery. Also they are customers generally very sensitive to rumors concerning their exclusive supplier: Information has too many implications to be overlooked. The slightest fact can be used to support a rumor. A company loses one of its best sellers, past a competitor: "It is not in what is said, the first who leaves the… in recent years, and this is perhaps be the beginning. Thus, a localized event, the departure of a seller, is presented as the signal of a hidden problem and the announcement of future difficulties in the company. In the current economic context, it is common that vendors of large companies rely on the Achilles heel of smaller competitors, fragility. Also the rumors about the upcoming bankruptcy of a supplier are now commonplace. Raising the specter of probable bankruptcy for an SME, it is hoped to recoup order. If the rumor is growing, it validates itself.

Alarmed at the prospect of seeing one of their vendors promised a brief life, buyers prefer to opt for a supplier that is known at least he will be there in ten years. In this case, the decline in orders, created by the rumor, can actually lead supplier referred to bankruptcy. For everyone, the rumor was right. In the business world, every buyer feels abandoned by the seller. Once the deed of sale concluded, resentments and grievances accumulate, as after the euphoria of marriage. Rumors are particularly permeable land these buyers frustrated and helpless: they provide a simple explanation for a set of details and bad situations experienced by those buyers, such as less frequent visits of the seller, the rarest invitations, gifts End smaller year. The buyer throws his resentment as if he grabs the rumor that opens his eyes. His supplier was hiding some truth.

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Many brands are the subject of rumors. Some are spontaneous: we said, the social body reacts defensively to innovation. Others are probably intentional tional French and accurately exploit this sensitivity to innovations. Still others, born spontaneously, can be entretenues by those who find their interest. For example, since its inception, cream shoes Baranne continued with the rumor. Contrary to what his intense publicity said, according to rumor, this cream “dry out the leather.” This argument is spontaneously used by small traders selling competing brands which themselves do not advertise. In Belgium, all affirm that Belgian beer Stella Artois gives headache. What was a rumor there over ten years is now part of popular knowledge: it is hard to tell if this rumor was planned or Stella Artois, the market leader, has inherited very naturally rumors about beer in general. (…) In general, word-of-mouth is influential especially in the later stages of the consumer decision process: when to choose between several brands or products or services. Instead, the media and advertising mainly engage early in this decision process: when the consumer begins to formulate its purchasing problem, to learn about what is available, where and at what price. Thus the media provide information, word-of-mouth an evaluation. Advertising reported that a film was released, the word of mouth advises to go see it or not. For businesses, word-of-mouth is both a carrot and a stick. It is a baton if the product is unsatisfiable sant. While consumers against generate a publicity, negative word of mouth. In addition, they now have the resonance chamber constituted by the consumer associations that disseminate widely in the media. We remember the case of Kleber tires, motorcycle helmets, or Fichet locks indécrochetables not that the city claimed that the publication.

If the product is excellent, however, the word of mouth accelerates sales. Nevertheless, it would be a mistake to consider the word of mouth and advertising as exclusive choices. Advertising stimulates the need for information which is then supported by word-ofmouth: What to think of the last movie of X? What about the last car from Peugeot? It also supports word-of-mouth by the notoriety she gives the brand or product: brand awareness reassures. Conversely, fewer media can reduce the frequency of word-of-mouth.

Thus, when it is very negative, the brand seeks to be forgotten for a while and decreases visibility. After the accident that struck the Tylenol brand, it has voluntarily disappeared from the media for over a year.

254

Rumeurs, Le plus vieux média du monde, Éditions Du Seuil, February 1987, p.220-225.

255

I

Why do we peddle rumors about public health?

Rumor, Panic and Media P.Marchand & P.O. Dupuy 2006

MEDIA RUMORS At first glance, it may seem paradoxical to talk together rumor and the media. In Indeed, the usual definitions of rumors relate to the emergence in the social body, information which precede or oppose a official sources (often called black market Information). In other words, information media, vertical, which spreads high down —those who “know” (the “right circles”) To those who do not know (the public) —opposes a parallel information, horizontal, between people: they are rumors. The information would be the voice of the media, the rumor would be that of group, spreading what the group believes to be true, towards and against official sources. But are we really sure that these phenomena, sociologically distinct, are the also psychologically, that is to say the perspective of information processing? Are we sure that the line between information and rumor is tight? No, and that for two reasons. The first is that the media, too, reflected the rumors, especially in the era of the Internet.

The information, particularly television, is subject to a double bind: to inform, a hand, that is to say to highlight a phenomenon in public debate, and seduce the other hand, stress commercial to attract the largest number possible to individuals. This second constraint required to be fast (especially to present the scoop before the others) does not always allow journalists to verify the information they collect, which explains a rumor can be relayed by the media. Furthermore, the constraint Trade requires information which sensation, so that rumors and news threats (security, food or medical) are easily disseminated. Add to this, the effects the media agenda and its inherent mimicry (The topics covered by the media are fundamentally the same), and contagion takes quickly.

The second reason that suggests that media sometimes information about the fashion rumor is that the mechanisms processing the information in the two cases are quite comparable. Consider, for example of how the media are relays legal or scientific concepts also complex as AIDS, the “cloud” of Chernobyl, Internet, mad cow disease, GMOs, the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, bird flu. Since it is often new developments that burst into the landscape economic, social or political, information work requires

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Miscellaneous → 268

a special effort to accurately communicate these new ideas.

However, it is sometimes more economical from the point of cognitive view (less tiring intellectually) search in memory if there is no “Something like it,” and if it is possible to operate a kind of “transfer properties” an event that everyone knows about a new event.

THE “TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP” This reflex is already at work in children: an Italian study on social representation the Chernobyl cloud in children shows they sought to appropriate this strange novelty by comparing it to what they knew well: “It is a gas that is not a gas normal with which one can cook, it is a gas strange that is not good for health”, says and Leonardo, aged ten.

These shortcuts are used to reach conclusions without having to deal with the problem of how depth. The media, too, resort to such heuristics when dealing events again. The result often takes the form Analog reconciliations. It is thus notes that any political court case US sees affix the gate suffix, then as well as the situations are not necessarily comparable Watergate: Iran-Contra, Monicagate, and more recently Erongate. In the same vein, we recently spoke of “intifada suburbs” about the violence that erupted in the cities.

In the case of GMOs, reference to mad cow is common. Le Nouvel Observateur headline in April 1996 “Alert crazy food” and Liberation in November 1996, “mad soy Alert”. Examination of the press shows a tendency to systematically mention the “mad cow” in articles or reports on GMOs, “mad cow, GMOs… Six out of ten French worried about their safety food. While the cow crisis crazy full swing, the Council of State gave yesterday the green light to the cultivation of three varieties transgenic maize Syngenta Company”. We are witnessing in this case the transfer of ownership: BSE (Which itself was based on the tainted blood) has permeated the public of a danger deaf there a few years ago; GM probably the same property and this amalgam materialized by transferring a cow terminology crazy to GMOs. Thus, by sliding meaning that pass usually unnoticed, the notion of “crazy GMOs” takes shape in the media.

However, by dint of being drawn on the slope slippery fillings of this type, media obviously arouse anxiety in the public. We asked

257

188 students write a short editorial about GMOs. Once eliminated the “words tools” (articles, pronouns, auxiliaries…), the term of mad cow disease appears in thirteenth position. Spontaneously, 23.4 percent of the subjects mentioned cow crazy in a subject on GMOs. It is interesting to study the texts according to exposure subject to media information. We have divided subjects into three groups: those who follow “Rarely”, “sometimes” and “often” news on GMOs. The first group is characterized by the adjective natural: “I do not like anything that is not natural.” The second group rather uses Under foods, dangerous and risks to them, what matters is whether the new foods are dangerous to health. The third group evokes scientists more and productivity: “The scientists claim that GMOs are a considerable progress” and “It are products of a will to productivity increased in the field of agriculture.”

However, the term mad cow is mentioned by nine percent of subjects saying follow only rarely news on GMOs (30 percent of subjects studied); it goes to 21 percent in those who follow “sometimes” (the most numerous: 47 percent of subjects); it is equal to 16 percent for those who follow "often or always" news (23 percent of subjects). So it seems that there is a relationship between exposure intensity information and the use of this heuristic Media: those who have limited exposure to the media there little use, unlike people follow the media a bit, but every day it which is the case of the majority of the population.

Thus occurs a transfer of properties of an object familiar (mad cow) to a strange object or new (GMOs), both in the public mind in the media, while the two problems have nothing in common, either biologically nor economically. But what unites them, it is the fear they generate.

“Rumor, Panic and Media”, P. Marchand and P.O. Dupuy, in Cerveau&Psycho N°13 —Jan.-Feb. 2006, http://www.cerveauetpsycho.fr/ ewb_pages/a/article-rumeur-panique-et-medias-20714.php.

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J

Why do we gossip about famous people we actually never met?

Star System J.N. Kapferer 1987

There are no stars without rumors. The star already has a public, one of his admirers, his venerators, its idolatrous. In public, the star is that there is more important: the involvement is total. Fans live only for identification: it is their model, their source of identity. Alas, the star is remote, necessarily: one does not approach the sacred. The two conditions for the proliferation of rumors are present: a huge importance and considerable ambiguity created by the secrecy surrounding the star. gossip too. The star does not have its audience: it's the opposite. The star has vis-à-vis duties thereof: his star stay is a daily business.

The public wants first to be rewarded for his worship, especially the fans, that is to say the most involved and the most structured.

Fan believes have rights: the chosen people, he wants preferential treatment. Privacy Star is public: some sections are carefully raised at the appropriate time by press agents or impresarios. The paparazzi are also responsible for over-take the privacy of stars. In both cases, the result is the same: to feed the need to enter into intimacy. Far from merely cinematic images, the audience is a permanent voyeur. Fans want more: their status depends on it. They want to be those who bring the indiscretion, the leak around them.

They are the link between the supernatural world of gods and heroes and the general public.

This task of intermediary between both sides, the fan remembers his belonging to the world of the star: he is the one who knows.

Bearer of the latest news, it gives the impression of living in the privacy of his idol… The rumor comes here. Staying star is managing the secret man- ger flight, distilling confidence. Transparency kill the star: a star is not a boyfriend. The secrecy annihilated as: public and fans asphyxiated by the lack of information have disappeared. The carefully dosed mystery keeps faith. To compensate for his helpless love, fan wants to possess proprietary information strands window open for a moment on the privacy of the idol.

This imaginary ownership is a substitute for the impossible possession. The gossip does not have to be true. We prefer a story that makes us feel good to a truth that gives us nothing. Good gossip is to feed the myth. Women stars represent archetypes of love.(1)

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1. Morin E., Les Stars, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, coll. 1972.

Also the gossip he recites uninterrupted saga of love. An engagement rumor precedes a wedding rumored to raise the bed of a rumor of marital conflict, reunions or divorce. The quest for mad love is permanent.

Through these women, the public lives by proxy the myth of the Great Love, his dreary life did not allow him to meet personally.

The star man is a hero, in addition to a lover. Gossip feed these two aspects of its identity: Belmondo had injured by refusing to be overtaken in a perilous scene; James Dean's Rebel Without a clear flirting with death constantly: he participated in bullfights in Mexico. It is also the lover of dozens of stars and starlets. The whole life of James Dean was built as the brief passage of a superman whose earthly seconds were counted.

When he was killed driving his Porsche Spyder 30 September 1955, more than 160 km / hour, the rumors confirmed its status as superman. Superman does not die. In fact, rumor has definitive gured by the accident, he has long hidden in a farm near Los Angeles. A legend also surrounds his Porsche. After the accident, the wreckage was bought by the man who had kept for Dean down the truck that brought her back, let go of the brakes. A worker had both legs broken. Then the engine was sold to a Mc Henry, Beverly Hills, car racing enthusiast: it was naturally hurt in a race soon after.

Rumeurs, Le plus vieux média du monde, Éditions Du Seuil, February 1987, p.203-206.

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K

What should we understand with urban legends?

Comical Legends V. Campion-Vincent 1999

For the general public, "it's a rumor" is roughly equivalent to "what is a false story." Neither you nor I nor distribute launching rumors, but we share information, news, or we tell stories that have happened to us or to our loved ones are befallen; information, news, stories that we consider interesting, entertaining, appalling useful to know, and incidentally without doubt accurate. It can be said that the term refers to both rumors processes and content.

The process flow of rumors and stories are the mouth ear, but also widespread in our communication society, written document (press article, Administrative Circular or photocopy) the image, the computer terminal. The important factor to note that unifies these process is that they are spontaneous, coming from the "bottom" and oppose official truths.

From funny to terrifying, the brief sentence in a structured history, Rumors of content are very diverse and attempt to pass through all of them would only lead to a tiresome enumeration.

These contents are similar However, they are unveiling plots, explanation of the workings of our fake universe, sensational revelation of secrets and warning, warning against the many dangers that surround us. Contemporary legends The appearance of this term is related to the development, from the mid seventies, a research trend of ethnological and inspiration folk. Having noted that we could treat them the same way rumors consisting of brief information which say in one sentence and those which are structured stories, this trend has focused on the study of the narrative structure rumors developed stories and spoke to them About "urban legends" or better "contemporary legends". This new term allows to focus on the content of the messages flow rather than the circulation process. Combining the noun traditional folklore - legends - and a current adjective - contemporary - it term stresses that are found here in modern avatar of old facts. Data for real, like myths, traditional legends were frequently located in the distant past, while legends Contemporary are considered by their narrators as events real and present - who have just arrived to a relative or they read in the newspaper yesterday - and not as tales of old. Not always stories under the super-

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natural; Moreover, contemporary legends are not false but combine the true, the probable and false. Himself transmitting the writing and images as well as by word of mouth, are narratives, stories taken and transmitted by groups within which they work.

These transmissions cause actual recreation and each time the story narration is redialed depending both audience characteristics that listening, and intentions, conscious or not, narrators.

These stories are given to real, objects of belief, located, charge "of truth effects" such as those induced by the call for witnesses authoritative: "A police officer/doctor/knowledgeable friend/confirmed" or further integration in personal experience: "I saw him."

However, these stories are at the same time under discussion between skeptics and believers, for questioning, the questioning of the event out normesfait integral part of the legendary diffusion process.

Contemporary legends is not only expressed in stories, they also live. Collective scenarios that everyone knows more or less, they then serve as a guide for conduct of individuals that shape their behavior on legendary stories and put them into action. These imitative action 'show' legends by copying, as researchers Student contemporary legends do they call "ostensions" [DĂŠgh Vazsonyi & 1983].

The term 'contemporary legends' is mainly used by Scandinavian, German and Anglo-Saxon while in France it remains attached after rumors that the common opinion is enough to describe all the phenomenon. However, it seems advantageous to diversify vocabulary on this subject: indeed the diversity of rumors phenomena is such that it is endeavoring to note variations (not reducing to a single model by the use of one word) that can progress in their understanding. Comical captions The adventure can happen to a young couple who feels isolated and Forgot a birthday tonight. Far from being bitter or desperate, they take advantage for sex, testing various fantasies and is in action in a ridiculous position, they are surprised by family and friends. The same pattern Narrative may concern either sexual appetite, but the pressing need relief with a pet, or rather a series of sound and smelly farts, to which the hero or heroine, believing himself only when it is already surrounded by surprise guests gathered, engages with delight. The comic legends are usually an illustration of standards; they show the poetic justice at work, hitting those who have exceeded the limits. The punishment expo-

262

sure and ridicule can have serious consequences. In Surprise! Surprise! the version of man Business Centre1 ends with the intrusion of family and friends, leaving us free to imagine the rest. By cons version of the young couple stresses the catastrophic consequences of the surprise: the young woman goes crazy, the boy disappears or goes crazy also. We meet again with tragic elements in several of comical captions that I now present.

I took as theme the comic legends contained in the book presenting and analyzing fifty Urban Legends (1993) I wrote in collaboration with Jean-Bruno Renard. I shall present In conclusion other stories, discussed in my article "Some contemporary legends antiracist"[1995] that seem to mark a changes in the comic legend.

Indeed stigmatized behaviors have changed, since it is not intolerance and sexual deviance.

The elephant sitting on a 2CV This is not a real incident, but a story invariably given for true, appeared with the launch of small cars (2CV Volkswagen, Mini) and runs Europe and the US since the mid sixties. Our quote sums up a long article Brunvand NY Times of May 5, 1975, The elephant that sits on a Volkswagen when the reporter tells the story then recounts his quest leads him to the spokesperson circus, which ensures that the short story for fifteen years, and is totally false.

The various versions retain the same structure, the same elements Opposition: small car / big elephant; single woman and worthy / Event incongruous resulting in a suspicion of intoxication (sometimes justified because it gave a glass of alcohol to the conductor so that it recovers from his emotions). The story is based on a double confusion: the elephant confuses small car and his circus stool; the policeman confuses testimony (Unbelievable but true) and hallucination due to intoxication (Snapshot alcoholic seeing pink elephants). The story is not a morality tale and stigmatizes no deviance. It's a simple amusing story involving scene an unusual event and comical. At his point, two aspects of contemporary legends can be highlighted: Videos - The exposition, inserting in personal experience scenarios legendary, is not the mere naive narrator ("folk"), but also the professionals, journalists copy of evil. The Mail on Sunday gives us a good example of building a legend by the assertion its authenticity: he published 18 January 1987 on account of the meeting in a Spanish bar on the Costa Blanca of two English, saying that they had achieved chatting over a drink that the elephant of the first, then boy circus ring, had crushed twenty years earlier the little Mini second yellow and gravely concluding

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that the ingenious journalist found the "kernel of truth" of a modern legend. I would however strong surprised to be able to trace the two heroes, although their names are scrupulously noted.

- Contemporary legends are plastic and flexible forms, change according to the circumstances of their performance. Thus the meaning of a history inflects according to whether it is told friends before an audience unknown it is to conquer by express fable, or face Office colleagues that should be fun with new, but remaining good social distance. By cons, elephant's history has been exploited by advertising Volkswagen, and was used to announce the arrival of a circus in Stockholm in 1975 (The circus had placed one of its elephants in a red Volkswagen a hub of downtown), then that is a drawing evoking that served Poster at first symposium on contemporary legend. Marital vengeance and lovers stuck With the story of Vengeance to superglue it seems far from comical captions.

A deceived wife takes revenge by seducing her unfaithful husband who ignores she discovered his betrayal; then, when the embrace, she coated her sex superglue and glue the stomach, while the unfortunate can be saved by a castrating ablation.

There is in this vengeful female castration achieving a fantasy widespread. For specialists of contemporary legends, the extraordinary resonance that known worldwide in 1993-1994 aggression Lenora edged Bobbitt (without the intermediary of superglue for that matter) the sex of her husband, not unfaithful but violent, is the consequence of the "exposition" manifested by this act provided that extraordinary circumstances that followed it: the replacement of the penis, which allowed John Bobbitt be later the hero of a video pornographic proving the excellent work of the surgeons; preview this video was presented in November 1994 on TF1 for launch regular show "Scenes from" [Waintrop 1994]. Other domestic vengeance, softer and comic, divert aggressiveness on an object.

This process will be operated in contemporary legends antiracist The incident in the elevator, Sharing Ticket by mistake and ate.

The stereotypical comic anecdotes that exploit stuck Lovers mythological theme of the vagina dentata, the danger for the female male are also close to the Vengeance to superglue. About these anecdotes, which are found at regular intervals in various fun facts news agencies, we discuss the creative role of these agencies in developing stories that go around the world. These anecdotes â&#x20AC;&#x201D;seizures during their oral circulationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; are indeed re-

264

worked by journalists the expectations assumed a global audience fond of comedy and unusual. From various written sources (as in America and Europe embroider stories around the belief in penis captivus then In Africa, they refer in addition to belief in magic through which the deceived husband exercises his revenge), journalists agencies embroider shaped anecdotes of moral tales that follow a canvas stereotypical and depict a humiliating public transport to the hospital (which emphasizes the moral function of punishing these unfortunate accident breaches the rule of marital fidelity). It seems that there is indeed some real cases certified in penis captivus, however the use of the phrase legendary account is justified about stuck lovers as actual cases are clearly fewer than the imaginary case.

We also need to mention these anecdotes at once comical and horrific, widespread among doctors and ambulance services emergency, where they discover during their speeches a couple or man in an awkward position (at home or during a medical exam) because erotic fantasies have gone wrong during their implementation. A version that circulated in the fifties in the guard rooms Parisian hospitals in France, the model of those stories. She is attributed to an internal service of Professor Henri Mondor who answer to question the teacher: "What do you see in this anus?

"Replica: "Sir, I see the Eiffel Tower", the man seen in the emergency department having introduced a clipboard in the anus. The article analyzes Winnick a history of this type of mixing genres "scare" and comic, which ran among the freshmen of the University New York Columbia during the eighties. The grandmother stolen, the thief duped, theft by mistake The mishap occurred at a family for a trip beyond Borders is well known. The grandmother, who was of the party dies suddenly a sudden heart attack. Panicked at the idea of formalities, people decide to bring the grandmother secretly and hide in the trunk (or hoisted, rolled up in a carpet, on the roof of the car). These emotions have the dug: they stop in a boozer to eat and out discover that the car was stolen more Grandma, more than dead, moreâ&#x20AC;Ś This legacy widespread anecdote of no-fly Grandma We retain here only for untapped secondary element: the situation comic created by the surprise of the thief who ends up with a corpse on arm.

This element refers to the theme of Thief tricked. The theme comes in two series. The first depicts a woman looking to rid of the bulky body of her dead cat, is stolen the bag paper with the prestigious brand of luxury department store containing the ob-

265

ject, then saw a crowd and recognizes "his" bag on thief fainted as ambulance prevail. The second set describes the stealing a bottle of whiskey placed on the rear shelf of a car, and containing a urine specimen. Less developed this anecdote Specimen stolen does not stage the thief duped, though implicitly it is presented as an alcoholic and marginal.

The thief duped misunderstands the good he steals. Another set, that of Flight by mistake shows a thief who is mistaken about the situation same: stolen judge believes recovering property and finds thief and not vigilante as he thought. These anecdotes comment on social issues important since they tell us about the condition of anonymity and uncertainty marking the most of our social contacts in major modern cities and they evoke the dangers of behaviors self-defense. However they are located in a pleasant and register moral remains implied.

Sometimes the vigilante confronts directly the one he thinks is victim assails short. This is the story of the New York jogger.

The success of these narratives in fiction shows us that the use of anecdotes for purposes of edification is still present today as once in the anecdotes used by Buddhist monks in the Ancient Japan [Frank 1968] and exempla which lightened the boredom sermons Middle Ages in Europe. The function of exempla was "to explain moral discourse, too often complex, through anecdotes and included comparisons of all "[1992 Berlioz: 121]. Anecdotes are still widely used in persuasive words, although those purposes nowadays are tolerance and openness more than the salvation eternal, and humor the means used to persuade. Ticket Sharing and do not lecturing, but teach by irony.

Ticket sharing and have a reversal of the typical situation fable. In despised by Sharing, foreign invader is overrun Aboriginal sure of its rights and reacts with openness and tolerance while the Aboriginal misbehaves. In the Ticket eaten, Punk or Black replica attacked by an attack, but the attack is moved over an object minor and everyone is satisfied that the person unbearable - which exceeded terminals of proper behavior by making a scene in a place where avoidance and neutrality are the norm - finds himself punished by a external authority that restores public civility rule.

If the contempt shown by an immigrant share that drives like a apostle of non-violence, a real Gandhi demonstrated a extraordinary patience with the lady who was mistaken, the hero of the Ticket has eaten a more combative reaction - but also funny, unexpected and anodyne - face the insults received. It seems reasonable

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to assume that this anecdote that appeared later - it dates from the eighties then Sharing the date by mistake seventies - corresponds to a age when ethnic and multicultural society is one of the evidences and where aggressive intolerance is stigmatized because it can put you in a not bad.

The comical captions stigmatizing sexual deviance and reckless behavior have not disappeared, but it seems that these new contemporary antiracist legends emphasize that it is the open expression of prejudice that is reckless behavior even outsized.

Les lĂŠgendes comiques, sous-genre des lĂŠgendes contemporaines , VĂŠronique Campion-Vincent, Eliane Daphy & Diana Rey-Hulman with Micheline Lebarbier, Collection Colloques Langues'O, Inalco, pp.111-126, 1999

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Miscellaneous

2015-01-01

A CROWD CHOPPED OFF A MAN'S PENIS AFTER HE WAS CAUGHT TRYING TO RAPE A WOMAN Early reports came on Oct. 10 from the Daily Mirror and Daily Mail. The photos were also attributed to Central European News, which has been the source of many other dubious reports and images.

It sold the image and also provided the key details of the story. The resulting stories primarily quote unidentified sources, aside from a witness named Aamir Dhawan. After trying to track back the origin of the images, we were unable to identify the source where they came from. The story spread widely in media in several languages. Below is a collection of some of the English language coverage.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/ angry-mob-hacks-alleged-rapists-4413312 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/angry-mob-hacksalleged-rapists-4413312

Angry mob hacks off alleged rapist's genitals with meat cleaver after dragging him into butchers 09:57, 1 January 2015 By Ian Hughes A man accused of trying to rape a teenage girl is in a critical condition after locals hacked off his genitals with a meat cleaver in a butcher shop.After hearing terrified screams, an angry mob took the law into its own hands and dragged Suresh Kumar, 40, into a butchers in the city of Ganganagar, India.He was found down an alley, pinning the terrified girl against a wall.

Following a community meeting, the vigilantes decided to drag him to a local butcherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shop where they beat him with sticks for an hour, before chopping off his genitalia with a meat cleaver.The remains were then dumped in the middle of the road with Kumar's bleeding body nearby.

Local Aamir Dhawan, 30, said: "No one went to help the man because they could see his penis on the ground and knew this was punishment for a sex crime."We have had a lot of intolerable offences against women in this country recently, with girls being raped, hung, and molested, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time it stopped."This sends out a very strong message to anyone like that - if you do it you will be punished."

Police have called for those responsible to come forward.

A police spokesman said: "People cannot take the law into your own hands."As deplorable as these crimes are, law and order has to be maintained, and not lynch justice.

"We ask those men who carried out this attack to hand themselves in before we find them.The man was eventually taken to hospital where doctors described his condition as critical.

The girl was treated for shock, and given counselling.

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The rumor has been shared 111472 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. ☆Kashmir Will Rise☆ @kashmir_rise 7 jan. indian National Game @payami_: Rape is becoming a crime routine in India. Another case re[ported from Bengaluru. http://m.timesofindia.com/city/bengaluru/ 8-year-old-allegedly-sexually-harassedin-Bengaluru-school-parents-protest/articleshow/ 45790207.cms?utm_source=twitter.com &utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=t imesofindia…"

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Grist Media @GristMedia 7 jan.

"Govt should acknowledge the fact that Indian adolescents are sexually active after 14 years" says @poojataparia https://in.news.yahoo.com/love-mayknow-no-locksmiths-but-teenage-loversin-india-can-now-be-stuck-with-rapecharges-054442080.html…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites dv. @CallMeEvol 7 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey http://nyti.ms/1ypPdlX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Women's Power' Hub @WomensPowerHub 7 jan. #blog #corruption #rape #blackmoney 2 corruptions 3 epidemics stagnates #India Whats the solution http://bit.ly/13UvXIe 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Justine ジャスティン @Ju_Yvenn_St 7 jan.

Indian police to hold Japanese gang rape ID line-up ‹ Japan Today: Japan News and Discussion http://www.japantoday.com/category/

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crime/view/indian-police-to-holdjapanese-gang-rape-id-line-up… via @JapanToday 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rex Arul @rexarul 7 jan.

Indian authorities considering how to reassure female visitors about safety following the rape of a Japanese tourist http://pocket.co/s_cUy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites All Revolutions @RevolutionsHub 7 jan. #epidemic #maoism #terrorism #rape #blackmoney Corruption engulfs #India Can it become a world leader? http://bit.ly/150LTwo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DelhiSays™ @DelhiSays 7 jan. #Delhi Museum worker held in rape case: The arrest of an employee of the Indian Museum… http://bit.ly/1ACMeX6 http://bit.ly/1mKbocU 1 Retweet 0 Favorites K.RAGAVAN.. @write2ragavan 7 jan.

Indian brothers arrested over alleged kidnap and rape of Japanese student http://gu.com/p/44hpg/tw via @guardian Rape issue is increasing 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Arunangsu RC @Arunangsu 6 jan.

Indian Museum staffer held for Japanese woman's rape http://odishasuntimes.com/106745/ indian-museum-staffer-held-japanesewomans-rape/… via @odishasuntimes 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Photo Nippon @PhotoNippon 6 jan.

Crime › Indian police to hold Japanese gang rape ID line-up: http://j.mp/14jLnOc #updates 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MyNation @mynationtwits 6 jan. :::..S U P A R I . O R G..:::: Ramdev Arrest - Rape on Indian Democracy http://tinyurl.com/m5d5p22 0 Retweet 0 Favorites S C @aa18899dd0af414 6 jan.

Indian minister: Kidnap and gang-rape of tourist is 'national shame' http://dailym.ai/ 14dorAb via @MailOnline what a shame…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ilham @ShigeMatsu007 6 jan.

India Police Arrest Sixth Suspect in Alleged Rape Case: Police in the eastern Indian city of Kolkata say they… http://on.wsj.com/1xAgMI2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ankur Sharma @e_vilsoul 6 jan.

Indian Museum staffer held for Japanese woman's rape - Business Standard: FirstpostIndian Museum staffer held… http://ln.is/com/v4fI0 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Women's Power' Hub @WomensPowerHub 6 jan. #gangrape Delhi becomes rape capital Haryana tops rape list. Rape epidemic engulfs India. R Indian women safe http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites KNtv News @kntvnews 6 jan.

New Post :Indian Museum staffer held for Japanese woman’s rape -Kolkata, Jan 6 (IANS) : A… http://www.kntvnews.in/ indian-museum-staffer-held-japanesewomans-rape/…

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites PlaneTalking @Plane_Talking 6 jan.

India tourism fears after latest rape: Indian authorities are considering how to reassure female visitors abou… http://goo.gl/WvSm9I 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Women's Power' Hub @WomensPowerHub 6 jan. #Gangrape #bus With #sexualrevolutionplus raging like a bull & rape forming an epidemic how do Indian women feel http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Odisha Sun Times @odishasuntimes 6 jan.

Indian Museum staffer held for Japanese woman’s rape http://wp.me/p43dgg-rLH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites icctrade @icctrade 6 jan.

Indian authorities are considering how to reassure female visitors about safety in the country following the rape… http://fb.me/2mSaOSJmR 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Anthony Saldanha @AnthonySald 6 jan.

RAPE: Indian MEN can avoid RAPE tendencies by KNOWING: Men Vs Women: Know The Difference http://bit.ly/1wXjTI0 http://twitter.com/DaiillyQuotes/status/ 552487618269949953/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/1kiDOIVTEM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kazi Australia™ @Kazi_Australia 6 jan. #World • India tourism fears after latest gang rape: Indian authorities are considering how to reassure female… http://kazi.info/1wRViAV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Golden Icons @goldenicons 6 jan.

Indian Rape Frenzy Now Targeting Tourists! http://www.goldenicons.com/ indian-rape-frenzy-now-targetingtourists/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Achalendra Puri @AchalendraPuri 6 jan.

Sixth arrest made in Japanese gang rape case: A sixth person, working as a cleaner with the Indian Museum here… http://bit.ly/1xzgcdz 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Pixel Project @PixelProject 6 jan.

Latest rape case adds to fears for Indian tourism industry… http://buff.ly/1tKI9zh 1 Retweet 0 Favorites TopMostShop @eTopMostShop 6 jan. #gangrape Delhi becomes rape capital Haryana tops rape list. Rape epidemic engulfs India. R Indian women safe http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Women's Power' Hub @WomensPowerHub 6 jan. #Gangrape #bus With #sexualrevolutionplus raging like a bull & rape forming an epidemic how do Indian women feel http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 9ijaNews 9@ijaNews 6 jan.

Suspect arrested for rape in Indian government office Police confirm they have arrested one of five suspects acc… http://ift.tt/1BtZ1uU 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Sungai Rapat Online @sungairapat 6 jan.

Indian police hunt for suspects after gang rape in government office

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http://ift.tt/1Khg6MX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kayla Mansfield @ZAFSmallBiz 6 jan.

[BDLive] Suspect arrested for rape in Indian government office http://dlvr.it/ 81qGfX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Pixel Project @PixelProject 6 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey. http://buff.ly/1Ayk3IH 1 Retweet 0 Favorites All Revolutions @RevolutionsHub 6 jan. #sexuarevolutionplus Bus gang rape of a medical student in rape capital Delhi stirs India: Tragedies of Indian women http://bit.ly/TLlM70 0 Retweet 0 Favorites All Revolutions @RevolutionsHub 6 jan. #gangrape Delhi becomes rape capital Haryana tops rape list. Rape epidemic engulfs India. R Indian women safe http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Ken Hamblin Sr @HamblinSr 6 jan.

Indian Rape Case @Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey , via @nytimes. STUPID IS AS STUPID DOES http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/05/ world/india-rape-case-echoes-claims-oftourists-as-prey.html?smprod=nytcoreipad∣=nytcore-ipad-share…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 50 Million Missing 50@millionmissin 6 jan.

After Japanese woman's #rape, minister lists do's, don'ts 4 #tourists. Why not to Indian men? http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ japanese-woman-rape-tourism-ministercalls-it-a-shameful-incident-says-a-dent-

on-indias-image/521173-3-242.htmlâ&#x20AC;Ś 20 Retweets 10 Favorites Victor Mallet @VJMallet 6 jan.

Latest rape case adds to fears for #Indian tourism industry: http://on.ft.com/ 1IfVS24 #FT 4 Retweets 1 Favorites Lolotehe @lolotehe 6 jan.

It wasn't the medical staff who reported the problem. http://gu.com/p/44hpg/stw 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ModernWorld Hub @ModernWorldHub 6 jan. #Gangrape #bus With #sexualrevolutionplus raging like a bull & rape forming an epidemic how do Indian women feel http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Women's Power' Book @WomensPowerBook 6 jan.

State of the #Indian State: Scant #Thinkers 2 corruptions & 3 Epidemics: Solving Those & Making It a World Leader http://bit.ly/150LTwo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Can it become a world leader? http://bit.ly/150LTwo 2 Retweets 0 Favorites NY Times Popular @nytimestop 6 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey: Five men were arrested after a tourist said they robbed heâ&#x20AC;Ś http://nyti.ms/1wQMpYm 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ModernWorld Hub @ModernWorldHub 5 jan. #Gangrape #bus With #sexualrevolutionplus raging like a bull & rape forming an epidemic how do Indian women feel http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emil @ohiomail 5 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey http://nyti.ms/1ypPdlX 2 Retweets 0 Favorites #ModiMinistry @iVoteForBest 5 jan. #ModiMinistry Gujarat HC Rejects Asaram's Bail Plea in Rape Case - The New Indian Express http://bit.ly/1BrQoku 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Women's Power' Hub @WomensPowerHub 6 jan. #blog #corruption #rape #blackmoney 2 corruptions 3 epidemics stagnates #India Whats the solution http://bit.ly/13UvXIe 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Lori Jameson Broyles @LMJB 5 jan.

"Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey " by ELLEN BARRY and NIDA NAJAR via NYT World http://buff.ly/1rXqeEt via @nytimes 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Kris Burns @chrizzy100 6 jan.

Indian minister: Kidnap and gang-rape of tourist is 'national shame' http://dailym.ai/ 14dorAb via @MailOnline 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Women's Power' Hub @WomensPowerHub 5 jan. #gangrape Delhi becomes rape capital Haryana tops rape list. Rape epidemic engulfs India. R Indian women safe http://bit.ly/TLlM70 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

All Revolutions @RevolutionsHub 6 jan. #epidemic #maoism #terrorism #rape #blackmoney Corruption engulfs #India

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1001portails UK 1001@ptsUK 5 jan.

Kidnap and gang-rape of Japanese

tourist in India is a 'national shame' says Indian minister http://j.mp/1AhaI9r 1 Retweet 0 Favorites scottMontgomery @scottMontgomery 5 jan.

Indian police arrest 3 for gang rape of Japanese scholar (from @AP) #india http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_268812/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=XcZ121T4…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Syed-Makki Shah @SyedMakkiShah 5 jan.

Indian Village panchayat orders marriage and rape of girl. http://m.ibnlive.com/ news/up-brothersinlaw-rape-newlymarried-woman-for-honour/ 410380-3.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Travel News @In_TheNews 5 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey http://buff.ly/1AwS8Jl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Women's Power' Book @WomensPowerBook 5 jan. #Gangrape #bus With #sexualrevolutionplus raging like a bull & rape forming an epidemic how do Indian women feel http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Faith-Atheism Centre @FaithAtheismCen 5 jan. #sexuarevolutionplus Bus gang rape of a medical student in rape capital Delhi stirs India: Tragedies of Indian women http://bit.ly/SzW9qC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites BJP Scams 2014-19 @BJPScams 5 jan.

Mr. Arun Jaitley, Rape isnt small incidents, World is watching you, So what if Indian Media doesnt cover it..

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http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/04/asia/ india-tourist-rape-accusations/index.html…

6 Retweets 2 Favorites Betty Willis @Betty313 5 jan.

Indian minister: Kidnap and gang-rape of tourist is 'national shame' http://dailym.ai/ 14dorAb via @MailOnline #violenceagainstwomen 0 Retweet 0 Favorites #Kolkata @hashCalcutta 5 jan.

Indian police arrest 5 men over 'monthlong rape' of Japanese tourist - International Business Times UK http://ift.tt/1ysebBd #Calcutta 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daily Mail Online @MailOnline 5 jan.

Indian minister brands kidnap and gangrape of Japanese tourist a 'national shame' http://dailym.ai/1tJUELq 26 Retweets 14 Favorites theindiantrumpet @happytooting 5 jan.

2015: Has anything changed?The Indian Trumpet brings back its 'Let's #fight this #plague: RAPE' #edition #TrumpetToot Prtst-Delhi gng rape, Fight Against Rape, Fight Against Rape!! et 6 autres DV TEARS @GerhardTimothy 5 jan.

Latest rape case adds to fears for Indian tourism industry - http://goo.gl/alerts/3tG3 #GoogleAlerts 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Asena Duman @AsenaDuman12 5 jan.

"Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey " ELLEN BARRY and NIDA NAJAR http://www.nytimes.com/ 2015/01/05/world/india-rape-caseechoes-claims-of-tourists-as-prey.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

The Posse List @PosseList 5 jan.

Stay the hell out of India - "Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey" http://goo.gl/uJzIaZ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 5 jan.

Indian Rape Case echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey | The New York Times http://nyti.ms/1vPFVJa 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The News Hype @TheNewsHype 5 jan. #World: India arrests five for kidnap and rape of Japanese woman: Indian police have arreste… http://usat.ly/1xuaHwO via .@TheNewsHype 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DTN World News @DTNWorldNews 5 jan.

DTN World News: India arrests five for kidnap and rape of Japanese woman: Indian police have arrested five men… http://usat.ly/1vSOWRT 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Patrick Provencher @PatrickProvench 5 jan.

Indian comic creates female superhero to tackle rape | @scoopit http://sco.lt/8WC9Gj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matt Hensler @mjhensler 5 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey via @nytimes: http://ift.tt/1vPFpLl #trending #news 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Baron Basil Brush @fox66 5 jan.

RT @nytimes: India Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey http://flip.it/ bimF4 #Indian have been ripping off tourist for decades

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites abi @abinesh 5 jan.

"Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey " by ELLEN BARRY and NIDA NAJAR via NYT http://ift.tt/1vPFpLl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites John Goodman @JohnLGoodman 5 jan.

Not brought to you by the India Tourist Bureau: Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey http://nyti.ms/ 1ypPdlX 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Greg Benchwick @greentravels 5 jan. #travel. Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey: Five men were arrested after a to… http://nyti.ms/ 1xIXiPV @nytimestravel.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rohit Lal @rohit_l 5 jan.

Rape of 14 year old girl by Indian policemen a chilling reminder of the male chauvinistic mindset http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ Rape-by-Badaun-cops-a-chillingreminder-of-the-1970s-mindset/articleshow/45754982.cms…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jim Corbett @mozartplayer 5 jan.

Indian Rape Case Echoes Claims of Tourists as Prey (Women tourists safer in Detroit than India?) http://nyti.ms/ 1Bysimn

2015-01-01

LOVESICK WOMAN STAYS IN KFC FOR ONE WEEK This appears to have first been cited in the Daily Mail, with images and quotes coming from CEN. Looks like http://www.1635656.com/mmzx/ 2014-1024-180.html is the original source.

7 ← Summary

277

Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-2803459/ Comfort-eating-Chinese-woman-26-spends-entire-WEEK-KFC-dumped -boyfriend.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2803459/Comfort-eatingChinese-woman-26-spends-entire-WEEK-KFC-dumpedboyfriend.html

Comfort eating? Chinese woman, 26, spends an entire WEEK in KFC after being dumped by boyfriend Published: 15:01 GMT, 01 January 2015 Lovesick Tan Shen, 26, went to the fast food chain in search of some comfort food to get over the break-upShe even phoned in sick to work to stay at the restaurant. Tan said: ‘I was walking around feeling miserable and decided to stop off at the KFC at the train station.'I hadn’t planned on staying there long, I just wanted some chicken wings.

'But once I got in there and started eating I decided I needed time to think.'I didn’t want to go back to my apartment because it was full of memories of him. So I stayed.'After a few days employees at the chicken shop began to worry about Tan. For seven days Tan ordered chicken wings with extra large fries at the KFC near a train station by her home Tan said she stayed at the fast food restaurant for so long because she 'needed time to think'Worker Jiang Li Lung, 22, said: 'We work in shifts here and the restaurant is open 24 hours a day, so we get a lot of people coming through.'At first no one really noticed her.'But after a few days I began thinking she looked really familiar.'Then I realised we had been serving her for the past three days and that she hadn’t actually left.'When we asked her if she was ok, she said she was and just needed time to think.'And then asked for another box of chicken wings with extra large fries.'

Tan even called in sick to her work so she could spent time at the KFC recovering from her break-upHe said the Tan was doing no 278

harm eating her way through boxes of chicken so they let her stay.He added: 'She was after all a paying customer, even if a bit of an odd one.'Tan decided she had had enough when local media turned up after a week at the KFC. And, unsurprisingly, she was starting to get sick of the taste of chicken. 'I decided the best thing to do would be to leave the city and go back to my parents.

It was only after a week that Tan decided she was 'sick of the taste of chicken' and she went home'I had already told work I was off sick, so phoned them and said I was leaving.'And I was getting sick of the taste of chicken so there was no point in staying there anymore.'She then boarded the next train to her parents' home in Quingdao city in east China’s Shandong Province and left.Waitress Jiang Li Lung said: 'I guess we kind of miss her. It certainly made work more interesting.'

The rumor has been shared 358913 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. ms @jaellernej 24 jan. 얼마나 상심이 컸으면 튀김닭을 먹으며 KFC에서 생각할 시간을 갖았을까. 그녀 에게 새로운 사랑이 나타나기를 ㅋㅋ https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Alia Mandeville @aLia_MaNdEviLLe 21 jan.

I'd anyone needs me I'll b with this chick https://ca.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites CBC Radio 2 Morning @CBCR2Morning 22 jan.

Love can make you sick, eating fried chicken for a week will make you sicker.

A story of heartbreak at KFC http://ow.ly/

279

EGJ8H 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Andrew @MustChup 21 jan.

Lovesick woman spends week in KFC after breakup http://ow.ly/DQTaB 0 Retweet 0 Favorites El Lenguajeta (RNE) @Lenguajeta 21 jan.

NO·TICIAS: Una mujer, abandonada por su novio, se refugia en un KFC. El muerto al hoyo, y la viuda al pollo. http://ow.ly/ ECSeW 1 Retweet 3 Favorites Juampi del Bosque @juampidelbosque 18 jan.

La dejó el novio y estuvo una semana seguida en Kentucky Fried Chicken. Un montón de acá re harían eso. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-in-

kfc-131549197.html#kigKJdd… 1 Retweet 3 Favorites

28 Retweets 24 Favorites

Gazpacho Agridulce @Gazpacho_Agri 18 jan.

Chica china se pasa una semana en un KFC 24h para curar su corazón roto… https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#uCmbkq1… #wtfchina 5 Retweets 3 Favorites savannah Reynolds @savannahReynol2 12 jan. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#hZ5Hoop… #lolwut 0 Retweet 0 Favorites yung grandma @becagrimm 10 jan.

Same: https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ lovesick-chinese-woman--26--dumpedby-boyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#kse8NsQ… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sofia G-W @sofiafgw 7 jan. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#lQFqVvN… this gal got dumped by her fella and stayed in KFC for a week eating chicken ahahahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahah 2 Retweets 2 Favorites fan爷. @kumiirawr 2 jan.

Chinese woman, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#E7Lv3xR… via @YahooNewsUK this is me in the future

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SeanNorris @SeanNorris5 31 jan.

RT @DavidNelsonNews Woman dumped by boyfriend spent entire week in a KFC eating chicken wings: https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#Uh4DNeX… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Manteca Bulletin @mantecabulletin 29 jan.

Lovesick woman spends week in KFC after breakup http://ow.ly/Dirha 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tash McFash @tashmcfash 28 jan.

Kentucky Fried Heartache! Poor girl. http://ow.ly/DdLcT What's the craziest thing you've ever done after a breakup?

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Robert Carey @bobcareyfta 28 jan.

Lovesick Chinese woman, 26, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC Yahoo News UK https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#tPtkULJ… via @YahooNewsUK 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Signe Elin Gram @silentsaliva 28 jan.

Dagens tragikomiske historie: Kinesisk kvinde bliver droppet af sin kæreste og tilbringer en uge (!) i @kfc. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#0Ha74ZP… 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Tom Brennan @ThatTomBrennan 27 jan.

If you were dumped by your boyfriend where would you go? Me? I'd go to a KFC for a week: http://yhoo.it/1rJTtF2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites wai keong ng @keongng 27 jan. so I finally read up on this story, and it's actually not that bad? A bit weird, but it wasn't as if she was eat… http://ift.tt/ 12RG48k 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ayub ? @AJ93__ 27 jan. “@YahooNewsUK: Lovesick Chinese woman dumped by bf spends entire week in KFC: http://yhoo.it/1sLfIgr ” Y is this news?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mike Miller @mjmiller93550 27 jan.

KFC is the comforting place after the breakup. Wish I knew that about 8 years ago! LOL http://fb.me/1oRjLrTWn 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Farhad Bahram @FarhadBahram 27 jan.

I suggest Hot Mama's Wings for any 'needed time to think’ project in Eugene! http://fb.me/3TTPOGQFX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

kfc-131549197.html#ThhZGkb… 0 Retweet 2 Favorites gmenace @pumpthevolume 26 jan. @missleebs thinks @caityweaver should co-write a book with the woman who spent an entire week at a KFC https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lilly Prince @lilly_prince12 26 jan.

I thought this was an Onion article.

"Lovesick Chinese woman, 26, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC": http://yhoo.it/1yDACju 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Starving Artist @blerghhh 26 jan.

I think I now know why $YUM bounced off it's lows! What do you think @nachoswithsalsa @PC_Trades https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#iSI7yyX… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Nicole Berg @NicoleBergMN 27 jan.

This girl knows how to handle a break up. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Ryoko Uyama @RyokoUyama 26 jan.

I will join her to cheer her up! Lovesick Chinese woman dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#uwlTbSx… 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Anthony Alsop @anthonyalsop 27 jan.

Embrace the chicken RT @nicchristensen: Lovesick Chinese woman, 26, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ lovesick-chinese-woman--26--dumpedby-boyfriend-spends-entire-week-in-

Mair Williams @MissMairW 26 jan.

We've all been there sister but get the chicken to go #chickenshame #iwillsurvive https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#cHF0f1C…

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0 Retweet 1 Favorites grace @gracemooree_ 26 jan. “@YahooNewsUK: Lovesick Chinese woman dumped by boyf spends entire week in KFC: http://yhoo.it/1sLfIgr ” @abbylloyd_ 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Wasabi Roll And Go @WasabiRollAndGo 26 jan.

Yes, this really happened. We won't let you stay through the night, but you can stay all day if you want. 9… http://fb.me/ 3pVTKSOqa 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Areena Omer @AreenaOmer 26 jan. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html… If you want a good laugh, read this. I can't stress the importance that everyone should read this.

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Alvin Miller @TweetnXAmishGuy 26 jan.

Lovesick woman spends week mourning at KFC http://www.wisn.com/national/ lovesick-woman-spends-week-mourningat-kfc/29284046?absolute=true… via @WISN12News 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Soriano @mmsoriano 26 jan.

Ya me cayó bien esta mujer: "Mujer china, 26, abandonada por su novio, se pasa una semana entera en @kfc" https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#7Jd3aci…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Sudeep Sharma @sudeepLA 26 jan.

Sometimes we don't get the hero we de-

282

serve, but the hero we need https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#RnRM7m8…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Shannon McKenzie @ShanenMckenzy 26 jan.

If I spent the weekend at KFC, I'd feel better too..Lovesick woman, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites MFAM @mfambloggette 26 jan.

I have a lot of unanswered questions about this one. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Alliyah @_alliyaht 02 jan.

Shoulda went to Popeye's. RT @caribnews: Woman dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in a KFC http://yhoo.it/1yyu9GM 0 Retweet 1 Favorites 94.7 WMAS 947@WMASFM 02 jan.

How did you get through your toughest breakup? I started boxing. It was a win/ win! - Robyn Lee http://fb.me/6V6i3V5vl 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Jennifer Thang @jenniferthang 02 jan.

Well, that's one way to wallow: a whole lot of comfort food. #KFC #chickenlover https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#AwKTP7c…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites toni @tonitje 02 jan.

Sometimes you just have to eat your feelings. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ lovesick-chinese-woman--26--dumpedby-boyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#eCK04GW… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Baba Brooksy @bababrooksy 02 jan.

There are so many parts of this that I enjoyed/somethinged. "Lovesick Chinese woman, 26, spends entire week in KFC" https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#zSin3oG… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites American K-Pop Fans @AKPF 02 jan.

When we asked her if she was ok, she said she was and just needed time to think.' 'And then asked for another… http://fb.me/730jOxY0r 0 Retweet 1 Favorites maryel.atsinagro @maryelatsinagro 02 jan. grabe.. mas lalong miserable kung magtatagal pa sya dun… http://fb.me/74YArhNB1 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gennady @iFortknox 02 jan.

Lovesick Chinese woman, 26, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#3Pu1RhW… 1 Retweet 0 Favorites CaribNews/PuertoRico @caribnews 02 jan.

Woman dumped by boyfriend spends entire week inside a KFC restaurant

283

http://yhoo.it/1yyu9GM 12 Retweets 1 Favorites Isabelle Chapman @Isa_Chapman 02 jan.

Sometimes people get heartbroken. And sometimes they spend a week at KFC trying to heal. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#ayqTnwU… 1 Retweet 2 Favorites Noodle @Noodlist 02 jan. ‫دختر چينيه بعد از اين که دوست پسرش باهاش بهم‬ ‫می‌ره يه هفته بست می‌شينه رستوران کی اف‬،‫می‌زنه‬ ‫سی‬. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#4RB2PaJ… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lady Nym @MeowaMo 02 jan.

I thought this was going to be funny but it got really sad really fast https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#29sswPo… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jacob Fredrickson @jacobTfred 02 jan.

I feel ya pain sista. Just keep eating those spicy strips now, it'll all be fine soon. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ lovesick-chinese-woman--26--dumpedby-boyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jamin Thompson @jaminthompson 02 jan.

I have always known this…but now it's official…FRIED CHICKEN HAS HEALING POWERS YOU GUYS

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#ZiebEqR… 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

PEBA Awards @pebawards 02 jan.

Kung si ate isang linggong kumain ng KFC pagkatapos mag break ng boyfriend niya, Kayo kapeba, anong kayang gawin… http://fb.me/4h5rbeeFm 0 Retweet 0 Favorites xandeelovessandy @xandeelicious 02 jan.

Legit? Poor girl tho. Hope she's fine now.

Lovesick Chinese woman, 26, dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC https://ph.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites clare @kcmurcia 02 jan.

“Woman dumped by boyfriend spent entire week in a KFC eating chicken wings: https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lovesickchinese-woman--26--dumped-byboyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#Uh4DNeX… ” same 0 Retweet 3 Favorites Roselyn Felizardo @myejhealwoo 02 jan. #KFC pa mooooore http://fb.me/1zimA5Eu2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites rararachel @rararachel 02 jan.

"Best story of the year because, come on, who hasn't been there? - Maggie" lololol https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ lovesick-chinese-woman--26--dumpedby-boyfriend-spends-entire-week-inkfc-131549197.html#vcaU0cp… @YahooNewsUK

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♛King Vic @KingViccc 02 jan. “@YahooNewsUK: Lovesick Chinese woman dumped by boyfriend spends entire week in KFC: http://yhoo.it/1sLfIgr ” LMFAO

2015-01-03

FBI AGENTS ARRESTED PARTYGOERS IN A RAID ON A 'PIG BROTHEL' IN MISSOURI It originated on World Daily News, a fake news website.

7 ← Summary

285

Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-during-fbi-raid/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/missouri-pig-brothel-dismantledduring-fbi-raid/

Missouri Pig Brothel Dismantled During FBI Raid January 2nd, 2015 | by Bob Flanagan Rolla, MO | FBI agents cracked down on unsuspecting New Year’s Eve party goers at a Missouri pig farm yesterday where more than 40 arrests were made over allegations of bestiality and animal cruelty.

Suspected for sometime by local authorities of running a pig farm functioning as an underground pig brothel, where clients paid for sexual services with the farm animals, the 67-year old farm owner was arrested with two of his sons and some 30 guests who were present to celebrate the New Year’s Eve. Caught in full action during the night of New Year’s Eve, the FBI raid engaged more than 16 agents in what local officials believe to be the biggest crack down on an animal brothel in American history.

Hundreds of piglets were forced into sexual acts with clients of the pig brothel Local authorities fear a recrudescence in sexual deviant behavior with animals in the region since this is the third animal brothel to be closed down in recent months in the area.

“We can’t explain why animal brothels seem to be in high demand in the region” explains psychologist Dane Banff. “That human beings are allowed to unleash their wildest fantasies in such a context, even though illegal, might prevent such abuses as rape from being committed” she admits. “But at the same time, having sexual relations with pigs and other animals is not considered to be a healthy behavior and should not be encouraged” she acknowledges.

The farmer and his sons could spend up to five years in prison expect legal experts.

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The rumor has been shared 55214 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. §13 @paragraf_13 5 jan.

USA. FBI stormar vad som beskrivs som ”den största djurbordellen i amerikansk historia”. http://tacticalshit.com/missouripig-brothel-dismantled-fbi-raid/…

3 Retweets 1 Favorites AnimalRescueCrusade @ARCrusade 4 jan.

Missouri pig brothel dismantled http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-duringfbi-raid/…

5 Retweets 2 Favorites We The People @Armymiddleclass 4 jan.

This pig should resign or be fired---Missouri lawmaker hit for 'white privilege' remarks on social media http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/01/ 04/missouri-lawmaker-faces-criticism-formore-controversial-post-fergusonremarks/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Melissa Ulto @miixxy 4 jan.

Ok internet I'm done for the week http://fb.me/72gxFqGdd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Chris in STL @seeeek 4 jan. @senatordempsey Why hasn't this racist pig been censored? She's embarrassing the state and the Senate. http://www.examiner.com/article/electedmissouri-democrat-threatens-voters-overwhite-privilege-on-twitter…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Meirav Devash @MeiravDevash 4 jan.

Please tell me this is not what Missouri is

287

like, @amykellerlaird. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-duringfbi-raid/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ron Krasnow @BrooklynRon 4 jan.

A pig brothel in Missouri was raided by the police. Also shut down was the chopped liver glory hole reserved for their Jewish clientele.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Drew Grant @videodrew 4 jan. Brooklyn, NY" pig brothel proves we're even closer to #blackmirror dystopia than even @megsokay predicted. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-duringfbi-raid/… cc @charltonbrooker 0 Retweet 1 Favorites david farley @davidfarley 3 jan.

"Pig" and "brothel" are two words I never thought I'd hear/read in succession to one another. (via @daniel_krieger) http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-duringfbi-raid/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites WALLACE BEE @BDOUBLEEKC 3 jan.

Missouri Pig Brothel Dismantled During FBI Raid - http://go.shr.lc/1zJe4N1 via @Shareaholic They wrong for doing the animals like that tho 4 Retweets 0 Favorites Jay Thornton @jaythornton000 3 jan.

Mitzi Brooks, you know any of these

folks? http://fb.me/6XNCbQkwl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Maj. Max Geron @MaxDPD 3 jan.

Surely a contender for headline of the day. @radleybalko http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-duringfbi-raid/…

1 Retweet 3 Favorites Antonin I. Pribetić @APribetic 3 jan.

What is this I don't even RT @onebigrhino: Missouri Pig Brothel Dismantled During FBI Raid - http://go.shr.lc/1zJe4N1 via @Shareaholic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jeffrey Veregge @JeffreyVeregge 3 jan.

Missouri Pig Brothel Dismantled During FBI Raid - http://go.shr.lc/1zJe4N1 via @Shareaholic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Christopher Sebela @xtop 3 jan.

Hit a wrong link and saw a news headline as I was closing the tab that had the words Pig Brothel, Missouri and FBI. Kinda never want to know 0 Retweet 7 Favorites Garrett @AnimatedGamers1 3 jan.

I liked a @YouTube video http://youtu.be/_7bwonpsKQA?a Tennessee Highlights vs. Missouri - Pig Howard Reception 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Circle B Ranch @Circlebpork 2 jan.

Sad day for MO! A pig brothel! How low can you go? http://fb.me/1rSAdqwJ9 8 Retweets 1 Favorites Will @WillSecurity 7 jan. ok wtf? Big Brothel… PIG BROTHEL http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/

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missouri-pig-brothel-dismantled-duringfbi-raid/… care of @ltawfall 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

2015-01-14

A WOMAN CUT OFF HER HUSBAND'S PENIS TWICE It appears to have been first reported by Chinese website HNR.cn. That page uses images that have a Weibo watermark on them, which suggests HNR found the story via a post on that social network. But the account linked in the watermark appears to not exist: http://weibo.co/ shangquinadianshi. (Perhaps it did before; or not.) The HRN story was published on December 31, 2014. It made its way into the English press on Jan. 13 thanks to Central European News, a news service that has been the source of suspect reports in the past. CEN removed the original watermarks before distributing the photos.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

289

Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://news.hnr.cn/dj/201412/ t20141231_1774070.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://news.hnr.cn/dj/201412/t20141231_1774070.html

网传“一名男子被剪下体当街暴打妻 子”基本属实 2014-12-31 15:39 来源：映象网 映象网讯（记者 胡倩 何鹏 曾岩/文图）12月30日晚，河南商丘市网友 “商丘那点事”爆料：当天傍晚，该市株洲路公疗医院门口，一名男子下 体流血，当街暴打一女子，怀疑男子“被阉了”，被众多网友关注。31日 上午，记者核实，该网友爆料基本属实。 据记者了解，网友所说的这家医院位于商丘市株洲路与芙蓉路交叉口， 不过，不是商丘市公疗医院，而是商丘市中心医院，“公疗医院”是其前 名。几名 目击者告诉记者，当时看到男子赤身裸体在医院门口的街头， 大腿全是鲜血，顺着腿呼呼往下流，发疯一样暴打一名女子，这名被打 的女子正是他的妻子。 记者进而获悉，这名男子姓范，夏邑县人，今年32岁，已婚，生育了5个 小孩（4个女儿、1个儿子，大女儿已12岁，小儿子才1岁多），却又找 了一个年仅21岁的张姓小三。某日，范某使用妻子的手机，张某用这部 手机上网，忘记了下线，两人的关系就这样被妻子发现。 三天前，妻子 愤怒操起剪刀，将范某的下体剪断，范某紧急到中心医院接上。不料， 30日傍晚，妻子趁范某在病房里睡觉，溜进病房，又一次用剪刀将其下 体剪断。范某一怒之下，当街暴打妻子。 打人事件发生后，路人报警，警方迅速赶到现场，与医生和众多围观者 一起，打着手电筒到处帮范某找下体，不幸没有找到，下体“彻底失踪 了”。 30日晚，由于范某下体血流不止，伤情很严重，紧急从商丘市中心医院 转院到商丘市第一人民医院，接受了几个小时的手术。目前，范某的伤 情稳定，已无生命危险，但是情绪极不稳定，悲痛欲绝，他的妻子已被 警方带走。 “他老婆有精神病，他马上就会和她离婚！”31日上午，记者 在医院见到了21岁的张某，她正在医院照顾范某，不离不弃。这位年轻 女孩说，这次下定决心与范某结婚了，“就算以后没有生育能力了也没 事，反正他已经有5个小孩”。 责编：王嘉懿

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The rumor has been shared 344218 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

RSVP Magazine @RSVPMagazine 15 jan.

OUCH!!! Man gets his penis off twice by his partner….. http://bit.ly/1CcfAcW 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Katie Smokes @KtSmokesHydro 15 jan. fuck around and have your wife cut off your penis. ROUGH. 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 15 jan.

Unverified claim that a woman cut off her husband's penis has over 230K shares to date: http://buff.ly/17Jsruf 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Ryn C. @Ryn_writes 15 jan.

Just read news about a Thai man killed another man, then cut off his penis because he slept with his wife.

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Nick Fox @NickFoxRadio 15 jan. Mobile, AL" #ScrewyNews This story about a guy that gets his manhood cut off is nuts! http://metro.co.uk/2015/01/13/wifechops-off-cheating-husbands-penistwice-then-stray-animal-stealsit-5020655/…

6 Retweets 3 Favorites RSVP Magazine @RSVPMagazine 15 jan.

Man gets his penis off TWICE and lives!

Lesson Learned #NeverCheat #AWomanScorned Read here: http://rsvpmagazine.ie/man-china-getpenis-cut-twice-cheating-wife/…

3 Retweets 4 Favorites

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Irish Examiner @irishexaminer 15 jan.

Cheating Chinese hubby gets penis cut off by wife — twice | http://exa.mn/hlk (DOD) 3 Retweets 0 Favorites BlackMediaScoop @BlackMediaSCOOP 15 jan.

MAD WIFE catches hubby cheating + CUT OFF his penis + docs sew it back on + she CUTS if off again http://ow.ly/ HiFdB 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Harvey Jenkins MD @bodysculptorokc 15 jan.

In something straight out an episode of CHOPPERS, a Wife Chops off 2-timing dad-of-fives' "BIDNESS', & chops it… http://fb.me/6XlD0PDv5 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daz @Dollar1075 14 jan.

A wife in China cut off her cheating husbands penis & then snuck into the hospital, after they had sewn it back on, and chopped it off again 4 Retweets 6 Favorites Reality Wives UK @realitywivesuk 14 jan.

Wife Chops Off Cheating Husband’s Penis After He Cheated; Then Cut It Off AGAIN After Surgeons Reattached It http://realwiv.es/1Ag1cOP 7 Retweets 5 Favorites Cooper Fleishman @_Cooper 14 jan. ( ＾◡＾)っ╰⋃╯ RT @Gawker: Cheating man's wife reportedly cut off his dick twice in one night. http://gaw.kr/PuE1CBI

0 Retweet 4 Favorites Gawker @Gawker 14 jan.

Cheating man's wife reportedly cut off his dick twice in one night. http://gaw.kr/ PuE1CBI 27 Retweets 22 Favorites EDGE Media Network @EdgeMediaNet 14 jan.

A wife from China cut off her husband's penis twice after learning he was cheating on her http://bit.ly/1yhRM8Q 0 Retweet 0 Favorites My Life Is Bro @mylifeisbro 14 jan.

This Chinese dude got his dick cut off…twice by his crazy wife http://www.fafmag.com/entertainment/ chinese-woman-cut-cheating-husbandspenis-off-scissors-twice/15018/…

3 Retweets 4 Favorites Malaysian Insider @tm_insider 14 jan.

Painful payback as scorned wife claims husband’s manhood… twice: A Chinese woman cut off her husband's penis a… http://bit.ly/14zkDZL 2 Retweets 7 Favorites Lance @SportsGuyLance 14 jan.

Told my wife about the cheating man getting his penis cut off twice and she says…serves him right" Um guess who won't be cheating!

2 Retweets 9 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 14 jan.

We're tracking the very viral and very unverfiied claim that a woman cut off her husband's penis -- twice: http://buff.ly/ 1DFvYH2 2 Retweets 2 Favorites The Natural Truth @IAMMGraham 14 jan.

Cut off my penis once, shame on you.

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Cut if off TWICE… http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/worldnews/jilted-wife-chopped-husbandspenis-4969780…

6 Retweets 2 Favorites Sabry @da_sabry 14 jan. @da_sabry ‫الست طلعت قطعته لجوزها علشان‬ ‫ رجعت قطعته تاني‬..‫ ولما الجراح ركبه‬..‫خانها‬.. http://www.facebook.com/ l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail .co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-2908057%2F Wife-chopped-husband-s-penisdiscovered-cheated-cut-surgeonsmanaged-reattachChina.html&h=_AQG3B8vM… 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Mainstreamedia @mainstreamedia 14 jan.

NST NEWS: Wife cuts off husband’s penis… twice!: BEIJING: A Chinese woman cut off her husband’s penis as pay… http://bit.ly/1BoYpXX 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 14 jan.

Man Has Penis Cut Off, Then Cut Off Again During Recovery. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11343851/Man-inChina-recovering-in-hospital-after-wifechopped-off-his-penis.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites richberra @richberra 14 jan.

Chinese wife chopped cheating husband's penis off… twice | Daily Mail Online http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2908057/Wife-chopped-husband-spenis-discovered-cheated-cut-surgeonsmanaged-reattach-China.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites kaveri @ikaveri 14 jan.

Wife chopped cheating husband's penis

off… twice! http://dailym.ai/1IGPK3b via @MailOnline Ouch! But he asked for it!!

8 Retweets 3 Favorites Information Nigeria @infonaija 14 jan.

Chinese wife who caught her husband cheating on her cut off her husband's penis the first time and it was sewn… http://fb.me/1wTsfhoVL 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Daily Star @Daily_Star 14 jan.

Love rat has penis chopped off by his wife – TWICE! http://bit.ly/1wbN7PV 16 Retweets 7 Favorites Yomna @Yomna132 14 jan. ‫صباح الخير يا جماعة ياريت كل واحد يخللى باله من‬ ‫ لغاليغه خصوصا المتجوزين منكم‬:D http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2908057/Wife-chopped-husband-spenis-discovered-cheated-cut-surgeonsmanaged-reattach-China.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites My Life Is Bro @mylifeisbro 14 jan.

This dude got his dick cut off with scissors because his wife is a psycho http://www.fafmag.com/entertainment/ chinese-woman-cut-cheating-husbandspenis-off-scissors-twice/15018/…

1 Retweet 3 Favorites #NoToXenophobia @TumWierdKid 14 jan. Johannesburg, South Africa" 4. The wife then fetched a scissor, seduced him in bed until he was hard and then BOOM, cut the nigga's penis off.

6 Retweets 1 Favorites Ahmad Amin @Manshy 14 jan.

Wife chopped cheating husband's penis off… twice http://dailym.ai/1IGPK3b ‫يا بنت‬ !!‫المجانين‬ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ɔ¡/\ @nyvic26 14 jan.

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No you not niggas RT @ayyyShadi: “@PazMolina: Oh but it's Latinas that are crazy huh http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ news/article-2908057/Wife-choppedhusband-s-penis-discovered-cheatedcut-surgeons-managed-reattachChina.html?ito=social-facebook…” fuck 0 Retweet 0 Favorites gettingsome @gettingsome 14 jan.

Wife chopped off husband's penis after he cheated on her and cut it off again after surgeons reattached it. http://dailym.ai/1xkOEn9 0 Retweet 2 Favorites sacrifier07 @sacrifier07 14 jan. ????????… ????????????? ???????????????????… http://fb.me/ 3soLWjkyS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Global Grind News @GlobalGrindNews 14 jan.

So a woman in China cut off her cheating husband's penis…twice! http://bit.ly/ 14T73lb 30 Retweets 13 Favorites The Daily Record @Daily_Record 13 jan.

Revealed: Man had penis cut off with scissors TWICE after wife found out he had been cheating http://dlyr.ec/TSZkGB 10 Retweets 6 Favorites The Sun @TheSunNewspaper 13 jan.

A jilted wife is accused of chopping off her cheating husband’s willy – TWICE. http://sunpl.us/6018x1SC 10 Retweets 8 Favorites ProfB @AntheaButler 13 jan.

We will also talk about the woman who cut her husband's penis off TWICE on @AcademicShade http://ow.ly/HgVgw #damn

3 Retweets 3 Favorites Jak Saw @jakstyle33 13 jan.

Ehhhh abakyala these days bakambwe! http://fb.me/1zL6dPNBL 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MichaelRapaport @MichaelRapaport 13 jan.

This WILL definitely get a loud & proud WIGGA PLEASE© Cut money's Di*k not once…twice: http://nyp.st/1waYc3Y 0 Retweet 2 Favorites ChuckyT3 @ChuckyT3 13 jan.

Cheating man's penis cut off by angry wife; Man goes to hospital for reattachment; wife sneaks in, cuts it back off http://nyp.st/1waYc3Y 9 Retweets 0 Favorites αμμΩ™ @ammofr 13 jan.

In today's news: "A wife cut off her husband dick and broke into his hospital room and cut it off again. http://nypost.com/2015/01/13/wife-chopsoff-cheating-husbands-penistwice/?src=worldsbestever…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mady Yonas @Madyyon 13 jan.

Wife chopped cheating husband's penis off… twice! :) :) ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????! http://dailym.ai/ 1IGPK3b via @MailOnline 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ‫@زانيّتي‬ilZanetti 13 jan. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2908057/Wife-chopped-husband-spenis-discovered-cheated-cut-surgeonsmanaged-reattachChina.html?ito=social-facebook… ‫ولما رمته‬ ‫من الشارع كلب كله كمان‬ 9 Retweets 3 Favorites RANsquawk @RANsquawk 13 jan.

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http://nypost.com/2015/01/13/wife-chopsoff-cheating-husbands-penis-twice/… A lady chopped off her husband’s #penis then snuck into his hospital room after it was sewn back on and cut it again 6 Retweets 0 Favorites The Scottish Sun @ScottishSun 13 jan.

Ouch! Love rat hubby has manhood cut off by wife…TWICE http://bit.ly/1IqhY47 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Geoff Herbert @deafgeoff 13 jan.

Chinese woman cuts off cheating husband's penis, then cuts it off again after docs reattached it http://ow.ly/HfsMf 3 Retweets 2 Favorites The Mass Deception @MassDeception1 13 jan.

Wife cuts off cheating husband's penis – TWICE http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/ latest-news/419850/Wife-penis-cut-offcheating…

18 Retweets 6 Favorites English Cad @englishcad 13 jan. http://dailym.ai/1IGPK3b Eek, yikes, nooooooooooooo….

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daily Mail Online @MailOnline 13 jan.

Woman chops off cheating husband's penis… twice http://dailym.ai/1BX7x64 86 Retweets 33 Favorites The Sun @TheSunNewspaper 13 jan.

A jilted wife is accused of chopping off her cheating husband’s willy – TWICE. http://sunpl.us/6011x1VR 11 Retweets 3 Favorites Before It's News @beforeitsnews 10 jan.

Nude Man Beats Wife on Street After She Cut Off His Penis http://b4in.org/

gE9U 3 Retweets 1 Favorites z @Black1DFan 17 dec.

Back in the day you would get your penis cut off for messing with master's wife but that's none of my business i just woke up 12 Retweets 18 Favorites

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2015-01-15

A MAN CAUGHT STEALING WOMEN'S UNDERWEAR WAS FORCED TO WEAR IT AND WALK AROUND IN PUBLIC The Daily Mirror was first to run the story in the English press, on Jan. 14. It credits the photos to Central European News, an agency that has been the source of suspect and fake content in the past.

Many of the quotes used in the story are of concern. It's unclear whether the Mirror or CEN gathered them, or if they come from another source. The quotes also seem too perfect to have come from real interviews. In one example, an unnamed police official in Singapore supposedly said, "We don't condone vigilante activity but in this case it

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 375

seems to have turned out OK." Would a police official really say that?

We continue to gather evidence for and against and will update.

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The rumor first appeared on: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/ furious-women-set-trap-underwear-4979426 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/furious-women-set-trapunderwear-4979426

Furious women set trap for 'underwear thief' then shame him in public 17:59, 14 January 2015 By Gareth Roberts An alleged underwear thief who supposedly targeted woman's lingerie left out to dry has been publicly shamed after being caught red-handed.Chan Chun Chee, 32, was forced to walk around a block of flats in Singapore with bras and undies hanging from his neck after residents laid a trap following a spate of kinky thefts.Local man Teo Goh, 56, said: "We first became suspicious after my wife found one of her bras missing when she woke up in the morning."Over the next couple of weeks other residents began noticing lingerie being stolen either from courtyards or balconies and we realised there was a serial thief at work."We realised he was targeting windows where he knew women lived."

Knowing that the perverted prowler would be watching, the residents arranged for a woman to leave some of her freshlywashed underwear by an open window to dry.Goh explained: "He came at around midnight and as soon as he was in the room we grabbed him, forced him to wear the girlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lingeries and then frogmarched him from door to door making him confess what he had done and to promise he would never do it again."And then we called the police."A police spokesman said: "We don't condone vigilante activity but in this case it seems to have turned out OK."The man now faces three years jail for breaking and entry and theft.

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The rumor has been shared 1200 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Conservative Nation @Conserve_USA 21 jan.

Pervy Underwear Thief’s Public Punishment By Neighborhood Locals Is the Ultimate Poetic Justice: And now… http://bit.ly/1yJhYaY #tcot 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Singapore @SingapoRRe 21 jan.

Underwear thief publicly shamed, AsiaOne Singapore News http://rightrelevance.com/?q=tab_type=2 &&searchType=feeds☆t=0&rows=30&lo cation=&isPerson=&articleId%3D7ea987 ab5a74b239469e36530eb3784815a516 82%26value%3Dsingapore%26taccount %3Dsingaporre%26topic%3Dsingapore …

1 Retweet 0 Favorites scoo.ps @scoo_ps 21 jan. (asiaone) Underwear thief publicly shamed http://scoo.ps/1JetT3w 0 Retweet 0 Favorites AsiaOne @sphasiaone 21 jan.

Underwear thief made to walk around in bras after getting caught http://shar.es/ 1bd9Ae 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Occupy Singapore @occupysg 21 jan.

Singaporean Women Set Trap for Underwear Thief then Shame Him when Caught http://bit.ly/1yGEb9P 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Comptes Tout afficher 팬티도둑 Tweets protégés

ㅇㅅㅇ* "Simek @simshrops 19 jan.

Underwear thief of Jogues part 2?

0 Retweet 9 Favorites "Adobo Talk PH @AdoboTalkPH 19 jan.

EARLIER: Singapore Underwear Thief Forced to Walk Around in Stolen Bras (PHOTOS) http://bit.ly/1BUhUaX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites "Roy @david85roy 19 jan.

Underwear thief forced to walk around the block wearing the bras he stole http://metro.co.uk/2015/01/14/publicshaming-underwear-thief-forced-towalk-around-the-block-wearing-thebras-he-stole-5021898/… via @MetroUK @GrayBMin 0 Retweet 1 Favorites "DEE JAY TUNZY EKO FM @DEEJAYTUNZY 17 jan. #KokoVibes Underwear Thief arrested

by Angry Women and disgrace in Public http://bit.ly/1BGwT8v |ff @KokoVibesDOTcom 0 Retweet 0 Favorites "E .Z. E @A_zay_1 17 jan.

Underwear Thief arrested by Angry Women and disgrace in Public http://dlvr.it/87YV1h 0 Retweet 0 Favorites "One Direction 1_______@d_4ever 17 jan.

One Direction Underwear Thief: One Direction Underwear Thief The boy band was faced with a strange burglary, a… http://bit.ly/1GcDwn8

@underwear_thief

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0 Retweet 1 Favorites "Agagooga @gssq 17 jan.

"Vivian*♪∞ @MusicAegyo07 16 jan.

Prolific lingerie thief uncovered when ceiling gave way under strain of hoard http://j.mp/1ASZPZd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites "Black Widow Natasha @FatalWidow 17 jan.

What happened to the underwear thief? — The what? Who's the underwear thief? I don't wear underwear am not a guy… http://ask.fm/a/bopc8g72 0 Retweet 0 Favorites "rachel @rachel_sodemann 16 jan.

JESSICA RIFE IS A THIEF!! NO ONE BEFRIEND HER SHE STEALS WEED, UNDERWEAR, BATHING SUITS, BELLY RINGS. Anything she can get her hands on!

0 Retweet 18 Favorites "CityNews @citynewsng 16 jan.

Women Set Trap For ‘Underwear Thief’ Then Shame Him Publicly http://citypeoplenews.com/womenset-trap-for-underwear-thief-thenshame-him-publicly/… via @citypeoplenews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites "Malta @Malta 16 jan. http://independent.com.mt : Underwear thief forced to walk around the block wearing the bras he stole http://xn--8da.net/15cCZAzċ.net/15cCZAz 0 Retweet 1 Favorites "Cupid4lyf @PaulCommey 16 jan.

Underwear Thief Trapped And Shamed In Public: An alleged underwear thief who supposedly targeted woman's linge… http://bit.ly/1BAD9OZ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Beware of Min Yoongi a.k.a Suga The Underwear Thief Lire 2 Retweets 4 Favorites JointArena.com @JointArena 15 jan.

Angry Women Set trap for 'Underwear Thief' then disgrace him in Public [PHOTOS] http://www.jointsarena.net/2015/01/ angry-women-set-trap-forunderwear.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 15 jan.

UNVERIFIED: Man caught stealing women's underwear, forced to wear it in public. http://buff.ly/1KNYM2c 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 15 jan.

New Unverified Claim: "A man caught stealing women's underwear was forced to wear it and walk around in public" http://buff.ly/1Cr6eut 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Today's Nigeria @Todays_Nigeria 15 jan.

Busted!! Angry Women Set Trap For 'Underwear Thief' Then Disgrace Him In Public http://goo.gl/fb/vaKddN 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Effiong Eton @effiongeton 15 jan.

Public Shaming Of Underwear Thief As He's Forced To Walk Around Wearing The Bras He Stole | | http://effiongeton.blogspot.com/2015/01/ public-shaming-of-underwear-thiefas.html?spref=tw…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dj Soulmonkey @djsoulmonkey 15 jan.

Hagahahahaha,;)) http://fb.me/7jh2-

suFHX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Metro @MetroUK 14 jan.

An underwear thief was forced to walk around the block wearing the bras he stole http://ow.ly/Hkxnc 38 Retweets 18 Favorites AsbGist Nigeria @asbgist 14 jan.

Latest News: Public shaming: Underwear thief forced to walk around the block wearing the… http://goo.gl/fb/7vFl2I 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mirror Weird News @MirrorWeirdNews 14 jan.

Furious women set trap for 'underwear thief' then shame him in public http://mirr.im/1AfyNZ0 39 Retweets 20 Favorites …david jones @_dpaj 14 jan.

Public shaming: Underwear thief forced to walk around the block wearing the bras he stole http://metro.co.uk/2015/01/ 14/public-shaming-underwear-thiefforced-to-walk-around-the-block-wearingthe-bras-he-stole-5021898/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Charles Tan @charlesatan 13 jan. @halleluyang @eilatan @charibdys cleanse the image w China’s Happosai, complete with ceiling crashing due to lingerie http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chineselingerie-thief-busted-after-ceilingcollapses-under-weight-stolenunderwear-1480630…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Joy @joyly45 12 jan.

Amesbury underwear thief jailed after drunken-driving arrest http://bit.ly/1y4uLWN 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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JVZEL @imJVZEL 8 jan. && my 8 hours of Z's commences….I leave you with Lola…the underwear thief.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Andrew Marcus @AndrewMarcus12 7 jan. @kristy_475 Serial Photobomber, Bra, Underwear & Stockings thief Daniel Andrews Premier of Victoria #springst #auspol 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Andrew Marcus @AndrewMarcus12 6 jan.

Ladies & Gents, I think we have found the elusive bra thief http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/ news/serial-underwear-thief-arrested/ story-e6frg6uo-1111113159388… #auspol #qldpol 1 Retweet 0 Favorites SP City Times @spcitytimes 5 jan.

Police calls include a mailbox fatality, a socks & underwear thief and rude snow shovelers: http://spcitytimes.com/?p=26622 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jan Erickson @Mistress_Jan 3 jan.

This is hilarious~ Parents say Play-Doh toy is phallic; underwear thief's stash smashes ceiling: Odds and ends http://www.oregonlive.com/today/index.ssf/2015/01/parents_say_playdoh_toy_is_ph.html…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Petite Coquine @petitcokine 2 jan.

Underwear Thief Caught After Being Trapped in Avalanche of Lingerie http://dlvr.it/7zxG9Z #video 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Masyhur @masyhurh 1 jan.

Underwear thief caught after ceiling collapses under weight of 2K lingerie |"The Day My Bra Got Stolen" comes to life http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2883345/Underwear-thief-caughtceiling-collapses-weight-2-000-setslingerie-hidden-China.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites BurlyLife @BurlyLife4Ever 1 jan.

Underwear thief in China caught after ceiling collapses under the weight of the lingerie http://buff.ly/1y2NRxm 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Christian Laforce @Lafotoz 31 jan.

Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese panty thief #crime #china http://reut.rs/1CFvf5v 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Meadville Tribune @Meadville_Trib 30 jan.

There truly is an app for everything, apparently — even catching someone rummaging through your underwear drawer. http://www.meadvilletribune.com/cnhi_network/police-video-catches-plumisland-undies-thief-in-the-act/ article_c7acf824-4b91-5fce-988cb4ea03d8fd5a.html…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites 1063 WJSE 1063@WJSE 30 jan. #TDMS Yep this guy got caught with hundreds of stolen panties! http://ow.ly/ GAqXX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites カンダ @propakanda41 30 jan. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2883345/Underwear-thief-caughtceiling-collapses-weight-2-000-setslingerie-hidden-China.html… なんだこれ わw この根性があれば立派に働けるだろ う。 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Ray Heard @RayHeard 29 jan.

Prolific lingerie thief uncovered when ceiling gave way under strain of hoard http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/asia/prolific-underwear-thiefbusted-after-ceiling-drops-from-strain-ofaround-2000-bras-andknickers-9940809.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Meredith Schmidt @magic_meredith 29 jan.

I understand having interesting hobbies, but for real? Collecting undies http://some.ly/YJDBWAd via @happyplace 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Conrad Collaco @ConradCollaco 29 jan. #HamOnt's weirdest crime stories of 2014: the underwear thief & more http://cbc.sh/K5IzPHC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Naila Inayat @nailainayat 29 jan.

Interesting. Prolific underwear thief busted after ceiling collapsed from strain of 2,000 bras http://ind.pn/1sR001C 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Spunky Poopster™ @PurseDreams 29 jan. @okdeadhead @funkyerica @sbkelly9 Cause no one would ever take soiled panties, right? http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2883345/Underwear-thief-caughtceiling-collapses-weight-2-000-setslingerie-hidden-China.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ari Temkin @arisports 28 jan.

Spray Tan and The Underwear Thief are a dynamic duo.

7 Retweets 9 Favorites

9ja Comedy Zone 9@jacomedyzone 28 jan.

Underwear thief who stole 2,000 colourful bras and knickers from neighbours http://bit.ly/13Xq0mf Family Of Five… http://fb.me/6XlpyQbse 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Tim McLaughlin @MacMutual 26 jan.

"Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese panty thief" - http://www.reuters.com/article/ idUSKBN0K204T20141224…

2 Retweets 0 Favorites BlackBox Nigeria @blackboxupdate 26 jan.

How Odd! Ceiling Collapses On Panties Thief: A Chinese man who stole hundreds of pieces of ladies' underwear h… http://bit.ly/1tlHg00 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Marshall @Marshall_I_am 25 jan.

Perverted underwear thief caught when hundreds of stolen used panties fell through the ceiling. http://buff.ly/ 1B41VEx 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Korean Spa in LA @koreanspainla 25 jan.

Chinese lafd BEIJING: A Chinese man who stole hundreds of pieces of ladies' underwear had his secre… http://binged.it/1B6OnrY #koreatown 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Lady Gaga's Hooker @HookersLab 25 jan.

Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese panty thief: A Chinese man who stole hundreds of pieces of ladies' underwear… http://goo.gl/BX1jIY 1 Retweet 0 Favorites 9ja Comedy Zone 9@jacomedyzone 25 jan.

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Underwear thief who stole 2,000 colourful bras and knickers from neighbours http://bit.ly/13Xq0mf Family Of Five… http://fb.me/6XlfZ6cda 1 Retweet 0 Favorites puisisayang @puisi_sayang 25 jan. puisi #sayang Oops… Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese underwear thief http://bit.ly/1EjvDLu terbaru 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jungx @JSJkrysx 25 jan.

Oops… Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese underwear thief http://dlvr.it/ 7wgQD7 0 Retweet 1 Favorites hwngy! @gghwngy 25 jan.

Oops… Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese underwear thief http://dlvr.it/ 7wgKVq 1 Retweet 0 Favorites kohan @kokolohan 25 jan.

Oops… Ceiling collapse exposes Chinese underwear thief http://dlvr.it/ 7wgMBs 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

2015-01-16

A 600-POUND AUSTRALIAN WOMAN GAVE BIRTH TO 40-POUND BABY Fake news website World News Daily Report first published the claim online on Jan. 14.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ australia-600-pound-woman-gives-birth-to-40-pound-baby/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/australia-600-pound-womangives-birth-to-40-pound-baby/

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby January 14th, 2015 | by Bob Flanagan The baby of gigantic size surprised doctors and staff members who were not fully prepared for such an event but miraculously managed to give birth to the 40-pound (18 kilos) baby who remains in a healthy state, has confirmed a hospital spokesman.

The single mother who’s delivery necessitated a surgical incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus was done to prevent any harm to the baby and mother’s health and was undergone without any complications.

The 600-pound woman was brought in emergency by ambulance, her family unable to carry her in an automobile The doctor who practiced the cesarean section first believed the woman to be pregnant with twins or even triplets.

“I have dealt with other women suffering from obesity before but this birth will stick with me until I die” he told reporters with a large grin. “I truly believed there was two or even three babies in there” he commented laughingly, “but no, it was just one big sturdy guy. He obviously has a career as a future rugby player” he added with humor.

The largest recorded baby in the world was previously thought to be a South African baby who is believed to have weighted 38 pounds (17.2 kilos) and was born in 1839. The young boy of Zulu origin is reported to have grown to an impressive 7’6 feet or 2.28 meters high before he reached his 18th birthday.

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The rumor has been shared 403356 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. /dev/null @wijnazijn 19 jan.

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby World News Daily Report - http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ australia-600-pound-woman-gives-birthto-40-pound-baby/… Holy Moly…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kimberly @yeahright0 19 jan.

WOW!!! That's a big'un!! Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby - http://go.shr.lc/1Ix61JK via @Shareaholic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Younilife.com @younilife 18 jan.

600-Pound Woman In #Australia Gives Birth To 40-Pound Baby - That's about 18 Kilogram http://bit.ly/1ubVifv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites mum2mum market @mum2mummarket 17 jan.

OMG! A 600-pound woman has given birth to a 40-pound baby at in Perth- reported to be the largest baby ever… http://fb.me/6wIL6cgb9 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Róisín Flanagan @rositaflangita 17 jan.

Jesus H Christ. 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby http://go.shr.lc/1Ix61JK 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Harry Strutt @Hbombavt 17 jan. @DannyAranha This is going to be your baby. 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby - http://go.shr.lc/1Ix61JK Weaned on cheesecakes.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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helen drane @_drane 17 jan.

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby - http://go.shr.lc/ 1Ix61JK via @Shareaholic good grief!!!

That's nearly 3 stone!

1 Retweet 0 Favorites The DADventurer @The_dadventurer 16 jan.

Woman gives birth to 40 pound baby - no amount of pelvic floor exercises are getting you back to normal after that! http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ australia-600-pound-woman-gives-birthto-40-pound-baby/…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites May 14th @Zarzaur 16 jan. “@kimberly_jester: God forbid I ever push a 40 pound baby out of me ” this baby didn't even get a chance to be skinny 0 Retweet 0 Favorites kelly @kellybello230 16 jan.

600-POUND WOMAN GIVES BIRTH TO 40-POUND BABY: A 600-pound woman has given birth to a 40-pound baby at Perth’s… http://bit.ly/1CxEZ1h 0 Retweet 0 Favorites wachel❁ @rachel_hope16 16 jan. “@kimberly_jester: God forbid I ever push a 40 pound baby out of me ” he skipped being a newborn and went to toddler 1 Retweet 8 Favorites Small Steps Magazine @SmallStepsMedia 16 jan.

Breaking news! A 600-pound woman has

given birth to a 40-pound baby could this be the largest baby ever born?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Younilife.com @younilife 16 jan.

600-Pound #Woman In Australia Gives #Birth To 40-Pound #Baby - That's about 18 Kilogram http://bit.ly/1ubVifv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daniel Watson Hayes™ @dwatsonhayes 16 jan.

YIKES!!! Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby http://go.shr.lc/1Ix61JK That's an 18kg baby. Almost an Olympic Barbell 0 Retweet 0 Favorites kimbo slice @kimberly_jester 16 jan.

Auburn, AL" God forbid I ever push a 40 pound baby out of me 6 Retweets 26 Favorites Nick Ferran @NickFerran 16 jan.

They do everything big in Oz!!: Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby - http://go.shr.lc/1Ix61JK via @Shareaholic 0 Retweet 1 Favorites mom.me @momdotme 16 jan.

Woman gives birth to 40 pound baby.

Ouch. http://bit.ly/1ByD0LU 0 Retweet 0 Favorites lyn cochrane @lyn_cochrane 15 jan.

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby - http://go.shr.lc/ 1Ix61JK via @Shareaholic she must have a wizards sleeve as a lala 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emma B @the_emma_b 15 jan.

If she can get banged there's hope for us all! #FlabbinHell 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby -

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http://go.shr.lc/1Ix61JK 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Australia Trends @australizer 15 jan.

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby #KingEdwardMemorialHospital… http://australia.trendolizer.com/2015/01/ australia-600-pound-woman-gives-birthto-40-pound-baby.html…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Kassia @KassiaP 15 jan.

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby World News Daily Report… Wtf http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ australia-600-pound-woman-gives-birthto-40-pound-baby/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites HORNxMEISTER @HORNxMEISTER 15 jan.

Holy Moley!! Legit?! Only in Australia Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby - http://go.shr.lc/ 1Ix61JK via @Shareaholic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Trendolizer @Trendolizer 15 jan.

Australia: 600-Pound Woman Gives Birth to 40-Pound Baby #KingEdwardMemorialHospital http://www.trendolizer.com/ 2015/01/australia-600-pound-womangives-birth-to-40-pound-baby.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

2015-02-02

A FOURTH-GRADE STUDENT FROM TEXAS WAS SUSPENDED AFTER THREATENING ANOTHER STUDENT WITH MAGIC The Odessa American was the first with the story Jan. 30, interviewing the boy's father, Jason Steward. They reported the child was suspended "for allegedly making a terroristic threat," though Kermit Elementary School Principal Roxanne Greer declined to comment. Until the school confirms the incident, we will keep this as Unverified.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.oaoa.com/news/education/ article_6b47c224-a8d2-11e4-8989-1f5b0d13dadd.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.oaoa.com/news/education/article_6b47c224-a8d2-11e4-8989-1f5b0d13dadd.html

"Parent: Fourth-grader suspended after using magic from 'The Hobbit' " Posted: Friday, January 30, 2015 4:50 pm His father, Jason Steward, said the family had been to see “The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies” last weekend. His son brought a ring to his class at Kermit Elementary School and told another boy his magic ring could make the boy disappear. Steward said the principal said threats to another child’s safety would not be tolerated – whether magical or not. Principal Roxanne Greer declined to comment on the matter. “All student stuff is confidential,” Greer said. She referred a call from the Odessa American to Kermit ISD Superintendent Bill Boyd, who did not return a phone call. Steward said he didn’t understand why his son was removed from school and why the district didn’t just send a letter home. He said he requested that the school send him “something in writing” saying that the school suspended his son and why they suspended him. Steward was told the school would put the letter in the mail. Steward said his son has attended Kermit Elementary since August. The 9-year-old has been in in-school suspension for referring to another student’s skin color and got in trouble for bringing a kids’ book about pregnancy to school.

The rumor has been shared 212516 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Diego Zuluaga @dazulzul 7 feb.

9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student - Hit & Run #Reason.com @Rea-

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son.com http://reason.com/blog/2015/02/ 02/9-year-old-boy-suspended-for-usinglord?utm_campaign=naytev&utm_conten t=54d62eaae4b0f72a3a600a34…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kathryn LeMosy (Kay) @klemosy 6 feb.

Elementary Student Suspended For Claiming “Magic Powers” Deserves Apology http://sicknewz.com/125/texas-boysuspended-after-saying-he-could-makehis-friend-disappear-with-ring-of-powerfrom-lotr-movies/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 6 feb.

Our latest UNVERIFIED claims: http://buff.ly/1EL1xQk http://buff.ly/ 1EL1zHZ http://buff.ly/1CzXiXc 0 Retweet 0 Favorites squid808 @squid808 5 feb.

Good game, http://snopes.com : Student Suspended for Threatening Classmate with a Magic Ring http://po.st/24rSuJ via @po_st 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Red Pill Junkie @red_pill_junkie 5 feb. http://snopes.com : Student Suspended for Threatening Classmate with a Magic Ring http://po.st/nBKPE3 Kid will have fun reminiscences 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Matt @BreakmanX 5 feb.

When did imagination become bad? http://snopes.com Student Suspended for Threatening Classmate with a Magic Ring http://www.snopes.com/info/news/ onering.asp…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Alexis Page @alexispags 5 feb. #Petition: #ElementarySchool Student Suspended For Claiming “Magic Powers” Deserves #Apology http://sicknewz.com/ 125/texas-boy-suspended-after-sayinghe-could-make-his-friend-disappear-withring-of-power-from-lotr-movies/… #texas

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#TX #whaaat??

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dysphasia @dysphasiatic 5 feb.

Magic trick!= terrorist? CBSNews: 9-year-old suspended after saying he can make student disappear with "Hobbit" ring http://cbsn.ws/16qhi0w 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DPS @soxfan17881 4 feb. #Texas 4th Grader suspended for threatening to make student disappear with his magic ring. http://goo.gl/3ojr8Y #stupid #People 0 Retweet 0 Favorites THE GUN WIRE® BLOG @thegunwire 4 feb.

David Hardy: Student suspended for threatening use of magic ring http://thegunwire.tw/1yIodd7 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Sheila Garey @garey94 4 feb.

Kid Suspended For Allegedly Threatening Classmate With 'Hobbit' Magic http://fb.me/72sDmJ37a 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Armin @ReasonableApe 4 feb.

Student Suspended for Attempting to use Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student #wow #title http://reason.com/blog/ 2015/02/02/9-year-old-boy-suspendedfor-using-lord…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites VegasLifeToday @vegaslifetoday 4 feb.

Neon: 9-year-old student suspended over ‘Hobbit’ ring threat: A 9-year-old Texas boy with a fondness for magic… http://bit.ly/1u4xkrO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HufflepuffingtonPost @HFPpost 4 feb.

Muggle from Texas suspended for threatening to use underage magic on friend in school. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/ 02/03/texas-student-reportedlysuspended-over-hobbit-ring-threat/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Adrian Moore @reasonpolicy 4 feb.

Boy suspended for using "Lord of the Rings" magic on fellow student http://reason.com/r/11Pa Zero tolerance=zero brains. via @reason 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Rick Andreoli @Rick_Andreoli 3 feb.

Kid Suspended for Allegedly Threatening Classmate with 'Hobbit' Magic Against Classmate http://firsttoknow.com/?p=141603&&utm_ source=twittershare… #SchoolsBeCrazy 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Herald-Banner @heraldbanner 3 feb.

A Texas boy was suspended for threatening a student with a "magic" ring http://fb.me/6oIqaPz3k 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TheGhillieSuitOutlet @TGhillieSuOtlet 3 feb.

Student suspended for threatening use of magic ring http://goo.gl/fb/dlLWUW #huntingnews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ron Getty @MorteAiTiranni 3 feb.

Get your kids out of government schools 4th grader suspended said use magic Tolkien ring make student disappear http://personalliberty.com/fourth-gradersuspended-school-trying-make-kiddisappear-using-tolkiens-magic-ring/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites bchambers 1@bchambers 3 feb.

He told the student that he had a magic ring that would make the boy disap-

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pear… http://thkpr.gs/3618296 via @thinkprogress 0 Retweet 0 Favorites In2015HillaryWillLie @In2012DemsLie 3 feb.

NOW ISN'T THAT PRECIOUS! MT@FoxNews: 9yro student in Texas suspended 4 pretending 2 hav magic ring frm 'The Hobbit.' http://fxn.ws/1zaEaMN 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Fox News @FoxNews 3 feb.

A 9-year-old student from Texas was reportedly suspended for pretending to have a magic ring from 'The Hobbit.' http://fxn.ws/1zaEaMN 264 Retweets 184 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 3 feb.

“I assure you my son lacks the magical powers necessary to threaten his friend’s existence.” http://buff.ly/1zvtcAv 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Tolkien @TolkienTeaching 3 feb. #LOTR news 9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student - Reason (blog) http://dlvr.it/ 8MyDB6 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Tolkien @TolkienTeaching 3 feb. #Hobbit news Texas Student Suspended After Threatening To Use Magic From “The Hobbit” - http://5newsonline.com http://dlvr.it/8MsvFH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Naijastarface @princestarface 3 feb.

Kid Suspended For Allegedly Threatening Classmate With 'Hobbit' Magic http://fb.me/75fSpp8Wg 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Harry Wojahn @PhotoKing1977 3 feb.

This is beyond stupid. A 4th grade student was suspended for saying he had a magic ring that could make you… http://fb.me/767bYS02X 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

pear… http://theimmoralminority.blogspot.com/ 2015/02/texas-fourth-grader-suspendedfor.html… In TX guns good, magic bad??

1 Retweet 1 Favorites

The Old Gods & Manu @ManuclearBomb 3 feb.

9-year old suspended from Texas school for threatening to disappear another student with a magic ring from Mt Doom http://www.myfoxchicago.com/story/ 28003771/boy-suspended-for-makingmagical-threat…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites

BETTY MARIE HICKS @BETTYMARIEHICKS 2 feb.

Well Texas People are loosing IQ SINCE I LEFT --OR DID I DISAPPEARE? http://fb.me/4NhRASpMa 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

SteveStewartWilliams @SteveStuWill 2 feb.

9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student http://reason.com/blog/2015/02/02/ 9-year-old-boy-suspended-for-usinglord… School admins: The orcs of childhood 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Young Conservatives @YoungCons 2 feb.

Fourth grader “threatens” student with THIS item….instantly suspended. http://www.youngcons.com/unreal-fourthgrader-threatens-student-magic-lotr-ringheres-school-responded/#t7fJEvHFZI4Hxxdf.99…

9 Retweets 5 Favorites DailyoftheDay @DailyoftheDay 2 feb.

Fourth-Grade Student Suspended for Threatening to Use Magic http://dailyoftheday.com/fourth-gradestudent-suspended-threatening-usemagic/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Knishette @Knishette 2 feb. #TX 4th grader suspended 4 threatening 2 magically make a fellow student disap-

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Curt Lanning 5@NEWSCurt 2 feb.

Texas Student Suspended After Threatening To Use Magic From "The Hobbit" http://link.kfsm.com/1tXlAaq 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TheManofSteel @CFLancop 2 feb.

9 y/o Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student http://ln.is/reason.com/blog/2015/v2f68…

Everyone but terrorists are terrorists #tcot 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 2 feb.

UNVERIFIED: 4th grade student suspended after threatening another student with Hobbit #magic. http://buff.ly/1Dpwbe6 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Aamer Ahmed Khan @Aak0 2 feb.

Worth a read! “@omarali50: 9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student http://reason.com/r/11Pa via @reason” 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Pete Salisbury @Tuckerpete 2 feb.

San Diego, CA" Boy Suspended For Bringing Sauron’s Magic Ring To School. Dad says son lacks magical power. http://www.dailyheraldtribune.com/2015/

02/02/suspended-boy-threatened-tomake-student-disappear-with-lord-of-therings-replica-ring…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Colin Edwards @ceds_13 2 feb.

"Boy, 9, suspended for threatening to use Lord of the Rings magic on fellow student http://pllqt.it/Ue8yxx " 1 Retweet 2 Favorites Hemeterio @Hemeterio 2 feb. “@TheTorontoSun Boy, 9, suspended for threatening to use TLOTR magic on fellow student ”// He should used The Force.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Toronto Sun @TheTorontoSun 2 feb.

Boy, 9, suspended for threatening to use Lord of the Rings magic on fellow student http://pllqt.it/Ue8yxx 14 Retweets 0 Favorites Seth Eliot @setheliot 2 feb. ugh… when will this insanity stop….

9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using LotR Magic on Fellow Student http://reason.com/blog/2015/02/02/ 9-year-old-boy-suspended-for-usinglord?utm_campaign=naytev&utm_conten t=54cfb072e4b099b5a25d1e0a… via @reason 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kevin Carson Ⓐ @KevinCarson1 2 feb.

9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student http://reason.com/blog/2015/02/02/ 9-year-old-boy-suspended-for-usinglord…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites ᴼᴹᴳ itz_pindas @BOBBYPINDAS 2 feb. #news#music#fks#cele Kid Suspended For Allegedly Threatening Classmate

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With ‘Hobbit’ Magic: Turns ou… http://on.mtv.com/16lPyKW RT please 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ENTERTAINMENT GIST @ENT_GISTS 2 feb.

Kid Suspended For Allegedly Threatening Classmate With ‘Hobbit’ Magic: Turns out Bilbo might be a bad influence. http://on.mtv.com/1wXHpBE 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hip Hop News Links @MarkStarkx 2 feb.

Kid Suspended For Allegedly Threatening Classmate With ‘Hobbit ’ Magic Turns out Bilbo mig http://www.mtv.com/news/ 2066223/student-suspended-lotrthreat/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ali @anniesperson 2 feb.

This headline! Parent: Fourth-grader suspended after using magic from 'The Hobbit' (via link, via @krypt3ia) http://gawker.com/student-suspendedfor-alleged-possession-of-one-ringto-1683089560/+brendanoconnor…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Simon Cooke @SimonMagus 2 feb.

Bradford, England" "@igeldard: 9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using Lord of the Rings Magic on Fellow Student http://bit.ly/16ldcav " < *cries* 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Charlie Thomas @charlesthomas 2 feb.

Say Adava Kedavra to your principal, kid.

Go big. RT @reason: 9-Year-Old Boy Suspended for Using LOTR Magic Student http://bit.ly/16ldcav 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Rachel @Whovian_Chick 2 feb.

WTH? 9-year-old Texas student gets suspended 4 using magic from The Hobbit on another student. http://goo.gl/ j6YA7o 0 Retweet 0 Favorites PatriotMash.com @PatriotMash 2 feb.

4th-grader who saw Hobbit movie suspended for terroristic threats, told boy his magic ring could make boy disappear http://www.frontpagemag.com/2015/ dgreenfield/school-suspends-student-formaking-terroristic-threats-wmagic-ring/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites RedheadFangirl @RedheadFangirl 2 feb.

9-year-old Texas student gets suspended for using magic from "The Hobbit" on another student https://www.inside.com/wtf/ u53fl/ 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Adrian Morgan @GoldHoarder 2 feb.

Texan school suspends student for: (a) imagination (b) knowledge http://www.opposingviews.com/i/society/ texas-fourth-grader-suspended-tellingclassmate-he-could-make-himdisappear-magic-ring… I'd support criminal charges against the principal.

0 Retweet 1 Favorites con organ @gogynfeirdd 1 feb. fourth-grader suspended for claiming magic powers http://gawker.com/studentsuspended-for-alleged-possession-ofone-ring-to-1683089560… and "for referring to another student as black" @nydwracu 0 Retweet 0 Favorites [ WTF News ] @GetInsideWTF 1 feb.

A 9-year-old Texas student gets suspended for using magic from "The Hobbit" on another stu… https://www.inside.com/wtf/u53fl/

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A-9-year-old-Texas-student-getssuspended-forusin?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medi um=twitterhandle&utm_campaign=@Get InsideWTF…

2015-02-03

A 17-YEAR-OLD POURED ACID HER BOYFRIEND'S GENITALS AFTER THEIR SEX TAPE WENT VIRAL Tumelo Waga Dibakwane of the African Eye News Service was first to report the claim on Feb. 2 in the Times Live. AENS claims to have seen the viral video in question, but said it could not identify the woman because she is underage. Since there is currently no independent confirmation of the tape or the attack we will keep this claim Unverified.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2015/02/ 02/ girl-destroys-boyfriends-penis-in-acid-attack-after-video-of-them-havingsex-goes-viral Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2015/02/02/girl-destroysboyfriends-penis-in-acid-attack-after-video-of-them-having-sexgoes-viral

Girl destroys boyfriends penis in acid attack after video of them having sex goes viral Tumelo Waga Dibakwane, African Eye News Service | 02 February, 2015 13:55 The girl, whose name is known to African Eye News Service (AENS) but cannot be published because she is under age, attacked Humphrey Khoza with battery acid while he was drinking beers with friends at a tavern in Cork village near Hazyview, Mpumalanga, on January 17.

"Everything happened in a blink of an eye because I saw her when she was coming with a bottle but I didn’t realise that she was carrying acid. She just angrily called me a dog. She asked how in the world I could have done such an evil thing to her. It was only then that I realised that she was talking about the video that I took while we were having sex," said Khoza. Khoza said he had been dating the schoolgirl since December. "We agreed to have sex, but she was not aware that I was filming the sex using my laptop computer. I did not intend to show anyone the video and I still don’t know how it got onto social media," he said. In the viral video that AENS has seen to verify the claims, Khoza is seen pushing the girl, who was in her school uniform, to the bed. She appeared not to notice that she was being filmed while they had sex. The remorseful Khoza added that although his penis would never work again due to the damage caused by the acid, he was lucky to be alive. He said he was advised to press charges against the girl, but doesn't see the point. "Even if I press charges it is useless because it won’t bring back my manhood. Her being in jail will just ruin her future because she is still young and I do not

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have the energy to attend courts," said Khoza. He now has to urinate through a tube and has to undergo surgery.

The rumor has been shared 13767 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. ☠ nina ☠ @pizza_chu 4 feb.

"Girl destroys boyfriend's penis in acid attack after video of them having sex goes viral" That'll teach him to leak his own sex tape.

4 Retweets 9 Favorites The Real Anonymous @anon99percenter 4 feb. http://youtu.be/qy06vr-qVJg Teen Burns Boyfriend’s Penis With Acid After Discovering Sex Tape On Social Media 6 Retweets 2 Favorites Tim Doble @BetterThanToday 4 feb.

Acceptable: 'Teenager throws acid over her boyfriend's penis after he betrays her trust.' http://www.hellou.co.uk/2015/02/ teenager-throws-acid-boyfriends-penisbetrays-trust-35574/…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites cambio @cambio 4 feb.

A Teen Reportedly Threw Acid on Her Boyfriend's Penis: Find Out Why http://aol.it/1uaWiFY 0 Retweet 3 Favorites EntertainmentWise @entwise 4 feb.

The girl who poured BATTERY ACID over her boyfriend's penis as revenge for a leaked sex tape http://bit.ly/1KrVj6C 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Soraya Chemaly @schemaly 4 feb.

SA teen pours battery acid on boyfriend's genitals after he taped/shared sex tape without her #consent.

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http://crimefeed.com/2015/02/teenpours-battery-acid-boyfriends-penisrevenge-releasing-sex-tape-socialmedia/?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_m edium=social&utm_campaign=DeadlyWo man… @ma_franks 16 Retweets 10 Favorites DallasBlack.com @DallasBlackcom 4 feb.

25-year-old Man records himself having sex with a 17-year-old girl and then THIS HAPPENED: http://bit.ly/1xiBiYM 2 Retweets 1 Favorites The Courier-Mail @couriermail 4 feb.

‘I never intended killing his penis’ http://trib.al/TfCqGYk 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Verified LEGACYfied @LEGACYfied 4 feb.

Girl, 17, Pours Acid On Boyfriend’s Penis After He Leaked Their SEX TAPE Online http://buff.ly/16ptBKz 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Wizkid @gidiblogg 4 feb.

Girl poured acid on boyfriend's organ for making their sextape… http://gidiblog.com/17-year-old-girlpoured-acid-on-boyfriends-penis/…

5 Retweets 1 Favorites Andrew Koubaridis @akoubaridis 4 feb.

Just FYI ..Man loses use of his penis af-

ter teen girl’s acid attack" | http://News.com.au http://mobile.news.com.au/lifestyle/relationships/man-loses-use-of-his-penisafter-teen-girls-acid-attack/storyfnet09p2-1227208487349…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Stav & Abby @StavAndAbby 4 feb.

And the answer "A guy lost the use of his penis after girlfriend poured acid on it, after he showed people a video of them getting it on" 0 Retweet 2 Favorites The Courier-Mail @couriermail 4 feb.

Sex tape revenge teen pours acid on man's penis http://trib.al/FvKhpXG 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Margo Howard @Margoandhow 4 feb.

"Girl poured acid on boyfriend’s penis after he released sex tape" (Apparently too young to have heard about Lorena Bobbitt.)

0 Retweet 1 Favorites BiGxGh.Com @bigxghdotcom 4 feb.

Girl Pours Acid On Her Boyfriend Penis For Leaking Her Sex Tape Full story here: > http://bit.ly/1AryGPH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

longer use his penis after his 17-year-old girlfriend poured acid on his gen… http://www.citifmonline.com/2015/02/02/ sa-girl-pours-acid-boyfriends-penis-sextapeleaked/#sthash.IS76zjMs.YQZQtwfL.dpb s…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 4 feb.

UNVERIFIED: 17-year-old poured acid her boyfriend's genitals after their sex tape went viral http://buff.ly/1HYDTm3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ashish Malhotra @amalhotra2 4 feb.

South African Girl destroys boyfriend's penis in acid attack after sex video goes viral http://bit.ly/1Csd2eK h/t @LizMartinezG 1 Retweet 0 Favorites The Source Magazine @TheSource 4 feb.

A man's girlfriend poured acid on his penis after learning he filmed them having sex. Sheesh. http://goo.gl/fh2QWQ 44 Retweets 17 Favorites

news.com.au @newscomauHQ 4 feb.

‘I never intended killing his penis’ http://bit.ly/1At4rIb 1 Retweet 3 Favorites

Real Black Courage @imcrews 4 feb.

I'm Sorry, You Did What??! // Girl poured acid on boyfriend's penis after he released sex tape http://metro.co.uk/2015/ 02/03/girl-poured-acid-on-boyfriendspenis-after-he-released-sextape-5047162/… via MetroUK 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

Metro @MetroUK 4 feb.

Penis acid attacker: 'I never intended to kill his penis, I was just angry' http://ow.ly/Iv3aD 22 Retweets 7 Favorites

Global Grind @GlobalGrind 4 feb.

Woman pours acid on her boyfriend’s penis after she finds out he's been filming their sex sessions http://bit.ly/1CYVCFo 56 Retweets 16 Favorites

Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 4 feb.

South Africa: A 25-year-old man can no

VoidBurger @VoidBurger 4 feb.

At first I was like "OH SHIT NO" then I was like "Oh, welp.

318

https://au.news.yahoo.com/odd/a/ 26196506/teen-pours-acid-onboyfriends-penis/?cmp=fb…

2 Retweets 7 Favorites

Penis acid attack: ‘I wanted him to feel my pain’ http://wp.me/p207Vq-aNP 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Power99Philly @Power99Philly 4 feb.

Woman Pours Acid on Her Man’s Penis http://www.power99.com/onair/the-teawith-mutha-knows-52951/woman-poursacid-on-her-mans-13219971/… via @power99philly 5 Retweets 1 Favorites KING RALPHY OFFICIAL @KINGRALPHYNYC 4 feb.

Teenager Throws Acid On Boyfriend's Penis Over Secret Sex Tape http://fb.me/ 3yPDHBXq1 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lee Bailey @eurweb 4 feb.

Men Watch Who You Mess With: Enraged Teen Throws Acid on Man’s Penis http://wp.me/p33GTY-230D 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Anthony De Rosa @AntDeRosa 4 feb.

Unverified Claim: A 17-year-old poured acid her boyfriend's genitals after their sex tape went viral http://www.emergent.info/penis-acidattack…

7 Retweets 4 Favorites Peter Welpton @peet2 4 feb.

Maybe someone will now think twice before secretly shooting a sex tape & posting it online. http://ow.ly/ItqVA 2 Retweets 3 Favorites The Trent @TheTrentOnline 4 feb.

Girl, 17, Pours Acid On Boyfriend’s Penis After He Leaked Their SEX TAPE Online http://ttrent.co/1KcnfwP 15 Retweets 1 Favorites Nick Kurinzi @kurinzi 4 feb.

319

Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 4 feb.

UNVERIFIED claim of a revenge acid attack: "I didn't intend to kill his penis. http://buff.ly/1BTSlD7 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Mpasho News @MpashoNews 4 feb.

17 Year Old Girl Destroys Boyfriend’s Penis With Acid After He Leaked Their Sextape And It Goes Viral https://mpasho.co.ke/2015/02/17-yearold-girl-destroys-boyfriends-penis-acidleaked-sextape-goes-viral/… @cindyogana 4 Retweets 1 Favorites slone @slone 4 feb.

OUCH: SA girl pours battery acid boyfriend’s penis after sex tape leaked: 25-year-old man can no longer use his penis http://www.citifmonline.com/2015/ 02/02/sa-girl-pours-acid-boyfriendspenis-sex-tapeleaked/#sthash.IS76zjMs.WonIRpFj.dpuf …

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Naija News 24/7 9@janewsmag 4 feb.

Jealous lover pours acid on boyfriend's penis for cheating on her http://bit.ly/1KbjUhu via @idomavoice 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Naija News 24/7 9@janewsmag 4 feb.

Angry Teenager Pours Acid on Her Boyfriend's Penis for Cheating… http://bit.ly/16xvYeU 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Evarist Chahali @Chahali 4 feb.

An eye for an eye RT @Jezebel: Teenager throws acid on boyfriend's penis over secret sex tape http://bit.ly/1BTcXeW

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Trent @TheTrentOnline 4 feb.

Girl, 17, Pours Acid On Boyfriend’s Penis After He Leaked Their SEX TAPE Online http://ttrent.co/16gcPNF 17 Retweets 1 Favorites GIDITRAFFIC @Gidi_Traffic 4 feb. “@Austynzogs @Gidi_Traffic 17yr-old South African girl pours acid on 25yr old boyfriend’s penis after sex tape leaked http://www.citifmonline.com/2015/02/02/ sa-girl-pours-acid-boyfriends-penis-sextapeleaked/#sthash.IS76zjMs.Ye1S1mYK.dp bs…

3 Retweets 1 Favorites Oneindia Malayalam @thatsMalayalam 4 feb. െസക്സ് വീഡിേയാ രപ്ചരിപ്പിച്ചു, കാമുകന്‍െറ ജനേനരന്ദ്ിയത്തില്‍ 17കാരി ആസിഡ് ഒഴിച്ചു http://malayalam.oneindia.com/ peep/girl-destroys-boyfriends-penis-inacid-attack-after-video-of-them-goesviral-130380.html… #Girl 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Mthokozisi @Tox_Dlamini 4 feb.

A 17-year-old Mpumalanga girl who poured acid on her boyfriend's genitals to punish him… http://www.news24.com/ SouthAfrica/News/Penis-acid-attack-Iwanted-him-to-feel-my-pain-20150203…

8 Retweets 0 Favorites Complex @ComplexMag 4 feb.

Man's girlfriend pours acid on his penis after finding out he filmed them having sex: http://trib.al/Zsvsfyy 528 Retweets 449 Favorites Reddit World News @WNews_Reddit 4 feb.

A teenage girl has poured acid on her

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boyfriend's lap, permanently damaging his penis, after he secretly filmed the… https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/ 26196506/teen-pours-acid-onboyfriends-penis/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 042MP3.COM 042@MP3_COM 4 feb.

Girl, 17, Pours Acid On Boyfriend’s Penis After He Leaked Their SEX TAPE Online http://tinyurl.com/kcy5fyw via @thetrentonline 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Fat Tail Alpha @FatTailAlpha 4 feb. 本日のマジキチニュース Teen Burns Boyfriend’s Penis With Acid After Discovering Sex Tape On Soc…: http://youtu.be/qy06vr-qVJg @YouTube さんから 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Rebecca Ramirez @rebeccaetramir 4 feb.

Teenager Throws Acid On Boyfriend's Penis Over Secret Sex Tape #poordecisions http://goo.gl/GneNeh 10 Retweets 4 Favorites Alan Colmes @AlanColmes 4 feb.

Teen Pours Acid On Boyfriend’s Penis After Sex Tape Leaks http://colm.es/ 16w096i #p2 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Robert Whitmore @rwhitmmx 4 feb.

I'D RATHER READ SCRIPTURES THAN THIS CRAP: Teen pours acid on boyfriend's penis after he releases sex tape.. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-2937828/Businessman-rippedman-s-heart-ATE-prove-not-gayapologises-victim-s-family-admitsexceeded-boundaries-selfdefence.html…

5 Retweets 7 Favorites

boxden.com @itsBX 4 feb.

Feb 3 - Girl poured acid on boyfriend s penis after he released sex tape http://slumz.boxden.com/f5/feb-3-girlpoured-acid-on-boyfriend-s-penis-afterhe-released-sex-tape-2173287/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Global Grind @GlobalGrind 4 feb.

A woman poured acid on her boyfriend's penis after finding out he secretly filmed them having sex http://bit.ly/1Aqrljj 63 Retweets 14 Favorites Crillmatic @jcrillz 4 feb.

17-Year-Old Poured Acid On Her Boyfriend's Penis http://shar.es/1o7meu via @MadameNoire 0 Retweet 0 Favorites MadameNoire @MadameNoire 4 feb.

“He Messed With The Wrong Girl” 17-Year-Old Poured Acid On Her Boyfriend’s Penis Because He Recorded Them Having Sex http://ow.ly/IrYX9 14 Retweets 5 Favorites Godlike Productions @glptweets 4 feb.

OUCH, GIRLFRIEND POURS ACID ON BOYFRIENDS PENIS AFTER HE POSTED SEX TAPE. http://bit.ly/1HWBIiN 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hank Campbell @HankCampbell 4 feb.

Unless she's a Kardashian, she probably doesn't want a sex tape released. So if she has battery acid… http://metro.co.uk/ 2015/02/03/girl-poured-acid-onboyfriends-penis-after-he-released-sextape-5047162/?source=science20.com…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites TheFupaWhisperer @SoloChills 3 feb.

Jesus RT @POWTV: Man’s Girlfriend Pours Acid On His Penis After He

321

Covertly Recorded Their Sex Session http://wp.me/p3amau-lqX 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Andi Zeisler @andizeisler 3 feb.

"Khoza, who…doesn’t know how the video ended up on social media, has been told his penis will never work again. http://bit.ly/1EEmZ9N 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Jezebel @Jezebel 3 feb.

Teenager throws acid on boyfriend's penis over secret sex tape http://bit.ly/ 1BTcXeW 32 Retweets 36 Favorites Africa Facts Zone @AfricaFactsZone 3 feb.

A South African girl poured acid on her boyfriend’s penis after he released their sex tape without her knowledge.

54 Retweets 9 Favorites Complex Pop Culture @ComplexPop 3 feb.

A man lost the use of his penis after his girlfriend poured acid on it because he secretly filmed them having sex. http://trib.al/9aMFfpx 5 Retweets 1 Favorites Jared Keller @jaredbkeller 3 feb. hed of the day http://crimefeed.com/ 2015/02/teen-pours-battery-acidboyfriends-penis-revenge-releasing-sextape-socialmedia/?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_m edium=social&utm_campaign=DeadlyWo man…

6 Retweets 3 Favorites DJ 33 1/3 IG:TheDJ33 @TheDJ33 3 feb.

Tech News: Man's Girlfriend Pours Acid On His Penis After He Covertly Record-

ed Their Sex Session http://ow.ly/2UdOM9 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

without her knowledg 2 Retweets 0 Favorites

Complex @ComplexMag 3 feb.

Man's girlfriend pours acid on his penis after finding out he filmed them having sex: http://trib.al/vaU0PF6 333 Retweets 216 Favorites Y! Online @YNaija 3 feb.

Woman pours acid on boyfriend’s penis after seeing their sex tape online http://j.mp/1vqmYn6 1 Retweet 1 Favorites All The Sadza @Wasanga_Mayhem 3 feb.

Today I saw a botched penis and testicles and an article about acid thrown on a man's genitals. I'm not tryna disrespect no woman.

6 Retweets 0 Favorites UPROXX @UPROXX 3 feb.

A Teen Poured Acid On Her Boyfriend’s Penis After Finding Out He Secretly Filmed Them Having Sex http://uproxx.it/ 1x7KeAb 12 Retweets 4 Favorites Elite Daily @EliteDaily 3 feb.

Girl Pours Acid On Boyfriend’s Penis After Their Sex Tape Gets Released: http://elitedai.ly/1z83Vsn 10 Retweets 11 Favorites DiscoveryID @DiscoveryID 3 feb.

Teen Pours Battery Acid On Boyfriend's Penis As Revenge For Releasing Sex Tape On Social http://bit.ly/1D9Tuec 40 Retweets 15 Favorites GIDITRAFFIC @Gidi_Traffic 3 feb. "@Austynzogs: 17yr old South African girl poured acid on her boyfriend’s penis after he released a sex tape of d couple

322

Bulawayo24 @Bulawayo24News 3 feb.

A 25-year-old man can no longer use his penis after his 17-year-old girlfriend poured acid… http://goo.gl/fb/xA36Fz 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Bulawayo24 @Bulawayo24News 3 feb.

Lover destroys boyfriends penis in acid attack http://fb.me/75doSObQh 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Sunday World @sundayworld 3 feb.

Teen poured acid on boyfriend's penis after sex tape found its way onto the internet http://goo.gl/8AbcVV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Times LIVE @TimesLIVE 3 feb.

I never intended to kill his penis I was just angry: Mpumalanga acid attack girl http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2015/02/ 03/i-never-intended-to-kill-his-penis-iwas-just-angry-mpumalanga-acid-attackgirl…

15 Retweets 2 Favorites Viasat 1 Ghana @Viasat1Ghana 3 feb.

Angry girl pours acid on boyfriend’s penis after sex tape leaked - Viasat 1 Offbeat News… http://fb.me/22pE1oUES 3 Retweets 4 Favorites WakeUp withTaylor @WakeUp_Taylor 3 feb.

Acid + Male Genitals = Ouch… http://ow.ly/IoVlP 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Closer Mag & Online @CloserOnline 3 feb.

Schoolgirl pours acid on boyfriend's penis after finding sex tape of herself online http://po.st/4ker9Y 7 Retweets 15 Favorites

Inquisitr News @theinquisitr 3 feb.

Man's Penis Destroyed By Acid Over Viral Sex Video In South Africa http://inq.cm/1K6EOyn 5 Retweets 0 Favorites 2oceansvibe.com 2@oceansvibe 3 feb.

Boy Shares Video Of Him Having Sex With Girlfriend – Girlfriend Throws Acid All Over His Penis http://www.2oceansvibe.com/2015/02/03/ boy-shares-video-of-him-having-sexwith-girlfriend-girlfriend-throws-acid-allover-his-penis/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Times LIVE @TimesLIVE 3 feb.

Girl destroys boyfriends penis in acid attack after video of them having sex goes viral http://bit.ly/1BTCVBp 37 Retweets 4 Favorites Cosmopolitan @Cosmopolitan 2 feb.

Woman finds the secret sex tape her BF made, what she does to his penis will make you CRINGE: http://cosm.ag/ 6019II81 18 Retweets 30 Favorites Cosmopolitan @Cosmopolitan 2 feb.

Woman Reportedly Pours Acid on Boyfriend's Penis After Finding His Sex Tape http://bit.ly/1zNGDii 36 Retweets 59 Favorites Daily Star @Daily_Star 2 feb.

Girl throws ACID on boyfriends penis after she discovers sex tape on internet http://bit.ly/1K4xOlI 5 Retweets 2 Favorites Efo Dela @Amegaxi 2 feb.

I don't know why I find this hilarious SA girl pours acid on boyfriend’s penis after sex tape leaked http://shar.es/1o2XYB

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via @Citi973 6 Retweets 1 Favorites Times LIVE @TimesLIVE 2 feb.

Girl destroys boyfriends penis in acid attack after video of them having sex goes viral http://bit.ly/1BTCVBp 83 Retweets 9 Favorites

2015-02-11

A WOMAN ABORTED A FETUS AFTER DISCOVERING IT WAS MALE The blog post first appeared on Jan. 17 but gained Internet traction on Feb. 9. In it, a woman only identified as "Lana" claimed "bad experiences with men" led to her decision. Many news sites picked it up and reported it as true. However, there are several concerns with the story. The domain was registered right before the site went online with this post. This is often a sign of a hoax. The woman's story has strange details, such as the fact that she is supposedly unemployed and yet flew first class. The claim itself is also highly inflammatory and comes in a post that offers no identifying details or evidence. We are keeping this Unverified for now, but consider it highly likely to be False.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://injusticestories.com/ i-aborted-my-baby-because-it-was-a-boy/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://injusticestories.com/i-aborted-my-baby-because-it-was-aboy/

I Aborted My Baby – Because it was a Boy January 17, 2015Author admin Over the past 3 years, I have lost many friends, and several of my own family members have completely cut off communication with me. I now know that these are “adults” who just cannot handle the fact that I have the right to make choices, and that these choices ultimately hardly even affect them. 1/17/15 – Editor’s note: Due to the large number of interview requests, I have extended an invitation to the author to post her response to the comments and general negative feelings towards her. I will post an update as soon as she responds. In the spring of 2012, I found out that I was pregnant. I had a good idea who the donator was, but money wasn’t really an issue, and I knew that I would be a good motherlike figure for the child by myself. I have always believed in the right for all women to have a choice in terminating their pregnancy, but when I confirmed the diagnosis about a month into into it, I decided that I WAS ready to have this child. My journey has taken me to many different places fighting for women’s rights and carrying the banner of the Feminist Movement, even to the point of eschewing a career. One of the more prominent themes that I saw in these places was that men generally would look down on us, refuse to help us, or hardly even lend an ear so that we could air our grievances. This didn’t surprise me, the patriarchy has been well entrenched since the dawn of time, but here I was, here I am, ready to change it. One of the more alarming incidents happened while I was on my way to San Francisco to participate in an Occupy Wall Street rally. I sat down in my seat on the plane, which happened to be extra full for that day, and a particularly well dressed man happened to be sitting in the seat beside me, in the aisle. After takeoff, he asked me what I was going to San Francisco for, while I generally wouldn’t talk to a man sitting next to me on an airplane, I told him I was going to the OWS rally. The

325

man literally scoffed when I spoke those words and leaned in and quietly said to me “B****** like you need to learn their place”.

Stunned, I screamed “ASSAULT!” while other passengers looked at us, the woman across the aisle from him immediately told him to get away from me, but not 5 seconds passed before a flight attendant had rushed over to intervene.

The rumor has been shared 34311 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Coolio Iglesias @LuisSalazar 12 feb. sobre la historia de la feminista que abortó cuando supo que el bebé era hombre… http://antiviral.gawker.com/ people-think-a-feminist-blogger-abortedher-babybecaus-1685391509/+tcberman…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Gossip Piggy @GossipPiggy 12 feb.

People Think a Feminist Bloggr Abortd Hr #baby coz It Was a Boy http://j.mp/ 1EgqeR1 #abortion #InjusticeStories #Sweden 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Gossip Gawker @GossipGawker 12 feb.

People Think a Feminist Blogger Aborted Her Baby Because It Was a Boy: “I stand by my… http://goo.gl/fb/F4B5GJ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Gossip Gawker @GossipGawker 12 feb. #FeministMenace #OccupyWallStreet #OWS #Sweden People Think a Feminist Bloggr Abortd Hr Baby coz It Was a Boy http://j.mp/1E4JTUh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Vincent Vega @MacDonnchadha 12 feb.

Lena a #feminist blogger, who had a bad experience with a man aborted a healthy baby because it was a boy http://www.irishmirror.ie/news/worldnews/i-aborted-baby-becauseboy-5143227… #SickMind 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Amanda Marcotte @AmandaMarcotte 12 feb. http://antiviral.gawker.com/people-thinka-feminist-blogger-aborted-her-babybecaus-1685391509… I had a bunch of angry anti-feminists sending this to me and all I could think was how gullible are you?

4 Retweets 6 Favorites

Elizabeth Amani @LizMani 12 feb.

Welcome To LizMani's Blog: WTF!!! A BLOGGER SAYS "I ABORTED MY BABY COS IT WA… http://www.lizmani.com/2015/02/wtfblogger-says-i-aborted-my-babycos.html?spref=tw…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

damyoncé @dchoppin 12 feb. ??? http://antiviral.gawker.com/peoplethink-a-feminist-blogger-aborted-herbabybecaus-1685391509/+jayhathaway…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Siglov Freudivan @DerangedRadio 12

feb. #news People Think a Feminist Blogger Aborted Her Baby Because It Was a Boy: "I stand by my dec… http://bit.ly/16YlLI4 #derangedradio 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DNS Google @DNSGoogle 12 feb.

I aborted my baby because it was a boy': Outrage after 'feminist' blogger… http://Mirror.co.uk http://dlvr.it/8WhpSH #Blogger 0 Retweet 0 Favorites All The News Is Now @AllTheNewsIsNow 12 feb. #Gawker People Think a Feminist Blogger Aborted Her Baby Because It Was a Boy: "I stand by my decision to abor… http://bit.ly/17neAdp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HoofitAndDonger @HoofitAndDonger 12 feb.

RT Gawker: People think a feminist blogger aborted her baby because it was a boy. http://gaw.kr/gwiAY4t 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ashley Feinberg @ashfein 12 feb. luv this retelling of the passover story MT @Gawker: People think a feminist aborted her baby because it was a boy http://gaw.kr/gwiAY4t 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jesse Berney @jesseberney 12 feb.

That baby's father? Marine Todd. RT @Gawker: People think a feminist blogger aborted her baby because it was a boy. http://gaw.kr/gwiAY4t 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 12 feb.

We're tracking a UNVERIFIED (and dubious) claim that a woman aborted a fetus after discovering it was male:

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http://buff.ly/1DjPmYT 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Juan Carlos S. @jcsepulveda 12 feb.

Feminist' says she aborted baby because it was a boy - The blogger describes pregnancy as a ‘diagnosis’… http://tmblr.co/ZfgIyx1dCeUU0 Retweet 0 Favorites Frank Acocella @frank8427zz9za 12 feb.

Feminist aborts baby because it was a boy - A feminist blogger, known as Lena, claims to have aborted a child beca… http://ow.ly/2UyQA4 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ed Whelan @EdWhelanEPPC 11 feb.

Deep depravity: American blogger aborts baby boy b/c she "hates the patriarchy. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/ womens-life/11405141/Has-a-womanaborted-her-baby-because-its-aboy.html…

5 Retweets 0 Favorites The Daily Record @Daily_Record 11 feb.

Outrage after 'feminist' blogger claimed to have aborted baby because it was a boy http://dlyr.ec/6fBYou 7 Retweets 1 Favorites Marko Sket @MarkoSket 11 feb. @lucijausaj @MarijaDrenovec Verjetno 1x predmet sodišč→ "I aborted my baby because it was a boy" ~ 'feminist' blogger http://dlvr.it/8VYwWV 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Christian Guy @ChristianGuy_ 11 feb.

An American blogger aborted her baby because it was a boy and she 'hated the patriarchy'. She says it was liberating. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/ womens-life/11405141/Woman-aborts-

her-baby-because-its-a-boy-and-shehates-the-patriarchy.html…

7 Retweets 2 Favorites

far? via @sourcefed 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Qwenga @bkyeyune 11 feb.

A blogger has claimed that she aborted her baby when she discovered it was a boy because of bad experiences with men http://metro.co.uk/2015/02/10/ feminist-aborted-baby-because-it-was-aboy-5056982/…

7 Retweets 0 Favorites DNS Google @DNSGoogle 11 feb.

Blogger aborted baby because it was a boy: 'I've had bad experiences with men' - Closer http://dlvr.it/8VWby6 #Blogger 0 Retweet 0 Favorites BINGBING Celeb @BINGBINGCELEB 11 feb.

Blogger Aborted Baby Because It Was A Boy 'i've Had Bad… : http://www.thebingbing.com/celeb/ page1371.php#8… .,,,, 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Closer Mag & Online @CloserOnline 11 feb.

Blogger aborted baby because it was a boy: 'I've had bad experiences with men' http://po.st/jI1MrH 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Suzy Aldridge @suzal 11 feb.

Please be satire. Please be satire.

Please be satire. http://sourcefed.com/ blogger-claims-to-have-aborted-babybecause-it-was-male/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites matt schwarz @cubsfan630 11 feb.

Blogger Claims To Have Aborted Baby Because It Was Male http://sourcefed.com/blogger-claims-tohave-aborted-baby-because-it-wasmale/… fighting for feminism going too

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aNGˈzīədē @Sebbbyyyy 11 feb.

This is not a feminist plase do not abort your unborn child b/c it is male. http://sourcefed.com/blogger-claims-tohave-aborted-baby-because-it-wasmale/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites SourceFed @sourcefed 11 feb.

Blogger Claims To Have Aborted Baby Because It Was Male #WTF #Extreme http://sourcefed.com/blogger-claims-tohave-aborted-baby-because-it-wasmale/…

1 Retweet 9 Favorites Jeffery McKeown @JefferyMcKeown 11 feb. @rebeccamoffatt well idk but this story is terrifying http://sourcefed.com/bloggerclaims-to-have-aborted-baby-because-itwas-male/… your free to your own opinion on this.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites General Safearion @Safearion 10 feb. @LewdHarpy Yup http://sourcefed.com/ blogger-claims-to-have-aborted-babybecause-it-was-male/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Her.ie @Herdotie 10 feb.

Self-proclaimed "Feminist" Blogger Says She Aborted Baby "Because It Was A Boy" http://www.her.ie/life/selfproclaimed-feminist-blogger-says-sheaborted-baby-because-it-was-a-boy/ 217902…

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Lee Seville @LeeSeville_UKIP 10 feb.

Blogger said that she aborted her baby boy because of bad experiences with men. Obviously not that bad! #pregnant

http://metro.co.uk/2015/02/10/feministaborted-baby-because-it-was-aboy-5056982/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gossip Gawker @GossipGawker 12 feb. #FeministMenace #OccupyWallStreet #OWS #Sweden People Think a Feminist Bloggr Abortd Hr Baby coz It Was a Boy http://j.mp/1E4JTUh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Amanda Marcotte @AmandaMarcotte 12 feb. http://antiviral.gawker.com/people-thinka-feminist-blogger-aborted-her-babybecaus-1685391509… I had a bunch of angry anti-feminists sending this to me and all I could think was how gullible are you?

4 Retweets 6 Favorites damyoncé @dchoppin 12 feb. ??? http://antiviral.gawker.com/peoplethink-a-feminist-blogger-aborted-herbabybecaus-1685391509/+jayhathaway…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Siglov Freudivan @DerangedRadio 12 feb. #news People Think a Feminist Blogger Aborted Her Baby Because It Was a Boy: "I stand by my dec… http://bit.ly/16YlLI4 #derangedradio 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DNS Google @DNSGoogle 12 feb.

I aborted my baby because it was a boy': Outrage after 'feminist' blogger… http://Mirror.co.uk http://dlvr.it/8WhpSH #Blogger 0 Retweet 0 Favorites All The News Is Now @AllTheNewsIsNow 12 feb.

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#Gawker People Think a Feminist Blogger Aborted Her Baby Because It Was a Boy: "I stand by my decision to abor… http://bit.ly/17neAdp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HoofitAndDonger @HoofitAndDonger 12 feb.

RT Gawker: People think a feminist blogger aborted her baby because it was a boy. http://gaw.kr/gwiAY4t 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ashley Feinberg @ashfein 12 feb. luv this retelling of the passover story MT @Gawker: People think a feminist aborted her baby because it was a boy http://gaw.kr/gwiAY4t 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jesse Berney @jesseberney 12 feb.

That baby's father? Marine Todd. RT @Gawker: People think a feminist blogger aborted her baby because it was a boy. http://gaw.kr/gwiAY4t 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 12 feb.

We're tracking a UNVERIFIED (and dubious) claim that a woman aborted a fetus after discovering it was male: http://buff.ly/1DjPmYT 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Juan Carlos S. @jcsepulveda 12 feb.

Feminist' says she aborted baby because it was a boy - The blogger describes pregnancy as a ‘diagnosis’… http://tmblr.co/ZfgIyx1dCeUU0 Retweet 0 Favorites Frank Acocella @frank8427zz9za 12 feb.

Feminist aborts baby because it was a boy - A feminist blogger, known as Lena, claims to have aborted a child beca… http://ow.ly/2UyQA4

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ed Whelan @EdWhelanEPPC 11 feb.

Deep depravity: American blogger aborts baby boy b/c she "hates the patriarchy. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/ womens-life/11405141/Has-a-womanaborted-her-baby-because-its-aboy.html…

5 Retweets 0 Favorites

- Closer http://dlvr.it/8VWby6 #Blogger 0 Retweet 0 Favorites BINGBING Celeb @BINGBINGCELEB 11 feb.

Blogger Aborted Baby Because It Was A Boy 'i've Had Bad… : http://www.thebingbing.com/celeb/ page1371.php#8… .,,,, 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

The Daily Record @Daily_Record 11 feb.

Outrage after 'feminist' blogger claimed to have aborted baby because it was a boy http://dlyr.ec/6fBYou 7 Retweets 1 Favorites

Closer Mag & Online @CloserOnline 11 feb.

Blogger aborted baby because it was a boy: 'I've had bad experiences with men' http://po.st/jI1MrH 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

Marko Sket @MarkoSket 11 feb. @lucijausaj @MarijaDrenovec Verjetno 1x predmet sodišč→ "I aborted my baby because it was a boy" ~ 'feminist' blogger http://dlvr.it/8VYwWV 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Suzy Aldridge @suzal 11 feb.

Please be satire. Please be satire.

Please be satire. http://sourcefed.com/ blogger-claims-to-have-aborted-babybecause-it-was-male/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Christian Guy @ChristianGuy_ 11 feb.

An American blogger aborted her baby because it was a boy and she 'hated the patriarchy'. She says it was liberating. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/ womens-life/11405141/Woman-abortsher-baby-because-its-a-boy-and-shehates-the-patriarchy.html…

7 Retweets 2 Favorites

matt schwarz @cubsfan630 11 feb.

Blogger Claims To Have Aborted Baby Because It Was Male http://sourcefed.com/blogger-claims-tohave-aborted-baby-because-it-wasmale/… fighting for feminism going too far? via @sourcefed 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Qwenga @bkyeyune 11 feb.

A blogger has claimed that she aborted her baby when she discovered it was a boy because of bad experiences with men http://metro.co.uk/2015/02/10/ feminist-aborted-baby-because-it-was-aboy-5056982/…

7 Retweets 0 Favorites DNS Google @DNSGoogle 11 feb.

Blogger aborted baby because it was a boy: 'I've had bad experiences with men'

330

aNGˈzīədē @Sebbbyyyy 11 feb.

This is not a feminist plase do not abort your unborn child b/c it is male. http://sourcefed.com/blogger-claims-tohave-aborted-baby-because-it-wasmale/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites SourceFed @sourcefed 11 feb.

Blogger Claims To Have Aborted Baby Because It Was Male #WTF #Extreme http://sourcefed.com/blogger-claims-tohave-aborted-baby-because-it-was-

male/…

1 Retweet 9 Favorites Jeffery McKeown @JefferyMcKeown 11 feb. @rebeccamoffatt well idk but this story is terrifying http://sourcefed.com/bloggerclaims-to-have-aborted-baby-because-itwas-male/… your free to your own opinion on this.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites General Safearion @Safearion 10 feb. @LewdHarpy Yup http://sourcefed.com/ blogger-claims-to-have-aborted-babybecause-it-was-male/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Her.ie @Herdotie 10 feb.

Self-proclaimed "Feminist" Blogger Says She Aborted Baby "Because It Was A Boy" http://www.her.ie/life/selfproclaimed-feminist-blogger-says-sheaborted-baby-because-it-was-a-boy/ 217902…

1 Retweet 2 Favorites Lee Seville @LeeSeville_UKIP 10 feb.

Blogger said that she aborted her baby boy because of bad experiences with men. Obviously not that bad! #pregnant http://metro.co.uk/2015/02/10/feministaborted-baby-because-it-was-aboy-5056982/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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2015-02-18

AN INDIAN BRIDE MARRIED A GUEST AT HER WEDDING AFTER HER FIANCE HAD A SEIZURE AND COLLAPSED The Times of India was the first outlet to report the incident. Its story attributed the claim to a spokesperson from the Milak police station, RP Solanki, who said that the groom and his family were upset and initially lodged a complaint with the police. The BBC followed up and quoted "local police official Ram Khiladi Solanki" as saying that the claim was later withdrawn. None of the families have been quoted. Also, the alleged bride's full name is missing from the original story. She is only referred to as "Indira from Rampur," though others have their full names. Many news outlets have picked up the claim, but until there is more information available to confirm all of the details, we are keeping this claim Unverified.

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/ Bareilly/Groom-unwell-bride-weds-guest-in-fit-of-rage/articleshow/ 46277810.cms Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Bareilly/Groom-unwellbride-weds-guest-in-fit-of-rage/articleshow/46277810.cms

Groom unwell, bride weds guest in fit of rage Nazar Abbas, TNN | Feb 17, 2015, 09.52PM IST RAMPUR: All was going well at the wedding ceremony of 25-yearold Jugal Kishore, a resident of Moradabad, and his 23-year-old bride Indira from Rampur. That's until the "varmala" ceremony, where the groom garlands his would-be wife, began. Just as he extended his arms to do that, Kishore had an epileptic fit, falling to the ground in front of the whole gathering. The young bride, angry that her family had been kept in the dark about Kishore's medical condition, promptly changed her mind and announced that she would happily marry at the same ceremony a guest at the wedding, a man called Harpal Singh. The latter, incidentally, turned out to be her sister's brother-in-law. Singh, caught unawares and dressed in jeans and a leather jacket, fumbled for a moment before declaring he would willingly take Indira as his wife. This time the "varmala" was exchanged between Singh and Indira, which went off without any hitch, with the pandit reciting the mantras and asking the new couple to take the seven "pheras".

Meanwhile, Kishore, who had been rushed to a doctor by his relatives, went back to the venue after he regained consciousness to see that his wife-to-be was now someone else's. Kishore pleaded with Indira, telling her that he would not be able to face friends and neighbours if he returned without her. His relatives, too, tried to intervene on his behalf. Where persuasion failed, violence was used â&#x20AC;&#x201D; spoons, plates and dishes became weapons as wedding guests tried to force the bride to change her mind. But all in vain. The young woman stood firm. Kishore and his relatives later filed an FIR at the Milak police station in Rampur district, which they eventually withdrew after elders intervened. SHO, Milak police station, RP Solanki said on Monday that cops had detained a few people who were there at the wedding. "Both families have

333

amicably resolved the matter," Solanki said. "The complaints have been withdrawn. Kishore and his family have now returned in peace to Moradabad."

The rumor has been shared 30379 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread. johnnie frankel @johnnieromance 18 feb.

BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest personally i think the original groom has had a lucky escape! http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asiaindia-31519551…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Province @theprovince 18 feb.

Angry bride in India opts to marry wedding guest after groom suffers seizure: http://theprov.in/1MyvIg7 8 Retweets 1 Favorites Millz. @Msssss_Miller 18 feb. “@Rav_0322: An Indian bride has married a guest at her wedding after her groom-to-be had a seizure & collapsed.”

She came to get married lol 4 Retweets 3 Favorites The Streetjournal @WSJforum 18 feb.

Wonders Shall Never End: Angry Indian Bride Marries Guest After Groom Had Seizure http://thestreetjournal.org/2015/ 02/wonders-shall-never-end-angryindian-bride-marries-guest-after-groomhad-seizure/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Nitesh Negi @UAkhouri1 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://goo.gl/q6sej5 #Solankidynasty #India #UttarPradesh #Rampurdistrict #BBC lm 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Ricky Mangidis @rickm18 18 feb.

This is an incredible story. MT @JoeyStyles: Bride marries wedding guest after husband has seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sadly, not The Onion @theon1on 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://dlvr.it/8d0FkK 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Arpan @Arpannnnn 18 feb. Abbotsford, British Columbia" http://www.vancouverdesi.com/news/ angry-indian-bride-opts-to-marrywedding-guest-after-groom-to-be-suffersseizure-mid-ceremony/846952/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ @AlejandroAce_ 18 feb. “@Independent: Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony ” ?¿that picture 1 Retweet 1 Favorites em-j rabbitwolf @emjrabbitwolf 18 feb.

Well hiding something like this isn't great… But to cancel? An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Anne Trujillo @annetrujillo7 18 feb.

Wait, what? She passed on the groom and married a guest instead? http://fb.me/38gu7UW1T 1 Retweet 2 Favorites Nicholas Roznovsky @modernishfather 18 feb.

More proof that it's always about the wedding and the groom is just whoever shows up at the right time. http://abc7ne.ws/1JqhI98 0 Retweet 1 Favorites ABC7 News @abc7newsBayArea 18 feb. #ICYMI: After a groom suffered a seizure before the ceremony, his bride decided to marry a wedding guest instead. http://abc7ne.ws/1ATVc2Q 11 Retweets 6 Favorites Kamran Ahmed @kamran2535 18 feb.

Quicky!don't end up that quick Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/17U9xBh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Joey Styles @JoeyStyles 18 feb.

We found a new @WWE heel Diva! Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 19 Retweets 17 Favorites JDA @the__littleman 18 feb.

HERO. 'An angry Indian bride has married a guest at her wedding after her groom-to-be had a seizure and collapsed' http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldasia-india-31519551…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Dave M @dmac4658 18 feb.

An Indian bride swapped husbands mid

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ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj Thats the thing about true love. It just #FeelsSoGood 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Greg Samples @gbsamples 18 feb. "@DRUDGE_REPORT: Bride marries wedding guest after husband has seizure during ceremony… http://drudge.tw/ 1JpU7W3 "@CommissionerM4R 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ronnie Soo @ronster500 18 feb.

Sounds to me like that guy dodged a bullet! #luckyescape :D >>>BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://bbc.in/1G1S9Wx 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Peter D. Marsay @PDMarsay 18 feb.

Strangest story of the year so far… BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ world-asia-india-31519551…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites sarah khan @sarahbaji 18 feb. “@BBCWorld: Angry Indian bride marries guest at her wedding after groom-tobe has seizure http://bbc.in/1G2dcIo ” me 0 Retweet 6 Favorites Dawson Cornwell @Dawson_Cornwell 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest in place of groom http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asiaindia-31519551…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Gary Black @GaryBlackal 18 feb.

Harsh! -->Bride Marries Wedding Guest After Indian Wedding Goes Wrong http://www.opposingviews.com/i/world/ bride-marries-wedding-guest-afterindian-wedding-goes-wrong… via @op-

posingviews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Obey The Slay @MyClutchedPearl 18 feb.

RT @ABC7: Bride marries wedding guest after groom-to-be suffers seizure during ceremony http://abc7.la/1FtnEvd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites AwakInd News @AwakIND_News 18 feb. #India #News : Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest - BBC News http://ow.ly/2UQGDD 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Enterer, I @MokenaMakeka 18 feb.

Cold as ice“@khayadlanga: : Indian bride marries wedding guest after groom has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/17U9xBh ” 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Vancouver Desi @VancouverDesi 18 feb.

Beyond Bridezilla? An Indian bride caused a stir at her own wedding when she opted to marry a guest after her… http://fb.me/22KBrNk66 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 263Chat 263@Chat 18 feb.

An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Betsy Ross @DoHoBOB 18 feb.

CARPE DIEM, YO. // Indian bride marries wedding guest after groom suffers seizure during ceremony http://abc7news.com/society/indianbride-marries-wedding-guest-aftergroom-suffers-seizure-during-ceremony/ 523353/…

1 Retweet 2 Favorites

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N. Ó Paloff @n_paloff 18 feb.

Do not faint at your own wedding. -- Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://bbc.in/1G1S9Wx 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Incognito @Mohsineen 18 feb.

Hahahahahahaha Angry indian bride marries a guest at her wedding after her groom to be had a seizure and collapsed 2 Retweets 5 Favorites Shadina J. @heybuddy1 18 feb.

Ruthless RT @ABC7Chicago An angry bride married a wedding guest after groom-to-be suffered a seizure during ceremony http://abc7.ws/1Ep6Y4a 5 Retweets 0 Favorites Javad Maher @javmaher9 18 feb.

An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj #India #marriage If this is not love at first site, then… (: 0 Retweet 0 Favorites News Today @_NewsToday_ 18 feb. #NewsToday #News Miffed bride marries wedding guest: An Indian bride makes an impromptu decision to marry a gu… http://ow.ly/sIDcZ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pinot Noir @xicacha 18 feb.

ScarJo will star… // Indian bride marries wedding guest after groom suffers seizure during ceremony http://abc7chicago.com/523353 4 Retweets 2 Favorites Devaksha Moodley @DivaMoodley 18 feb.

A bride has to do what a bride has to do…Insane! Lmao! #Indians&Weddings http://www.news24.com/World/News/ Angry-Indian-bride-marries-guest-after-

groom-has-seizure-20150218-2…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tebogo keitheile @the_tebs_ 18 feb.

Focused! "@khayadlanga: : Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/17U9xBh " 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Reagan Gomez @ReaganGomez 18 feb. “@ABC7Chicago:bride married weddingguest aftr groom suffered seizure durin ceremony: http://abc7.ws/1Ep6Y4a ”Coldworld 28 Retweets 4 Favorites KTNV Action News @KTNV 18 feb.

Indian bride marries wedding guest after groom has seizure http://on.ktnv.com/ 1Jq7RjF #NowTrending 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Rodger with a D @Noz4news 18 feb.

"Dammit, I already paid for the caterer.

And the sitar. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/asia/indian-bride-marries-weddingguest-after-husband-has-epilepticseizure-duringceremony-10053824.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Douglas Cootey ✒? @SplinteredMind 18 feb.

And wuv, tru wuv, will fowwow you foweva– http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/asia/indian-bride-marries-weddingguest-after-husband-has-epilepticseizure-duringceremony-10053824.html… #fb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rodney Pillay @SniperZN 18 feb. natural selection in motion…RT @khayadlanga : Indian bride marries

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wedding guest after husband has (cont) http://tl.gd/n_1skohpf 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DESIblitz ® @DESIblitz 18 feb.

Angry Indian Bride dumps Groom for Guest: http://bit.ly/db-indbride #bride #wedding #weddingday #India 0 Retweet 0 Favorites David D M Osano @davosano 18 feb.

An #Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj #Wedding 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Vancouver Desi @VancouverDesi 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride opts to marry wedding guest after groom-to-be suffers seizure mid-ceremony http://theprov.in/19xSc1s 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mitchell Short @thismitchell 18 feb. http://www.news24.com/World/News/ Angry-Indian-bride-marries-guest-aftergroom-has-seizure-20150218-2… wtf #wonthappeninafrica 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Redhotcurry @redhotcurry 18 feb.

Eh? One bridegroom is as good another? Bizarre tale. http://fb.me/3ZiI9kg5g 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Khaya Dlanga @khayadlanga 18 feb. : Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/17U9xBh 15 Retweets 4 Favorites DaveyoneFamilylawman @DaveyoneF 18 feb.

Miffed bride marries wedding guest @Daveyone1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/world-asia-india-31519551… An Indian bride… http://fb.me/6kEHOiFVd

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Demond D Edwards @princededwards 18 feb.

Hahaha! She said there WILL be a wedding today! The doors are open, will there be one? Will there be one? http://abc7chicago.com/society/indianbride-marries-wedding-guest-aftergroom-suffers-seizure/523353/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites trussss mi mamiii @Yasminmosa 18 feb. “@BBCWorld: Indian bride marries guest at her wedding after groom-to-be has seizure http://bbc.in/1G2dcIo ”LOL U wot 3 Retweets 2 Favorites Matthew Bate @matthewbate 18 feb.

"Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest - BBC News" http://m.bbc.co.uk/ news/world-asia-india-31519551…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Mirko Forgione @MKForgione 18 feb.

Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony. http://www.independent.co.uk/ news/world/asia/indian-bride-marrieswedding-guest-after-husband-hasepileptic-seizure-duringceremony-10053824.html…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Natalie Jennings @ngjennings 18 feb.

Indian bride ditches betrothed at the altar, marries another wedding guest instead http://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-india-31519551…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Mumtazoo @mumtazoo 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest after her groom-to-be had a seizure http://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-

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india-31519551?ocid=socialflow_twitter…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Christopher Rude @ChristopherRude 18 feb.

An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj @680tra always good to have a back-up 0 Retweet 1 Favorites ebru @histericus 18 feb. Çüşşşşş An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Davora @Davora 18 feb.

They need to put this in an India drama storyline!! >> BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://ow.ly/ Jhw1K 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Robert Davison @RobertDavison3 18 feb.

Determined to get Hitched!!! Indian Bride who ditched poorly fiancée at her wedding and married guest, True Story!! http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asiaindia-31519551…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Talwar Kaur @Talwar_Punjabi 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest. OMG….. WTF…. CRAZY #INDIA http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asiaindia-31519551…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites KirtanPPandya @KirtanPPandya 18 feb.

Damn, Indian girls are soooo messed up #nochill http://6abc.com/society/indianbride-marries-wedding-guest-aftergroom-suffers-seizure/523353/…

0 Retweet 3 Favorites

ᴼᴹᴳ itz_pindas @BOBBYPINDAS 18 feb. just#bored Angry Bride Married A Wedding Guest After Groom Got Sick MidCeremony: ‘Til de… http://elitedai.ly/ 1yYsaJV #fks#lazy#drug#Sonia 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sanki Nana @SankiNana 18 feb.

UP is also a funny place: -> BBC News Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://bbc.in/1G1S9Wx 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Abdul @Zuby215 18 feb.

No chill at all. RT "@PremiumTimesng: Angry Indian bride marries guest after groom has seizure http://dlvr.it/8cjQ5T " 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Aliyu Tanko @aliyutanko 18 feb. “@PremiumTimesng: Angry Indian bride marries guest after groom has seizure http://dlvr.it/8cjQ5T ” 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Chief Fuji @MONSIEURBLAC 18 feb.

Aso Ebi Cannot Waste. RT @BBCWorld: Angry Indian bride marries guest at her wedding after groom-to-be has seizure http://bbc.in/1G2dcIo 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Craig Silverman @CraigSilverman 18 feb.

We consider this claim Unverfiied: An Indian bride married a guest after her fiance had a seizure during the ceremony http://buff.ly/1ERAsaM 4 Retweets 2 Favorites VIDEOS WORLDWIDE @VideoTweets247 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest: World News | Watch: http://ift.tt/ 1DrIDxC

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites AKB_Freak48 @AKB_Freak48 18 feb.

BBC News Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest BBC News An Indian bride has married a… http://goo.gl/fb/ 6vujaV 0 Retweet 0 Favorites chuck farnham @weirdworld 18 feb.

Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://www.independent.co.uk/ news/world/asia/indian-bride-marrieswedding-guest-after-husband-hasepileptic-seizure-duringceremony-10053824.html…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Karen Bowman @KBow5 18 feb.

So much for #InSicknessandInHealth | An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Alberto Iniesto Díaz @AlbertoIniesto 18 feb.

Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ city/bareilly/Groom-unwell-bride-wedsguest-in-fit-of-rage/articleshow/ 46277810.cms… vía @timesofindia Aaah, l'amour…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Victor Perry @beatjunkie_ 18 feb. @NellieBee_ @ABC7Chicago http://abc7chicago.com/society/indianbride-marries-wedding-guest-aftergroom-suffers-seizure/523353/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites T @trig72 18 feb. is this love…that i'm feeling? no? shallow-ness? cold hearted-ness? An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj

0 Retweet 0 Favorites ABC11 EyewitnessNews @ABC11_WTVD 18 feb.

Bride married a wedding guest after the groom-to-be suffered a seizure during the ceremony http://abc11.tv/1EoPB3m 15 Retweets 4 Favorites Sunil Desai @sunilddesai 18 feb.

BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://ln.is/www.bbc.com/ news/DPuHw… Indian Movie Remake 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gene Killian @genethelawyer 18 feb.

What the hell, love the one you're with.

An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jim Cooper @JimCoopr 18 feb.

Trailer trash in India? An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Faiza @hifaiza 18 feb. Newport Beach, CA" "@BBCWorld: Angry Indian bride marries guest at her wedding after groom has seizure http://bbc.in/1G2dcIo " LMFAO 12 Retweets 19 Favorites SavageNation @SavageNation 18 feb.

Bride marries wedding guest after husband has seizure during ceremony… http://ow.ly/2UQg8G 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Ian McCafferty @CommunalSpoon 18 feb.

Headline of the day: #Indian bride marries wedding guest after groom has epileptic seizure http://www.independent.co.uk/news/

340

world/asia/indian-bride-marries-weddingguest-after-husband-has-epilepticseizure-duringceremony-10053824.html…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites ABC 7 Chicago @ABC7Chicago 18 feb.

An angry bride married a wedding guest after groom-to-be suffered a seizure during ceremony: http://abc7.ws/1Ep6Y4a 80 Retweets 24 Favorites BillyBabu @BillyBabu7 18 feb.

Indian Take-away story from the Big Besharm Company ! BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://bbc.in/1G1S9Wx 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Ravi @Editor_Orbat 18 feb.

Indian women rule: bridegroom did not disclose epilepsy, has fit at wedding, bride marries a guest rightaway http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asiaindia-31519551…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites sitfu.com @sitfu 18 feb. http://sitfu.com Bride marries wedding guest after husband has seizure dur… http://bit.ly/19xeeBy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Betül @BlackBetush 18 feb.

O olmadı bunla evlen… An Indian bride swapped husbands mid ceremony http://ind.pn/1LczJFj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TOPRADIO90.9 @TopRadio909 18 feb.

Indian bride marries guest when groom had seizure during ceremony. Guys need to find out what soap brand the guest used. Free wedding+Bride?

5 Retweets 0 Favorites

KENYA @callme_KENYA 18 feb.

“Time no dey @BBCWorld: Angry Indian bride marries guest at her wedding after groom seizure http://bbc.in/1G2dcIo ” 5 Retweets 0 Favorites John @John63_ 18 feb.

Pro tip: Have a plan B "@DRUDGE_REPORT: Bride marries wedding guest after husband has seizure during ceremony… http://drudge.tw/ 1JpU7W3 " 0 Retweet 1 Favorites The Independent @Independent 18 feb.

Indian bride marries wedding guest after husband has epileptic seizure during ceremony http://ind.pn/17U9xBh 84 Retweets 40 Favorites Stonermc @stonermc 18 feb.

BBC News - Angry Indian bride marries wedding guest http://bbc.in/1G1S9Wx 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Family Blawg @FamilyBlawg 18 feb.

An Indian bride has married a guest at her wedding after her groom-to-be had a seizure #quickthinking http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asiaindia-31519551…

341

2015-02-22

A CATHOLIC PRIEST WHO WAS DECLARED CLINICALLY DEAD SAYS HE MET GOD AND SHE'S A WOMAN The story first appeared on Feb. 4 on the fake news website World News Daily report. From there, it spread to legitimate sites, including a CBS radio station in Texas, Metro UK, and sites in Africa, India and France.

7 ← Summary

342

Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ catholic-priest-who-died-for-48-minutes-claims-that-god-is-a-woman/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/catholic-priest-who-diedfor-48-minutes-claims-that-god-is-a-woman/

Catholic Priest Who Died for 48 Minutes Claims That God Is A Woman February 4th, 2015 | by Barbara Johnson Boston| A Catholic priest from Massachussetts was officially dead for more than 48 minutes before medics were able to miraculously re-start his heart. During that time, Father John Micheal O’neal claims he went to heaven and met God, which he describes as a warm and comforting motherly figure. The 71-year old cleric was rushed to the hospital on January 29 after a major heart attack, but was declared clinically dead soon after his arrival. With the aid of a high-tech machine called LUCAS 2, that kept the blood flowing to his brain, doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital managed to unblock vital arteries and return his heart to a normal rhythm. The doctors were afraid he would have suffered some brain damage from the incident, but he woke up less than 48 hours later and seems to have perfectly recovered. Doctors at the Massachussetts General Hospital say that Father O’neal is extremely lucky to be alive, while he is convinced that it is God who sent him back to tell the world who “she” really is. The elderly man claims that he has clear and vivid memories of what happened to him while he was dead. He describes a strange outof-body experience, experiencing an intense feeling of unconditional love and acceptance, as well as being surrounded by an overwhelming light. He claims that at that point in his experience, he went to heaven and encountered God, which he describes as a feminine, mother-like “Being of Light”. “Her presence was both overwhelming and comforting” states the Catholic priest. “She had a soft and soothing voice and her presence was as reassuring as a mother’s embrace. The fact that God is a Holy Mother instead of a Holy Father doesn’t disturb me, she is everything I hoped she would be and even more!” The declarations of the cleric caused quite a stir in the catholic clergy 343

of the archdiocese over the last few days, causing the Archbishop to summon a press conference to try and calm the rumors. The Archbishop of Boston, Cardinal Sean P. O’Malley, made a public statement this morning stating that Father O’neal suffered hallucinations linked to a near-death experience and that God clearly isn’t a female. Despite the disapproval of his superiors, Father O’neal says that he will continue dedicating his life to God and spread the word of the “Holy Mother”. “I wish to continue preaching” says the elderly cleric. “I would like to share my new knowledge of the Mother, the Son and the Holy Ghost with all catholics and even all Christians. God is great and almighty despite being a woman…” The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston has not confirmed however, if they will allow Father O’neal to resume his preaching in his former parish in South Boston.

The rumor has been shared 210920 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Coco Pazzo @CocoPazzo 22 feb. via @Spiegro Priest claims to have met G-d & she's a girl! http://netloid.com/ news/catholic-priest-dies-for-48-minutescomes-back-to-life-and-claims-god-isfemale…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Adam Lee @DaylightAtheism 22 feb. http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female… Heh. Clinically dead Catholic priest is revived, claims he met God and she's a woman.

3 Retweets 0 Favorites Roger O'Keeffe @rogerokeeffe 22 feb.

So Jesus was the child of a gay couple? @Iona_Institute #SSM "@SurrealAnarchy: God is a woman - the proof: http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female…"

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

344

brotherhebrew @brotherhebrew 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Who Died For 48 Minutes Claims God Is 'Female' http://shar.es/ 1WccU9 via @sharethis 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Veronica Monet @VeronicaMonet 22 feb.

"God is great and almighty despite being a woman” Dead for 48 minutes, Catholic Priest claims God is female #Feminism http://starrfmonline.com/ 1.2002887#.VOpOtHFtwc0.twitter…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Martin Robinson @SurrealAnarchy 22 feb.

God is a woman - the proof: http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female…

3 Retweets 2 Favorites Bhai Baldeep Singh @bhaibaldeep 22

feb.

Oops! Dear Mommy, why was I always made to believe that you were a Daddy?… http://fb.me/3PQeZlEXw 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Fortean UK @fortean_uk 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female http://netloid.com/news/catholicpriest-dies-for-48-minutes-comes-backto-life-and-claims-god-is-female…

4 Retweets 2 Favorites THE FRONT PAGES @Independent_SCO 22 feb.

No, a priest didn't meet a female God after he died for 48 minutes http://metro.co.uk/2015/02/22/priest-whodied-for-48-minutes-says-he-met-godand-shes-a-woman-5073797/… via @MetroUK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites NetNaija.com @netnaija 22 feb. #NetNaija 'God is a Female' - Catholic Priest who Returned from Dead: A catholic priest from Masschussetts, wh… http://bit.ly/1LuMISY 0 Retweet 0 Favorites CEO @NetNaija @emmanuelbridge 22 feb. #NetNaija 'God is a Female' - Catholic Priest who Returned from Dead: A catholic priest from Masschussetts, wh… http://bit.ly/1B7zHNM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matthew M @PnubK1 22 feb.

Dead for 48 minutes, Catholic Priest claims God is female #SickSadWorld http://starrfmonline.com/1.2002887 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Allie Lahn @allie_lahn 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Dies[], Comes Back to

345

Life and Claims God Is Female http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female… Death is scary who wouldn't 'see' their mom?

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Alex Cole @alexthecole 22 feb. #comforting but if blood was still going to his brain was he "dead" or just tripping on DMT? http://buff.ly/1EFgu3a 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mekubalim @Mekubalim 22 feb.

Priest Dies For 48 Minutes, Claims God Is A Female: By Steven Bancarz| I saw a story yeste… http://bit.ly/19YAtAG via @Spirit Science 0 Retweet 0 Favorites area51 . org @area51org 22 feb.

The Anomalist: Dead For 48 Minutes, Catholic Priest Claims God Is Female STARR FM http://bit.ly/19YAmVL 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Michael Wilde @WestgarthEnt 22 feb.

Seems Misogynists do go to hell.

Catholic Priest Dies For 48 Minutes, Claims God Is A Female http://shar.es/ 1W5UmH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DrKJam @drkjam 22 feb.

Heart warming news story http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female… Why is it deemed so vital to the church that God can't be female? #dogma 0 Retweet 0 Favorites a dubious pronoun @GivMeUrIndieLit 22 feb. http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female… Priest tem-

porarily dies, sees "God," claims she is a woman. Cardinal not convinced. "God clearly isn't a female.

4 Retweets 1 Favorites Roloogschaap @RollaugeSchaf 22 feb.

Ja Lap! Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female http://netloid.com/news/ catholic-priest-dies-for-48-minutescomes-back-to-life-and-claims-god-isfemale…

2 Retweets 3 Favorites Brenda L. Bates 1@GR8SPRT 22 feb.

I can see Fr. John Michael Oneal's proclamation of God being female and how dare Cardinal Sean P. O'Malley… http://fb.me/7eDtQrEj8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites litux @litux 22 feb.

Dead for 48 minutes, Catholic Priest claims God is female #god #female #vrouw http://m.starrfmonline.com/ 1.2002887 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Peter Burger @JPeterBurger 22 feb.

WTF.nl: Priester ziet bij bijnadoodervaring God: Ze is een vrouw http://ow.ly/ JsQIa Bron is fakenieuwssite http://ow.ly/ JsQP0 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Neil Murphy @nmurchu 22 feb.

Glad we cleared that up > No, a priest didn't meet a female God after he died for 48 minutes http://metro.co.uk/2015/ 02/22/priest-who-died-for-48-minutessays-he-met-god-and-shes-awoman-5073797/… via @MetroUK 0 Retweet 1 Favorites SlicNic647f @AWarriorCitizen 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Who Died For 48 Minutes

346

Claims God Is 'Female' http://yournewswire.com/catholic-priestwho-died-for-48-minutes-claims-god-isfemale/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 1Push Naija 1@PushNaija 22 feb.

NET Extra: Back-from-the-dead Catholic priest claims God is a female http://1push.com.ng/net-extra-back-fromthe-dead-catholic-priest-claims-god-is-afemale/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Meh-ssica @Jercse 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female http://netloid.com/news/catholicpriest-dies-for-48-minutes-comes-backto-life-and-claims-god-is-female… Oh snap!

1 Retweet 4 Favorites Simon @a57998 22 feb.

Resusitated Catholic priest claims God is "a warm and comforting motherly figure. http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites yeniturqiye @yeniturqiye 22 feb.

Oldukten 48 dakika sonra tekrar hayata donen papaz cennet ve tanri tecruesini anlatmis. Nasil makineymis su LUCAS2 http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites MockingGrey @GreyTheTick 22 feb. http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female… that last sentence. Clearly. Cleeaaarrrly.

3 Retweets 7 Favorites

Ben Fatherree @BenFatherree 22 feb. @JoeRoganEXP God is great and almighty despite being a woman… http://tinyurl.com/kggqvzn #DMT #pinealgland 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Heather on the Hill @BullinThe 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Min. Comes Back to Life, says God Is Female http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female… @Pontifex this priest needs to keep his job!

0 Retweet 0 Favorites elfan yunior @elfanyunior 22 feb.

Mampang Prapatan, DKI Jakarta" Jadi masalah kah Tuhan itu laki-laki atau perempuan? http://netloid.com/news/ catholic-priest-dies-for-48-minutescomes-back-to-life-and-claims-god-isfemale…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites VioletWisp @Violet_wisp 22 feb.

So, this is interesting. Probably won't end up effecting anything, but interesting. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/deadfor-48-minutes-this-catholic-priest-claimsgod-is-female/1/420203.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Catholic Secular New @cathsecnews 22 feb. #Catholic #Christian Dead for 48 minutes, this Catholic Priest claims God is female - SeeandS… http://bit.ly/1B3CPdj #News #Headlines 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Marc A Rodriguez @MarcARodriguez 22 feb. http://netloid.com/news/catholic-priestdies-for-48-minutes-comes-back-to-lifeand-claims-god-is-female…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

347

Nadya Ginsburg @nadyaginsburg 22 feb. “@KINGRALPHYNYC: Catholic Priest Who Died For 48 Minutes Claims God Is 'Female' http://fb.me/3zyJcbDBz ” - AND DIDN'T GET EQUAL PAY 2 Retweets 2 Favorites A Fan of Reddit.com @I_am_Reddit 22 feb. [nottheonion] Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female: submitted by… http://bit.ly/1B3yE17 0 Retweet 1 Favorites KING RALPHY OFFICIAL @KINGRALPHYNYC 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Who Died For 48 Minutes Claims God Is 'Female' http://fb.me/ 3zyJcbDBz 2 Retweets 1 Favorites REDDITSPAMMOR @REDDITSPAMMOR 22 feb. #reddit Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female: submitted… http://bit.ly/ 1FcMfkf #rulez 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jorge D. Bernal @JorgeBernal 22 feb.

Cura católico muere por 48 minutos, vuelve a la vida y dice que conoció a Dios, y es mujer…. http://fb.me/3TrkLjWbA 2 Retweets 6 Favorites Strange Stuff @strangestuff 22 feb.

Dead for 48 minutes, Catholic Priest claims God is female #strange http://bit.ly/1LsDarA 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Rachael French @DrRachaelF 22 feb.

Well, I don't believe in God, but if I did,

she'd be a She. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/deadfor-48-minutes-this-catholic-priest-claimsgod-is-female/1/420203.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites pathramonline.com @pathramonline 22 feb. ൈദവം രസ്ത്ീയാെണന്ന് മരണത്തില്‍ നിന്ന് തിരുച്ചു വന്ന ൈവദീകന്‍http://goo.gl/jierXX http://fb.me/1E4i6Kva3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Its Not The Onion @ItsNotTheOnion 22 feb.

Dead for 48 minutes, Catholic Priest claims God is female http://ift.tt/ 1D4EWeL #nottheonion 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The People's Voice @PeoplesVoice_TV 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Who Died For 48 Minutes Claims God Is ‘Female’ http://yournewswire.com/catholic-priestwho-died-for-48-minutes-claims-god-isfemale/#sthash.oRmaNqte.dpuf…

3 Retweets 2 Favorites Oneindia Malayalam @thatsMalayalam 22 feb. ൈദവം രസ്ത്ീയാെണന്ന് മരണത്തില്‍ നിന്നും തിരിച്ചുവന്ന ൈവദികന്‍ http://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/international/catholic-priest-claims-god-isfemale-131013.html… #Catholic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Yaakov @yaakov_h 22 feb.

Catholic Priest who was dead for 48 minutes says he experienced the presence of G-d, who is female: http://pulse.ng/religion/in-america-catholic-priest-diesfor-48-mins-wakes-up-claiming-god-is-awoman-id3503570.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

348

Its Not The Onion @ItsNotTheOnion 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female http://ift.tt/1D3Xtb5 #nottheonion 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Bernie King @BernardKingIII 22 feb.

Catholic priest has near death experience, claims he met God & she's a woman. http://kvil.cbslocal.com/2015/02/ 21/catholic-priest-claims-god-isfemale/#.VOkmRUdwz0w.twitter…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites uoslo ʞ ɯɐpɐ @adamkolson 22 feb.

Mass. Catholic priest (71) dies for 48 minutes, comes back to life, and claims god is female: http://netloid.com/news/ catholic-priest-dies-for-48-minutescomes-back-to-life-and-claims-god-isfemale…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Nosferatu @iam_nosferatu 22 feb.

Priest who died, went to heaven & returned says God revealed to be female.

Holy Mother! http://pulse.ng/religion/inamerica-catholic-priest-dies-for-48-minswakes-up-claiming-god-is-a-womanid3503570.html… @SMShow @msnbc @cnn @BBC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bruce Bartlett @BruceBartlett 22 feb.

Catholic Priest Claims God Is Female After Clinically Dead Experience. http://cbsloc.al/1zwcLS4 5 Retweets 4 Favorites Netloid @Netloid 22 feb.

"Catholic Priest Dies for 48 Minutes, Comes Back to Life and Claims God Is Female" http://ift.tt/1wbk0mJ netloid #new #breaking 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Jay Thomas @Jaysus_Almighty 22 feb.

I knew it! Catholic Priest Who Died For 48 Minutes Claims God Is 'Female' http://yournewswire.com/catholic-priestwho-died-for-48-minutes-claims-god-isfemale/â&#x20AC;Ś 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

349

2015-02-25

THE WOMAN BEHIND THE HUGELY POPULAR DISNEY COLLECTOR YOUTUBE CHANNEL IS A FORMER PORN STAR The Daily Mail published a story on Feb 24 that said the woman in the videos used to do porn under the name Sandy Summers. It alleges that she is a Brazilian who now lives in Orlando and goes by the name Daiane DeJesus. The story cites anonymous former neighbors who it says confirmed that it is DeJesus' voice on the videos, and that she was a porn actor. It also reported that the ex-wife of DeJesus's partner confirmed that the couple is behind the YouTube account. Due to the abundance of anonymous sources and the lack of definitive proof that

7 ← Summary

350

Theorical Analysis → 375

DeJesus is the woman in the videos, and that she was a porn star, we are keeping this Unverified.

351

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-2958242/ Brazilian-former-porn-star-Diane-DeJesus-mystery-figure-5million-yearYouTube-sensation-DC-Toys-Collector.html Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2958242/Brazilian-formerporn-star-Diane-DeJesus-mystery-figure-5million-year-YouTubesensation-DC-Toys-Collector.html

Mystery woman behind the 'richest hands on the internet' revealed: Former pornstar 'makes $5m a year unwrapping Disney toys on YouTube'

By Paul Thompson In Orlando, Florida The highest paid 'performer' on You Tube, who is said to earn almost $5m a year unwrapping toys, is a former porn star called Sandy Summers, neighbours have told DailyMail.com.

Brazilian Daiane DeJeus was named by a family friend as the woman behind the wildly successful collection of children's videos that have been watched a staggering 2.8billion times. And former neighbours of the mysterious internet star have revealed to Daily Mail.com her secret past - which could explain her desire to remain completely anonymous. For years they knew her as Daiane DeJesus who lived in a suburban home with her long-term partner Messias Credido. But they also discovered she was once a porn star called Sandy Summers.

The rumor has been shared 5751 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Matt Hartman @ShorealoneFilms 26 feb.

YouTube's Insanely Popular Disney Collector Might Be This Ex Porn Star

352

http://newsfeed.gawker.com/youtubesinsanely-popular-disney-collector-mightbe-thi-1688183286â&#x20AC;Ś 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Sandhya Somashekhar @sandhyawp 26 feb.

Disney Collector youtube channel has hushed my kid more than once. Do I care if she's maybe a former porn star? Naah: http://newsfeed.gawker.com/youtubesinsanely-popular-disney-collector-mightbe-thi-1688183286…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Emergent @EmergentDotInfo 26 feb.

Has the mystery woman unboxing Disney/DC Toys been revealed? http://buff.ly/17ACTnr #UNVERIFIED 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Zennie Abraham @zennie62 25 feb.

Disney Collector, MAJOR YouTube Children Show Host, Was A Porn Star… – NewMediaRockstars http://ift.tt/1DWC32k #youtube 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Disney toys actually a porn star? We’ve got the story http://ow.ly/JBUTj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mike McIntyre @mikeoncrime 24 feb.

Anyways, I just had to share that a lawyer tried to prevent us, and you, from hearing about a child porn collector. Outrageous.

5 Retweets 2 Favorites Mike McIntyre @mikeoncrime 24 feb.

So, without ban in place, I can give you the name of the child porn collector, Luke Brandon Neumann, and report all the facts of his case.

7 Retweets 1 Favorites Daily Mail Femail @Femail 24 feb.

Meet the former pornstar who 'makes $5m a year unwrapping Disney toys on YouTube' http://dailym.ai/1DkkOFA 5 Retweets 1 Favorites

Noah Fairbanks @NoahFairbanks 25 feb.

Former #Brazilian #pornstar is behind $5million a yr #YouTube sensation #Disney Collector http://dailym.ai/1acckqn 3 Retweets 0 Favorites

Inquisitr News @theinquisitr 24 feb.

Former Porn Star Behind YouTube Sensation 'DC Toy Collector', Makes $5 Million Per Year Unboxing Disney Toys http://inq.cm/1adrjjU 3 Retweets 1 Favorites

Davison @DavisonVideo 25 feb.

DisneyCollectorBR, also known as DC Toy Collector on YouTube, who netted over $5 million last year, is a former porn star. Hilarious.

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

The Real Anonymous @anon99percenter 24 feb. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2950399/Chilling-images-insideFlorida-pedophile-s-home-stored-onemillion-child-pornography-files.html…

Chilling images inside home of Florida child porn collector who had amassed ONE MILLION files 3 Retweets 0 Favorites

van note @WisDom_KiSS 25 feb. ลูกชายน้ังดูทุกวันไม่เคยเห็นหน้าซะที ในท่ีสุดก็รู้ซะทีว่าชีคือใคร ลูกชายเป็นแฟนตัวยงนักแกะของเล่น… http://fb.me/6qsceqyis 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Inside Edition @InsideEdition 24 feb.

Is the YouTube star behind unwrapping

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Lyss Stern @divamoms 24 feb.

Brazilian former PORN STAR 'is behind YouTube star DC Toys Collector' http://dailym.ai/1acckqn via @MailOnline oh great! My 11 year old will

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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2015-02-26

A RUSSIAN MAN MET A WOMAN FOR A DRINK IN A SAUNA AND WOKE UP TO FIND HIS TESTICLES STOLEN The claim first originated with Russian outlet Life News, which interviewed the 30-year-old Moscow resident at the hospital. A video of the victim with his face concealed is included in their report, but they failed to include his name or the names of police officials. That report was picked up by the Daily Mail. Their story identified him as Dmitry Nikolaev, 30, a TV soap opera actor. As of now there is no confirmation from police or other authorities about the claim. (The Mail only quoted an anonymous "police source.")

7 â&#x2020;? Summary

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Theorical Analysis â&#x2020;&#x2019; 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://lifenews.ru/news/150348 Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://lifenews.ru/news/150348

В Москве полиция ищет преступницу, вырезавшую у мужчины половые органы 12:25 25 февраля 2015 30-летнего жителя Москвы госпитализировали с ранениями весьма интимного характера. Как стало известно LifeNews, попав в руки врачей, мужчина пожаловался, что случайная знакомая опоила его в сауне, а потом аккуратно провела ему операцию по кастрации. Причем действия преступницы были выполнены с хирургической точностью — женщина сшила все самые мелкие сосуды.

— Я познакомился с девушкой в баре, а потом мы поехали в сауну на такси. Помню, что выпил пива, и больше ничего не помню, — рассказал Роман представителям правоохранительных органов. В больнице мужчина сутки провел в реанимации, врачи были вынуждены провести повторную операцию на тестикулах. — Я думал, что у меня всего лишь порез, но в больнице мне сообщили, что мне удалили яички, — рассказал Роман о своих печальных похождениях. — Пациенту провели буквально ювелирную операцию — ему вырезали яички и сшили сосуды. Можно сказать, что операцию проводил либо врач, либо ветеринар, — говорят врачи. Интересно, что супруга пострадавшего мужчины до сих пор уверена, что ее муж попал в больницу из-за операции на половых органах, вызванной тяжелым заболеванием.

The rumor has been shared 46769 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

C C Brockhoff @CBrockhoffcc36 26 feb.

Married TV presenter has testicles stolen in Russian sauna http://www.news.com.au/world/europe/ what-happened-when-a-married-tv-

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presenter-took-a-hot-blonde-to-a-russiansauna/story-fnh81p7g-1227240800554…

Tough lesson but I suspect he won't be cheating again.

0 Retweet 1 Favorites

TheAfrocentricAsian @jmood88 26 feb.

Hey @Royceda59, it looks like some Russian women has been listening to Part of Me http://www.gistus.com/58328/ married-russian-man-wakes-findtesticles-stolen-making-mysterywoman…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Ryan_UKIP @arsenalUKIPer 26 feb.

Russian man has testicles STOLEN after he's drugged by woman working for organ traffickers http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ news/article-2969992/Married-TV-actorwakes-testicles-STOLEN-druggedRussian-bar-attractive-blonde-workingorgan-traffickers.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

I.G @abadjossy @AbadJossy 26 feb.

Russian TV actor, Dmitry Nikolaev wakes up to find his testicles stolen by organ traffickers: Police in Russia… http://bit.ly/ 1LOcJN5 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Project Archivist @ProjectArchivis 26 feb.

First Kidney thieves, now testicle thieves. http://www.gistus.com/58328/marriedrussian-man-wakes-find-testicles-stolenmaking-mystery-woman…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites

The Da Pinchi Code @DaPinchiCode 26 feb.

TV actor wakes to find testicles STOLEN after Russian bar drugging by blonde http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2969992/Married-TV-actor-wakestesticles-STOLEN-drugged-Russian-barattractive-blonde-working-organtraffickers.html#ixzz3Stcm5Jcz… @MailOnline 0 Retweet 1 Favorites VIDEO2FONE @VIDEO2FONE 26 feb.

What The Hell: Married TV actor wakes up to find his testicles have been STOLEN http://dailym.ai/180PYq9 via @MailOnline 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Maximo @maximosis 26 feb.

Actor Wakes Up to Find His Testicles Have Been Stolen after He Is Seduced and Drugged in Bar by Attractive Blonde http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2969992/Married-TV-actor-wakestesticles-STOLEN-drugged-Russian-barattractive-blonde-working-organtraffickers.html…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites

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Irish Sun @IrishSunOnline 26 feb.

An actor woke to find his testicles had been stolen by organ traffickers after being drugged in a bar by a hot blonde http://sunpl.us/60180Ii2 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Pam Howell @BookaliciousPam 26 feb.

Dude, where's my balls? http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2969992/Married-TV-actor-wakestesticles-STOLEN-drugged-Russian-barattractive-blonde-working-organtraffickers.html…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Bitch#4 @koriatchley 26 feb.

This Soap Opera Star Reportedly Had His Testicles Stolen By An ‘Attractive Blonde’ Organ Trafficker http://uproxx.it/ 1Fxd7vn via @UPROXX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites American White @AmericanWhiteHM 26 feb.

Ouch! Russian TV actor wakes up to find his testicles have been STOLEN by organ traffickers. http://fb.me/25xUV0OYj

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Asher Wolf @Asher_Wolf 26 feb.

A married Russian actor was drugged and has his testicles surgically removed while he was unconscious http://www.joe.ie/news/jaysus-a-marriedrussian-actor-was-drugged-and-had-histesticles-stolen/ 486460?utm_content=buffer71c61&utm_ medium=Social+organic&utm_source=T witter&utm_campaign=Buffer…

9 Retweets 3 Favorites Brian Keogh @IrishGolfDesk 26 feb.

His name is not Allenby. MT @JOEdotie: Married Russian actor drugged and has testicles stolen http://bit.ly/182TyQz 1 Retweet 0 Favorites JOE.ie @JOEdotie 26 feb.

Jaysus, a married Russian actor was drugged and had his testicles stolen http://bit.ly/182TyQz 18 Retweets 16 Favorites Australia Trends @australizer 26 feb.

Married TV presenter has testicles stolen in Russian sauna #australia http://australia.trendolizer.com/2015/02/ married-tv-presenter-has-testicles-stolenin-russian-sauna.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites John Jannuzzi @johnjannuzzi 26 feb.

This man had his testicles harvested: http://www.gq.com/blogs/the-feed/2015/ 02/russian-actor-drugged-has-testiclesstolen-by-attractive-blonde.html…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites N Barnes @nbarnes414 26 feb.

Update on the stolen kidney!! #Folklore6770 http://snopes.com : Russian Star Has Testicles Stolen http://po.st/vulYdL via @po_st 1 Retweet 1 Favorites

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26 feb.

Married man finds his testicles stolen by organ traffickers after meeting an attractive woman: http://sunpl.us/60140xwo

2015-03-02

400 MEN WERE CASTRATED ON THE ORDERS OF AN INDIAN SPIRITUAL GURU The story emerged in late December 2014 when Justice K Kannan of the High Court ordered India's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to investigate a petition filed by Hans Raj Chauha, who was a follower of Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh. Chauha's filing claimed that roughly 400 other followers were forcibly castrated inside an ashram. In late Feb., the Sydney Morning Herald reported on the case, setting off a cascade of reports in Western media. This claim is Unverified until the accusations are proven in court.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/ dera-sacha-sauda-head-got-followers-castrated-to-protect-sadhvis-from -sexual-exploitation-petitioner/article1-1300920.aspx Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/dera-sacha-sauda-headgot-followers-castrated-to-protect-sadhvis-from-sexualexploitation-petitioner/article1-1300920.aspx

Dera Sacha Sauda chief faces castration charges "Sat Singh, Hindustan Times, Rohtak| Updated: Dec 28, 2014 01:09 IST " Days after the Punjab and Haryana High Court asked the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to probe the mass castration of fulltime followers of Sirsa-based Dera Sacha Sauda chief Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh, the petitioner in the case has revealed the castrations were done to safeguard sadhvis (female full-time followers) from possible sexual advances. Hans Raj, the petitioner, told Hindustan Times, “The culture of initiating female devotees as full-timers was started by Dera chief Gurmeet Ram Rahim and he was concerned about possible sexual advances by male fulltimers (sadhus). Such followers, who would become impotent, can be used as potent weapon against his enemies”. "Hans Raj was a sadhu in Dera Sacha Sauda from 1996 to 2012 and worked as a musician for Dera chief’s religious programmes. Hans Raj said he was awed by Dera chief’s power. But when one after another sadhus who dared to raise voice against the chief were eliminated, he decided to face his fear by filing petition for a CBI probe in July, 2012. The court had then directed the state government to investigate the case and a medical examination found his testis surgically removed, which is in sync with his claims that over 400 followers were castrated at Sirsa Dera. On why they agreed to undergo castration, Gurdas Singh Toor alias Bitu (46), a witness in this case, claimed it was done on the pretext that removing testis would lead to salvation. “Castrated followers were not allowed to meet their family or venture outside DSS campus on their own,” he said. While handing over the probe to CBI, the HC had observed that Haryana police’s investigation was worthless. Dera Sacha Sauda spokesperson Dr Aditya Insan rubbished the allegations.

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He said all the allegations were false and baseless and the petitioner in the case had left dera 3 years ago. He said the controversies were the handiwork of drug mafia who were up in arms against them. " The rumor has been shared 86255 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

John Size @John_Size 3 mar.

Yup, this 'guru of bling' convinced 400 followers to be castrated. That's gotta hurt. http://bit.ly/1EKZwmh #OddNews #guru 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Naomi Elana Zener @satiricalmama 3 mar.

Too bad this dude couldn't trick the rapists of the world to follow him & be castrated, too: http://www.nationalpost.com/m/wp/news/ blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com/ 2015/03/03/gurmeet-ram-rahim-singhindian-guru-masscastrations&pubdate=2015-03-03…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Patriot Post @Patriot_Post 3 mar.

GONNA REGRET THAT ONE! | "India’s ‘guru of bling’ accused of tricking 400 followers into being castrated to meet God" http://natpo.st/1DQ3U1N 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Marshall Pelletier @_Reynard_ 3 mar.

So #GuruOfBling followers get castrated to be closer to God. At least they won't be reproducing. @RichardDawkins http://tinyurl.com/mhl2a59 0 Retweet 0 Favorites KC Atheist Coalition @KCAtheists 3 mar.

Investigators have discovered that 400

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followers of an Indian guru have castrated themselves to get closer to God: http://ow.ly/JOPy0 0 Retweet 0 Favorites SaveAAREY My Lungs @bankim_boss 3 mar. @BJP4India's supporter got 400 followers Castrated http://www.inquisitr.com/ 1886423/how-did-the-guru-in-blingget-400-followers-to-castratethemselves/… Now Bigger Q what about 1600/2000/2400 children #StayUnited 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Fook & Mishell @FML949 2 mar. #Gross 400 men get #castrated to get closer to @god because Ram Rahim Singh said so. #FML @Alt949 http://www.smh.com.au/world/masscastrations-officers-crack-code-ofsilence-of-followers-of-indian-guru-ramrahim-20150225-13o0z8.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites caroline 39@caroline 2 mar.

Indian pop-star guru allegedly convinced 400 men to be castrated http://bit.ly/ 1E75Tj9 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Atheist Post @AtheistPost 2 mar.

Castrated for God: 400 guru devotees http://bit.ly/1E84BEH 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Matt @ManonaSoapbox 1 mar.

Castrated for God: 400 guru devotees: “Saint” Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Ji Insan, above, a multi-millionaire Ind… http://bit.ly/1wFFLWq 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Subrata Banik @subratabanik 1 mar.

The 400 castrated men could have gotten married to neo-feminists and achieved the similar results. http://shar.es/1W8sS6 #justsaying 0 Retweet 1 Favorites NieL Bianconeri ☸♊ ☮ @KnightCrawler_7 1 mar. @causticbob 400 followed their master’s advice and castrated themselves in an effort to meet God directly. http://m.smh.com.au/world/masscastrations-officers-crack-code-ofsilence-of-followers-of-indian-guru-ramrahim-20150225-13o0z8.html… @TheRevAl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pierre A Renaud @par1138 28 feb.

400 followers of indian guru Ram Rahim castrated themselves in order to meet #God http://www.smh.com.au/world/ mass-castrations-officers-crack-code-ofsilence-of-followers-of-indian-guru-ramrahim-20150225-13o0z8.html… #wtf #religion #humor #india 0 Retweet 1 Favorites TeamAnimalⓋoice @TeamAnimalVoice 28 feb. @grm_chikn Bet the guru who said they should do it didn't get castrated. He must have been VERY convincing!

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Gerard Fitzpatrick @GerardYNWA 28 feb.

“Jasus, Why Why Why @EamoD Guru allegedly presuaded 400 men to get cas-

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trated http://www.sundayworld.com/ news/crime-world/guru-talked-400-meninto-castration… #ouch ” 0 Retweet 1 Favorites John Dempsey @J_J_Dempsey 28 feb. “@EamoD: Eek. Guru allegedly presuaded 400 men to get castrated http://www.sundayworld.com/news/ crime-world/guru-talked-400-men-intocastration… #ouch That took some balls!

0 Retweet 4 Favorites NAVKIRAN SINGH @singhlawyers 28 feb.

Guru Gurmeet Singh Convinced 400 Men To Get Castrated To 'Meet God.' Now They're Really Angry http://www.indiatimes.com/wwws/india/ guru-gurmeet-singh-convinced-400-mento-get-castrated-to-meet-god-now-theyrereally-angry-230604.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Steven @mrgrumpysteven 28 feb.

Castrated Followers Turn Against Guru http://www.reddit.com/r/atheism/comments/2xf44r/castrated_followers_turn_against_guru/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Earl Merkel @EarlMerkel 27 feb.

Apparently, this revelation could be placed in our "Information They Could Have Used Yesterday" -files. http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/ 2015/02/26/castrated-followers-sideagainst-guru.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Benedikt M. Schäfer @AS_Grad 27 feb.

Life Pro Tip: If some 'spiritual leader' tells you to castrate yourself--don't do it! |DailyBeast http://ow.ly/JIWIH #ReligiousExtremism

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jason Overdorf @joverdorf 27 feb.

Talking to god is not worth getting castrated, say post-op followers of "guru in bling" - http://www.thedailybeast.com/ cheats/2015/02/26/castrated-followersside-against-guru.html… #indiareporters #feedly 0 Retweet 0 Favorites JO LEE @joleemagazine 27 feb.

BREAKING NEWS: Castrated Followers Side Against Guru: http://New.com.au – HE is adored by millions of foll… http://bit.ly/1LMMvbZ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Michael Blaustein @mikeblaustein 26 feb.

Really!?! There's something fishy about the "guru of bling" and the 400 men he convinced to get castrated? http://nypost.com/2015/02/26/guru-ofbling-probed-after-mass-castration/…

5 Retweets 1 Favorites Bleu Eyes @Recalcitrant793 26 feb.

400 followers of "guru" report allowing themselves to be castrated to "be able to speak to god"……it didn't work http://mobile.news.com.au/world/ followers-of-indian-guru-ram-rahimbreak-silence-about-mass-castration/ story-fndir2ev-1227240038028…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites

beast: 400 castrated followers say “Guru in Bling” misled them about meeting God http://thebea.st/1DZwJvl 0 Retweet 1 Favorites John Galt @JohnGaltTCMC 26 feb.

Seriously? Insanity!!! Castrated Followers Side Against Guru http://thebea.st/ 18oVkN8 via @thedailybeast 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Slantpoint® Now @slantpointnow 26 feb. thedailybeast: 400 castrated followers say India’s “Guru in Bling” misled them about meeting God http://thebea.st/ 1DZwJvl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Max Bancroft @max_bancroft 26 feb.

We #atheists will try not to laugh: "400 followers of Mr Singh, castrated themselves in an effort to meet God" http://www.smh.com.au/world/masscastrations-officers-crack-code-ofsilence-of-followers-of-indian-guru-ramrahim-20150225-13o0z8.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Watchman Fellowship @wfministry 6 feb.

(News) Guru allegedly conspired to murder journalist, ordered castration for 400 devotees and abused women http://dailym.ai/1ELv7Fy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

KewriousJumla @Kewrious 26 feb. @bdutt what"'s the story here? "@thedailybeast: 400 castrated followers say India’s “Guru in Bling” misled them http://ln.is/thedailybeast…"

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Understand Religions @uwreligions 6 feb.

Police investigate guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated http://fb.me/ 1wopLW4Q0 0 Retweet 1 Favorites

Robert MacMillan @bobbymacReports 26 feb.

Better luck next time. RT @thedaily-

James Walker @jkwwfi 5 feb.

INDIA: Guru ordered castration for 400 devotees. Gurmeet Ram Rahim also fac-

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ing murder trial: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html#ixzz3QpwqD1F9…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jack @yaksprat 31 jan.

Guru investigated who ordered 400 followers castrated 2b closer to God; Hmm, eunuchs!!!….WTNoF http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html… via @MailOnline 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lee Vickers LWi @LIGHTWorkersi 14 jan.

Spiritual Guru Being Investigated For Allegedly Convincing Hundreds Of Followers To Be Castrated http://bit.ly/1xqSqLS 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Roger Heaton @RogerTShrubber 12 jan.

Monday links - "Nearer my God to Thee?" Not if this is involved…… http://fb.me/3emS8HGMG 0 Retweet 0 Favorites TheEconomicCollapse @Revelation1217 11 jan.

Guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated 'so they could be closer to God' is investiga http://is.gd/aAdDf9 #faith #strange #wor 3 Retweets 1 Favorites Manolete John Garcia @MJGarciaKCMO 11 jan.

This guru told 400 of his followers that if they agreed to be castrated, something special would happen. Well,… http://fb.me/6W5kQoXvP

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0 Retweet 0 Favorites humansofncr @HumansOFncr 10 jan.

Shocking truth about #MSGTheFilm and Guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated ‘so th… http://humansofncr.com/shocking-truthmsgthefilm-guru-ordered-400-followerscastrated-closer-god/…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites brownOUT @JHWalz32 10 jan.

Did not 1 of 400 say, "You FIRST!" http://rightwingnews.com/religion/gurucommanded-400-followers-summarilycastrated-closer-god-investigatedgrievous-bodily-harm-india/… Darwinism has its place.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Fran Gage-Asher @Tastic1 10 jan.

Guru who commanded 400 followers to be castrated is investigated for grievous bodily harm in India http://shar.es/1HVdWw 0 Retweet 0 Favorites jcbaran @jcbaran 10 jan. hang on to all your bodily parts - for as long as you can - and run from wacky gurus http://fb.me/3baqI5kHp 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Angela Graham-West @RepubCCwAngela 10 jan.

File this under: There is a danger in becoming a "crowd follower"…. http://fb.me/ 7i185axuB 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DRP News Link @DRPNewsLink 10 jan.

Guru Orders 400 Followers To Be Castrated So They Can Be ‘Closer To God’ http://ift.tt/1x7tfhf 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

lou ferreira @astroloupicus 10 jan.

India guru ordered 400 followers to be castrated ‘so they could be closer to God’ http://wp.me/p11uXw-mCH 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Basque Lady #PJNET @Basquelady2u 10 jan.

Police investigate guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated. http://tiny.iavian.net/3thj/ @ Drudge Report 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Rocky Mountain Girl @apple17_8 10 jan.

Can't make this stuff up: Guru, humanitarian, action star…castrator of 400 men http://dailym.ai/14uyh0B via @MailOnline #yikes 0 Retweet 0 Favorites IRA @MEAN_MARINE 10 jan.

Guru orders 400 followers to be castrated 'to bring them closer to God'… http://ift.tt/1DGg6RQ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites imagineer @laiqqureshi 9 jan.

Guru who commanded 400 followers to be summarily castrated ‘so they could be closer… http://goo.gl/fb/XWJkNS #india 0 Retweet 0 Favorites GlobSnark @GlobSnark 9 jan.

Gurmeet Ram Rahim who ordered 400 followers to be castrated investigated for GBH | Daily Mail Online http://dailym.ai/ 1xRs4ru 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Free Thinking Father @FThinkF 9 jan.

Religious nuts willingly taking themselves out of the future gene pool. #progress http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closer-

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God-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites We The People @Freedom_River 9 jan.

DRUDGE NEWS: Guru orders 400 followers to be castrated 'to bring them closer to God'… http://bit.ly/1DGg64r #Freedom 0 Retweet 0 Favorites olliander @ollieblog 9 jan.

Wat http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Eric Lewis @SubEWL 9 jan.

Police investigate guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated http://dailym.ai/ 14uyh0B via @MailOnline 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Claude Pyne @thehouseofpyne 9 jan.

People will do anything to get closer to God, except be a better person.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html… #CutYourBallsOffForTheAlmighty 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Concretecamping @concretecamping 9 jan.

Police investigate guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated http://dailym.ai/ 14uyh0B #India #guru 0 Retweet 0 Favorites memeorandum @memeorandum 9 jan.

Guru who ordered 400 followers to be

castrated 'so they could be closer to God'… http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html… http://www.memeorandum.com/150109/ p49#a150109p49…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites ਬਗਦੀਦੀ @browngirldaily 9 jan.

The creepy Guru who ordered 400 followers to be castrated: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html#ixzz3OLknKM2A…. That outfit, tho. #CantLookAway 1 Retweet 0 Favorites heartiste @heartiste 9 jan.

This is one way to assure your harem's sexual fidelity. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ news/article-2902208/Guruordered-400-followers-castrated-closerGod-investigated-grievous-bodily-harmIndia.html… #GuruGame

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2015-03-09

DOCTORS CONFIRMED THE FIRST CASE OF DEATH BY GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD The fake news website World News Daily Report published this article on Jan. 18. It has over time garnered a large number of shares and has spread to other languages.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 375

The rumor first appeared on: http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ doctors-confirm-first-human-death-officially-caused-by-gmos/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctors-confirm-first-humandeath-officially-caused-by-gmos/

Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by GMOs January 18th, 2015 | by Barbara Johnson Madrid| Doctors of the Carlos III hospital confirmed this morning in a press conference, the first case of human death caused by the ingestion of genetically modified food. Juan Pedro Ramos died from anaphylaxis after eating some recently developed tomatoes containing fish genes, which provoked a violent and lethal allergic reaction. This surprising announcement comes after the autopsy of the 31-year old Spanish man who died at the Madrid hospital in the beginning of January. The young manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health rapidly deteriorated after he suffered an unexplained allergic reaction, and all the drugs used to refrain the anaphylaxis were entirely inefficient. The team of experts claims to have been able to determine that the genetically modified tomatoes that the victim ingested at lunch were the cause of the allergic reaction that caused his death. Mr. Ramos was working as a clerk in a Madrid warehouse on January 7, when he started feeling ill just after lunch. A number of symptoms started to manifest themselves, including a violent itchy rash, some serious swelling of the throat and a drastic drop in blood pressure. The man, who was known to have allergies, quickly injected himself some epinephrine, but his health condition continued to deteriorate. The young man was rapidly carried to the hospital by co-workers, but the medical staff was unable to identify the cause of his allergic reaction in time and none of the usual treatments or drugs seemed to work. Mr. Ramos was confirmed dead just over an hour after arriving at the hospital. The young man appeared happy and healthy when this picture was taken by his roomate, less than 24 hours before he died. The medical examiners and forensic experts at the Carlos III hospital had to execute a lot of tests and analysis before they could precisely determine what caused Mr. Ramos to die of an allergic reaction to seafood, since all he had eaten before his

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death was a bacon, lettuce and tomato sandwich with a diet cola.

They were astonished when they discovered that the tomato he had ingested, not only contained some fish-related allergens, but also some antibiotic resistant genes which had prevented Mr. Ramos’ white blood cell from saving his life. “At first we thought that there had been some form of contamination of his food, from contact with fish or seafood during the preparation” explained Dr. Rafael Pérez-Santamarina. “It was only when we tested the tomato itself that we noticed that it contained some allergens usually found in seafood. We did many different analysis and they all confirmed that the tomato was indeed the source of the allergens that killed Mr. Ramos.” "The case of Mr. Ramos is the first human death officially confirmed to be linked to the ingestion of genetically modified food. It contradicts most studies on GMOs which had concluded that genetically engineered crops currently on the market were completely safe to eat. A team led by University of Nebraska scientists had anticipated this kind of problem in 1996, when they found that a Brazil nut protein introduced to improve the nutritional quality of genetically modified soybeans was able to provoke an allergic reaction in people with Brazil nut allergies. However, this kind of problem was dismissed by most scientists as very improbable, since it could easily be avoided with proper safety testing. The soybean injected with the Brazil nut gene was indeed abandoned during development, but it seems that the genetically modified tomato that caused Mr. Ramos’ death had not been submitted to sufficient testing and the lethal risk had not been identified before it was marketed. The Spanish ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality ordered for the tomatoes of Portugese origin which infected the young man, to be recalled and removed from stores and markets for safety reasons. More than 7000 tons of tomatoes will therefore be ceased across the country by ministry inspectors and public safety officials. The ministry also issued a public statement about the death of Mr Ramos in which it sends its condolences to his family and adds that it will “immediately demand further research on the subject to determine if other genetically modified food products on the European market could represent a risk for the Spanish population”."

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The rumor has been shared 61563 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

CelestialBlueMusic @CBlueMusic 8 mar. “@technicmind: This should go viral http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/… #GMO #safe get the #facts come on FDA! Quit messing with our food!

0 Retweet 2 Favorites J.O.E B.L.A.C.K @disasterm 8 mar.

Nairobi, Kenya" RT "@SpaRevolution: Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by GMOs http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ doctors-confirm-first-human-deathofficially-caused-by-gmos/… http://twitter.com/SpaRevolution/status/ 574615635193262080/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/Ambeb3w72w " #GMO #health 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Complete Skin Care @CompleteSkin 8 mar.

If you don't know what #GMOs are, you need to watch this video. You will NEVER eat another #GMO after seeing what… http://fb.me/3Bv08Opgd 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Charles @hoosercharles58 8 mar.

FISH ALLERGENS…IN A TOMATO..?

LOOK OUT GMO FANS…YOU ARE IN FOR A SURPRISE IN YOUR NEXT BLT SANDWICH..! http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Juices to Glow @juicestoglow 8 mar.

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Great education for all of us on GMO's, must watch this movie!!! http://fb.me/ 7dLPmZnFc 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Damien McKenna @DamienMcKenna 8 mar.

What I've been saying for years - GMO foods introduce potential for bazaar reactions, inc death: http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites T Gard @Michiganborn58 8 mar.

Processed To Death – Get These Cooking Oils Out of Your Pantry STAT! http://foodbabe.com/2015/02/04/cookingoils/… via @thefoodbabe #GMO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites ArturoMerinoSiermann @ARMERSI75 8 mar.

Juan Pedro Ramos died from anaphylaxis after eating some recently developed tomatoes containing fish genes,- : http://disinfo.com/2015/03/first-humandeath-confirmed-eating-gmo/#sthash.ziJHj4p1.dpuf…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Morgans @TheMorganics 7 mar.

Man dies from anaphylactic shock brought on by ingesting GMO tomatoes (with fish genes) http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

10 Retweets 1 Favorites dave lee @davelee46 7 mar.

First death caused by GMO doctors say http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

2 Retweets 0 Favorites

sent… #VACCINE #GMO #EMF http://www.activistpost.com/2015/03/ western-medicine-under-fire-deathof.html?m=1…

4 Retweets 4 Favorites

@RightToKnowEh? @RightToKnowEh 7 mar. #GMO food allergens a very serious problem: consider this scenario: Doctors Confirm Human Death Caused by #GMOs .. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-g…

1 Retweet 1 Favorites

SSF-BERF-DEFM @SSF_BERF_DEFM 7 mar.

Seeds of Death: Unveiling The Lies of GMO's - Full Movie http://youtu.be/ a6OxbpLwEjQ 2 Retweets 1 Favorites

@RightToKnowEh? @RightToKnowEh 7 mar. #GMO allergens in #GM food? Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by #GMOs http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-g… that is a possible scenario!

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Mia Shaw @MiaShaw 7 mar.

The picture of the mouse, oh lord… Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by GMOs http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/… #GMO 1 Retweet 0 Favorites NoGMOsVerified @NoGMOsVerified 7 mar.

Life or death over seeds – worldwide seed war rages #GMOs #RightToKnow #GMO /gw http://dld.bz/d2wpX 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Selina @selinasorrels 7 mar. #ACTIVIST POST: Western Medicine Under Fire: The DEATH of Informed Con-

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Dušan Stanković @DusanStankovic4 7 mar. Beograd, Srbija" @DaliborStamenk6 http://www.inquisitr.com/1899679/didgmo-tomatoes-kill-juan-pedro-ramos/… http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/… http://disinfo.com/ 2015/03/first-human-death-confirmedeating-gmo/… http://www.globoble.com/ news/did-gmo-tomatoes-kill-juan-pedroramos… http://fitlife.tv/death-by-gmoswhat-you-can-do-to-protect-yourselfproduce-labeling-chart-included/… i još…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites [ michael ] @technicmind 7 mar.

Thanks @foggybottomgal @jojokejohn , this kind of thing really gets under my skin. http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/ doctors-confirm-first-human-deathofficially-caused-by-gmos/… GMO should not be an option PERIOD 4 Retweets 3 Favorites [ michael ] @technicmind 7 mar.

First confirmed human death caused by GMO. You really want to cross fish & plant life? http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/… link thanks 2 @Alicia_May_Bee

3 Retweets 1 Favorites Da_Barron @BaronTrader 6 mar.

Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by #GMO s http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Anunnaki Princess @klnapp69 6 mar.

First Human Death by GMO's Confirmed http://disinfo.com/2015/03/first-humandeath-confirmed-eating-gmo/…

5 Retweets 3 Favorites The_Real_A_ARON @ELPRESIDENTE303 6 mar.

First Human Death Confirmed From Eating GMO - Juan Pedro Ramos Barbara Johnson via WorldNewsDaily: Doctors of th… http://ow.ly/2VBk0Y 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Virgilio @Akrateron 6 mar.

Doctors confirm first human death officially caused by GMO's #Monsanto #EatShitAndDie http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

3 Retweets 3 Favorites SAY NO 2 #GMO 7@W1773RS70RM 5 mar. #MarchAgainstMonsanto #GMO TERROR Death of the Bees. Genetically Modified Crops… http://www.globalresearch.ca/death-ofthe-bees-genetically-modified-crops-andthe-decline-of-bee-colonies-in-northamerica/25950…, see more http://tweetedtimes.com/v/1297?s=tnp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Vuk Djukic @DjukicVuk 5 mar.

First death caused by #GMO in Spain…

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odd that @WHO does not see anything strange here #banGMOs http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Healthy Apple @TheHealthyApple 5 mar.

Omg! RT @MorrisonHealth: One surprising downside to eating food that is a GMO. http://goo.gl/KAUvUl http://fb.me/ 4hpuS68Py 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dr. Jeffrey Morrison @MorrisonHealth 5 mar.

One surprising downside to eating food that is a GMO. Has anyone heard of this? Dr M http://goo.gl/KAUvUl http://fb.me/4hpuS68Py 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Katarina Nolte @KatarinaNolte 5 mar. … http://bit.ly/1r8Gwol #civilization #digestion #environment #europe #fertility #food #gmo #greed #manipulation #nutrition #technology 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Chad Lee Martin @ChadMartin4 5 mar.

Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by GMOs World News Daily Report #gmo #spain #death #tomato http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Richard Cowley @RichardCowley2 4 mar.

Week #9 - Are GMOs contributing to the death of bees and butterflies? | GMO Answ.. | GMO Answers http://gmoanswers.com/studies/ top-10-gmos-death-bees-and-

butterflies#.VPds0BWzqQ8.twitter… via @AddThis 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kalózpárt @kalozpart_org 4 mar. *** Oszd! Az orvosok igazolták, hogy a GMO halálos áldozatot követel *** http://fb.me/33a8F9RMC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Demeter's Travels @DemetersTravels 4 mar.

1st #GMO death reported: http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/… RETWEET @NonGMOProject Proof we need to know what's in our food. #GMODeath #organic 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matt J @MJsvg 3 mar.

The Truth About Starbucks New Coconut Milk: It Isn’t Really Coconut Milk http://eatlocalgrown.com/article/ 14064-starbucks-coconutmilk.html?c=ngr… #NoCoconut #Toxins #Gums #Sugar #GMO #Death 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matt White @mattwhiteok 2 mar. @MassDeception1 Bees are dying from eating GMO pollen.These people are the WORST example of corporate greed on Earth http://www.globalresearch.ca/ death-of-the-bees-genetically-modifiedcrops-and-the-decline-of-bee-coloniesin-north-america/25950…

4 Retweets 5 Favorites Romania Rising @RomaniaRising 2 mar.

Doctors Confirm First Human Death Officially Caused by GMOs World News Daily Report http://worldnewsdailyreport.com/doctorsconfirm-first-human-death-officiallycaused-by-gmos/… #omg #gmo

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1 Retweet 0 Favorites C. S. Prakash @AgBioWorld 2 mar. @DanielNorero -One comment blaming #GMO wheat now - a non existent product for non existent death. Hey whatever we can hit #Monsanto with!

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Nutrient Rich food @NutrientRich43 2 mar.

Yevo is going to release a parallel line of products that will include certified GMO, certified Kosher, no-sugar,… http://fb.me/ 3qLzQje3H 0 Retweet 3 Favorites GENetwork @GenEngNetwork 2 mar.

Report: Honeybee Death Rate is Currently too High for Survival of the Species – Report. #GMO @PAN_UK @DaveGoulson http://livingtraditionally.com/reporthoneybee-death-rate-currently-highsurvival-species/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites DEVIN'S MOM @DevinsMomLLC 2 mar.

1st human #GMO death. Tomato contained fish-related allergens & antibiotic resistant genes http://bit.ly/16VmdH2 3 Retweets 0 Favorites Rich Fletcher @Richsgoodfood 1 mar.

Wow…. hopefully this does some good and kickstarts a world wide ban on GMO .. :( #gmofreeworld… http://fb.me/7adJZ6NYO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites northwest nature @northwest_natur 1 mar. @UNEP @FAOstatistics No surprise there! USDA & Monsanto in bed together http://bit.ly/1M16iX3 EU no better it seems http://bit.ly/1DqseV8

0 Retweet 1 Favorites MAM Denver @DenverMAM 1 mar.

And there you have it - unlabeled #GMO's have now officially killed someone. http://fb.me/3KU22ipAK 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Robert Sandera @RobertSandera 28 feb.

I have personally witnessed how are #honeybees are being destroyed eating #GMO corn feed filled with #pesticides http://www.infowars.com/death-of-thebees-gmo-crops-and-the-decline-of-beecolonies-in-north-america/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Noreen @NoreenR1 28 feb. @USABillOfRights @TheDemocrats Then Trust #CDCwhistleblower & all the Studies vaccines/GMO /Furoide/Chemtrails =!DEATH @martinhume 3 Retweets 2 Favorites Health¤Love¤Mentor @HealthMentor1 28 feb.

This is pretty much how gmo corporations view the masses. Don't let them poison you into a cancer death, FIGHT BACK!!

2 Retweets 1 Favorites MADGE Australia Inc @MADGEAustralia 27 feb.

Monsanto hopes to release new #GMO cotton variety. Even more toxins- #GMO is a treadmill of death @ABCRural http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-27/ monsanto-genetically-modified-cottonvariety/6269632#.VPD1ILos85o.twitter…

20 Retweets 10 Favorites Matt White @mattwhiteok 27 feb.

"Bees that are ingesting GMO pollen are having severe digestive problems, so severe that the disease is terminal"

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http://www.globalresearch.ca/death-ofthe-bees-genetically-modified-crops-andthe-decline-of-bee-colonies-in-northamerica/25950…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Michiel van LC @MichielSyngenta 27 feb.

Former UK Ag Secretary: For the 2 decades neonics have been on the market, bee populations have been rising http://bit.ly/1MRs80w 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Katarina Nolte @KatarinaNolte 27 feb. … http://bit.ly/1r8Gwol #civilization #digestion #environment #europe #fertility #food #gmo #greed #manipulation #nutrition #technology 1 Retweet 1 Favorites GENetwork @GenEngNetwork 27 feb.

Essay: The death of international development | Red Pepper #GMO http://www.redpepper.org.uk/essay-thedeath-of-international-development/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites GregoryAshbyCHHC @coreessenceheal 26 feb.

Death By GMO’s: What You Can Do To Protect Yourself (produce labeling chart included) http://shar.es/1WwNMh @coreessenceheal 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Theorical Analysis K → 376

What are the characteristics of rumors on the Internet?

L → 379

Is the Internet the only explanation of rumors' fast spreading?

M → 382

Why are online news often false?

N → 385

What is the link between social media and fake informations?

O → 388

What is “Clickbait?”

What is the link between viral news and emotions?

How does Clickbait manipulate our emotions?

K

What are the characteristics of rumors on the Internet?

Rumors on the Internet P. Froissard 2002

Because the Internet offers an orgy of texts in all genres, because the Network of Networks seems government, by everyone or anyone, because connects anyone anywhere when to say anything, because that as the Internet is a mecanique complex whose description is not easy. One could say that the Internet was the medium dreamed of the rumor. How do not be convinced when chain letters (and M.-L. Rouquette appoints the mails that we intimately order to believe and to follow) accumulate in our mailboxes Electronic when they cause laughter or anger when they ignite sometimes the media themselves?

Who has not heard of this spooky story that, shortly after the events of 11 September 2001, a woman had reported his wallet lost e a man who, in gratitude, had advised him not to take the subway the next day (or not to go to such a commercial center) location requires new attacks? An electronic mail relating the prediction was flowing abundantly, shortly after the attack, mailbox Boie in letters and through discussion lists, forums and short specialized sites across the Planet. We even had emerged, acme of any string of letters, a parody email: history it was told in the same way as before (a forgotten bag on a subway seat; a good soul who reports it to the owner; in gratitude, the board not to be the next in such a restaurant), but there was an epilogue: I was terrified. “There will be an attack?” I whispered. - No, sir, he replied in a whisper. I went there last night and the food was horrible and the map of ridiculous desserts.

Similarly, how can we not be convinced that the Internet rumors made the bed when tiny independent news sites broadcast news that outrageous at first, turn out of the first magnitude scoops: the Clinton-Lewinski affair she did not arise after a “rumor” appeared on the Drudge Report, available online only (www.drudgereport.com)? Or how to ignore that many agencies public relations and “strategic intelligence” monitor the contents carefully electronic forums for malicious comments (intentional or not) issued by loving users to free speech?

Should we assimilate the Web provided a field of rumors, and suggests that the Rumor is there finally soil all his ramblings? That's going a little fast in case. The network allows easier circulation of

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People → 390

rumors, no one disagrees with. They are easily stored: collectors will make a specialty (sometimes for fun, but more often for unaccept apparently without fear to reproduce). No one disputes just as they are sent and received easily adieu stamps and envelopes, borders and protocols, everything is played with a mouse click.

But this is not because the Internet gives a new temporal and geographic extension to information of any nature that creates radically different practices. Chain letters were first worked successfully with ink and paper… The simplistic image and fantastical Internet (timeless, chaotic, antisocial) is not supported by the facts, but she says constant recourse to the association between rumors and Net. The reality of the Internet is another, powerfully structured by vested interests and the sociological composition of his audience, he hardly touches the public chance. Sites specializing in rumor (Francophone or Anglophone www.hoaxbuster.com urbanlegends.about.com, among the most popular) or independent information (such as the protester www.criirad.com or humorous www.examineur.com) collect confidential hearings (tens of thousands of monthly visits) when compared with the behemoths of the information are the institutional dailies (such www.lemonde.fr and 5.3 million monthly visits), or TV channels (as www.tf1.fr representing 7.5 million monthly visits)! The information is free on the internet but it's not as long as the use of information is not determined by sociological factors and intellectuals, on the contrary.

In other words, start a rumor on the Internet is like dropping a bottle into the sea: very symbolic, but not very effective.

Similarly, if anyone can open a website on the Internet and give reading truths or the most insane violator-truths, it is not there either something radically new. Evidenced by the many selfpublished books that circulated before the Internet by subscription and offline commerce. And what about the distribution of leaflets at the exit from public places? Do not we also touched thousands of people here in a few hours? Not really, in terms of information and rumor, the Internet does not rupture; rather we think of an “incremental innovation”: nothing that existed before does actually have been changed outside the geographical and temporal extension. As proof, chain letters circulating today by email are often copied the word out copies that circulated before the 1990s: for example, the call for a boycott of products containing EÊ330 circulating since 1976 less; more radically, prediction rumors (such as that on the unknown that advises, following the US

377

attacks, not to be in such a public place) can easily be likened to Greek myths where a disguised Demeter prophesied disaster (see Mircea Eliade, 1981. History of beliefs and religious ideas). Only originality conceded to modernity and the Internet rumors: there was not before, rumored to warn against computer viruses, but it must be said that computer viruses did not exist.

Anyway, rumors do not flower at random Internet. On the one hand, they are rooted in folklore that ethnologists analyze of long sides First, they use networks, all networks, to spread. As such, it must be careful not to isolate the electronic medium from other media: as showed the recent case of imposture Dread (under Thierry book Meyssan, challenging the official theories about the attacks of 11 September), the media are now very intertwined, and the effects of their actions are always spouses. In this case, a book is the Carnot editions released at the same time that was advertised a website containing essential the work (reseauvoltaire). The information has certainly been relayed by one French major portals (www.yahoo.fr) but a few days later, television (France 2) and newspapers (Libération, Le Monde) is are seized with violence. One can legitimately believe that the only Internet site was not the cause the media frenzy that ensued but it was the campaign release as well as other media. But his involvement in the case was considered crucial: World's editorial was titled greedily “The Net and rumor”, and 500,000 copies of a daily or millions viewers of a popular show and were overshadowed by some Tens of thousands of contacts on a website.

Thus simplifying the media reality does little to theoretical satisfaction. A new information network, the World Wide Web emerged in the mid 1990s: it does not mean he has a clean slate; on the contrary, it is cleverly inserted in the middle of other networks which, in return, are seized immediately (all traditional media now have their website, which often beyond the audience).

“Rumors on the Internet”, Pascal Froissart, 2002: 205-208. Rumeurs sur Internet, in Les cahiers de médiologie N..13 (first semester), Paris: Gallimard.

378

L

Is the Internet the only explanation of rumors' fast spreading?

Is Internet a rumors-accelerator?

F. Bulinge 2013

Via email lists broadcasts and Web, Internet can convey a dizzying amount of information. This information overload the problem of choice, but also of discernment and the ability to treatment. This is probably because of this infinity of choice one might perceive a priori Internet as an “accelerator of rumors”. One observes in fact a strong development of “e-rumors”, as Emmanuel Taieb notes in passing that the identity in nature between rumor and the Internet. One such the other obeying a “necessity traffic”, Internet thus appears to be the vehicle ideal for broadcasting rumors. For Pascal Froissart, “because the Internet offers texts orgy in all genres, because that the network of networks seems governed by all world or anyone, because anyone connects to anything, because as Internet is a mechanical complex, one could say that the Internet was the medium of dreams rumor”. The global network, or Web, through websites, blogs, Wiki, forums, lists, chats, allows to speculate, theories that can be presented, perceived or interpreted as certainties.

“Anyone who has a theory now has Megaphone” headlined the newspaper USA Today. Interestingly Note that all situations or agonizing tensions may raise global vague fantasies on the Internet, which feed and fueling conspiracy theory. In this sense, the Internet does amplifies the socio-psychological states caused by crisis, which is characterized by increasing the state of uncertainty and factors anxiety, very fertile Under rumor.

Internet Media versus news media? The idea that the Internet is a anarchic network where flows questionable information is commonly held. Internet identified as the area of all the excesses and all dangers, quickly shown finger to become the emblem of the spectral manipulation the masses. Thus Internet promote the rumor while reliable information that would mentioned by other media. Is this condemnation really based? Not Does not hiding in some If a reaction to progress of information technology and communication, face questioning as possible the predominant role of regarding information release? Certainly the Internet provides opportunities for special effects and manipulation likely generate the rumor. However, other media, starting by the press, they are more reliable?

In a context industrialization of the press, journalists appear Furthermore, in the public eye, as the guarantors of information clean and reliable. The information press, responding to economic crite-

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People → 390

ria, tends to become uniform. In some If the rumor crosses even ethical barrier journalists and spreads in the press. Pascal Froissart considered that far from being spread accidentally via the media, rumor “moves via the media first and foremost.” This would be especially true for economic Rumors that make sense when they affect public extremely targeted (rooms markets, shareholders, decision makers…). The rumor of life cycle It seems that there is a relationship between on the one hand the reliability the information represented by curve A, and the level spread the rumor, and secondly between this level of propagation and crossing a media threshold beyond which transmits the press also the rumor. Curve A illustrates the that the more we move away of the information source (Direct control), the more it becomes unverifiable and therefore unreliable. The rumor, whose life cycle is represented by curve B, germinate in this fuzzy state informational, when become unverifiable information but sufficiently probable becomes a factor social ties, as a Informational sudden event worthy of being taken over, carried and shared by a chain of actors. For Tamotsu Shibunati the rumor originated in the interrelation between the size and the ambiguity of a event: “if its importance is zero or if the event is not at all ambiguous, there will be no rumor.” Once the rumor comes to life and form, grows, enriched, until a level of maturity and begin a phase of decline, without is possible to tell if it or if it truly dies like fire smoldering under the ash that seem to confirm researchers who observe a phenomenon recurrence.

Internet, favors this regard the phenomenon by storing rumors which, once issued on the canvas, is stored and accessed unlimited in time. Type rumors on the Internet It is necessary at this stage, to outline briefly a typology of different types of rumors that can encounter on the Internet. If we refers to the typology of Veronique Campion-Vincent Jean-Bruno Renard, one can distinguish 7 types of messages “Rumoraux”: alerts to computer viruses, chains magical or superstitious, solidarity chains, Petitions, rumors properly say or hoaxes, legends urban, stories funny, and photos or drawings humorous. For his part, Didier Heiderich, besides legends urban, distinguishes commercial purposes misinformation, political attack, attack direct an offer commercial, false deals commercial, misinformation financial, defamation, operations discrediting the panic alert to sow terror…

Both authors summarize pretty much the two sides of rumor, literary one hand, and exploited the other. This is the second course we are interested in this article. Prophecy September 11, 2001 A very good example of rumor since the attacks September 11 2001

380

This is the alphabetical conversion a so-called registration an apparatus that hit the WTD. The message invites the reader to convert Q33 NY alphabet windings Word. This gives: The demonstration staggering, and most individuals react “positively” And transmit message to their friends. Here the operating elements are concentrated in the expression chart and the symbolism emerges. In this example, we associate a background of anti-Semitism historically fertile (see the myth of Protocol the Elders of Zion) to affects related to drama, all mutually reinforcing to the point of forgetting essential question: any when the “victims” of this hoax question the reality This registration. The spirit criticism is inhibited and anchoring reinforced by effect Repeat / massification due to rumorale spread. Finally, it becomes obvious that a mystery flat on September 11, but this mystery is actually a collective construction, a myth that is now part in the memory of humanity, and regularly become the place of emergence of new rumors.

“Internet est-il un accélérateur de rumeur?”, F. Bulinge, in OBSERVATOIRE GÉOSTRATÉGIQUE DE L’INFORMATION, jan. 16 2013, http://www.iris-france.org/docs/kfm_docs/docs/ observatoire-geo-info/ 2013-01-faux-rumeurs-et-desinformation-dans-le-cyberespace.pdf

381

M

Why are online news often false?

Falseness Contagion on the Internet F.B. Huyghe 2013

If there is one theme that consistently returns in any debate on the Internet, this is it false: cyberspace is, par excellence, place where everyone is afraid of being cheated. User is concerned about what is happening on the other side of the screen in this world that can not dematerialized neither control nor really understand. Moreover, each user has been at least one attempt she was as grotesque as that of the crook, that begins with bait you by proposing to transit through percentage a few million dollars in your account.

Certainly, it is possible to write books lying under pseudonym of the rig photographs or manipulate the filmed images. And this has been! But the advent of digital posed the question of forgery new terms.

NETWORK'S STRUCTURE IS THE HEART OF THE PROBLEM The structure of the network refers to problem of authenticity. If you want to use the network, you need a hardware interface (a computer, smartphone, tablet…) and its semantic equivalent —a user name is recorded by an ISP or network— in short, an inscription. However, each of these devices that stands between your physical identity and your online identity can lead to deception. If the devices are identifiable (for eg an IP address), it is not easy to prove afterwards that stood physically behind the screen, especially in a cafe. As to the claimed identity from a supplier access or to register on a platform, it goes without saying that it may be false.

Not to mention the case where the account (or message or transaction) does not come from a natural person but a robot, an algorithm who travels the network to intervene as a human. This does not mean that any that can do anything anonymously on the Web: there are recording devices, geolocation, identification, tracing, etc. Although everyone experiences a feeling of impunity to act behind a nickname or an avatar who has issued racist Tweets or practiced software piracy can sometimes to the police drop in, possibly after a lengthy investigation and expensive. This simply means that it takes technical knowledge or political protection (As a country that is home to activities piracy in its territory) to practice hoaxes or illegal operations.

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The second area where the possibility is introduced the false is that of the same content and this is inherent to digital which allows reproduction perfect, the perfect combination and modification undetectable text and sound the image. All in the bit or pixel. And like moreover, the Internet provides us with a Countless documents or software, even with a very average talent, a user can produce pastiche texts, retouched photos, fake sites or sequences Video lifts to divert sense. This applies whether it's “pump” a academic paper, practice activism policy, to make a simple prank or mount a scam.

At a third level, that systems, any offensive action presupposes some form falsification. In most cases, this equates to an identity theft: seize a password, give a brain electronic illegal instructions, whether Y collect data, tamper with the operation of all or divert it to its benefit. That there is a fault in the system defense, for example a weak password, or a human was mistaken, there is no piracy computer without some form deceit to a man or software.

This amounts ultimately to impersonate someone else, as if one was to believe the Machine that we are the rightful owner.

The possibility that the actors are not what they claim, that messages reflect neither the reality nor the intention of their author, or that the control devices, abused, do not work as they should, while it haunts the cyberworld. And as we are more and more dependent —psychologically, culturally, economically, politically— messaging systems, remote management and transaction obsession the empire deception. The struggle of the sword and shield But this danger, that nobody thinks denied, sparked against measures. Some recourrent repression or monitoring the more traditional, such as the obligation to internet users Chinese give their real names to access blogs or social networks. Other techniques are increasingly sophisticated verification and accreditation for to make forgery-proof identity or insuperable semantic protections.

They feed on the remains of an industry and launched a competition classic sword and shield with deception techniques and simulation. But the answer could also be cultural: the systematic mistrust attitudes develop and practice with them as “fact checking” by the media, the systematic examination of all elements which, for example, to images supposed to come from a war zone, may certify the date, location or authenticity This can be seen. On social networks, spontaneous investigators multiply, starting in search for documentation that would show an attempt deception and warning others. That who takes the trouble to look for items accrediting or denying a version of reality can do it; it can just as

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well informed State of the art in rigging or piracy. Sometimes even falling into the opposite fault, to doubt everything, we often end up adopting the worst conspiracy theories (a hidden minority manipulates everything, starting with the media is lying to us all the time, while is staged, nothing is true unless the speech that says nothing is true…).

We fall again on the issue the same structure of networks: they lend themselves in nature to the rapid spread of theses have been accredited by any official source or professional. Like any often based on confidence that one gives to “similar” Presumed good faith: the member his “community” the new dubious pass very quickly from one to the other on an infectious model. But the truth —or at least the willingness to check and go to primary sources— becomes equally contagious.

All these elements are contradictory and can be summarized in a paradox - the more it is there communication technologies, the less he has to certainties; unless there is certainty, more is checked and fight against manipulation. But is not falling into paranoia or neglecting the practical conditions of the phenomenon we will solve this paradox.

“La contagion du faux sur Internet”, F. Bulinge, in OBSERVATOIRE GÉOSTRATÉGIQUE DE L’INFORMATION, jan. 16 2013, http://www.iris-france.org/docs/kfm_docs/docs/ observatoire-geo-info/ 2013-01-faux-rumeurs-et-desinformation-dans-le-cyberespace.pdf

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What is the link between social media and fake informations?

Thanks to social media, fake news draws real audiences R. Bilton 2014

The Web has made it increasingly easy for sites built overnight to find massive audiences with little or no effort. This is true for not only classic viral sites like Upworthy and BuzzFeed but also for sites trafficking in completely fake news. Consider “satire” news site National Report, which has successfully exploited today’s news ecosystem to draw tons of eyeballs to its bogus news coverage.

Capitalizing on the ongoing fears about Ebola, National Report recently ran a serious-sounding story (http://nationalreport.net “texastown quarantined family five test positive ebola virus”) reporting that an entire Texas suburb had been quarantined after a entire family had been infected.

Despite being completely fabricated, the story went viral, getting shared 339,837 times on Facebook, according to Emergent, which tracks how fake stories spread online (www.emergent.info). Commenters in the story’s thread were equally deceived. While fake news is nothing new (http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_War _of_the_Worlds_(radio_drama)#Public_reaction), as the “War of the Worlds” saga proved, the Web has made it much easier for it to spread — often much faster than the reports that debunk it. The risks here are compounded further with a story like Ebola, which already comes with its own host of uncertainties. Emergent founder Craig Silverman said that this is why National Report, which Quantcast says gets 800,000 visitors a month, is a public menace. “They crossed the line with the Ebola story,” he said.

“There’s a basic public safety and public information layer to that news, and they’re playing on people’s fears.” But National Report sees it the opposite way. “We like to think we are doing a public service by introducing readers to misinformation,” said National Report publisher Allen Montgomery, who writes under a pseudonym. “As hard as it is to believe, National Report is often the first place people actually realize how easily they themselves are manipulated, and we hope that makes them better consumers of content.” The social networks play a major role in how fast fake news spreads. Facebook and Twitter want to be platforms, not publishers, which is why they have unevenly edited the content users share on their networks. Facebook, for example, has experimented

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with a satire tag, which appears in front of story headlines from sites like The Onion. So far, however, that feature has been limited to stories that appear within Facebook’s “related articles” box, which limits both its overall utility and the number of people who see it. A more robust labeling system might have helped prevent National Report’s Ebola story from spreading so far. This is one area where both National Report and its critics see eye-to-eye. “We have been able to infiltrate the media landscape with a loosely formed group of misfits, and that is a terrible reflection on the power of social media,” Montgomery said. “Any fool on a computer can now be a media mogul with absolutely no credentials.”

National Report’s logic is similar to that of so-called “white hat” hackers, who claim to ethically breach systems to show companies how vulnerable they are. It’s better to be hacked into by a benign hacker, the thinking goes, than a bad one. But that argument doesn’t entirely hold up for National Report, which doesn’t make it clear to readers that they’re reading fake news. Couple that with a Huffington Post-inspired design, and it’s clear why so many readers have been tricked into believing and sharing National Report’s coverage. This stands in contrast with fake news platforms like Nipsys News, which clearly tells visitors when news is fake (http://nipsysnews.com/no-morechild- support-paymentsstarting-2015/r/4713). More, National Report runs ads on its site (some of which are for major brands like Zipcar and Progressive), meaning that it’s actively making money from spreading false news. “You can’t claim you’re educational if you don’t show an effort to tell people to know that they’re on a fake news website,” said Emergent’s Silverman. “They may say this is an educational effort, but all the education has come from the other people debunking their stuff.”

But National Report is only exploiting media loopholes that already exist, not creating entirely new ones. In reality, the site has placed itself the center of a media environment that actively facilitates the spread of misinformation. It’s really just a symptom of larger problems. And the readers are certainly to blame as well.

On the audience level, it’s a given today that readers don’t read stories nearly as often as much as they click on them. Publishers frequently exploit this tendency by writing stories with sensational headlines that they then caveat or undermine within the articles. National Report exploited it by assuming that many readers wouldn’t try to confirm the Ebola story elsewhere before sharing it. But there’s also significant pressure on publishers themselves.

Today, publishers are more incentivized to publish quickly than

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they are to get things right. After all, you can’t give a click back once you’ve gotten it. “Everyone knows that the earlier you can jump on something, the more likely you can capture some of that audience,” Silverman said. “News organizations work quickly so they can get a piece of the action.”

“Thanks to social media, fake news draws real audiences”, Ricardo Bilton, http://digiday.com/publishers /fake-news-site-national-report-publicservice/, October 24, 2014.

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What is “Clickbait?”

What is the link between viral news and emotions?

How does Clickbait manipulate our emotions?

An Emerging Science of Clickbait MIT Technology Review 2015

Researchers are teasing apart the complex set of links between the virality of a Web story and the emotions it generates. In the world of Internet marketing and clickbait, the secret of virality is analogous to the elixir of life or the alchemy that turns lead into gold. It exists as a kind of Holy Grail that many search for and few, if any, find. The key question is this: what is the difference between stories that become viral and those that don’t? One idea is that the answer lies in the emotions stories generate for the people that read them. But what quality of emotion causes somebody to comment on a story or share it on social media? Today, we can get an insight into this question thanks to the work of Marco Guerini at Trento Rise in Italy and Jacopo Staiano at Sorbonne Université in Paris.

These guys have studied the data from two websites that allow readers to rate news stories according to the emotion each generates. That opens a fascinating window into the relationship between virality and emotion for the first time. Psychologists have long categorized emotion using a three-dimensional scale known as the Valence-Arousal-Dominance model. The idea is that each emotion has a valence, whether positive or negative and a level of arousal, which is high for emotions such as anger and low for emotions like sadness. Dominance is the level of control a person has over the emotion. At one end of this spectrum are overwhelming emotions like fear and at the other, emotions that people can choose to experience, such as feeling inspired. Every emotion occupies a point in this Valence-Arousal-Dominance parameter space. Guerini and Staiano’s idea is that it is not an emotion itself that determines virality but its position in this parameter space. It turns out that two news-based websites have recently begun to collect data that throws light on exactly this problem. Rappler.com is a social news site that allows each user to rate the emotional value of each story using a “mood meter.” The Italian newspaper site Corriere.it offers a similar function. Together, these sites have some 65,000 stories rated by emotional quality. That’s a significant database to explore the link between emotion and virality, which they measure by counting the number of comments each story generates as well as the number of votes it gets on social media sites such as Facebook and Google Plus. Finally, they mine the data

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looking for patterns of emotion associated with the most viral content. The results make for interesting reading. Guerini and Staiano argue there is a clear link between virality and particular configurations of valence, arousal and dominance. “These configurations indicate a clear connection with distinct phenomena underlying persuasive communication,” they say. But there is a curious difference between the emotions that drive commenting behavior compared to voting behavior. Guerini and Staiano say that posts generate more comments when they are associated with emotions of high arousal, such as happiness and anger, and with emotions where people feel less in control, such as fear and sadness. By contrast, posts generate more social votes when associated with emotions people feel more in control of, such as inspiration.

Curiously, the valence of an emotion does not influence virality at all. In other words, people are just as likely to comment or vote on a post regardless of whether it triggers a positive or negative emotion. Of course, this is by no means a recipe for online success. But it should provide some food for thought for Internet marketers, bloggers and journalists alike. Anybody who has spent some time trawling the Internet will have come across headlines designed to manipulate emotion in a pretty crude way. But that may only be the beginning. Guerini and Staiano’s work provides some much more detailed insights into the fundamental emotional drivers of virality and, as such, could be thought of as laying the foundations for an emerging science of clickbait.

“An Emerging Science of Clickbait,” March 25, 2015, MIT Technology Review, http://www.technologyreview.com/view/536161/ an-emerging-science-of-clickbait/

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2015-01-02

JOSH PALER LIN GAVE A HOMELESS MAN $100 AND FILMED HIM SECRETLY Josh Paler Lin posted a video to his YouTube channel, which has over 800,000 subscribers. It was widely picked up in the media and reported as true. However, Vocativ expressed skepticism from the start. They subsequently found a man who says he witnessed the filming of the video and that it was staged. Lin and the homeless man were in a car together before filming started, the witness said. Lin has said that he expects to hold one final public event with the man int he video to present him with the money being raised in an IndieGoGo campaign.

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â&#x2020;&#x2019; 436

The rumor first appeared on: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=AUBTAdI7zuY Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUBTAdI7zuY

The rumor has been shared 186201 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Shane D. Kavanaugh @shanedkavanaugh 1 jan.

Let's be honest. @JoshPalerLin is more shameful / exploitive than the dudes who made Bum Fights. http://voc.tv/1D6GC6I 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

jan. #News: Homeless guy is given $100 and secretly filmed buying food for others; Josh Paler Lin denies the heartw… http://bit.ly/1vy94s8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Indra || LOCALHOLIC @in_LOCALHOLIC 1 jan. #nowtrending Josh Paler Lin's "Generous Homeless" Video Is Probably A Total Scam: And no… http://bit.ly/1EQD5hB 「 in_LOCALHOLIC 」 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Patrick Riggins @PatrickRiggins 1 jan.

"Reality" programming isn't just on the television set, it's on the Internet as well. http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Gsja Kemuliaan @GsjaKemuliaan 1

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Giuliana Rancic News @GRancicNews 1 jan.

Josh Paler gives homeless man a Christmas meal… http://zpzp.info/?url=http://dlvr.it/7zZFrM… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Vocativ @vocativ 1 jan.

Eyewitness Says Viral Video of Homeless Man Was Staged @JoshPalerLin by @shanedkavanaugh http://voc.tv/ 1D6GC6I 2 Retweets 1 Favorites hb(d) normani @dinahjaen 31 dec.

YO IS THIS REAL FUCK WHY CANT PEOPLE JUST DO GOOD THINGS http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-paler-lin…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites VekTor @VekTorBK 31 dec. #SoundsLegit When asked for the names of his lawyers, agent and manager, Lin […] claiming they are “confidential.” http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Michael Robertson @mp3michael 31 dec.

27 million people punked by staged Viral Video of Homeless Man buying food for others. http://voc.tv/1xvWYad 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Chuck Ross @ChuckRossDC 31 dec.

No shit that viral video of the homeless man was staged. Tell me something I didn't immediately know. http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-man-

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spend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Shane D. Kavanaugh @shanedkavanaugh 31 dec. @SFGate heartwarming moment was staged, according to an eyewitness: http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Shane D. Kavanaugh @shanedkavanaugh 31 dec. @NBCNewYork this prankster is now being accused of staging the whole thing by an eyewitness. prankster won't respond http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Shane D. Kavanaugh @shanedkavanaugh 31 dec. @latimes and now an eyewitness tells @vocativ that the video was staged. Lin won't respond to requests for comment http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

2 Retweets 2 Favorites Shane D. Kavanaugh @shanedkavanaugh 31 dec. @FOX40 it appears he not-so-secretly followed Thomas & the whole video may have been staged http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Alexandra @Chidolue 31 dec.

Josh Paler gives homeless man a Christmas meal, makeover and night in hotel http://dlvr.it/7z8N70 0 Retweet 0 Favorites James Worley @JamesWorley 31 dec. @MattGrantWESH please contact your Anaheim, California affiliate to look into this ! http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-paler-lin/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites OmarGoshTV @OmarGoshTV 31 dec.

I liked a @YouTube video from @prankreviewer http://youtu.be/nsDL7yiUups?a Josh Paler Lin $100 Homeless Man Video Was Set Up - EXPOSED 1 Retweet 1 Favorites The Prank Reviewer @Prankreviewer 30 dec.

Eyewitness says Josh Paler Lin viral video of homeless man was staged. http://youtu.be/nsDL7yiUups?a 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Brian Ries @moneyries 30 dec.

That "How Does a Homeless Man Spend $100 Dollars" Video? Witness: "The whole thing is bullshit. http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-paler-lin/…

2 Retweets 0 Favorites Lybio @Lybio 30 dec.

Josh Paler Lin - How Does A Homeless Man Spend $100? I thought you’re going to buy alcohol. http://lybio.net/josh-palerlin-how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100/entertainment/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Melanie @mrussRSF 30 dec. @drudge @Noltenc Was it staged?

@hotair Eyewitness Says Viral Vid of Homeless Man Was Staged http://voc.tv/ 1K0eaIg 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Nick Wing @nickpwing 30 dec.

Nothing good is real, pt. 3871928473 of a never-ending series http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-palerlin/?page=all…

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Andy Campbell @AndyBCampbell 30 dec.

That video of a homeless dude spending $100 on the greater good was staged and the world is a lie http://voc.tv/1y4sD2a 17 Retweets 9 Favorites Scott Baker @bakerlink 30 dec.

Eyewitness Says Viral Video of Homeless Man Was Staged @JoshPalerLin @shanedkavanaugh @vocativ http://voc.tv/1K0eaIg 2 Retweets 2 Favorites Eric Markowitz @EricMarkowitz 30 dec. .@shanedkavanaugh reminding us that nothing is good in the universe http://www.vocativ.com/culture/society/ how-does-a-homeless-manspend-100-video-josh-paler-lin/…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Vocativ @vocativ 30 dec.

Eyewitness says viral video of homeless man was staged @JoshPalerLin @shanedkavanaugh → http://voc.tv/ 1K0eaIg 1 Retweet 1 Favorites mike spies @mikespiesnyc 30 dec.

Eyewitness Says Viral Video of Home-

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less Man Was Staged @JoshPalerLin @shanedkavanaugh @vocativ http://voc.tv/1K0eaIg 1 Retweet 0 Favorites christophe richert @crichert 30 dec.

Eyewitness Says Viral Video of Homeless Man Was Staged: With 27 million views, Josh Paler Lin's video has rais… http://voc.tv/1vq38BC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites NBC Los Angeles @NBCLA 30 dec.

LA homeless man in viral video gets a shot at starting over. Update on his story on #TodayinLA http://4.nbcla.com/1BkLcNj 15 Retweets 14 Favorites Robert Brack @robertbrack 29 dec. http://alisobeach.com/give-freely/ How my own experiences and Josh Paler Lin's story of the $100 given to a homeless man has changed my perspective.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 98.1 KDD 981@WKDD 29 dec.

Josh Paler Lin recently approached a homeless man, gave him $100. Check out how he spent the money. WATCH: http://ow.ly/Gx3YM 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Daily Bhaskar @daily_bhaskar 29 dec.

A #homeless man was given $ 100, what he did next is #unexpected! http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/WORjosh-paler-lin-gives-100-dollar-tohomeless-man-stunningoutcome-4855666-NOR.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tatanka @Chief_Tatanka 29 dec.

The blogger Josh Paler Lin gives $100 to a homeless: "how he spends it" will surprise you (VIDEO) http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2014/12/26/

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josh-paler-linsenzatetto_n_6382184.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpo pular…

3 Retweets 2 Favorites Dubie Bacino @opajdara 27 dec.

Josh Paler Lin Gives A Homeless Man $100 And Secretly Films Him Spending It It'll shock you. http://fb.me/4dGvbqYRx 0 Retweet 0 Favorites RhiAnnon79 @RhiAnnonRYY 27 dec.

How Does A Homeless Man Spend $100? - Josh Paler Lin: http://youtu.be/ AUBTAdI7zuY via @YouTube 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Peter Kibor @PeterKGSC 26 dec.

Another powerful reminder that stereotype isn't always right. A must see video.

What a powerful story! http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html …

0 Retweet 0 Favorites necn @NECN 26 dec.

"He changed my life": Prankster gets surprise after giving homeless man $100. http://trib.al/65KUMsU 4 Retweets 4 Favorites Suzan Michele Powers @starbell 26 dec.

Prankster Gets Surprise After Giving Homeless Man $100 | NBC Bay Area http://www.nbcbayarea.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html … via @nbcbayarea 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Trend Pop @TrendPop 26 dec.

VIDEO: Josh Paler Lin Finds Out What Happens If You Give A Homeless Man

$100 http://bit.ly/1Er3aDC #pop #crunch #trend 1 Retweet 1 Favorites Fanuendo @Fanuendo 26 dec. http://ift.tt/1BcSWkc VIDEO: Josh Paler Lin Finds Out What Happens If You Give A Homeless Man $100 #Fanuendo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites web television @web_television 26 dec.

YouTuber Gives Homeless Man $100, Records The Amazing Way He Spends It: Josh Paler Lin recently wit… http://bit.ly/1EqZvG2 #webseries 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Crooks and Liars @crooksandliars 26 dec. #CLTV Prankster Wonders How A Homeless Man Spends $100 - In this YouTube video, prankster Josh Paler Lin gives $10… http://ow.ly/2SzxNx 7 Retweets 1 Favorites KimWhosoever21 @Chadwhosoever 26 dec.

Prankster stunned by homeless man's honesty (YouTube/Josh Paler Lin) http://honoluluhawaii.yourlocalnews.us/?zfcategory=KH ON2…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites mystical0404 @mystical0404 26 dec.

Prankster Gets Surprise After Giving Homeless Man $100 | NBC New York http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html … via @nbcnewyork 0 Retweet 0 Favorites tania 'tanjustice' @tanjustice8 26 dec.

Regala 100 dollari ad un senzatetto e…lui fa la spesa per tutti gli homeless -

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http://huff.to/1BaopnE 0 Retweet 0 Favorites SteveStewartWilliams @SteveStuWill 26 dec.

Don't Assume The Worst About The Homeless Josh Paler Lin gives a homeless man $100, secretly follows him, and… http://www.advicegoddess.com/ archives/2014/12/26/ dont_assume_the_1.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Amy Alkon @amyalkon 26 dec.

Prankster Josh Paler Lin gives a homeless man $100, follows him, & watches him buy & give out food to others. http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/ 2014/12/26/ dont_assume_the_1.html#.VJ1ph5f7uco.twitter…

3 Retweets 1 Favorites #NBC7 San Diego @nbcsandiego 26 dec.

Prankster gets surprise after giving homeless man $100. http://on.nbc7.com/ LgjofET 7 Retweets 4 Favorites KSL News @KSLnews 26 dec. $100 donation to homeless man leaves Internet prankster speechless: YouTube prankster Josh Paler Lin recently… http://ksl.fm/1zDaQjh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Elizabeth McNally @ElizabethM13 26 dec.

Prankster Gives Homeless Man $100, Secretly Follows Him To See What He Does With Money - NewsLinQ http://www.newslinq.com/josh-palerlin/#.VJzOg9DpumE.twitter…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jennyboo83 @jennifernelson2 26 dec.

WATCH: Homeless man gets $100, defies sterotypes via @WPTV <- tears http://www.wptv.com/news/local-news/ water-cooler/josh-paler-lin-homelessman-receives-100-shocks-everyonewith-how-he-spends-it…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Adam Henry @viewofadam 25 dec.

Perception and the gift that keeps giving http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html ?_osource=SocialFlowFB_NYBrand…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sarah Regina Kim @SaraBatHaMelech 25 dec.

Now, this is a touching holiday story!

YouTube star Josh Paler Lin wanted to see what a homeless man http://pinterest.com/pin/ 281686151669460475/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites clackey @clackey 25 dec.

Josh Paler Lin: Homeless man receives $100, shocks everyone with how he spends it http://shar.es/1HHraR via @wptv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites WaCow Media @WaCowLACom 25 dec. 在這溫馨的聖誕節裡，當然要看一下一些 溫馨的事情。 南加州的一位網路名人 Josh Paler Lin，本來想要藉由影片來告 訴大家，流浪漢會怎麼揮霍得來不易的金 錢，沒想到…他的舉動融化了Lin的心， 也為大家上了寶貴的一課……. http://fb.me/4cIcLmZ6l 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Randall Hampton @CandyRandy_DJ 25 dec.

How Does A Homeless Man Spend $100? Josh Paler Lin – better-known for

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his hilarious pranks – was feeling the… http://fb.me/41R4BxBN4 0 Retweet 0 Favorites PhillySocial.com @PhillySoc 25 dec. .@NBCPhiladelphia: popular YouTube prankster gets surprise after giving a homeless man $100: http://on.nbc10.com/qHDiKJD 0 Retweet 2 Favorites USA Customers @usacustomers 25 dec.

This prankster gave a homeless man $100 to see how he'd spend it. Then he got a surprise http://4.nbcny.com/4jPnvPR 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Matthew Rhodes @Matthew_Rhodes 25 dec.

YouTube prankster Josh Paler Lin gives $100 to homeless man and secretly follows the him to find out how it's spent: http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/ 6378022?cps=gravity_2426_-897479367 3649512336…

0 Retweet 3 Favorites WPTV @WPTV 25 dec.

MUST SEE: Homeless man receives $100, shocks everyone with how he spends it http://bit.ly/1xlagGu 8 Retweets 1 Favorites IL News Network @ILNewsNetwork 25 dec.

WGN-TV: Josh Paler Lin decided to give a homeless man $100 and then secretly recorded hi… http://dlvr.it/7wkwzC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites NBC Chicago @nbcchicago 25 dec.

Watch what happens when a stranger gives a homeless man $100 and walks away: http://nbcchi.com/Hf8ru6J 8 Retweets 3 Favorites

IL News Network @ILNewsNetwork 25 dec.

KFVS-TV: When filmmaker Josh Paler Lin decided to shoot video of a homeless man spending… http://dlvr.it/7wjc6p 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Good Men Project @GoodMenProject 25 dec.

How Does A Homeless Man Spend $100?: What happens when a homeless man receives a bonanza of $100? Josh Paler L… http://bit.ly/1wJPtdO 3 Retweets 4 Favorites Karen Walstra @KarenWalstra 25 dec.

Josh Paler Lin Gives A Homeless Man $100 And Follows Him To See How He Spends. It Great story! http://huff.to/ 1AWmzq6 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Aℓσмα @Loms2009 25 dec.

Random acts of kindness…Hope for humanity after all! http://fb.me/4uACfyupU 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Becky @BekaJ2117 25 dec.

Never judge someone who is down, this is true Christmas! Spirit http://4.nbcny.com/4jPnvPR ” 0 Retweet 0 Favorites News Impulse @News_Impulse 25 dec.

This video will break your heart. News Impulse #MerryChristmas http://fb.me/ 3weQqRarh 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Joe Mrozinski @Jmozz60 25 dec.

Prankster Gets Surprise After Giving Homeless Man $100 | NBC New York http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html

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… via @nbcnewyork 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Lucky Sagittarian @girltrueheart 25 dec. $82,315 Raised - "Prankster Gets Surprise After Giving Homeless Man $100" http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html ?_osource=SocialFlowTwt_NYBrand#co mments…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Po@ with tabl@ @BasilWheel 25 dec.

Josh Paler Lin Gives Homeless Man $100 And Is Surprised By The Result -… http://tmblr.co/ZH3RCy1Yr5eGX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Po@ with tabl@ @BasilWheel 25 dec.

Josh Paler Lin Gives Homeless Man $100 And Is Surprised By The Result http://wp.me/p4Lz4-6Ne 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rowan @Rowans_Graffiti 25 dec. @FatherBob Interesting Homelessness experiment, with a great story http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/the-scene/Josh-Paler-LinYouTube-100-Homeless-286805951.html ?_osource=SocialFlowTwt_NYBrand…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites NBC New York @NBCNewYork 25 dec.

This prankster gave a homeless man $100 to see how he'd spend it. Then he got a surprise http://4.nbcny.com/4jPnvPR 41 Retweets 33 Favorites NBC Bay Area @nbcbayarea 25 dec.

Prankster learns lesson of kindness after homeless man uses $100 gift to help

others. http://nbcbay.com/ODrRLJf 7 Retweets 5 Favorites

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2015-01-05

A DNA TEST PROVED THAT BRUNO MARS IS MICHAEL JACKSON'S SON This hoax originated on Empire News, a fake news website.

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 436

The rumor first appeared on: http://empirenews.net/ dna-results-confirm-michael-jackson-is-biological-father-of-bruno-mar./ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://empirenews.net/dna-results-confirm-michael-jackson-isbiological-father-of-bruno-mar./

DNA Results Confirm Michael Jackson Is Biological Father Of Bruno Mars Posted on December 27, 2014 by Raoul Stockton NEW YORK, New York - Vladimir Kershov, publicist of R&B singer Bruno Mars, has been fired today after he revealed a shocking secret regarding the pop and R&B singer. Kershov leaked private information that revealed that Michael Jackson is Mars’ biological father. In a statement emailed to news and media outlets across the world, Kershov revealed that he was told by the singer that DNA testing had proven that Jackson, known across the world as the King of Pop, was without a doubt his biological father. After pleading with Mars, born under the name Peter Hernandez, to go public with the revelation, Mars refused to do so. Kershov insisted that it be made known to the public, and that the news would catapult the singer’s fame and boost record sales. Mars remained adamant that the information not be released. According to Kershov, he then took it upon himself and emailed the shocking news to media sources all over the world. “DNA testing has proven that Michael Jackson is the biological father of Bruno Mars,” Kershov said in the statement. “Against his wishes, I have decided to relay this message for the greater good and betterment of Bruno’s life and extravagant music career.” In a statement released by Mars’ new publicist, Jacqueline Pryor, it has been announced that Kershov was immediately fired by the singer, and may seek legal action against his former publicist. “The job of a publicist is indeed to better the career of their clients by persuading them to take part in things that cause their popularity to grow, however, the client must trust their publicist. The artist has the final say, no matter what.” When asked about the validity of Kershov’s statement, Pryor surprisingly made it clear that the information is accurate. “It is true. Doesn’t mean he was right in

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saying so, but it is true. When it comes to 29-year-old Bruno Mars, Michael Jackson is the father!”

The rumor has been shared 55101 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Keny Becks @KenyBecks 6 jan. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./… MICHEAL JACKSON is the biological father of BRUNO MARS??!!! #Amazing 0 Retweet 0 Favorites น้ำา(อนา)ฐา @dprestige_n 4 jan.

Shocking news คุณพระคุณเจ้า จริงแมะ http://ift.tt/1BwykUt 0 Retweet 0 Favorites sywagnyaa @kyongchuu 4 jan.

Kay michael jackson is bruno mar.'s father kay what 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Steph Martin @neverletyoupart 3 jan.

Why not? He's everybody else's daddy or husband these days. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

3 Retweets 1 Favorites Kelly Brearley @KAB_19 3 jan. #BrunoMars son of #MichaelJackson #wtaf #truestory ? I love him even more! http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites SyEd Sheeran @SyedGraphiX 2 jan.

Perak, Pahang" Ohhh Michael Jackson is a biological father of Bruno Mars rupanya

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7 Retweets 4 Favorites Semi-hiatus @lllTDDlll 2 jan.

DNA Results Confirm Michael Jackson Is Biological Father Of Bruno Mars http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

19 Retweets 2 Favorites 김조한 Johan Kim @johan327 2 jan. 이거 진실 인가요? http://empirenews.net/ dna-results-confirm-michael-jackson-isbiological-father-of-bruno-mar./…

1 Retweet 7 Favorites 김조한 Johan Kim @johan327 2 jan.

Is this real? http://empirenews.net/dnaresults-confirm-michael-jackson-isbiological-father-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 2 Favorites Mary @ilymjjforever 1 jan. *Michael Jackson is confirmed to be Bruno Mars biological father* I don't know whether to laugh or cry 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Limanol Adams @LimanolAdams 1 jan.

What do you think is it true or not? | DNA Results Confirm #MichaelJackson Is Biological Father Of #BrunoMars | http://bit.ly/1B9INHg 1 Retweet 0 Favorites April @shlove47 1 jan. "@kimhs0927: 오오…부르노 마스 아버

지가 DNA검사결과 마이클 잭슨이라네요. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…" 충격!!!!!!! 오…….

0 Retweet 0 Favorites A. Smith @etgbok 1 jan. @Sophia_1979 링크기사요 ~ http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 다0l나믹K @DynamicK96 1 jan.

RT @kimhs0927: 오오…부르노 마스 아 버지가 DNA검사결과 마이클 잭슨이라네 요. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./… 유명한 가짜 뉴스 사이트입니다…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rori Senior @ratedrdiva2112 1 jan.

Jorge Angelo Ayala http://fb.me/46lg9wv8l 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DAVINK @realdavink 30 dec. !!!!! http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

2 Retweets 0 Favorites 106.9REPFM @REPFM 30 dec.

Really??? Bruno sort of looks like what mj was when he was black lol #DailyDosage http://fb.me/6YdkmuWKl 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ning @ning225 30 dec.

Sometimes, I wonder why some ppl believe parody news http://empirenews.net/ dna-results-confirm-michael-jackson-isbiological-father-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites I`LL_BE_THERE @blu_eyes_17 30

403

dec. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./… sorry first disapeard on me here's another one catch it quick 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Verity Gibson @VerityAndCakes 30 dec.

The fact I had to explain to someone this was satirical news makes me sad. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lucas Bolinho @HamsterMolhado 30 dec. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mike @MJackson1110 29 dec. the joke of the day….satire fyi ( DNA Results Confirm Michael Jackson Is Biological Father Of Bruno Mars) 6 Retweets 5 Favorites Beth❤ @beth_mar.x 29 dec.

This makes me laugh so much http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./#.VKGJ8LMLIvs.twitter…

1 Retweet 0 Favorites 바퀴봉 @heebong 29 dec. 뭐여 시벌 ㅋㅋㅋ 마잭이 부르노마스 아 빠래 ㅋㅋㅋ 스타워즈 돋네 DNA Results Confirm Michael Jackson Is Biological Father Of Bruno Mars http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

2 Retweets 1 Favorites

david @allygoulding 29 dec.

MICHAEL JACKSON IS BRUNO MARS' BIOLOGICAL FATHER. WHAT THE FUCK 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Paul B Toovey @paul2v 29 dec.

Wow! #MichaelJackson #brunomar. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites His Belle @HisWife424 29 dec. @BrunoMars U See This! #ICant LMMFAO DNA Results Confirm Michael Jackson Is Biological Father Of Bruno Mars http://goo.gl/gH5W8B 1 Retweet 0 Favorites snopes.com @snopes 29 dec.

Is singer Michael Jackson the biological father of Bruno Mars? http://goo.gl/fb/hpWhlu 5 Retweets 7 Favorites Dongchan Jhoo (JD) @JhooDongchan_JD 29 dec.

DNA Results Confirm #MichaelJackson Is Biological Father Of #BrunoMars For real????? details: http://empirenews.net/ dna-results-confirm-michael-jackson-isbiological-father-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Just Dave @DaveBecker55 28 dec. @_RandomTweeter_ @YouTube http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rach @Rach_Mars 28 dec.

I can't deal with this tbh http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biological-

404

father-of-bruno-mar./…

1 Retweet 8 Favorites •Hooligan Cosmos• @HooliganCosmos 28 dec.

Yall heard right? apparently @michaeljackson is @BrunoMars' biological father LOL too funny #HotMessExpress http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

4 Retweets 5 Favorites Cleveland @BrunosGuitarr1 28 dec. @empirenews :Can you please stop spreading these rumors about bruno.

Michael Jackson is not his father. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites ☼ bday in one week☼ @imichaelswife 28 dec. can't believe that people actually believe this http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./#.VKA3gCj9jtY.facebook…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Bruno's Ladies Club @BrunosLadyClub 28 dec.

Bwhahahaha and there you have it. Why @BrunoMars why didn't you tell us?? cthu #thesefolksarecrazy http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

4 Retweets 19 Favorites -retour Paris :(. @TheBrunz_ 28 dec.

"DNA results confirm Michael Jackson is biological father of Bruno Mars" j'ai jms autant ris 4 Retweets 2 Favorites

Stand With Steve @StandWithSteve 28 dec.

Jason Steele Lent thought you would get a kick out of this one… http://fb.me/2DcjKREQP 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

@moon_sonny 28 dec. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./… 충격 아니..왜..아 니…아니…어떠케….아니…..

1 Retweet 0 Favorites

위대한용자 @tranxoh 28 dec. 어라???? http://fb.me/1IOFAoiWo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

선력 @aelang3021 28 dec. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./… 네?????

2 Retweets 0 Favorites

호연빠 @Hoyonpapa 28 dec. 제주도 제 주시" 아우! 깜딱이야! 부르노 마스가 마이클 잭 슨의 아들이라는 뎁쇼? http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 신이언니 @realsunshin 28 dec. 브루노 마스 생부가 마이클 잭슨이라니 아니 이건 아닌 것 같습니다 http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Steef van Stiphout @Stevo1979 28 dec. @SanderRTLNieuws Tja, het is natuurlijk wel het toonaangevende Empire News..;) Ze hebben ook dit bericht: http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 졍 콜ㄹㅏ @maze_colaa 28 dec. 브루노 마스가 마이클 잭슨 아들이라는데 여…..나만 뒷북이얌..ㅠㅠ? http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 첼시를 위해 런던가는 sonny

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장군이애비 신동진 @NEWDONGJIN 28 dec. http://empirenews.net/dna-resultsconfirm-michael-jackson-is-biologicalfather-of-bruno-mar./… ?????????????

0 Retweet 0 Favorites 유근명 @gmyou 28 dec. 왓? http://fb.me/6Ur84eg20 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Shin GR8 Moon Sung @GR8moon 28 dec.

What?! http://fb.me/1IwTEzCxk 0 Retweet 1 Favorites ♚ã©ॐ @coco1aChamp 28 dec.

DNA Results Confirm #MichaelJackson Is Biological Father Of @BrunoMars http://goo.gl/gH5W8B …へw？コレに掛 けてのPOP↓ツィでつね。あ、巡礼HI聖 地φ(.. )追加っと 0 Retweet 0 Favorites . @uptownhooker 28 dec.

DNA testing has proven that michael jackson is the biological father of bruno mar.

Lire

2015-01-08

ARTIST BANKSY DREW A CARTOON ABOUT THE CHARLIE HEBDO MURDERS It was posted by http://instagram.com/banksy/. It appears that is not an official Banksy account. That is the central issue of dispute. Business Insider says it is not an official account: "The instagram.com/banksy Instagram isn't run by Banksy at all, and is actually a fan page that shares street art created by a variety of different artists - rarely with any attribution." Mashable updated its post to note that it is unconfirmed. A

7 ← Summary

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Theorical Analysis → 436

Banksy Twitter account, which is unofficial, posted a different cartoon: https://twitter.com/thereaIbanksy/status/552891297665916928

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The rumor first appeared on: http://instagram.com/p/ xkgkBSKlWu/?modal=true Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations.

The rumor has been shared 381573 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Max Boenke @mx_boenke 7 jan.

Banksy knows best. #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo 3 Retweets 4 Favorites

Jesús Hernández @jhgodoy 7 jan.

Ayer. Hoy. Mañana. Gran homenaje de Banksy a #CharlieHebdo. "La prensa es la artillería de la libertad" HC Andersen " 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Marta Leache @mleache 7 jan. #ERROR! 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Sarah Baxter @SarahbaxterSTM 7 jan.

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The brilliant #Banksy. Surprised by the US cursive tho "@karlrohne : From Banksy Instagram. #CharlieHebdo ” 11 Retweets 6 Favorites Fabian Ponzi @fabianponzi 7 jan.

Bah. BAH! RT @screamyell: É isso, Banksy! #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie #notterrorised 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Gene @GeneL64 7 jan.

L'hommage de #Banksy à #charliehebdo #libertedelapresse #libertedexpression #mortspourlaliberte… http://instagram.com/p/xkmxcLPnbL/ 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Dani Cascaes @danicascaes 7 jan.

Te amo Banksy. #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo 53 Retweets 53 Favorites Heber Lobato Jr. @Lobatadas 7 jan.

UK street artist Banksy on #CharlieHebdo attack #JeSuisCharlie http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 1 Retweet 0 Favorites cat @licatglo 7 jan. "@itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) " 4 Retweets 0 Favorites Jack Westgarth @J_Westgarth 7 jan.

So many brilliant tributes from artists and publications. This is my favourite. #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 5 Retweets 2 Favorites Gianluca Zaffiro @GoriffaZ 7 jan. http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ #banksy #CharlieHebdo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Romain Pigenel @Romain_Pigenel 7 jan.

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Banksy #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie #NousSommesCharlie http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ http://twitter.com/szadkowski_m/status/ 552968579885596672/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/GrQizSmfVV 38 Retweets 19 Favorites Trax Magazine @MagazineTrax 7 jan.

Et l'hommage de Banksy : Unofficial: Banksy http://fb.me/2EW86NYA1 1 Retweet 4 Favorites tr3s bloggeras @tr3sbloggeras 7 jan. "@hyperbolemag: El homenaje de Banksy a #CharlieHebdo. "La prensa es la artillería de la libertad" HC Andersen " 1 Retweet 7 Favorites KN ‫@ن‬kyunlin 7 jan. #CHARLIE_HEBDO L'artiste Banksy rend hommage à Charlie Hebdo avec un dessin posté sur Instagram. http://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/ 54a/dc5/d9e/7e0/a48/65c/001/ 1a3.html… via @francetvinfo 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Chris H @cgwharris 7 jan. #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo #Banksy 1 Retweet 3 Favorites Brian Ries @moneyries 7 jan. .@NYTNow straight up asking Banksy to email permission to run his #CharlieHebdo tribute http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 232 Retweets 127 Favorites Joan Evatt @Boeufblogginon 7 jan. “@Tamala75: #Banksy sur Instagram #charlieHebdo http://Instagram.com/p/ xkgkBSKlWu/ ” Clever, very clever. #JeSuisCharlie 9 Retweets 4 Favorites insopportabile @insopportabile 7 jan.

#Banksy #CharlieHebdo ” 68 Retweets 61 Favorites Philippe Smelty @PhilippeSmelty 7 jan.

Charlie Hebdo : L'hommage de Banksy http://www.street-tease.com/blogs/ internet-explorer-la-revue-du-web/ 5239-charlie-hebdo-l-hommage-debanksy.html… #JeSuisCharlie 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jill Langlois @JillLanglois 7 jan.

Banksy's response to the #CharlieHebdo shooting http://gregmitchellwriter.blogspot.com.br/ 2015/01/banksy-responds-to-parismassacre.html… #JeSuisCharlie 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Caren Kunst-de Wit @zorgenzo 7 jan.

Made by #Banksy… Yesterday…today…tomorrow… #CharlieHebdo 6 Retweets 3 Favorites Laura Mauti @lauramauti 7 jan. #Banksy su Instagram ora #CharlieHebdo 2 Retweets 1 Favorites John Pollock @JohnPollock 7 jan.

Via @mickfealty This, claiming to be Banksy #CharlieHebdo 2 Retweets 2 Favorites

one of the best drawings i've seen in regards to the atrocity that happened today #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie #art https://www.facebook.com/banksy/photos/ a.1471310386425716.1073741828.1471 162443107177/ 1603110169912403/?type=1&theater…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Peng Collective @PengBerlin 7 jan.

RIP #CharlieHebdo http://twitter.com/rodneyedwards/status/ 552972876828401664/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/NwnyPX8HHF #JeSuisCharlie by #Banksy via @rodneyedwards 11 Retweets 8 Favorites // Hatice AVCI / @HaticeAVCI_ 7 jan.

(Yesterday, Today,Tomorrow…) Love this one! (Dün, Bugün, Yarın…) Bunu çok sevdim! (by Banksy?) #CharlieHebdo 17 Retweets 9 Favorites Maps Maponyane @MapsMaponyane 7 jan.

Banksy #CharlieHebdo 23 Retweets 8 Favorites MC79 @Virus1979C 7 jan.

Banksy #CharlieHebdo 19 Retweets 10 Favorites

Juliana Ramirez @Julirg 7 jan.

El homenaje de Banksy a #CharlieHebdo 1 Retweet 2 Favorites

Annette Heuser @AnnetteHeuser 7 jan.

This says it all“@AlleluyaChuu: La contribution de Banksy pour #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie ” 26 Retweets 13 Favorites

Mar @marinamendez 7 jan.

Ayer. Hoy. Mañana. Gran homenaje de Banksy a #CharlieHebdo. "La prensa es la artillería de la libertad" HC Andersen 6 Retweets 6 Favorites

Maicon Strey @mstrey 7 jan.

Perfeito! RT @jovemnerd RT @dayansansone #CharlieHebdo #banksy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Imogen. 616@thirteen 7 jan.

Giuseppe Rizza @beppeTwT 7 jan.

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#Banksy #tweetmuto #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo 2 Retweets 3 Favorites

http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 1 Retweet 2 Favorites

Roberto Blizzard @VeganYogaDude 7 jan.

Yes! @pierremorel: "More cartoonists tomorrow" ! by Banksy #JeSuisCharlie (via #banksy fb page) #CharlieHebdo 3 Retweets 4 Favorites Kalyna @TwistofBliss 7 jan. "@Tamala75: #Banksy sur Instagram #charlieHebdo http://instagram.com/p/ xkgkBSKlWu/ " We are not afraid.

0 Retweet 1 Favorites mark hamblett @hamblettmark 7 jan.

Banksy's response to today's sadness says it all basically #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 10 Retweets 2 Favorites energie-experten.org @energieexperten 7 jan.

Schöne Grafik von banksy zum Attentat auf #CharlieHebdo http://instagram.com/ p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 2 Retweets 4 Favorites Caterina Pì @pintocate 7 jan.

Via @ilpost Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow: #Banksy stands with #CharlieHebdo http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/# 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Bishop of North End @karlrohne 7 jan.

From Banksy Instagram. Nicely sums up my feelings on this tragic event in Paris, France today. #CharlieHebdo #Banksy 1 Retweet 2 Favorites Manon La Fontaine @ManonLaFontaine 7 jan.

Banksy brandit lui aussi ses crayons pour #CharlieHebdo

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Bénédicte Mathieu @benedicteliesse 7 jan.

Bouleversant et si juste "@itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) ” 177 Retweets 71 Favorites Christy J. @NObamaGirl 7 jan.

Wishful thinking? I sure hope not. RT @LeeAnnMcAdoo #CharlieHebdo #Banksy 0 Retweet 1 Favorites David @Offpix 7 jan.

Charlie Hebdo : L'hommage de Banksy http://www.street-tease.com/blogs/ internet-explorer-la-revue-du-web/ 5239-charlie-hebdo-l-hommage-debanksy.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lucas. #MGWV @lucspl 7 jan.

RT swiftsureyachts: All our support from Seattle #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo (pics from unofficial banksy.)

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Federico Catania @FedericoCatania 7 jan. #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Stéphane Echinard @Steph_Echinard 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo: Banksy aussi, via son compte Instagram. #JeSuisCharlie #NousSommesCharlie 3 Retweets 3 Favorites Valerio De Molli @ValerioDeMolli 7 jan.

Rt @Tamala75: #Banksy sur Instagram #charlieHebdo http://Instagram.com/p/ xkgkBSKlWu/

3 Retweets 4 Favorites roger #noalTTIP @adestemps 7 jan.

Senzillament genial, en #Banksy #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 7 Retweets 3 Favorites Paris Face Cachée @parisfacecachee 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) 13 Retweets 5 Favorites Laryn Kragt Bakker @kragtbakker 7 jan.

Banksy on #CharlieHebdo http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ #JeSuisCharlie #IamCharlie 22 Retweets 17 Favorites Galleto Fontanedo @Coponnnn 7 jan. #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 75 Retweets 62 Favorites Matéo Lorenzy @AlleluyaChuu 7 jan.

Paris, Ile-de-France" La contribution de Banksy pour #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 13 Retweets 6 Favorites Street Tease @StreetTeaseMag 7 jan.

Si toi aussi, tu n'arrives pas à dormir, tu peux partager ce dessin de Banksy http://bit.ly/1DnjOCL #JeSuisCharlie 984 Retweets 307 Favorites Revista Hypérbole @hyperbolemag 7 jan.

El homenaje de Banksy a #CharlieHebdo. "La prensa es la artillería de la libertad" HC Andersen #LibertadDeExpresion 377 Retweets 184 Favorites Tengo1horno @Tengo1horno 7 jan.

RT @rodneyedwards: #Banksy does it again. #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie http://twitter.com/rodneyedwards/status/

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552972876828401664/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/xmDM2h2ZTN 2 Retweets 0 Favorites Zarry Amine @TheRealZarryAm 7 jan.

Charlie Hebdo : L'hommage de Banksy sur Instagram http://fb.me/2FYAUCSn8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Izual @Izual_ 7 jan.

Salut, vous avez cliqué sur le compte avant de…? RT @itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Marialuisa Silvestro @Tempi_migliori 7 jan.

Un esempio di vignetta che in questo momento è più utile della satira alla satira me la regala Banksy #CharlieHebdo 12 Retweets 11 Favorites Duarte Levy @DuarteLevy 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo: banksy http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kim Huynh @i_hwin 7 jan.

Brilliant #CharlieHebdo tribute by #Banksy #ThePencilIsAlwaysMightier 7 Retweets 0 Favorites Thomas Serer @Jesuance 7 jan.

Banksy toujours aussi fort “@itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) ” 16 Retweets 14 Favorites Marie Christine LeDû @mcledu 7 jan. #charlieHebdo des dessins par dizaines et aussi celui de #Banksy 3 Retweets 2 Favorites Halloween @milanoween 7 jan. Toronto, Ontario" Amazing message/image in support of

#CharlieHebdo “@itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) ” 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Marcie Allison @Stylishbroad 7 jan.

Chicago, IL" @SimonJCLeBON Banksy does it right #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo they CANNOT silence us!

2 Retweets 0 Favorites Kelly Allen @KellyAllen01 7 jan.

Love this RT @rodneyedwards: #Banksy does it again. #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie http://twitter.com/rodneyedwards/ status/552972876828401664/photo/ 1pic.twitter.com/iOko1XjJs4 2 Retweets 3 Favorites Gail Vaught @Gjvaught 7 jan.

So sad what happened in Paris. Banksy had a good post today. #charliehebdo http://instagram.com/p/xkk2bupReA/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Piko @Pikochev 7 jan.

Ils ne prennent même le temps de vérifier le compte…“@itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) ” 0 Retweet 2 Favorites p∞nam parihar @poonamparihar 7 jan.

RT @GavinMerlot: Don't F with the artist #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 7 Retweets 2 Favorites LeeAnnMcAdoo @LeeAnnMcAdoo 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo #Banksy 20 Retweets 23 Favorites Hélène Mercier @mercierln 7 jan.

Banksy sur Instagram #jessuischarlie #CharlieHebdo

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69 Retweets 39 Favorites Raul Veiga @raulveiga 7 jan.

Banksy | #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Street Tease @StreetTeaseMag 7 jan.

L'hommage de Banksy sur Instagram http://bit.ly/1DnjOCL #JeSuisCharlie 31 Retweets 20 Favorites Diego @diegobarberio 7 jan. #charliehebdo #banksy 4 Retweets 9 Favorites Marie-Hélène Perron @mhelene_perron 7 jan.

Ce que l'artiste #Banksy vient de publier sur @instagram #Charliehebdo #JesuisCharlie #Paris #LiberteDExpression 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Amandine Cai @Amandine_Cai 7 jan.

Paris, Ile-de-France" RIP #JeSuisCharlie #WeAreNotAfraid #Banksy @ Charlie Hebdo http://instagram.com/p/xkkaSjmzBP/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Lúcia Guimarães @luciaguimaraes 7 jan. Manhattan, NY" Banksy e Charlie Hebdo via @BBCDanielS http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 5 Retweets 3 Favorites Joan Soley @JoanSoley 7 jan.

Saw this - #CharlieHebdo tribute, supposedly by #Banksy #JeSuisCharlie (via a banksy fb page) 6 Retweets 0 Favorites Bénédicte [A-] @benanegatif 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo #LibertéDeLaPresse Excellent. • “@erwanalix: Vu sur unofficial banksy - trop bon : ” v/ @Oli_Yaz 1 Retweet 0 Favorites

Terry Bile @Terry_Tweets 7 jan.

Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow.#NotAfraid #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie #Banksy 0 Retweet 2 Favorites C. M. Fauntleroy @scoopix 7 jan.

Unofficial #Banksy. (FB) #JeSuisCharlie @Charlie_Hebdo_ 9 Retweets 9 Favorites Jørgen Munkeby @jorgenmunkeby 7 jan.

Great one! Presumably from Banksy. RT @itele: ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) 10 Retweets 5 Favorites Lucas. #MGWV @lucspl 7 jan.

RT soledeval: RT PlusTaxMUSIC: #repost #banksy #charliehebdo by djebriss #Artlife #Streetart #BxYASELF #underground 3 Retweets 2 Favorites Il Post @ilpost 7 jan.

L'account di Instagram che usualmente ospita le cose di Banksy ha postato un disegno su Charlie Hebdo http://ilpo.st/ 143o9eW 29 Retweets 27 Favorites Rayyan Sabet-Parry @rayyansabet 7 jan.

UK street artist Banksy on #CharlieHebdo attack 11 Retweets 3 Favorites V. de Graffenried @VdeGraffenried 7 jan.

Banksy #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 8 Retweets 3 Favorites iTELE @itele 7 jan. ► #CharlieHebdo, l'hommage de Banksy (@thereaIbanksy) 3 324 Retweets 1 459 Favorites

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Rowdy Yates @nurd13 7 jan.

RT @Darkjipe: RT @BuzzFeedFrance: L'hommage de Banksy à #CharlieHebdo http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ / via @grouchenka 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Mai El-Sadany @maitelsadany 7 jan.

A tribute from Banksy. http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ #CharlieHebdo 84 Retweets 48 Favorites ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ @heavie 7 jan.

Biji serok #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 'ya sessiz kalmadı.

5 Retweets 12 Favorites Emmanuel Décarie @emmanu 7 jan.

Photo de banksy pour Charlie Hebdo. http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Pierre Cappelli @pierrecappelli 7 jan.

Hommage de #Banksy pour #CharlieHebdo #OnEstTousCharlie #libertéDexpression http://instagram.com/p/xkjlyfn3xa/ 5 Retweets 1 Favorites Ambre Philouze @ambphirou 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie Par #banksy ! "More cartoonists tomorrow" 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Bubuloque @currly62 7 jan. #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo #banksy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Morgan Carlston @MorganCarlston 7 jan.

I absolutely love #Banksy’s homage to #CharlieHebdo on his (unofficial) Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/ banksy/photos/ a.1471310386425716.1073741828.1471

162443107177/1603110169912403/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

#banksy #CharlieHebdo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Marcelo Costa @screamyell 7 jan. É isso, Banksy! #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie #notterrorised 74 Retweets 62 Favorites

Del_H @MatthieuDelach 7 jan.

L'hommage de Banksy sur Instagram RIP #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Alwi Salah @AlwiSalah1 7 jan. "@Tamala75: #Banksy sur Instagram #charlieHebdo http://instagram.com/p/ xkgkBSKlWu/ " this is why Banksy is the greatest! !

0 Retweet 2 Favorites

BxYASELF @BxYASELFmedia 7 jan. #repost #banksy #charliehebdo by djebriss - #Artlife #Streetart #BxYASELF #underground 7 Retweets 3 Favorites

Ann Barnes @AnnBarnes 7 jan.

This is what Unofficial: Banksy has put on Facebook. #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 3 Retweets 1 Favorites William Plummer @PlummerWilliam 7 jan.

Banksy #jesuischarlie #CharlieHebdo 23 Retweets 16 Favorites Caitríona @DonegalCait 7 jan. Donegal, Ireland" Via Unofficial Banksy on facebook. #SometimesPicturesAreBetterThanWords #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 0 Retweet 2 Favorites müştereklerimiz @musterekler 7 jan.

Dünümüz, bugünümüz, yarınımız… Bir tarihimiz var bizim! #JeSuisCharlie #CharlieHebdo #banksy 22 Retweets 15 Favorites BuzzFeed France @BuzzFeedFrance 7 jan.

L'hommage de Banksy à #CharlieHebdo http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ 53 Retweets 30 Favorites Dani Briceño @Dani_Briceno 7 jan.

415

Claire Barthelemy @cbtly 7 jan.

Great cartoon by banksy http://instagram.com/p/xkgkBSKlWu/ #jesuischarlie #charliehebdo 5 Retweets 4 Favorites Constance Ejuma @cejuma 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo #IAmCharlie #banksy http://fb.me/3WTY7960X 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gerry McGregor @GPMcGregor 7 jan. "@iansgossip: #banksy #charliehebdo #sadtimes http://instagram.com/p/ xkhuAGm9jT/ " @jonworth 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Gavin Merlot @GavinMerlot 7 jan.

Don't F with the artist #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 161 Retweets 91 Favorites ÁLVΛЯO @Velastroll 7 jan. #Banksy #CharlieHebdo 4 Retweets 8 Favorites MrPINTXO @MrPINTXO 7 jan.

Banksy… #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie 195 Retweets 146 Favorites Melen Ha @TheMiddleMa 7 jan. #banksy #CharlieHebdo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Gadjo Dilo @GadjoDilo1 7 jan. #CharlieHebdo via http://instagram.com/ banksy/ 2 Retweets 1 Favorites Ian P Smith @iansgossip 7 jan. #banksy #charliehebdo #sadtimes http://instagram.com/p/xkhuAGm9jT/ 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Paolo Paternò @paolopaterno 7 jan. #Banksy #CharlieHebdo #JeSuisCharlie

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2015-02-11

KANYE WEST HAS BEEN BANNED FROM FUTURE AWARDS SHOWS The fake news article was published Feb. 9, garnering thousands of shares on social media. it claimed that organizers from the Grammys, MTV, and the Oscars unanimously agreed on a Kanye boycott.

7 ← Summary

417

Theorical Analysis → 436

The rumor first appeared on: http://adobochronicles.com/2015/02/09/ kanye-west-barred-from-all-future-awards-shows/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://adobochronicles.com/2015/02/09/kanye-west-barred-fromall-future-awards-shows/

KANYE WEST BARRED FROM ALL FUTURE AWARDS SHOWS February 9, 2015 adobochron 69 Comments LOS ANGELES, California ( The Adobo Chronicles) – He did it again. Rapper Kanye West reprised his most infamous stunt at Sunday night’s Grammy awards, taking the stage as Beck was accepting the album of the year award. West popped up on stage and moved toward Beck as if he was about to take the trophy from him. Instead, West turned away and quickly jumped down.

Beck beat out both the night’s top winner, Sam Smith, and the category’s expected winner, Beyoncé. The incident was a repeat of the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, when West accosted Taylor Swift during her acceptance speech after Swift’s “You Belong With Me” beat Beyoncé’s “Single Ladies” for Female Video of the Year.

“Yo, Taylor, I’m really happy for you, I’ma let you finish,” West said after taking the microphone at Radio City Music Hall, “but Beyoncé had one of the best videos of all time! One of the best videos of all time!” West was roundly criticized for his action and was even called a “jackass” by no less than President Obama.

After this latest incident, organizers of the major awards shows like the Grammys, MTV Video Music Awards, People’s Choice Awards and the Oscars have unanimously agreed to disinvite and bar West from their respective ceremonies. The television networks that air these awards programs also joined in the ‘West boycott.’ No more Kanye West on live TV! And Beyoncé just lost her most loyal cheerleader.

418

The rumor has been shared 174435 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Jason Kersey @jasonkersey 9 feb.

Can Kanye West just be banned from future music award shows? Or at least events where Beyoncé has been nominated for something?

3 Retweets 5 Favorites Samantha McGowan @SaoirseRose_13 9 feb.

Grammy winners are chosen by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, not by Kanye West. He should be banned from attending.

12 Retweets 18 Favorites Sonny Ratcliff @sonnyratcliff 9 feb.

Can @KanyeWest finally be banned from the @TheGRAMMYs ? Acting like a child when you don't get your way is sad for a grown man and rude.

19 Retweets 24 Favorites Blue South Talent @BlueSouthTalent 9 feb.

So what if @TheGRAMMYs banned Kanye? He doesn't play by society's rules, and he should pay the consequences. #grammys http://www.eonline.com/news/623519/ kanye-west-goes-off-on-beck-s-grammywin-he-should-have-given-his-award-tobeyonce…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Dan DelVecchio @DanDelVecchio 9 feb.

Kanye West is an overrated imbecile and should be banned from the Grammys.

There I said it.

7 Retweets 15 Favorites Jim Beachley @jimbeachley 9 feb.

419

Needs to be banned. “Kanye West stormed the #GRAMMYs stage, ranted about Beyoncé not winning. http://fxn.ws/ 1ESl01u ” 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Stellasasha @Stellasasha1 9 feb.

This CREEP needs to be BANNED>Kanye West storms Grammy stage, rants about Beck's surprise album of the year win | http://fxn.ws/16JngJU 2 Retweets 1 Favorites imfabulous @imfabulous13 9 feb.

Kanye West is the douchiest douche of the music industry. He should be banned from attending any and all music awards. #Beck #Grammys2015 10 Retweets 11 Favorites Quincy Rose Films @QuincyRoseFilms 9 feb.

Kanye West is a moron and an insult to talent and should be banned from all public outings and vocal platforms,… http://fb.me/77mlNn5Cu 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Liliana @halwyui 9 feb.

PerezHilton: @KanyeWest & @KimKardashian BOTH throw major shade at #Beck's ~Both should be banned from awards http://goo.gl/hgNGfX 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Liliana @halwyui 9 feb. @eonline @kanyewest should be banned from all awards!both just disrespectful @KimKardashian I had it with these 2 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

ReimerChick @JillianMcLeod05 9 feb.

Ottawa, Ontario" Kanye West is a classless egotistical moron…he should be banned from any future awards shows #ThatsAll 2 Retweets 8 Favorites jonalisa @JonaLisa 9 feb. Key West, FL" @BuzzFeed @beck @kanyewest @TheGRAMMYs #KanyeWest needs to be permanently banned from attending ALL awards show, abuses the privilege 24 Retweets 66 Favorites fAngry_Bird @fAngry_Bird 9 feb.

Why is @kanyewest allowed at the #GRAMMYs? He should be banned for blatant & tacky disrespect towards other artists. http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/02/09/kanye-west-stormsgrammy-stage-over-beck-surprisegrammy-win/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Kim Court @court0516 9 feb.

He's incredibly arrogant. Given his past antics, he should be banned MT @HuffingtonPost: Kanye West blasts #GRAMMYs. http://huff.to/1711qCp 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Debra B @flipper3964 9 feb.

The 57th Annual Grammy Awards as it happens http://dailym.ai/16J2daA Kanye should be banned from the Grammys.

What a loser!

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Aaron Worthing @AaronWorthing 9 feb.

Okay, @kanyewest needs to just be banned from award ceremonies, at least where @Beyonce is nominated for anything http://cnn.it/1zAZPxX 5 Retweets 7 Favorites

420

Mr. J @mrjworldwide 9 feb. … @kanyewest should be permanently banned from @TheGRAMMYs for being twice #disrespectful. #grammys 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Malcolm @marqking 9 feb.

Kanye West was about to get banned from the Grammys if he touch that mic again https://vine.co/v/OUvaqAPEltt 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Dan @dannpoetra 9 feb.

No one give a damn about Kanye West after decided to be part of Kardashians.

Should be banned in music industry. #Grammys 0 Retweet 1 Favorites † Melissa † @TheMainMrsJonas 3 feb. “@TheGRAMMYs: This Sunday @KanyeWest will make his return to the #GRAMMYs stage after six years! ” was he banned..?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Naughty Gossip @NaughtyNiceRob 3 feb.

Kim Kardashian And Kanye West Security Stopping This From Happening! – BANNED http://www.naughtygossip.com/?p=71245 0 Retweet 1 Favorites salimdjaffer @salimdjaffer3 20 jan. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/ banned-in-the-u-s-a-20-wildestcensored-album-covers-20150115/ kanye-west-my-beautiful-dark-twistedfantasy-2010-20150115… Good trip through censored album covers and a history of what liberty art means 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Frederik Hansen @NYANCE 15 jan.

Fredericia, Syddanmark" @kaynewst wanted his album cover

M.B.D.T.F. to be banned on purpose, just to brand it even more http://goo.gl/ a6X43f #kaynewest #branding 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Quail @QueTheAbstract 30 dec.

BANNED in the USA!!! "They don't want me chilling on the couch with my Phoenix!" - @kanyewest #MBDTF Greg Myers @Hunter_Downs 9 feb.

Houston, TX" #Beck is a gracious Grammy winner.Kanye West should be barred from all award shows.

5 Retweets 13 Favorites Margaux l CC.EM.BC @marg_oh 9 feb.

Kanye West il s'en fout il s'est barré #GrammyD17 1 Retweet 0 Favorites Timberline Design @TimberlineD 9 feb.

Racist’ Kanye West should be barred from even attending these events http://toprightnews.com/?p=8273 0 Retweet 0 Favorites The Mortal Institute @TMI_Institute 9 feb.

I think Kanye West should be barred from music awards if he is going to disrupt and disrespect winners. #GRAMMYs 5 Retweets 19 Favorites Adobo Chronicles @AdoboChronicles 9 feb.

KANYE WEST BARRED FROM ALL FUTURE AWARDS SHOWS http://wp.me/ p3Gslr-2v7 5 Retweets 2 Favorites Larry V @larry50atlanta 9 feb.

Clash Kanye West Almost Interrupted

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Beck's Grammy Speech http://www.clashmusic.com/news/kanyewest-almost-interrupted-becks-grammyspeech…. Typical. He should be barred from future Grammy awards.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

2015-02-21

RAP ARTIST MACKLEMORE JOINED ISIS A fake tweet that was doctored to look like it came from rapper Macklemore began circulating on Feb. 19. It said, "33 couples got married during Same Love. Amazing to be part of that moment. Just kidding bitch. I'm in ISIS now." Some people believed it. Soon the hashtag #macklemorejoinedISIS sprang up, with people making jokes about the hoax.

7 ← Summary

422

Theorical Analysis → 436

The rumor first appeared on: https://twitter.com/dawnyohosie/status/ 568571403756294144 Then, other websites peddled the rumor.

The rumor has been shared 558 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Yohosie @dawnyohosie horrified at news that macklemore has joined ISIS #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 412 Retweets 544 Favorites L.Cole @Logan_Reeeeeed7 21 feb.

Lol Macklemore joined ISIS so its safe to say he's a terrorist 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Neil McKenzie-Sutter @Neilmsy 21 feb.

People Think Macklemore's Joined ISIS And The World Is Going Into Meltdown via @TheLadBible http://www.theladbible.com/articles/ people-think-macklemore-s-joined-isisand-the-world-is-going-into-meltdown…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Gil @giltron28 21 feb. "@ComplexMusic: Someone trolled Twitter into thinking Macklemore joined ISIS: http://trib.al/cZdLnPN " @adrixo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites LifeBoxset @LifeBoxset 21 feb. ¿Macklemore es terrorista? http://bit.ly/ 1EgktFB 2 Retweets 3 Favorites Marty @QuanNextDoor 21 feb. “@ComplexMusic: Macklemore joined ISIS? Twitter had ZERO chill today: http://trib.al/AcwcpOP ” Saw this coming 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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BuzzFeed Celeb @BuzzFeedCeleb 21 feb.

People On Twitter Think Macklemore Has Joined ISIS http://bzfd.it/1D1OarV 1 Retweet 4 Favorites ThioJoe @thiojoe 21 feb.

WTF? Macklemore joined ISIS? New photos of him with terrorists… #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 30 Retweets 33 Favorites Bread Swish @SlimiHendrix 21 feb. @KoRnyGx just so you know, I don't really think Macklemore joined ISIS. Pretty sure everyone featured in that list was behind the joke too.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Karen Geier @karengeier 21 feb. how many fewer lives will Macklemore ruin now that he has joined ISIS? #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites /r/hiphopheads @RedditHHH 21 feb.

Someone Trolled Twitter Into Thinking Macklemore Joined ISIS http://www.reddit.com/r/hiphopheads/ comments/2wnqvf/someone_trolled_twitter_into_thinking_mackle more/… #HipHop 0 Retweet 1 Favorites HipHopHeads News @HipHopReddit 21 feb.

Someone Trolled Twitter Into Thinking Macklemore Joined ISIS http://rss2twi.com/link/HipHopReddit/?post_id=9148897…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

#TECH @TECHTACH1 21 feb.

HerodenMark: People On Twitter Think Macklemore Has Joined ISIS http://ift.tt/ 17ldLRu #news #mobile #tech 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Thomas Wales @thomaswales_ 21 feb.

People Think Macklemore's Joined ISIS And The World Is Going Into Meltdown via @TheLadBible http://www.theladbible.com/articles/ people-think-macklemore-s-joined-isisand-the-world-is-going-into-meltdown…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

MaracaiboGuia ® @Maracaiboguia 21 feb.

People On Twitter Think Macklemore Has Joined ISIS http://bzfd.it/1CVnYga #Comparte 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Gianluca Angei @nononevero 21 feb.

Casciago, Lombardia" Va beh intanto in America si diverto a dire che Macklemore si è unito all'ISIS sto male #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ryan @SapesaurusRex 21 feb. “@dawnyohosie: horrified at news that macklemore has joined ISIS #MacklemoreJoinedISIS ” my guy 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Callum Boulter @callumboulter 21 feb. “@TheLadBible: Has Macklemore joined ISIS? The internet seems to think so… http://www.theladbible.com/articles/ people-think-macklemore-s-joined-isisand-the-world-is-going-into-meltdown…” new levels of stupidity reached here 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Interesting News @interestinews 21 feb.

People On Twitter Think Macklemore Has Joined ISIS: #MacklemoreJoinedISIS is trending. Interna… http://bzfd.it/ 18cjYAp 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

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VARGHESE MATHEW @ImVarghese 21 feb.

People On Twitter Think Macklemore Has Joined ISIS http://ift.tt/1vn8h3K #jobs #Music #dj #football #syria #livechat #photography 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Hip Hop Tweetz @hiphop_tweetz 21 feb.

Someone Trolled Twitter Into Thinking Macklemore Joined ISIS https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=c5nmJkWCr2Y… 1 Retweet 4 Favorites Contrarian Barbarian @basquiatball 21 feb. that macklemore isis snopes may be the funniest thing I have ever read. I will now log off and exist purely within it 0 Retweet 4 Favorites Yohosie @dawnyohosie 21 feb. http://www.buzzfeed.com/iramadison/ people-on-twitter-think-macklemore-hasjoined-isis#.baE4y2Vp8M… my life was devoid of meaning until this moment 2 Retweets 8 Favorites Volk @Alucard_1897 21 feb.

The thrift shop was too expensive for @macklemore that resulted in him joining ISIS. #Revenge #MacklemoreJoine-

dISIS 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Complex Music @ComplexMusic 21 feb.

Macklemore joined ISIS? Twitter had ZERO chill today: http://trib.al/AcwcpOP 70 Retweets 69 Favorites PoE @AndyHigginsNC 21 feb. “@ComplexMusic: Someone trolled Twitter into thinking Macklemore joined ISIS: http://trib.al/cZdLnPN ” 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ira Madison III @irathethird 21 feb.

People On Twitter Think Macklemore Has Joined ISIS http://bzfd.it/1CXcSK4 via @BuzzFeed 1 Retweet 4 Favorites Brandon Wall @Walldo 20 feb. did anybody actually think Macklemore joined ISIS https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=c5nmJkWCr2Y… 0 Retweet 1 Favorites robert hill @bhchiefs 20 feb.

Are you going to have Macklemore on your show since he is in ISIS now? #AskKimmel 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Viral Media Guru @ViralMediaGuru 20 feb. #VMGuru: Someone Trolled Twitter Into Thinking Macklemore Joined ISIS http://goo.gl/fb/AjVzTT 0 Retweet 0 Favorites DJ 33 1/3 IG:TheDJ33 @TheDJ33 20 feb.

Someone Trolled Twitter Into Thinking Macklemore Joined ISIS http://ow.ly/ 2UWPCg 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

425

Mook @NuFoneWhoDis 20 feb.

Macklemore joined ISIS 0 Retweet 9 Favorites Complex Music @ComplexMusic 20 feb.

Someone trolled Twitter into thinking Macklemore joined ISIS: http://trib.al/ cZdLnPN 423 Retweets 455 Favorites DJ TOSH @DJ_TOSH_ 20 feb. #Music Someone Trolled Twitter Into Thinking Macklemore Joined ISIS: If you missed it, it's prett… http://bit.ly/1AVwsce #DJTosh #Yes 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Geordie M @TerryAustralis 20 feb. tfw you go it alone against Macklemore & ISIS http://media.tumblr.com/ 12d8b826f027429da382aa7d399844b6/ tumblr_inline_mrlrcg5lNu1qz4rgp.gif…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites dreadful shitboy @piss_wizard 20 feb. @RappinGuardian was this on an article about macklemore joining ISIS 1 Retweet 1 Favorites DANEgerus @DANEgerus 20 feb.

Here is Macklemore flying #ISIS Airlines #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites harleydavidson Islam @wutanggoku 20 feb. me, i dont understand why someone would join isis but macklemore does it all the time . i just dont get it 0 Retweet 3 Favorites Levi Morrill @KingLeviJr 20 feb.

Longview, TX" Macklemore can troll Twitter by saying he joined ISIS, but Andy Jones can't troll the school by planning a school shooting.

#doublestandards 5 Retweets 15 Favorites

more? #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

kept_simple @kept_simple 20 feb. @CardboardGerald you just got out of 50 shades and your "bae" snapchats you that macklemore joined isis 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Arthur Chu @arthur_affect 20 feb.

Can someone explain the Macklemore ISIS hashtag in a way that doesn't make me deeply disappointed in you all 5 Retweets 15 Favorites

kept_simple @kept_simple 20 feb. remember when macklemore joined isis?

0 Retweet 5 Favorites

Sam Kriss @sam_kriss 20 feb. if you ask me macklemore's decision to join isis could damage his mainsteam appeal, even if he gains some muchneeded "edge". if you ask me 3 Retweets 7 Favorites

2oceansvibe.com 2@oceansvibe 20 feb.

This ISIS Tweet From Macklemore Went Viral http://www.2oceansvibe.com/2015/ 02/20/this-isis-tweet-from-macklemorewent-viral/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jaynice Marmallenade @a_man_in_black 20 feb. @gokunaruto65 are you suggesting that macklemore joining isis isn't the most iyou know, my heart isn't in irony right now 0 Retweet 1 Favorites brian feldman @bafeldman 20 feb. macklemore, the isis-joiner 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Janet Jacqueline C @janeeeeeetchin 20 feb. “@dawnyohosie: horrified at news that macklemore has joined ISIS #MacklemoreJoinedISIS ” wow just wow.

1 Retweet 1 Favorites Jon Ireland @jrireland1 20 feb. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2959969/Rolling-floor-dressing-bushsmashing-tiles-heads-ISIS-specialforces-video-reveals-ludicroustraining.html… - > Which of these dangerous, cold hearted killers is Mackle-

426

Rachel Danielle @ConservRachel 20 feb.

Oh Barry( @BarackObama ) the company you keep.. #MacklemoreJoinedISIS @macklemore #ISIS I'm with Giuliani on you.

2 Retweets 1 Favorites Rimanews @Rimanews 20 feb.

Macklemore Gabung ISIS Heboh di Medsos http://rimane.ws/8dwSQm #BersuaraDgnHati 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Ale(Xan)dra @xlazor 20 feb. “@thedailybeast: Macklemore joined ISIS, u say? http://thebea.st/17xuzVb ” why TF did they mention his support 4 ferg/gay rights as an expl?

0 Retweet 0 Favorites CONTENTPRO @erasmuslijn 20 feb.

You're mistaken. Macklemore really joined ISIS. There are pictures on bofa @DTekayo @arp_tx 0 Retweet 1 Favorites PMN Politics @PMN_Politics 20 feb. #TweetMovie Watch #Isis unfold at http://postmodernnews.com/tokentv.aspx?f=isis253&e=PMN_Politics☆t=9

93… {macklemore, joined, sign, #muslim, fighting, west, announced} 0 Retweet 0 Favorites astromarko @astromarko 20 feb.

That would at least make him interesting.

RT @thedailybeast Macklemore joined ISIS, you say? http://thebea.st/17xuzVb 1 Retweet 0 Favorites tinybaby @tinybaby 20 feb. macklemore joined isis, the mobile payments company owned by verizon 6 Retweets 18 Favorites dangered wolf @dangeredwolf 20 feb.

At this rate "Macklemore announced today that he has joined ISIS. will pass "Scientists are attempting to kill a spider" 's interactions 0 Retweet 5 Favorites US Internet Links @dlusinternet 20 feb.

Macklemore Joined ISIS, You Say?: On Thursday evening, thousands of people took to Twitter to share the #Mackl… http://bit.ly/1EZSzvg 0 Retweet 0 Favorites IMMORTAN JOE @Interestein 20 feb. "@prattprattpratt: I'm with your boy @macklemore and we just witnessed a miracle! " Chris Pratt confirmed for ISIS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Laur @laurenlabadieee 20 feb.

Macklemore joined Isis 0 Retweet 40 Favorites Ryan Carey-Mahoney @thegoodcarmah 20 feb.

We are such a terrible people. Sigh. RT @thedailybeast: Macklemore joined ISIS, you say? http://thebea.st/17xuzVb 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

427

Acelogic ™ @Acelogic_ 20 feb. @LiterallyGod Macklemore Joined Isis ???!!

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Aaron Taube @aptaube 20 feb.

"People are saying Macklemore joined ISIS. It might be true, but who knows.

We've reached out to him and will update when we hear back.

0 Retweet 0 Favorites BI$CUIT @BlSCUlTS 20 feb. did Macklemore actually join Isis what is going on 10 Retweets 41 Favorites Kaj-Erik Eriksen @KajEriksen 20 feb.

PLOT TWIST: Macklemore didn't join ISIS but Sam Smith did! #MacklemoreJoinedISIS #SamSmith 1 Retweet 1 Favorites UberFacts Ebooks @UberFactsEbooks 20 feb.

Macklemore announced today that he has joined ISIS. 365 Retweets 425 Favorites the og figure cummer @gokunaruto65 20 feb. jay leno comes out of retirement to cover the macklemore isis story "we shoulda never mackled in the affairs of the middle east" 4 Retweets 14 Favorites Capybara Enthusiast @BlackTonyBlair 20 feb.

Plot twist Macklemore has been the leader of ISIS the whole time 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Nirppanokka @bluekatkera 20 feb.

What a dumbass RT "@dawnyohosie: horrified at news that macklemore has joined ISIS #MacklemoreJoinedISIS "

1 Retweet 0 Favorites Smart Genious @Ulillillysses 20 feb.

Macklemore… the man loves to join ISIS 4 Retweets 20 Favorites retired sex panda® @Pile_of_Derp 20 feb.

RT @macklemore it true I joined ISIS #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 2 Retweets 8 Favorites Yohosie @dawnyohosie 20 feb. horrified at news that macklemore has joined ISIS #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 412 Retweets 544 Favorites Tóhu Bóhu @Joe_Panama 20 feb.

I really wish Macklemore didn't join ISIS but the crushing reality is that #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 23 Retweets 34 Favorites Michael Thompson @WeirdNewsGuy 20 feb.

What's a Macklemore? And why did he join ISIS? #MacklemoreJoinedISIS 4 Retweets 8 Favorites Jack Comedy Phelps @jackcphelps 20 feb.

It is a true shame that former national hero macklemore has joined forces with the notorious terrorist group ISIS #macklemorejoinedISIS

428

2015-03-02

TIGER WOODS IS SERVING A SUSPENSION FROM THE PGA TOUR AFTER FAILING A DRUG TEST Professional golfer Dan Olsen made the claim Feb. 27 on radio station WVFN, saying he heard second-hand information.

7 ← Summary

429

Theorical Analysis → 436

The rumor first appeared on: http://thegame730am.com/ pga-golfer-dan-olsen-says-tiger-woods-is-armstrong-of-golf/ Here is the content of the first webpage recorded as giving false informations. http://thegame730am.com/pga-golfer-dan-olsen-says-tiger-woodsis-armstrong-of-golf/

"PGA Golfer Dan Olsen: Tiger Woods Suspended For Failed Drug Test Nick Chase, February 27, 2015 8:41 AM East Lansing native and PGA pro Dan Olsen was on Mad Dog in the Morning Friday morning. He shared some inside hearsay from the links about Tiger Woods. Olsen said insiders have told him that Tiger Woods is currently serving a suspension for failing a drug test. Olsen also went on to speak of Woods gaining an advantage by using untested equipment on the course. Olsen said Woods will be remembered as the Lance Armstrong of golf. Hear the interview above. Read More: PGA Golfer Dan Olsen: Tiger Woods Suspended For Failed Drug Test | http://thegame730am.com/pga-golfer-dan-olsen-says-tiger-woodsis-armstrong-of-golf/?trackback=tsmclip The rumor has been shared 2049 times on Twitter.

Below are some of the most influent tweets at the beginning of the rumor's spread.

Royal Albartross @royalalbartross 9 feb.

Maybe he just needs some good shoesâ&#x20AC;Ś! http://uk.businessinsider.com/ tiger-woods-mental-edge-2015-2â&#x20AC;Ś via @BI_Europe 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

0 Retweet 0 Favorites

News Detector @NewsDetector 9 feb. #news Tiger Woods at his lowest OWGR position since 1996, could plummet further http://goo.gl/fb/AWGiIm #sportsnews

Google Sport News @sport_google 9 feb.

I didn't realize how much I loved watching Tiger Woods until now -

430

Miami Herald Sports @HeraldSports 9 feb.

Honda Classic is waiting for word on Tiger Woods: http://hrld.us/1zDY2be 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

http://CBSSports.com http://news.google.com/news/ url?sa=t&fd=R&ct2=us&usg=AFQjCNF6 scOcRuv1I0cmIq3dsLtPFsivhQ&clid=c3a 7d30bb8a4878e06b80cf16b898331&cid =52778734643697&ei=kfZVICyGfSGiAbe4oGwBQ&url=http://www.cbssports.com/golf/ eye-on-golf/25063909/i-didnt-realizehow-much-i-loved-watching-tiger-woodsuntil-now… #google #sport 0 Retweet 0 Favorites El Venezolano @Venezolanonews 9 feb.

Tiger Woods, por primera vez desde 1996 queda fuera del top 60 http://ow.ly/IKFLv 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tiger Woods News @TigerWoodsNewss 9 feb.

Tiger Woods drops out of world top 60 for first time since 1996 http://CBSSports.com : Tiger Woods drops out… http://bit.ly/1uxfg9S 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Steven Criss @AllSystemsGo_SC 9 feb.

Thank you @tigerwoods @nikegolf @nike!!! They look even better in real life! #golf #nikegolf… http://instagram.com/p/y5kKTnzTi6/ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites PGA News @pganewsdotcom 9 feb.

Woods continue de glisser au classement - http://get.sm/Pmbun 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Cgo SunTimes Redneck @ChicagaSunTimes 9 feb.

Tiger Woods as we knew him is gone and never coming back #DeadDead #GolfSwing #TigerWoods #TigersWoods http://j.mp/175Ywwq

431

0 Retweet 1 Favorites Tiger Woods Watch @TigerWoodsWatch 9 feb. #TigerWoods #Golf Tiger Woods Grand Slam Placque http://dlvr.it/8TDHKh #Buy #Online 0 Retweet 0 Favorites HOYSanLuis @HOYSanLuis 9 feb. #EUA Tiger Woods está en riesgo de quedar fuera del Campeonato Mundial LEER MÁS☞ http://hoyslp.mx/152645 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sportal.co.nz @SportalNZ 9 feb.

Has Tiger Woods bottomed out yet? He's just fallen to his lowest ever ranking… #golf http://bit.ly/1Cb56tc 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Michael Eaves @michaeleaves 9 feb.

Don't quite agree RT @GolfChannel: Ian Baker-Finch: Tiger Woods' real problem is "fear" - http://bit.ly/16LNMTa 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Cort Ockfen @ockfen 9 feb.

Pondering A Future Without Tiger Woods And Phil Mickelson: The Loop : Golf Digest http://golfdig.st/1FrrUbC 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Terrell J. Starr @Russian_Starr 9 feb.

My #AdviceforYoungJournalists: Journalism is an upper middle class white male country club that accepts a Tiger Woods now and then.

24 Retweets 31 Favorites Golf Channel @GolfChannel 9 feb.

According to CBS broadcaster Ian BakerFinch, Tiger Woods' real problem is "fear" - http://bit.ly/16LNMTa 44 Retweets 49 Favorites Golf News Net @GolfNewsNet 9 feb.

Tiger Woods heading for 90th in Official World Golf Ranking by March http://bit.ly/ 1KBTBRQ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Loz Angelez Timez @TehLATimez 9 feb.

Time to break addiction to Tiger Woods' show http://j.mp/1C3fVxr #gettyimages #horschel #woods 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Game On Therapeutix @GameOnTx 9 feb.

Tiger Woods as we knew him is gone and never coming back: It's hard to be bigger than life when you're doubled… http://bit.ly/1y1qLlj 0 Retweet 0 Favorites San Diego @SunTimesSD 9 feb.

Is @TigerWoods #PGATour career over?

He had to withdraw from the #FarmersInsuranceOpen at #TorreyPines w/ an injury: http://bit.ly/1Icqg2J 0 Retweet 0 Favorites 757Live Sports 757@LiveSports 9 feb. #Tiger Woods Has Masters Odds Jump to 50-1 After Glute Issues - Bloomberg http://757l.tk/1DVeDaa 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Cgo SunTimes Redneck @ChicagaSunTimes 9 feb.

Tigr Woods as we knew him is gone & nevr comin bak http://j.mp/1AcwSZO #ErnieEls #GoldenBear #JackNicklaus #TigerWoods 0 Retweet 0 Favorites News Detector @NewsDetector 9 feb.

Tigr Woods at his lowest OWGR position since 1996 cud plummet furthr #TigerWoods http://j.mp/1vASte8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

432

Patrick Stafford @pdstafford 9 feb.

Corruption RT @Serrels: @pdstafford I can't believe you used the wrong 'here'. http://bit.ly/1zqytpf 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tiger Woods Watch @TigerWoodsWatch 9 feb. #TigerWoods #Golf Nike Golf Tiger Woods Collection TW Print Polo Shirt Venom Green 542068-307 XL http://dlvr.it/8TCs28 #Buy #Online 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Offcourse Golf @Offcourse_Golf 9 feb.

Jason Day steps up at Torrey Pines!

Pondering a future without Tiger Woods and Phil Mickelson http://buff.ly/1DaNIbZ 0 Retweet 1 Favorites Rubby Lim @allinonesgnews 9 feb.

Tiger Woods has Masters odds jump to 50-1 after glute issues http://ift.tt/1zDS627 #today 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jose Boissier @jjbosy 9 feb.

Missing Links: Tiger Woods 'equivalent of sad figure Seve Ballesteros cut at end of his career' http://www.golfdigest.com/ blogs/the-loop/2015/02/missing-linkstiger-woods-equi.html…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Douglas Cunningham @cunningham_doug 9 feb.

Tiger Woods, forever defiant, is crumbling before our eyes http://wapo.st/16zFai8 #goodread #storytelling 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Misael Roque @MisaRoqueL 9 feb.

Tiger Woods está en riesgo de quedar fuera del Campeonato Mundial http://ift.tt/1y1kVQS #Siguemeytesigo 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

Hubert Roberge @hubert_roberge 9 feb.

Woods continue de glisser au classement http://cdn.pol.quebec/1y1lolY 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Rick Morrissey @MorrisseyCST 9 feb.

Say goodbye to Tiger Woods. My column: #PGA http://bit.ly/1AcsREB 0 Retweet 5 Favorites NFL Redskins Fans @NFL_RedskinsFan 9 feb. #Sports Tiger Woods Has Masters Odds Jump to 50-1 After Glute Issues Bloomberg http://bit.ly/1d5qTtO 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Peter Lindsay @ArchitectWeb 9 feb.

Tiger Woods at his lowest OWGR position since 1996, could plummet further http://j.mp/1IGtiN5 #got500 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tiger Woods Watch @TigerWoodsWatch 9 feb. #TigerWoods #Golf Nike Fit Dry Tiger Woods Collection SS Golf Polo Shirt Red Pink - XLarge XL http://dlvr.it/ 8TCGD4 #Buy #Online 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jennifer @brownjenjen 9 feb. » http://buff.ly/16HpOIf Why Tiger Woods May Be Finished #TigerWoods All his life, Tiger Woods has been chasing the number 19.Tiger Woodss…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites yours ports feeder @yoursportsfeeds 9 feb.

Ferguson: Tiger Woods' greatest strength may now be his biggest weakness http://goo.gl/fb/o9nhWt #golfnews 0 Retweet 0 Favorites

433

SBG Global @sbgglobal 9 feb.

2015 GOLF - TIGER WOODS is dropped out of the World Top 60 - 1st time since 1996! http://tinyurl.com/mc2xrk3 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tony Albamonte @OurTeamWinz 9 feb.

Tiger Woods at his lowest OWGR position since 1996, could plummet further http://dlvr.it/8TC6nP 5 Retweets 0 Favorites Scenes from Kauai @scenesfromkauai 9 feb.

At http://iqboom.com/kauai -- Lazy like Sunday mornings. Just hiking around with Tiger Woods. Thanks to @chelseakauai for the heads up. #t…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jeff Macke @JeffMacke 9 feb.

In which @AshleyKMayo makes me believe in golf. http://finance.yahoo.com/ news/the-future-of-tigerwoods-144655176.html… @YahooFinance @GolfDigest 1 Retweet 4 Favorites Edward Cullen @edward021 9 feb.

Four-Ball: How much worry for Tiger, Lefty?: And is Jason Day ready to challenge Rory McIlroy? http://tinyurl.com/ ow3vcvh 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Golf Courier @GolfCourier 9 feb.

Tiger Woods drops to lowest ranking since 1996 - Tiger Woods on Monday dropped to No. 62 in the world golf ranking… http://ow.ly/2UsUp8 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Metro TV News @metrotvnews_id 9 feb.

Golf: Biggest obstacle facing Tiger Woods might be between the ears: San

Diego : The BBC called on Thanksgivi… http://bit.ly/175QZh4 0 Retweet 0 Favorites EN news Sport @ENnewsSport 9 feb.

Can Tiger Woods regain the magic touch? - http://Tampabay.com http://bit.ly/ 1FrknJT #sport #news 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Erik Matuszewski @ematuszewski 9 feb.

Tiger Woods has #Masters odds jump to 50-1 w deactivated glutes. "I never thought we'd see him at this point. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/ 2015-02-09/tiger-woods-has-mastersodds-jump-to-50-1-after-glute-issues… #golf 1 Retweet 3 Favorites Tiger Woods Watch @TigerWoodsWatch 9 feb. #TigerWoods #Golf Nike Golf Tiger Woods 3 Men's Golf Polos Medium EUC http://dlvr.it/8TC25T #Buy #Online 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Tiger Woods Show @TigerWoodsShow 9 feb.

The golf world thinks Tiger Woods is a head case — and he might have to leave… - Business Insider http://dlvr.it/ 8TBxdk 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Sports Updator @BeInsuperable 9 feb.

Tiger Woods at his lowest OWGR position since 1996, could plummet further: Tiger Woods hasn't been this low in… http://yhoo.it/193jyMS 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Jim Coleman @JimColeman11 9 feb.

Honda Classic still hoping for Tiger Woods commit

434

http://fromthebunker.blog.palmbeachpost .com/2015/02/09/honda-classic-stillhoping-for-tiger-woods-commit/…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites Cyclone Sports Now @CycloneSN 9 feb.

The golf world thinks Tiger Woods is a head case — and he might have to leave the sport to fix it http://dlvr.it/8TBpJQ 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Insurance Show @InsuranceShow1 9 feb.

Jason Day set up for breakout year and other Farmers Insurance Open takeaways - SB Nation http://dlvr.it/8TBpmq 0 Retweet 0 Favorites Carl Griffin @Carl__Griffin 9 feb. Bruxelles, Belgique" Chicken fajitas, beer and Tiger Woods PGA 2005 at our apartment in Brussel's.

Yep @ Bruxelles http://instagram.com/p/ y5dl87Ny_r/ 0 Retweet 2 Favorites Ryan Ballengee @RyanBallengee 9 feb.

Based on some OWGR math, Tiger Woods should be about 90th after Doral if he misses the cut (or just misses) Honda.

2 Retweets 0 Favorites Ten-Golf @Tengolf 9 feb.

Where does really Tiger Woods hurt? http://www.ten-golf.com/en/blogsopinion/the-countdown-david-duran/ 18005-what-are-the-exact-origins-oftiger-woods-s-pains.html… Mind, physical… An interesting analysis from Spain…

0 Retweet 0 Favorites QuietOnTheTee @QuietOnTheTee 9 feb.

According to CBS broadcaster Ian BakerFinch, Tiger Woods' real problem is "fear" - do you agree? by golfchannel #Q… 0 Retweet 0 Favorites PGA.COM @PGA_com 9 feb.

Insightful take by @dougferguson405 on how @TigerWoods strengths have now become his weaknesses. http://go.pga.com/1CMZ7zZ 7 Retweets 4 Favorites Rotativo Querétaro @DiarioRotativo 9 feb.

Tiger Woods está en riesgo de quedar fuera del Campeonato Mundial - Diario Rotativo: http://rotativo.com.mx/deportes/ 381250-tiger-woods-esta-en-riesgo-dequedar-fuera-del-campeonatomundial/#.VNk331orrjk.twitter…

435

Theorical Analysis Q → 437

What do rumors really reveal about society?

R → 441

What are the specific conditions of online journalism and its future?

How risky is realtime news practise?

S → 448

All the same, could viral messages on social networks have a positive impact on society?

How could we use viral messages?

T → 450

In knowledge of problems raised by fake informations spreading online, how to behave as an Internet user?

Q

What do rumors really reveal about society?

Rumor= Social Issue M-L. Rouquette 2006

This indicates a rumor manifesting itself, this is the concomitant existence of an evil problem which is defined more or less clearly perceived by members of the considered community. Even if we take the term in a sense very wide, it is not of course by any “Problem”. It still has some properties that is worth detailing.

Can in this regard from the well-known correlation between rumor and crisis. There are rumors at all times no doubt. But it is also certain that the crisis situations (disasters, epidemics, wars, revolutions…) generate a proliferation of rumors and sensational news beyond the usual pace of ordinary occurrences and intensity of mobilizations. If the crisis is not strictly speaking creative rumors, it accelerates therefore, facilitates them. One can of informing accordingly on what kind “problem” or what a crisis is problematic aspects likely to have effects resulting in the proliferation rumoral “Solutions”.

Answer is quite simple. Since the crisis, by definition, a failure or a stay of proceedings, the “problems” are then laid or accented closely or indirectly to the concept of control: control the Nature, circumstances, systems, men, institutions and mores. Sometimes to describe and sometimes to explain what threat, which deviates from the norm, which empire, what escapes, rumor happens in a semi-public space marked by the implicit memory of social relations and organized according to the economy of practical knowledge.

Two important features immediately arise: the epistemic and the other, so to speak, agonistic.

Of the epistemic point of view, the rumor of an axiomatic rule exemplary which can be presented as follows: what happened to one may happen to all (the difference fades before membership) reported a single case is sufficient proof of possibility; the possibility occult probability. This design has its own control rigor. Demanding, and in a certain sense totalitarian, it leaves no room for uncertainty. Therefore, it can pass for particularly effective, protective and solicitous in while it strongly implies those who share it. One do not speak their effect in theory or principles, they speak themselves. It is for all these reasons that mixed rumor draws its Particular strength of conviction.

7 ← Summary

437

Colophon → 452

From relational point of view, the notion of control has application direct in the categorization and evaluation reports Intergroup.

The differentiation of the social fabric, which constitutes the bottom necessary for the emergence of a sense of belonging, results typically by expression of voltages, if the declaration of conflicts between groups occupying different positions. “We” are not like “them”, our values clash, our interests oppose. At the center of this differentiation are still the power relations. On one hand, sector by sector, those who decide, those who command, those who plan, those who know, those who can. In short, those who have to some degree a capacity publicly recognized control over the conduct of third parties. On the other, precisely those who suffer, obey, execute, depend, solicit. The latter, necessarily more numerous, develop into constantly this or that variety of what is sometimes called the “Conspiracy theory” or the “conspiracy theory” (cf. recently Campion-Vincent, 2005).

These naive theories, typical of the social thinking, express and maintain confidence in background relation to the powers of any kind. These are in fact designed (or if preferred perceived because there has an element of experience to the basic attitude) as having the support function manipulate, mislead and deceive the benefit of their representatives, all who are simple citizens, administered without quality, the “degree without soldiers” ordinary users.

There is no control, is it then seems to think, without consideration of lying. Gold it is shown that the rumors when they claim whisper Finally the truth, reveal what would otherwise remain hidden, making public what was intended to be confidential. Between underground and discretion, rudeness and sophistication, against-power of speech defends and illustrates a supposedly space inalienable freedom, which is not the least attraction of stories rumor, beyond their particular content.

These stories are unstable, as we know. On the next relay, it subtracts an item, we add another one invents an episode, players are moved, the consequences or places. But the transformation of the rumor is not the more or less random effects of limited intellectual capacity or circumstantial distractions. Instead, the story of a rumor is typically that of the progressive realization of an idea.

Far from witnessing the erratic drift a makeshift story, we see the expression always better motivated, more and more attentive, a shared certainty.

Consider some of the mechanisms by which a rumor becomes paradoxically gains in authenticity what it loses in fidelity.

438

Take for example the extrémisation attributes, actions and intentions: a stray dog immediately becomes “a monstrous wolf”, a fight quickly turns to the “battle”, a gathering is a “crowd”, the manifestation a disagreement is radicalized into explosion of hatred.

In connection with the conspiracy theory, the number of victims is still higher than was officially announced, the danger of a substance or a larger place that one says, and so on. This principle of inflation has the effect to snatch the story to triviality and maintain it so its pledge value of the social bond: what circulates among us must be worth the trouble, that is to say no not disfigure the same value of our relationship. It is not therefore transmit objectively a new trimmed the only warranties of minutes (which is not really a problem), it is overweight as appropriate elements that would ensure mutual recognition. The communication provides both the opportunity and the necessity part. Brauer, Judd and Gliner (1995) have shown experimentally that the expression of an attitude repeatedly contributed to the polarization (ie the extrémisation) thereof, this effect being even more pronounced when partners effectively interact.

Another very common mechanism in the adaptive transmission of rumors is one that involves growing the story in circulation comply with the usual conditions of life and the practical experience of its recipients: the place of action should not be too far ; players will preferably next social; the sets will be made of familiar visions; feelings or emotions expressed, mobile and springs of action should not be surprising. Fluctuating adaptations of the story that bring the latter to such an ideal match fitness as many forms of assimilation in the sense of Allport and Postman. One could also interpret them as phenomena or rather processes that realize the anchorage in question in the study of social representations: making the strange familiar, bring the new to the old so that one can appropriating (cf. Moscovici, 1961), which is far closer, civilize which would be wild, customize abstractions. As we see, this is not the result of insufficient information that allegedly would lead to having to be content with rough approximations or abusive metaphors; This "making compliance" is actually one of the regulations that will allow the rumor spread in the community, that is to say, to accomplish. Similarly, the solution of an ill-defined problem is admissible only if it is compatible with the values, action skills and interests of the group to which it is addressed.

So the rumors are clearly among other phenomena, including in the framework of social thought. Consequently, they fall outside

439

of a medical disorder, but to end this setting that fits the expression of the knowledge and belief to the slightest movement of sociability. This brings us, about collective productions, one of the most operational sense of the concept of creativity (see Rouquette, 1995). It is often likened to a disorderly ferment that undermines norms and seems to escape to local constraints, although it is mostly processes and practices perfectly inscribed in a field of cognitive determinations, communication and social. Nothing more normal than to create there even occupations for this, organized markets, institutions of support or preparation. Just as any creation has a cultural upstream (which of course includes technical resources, canonical forms, collective memory) and concomitant social recognition (immediate or delayed), the rumor is not a fanciful flowing outbreak haphazardly meeting in a chaos of prejudices, obsessions and fragmented knowledge. Making the rumor its particular rationality is evidently neither exalt nor absolve him, but emphasized its inclusion in a "normal" sociability and its continuity with the usual forms of knowledge.

“Rumor= Social Issue,” M-L. Rouquette, in Théorie des rumeurs et théorie des problèmes, Diogène, 1/2006 (n° 213), p. 46-53, www.cairn.info/revue-diogene-2006-1-page-46.htm.

440

R

What are the specific conditions of online journalism and its future?

How risky is realtime news practise?

The Future of Journalism in a Distributed Communication Architecture J.E. Newhagen & M.R. Levy 2013

The architectures of information technologies reflect the societal power relationships they embody. This observation is most poignant in moments of convergence, when old social systems struggle to maintain their integrity within the context of the architecture defined by the new technology (McLuhan, 1964/1994).

Journalism, we contend, now finds itself at such a juncture, as it reflects on a set of mature norms and canons established during the reign of mass circulation newspapers, and as it looks ahead to computer-based information network technologies.

Newspaper ond television production can be imagined as hoving an hour-glass shape: Large amounts of information flow in linear fashion from many sources through a narrow journalistic “neck” and on to a mass of readers or viewers. The ability to control this linear flow rests almost exclusively with the journalist. The result is an asymmetry in social power, with the scales clearly tipped toward the journalist. Indeed, this inequality of power helps define the way society regards news work and gives rise to public and professional concerns about such concepts as credibility and objectivity. Thus, for example, one key component of objectivity, balance in news content, becomes an issue for journalism because of the perecived imbalance in power between journalists and their clients.(1)

1. Some news sources may have the ability to co-opt this agendasetting role by strategically positioning themeselves at a point where the hourglass has already narrowed, but still prior to the journalist in the news flow. Of course, journalists are taught to be on guard against this possibility, but frequently succumb to it under daily deadline pressure. lndeed, this observation applies equally to journalists and public relations agents since both are subject to the same architectural constraints on their ability to control content.

The convergence of linear mass media technologies with nonlinear computer technologies, raises the issue of what the social relationships between information provider and receivers will look like in any hybrid technology.

At such moments of convergence, the meaning of basic concepts, which might have seemod obvious to an earlier generation, demand re-examination and explication.

In that vein, we first examine the essential product of journalistic endeavor-news-and consider it as a special category of survivalenhancing information. Then, we discuss the process of news creation in the context of mass media technology. Finally, we speculate about the durability of the journalistic institution in the age of network-based information technologies.

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NEWS AND SURVIVAL Journalists report, edit, and distribute a special category of infonnation called news. The unique character of news has to do with a basic need common to all living things for information about novel or threatening events in their surroundings (Darwin. l872/ l964). 1magine the moment when some prehistoric ancestor out on a hunt encountered a sudden rustling in the jungle bush. From an information-processing perspective. the challenge for this unkempt wag is to pay aucntion to the novel event, classify it based on limited information, and reach a behavioral decision about how to respond, all in real time (Newhagen & Reeves. 1992). This evolutionary imperative, manifested by the question, “Will I be its dinner, or will it be mine?” is driven by the ability to process limited infonnation under time pressure efficiently (see lang. 1990; Newhagen, 1994).

Across the millennia, civilization arguably has advanced, but the information processing problem (i.e., understanding novel events in a complex environment with limited time and resources) has remained remarkably constant. lf anything, the problem has become more complex because our infonnntion needs have far exceeded the range of direct sensory observation. lnformntion-processing technologies thus perform the critical task of locating survivalspecific events at distant locations, collecting raw data about them, and packaging them into messages called news.

True, sometimes novel information not directly related to survival is created by those mediating technologies. A story about a frog with two heads, for example, might make the newspaper. But it is not, in the sense used here, strictly defined as news. If news can be thought of as survival-relevant information about novel events, then the process of newswork becomes an important phenomenon for study. In what follows, we offer some preliminary thoughts about the relationship of news to the technologies that are used in its creation.

TECHNOLOGY AND THE INFORMATION SPECIALIST Throughout history, every age has had its “defining technology” (e.g., the printing press, steam engine, or computer) and, in each of those arbitrarily delineated “ages,” certain prominent characteristics or anthropomorphic qualities of the defining technologies are commonly adopted as positive societal and individual traits (Bolter, 1974). As we show later in this chapter, the social role of

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the information specialist is always negotiated within the context of the dominant or defining media technology at any historical moment. In thinking about technology, we are less interested in its physical implementation and more concerned, to borrow a phrase from computer science, with its system architecture. Specifically, technology is process, with its architecture manifested in any number of physical implementations (Beniger, 1986). War drums and newspapers are both manifestations of a technology where message senders encode information into abstract symbols whose meaning is understood by their receivers. In one case, the technology, language, is implemented by using hollow logs, and in the other, printing presses are used. It is important to understand that while the messages sent by drum might contain novel survivalrelevant information, they are not news unless they are the product of a mass medium system.

This is illustrated by the fact that while information about novel events seems to have been valued very early in human history, the word “news” did not come into usage until the European invention of movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century (Simpson & Weiner, 1989).(2) 2. Prior to the invention of movable type, current events were called tidings (Emery & Emery, 1988).

While unquestionably a critical advance in human communication, neither the printing press nor movable type enabled a true mass medium. Movable type had more to do with regularity and uniformity than it did scope or, to use today's jargon, penetration (Bolter, 1991). Neither did it trigger the formation of a class of information professionals. Notice that the people who created newspapers at this point were called printers, reflecting the relationship between artisans and their press. Moreover, printers stood as peers with the merchants of the emerging middle class. As the merchants were go-betweens in the world of trade and commerce, so the printers became go-bet weens in the world of information.

These two observations are important, because they imply there was considerable consensus between information provider and client about content.

The word “journalism” did not come into usage until 1833 (Simpson & Weiner, 1989). That almost exactly coincides with the emergence of mass circulation newspapers in the eastern United States, a feat made possible by high-speed rotary steam presses (Emery & Emery, 1988). Those presses were able to take one message and very rapidly produce enormous numbers of exact replicas at extremely low cost. This added the important characteristic of scope to newspapers, and represents the implementation of a truly mass medium.

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3. For an earlier use of this industrial metaphor to model local television news production. See Bantz, McCorkle, and Baade 1980.

4. We are fully aware of the research literature that stresses ihe subjective nature of news creation and the negotiated reading/viewing of news texts by audiences. However, we still contend that the power of journalists lies in their role as initial definers of newsworthiness.

The production and consumption of a mass circulation newspaper might be likened to that of a Hershey bar. The first step in the production of the taste treat is to collect and to dry large quantities of chocolate beans at some remote tropical location, then ship them to a central production facility. At this point the raw material is concentrated into a powerful extract or essence. Only a small amount of that extract is then added to a vat of other ingredients, from which huge numbers of perfectly identical candy bars are produced and distributed.

Similarly, in news work, vast amounts of data are gathered from around the world and collected at some central production facility.(3) A similar process of concentration or compression then takes place, where data are reduced to a potent extract or essence called stories, and then combined to create huge numbers of replicas called newspapers.

Mass media architectures are sufficiently complex as to require a great deal of specialization and differentiation. The collectors have power in the process to the degree they control raw material.

Their title, “reporter,” suggests a relationship between them and the events they cover.(4) Editors, by contrast, derive a great deal of power based largely on their position in the message concentration process. Notice that their title (editor) refers to their relationship to the product (data/ news), not to the replication technology, as was the case with the printer. Editors reside in the production facility, the newsroom, at exactly the narrowest point of information flow, where compression or condensation of the raw data takes place. Editors work at the task of data compression, creating uniform story units that enable the printing or broadcasting technology to infinitely replicate them. This power is manifested in all their editorial functions. For instance, the role of assignment editor constitutes a form of filtering Beniger ( 1986) calls preprocessing. This filtering role is most evident at the moment of story selection, and has been conceptualized as gate keeping and agenda setting. Copy editors, too, exert an enormous amount of power based on their ability to look within stories and actually manipulate the raw data provided by the reporters, giving it meaning by imposing structure. Given the amount of real power they have in the creation of “meaning” in the news, it's ironic that the copy editing function is depicted as one of the most tedious and least glamorous of all jobs in journalism. Regardless of their specific function, ectitorial power derives from the fact that very small expenditures of energy are amplified to have enormous reach into the mass population of message receivers.

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5. In a similar discussion of the need for standardization in complex technologies, Beniger (1986) discusses how time zones were created to help prevent railroad train wrecks.

In tum, the reader receives only a diluted “dose” of the concentrated data in the form of their exact replica copy. This is important to understand because, unlike earlier days of printing, in the era of mass media, message producers, particularly for the elite media, are no longer the peers of the message receivers (Harwood, 1995). Editors now control content; it is precisely their job to embed meaning or structure in the raw data (Hall, 1980). This is stated in the agenda-setting dictum that editors do not tell their readers what to think, but they do tell them what to think about (McCombs & Shaw, 1972).

The obvious need for professionalization at this stage of development can be seen by imagining what happens when a batch of chocolate extract goes bad at the candy plant. Of course, the gravity of mistake is amplified by the process of concentration, and the market ends up being flooded by bitter tasting candy bars.

To avoid that catastrophe the concentration process must become highly standardized, and controlled by skilled technicians.(5) Likewise, with the advent of mass circulation newspapers, the standard production of news became the job of a professional elite largely due to a concern with quality control. For instance, if journalists wrote each story out by hand, a factual error might be confined to just one copy of the newspaper. However, when a journalist commits an error within the architecture of a mass replication information system such as a newspaper, it will be faithfully reproduced thousands, or even millions of times. (This line of reasoning can be extended to television news production because, while it differs from newspapers in important ways, broadcast journalism is obviously still a mass media system.) Thus, standardization and canonization help motivate the generation of “good” information.

The discussion of what “good” means within the normative language of the professional revolves around the central theme of truth. The practice of techniques to insure accuracy, balance, and fairness are all deemed important to the degree they help achieve truth.6 While those norms lay out a practical proscriptive agenda on how to achieve the goal of objective truth, they do not really say why that goal is important. It is at this point that conceptualizing news as novel, survival-dependent information becomes valuable.

Evolution has endowed the species with a set of psychological heuristics to help insure the organism attends to and processes “good” information from the proximate environment. The visual system, for instance, is designed to attend to rapid or novel motion (Gibson, 1979). Humans employ sophisticated heuristics in the assessment of risk, with outcome probabilities overweighted to emphasize become fragmented during transmission due to the packet switching protocol employed by the TCP/IP standard employed by 445

the Internet. Thus, different parts of the message may take an entirely different route across the Net before reuniting at their destination.

McLuhan (1964/1994) argued that technologies are extensions of human processes, and the information technologies are extensions of the central nervous system. That logic makes the idea of a computer network based on a parallel distributed-processing architecture compelling. Rumelhart and McClelland (1986) describe the architecture of human learning and memory in precisely those terms. Si nee their watershed work first appeared, the body of evidence s upporting the idea that the brain is wired into such networks has grown steadily (see Hinton & Anderson, 1989). Computer desingers have even come to borrow from this psychophysiological model, constructing “neural net” programs that have the capacity to learn, and link super-computers together in “massively parallel, distributed” architectures. Neither is the similarity between the architecture of the brain and the Net lost on the socalled cyberpunk genre of science fiction, in which computer hackers “jack in” to make a seamless connection between their nervous system and the Net (see Gibson, 1984).

Data concentration is unnatural in distributed network architectures that facilitate dispersed message production. Thus, the application of canons or standards produced to deal with mass media systems may be unnatural, unrealistic, and practically impossible to apply in a setting where any participant is equally likely to be a message producer as a message receiver. Members of such a system are more likely to be true peers, further eroding social codes borne out of the need to protect against the amplification of error fostered by power imbalances. First, the reportorial act of data collection is dispersed, with data collection potentially taking place at any node on the Net. Second, and most importantly, editors may lose control of the agenda. Movable type brought standardization and regularity to symbolic human communication.

The rotary steam press added scope. Networked computers now add resolution to information technology, manifested in the inherent interactivity of the architecture. Now, journalists have to examine what their role will be in the context of such parallel distributed communication architectures. An initial investigation might begin by re-examining some of the essential functions performed by journalists in a mass media system.

Collecting information and certifying its factual accuracy is central to journalism. Thinking back to the role of news as the presentation of survival-specific information, the demand for factual accuracy is obvious. The importance journalism places on verification can be seen in the practice of double checking sources or getting 446

more than one source for a “story.” Verification gives journalistic communication credibility and believability, characteristics which are critical if information is to be useful in survival-dependent decision making. In practice, editors may play a part in creating story facticity, but this is usually only in a backstop or quality control mode and is facilitated by their position at the narrowest part. of the hourglass architecture, where vast amounts of data are reduced for transmission as a single message to a mass audience. By contrast, it is difficult to imagine how this verification function might work in a distributed architecture and, in its absence, the burden of verification may thus shift back to the audience. Interactive information searches will call on the users to employ a set of highly effortful cognitive skills they may not now possess.

Newspaper journalism is elegant in its ability to provide guideposts for readers. The newspaper's nameplate, a story's location in the newspaper, and the elemental writing style all aid readers in their information assessment task. Those signposts, however, will largely be absent on the Net. Judgments about credibility will have to be even more contextual and site specific. 8 For instance, the user of a computer discussion group focusing on Italian cars might judge it to be a highly credible site for information about rebuilding an Alfa Romeo engine, but not think much of it as a source of information about race relations.

“The Future of Journalism in a Distributed Communication Architecture,” John E. Newhagen & Mark R. Levy (University of Maryland) in Diane L. Borden, Kerric HarveyRoutledge, 5 nov. 2013, in The Electronic Grapevine, Routledge, p.178-192.

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All the same, could viral messages on social networks have a positive impact on society?

How could we use viral messages?

Rumor, Mobile Phone, and Resistance in contemporary China J. Liu 2013

The ubiquity of new media technologies has generated unprecedented possibilities for the proliferation of rumor (e.g., Harsin 2006; Solove 2007; Sunstein 2009). With these increasingly popular information technologies such as the Internet and mobile phone, for instance, rumors multiply and cripple political campaign (e.g., Kolbert 2009), or thrive and damage business reputation (e.g., Solove 2007), or even escalate and trigger panics in society (e.g., Kleinman and Watson 2006). (…)

Communication instantaneousness and rapid diffusion The accessibility of mobile technology—including perpetual contact, synchronous communication, and group texting—allows the diffusion of rumor to occur rapidly (Jensen 2010: 71-72; Katz and Aakhus 2002; Ling 2004; Ling and Campbell 2009). As a uniquely easy-touse and instant communication device, the mobile phone allows users to get in touch with each other, but also to receive and relay rumors, at the flick of a button. Additionally, low-cost mass texting services offer a cheap way to distribute messages (rumors) on a large scale, which accordingly brings rumors into the open for a short time. (…)

With the click of a button people disseminate rumors through a mobile phone, whereby they show their suspicions, distrust and challenges toward government, or involve themselves in revolts against authorities Mobile phone-mediated rumor thus lowers the average protest threshold and gives vent to long pent-up resentments of entrenched authoritarian regime. Most importantly, it brings an unprecedented opportunity for people, especially those without complicated communication skills, to raise their own voices, resist and disregard authorities’ orders, to show their disobedient attitudes, and to carry out uncooperative activities. Meantime, communication on mobile phones happens in a close-knit network where everyone knows everyone else.

The engagements of someone you already know greatly increase both the credibility of messages and the sense of security for participation. Last but not least, the prevalence of mobile devices and synchronous mobile communication accumulates rumor discourse

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into large-scale resistance over a very short time. All of these variables bring mobile phone-mediated rumor to implement a crucial impact on contemporary Chinese society. The emergence, circulation and proliferation of rumors via mobile communication, while to certain extent leading to panics and mass incidents, serve to undermine the legitimacy of the regime.Writing about conspiracy theories, journalist Jonathan Kay argues that “people come to their paranoias for all sorts of complicated reasons” (2011, xx).

This may be true, but there are certain patterns to this type of thinking. There are some types of people who will reject incredulous information out of hand. There are other individuals who tend toward a conspiratorial mindset and would be more inclined to accept the types of beliefs that Thompson (2008) terms “counterknowledge” –among them rumors that paint government figures in a poor light. These tendencies toward conspiratorial antigovernment thinking can be captured by scales developed by political scientists and psychologists to sort individuals into different personality types. In particular, general personality scales that have been the subject of work in political science could, in theory, capture general patterns of rumor acceptance.

In particular, the diffusion of rumors accumulates a power of resistance against the official hegemonic discourse and control of communications, including the use of the accusation of “rumor” to stifle any different voices and ordinary communicative activities.

Mobile communication is perceived as the only platform on which people can express and share their opinions, while, to a degree, interacting with each other without government control. Mobile phone-mediated rumor thus cultivates the political affordances of mobile media as a vehicle of both empowerment and mobilization for grassroots.

“Rumor, Mobile Phone, and Resistance in contemporary China”, Jun Liu, Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University, 2013, http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit8/papers/Jun_Liu_full_paper.pdf

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In knowledge of problems raised by fake informations spreading online, how to behave as an Internet user?

What Internet brings to popular belief diffusion G. Bronner 2011

Internet, does not convey false or questionable ideas, we can find it, well heard all kinds of reliable information, and it is a tool valuable.

It may further be noted that in the 15-24 age group, and for the first time since the advent of television, the time spent watching television has fallen while that spent on Internet continues to grow (while also decreasing the time spent on reading newspapers, books and listen to the radio).

This indicates ceteris paribus that the search for information on the Internet is a growing proportion of demand young cognitively market. Moreover, half of the Internet users, says one, spend more than 70% of their time connection to search for information through search engines and, among these, Google won a position oligopolistic. In addition, when the user fails in its research, it tries a second experiment with different keyword but on the same search engine in 76.4% of cases rather than trying another tool.

This prompted me to use the Google search engine to simulate how an average internet user could access a some cognitive offers five topics that I will detail below. Google owes part of its popularity to some devices Simple and clever techniques. The actual algorithms organize the efficiency of the first global search engine remain secrets, but we know that the centerpiece is called pagerank (PR).

This is a numerical score which assesses the value of a site according to its popularity. This measure is determined primarily by the number of links pointing to a site and the number of links itself is weighted by the popularity of the sites where they are from. Experts have noted that this measure is logarithmic, that is to say, with some bearings, it becomes increasingly difficult to progress.

In making this assessment, thousands of programs robots roam the World Wide Web and a site all more likely to be visited it a high PR. Its operation So even says something about the availability of supply on Internet. There is therefore a corresponding tendency between ease of accession to information and its dissemination and massification that of beliefs. This is a point that does not seem to have seriously considered the Proponents of reducing the

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“digital divide”. And even if they add to their vows will reduce the “knowledge divide” in Hope to see all increase the level of study because it “Involves the mastery of certain cognitive skills, critical and theoretical, whose development is precisely the subject companies knowledge”, they would do well not to expect too much of the general increase in the educational level of the population. He has been shown many times, in fact, a good intellectual formation immunisait not at all against joining all kinds of beliefs.

It is even the opposite is true if one believes, for example, investigations and Michelat Boy (1986) on French beliefs concerning parasciences: “Clearly, we must abandon a linear model where proximity to rationalism or scientific thinking would mirror raising the level of education.“ Thus, according to their study, the belief paranormal or astrology key, in ascending order: primary, upper primary, secondary and higher non scientist. In the same vein, one could mention that those who adhere more easily to the myth of the monster of Loch Ness21 are, again, graduates of individuals, even for fans of homeopathy, as noted Bouchayer (1986)… One could multiply examples, but the most striking studies are those which show that even extreme beliefs, in any case those inspired by the murderous acts, appear more easily endorsed by individuals with a level of qualification higher than moyenne it not be said differently from those who adhere to sectaires movements.

Gérald Bronner, « Ce qu’Internet fait à la diffusion des croyances », Revue européenne des sciences sociales, 49-1 | 2011, Jan. 01 2015, http://ress.revues.org/805; DOI: 10.4000/ress.805

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Contextualised Informations Understanding Fake Informations Online Jan.2015—Mar.2015 (0.2) All the informations contained in this publication come from the Web. This book has been generated on the 2015-04-01.

This book has been printed on demand on Blurb http://blurb.com from the website www.contextualised-informations.org Theorical Selection: Léna Robin Design & Book-Programming: Léna Robin Software Developpement: Léna Robin & Mathieu Allard All of the fonts used in this publication are free and open-source: TeX Gyre Heros (GUST e-foundry, 2008) Gentium Basic (SIL International, 2009) Playfair Display (Claus Eggers Sørensen, 2013) Career (Antoine Gelgon, 2014) Pressuru (Roman Gornitsky, 2011) Insolent (Alec Julien, 2009 [only free of charge]) For background material and more about this publication, please visit: www.contextualised-informations.org.

Strasbourg, 2015.

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