Tennessee Turfgrass - August / September 2018

August/September 2018

The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association, the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association and the Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association

Uncovering the Truth About Turf Covers PLUS: Member Spotlight on TTA President Jason Pooler

Lessons on

Winter Injury

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16 The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association, Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association and the Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association

TABLE OF CONTENTS August/September 2018

FEATURED ARTICLES

16 20 24

Member Spotlight – TTA President, Jason Pooler

20

Cover Story — Lessons on Winter Injury Turf Talk — Uncovering the Truth About Turf Covers

DEPARTMENTS From the TTA President, Jason Pooler

6

From the TVSTMA President, Martin Kaufman

8

Industry News

9

From the MTGCSA President, Brad Marcy

10

From the ETGCSA President, Pat Rose

12

From the MAGCSA President, David L Johnson

14

University of Tennessee Turf Team

29

Calendar of Events

30

Index of Advertisers

30

The Tennessee Turfgrass Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Tennessee Turfgrass Magazine, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright © 2018 by the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. Tennessee Turfgrass is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. Third-class postage is paid at Nashville, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: Tennessee Turfgrass allows reprinting of material.

Permission requests should be directed to the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 790-3718, Fax (615) 794-4524.

24

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From the TTA President

Jason Pooler

You Never Know When

You Need

A Friend

If

you didn’t make it to the UT Field Day, you missed a good one. The UT staff put together a great educational program which provided so much information for us to take home and put to good use. It is an excellent opportunity to see your colleagues and friends as well as meet new ones. Not only is the education an important part of events like field days and the Tennessee Turfgrass Conference and Trade Show, networking and making new friends is also something that we need to do. If you don’t attend events like these, you may not meet that friend or colleague who just might help you later in life.

I had the honor to take seven teenage Boy Scouts to Colorado the week of July 13. We went white water rafting 20 miles down the Royal Gorge and backpacked for 3 1/2 days. We hiked 32 miles up mountains to 11,400 feet. The trip showed us we are always learning and what I learned about the new generation’s ways was priceless.

T

s s i o n of i m e h

The boys also learned what kind of people we have in our turf industry. On the way to Colorado, our bus transmission went out in Wichita, Kansas. I called upon a local sod farm there for help.

I had met Tony and Oliva Wilbur who own the Sod Shop at a field day in Kansas City on September 8, 2015. Without hesitation, they picked us up from the side of the road and took us to pick up a rental van. They fed us at 10:30 that evening and then let us “camp” in their new shop for the night. They are first class folks who I would not have met if I had not gone to that field day.

With that in mind, don’t forget our annual conference and trade show will be January 7–9, 2019 in Murfreesboro. Your TTA board and the UT staff work hard to put a great conference and trade show together. You don’t need to miss it. Come meet a new friend.

Jason Pooler TTA President

the T e n ne ssee Tur fg r a s s A s s o c i at

ion

To promote the turfgrass industry through education, scholarship and research.

6

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

“First Class Turf Grass Dirt Cheap” The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association, the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association and the Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association

Tennessee Turfgrass is the official publication of The Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, Tennessee 37069 (615) 928-7001 info@ttaonline.org www.ttaonline.org Published by Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, Tennessee 37064 (615) 790-3718 Fax (615) 794-4524 Email: info@leadingedge communications.com Editor Dr. James Brosnan TTA OFFICERS President Jason Pooler Tri-Turf Sod Farms, Inc. (731) 642-3092 Vice President Doug Ward Belle Meade C.C. (615) 292-6752 Secretary/Treasurer Chris Sykes Tellico Village (865) 458-5408 Past President Theo Lankford Kormac, LLC (615) 519-2701 Executive Director Melissa Martin Tennessee Turfgrass Assn.

(615) 928-7001 TTA 2018 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Ryan Blair, CGCS Bart Cash Cal Hill Joe Hill Jeff Kuhns Timothy Long Bill Marbet Jason Sanderson Darren Seybold Ryan Storey Paul Webb Scott Wicker TTA ADVISORY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Bill Blackburn Dr. Jim Brosnan Dr. Brandon Horvath Lynn Ray Jeff Rumph, CGCS Dr. Tom Samples Dr. John Sorochan Dr. Wes Totten

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TTA• TVSTMA • TGCSA

7

From the T VSTMA Pre s ident

Martin Kaufman

Planning

ahead utumn arrives faster than we anticipate. Planning ahead for the expected and unexpected is a key skill we all employ. I am a believer that success or failure today is really success or failure six months ago in our preparations. Record keeping helps us prepare, plan and project as we evaluate, calculate and validate.

The TVSTMA Board is no exception. As we experienced in 2018 in West TN, (February 7th) with the Red Birds, Middle TN Field Day at Ridley Park in Columbia, (July 25th) and the Smokies in East TN, (November 7th) we also plan for 2019 TTA Conference with TVSTMA Annual meeting and elections. Please start reflecting on your desire to serve the industry as well as seek relationships and education to improve our personal and professional performance.

I encourage CSFM testing and Environmental Facility Certification, this officially confirms that STMA environmental best practices are implemented throughout the facility in 10 areas of management. This certification is valid for three years and is awarded to the facility, not a person. Review the Environmental Facility Certification requirements at: https://www.stma.org/environmentalfacility-certification-program/ For more info, contact Ryan Storey at Vanderbilt: ryan.storey@vanderbilt.edu I also encourage nominations for STMA’s highest honors, the four Founders Awards, which recognize those members who have made significant contributions to STMA and to the profession.

Think about those who have made a difference in your career and the careers of your peers. See the criteria for each award at: 8

https://11luuvtufne6f2y33i1nvediwpengine.netdna-ssl.com/ wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Founders-criteria.docx

Use this form to nominate a member who embodies the attributes of one or more of the Founders. Submittals due Oct. 15: https://11luuvtufne6f2y33i1nvedi-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/ wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Founders-nomination-formInteractive-updated-082112.pdf We kick off 2019 with the TTA conference, followed by the STMA National Conference in Phoenix, Arizona, followed by a TVSTMA event in Middle TN, our 2019 Field Day at Pigeon Forge in East TN, with the final event being in West TN. As we finalize these plans, please go to www.tvstma.org to seek or submit information. I am going to highlight the ‘Classifieds’ tab on the far right of the webpage. Please use this to advertise jobs or yourself in the form of a Resume. I am sure you have experienced the lack of labor in our industry. This also might hamper your own ability to improve your professional standing despite the “job security”. Remember, TVSTMA is your local industry organization formed to serve you. We all need to submit to receive.

Please consider submitting your “two cents” to make it possible to receive the return on investment. Collaboration is a key to community. Let’s help each other communicate, cooperate and serve our communities by engaging people, taking care of people, spaces and places important to you and making a difference — every person every day! If I may be of service please contact me: (615) 946-8547 or martin.kaufman@abm.com

Martin Kaufman, CSFM, CPSI TVSTMA President

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

Industry News

Award Nominations Are Due! It is time again to recognize the people and places that make Tennessee Turfgrass a vibrant and successful community.

The

TTA Awards Committee, consisting of highly regarded TTA professionals, will independently judge the entries.

These Awards will be presented at the TTA Awards Ceremony at the 2019 TTA Annual Conference. Nominations are still open for the following awards:

2018 TTA Sports Field of the Year Award • TTA Professional Sports Field of the Year • TTA Collegiate Sports Field of the Year • TTA High School Sports Field of the Year • TTA Municipal Sports Field of the Year

2018 TTA Environmental Stewardship Award 2018 TTA Golf Course of the Year Award • TTA Private Golf Course of the Year • TTA Public Golf Course of the Year T

731-692-3515 TifTuf • Tifway Bermuda • Blended Tall Fescue Meyer Z-52 Zoysia • Palisades Zoysia

Visit our website at ttaonline.org for all award criteria and make your nominations by October 31, 2018.

•

www.mccurdysodfarms.com • mccurdysodfarms@gmail.com

From the MTGCSA President

Brad Marcy

MTGCSA

Summer

Update

We

are getting ready for the second half of the Middle Tennessee educational session. Earlier in the season we had meetings at Nashville Golf and Athletic Club

and Westhaven Golf Club. We have 2 more stops to make. We will be going to Ellington Ag center in Nashville for the September meeting. Dr. Windham has set up an impressive lineup of speakers for us and a

tour of the laboratory. To my recollection we have not done a meeting like this one and I am excited to participate. We will have our final meeting of the year at Bluegrass Golf and Yacht Club in November.

This is always a great place to pick up some CEU’s. Tyler Ingram always has the course in great shape for a round of golf after the meeting.

Something else that we are working on is an Equipment Managers educational session. It is still in the design phase, but I hope that we can get it up and running for October.

We also have the S&R Tournament coming up on October 30th. We will be at Belle Meade Country Club this year with Doug Ward as our host. Please book your foursome soon. There is limited availability with this one and it will fill up quick.

On a final note, I will be serving as your TN GCSAA Chapter Delegate for the coming year and will be attending the Chapter Delegates meeting in November at GCSAA headquarters as well as representing our chapter at the at elections during GIS. If you have any questions or concerns with Chapter voting or any concerns in general, please do not hesitate to contact me.

I hope all of you have had a good season this Summer.

Brad Marcy Indian Hills Golf Course MTGCSA President 10

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

From the E TGCSA President

Pat Rose

See you in

October!

I

Blue Tag Certified Sod ensures that the turfgrass has been grown and inspected to maintain genetic identity and purity.

Call for pricing or visit our farm.

Two Locations in Tennessee

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12

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

hope everyone had a great summer and is ready to enjoy some fall weather.

For those of us in the East Tennessee Superintendents Association, it’s time to dust off the clubs and tee it up in the Scholarship and Research Tournament.

This year’s event will be held at Council Fire Golf Club. Gary Weller and his team always do an outstanding job preparing that golf course and we thank him and the Council Fire membership for sharing this outstanding venue with our Association.

Come early, you’ll need the extra time to get accustomed to those super-fast greens.

Regarding entry, I encourage you to assemble a team from your club. This is a great way to build relationships with your staff or membership. Most clubs will have at least three people willing to support the event once they learn that proceeds benefit research and scholarships right here in East Tennessee. Splitting a team with another club is an option that is really growing in popularity. Regardless of how you choose to enter, just enter the field and come have some fun as we close out 2018!

See you in October!

Patrick P. Rose ETGCSA President

From the MAGCSA President

David L Johnson

Just Hold On...

It’s Almost Over!

As

the summer months are coming to an end, the anticipation of fall is in everyone’s mind. I know that it is on mine! The end of summer in the southeast means that football is kicking off and cooler air is going to prevail. With fall around the corner, it also means that we are staring down the close of another year at MAGCSA. We have already had some great meetings and looking forward to some fun events in the coming months.

We kicked off the year with a crawfish social event at TPC Southwind. This was a great time for everyone to relax and catch up from the winter months. Thanks to Nick Bisanz and his staff for having us in a great location.

The next month we had a roundtable discussion about some of the current issues that are affecting our industry. This was held at Windyke Country Club, and everyone enjoyed a great day of golf afterwards. Thanks again to Andrew Foster and his staff.

In the month of May, we were fortunate to visit Chickasaw Country Club and tour the course that is undergoing major renovations. This was a very hands-on event as we walked and viewed how the course was being transformed to the new configurations that will complement the new ultradwarf greens that are being installed. Thanks to Dan Stump for allowing us to see the ongoing progress that is happening at CCC. The month of June took us to Olive Branch Country Club. We heard a presentation from Dr. Ruiz at Waypoint Analytical. Oscar is great at explaining areas of soil analysis that reaches points that

14

are sometimes overlooked. Thank you Phillip Carter and his staff, who had the course ready that day.

Ridgeway Country Club hosted our August meeting where we heard a great presentation from Dr. Jay McCurdy about weed management and chemical options. Superintendent Rory Branson had the course in great playing condition.

The remainder of the year is full of great events that will include our annual Bushwood Classic qualifier at Jackson Country Club. This is a more eastern location for us, and thanks goes to JD Boyce for hosting it. This is another great location that we are excited to play.

The golfing year will be wrapped up with our S&R tournament at Spring Creek Ranch on October 29th. This is always a great fundraiser for our association and I hope all of you will participate in this event to further our profession and help those that are following our footsteps.

Our final wrap up event will be held at the Jones’ farm for a skeet shoot and a shrimp boil. This is a great time to relax and reflect on the year gone by. I hope that all of you finish the year out strong and as always, I hope that you can get out and enjoy the great profession that we are blessed to be in.

Sincerely,

David L. Johnson Kirkwood National Golf Club MAGCSA President

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

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TTA Member S p otlight

Jason Pooler T

here’s no denying the wide reach of Jason Pooler’s TriTurf Sod Farm.

From his rural West Tennessee farm, Jason and his team provide sod for athletic fields, golf courses and residential customers across the state and beyond.

After being in the sod business for 27 years, Jason has learned a thing or two about sod. And business. “If you don’t have employees, you don’t have a business,” he says.

Toward that end, one of Jason’s main goals is to create a great work environment and to treat his 30 employees like family.

It is obvious that he’s doing something right, as many of his current employees have been with him for over a decade.

Jason emphasizes that this family work environment doesn’t mean that the team doesn’t work hard. In fact, it’s just the opposite. Every member of the team is invested in the success of the farm, and therefore has the work ethic to make it grow and thrive.

“I don’t ask my staff to do anything I wouldn’t do,” Jason says. It is just that investment in his team that has helped him grow from a 5-acre farm when he started in 1991 to his current 840 acres. In those 27 years in business, Jason notes that there have been a lot of changes.

Of course, technology has changed a lot about how his team works, especially some machinery turning to single operator. Another major difference is all the new varieties of grasses and that they all require licenses to grow them. TriTurf grows Latitude 36 Bermudagrass, Tifway 419 Bermuda, Tifway II Bermuda, Meyer

16

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

Give water a break tiftuf bermudagrass is the new drought-tolerance superstar.

The newest edition in the “Tif” (Tifton) series of bermudagrasses to originate from the renowned University of Georgia turfgrass breeding program, TifTuf promises to be a true game-changer in stellar yet environmentally friendly performance. Providing unbeatable drought tolerance, it uses 38% less water than Tifway 419, and it is significantly more drought resistant than all other bermudagrasses.

In addition to its incredible drought tolerance, TifTuf is more aggressive than Tifway and provides superior wear and traffic tolerance (even better than Celebration), excellent cold tolerance (equal to Latitude 36 at Kansas State University), fast spring green-up and excellent fall color retention. In the 2015 NTEP trials, TifTuf was the highest-ranked cultivar in North Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi, and across all 17 locations overall, it was the highest-ranked, commercially available cultivar.

TifTuf will not only pay for itself in water savings, but more importantly, it will create more-sustainable athletic fields for the future.

In fact, it will soon become the ultimate must-have grass for sports turf managers who want to take a break from water use.

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Member Spotlight Zoysia, Geo Zoysia, Blended Fescue, HGT Bluegrass and RTF Fescue.

Jason says he owes his success to watching his dad work hard to provide for their family, a trait he is passing on to his own teenage sons, Jacob and Preston.

Both boys are involved at TriTurf – from running equipment to learning how to

18

operate a business, they are learning the lay of the land from both of their parents.

Jason and his wife, Tina, have been running the business together since they married in 1991.

When we asked him what advice he has for folks just coming into the turfgrass industry, Jason says “Be prepared

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

for long hours and hard work. Turf equipment isn’t cheap, so be prepared to spend.

Treat customers and your employees the way you would want to be treated.”

It is obvious that his Golden Rule mentality has been successful for TriTurf.

They supply and install sod for a number of major customers, including the Tennessee Titans’ practice field (the Titans stadium uses a specialty sod that TriTurf doesn’t grow, but they do install the product), the Memphis Redbirds, the Jackson Generals, and sports fields at the University of Tennessee at Martin and Mississippi State University. Golf courses that feature TriTurf ’s product and services are Belle Meade in Nashville, Paris Landing and the Tennessean in Springville. These clients are among a long list of satisfied customers, both residential and commercial.

Life isn’t all work for Jason, though. He is a Scout Master for a group of 17 boys.

He spends a great deal of his free time leading that group in projects and activities that could ultimately lead them to Eagle Scout status. Several of his group recently volunteered a Saturday to build a wheelchair ramp. Jason saw a Facebook post from a family who needed the ramp, and he and his scout team jumped into action. It is this willingness to do work that needs to be done and awareness of what others need that has helped Jason and Tina to establish and grow a successful and thriving business with loyal, hardworking employees.

When we asked Jason why he takes time to serve as our TTA President, he emphasized the importance of community in the turfgrass industry. “The knowledge you get from your peers from going to the turf conference in January and UT Field days – you can’t get that out of a book.”

Jason says that he has learned a lot about business from his mentors, Bob McCurdy and Bobby Winstead. “They both strive to provide a quality product, yet also try to keep prices up where they need to be to provide quality and service, which is what we try to do with our company.”

The TTA thanks Jason for his willingness to share his experience and knowledge with the association as president. T

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Cover S t ory

Win ter Damage Lessons on Recover From

E

ven when best care and maintenance practices are observed, winterkill happens. A variety of factors contribute to winter injury, and this past winter, turfgrass managers across the state reported varying levels of winter damage.

While there are many types of winter injury, the end result is the same – turf must be rehabilitated or replaced, depending on the level of damage and the time required to bring the area back to its peak.

We spoke with golf course superintendents from three courses in Tennessee that experienced some degree of winterkill. Their responses and recovery efforts were varied, but each offers his own tips and suggestions for preventing and recovering from such damage.

Chris Sykes | Tellico Village | Loudon, TN Chris discussed all the contributing factors in turf that is most susceptible to winter injury – golfer and mechanical traffic, cold, lighting, poor microclimates, too much or too little moisture. He reports that his recovery plan, and any other golf course’s, is almost always contingent on expectations. Chris says that many Tellico Village members are from Northern states, and unlike some Southern-born counterparts, are ready to play as long as the temperature is above freezing. That means the course has to be ready, and the decision on whether to reseed or resod is based upon the expectation of members and course management.

Chris and his team made a full assessment of the damage in March, at green-up. That is when it is time to prioritize and analyze – find out what you can grow in and when. Then, by

20

mid-April, you know what is coming back and what is not. Chris and Tellico Village were completely recovered by June, and ready for events.

Notes from Tellico Village on Winter Injury Recovery • Approximately 3 acres of winterkill were identified following extreme cold temperatures this past winter • Upper Driving Range tee was sodded with Tiftuf Bermuda to strengthen sustainability of this heavily utilized amenity • Course areas were repaired with sod-plugs harvested from the 419 Nursery at the bottom of the driving range fairway, which saved close to $50K in potential material costs if we had resodded all these areas with outside stock • Cultural-mechanical means were used to encourage recovery of marginal areas to further save on material costs • Areas were routinely cultivated and fertilized to accelerate recovery • All areas were grown back in for major events hosted in June; Member-Member, Member-Guest, and Tennessee State 4-Ball

Ryan Blair | Holston Hills | Knoxville, TN While Holston Hills did not have a lot of large area winter kill, they normally have issues right around the putting surfaces. They do not typically have any problems on fairways, tees or roughs.

Holston Hills is a rather wide-open property with the majority of grass being 419 Bermuda. Shade is not a major consideration as there are only a few trees.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

Photos: Tellico Village Courtesy of Chris Sykes

Cover S t ory The area right around the putting surface has required sod the past few years in the spring, as there has occasionally been a dead ring right around some of the putting surfaces. They have looked at the issue with Primo applications on the greens that are hitting the Bermuda surrounds often as a possible factor in the death of the grass. They have also considered turn boards when mowing in the winter but found it to be a little impractical. Ryan says they are trying to minimize the amount of wear and tear on the grass right around the green as they walk mow greens and turn mowers and rollers on this dormant turf all season.

Ryan suspects that their number one issue is what is underneath the grass all winter. The greens were built in 1998 to USGA specifications, basically a total sand base. Over the years the Bermuda around the greens has slowly grown into the greens.

You would think that’s not a big deal, but 20 years later, the bermuda has moved in around six feet in places! Because of this, they have bermuda growing on top of a solid sand base.

“You would never know just looking at the greens if you were out here today, everything looks normal. I think what happens is as we move into the winter months, this sand cannot hold warmth like the native soils. Once we have a few months of cold temps, the bermuda growing on the sand dies, and we end up with a dead ring around the putting surface,” Ryan says.

For Holston Hills, it has become more labor and cost effective to budget and plan on replacing sod in these areas each year.

Again, there are only six or seven green sites that they normally have to do sod work on each spring. This year they tried TifTuf to see if the new grasses would be able to withstand the cold better.

“For us, the Membership is not that willing to let the grass grow and heal on its own. With our tournament schedule, we normally have to repair right away if we know an area is damaged and going to take longer to heal than the Membership is willing to wait.”

Chris Young | Gaylord Springs | Nashville, TN Chris shares that Gaylord Springs only experienced damage on four greens, but not total loss. He says the main reason for that damage was that they only used one set of covers on those areas, rather than two. “We did everything else right, and there was no damage anywhere else,” he says.

Of course, if there had been time, those spotty, thin areas could have been grown back in, but on this course, the expectation is that the course is in top condition and all areas are accessible.

Because of this, Chris says, it was necessary to sod those damaged areas. Because Gaylord Springs is a resort with a daily fee, the option to cover the turf is often a struggle to execute, but Chris says he believes in always covering if it saves money and turf.

And he definitely recommends that second set of covers. T

22

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018

Turf T alk

Uncovering the Truth About

Turf Covers

By Mike Goatley, Ph.D., Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences

A

lthough it likely was being done earlier in the 20th century, a review of the literature indicates that some of the first research on covering turfgrasses dates to the 1960s, and covers have been used extensively on both warm-season and cool-season turfgrasses for golf and sports turf management during that time, with their primary use being for protection in extreme winters.

The concept of regular cover installation and removal on bermudagrass putting greens became a reality in the mid to late

24

1980s, and the process continued to gain popularity with the advent of lightweight polypropylene covers and the expansion of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens. However, when selecting a cover, keep in mind that its value and use potential can be expanded if you also consider the cover’s effectiveness in extending active growth periods, enhancing establishment rates, managing/ controlling soil moisture, and traffic protection. Another consideration when using a cover is that when you manipulate the environment under the cover, throw the calendar out the window

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

as the grass, weeds, insects, diseases etc. are oblivious to the calendar date — they are responding to the environmental modifications provided by that cover, regardless of the day of the year.

Just about any source of cover will modify soil surface characteristics in some way when applied, but you need to consider what source of cover best meets YOUR particular needs, not what someone else is using on their site. For situations where regular installation and removal of covers will be employed, lightweight covers are typically the choice simply due to their ease in handling. For long-term covering for winter protection such as those used on sports fields, heavier materials that resist movement in the wind are often the covers of choice.

I have been doing cover research since the early 1990s and continue to evaluate new cover sources, their potential uses in golf and sports turf management, and how they might be best employed by turfgrass managers. The majority of research trials have focused on winter temperature responses of soil surface temperatures under covers. The following tables detail temperature responses when covers were left in place from early December thru the first week of March of the following year for the years of 2013–14 and 2014–15 in Blacksburg. The most important information regarding winter cover selection for the transition zone is found in the far-right hand column of each table — mean minimum extreme temperature — the coldest temperature

recorded for the replicated cover treatments during the covering period for these trials.

In 2013–14 that was -7.1°F and in 2014–15 that temperature was 1.9 for the uncovered treatments. Note that all covers increased the mean minimum extreme, but all temperatures under covers in 2013–14 were less than 9.3°F and less than 16°F in 2014–15; it was quite cold at the soil surface in both years, even with the covers in place.

The industry standard for ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green covers has been lightweight polypropylene for several years, (particularly the black polypropylene materials) and that is because of its handling ability and good low temperature protection characteristics. Black polypropylene provided the ‘warmest’ mean minimum temperature extreme in 2014–15 and the second warmest in 2013–14, but note that other cover sources were statistically comparable to Black in 2013–14 and it was only significantly warmer than Evergreen and Aluminet in 2014–15. The take home message is that most industry standards in covers (that would exclude Aluminet shade cloth in these trials) do a pretty good job in temperature moderation. But one last time — what exactly are you looking for in a cover? If it’s to encourage growth and development by way of warmer temperatures, look at the Evergreen blanket or the Gray nonwoven Geotextile. Each cover has a strength and a weakness.

Table 1: Temperature modifications at the canopy surface of covered and uncovered ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass in winter of 2013–14.

Table 2: Temperature modifications at the canopy surface of covered and uncovered ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass in winter of 2014–15.

Cover†

Mean daily maximum‡

Mean daily minimum

Mean maximum extreme

Mean minimum extreme

Cover†

Mean daily maximum‡

Mean daily minimum

61.0 ab

25.5 a

Mean minimum extreme

°F

°F Gray

Mean maximum extreme

89.4 ab

7.5 a

Gray

55.4 b

28.4 a

88.2 b

16.0 a

Evergreen

59.9 a

26.2 ab

101.3 a

8.8 bc

Evergreen

65.1 a

26.8 a

90.3 a

7.5 a

WhiteG

55.4 c

26.2 a

80.6 cd

6.8 a

WhiteG

52.7 b

28.0 a

83.5 b

13.1 ab

WhitePP

57.6 bc

26.4 a

83.3 bcd

5.7 a

WhitePP

56.5ab

27.3 a

90.9 b

14.2 ab

Black

59.0 bc

26.6 a

81.9 cd

8.8 a

Black

55.9 ab

28.0 a

88.9 b

16.3 a

Aluminet

49.1 d

27.0 a

68.5 e

3.0 a

Aluminet

55.9 ab

26.8 ab

89.0 b

7.7 bc

Orange

56.0 bc

26.6 a

77.9 d

9.3 a

Orange

56.0 ab

26.8 ab

89.8 b

13.3 ab

Uncovered

56.7 bc

23.2 b

85.1 abc

-7.1 b

Uncovered

52.5 b

24.6 b

85.5 b

1.9 c

† Black and WhitePP are woven polypropylene covers; Gray, WhiteG and

† Black and WhitePP are woven polypropylene covers; Gray, WhiteG and

‡ Means within the column followed by the same letter are not significantly

‡ Means within the column followed by the same letter are not significantly

Orange are all nonwoven geotextiles; Evergreen is interwoven translucent polyethylene; Aluminet is Aluminet® 60% shade cover, commercially available aluminized high-density polyethylene strips woven with plastic threads. different at p ≤ 0.05 according to Tukey/Kramer HSD (honestly Significant Difference) test.

Orange are all nonwoven geotextiles; Evergreen is interwoven translucent polyethylene; Aluminet is Aluminet® 60% shade cover, commercially available aluminized high-density polyethylene strips woven with plastic threads. different at p ≤ 0.05 according to Tukey/Kramer HSD (honestly Significant Difference) test.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION • Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association

25

Turf T alk If considering a cover for its ability to maintain or sustain growth during periods outside of optimal environmental conditions, then its ability to transmit photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is important. Our latest research effort confirmed what were anticipated to be huge differences in transmitting PAR to the turfgrass canopy. Darker and thicker covers (black polypropylene and orange and gray geotextiles) blocked ≥86% sunlight, the two white covers (polypropylene and geotextile materials, respectively) blocked approximately 65% sunlight, and the experimental Aluminet and industry standard Evergreen blankets blocked 33 to 38% radiant energy. Our research has shown that turfgrass growth and development is still possible with up to 65% reduction in PAR, but of course the more light passing through the cover, the greater the growth potential. If one plans on using a cover for long-term covering to extend or accelerate an off-season growing period, a more translucent cover is going to be an important consideration.

Table 3: Mean % reduction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) under various turf covers relative to an uncovered control.

Cover†

% Reduction in PAR ‡ §

Black

99.4 a

Orange

92.8 a

Gray

86.6 a

WhiteG

65.0 b

WhitePP

63.9 b

Aluminet

37.5 c

Evergreen

33.6 c

† Black and WhitePP are woven polypropylene covers; Gray, WhiteG and

Orange are all nonwoven geotextiles; Evergreen is interwoven translucent polyethylene; Aluminet is Aluminet® 60% shade cover, commercially available aluminized high-density polyethylene strips woven with plastic threads.

‡ PAR (μmol m-2 s-1) measurements made with Li-Cor photometer (Li-Cor Corp, Lincoln, NE) between 1200 and 1400 hrs in full sunlight on both April 20 and 21, 2016 in Blacksburg, VA.

the only significant treatment response was that the Evergreen blanket provided a greater increase in % soil VWC than did the Orange geotextile. On the 3% sloped native soil, there were more treatment response differences in that the lowest changes in soil moisture were observed for the heaviest weight geotextile materials (Gray and Orange). These covers essentially act much like a ‘sponge’ in absorbing water. For these trials, the rainfall events end up totaling approximately 0.5" over a couple of days, so we anticipate at higher, more intensive rainfall events that these covers would allow water to pass when they are saturated.

Table 4: Cover source effect on % difference in soil volumetric water content (SVWC) on flat (≤ 0.5% slope) native and constructed soils, and on a native soil with a consistent 3% slope prior to and after rain events.

Cover†

Native Soil ‡ §

Modified Soil¶

Native Soil, 3% slope††

Changes in % soil VWC prior to and after rain events Aluminet

19.4 a

4.7 ab

6.0 b

Evergreen

17.4 a

6.3 a

9.6 a

Control

16.8 a

4.6 ab

6.6 b

Black

16.3 a

4.6 ab

6.6 b

WhiteG

15.8 a

3.4 ab

8.4 ab

WhitePP

14.8 a

3.4 ab

8.4 ab

Gray

14.5 a

3.5 ab

2.6 c

Orange

13.6 a

2.3 b

2.3 c

† Black and WhitePP are woven polypropylene covers; Gray, WhiteG and

Orange are all nonwoven geotextiles; Evergreen is interwoven translucent polyethylene; Aluminet is Aluminet® 60% shade cover, commercially available aluminized high-density polyethylene strips woven with plastic threads. ‡ Means within the column followed by the same letter are not significantly

different at p ≤ 0.05 according to Tukey/Kramer HSD (honestly Significant Difference) test. § Groseclose silt loam (fine, kaolinitic, mesic typic Hapludult) with ≤ 0.5%

slope; these data were collected prior to and after a 2.3 cm rain event over April 30 through May 1, 2016.

¶ Modified soil comprised of 89.7% sand, 2% silt, 0.8% clay and 6.6% gravel; data

§ Means within the column followed by the same letter are not significantly

collected prior to and after a 1.7 cm rainfall event over May 10–11, 2016. †† Groseclose silt loam with an approximate 3% slope; data collected prior to and after a 1.8 cm rain event over May 21 through May 23, 2016.

Another research angle we considered was soil moisture penetration through the covers. We collected soil moisture data using a TDR probe prior to and after separate rainfall events over two three-day durations (approximately 0.5 inch of rain over that period each time) on a ‘flat’ native soil, a native soil on a consistent 3% slope, and a sand-based modified soil. There is a great deal of inherent variability in soil moisture in native soils, even under areas below approximately 100 sq. ft. cover treatments. There were no significant differences in changes in % soil Volumetric Water Content (VWC) on the native soil, and on the modified soil

We also determined dry and wet weights of the covers to understand how these materials would handle and/or remain in place based on moisture. We weighed three 1 sq. meter dry samples of each of the cover sources to determine standard dry weights and then took the samples to the field where we applied approximately 0.1" of irrigation over the surface of these covers. We determined their weights immediately after irrigation and at 1 and 5 hours after irrigation. There were large differences in dry weights with Orange being 2.5–3x greater than Aluminet and Evergreen. After irrigation, the geotextile covers had weight increases of 5.5 to 8x

different at p ≤ 0.05 according to Tukey/Kramer HSD (honestly Significant Difference) test.

26

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018 Email TTA at: info@ttaonline.org

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Turf T alk their dry weights, confirming their water absorption properties we suspected from the soil moisture trial. Significant differences in cover weights before and after irrigation continued through measurements at 1 hour post-irrigation, and by far the heaviest covers remained the geotextiles. By 5 hours post-irrigation, weights for all irrigated covers were comparable to their dry weights prior to the irrigation application.

In the winter of 2017–18 it was obvious that covers were not a guarantee for winter protection. When surveying turfgrass managers from across the region, almost everyone agrees that winter desiccation was also a likely contributor to last season’s winterkill.

In general, turfgrass grown on sand-based soils suffered more injury than that on native soils this past year and the factor believed to be most critical was enhanced soil moisture levels in the native soil in what was an overall very dry winter in the midAtlantic and upper South. University research and practical experience on golf and sports fields continues to refine the potential use of wetting agents to retain more moisture in the top few inches of the soil. Don’t put those TDR probes away for good for the winter season!

Another area that we continue to research is the value of an air gap underneath the cover in further moderating temperatures. Oncourse data from superintendents shows a lot of promise in this approach. We compared soil surface temperatures of single and double layers of black polypropylene covers with or without plastic practice soccer cones placed on 2 feet spacing versus an uncovered control during the winters of 2015–16 and 2016–17. We evaluated cover/cone treatment temperature responses when air temperatures were ≤25, 15, and 12°F, and as seen in the following table, the only factor that really resulted in significant temperature responses compared to the uncovered control was the addition of a second cover. The addition of cones under double covers did result in an average low temperature increase of 1.7°F at air temps of ≤15 or 12°F, but that is definitely not the level of additional insulating value we hoped to measure.

Table 5: Surface temperature moderation under Black Xton covers at various air temperature ranges below freezing as affected by single or double covering applied with or without soccer practice cones for creating air space from.

Covers applied in first week of December and remained in place through first week of March in Blacksburg, VA. Cover trt

28

≤ 12°F

≤ 15°F

≤ 25°F

Uncovered

11.2 d

12.9 d

20.6 d

Cover alone

18.3 bc

19.3 bc

24.6 bc

Single cover with cones

15.8 c

16.8 c

22.7 cd

Double cover

21.3 ab

22.4 ab

26.9 ab

Double cover + cones

23.1 a

24.1 a

27.8 a

LSD (0.05)

4.1

3.8

2.7

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018

In an effort to better understand the influence of the air gap on temperature moderation, we installed black polypropylene covers over standard 2x4 frames built to either elevate the cover at 1.75" or 3.5" off the ground versus a framed cover directly on the ground vs an uncovered control in the winter of 2017–18. When considering any temperature below 25°F, we again saw very little difference in average temperature between the covers with the stationary air gaps and the cover placed directly on the surface (only 1.1 or 1.3 degree increases in temperature between cover on the surface vs cover elevated at 1.75 or 3.5").

For these trials turf surface temperatures were recorded, not inherent soil temperatures. Would temperature responses change in the soil? Possibly, but we believe that soil surface temperatures are still a very conservative way to evaluate what is going on under a cover when it comes to temperature moderation. And when all is said and done, everyone that works with covers agrees that for the ultimate low temperature protection, a couple of inches of pine straw under a cover would be the ideal way to protect a warm-season turfgrass. However, there are no quick ways to install and remove the pine straw, so the most ‘user friendly’ method to date seems to be double covers.

Research continues in these areas and Virginia Tech is hoping to gather even more replicated research data at their Independence Golf Club research site. For those managing or considering ultradwarf bermudagrasses, be aware that Dr. Mike Richardson and MS graduate Eric DeBoer of the University of Arkansas have completed two years of ultradwarf bermudagrass cover research at Fayetteville, and their data show that 1) Mini-Verde and Tifeagle are generally more cold tolerant than Champion 2) Bermudagrass response to predicted covering timings were not significantly different between predicted night time temperatures of 25, 22, 18, and 15 degrees F, and 3) soil wetting agents might benefit bermudagrass protection to environmental extremes. By far the most interesting research result is that indicating that covers might not need to be applied until 15°F. I don’t know how many golf superintendents are comfortable with leaving covers off at those temperatures (the industry standard has long been 25°F), but it is good to know that 25°F is not an absolute must cover temperature.

Be sure to look for this report in the scientific literature.

In summary, there is no ‘best’ cover but there are lots of scientifically valid reasons to choose specific covers for particular situations. For lightweight covers for ultradwarf bermudagrass golf putting green use, black polypropylene remains an excellent choice. However, a lightweight cover might not be best for longterm covering of a sports field or a golf driving range etc. As stated previously, perhaps the most important criteria in choosing a cover is to be sure to get one that is easy to handle so that you are willing to use it when necessary.

The Turfgrass Team at the Univer sity of Tennessee Scott Boyle Communications Coordinator The University of Tennessee 2431 Center Drive 252 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-6730 sboyle1@utk.edu turf.utk.edu Twitter: @Scott_CPO JosĂŠ Javier Vargas AlmodĂłvar Research Associate II Turf & Ornamental Weed Science The University of Tennessee 2431 Joe Johnson Drive 252 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996 (865) 974-7379 jvargas@utk.edu tnturfgrassweeds.org Twitter: @UTweedwhisperer Greg Breeden Extension Specialist, The University of Tennessee 2431 Center Drive 252 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-7208 gbreeden@utk.edu tnturfgrassweeds.org Twitter: @gbreeden1

Jim Brosnan, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Turfgrass Weed Science The University of Tennessee 2431 Joe Johnson Drive 252 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-8603 jbrosnan@utk.edu tnturfgrassweeds.org Twitter: @UTturfweeds Frank Hale, Ph.D. Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee 5201 Marchant Drive Nashville, TN 37211-5201 (615) 832-6802 fahale@utk.edu ag.tennessee.edu/spp Brandon Horvath, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Turfgrass Science The University of Tennessee 252 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville, TN 37996 (865) 974-2975 bhorvath@utk.edu turf.utk.edu Twitter: @UTturfpath

Tom Samples, Ph.D. Professor, Turfgrass Extension The University of Tennessee 2431 Joe Johnson Drive 252 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-2595 tsamples@utk.edu turf.utk.edu Twitter: @tnturfman

William Dan Strunk, Ph.D. Research Associate I The University of Tennessee 2431 Joe Johnson Drive 363 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-2988 wstrunk@utk.edu turf.utk.edu Twitter: @WDanStrunk

John Sorochan, Ph.D. Professor, Turfgrass Science The University of Tennessee 2431 Joe Johnson Drive 363 Ellington Plant Sci. Bldg.

Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-7324 sorochan@utk.edu turf.utk.edu Twitter: @sorochan

Alan Windham, Ph.D. Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee 5201 Marchant Drive Nashville, TN 37211-5201 (615) 832-6802 https://ag.tennessee.edu/spp/ Twitter: @UTPlantDoc

John Stier, Ph.D. Associate Dean The University of Tennessee 2621 Morgan Circle 126 Morgan Hall Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (865) 974-7493 jstier1@utk.edu turf.utk.edu Twitter: @Drjohnstier

Calend ar of Events October 22

Equipment Managers Meeting Smyrna Event Center • Smyrna, TN

October 30

MTGCSA S&R Tournament Belle Meade Country Club • Nashville, TN

October 23

November 6

October 29

November 8

ETGCSA S&R Tournament Council Fire Country Club Chattanooga, TN MAGCSA Scott McNeer Golf Tournament Spring Creek Ranch • Memphis, TN

MTGCSA November Meeting Bluegrass Yacht & Country Club Hendersonville, TN Annual Skeet Shoot & Shrimp Boil Bubba’s Farm • Hernando, MS

January 7–9, 2019 TTA Annual Conference & Trade Show

Embassy Suites Murfreesboro, TN

Index of Advertisers A & W Southern Sod Farms............................................................... 19 www.awssod.com

Buy Sod, Inc........................................................................................ 17 www.buysod.com

BWI Companies, Inc............................................................................ 19 www.bwicompanies.com

Carolina Green Corp............................................................................ 30 www.cgcfields.com

Covermaster, Inc................................................................................. 23 www.covermaster.com

Greenville Turf & Tractor, Inc............................................................. 15 www.greenvilleturf.com

Digital

Marketplace

Harrell’s LLC.......................................................................................... 3 www.harrells.com

Kesmac................................................................................................ 13 www.kesmac.com

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McCurdy Sod Farms, LLC...................................................................... 9 www.mccurdysodfarms.com

Mid Tenn Turf............................................................................... 12, 30 www.midtennturf.com

Mid-Atlantic STIHL, Inc....................................................................... 11 www.stihldealers.com

North Georgia Turf Company, Inc....................................................... 29 www.ngturf.com

Progressive Turf Equipment Inc.......................................................... 23 www.progressiveturfequip.com

RD Murphy, LLC.................................................................................... 7 www.rdmurphy.com

Regal Chemical Company..........................................Inside Front Cover www.regalchem.com

Sigma Organics, Inc............................................................................ 27 www.SigmaTurf.com

Simplot Partners................................................................................... 5 www.simplotpartners.com

Smith Seed Services........................................................................... 27 www.smithseed.com

Southeast Turf Maintenance................................................................ 7 www.southeastturf.com

Sur-Line Turf, Inc................................................................................... 9 www.surlineturf.com

The Turfgrass Group............................................................. Back Cover www.theturfgrassgroup.com

Tri-Turf Sod Farms................................................................................ 7 www.triturfsod.com

Turf Mountain Sod, Inc....................................................................... 27 www.turfmountain.com

Turfgrass of Tennessee...................................................................... 10 Winstead Turf............................................................ Inside Back Cover www.winsteadturffarms.com

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TENNESSEE TURFGRASS August/September 2018

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