North Carolina Turfgrass - November / December 2021

November/December 2021

A Publication of the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina

TREES AND TURFS

PLUS, MID-SEASON FIELD CHECK-UP

Table of Contents November / December 2021

12 C O V ER

STO RY

T REES

AND TURFS

G U ES T C OLUMN

MOR E FE ATUR E S

10 Let’s Make Work Easier

From the President TCNC Deluxe Members

F EA T U RE AR TICLE

20 Mid-Season Field Check-up

6 8 NC State Turf Team 8 Welcome, New Members 9 NCCTP Program 28 Index of Advertisers 31 Calendar of Events 31

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N ov e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 1

From the President

North Carolina Turfgrass is the official publication of the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina 110 Horizon Drive Suite 210 Raleigh, NC 27615 919.459.2070 Fax 919.459.2075 www.ncturfgrass.org

T

The Green Industry Council along with our industry lobbyist, Dick Carlton, keep a close eye on any legislation moving through that could have an impact on our industry and livelihoods. This is one of the benefits your TCNC membership brings to our community.

California’s ban on gasoline engines up to 25 hp by 2024 should put every state on alert that offers lawn care services of any kind. This legislative move is going to be very harmful to the financial health of many LCO’s in that state. They are offering some subsidy money but, from what I have read, many say it will fall short.

The Turfgrass Council of North Carolina values the health of our environment and encourages manufacturers to find alternative ways to reduce harmful emissions wherever possible. However, this is a very expensive and potentially crippling change for many LCO’s and would have hoped for a better compromise for all.

Buying new electric mowers and blowers is not an inexpensive venture and requires extensive logistics for this new equipment. Electric lawn care tools have come a long way and appear to be improving. However, there are still hurtles to overcome to remain profitable when converting to all electric.

I am not going to go into the details of the legislative move since it is easy to find details online. However, this is a strong reminder as to why we need to stay informed and involved with decisions North Carolina government and local legislators are making that can affect the way our industry operates.

One way to do this is to continue supporting your professional associations. One of the benefits of being a member of TCNC is you also become a member of the Green Industry Council (GIC). GIC is the governing association legislative body for our industry. You can only be a member of GIC through a supporting association like TCNC. We thank each of you for your support in TCNC and look forward to bringing you quality benefits that help your business grow!

My best,

Kevin Herrmann

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Marcy Cottle IMI Association Executives info@ncturfgrass.org 919.459.2070 Published by: Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, TN 37064 615.790.3718 Fax 615.794.4524 info@leadingedgecommunications.com

TCNC OFFICERS PRESIDENT Kevin Herrmann Fairway Green Inc. Raleigh, NC

VICE PRESIDENT Wilson Sutton Falling Creek Golf Club Kinston, NC

PAST PRESIDENT

2021 TCNC President

Gene Queen Nature's Select Winston Salem, NC

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Jonathan Richardson, NCCTP NCCTP Chairman Green Resource Dunn, NC

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November/December 2021

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If you'd like to learn more about the Deluxe Membership, please contact the TCNC office at 919.459.2070 or info@ncturfgrass.org.

Thank You to Our DELUXE MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS The Biltmore Company Barefoot & Associates Inc.

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Emily Erickson Lecturer 919.513.2034 emily_erickson@ncsu.edu

Dr. Rob Richardson Associate Professor & Extension Specialist 919.515.5653 rob_richardson@ncsu.edu Dr. Thomas Rufty Jr. Professor 919.515.3660 tom_rufty@ncsu.edu

Matt Martin Extension Associate, Turfgrass 910.675.2314 matthew_martin@ncsu.edu

Dr. Wei Shi Professor 919.513.4641 wei_shi@ncsu.edu

Dr. Susana Milla-Lewis Associate Professor 919.515.3196 susana_milla-lewis@ncsu.edu

Dr. Fred Yelverton Professor & Extension Specialist 919.515.5639 fred_yelverton@ncsu.edu

Dr. Grady Miller Professor & Extension Specialist 919.515.5656 grady_miller@ncsu.edu

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Dr. Charles Peacock Professor 919.515.3667 charles_peacock@ncsu.edu

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Dr. Richard Cooper Professor 919.515.7600 rich_cooper@ncsu.edu

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ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY Dr. Terri Billeisen Extension Associate 919.515.7464 tlhoctor@ncsu.edu

Lee Butler Extension Coordinator 919.513.3878 elbutler@ncsu.edu

Dr. Rick Brandenburg Wm. Neal Reynolds Professor 919.515.8876 rick_brandenburg@ncsu.edu

Dr. James Kerns Associate Professor 919.513.4820 jpkerns@ncsu.edu

HORTICULTURE SCIENCE

Dr. Danesha Seth Carley Director, Southern IPM Center & Associate Professor 919.513.8189 danesha_carley@ncsu.edu

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New Members

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The Turfgrass Council of North Carolina (TCNC) serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, North Carolina Turfgrass, or its editors.

Neil Jones, Territory Manager – Virginia & Eastern NC njones@buysod.com • 910-975-0002 Mark Harris – Territory Manager – Western NC/SC mharris@buysod.com • 910-992-6519

Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or TCNC members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this bimonthly publication. Copyright © 2021 by the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina. North Carolina Turfgrass is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of TCNC. Presorted standard postage is paid at Jefferson City, MO. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: North Carolina Turfgrass allows reprinting of material published here. Permission requests should be directed to TCNC. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information.

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A P u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 9

Guest Column

Let’s Make

Work Easier

By Neal Glatt, CSP, ASM

W

ork can be so hard sometimes. I don’t have to tell you this as nearly every organization is short staffed and desperate for labor to help. But as hard as work can be, it’s got to be even tougher for new hires when impatient customers and nearly impossible deadlines overwhelm even experienced employees. Maybe that’s why they’re quitting so quickly. As managers, we need to make it easier for them.

In fact, before we talk about how to boost retention by creating a better new employee experience, let’s think about all the people who haven’t even applied to our job postings. In a world of job descriptions that are often too long, too boring, and too confusing, we need to rewrite descriptions that introduce our organization’s mission and inspire people to help the team. We need to talk about what’s in store for them beyond pay and benefits that every job offers and focus on the career development and purpose that is unique to each organization. And we need to post our story in a clear, concise, and inviting manner.

One of my colleagues also believes that most organizations make it far too difficult for prospective employees to apply for work. He strives to make it as easy to apply for a job as to order a pizza from Domino’s (if you don’t know you can order in at least 15 different ways: from a voice command on Alexa to posting a pizza emoji on social media). By streamlining applications to the essentials and allowing job seekers to text-to-apply, you can engage people faster and provide a more convenient application process. I like this idea so much that I don’t even have a job application anymore. And we all know most people under 30-years-old hate talking on the phone, so why do hiring managers continue to make job seekers uncomfortable with a phone call to start the process?

When we do manage to hire a candidate, the experience needs to be a smooth ramp up rather than a swift jump into the fray. I believe that leaders need to focus first on building a relationship with their people before they can lead a team toward real

production. Without a foundation of trust and opportunities to learn the positional and cultural expectations, success is impossible, and burnout is likely. But how long will it take to build these relationships and integrate someone new into a team?

After considering and testing the time requirement for many years, I believe it takes a full year to expect someone to be working successfully. This doesn’t mean they don’t complete tasks and add value in their first year of employment, but rather that managers need to be intentionally investing in their development at the base level of job performance for a full year to help them stay engaged. A large part of this effort is protecting first year employees from overbearing expectations.

When I propose my one-year theory to most managers, it isn’t met with enthusiasm and excitement. I empathize with their frustration and have worked hard to disprove this idea by onboarding people faster for years. Yet every time I accelerate the expectations it fails, and I find myself trying to rehire for a position (costing a fortune in recruiting, interviewing, and onboarding time and costs). So, I’ve given up attempts to fast track new employees.

The good news is that I have found incredible success in a patient approach of weekly coaching and development. In fact, people produce at basic tasks more reliably than ever and while it takes a year for them to reach their potential, I think that their potential grows immensely during that time. By committing my time and patience to my people, both production and retention skyrocket.

It’s time for managers to change their approach for success.

If you want help implementing a better application process or would like to discuss how to better coach your people through onboarding and beyond, I’d be happy to help. Just send me a note at Neal@GrowTheBench.com. When you change your approach, you’ll be amazed at how the outcomes change too.

Neal Glatt is the Managing Partner of GrowTheBench, an online training platform for the green industry. Learn more about him and his solutions at www.NealGlatt.com.

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A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 11

Cover Story

TREES

AND

TURFS

By Larry Tankersley, Extension Forester, University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries and Tom Samples, Ph.D., Turfgrass Science and Management, University of Tennessee Department of Plant Sciences

T

rees and turfgrasses share the same basic requirements in order to live. Both capture energy from sunlight in order to produce carbon-containing substances that are used immediately to support growth, or can be stored in reserve. Photosynthesis, the combination of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light results in the formation of glucose and other sugars. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is also the source of carbon in amino acids, proteins, starch and cell walls.

Trees and turfgrasses have vascular systems (xylem and phloem), and rely on water for oxygen and hydrogen, and to move essential nutrients absorbed from the soil to leaves, and sugars produced in the leaves to roots. Fourteen mineral nutrients are essential for their survival and reproduction. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are classified as macronutrients due to the quantity of each that is required.

Due to the very small amount (usually 100 ppm or less) of each found in plant tissue, the remaining eight essential minerals, chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and nickel, are referred to as micronutrients.

Local air temperatures, annual rainfall amounts, and soil texture and fertility levels often determine if a particular species or variety of turfgrass or tree will thrive in the landscape. Although trees and turfgrasses growing in close proximity to each other must share resources (Table 1), this does not necessarily mean that they cannot co-exist. Successful management strategies assure that the fundamental requirements of both trees and turfgrasses are being met every year, even though growing conditions for each may be less than ideal.

Light Intensity, Quality and Duration. The rate at which

photosynthesis takes place within a tree or turfgrass usually increases with increasing light intensity. Light intensity is described as the amount of energy, or ‘packets’ of light referred to as photons, hitting the surface of a leaf over some time period. Light stimulates stomates to open. As a result, high light intensities are usually associated with high water transpiration rates. Only an estimated one to two percent of the solar radiation a turfgrass is receiving is absorbed and converted to chemical energy. Most of this absorbed energy is reradiated at much longer wavelengths, resulting in the release of heat. Turfgrass leaves with a horizontal

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orientation are more efficient absorbers of solar radiation compared to those growing more upright. The surfaces of turfgrass leaves may also reflect solar radiation. Dull and dry leaves are usually less reflective than glossy or wet leaves. Turfgrass leaves may also transmit solar radiation that may be absorbed by other leaves.

In his book “Turfgrass Science and Culture” published in 1973, Michigan State University researcher and author, Dr. James Beard, reported that an estimated 20 to 25% of maintained turfs were receiving some level of shade from trees, shrubs or buildings.

The canopy height of bermudagrass plants growing under low light intensities (less than 70 percent full sunlight) often increases by more than 100 percent compared to that of plants receiving full sunlight. Leaf elongation is often about 35 percent higher when cool-season turfgrasses are growing on sites with limited light intensity compared to the same species in full sun.

TABLE 1. Fundamental Requirements of Trees and Turfgrasses.

S H A RE D RE S O U RCE S : Physical space, especially below ground Clean air, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, free of toxins, above and below ground Sunlight, both enough (duration and intensity) and of the appropriate wavelengths (quality) Water, the right amount delivered on time Seventeen essential nutrients – carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water, and 14 mineral nutrients supplied by the soil Minimum and maximum air and soil temperatures appropriate for growth and survival of both trees and turfgrasses

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Cover Story | continued

This is believed to be the result of shaded turfgrasses producing more of the plant growth hormone, gibberellic acid. The root-shoot ratio of turfgrasses tends to decrease as the level of shade increases, and less energy reaches the roots. The cuticle, the protective, waxy surface layer of a leaf, often thins as the level of shade increases. This may cause shaded turfgrasses to be more susceptible to injury from drought, freezing temperatures, diseases and insects.

Since air movement among plants is often restricted, turfgrasses managed in shade often take longer to dry after rain or irrigation.

In addition to the intensity of light, the overall health and performance of turfs under trees also depends on the quality of light they receive. Photosynthesis cannot occur without an appropriate amount of light of specific wavelengths. The quality of light reaching turfgrasses shaded by trees is often restricted.

That is, a portion of the photosynthetically active radiation, or PAR (visible light wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers), has been intercepted and filtered by the tree canopy before reaching the leaves of turfgrasses. As sunlight reaches a tree’s canopy, it is 1) absorbed by the leaves and used for photosynthesis, 2) reflected back into the atmosphere or 3) transmitted to plants (turfgrass) below. Transmitted light is less intense and certain wavelengths, especially visible light important for photosynthesis, are filtered by tree leaves. When the tree canopy provides solid

shading, turfgrasses receive only indirect light, totally depleted of many of the wavelengths that result in healthy growth. Absorption, reflection and transmittance of light as it passes through a cottonwood (Populus deltoids) tree leaf are presented in Figure 1. Notice that the dotted line or light transmitted below the tree crown, is very low. An alteration of the light spectrum directly affects turfgrass growth. Silicon photovoltaic sensors are used to estimate PAR, while other sensors predict the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of the PAR. The PPFD is the amount of photosynthetically active photons that are hitting the leaf surface per unit area per unit time. The PPFD is reported as micromoles of photons per square meter per second. These sensors are commonly used by growers to monitor and manage supplemental lighting in greenhouse plant production systems.

The intensity, photosynthetic activity and duration of light that a turf shaded by trees receives is influenced by its location in the landscape, and the size, form and species of trees. The level of shade in areas of a landscape receiving only four to six hours of direct daily sun is considered medium. Dense or ‘heavy’ shade is cast by trees with very dense canopies. Due to their ‘open’ form, pines (Pinus spp.) tend to allow more light to reach the turf surface than shade-tolerant, deciduous trees with ‘thick’ canopies, such as oaks (Quercus spp.), sycamores (Platanus spp.) and maples (Acer spp.).

FIGURE 1. Percentage of wavelength absorbed, reflected and transmitted through cottonwood leaves. (Adapted from Gates, David, “ Energy exchange between organism and environment,” in Biometeorology, (1968, Oregon State University Press).

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Cover Story | continued

The time of day that the turf receives direct sunlight also deserves consideration. The ideal time for a turfgrass to be in direct sunlight depends on the optimum temperatures for photosynthesis for the species being managed. More specifically, turf health and performance are dependent on the length of time that plants receive light within the PAR region at an air temperature at or near the optimum for photosynthesis. For example, during hot, dry periods in the summer, cool-season turfgrasses maintained with no irrigation and in areas of the landscape receiving moving shade, most often perform better when shaded in the afternoon, rather than in the morning.

The Turfgrasses. Shade tolerance varies among cool- and warm-season turfgrass species, and varieties within species. The relative shade tolerance of chewings, strong creeping red, hard and sheep fescues is high. Yet, the performance of these cool-season turfgrasses in shade is limited by a general lack of heat tolerance.

Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass rank low to medium in shade tolerance while tall fescue, the predominant cool-season turfgrass species in Tennessee, generally ranks medium in shade tolerance. Ranking of shade tolerance among warm-season turfgrasses is bermudagrass < centipedegrass and zoysiagrass < St. Augustinegrass. The adaptation of St. Augustinegrass in Tennessee is limited by a lack of cold tolerance. Although, as a species, bermudagrass ranks low in shade tolerance, the variety TifGrand® has demonstrated improved shade tolerance compared to several other sterile hybrid (Cynodon transvaalensis x Cynodon dactylon) varieties. Similarly, several newer, vegetative, clonal-type zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) including ‘Diamond’ (Z. matrella), ‘El Toro (Z. japonica x Z. matrella), ‘Geo’ (Z. japonica x Z. pacifica), ‘Palisades’ (Z. japonica x Z. matrella), ‘Royal’ (Z. japonica x Z. matrella), ‘Zeon’ (Z. japonica x Z. matrella) and ‘Zorro’ (Z. japonica x Z. matrella) have improved shade tolerance compared to ‘Meyer’.

Meyer, a variety of Zoysia japonica with good cold tolerance, was released in 1951, and is still being maintained in landscapes throughout the state.

The Shaded Turfgrass Microenvironment. Shading

impacts the turfgrass microenvironment in several ways. Daily and seasonal fluctuations in the air temperature of the microenvironment are often reduced.

In the top several inches of soil, trees and turfgrasses compete for water. The first plant species established is generally the most successful absorbing water from the soil since it is the first to occupy limited growing space. A large tree with a well-established root system can often absorb water much better than a recently installed sod. Likewise, established turf will compete very effectively with a recently transplanted tree for available water.

Tree roots are opportunistic and spread well beyond the width of the crown, wherever conditions favor growth and adequate oxygen is present in soils (Figure 2). This is generally in the top one foot of soils. Some tree roots will penetrate the soil to greater depths, depending on the soil texture and bulk density. The majority of tree roots are located in the top few inches of soil.

Many fine “absorbing” roots actually grow into mulch or thin turfs.

As with turfgrasses, tree roots are often denser on the north (shaded) side of the tree where shade discourages rapid soil drying.

Relative humidity and carbon dioxide levels within a shaded microenvironment are generally higher, and air flow within the turfgrass canopy is often restricted, compared to those in ‘open’ areas of the landscape. When the relative humidity remains high for extended periods of time, and air flow among plants is severely restricted, turfs are generally more susceptible to disease. Due, in part, to a lack of sugars and starches, shaded turfgrasses are often less durable, and may be very slow to recover from injury.

FIGURE 2. Tree roots spread well beyond the width of the crown. Note the common terms used when discussing tree root characteristics, and how the tree’s feeder roots comingle with those of the turfgrasses. Turf management practices and surface activities will affect the tree roots in this profile.

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Cover Story | continued

Improving Turfgrass Performance in Shade. An annual review of the landscape management plan followed by adjustments in both tree and turf care can result in better turf quality.

shade-tolerant turfgrasses. Instances where tree cover is multilayered, as in a forest, may preclude the use of any turfgrasses.

Managing The Trees. The quality and intensity of light

for turfs in shade include:

reaching turf below isolated trees may be improved with creative pruning (Figure 3). Generally, at least two-thirds of the tree’s total height should contain live branches. Regular pruning of the lower third, and removing drooping branches, is highly recommended to allow sunlight to the turf below. Crown thinning can also be helpful to reduce the crown density and leaf area of the tree allowing more sunlight to move further through the crown (Figure 4).

Another consideration is to plant trees that “naturally” allow more sunlight to pass through. For example, research indicates that maple and black walnut restrict far more radiation than honey locust (Table 2). Trees can also be selected based on shape to reduce the number of drooping branches that intercept light at lower angles. Without maintenance, most of our common trees restrict enough sunlight to stress all but the most

Managing The Turfgrasses. Management considerations 1. Select, establish and maintain shade-tolerant turfgrasses. Use only those turfgrass species and varieties adapted to the level of shade encountered.

2. Cutting height. Raise the cutting height within the optimum range when mowing. For fine fescues, this height is from 2 to 2½ inches or more. The increased leaf surface will provide greater potential for light absorption by turfgrasses and increased carbohydrate production.

3. Soil test. Timely fertilization and liming based on soil test results will help ensure appropriate soil fertility and pH levels, without creating overly succulent leaf tissue or causing an excessive rate of growth. Nitrogen should be applied judiciously,

TABLE 2. Radiation Transmitted By Selected Tree Species.

FIGURE 3. Pruning a tree can allow more light to reach the turf.

Crown raising, as shown, is relatively easily done. It is best to start pruning early in the life of the tree, with regular removals until the tree reaches the desired height to develop on its own.

FIGURE 4. Pruning, shown here, thins excessive branching within the tree crown allowing more sun to stream through the crown to turfgrasses below.

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T RE E S P E CI E S

GENUS

T RA NS MIT T ED RA DIA T IO N a

Hackberry

Celtis

Lowb

Black walnut

Juglans

Low

London plane/ Sycamore

Platanus

Low

Yellow poplar

Liriodendron

Low

Sugar maple

Acer

Low

White oak

Quercus

Medium

Northern red oak

Quercus

Medium

Shagbark hickory

Carya

Medium

Honey locust

Gleditsia

High

aR esearch supported ranking (McPherson, E.G. 1984. Planting design for solar control. In McPhearson, E.D. (ed.) Energy- conserving Site Design. American Society of Landscape Architects. Washington, D.C. b Low transmitted radiation = less light intensity; Medium transmitted radiation = intermediate light intensity; High transmitted radiation = more light intensity.

N ov e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 1

for example, at a rate no more than two-thirds the amount used to fertilize turf in full sun.

4. Irrigation. Regular, deep watering is very important for successful tree and turf management. Transpiration and evaporation from leaf surfaces of actively growing established trees and turfgrasses may reach 1½ inches or more of water a week. If irrigation is an option, shaded turfs should be watered infrequently and deeply (e.g. to a 6-inch soil depth). Recently transplanted trees or turfgrass will need supplemental water, at least until an adequate root system develops. For large, transplanted trees this may be necessary for several growing seasons.

5. Aerification and dethatching. Coring (core aerification) to a soil depth of 1½ to 2 inches, and dethatching shaded turfs on an as-needed basis during the growing season usually improves the movement of air, water and nutrients into soil without severely damaging tree roots.

6. Inter-seeding. Annual inter-seeding may be necessary to maintain turfgrass stand density in shade. Remove or recycle fallen tree leaves and pine needles as soon as possible to reduce the amount of time light is excluded from turfgrasses.

7. Fungicide(s). Fungicides can be applied as preventative or curative treatments. Powdery mildew and pink snow mold are often more common in shaded turfs.

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Use Tahoma 31 to design golf courses that are beautiful, sustainable, easier to maintain and play great.

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See Tahoma 31 in the Transition Zone for yourself at: Brook Hollow Golf Club, Dallas, TX (fairways, tees, roughs) Chillicothe Country Club, Ohio (fairways) Liberty National Golf Club, New Jersey (driving range tee)

COLD

PLAYABILITY

DROUGHT

Plant Tahoma 31 further north for a strong base in the winter that fights wilt in the sumner.

Thick, dense turf. ¼ to ½-inch mowing height for tees, fairways.

Use less water. Takes 18% less water than TifTuf.

COLOR

QUALITY

SHADE

Blue-green most of the year. Golden in dormancy. Earliest green-up for spring color.

Rated #1 for beauty and resilience.

Heals fast from divots & wear.

Got trees? Handles up to 63% shade.

Naval Academy Golf Club, Maryland (fairways, tees) Congressional Country Club, Maryland (8-acre driving range) Southern Hills Country Club, Oklahoma (collars)

CAROLINA TURF FARMS PO Box 850, Raeford, NC 28376 910-875-6141 ncsodman@carolinaturffarms.com carolinaturffarms.com

8. Plant growth regulators (PGRs).

Research has shown that some turfgrass species, especially those with marginal shade tolerance, may maintain better overall quality in shade when routinely treated with PGRs. 9. Limiting traffic. Minimize foot, turf maintenance equipment and vehicle traffic to reduce turfgrass wear injury and soil compaction.

Trees and turf can be managed successfully on the same site as long as managers understand the needs of both types of plants, and their interactions when growing together.

REFERENCES Anonymous (Fondriest Staff). 2010. What is Photosynthetically Active Radiation? Aug. 12.

Environmental Monitor. Fondriest Environmental, Inc. https://www.fondriest.com/news/ photosyntheticradiation.htm Beard, J.B. Turfgrass: Science and Culture.

1973. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632. 658 pp. ISBN 0- 13-933002- X

McCarty, L.B. Golf Turf Management. 1st Ed. July 9, 2018. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL 33487.

760 pp. ISBN-10: 1138476382. ISBN-13: 978-1138476387.

Turgeon, A.J. Turfgrass Species- Chapter 3 In Turfgrass Management. 5th Ed. 1998. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. SBN 10: 0136283489. ISBN 13: 9780136283485.

A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 19

Feature

FIELD CHECKUP MIDSEASON

By Tom Serensits and Andy McNitt

The

heart of the fall sports season is now upon us.

Although the stresses of summer heat have passed, the rigors of games and practices are not only hard on players and coaches, but the playing field too (Fig 1).

A few simple tips can help minimize the effects of field wear and tear whether you are managing natural or synthetic turf – or both.

SEED EARLY AND OFTEN

Fig. 1. Worn Turf due to Excessive Traffic

The importance of overseeding heavilyused fields and heavily-used areas within a field cannot be emphasized enough. Seeding is one of the most important in-season maintenance practices on heavily-used fields (Fig. 2).

You should not wait until the turf begins to thin. Seeding high-use areas before significant turf loss creates a “temporary seed bank” in the soil, which is ready to spring into action as the existing turf stand thins.

In almost all cases, perennial ryegrass provides the most in-season seeding success. Compared to other options such as Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue, perennial ryegrass offers several advantages.

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Fig. 2. Seeding High School Field

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31°28’36.5” N x 83°31’33.3” W

Marks the Spot

UGA Tifton, GA

Feature | continued

First is speed. Perennial ryegrass germinates in five to seven days and grows quickly after germinating. Germination and maturation time for both Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue is much slower.

Plus, perennial ryegrass will establish under slightly cooler temperatures compared to bluegrass or tall fescue.

Second, perennial ryegrass is less expensive (even though seed costs are up this year). You often will see blends of Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass, but for the best bang for your buck, stick with 100% perennial ryegrass. You don’t have time for Kentucky bluegrass to get established and it’s not very traffic

Fig. 3. Plots at Penn State demonstration Effect of Varying Rates of Early Season Ryegrass Overseeding after equal amounts of simulated traffic applied over a season.

Perennial Ryegrass Overseed Rate: 15lbs / 1000 ft2

Perennial Ryegrass Overseed Rate: 5lbs / 1000 ft2

Perennial Ryegrass Overseed Rate: 25lbs / 1000 ft2

TheTurfZone.com is the central hub for turfgrass research and information from multiple state turf associations.

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N ov e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 1

tolerant when it’s young and immature.

Plus it’s expensive in com- parison to ryegrass. Previous research at Penn State shows that ryegrass is more traffic tolerant than tall fescue until both have been established for 14 weeks.

That’s three and half months. You don’t have that kind of time, stick with ryegrass.

As for selecting the cultivar of perennial ryegrass to use, visit www.ntep. org and select the latest perennial ryegrass test date. The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program consists of turfgrass cultivar evaluations conducted at universities throughout the United States.

When looking at the perennial ryegrass data for several of the NTEP test sites closest to your location, don’t get hung up select- ing the cultivar at the top of the list. Pick the cheapest cultivar in the top two-thirds of the list. Quality is important, but so is quantity, and if you can pick a good cultivar that is inexpensive, you can buy more seed. Also, the textbook suggestion of always mixing a minimum of three cultivars can be ignored in the case of highly trafficked turf.

First, the breeders tell us that there is already significant genetic variation within perennial ryegrass cultivars.

Secondly, you are growing this grass almost like an annual. It gets worn out and replaced via additional seeding often. So the mantra is: cheap price for adequate quality and most importantly volume, volume, volume. Shoot for a minimum of 30 lbs per 1000 square feet per year. That seems like a lot, but we believe it should be set as your minimum for highly trafficked locations. Lower trafficked areas likely require much less (Fig 3.).

Timing — Dr. Dave Minner and Dr. Andrew Hoiberg (2013), authored several foundational research publications on this topic. Their conclusions were that seeding early in the season was more beneficial than seeding later.

Upon reflection, this makes sense.

Seed spread in mid-November doesn’t help the surface much during our fall season. Maybe it’s around to help next spring, but it’s not helping your field right now because it’s still in the bag.

A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 23

Feature | continued

We’ve discussed this with Minner et al. over some adult beverages on more than one occasion. The one thing their research didn’t account for was divots. If a divot is removed, chances are the seed in that spot is also displaced (Fig. 4.).

Fig. 4. Damage due to divots as opposed to abrasion

Fig. 5. Insulation Depth Gauge works well to measure infill depth.

We came to a bit of a compromise. Let’s consider the 30 pounds that the researchers found provided the highest return on investment (more seed continued to yield a better surface).

The bulk of that seed (20 pounds) should be applied to the typical high wear areas at the beginning of the fall season. In Pennsylvania that would be sometime between the third week in August and Labor Day. Now with the remaining 10 pounds, apply about two pounds per 1000 square feet after each varsity football game.

That will allow the JV or JH football team to cleat it in. Again, more seed is better and it’s not too late to seed right now.

Focus on the high wear areas – soccer and lacrosse goal mouths, between the hashes on a football field, etc. Low use areas may not require any seeding so spread your seed where it is needed most.

FERTILIZING For heavily-used fields, a target amount of nitrogen over the course of the growing season is 3–5 pounds per 1000 square feet.

Fertilization will help your field grow out of damage and recover along with providing nutrients to newly germinating plants.

The best bang for your buck comes from quick release forms of nitrogen such as urea. There are many fertilizers on the market, but fertilizer research trials continue to show that urea often outperforms other much more expensive formulations.

Its not too late to fertilize now but the window is closing. Fast release formulations are suggested this late in the season with a maximum application rate of one pound nitrogen per 1000 square feet.

Fig. 6. Distributing Small amounts of Infill

MOWING Of course with fertilization comes the need to mow. Due to limited resources, one of the most common mistakes that people make is not mowing often enough. During the times that grass is actively growing, mowing once per week simply doesn’t cut it.

In most cases, a high-profile football field should be mowed at least twice per week. Believe it or not, this will help the grass resist damage due to wear. Frequent mowing promotes a healthy, dense playing surface, and it avoids post-mowing clumps from being left behind.

Clumping can be reduced by mowing when the grass is dry.

Mowing when the grass is dry also results in a healthier turf plant that is better able to withstand the wear and tear of football.

Fig. 7. Working Infill into Surface

Fig. 8. Preparing to Topdress Additional Infill into High School Field

24 North Carolina Turf gr a ss

SYNTHETIC TURF While synthetic turf typically does not wear out in a single season or recover like natural turf, proper management practices are still required to maximize safety and playability.

The infill component of a synthetic turf field helps keep fibers upright, allows for cleat penetration and provides a cushioning effect. Over time, infill levels often drop as small amounts of infill are constantly leaving the field in athletes’ shoes, clothing, equipment bags and from other maintenance activities.

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POWER UP YOUR SOIL. Excessively low infill levels can result in accelerated fiber degradation (from both field use and UV light), fiber layover and increased surface hardness. Routine monitoring of infill levels is an integral part of managing a synthetic turf field. In fact, NFL field managers are required to measure infill depth before every game.

You can find out the target infill depth range from your turf manufacturer. If the infill level drops below that limit, additional infill should be added. That means you should have extra infill on site – crumb rubber in most cases.

Infill depth can be measured using devices specifically designed for measuring infill depth or a less expensive fire-proofing depth gauge (Fig. 5). These can be found from multiple vendors with a simple internet search and typically cost less than $20. Pay particular attention to heavy-use areas such as goal mouths if the field is shared by lacrosse and/or soccer teams.

Infill depth should be measured on a routine (monthly) basis to ensure infill levels have not fallen below your turf manufacturer’s specified infill depth range. Infill depth should be measured across the entire field (at least 20 locations), with the majority of testing taking place at locations of heavy use.

If infill is needed in these or other small areas, a few buckets of crumb rubber likely can do the job. Spread a thin layer of rubber onto the area, brush it into the fibers with a broom and repeat until the infill level is within the acceptable range (Fig. 6 & 7).

For bigger areas, larger pieces of equipment, such as a top-dresser, can be used to spread crumb rubber across the field (Fig. 8). No matter the size of the area, it is important to use the same size and type of rubber originally installed by the turf manufacturer.

Infill depth is highly correlated to surface hardness. In most cases, if infill depth is maintained at the manufacturer-specified depth, surface hardness levels will be within industry standards.

Along with managing infill depth, grooming helps keep turf fibers upright and infill evenly distributed across the field. Grooming refers to both brushing and the loosening of infill granules.

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A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 25

Feature | continued

Fig. 9. Grooming Synthetic Turf Field

www.stma.org

Football/Soccer Field Safety and Maintenance Checklist Prior to practice or a game, assess the following field characteristics and make the necessary corrections to the statements marked, ‘No/Needs Attention’ before allowing players on the field. If your field is experiencing major problems, including excessive wear, drainage issues, design flaws, etc., contact the STMA at ph.

800-323-3875, or STMAinfo@STMA.org for a referral to a local STMA chapter volunteer in your area for advice.

Fig. 10.

Football Field Safety Checklist Available from STMA.org.

Playing Surface – All Types

Playing Surface – Natural Grass

Yes

Yes

No/Needs Attn

o

o

o

o

No/Needs Attn

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

Maintenance equipment, such as rakes, hoes, etc.have been removed from the field.

Litter and unsafe debris have been removed from the field and player/ spectator areas.

Irrigation heads are installed as per manufacturer’s recommendations with no protrusions on the playing surface.

If there is an automatic system, the runtimes for the stations should be scheduled as per game times

The field was constructed according to recommended industry specifications.

Comments

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

Comments

There is at least 75 percent coverage of turfgrass on the field.

There are no bare spots with a hard soil surface exposed.

Soil is well drained with no standing water.

Turfgrass is uniform in color, height and density.

Turfgrass has strong root system, limiting “blow-outs.”

There are no weeds with thorns, bristles or burrs.

There are no holes or mounds made by moles, gophers, or other animals.

There are no ruts or trenches caused by equipment use or field wear.

There has been communication between the maintenance staff and coach/ facility user.

1

Your Resource for Safer Fields • Brought to you by the Sports Turf Managers Association and its charitable Foundation, The SAFE Foundation • ph. 1-800-323-3875 • www.stma.org

Football/Soccer Field Safety and Maintenance Checklist Playing Surface – Synthetic Turf

Goals and Goal Post

Yes

No/Needs Attn

Yes

No/Needs Attn

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

Comments

There are no worn areas on the synthetic material.

o

There are no rips or tears on the synthetic material.

Seams are secure.

The synthetic material is not buckling or bulging.

Synthetic fibers are standing upright.

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

Comments:

There is adequate infill material that is evenly spread.

Football/Soccer Field Safety and Maintenance Checklist Fencing

Bleachers/Facility

(If your field does not have fencing, skip this section)

Goal posts are straight and securely anchored.

Yes

No/Needs Attn

o

o

Concrete for goal posts is below the surface.

o

o

Goals posts are adequately padded.

There are not sharp edges, protrusions or fractures on the goal.

Goals are anchored securely.

All bolts, screws, and connections for the goal are intact and securely tightened.

Water is readily available for washing away undesirable fluids.

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

The footwear that is being worn by players is acceptable.

o

o o

Comments:

(If your field does not have bleachers/facility, skip this section)

Yes

Fences are securely set in the ground.

Fence posts are outside of the playing area.

There are no concrete footings exposed above ground.

Fencing is securely attached to its posts.

There are no large gaps in the fencing or between the ground and the fence.

Top and bottom tension wires are in place to secure the fence.

The wire ends of the fence are not exposed at the top or corners.

No/Needs Attn

o

o

If multi-use field, lines are distinguishable between sports.

o

o

o

o

Lines are correctly marked per the appropriate governing body.

o o

Comments:

Field Markings Yes

No/Needs Attn

o

o

o

o

o

o

Comments:

Lines are bright.

There is a minimum of 25 ft. around the field for players to run safely out-of-bounds.

There is a minimum of 50 ft. between fields (if multi-field complex).

All catch basins are adequately covered.

The transition area to the track is easily identifiable and level.

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

There are no damaged areas that protrude, are sharp or loose.

Out-of-Bounds/Transition Areas Yes

No/Needs Attn

o

Comments:

Guard rails are securely in place.

The plank or railing end caps are securely in place.

There are no splinters or worn areas (wooden bleachers).

There are no hazardous protrusions or sharp edges.

The supply and location of waste cans is adequate.

There is appropriate signage notifying players and spectators of rules, appropriate behavior and deficient conditions.

There are public telephones or a staffed office for emergency situations.

Areas under repair are identified and posted appropriately.

Lighting

No/Needs Attn

o

o

o

o

o

o

Routine field inspections are another way to ensure you are providing the safest possible conditions for field users. Documenting field conditions is not only a proactive approach to field safety, it also provides a record should you be asked to provide field information or justification for new equipment, supplies, and additional labor.

A field inspection checklist is a great way to be sure to not overlook any elements of your field inspection. It also provides a record that the field was inspected should an injury occur and the safety of the field be questioned. You can make your own checklist or use one that has already been created. The Sports Turf Managers Association has created a thorough field checklist (Fig. 10) that is available on their website – www.stma.org.

For synthetic turf fields, inspections should include items such as infill depth, degree of paint build-up, seam and inlay inspection, fiber condition, and field hardness. Natural turf field inspection items typically include amount of turf cover, amount of weeds present, surface evenness, and field hardness.

Regardless of field type, items such as padding on vertical surfaces close to the field, anchoring of goal posts and goals, and drains should be inspected and conditions documents.

o

o

REFERENCE

Lighting has been installed/inspected by a trained engineer or technician.

All lights are working.

General

The light’s beam adequately and uniformly covers the field.

The lighting foot candles meet industry recommended specifications.

Yes

No/Needs Attn

o

o

Comments:.

There is a flag or other signaling system to alert players to leave the field if inclement weather or other danger is imminent.

3

Your Resource for Safer Fields • Brought to you by the Sports Turf Managers Association and its charitable Foundation, The SAFE Foundation • ph. 1-800-323-3875 • www.stma.org

FIELD INSPECTION

(If your field does not have lighting, skip this section)

Yes

Comments:

2

Nuts and bolts are tight and in sufficient number.

Brushing the field with equipment specifically designed for synthetic turf should be done every three to four weeks during the season. The brush should be set to “tickle” the surface and not so that the entire weight of the unit is on the turf. The brush can be set to a slightly deeper depth when leveling infill on uneven areas (Fig 9).

Aerating also helps loosen infill. Grooming units consisting of vertical star-shaped, non-powered “slicers” that roll through the turf and infill should generally be used no more than two or three times per year.

It is important that you check with your field manufacturer for grooming information that is specific to your field.

Hoiberg, A. H., and D. D. Minner. 2013. Seedbanking potential of Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass in athletic fields.

Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 12:p. 641-648.

Your Resource for Safer Fields • Brought to you by the Sports Turf Managers Association and its charitable Foundation, The SAFE Foundation • ph. 1-800-323-3875 • www.stma.org

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www.cgcfields.com 26 North Carolina Turf gr a ss

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N ov e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 1

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A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 27

NCCTP Program

Fast Facts about the NCCTP Enrollment Requirements: old a current TCNC membership. If not currently a H member, go to www.ncturfgrass.org and click ‘JOIN NOW’ to join online or download an application.

Have a minimum of one full year of work experience in the turfgrass industry.

Agree to the Certified Turfgrass Professional Code of Ethics as detailed on the application form.

Submit: • A current and valid NC Pesticide Applicators license •A completed NCCTP application (current TCNC members may apply online).

• NCCTP Program Application: $150 • Self-Study Materials: $50 • Exam Fee: $50

Become a NC Certified Turfgrass Professional!

The

North Carolina Certified Turfgrass Professional (NCCTP) program is a comprehensive program developed to enhance the technical competency of turfgrass professionals, while elevating their professional image, that of your business and of the turfgrass management industry. Administered by the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina, the NCCTP designation confirms your expertise in turfgrass management to prospective customers and your peers.

Curriculum and Exam:

Reasons to Begin Earning Your NCCTP Designation Today The NCCTP program increases and enhances your turfgrass industry knowledge, career, and business development through a course of study of in-depth coverage of the science of turfgrass management.

The NCCTP designation offers immediate confidence and credibility of turfgrass management practices to customers and prospective employers.

Promote and market yourself as a North Carolina Certified Turfgrass Professional.

• Use the NCCTP logo on your business materials.

• Use NCCTP pins, uniform patches, and vehicle decals.

• Your TCNC Member Directory listing is distinguished with the NCCTP logo.

We Are Partnered With The NC State Turfgrass Professional Short Course The NC State Turfgrass Professional Short Course, a comprehensive turfgrass education program, is offered at select NC State Extension offices and at NC State University.

This Short Course offers a full curriculum of the science of turfgrass management as well as Continuing Education Credits for NCDACS Pesticide and NCLCLB Landscape Contractors’ license holders, and it will help you prepare for the NCCTP exam.

This Short Course is recommended but not required to take the NCCTP exam.

28 North Carolina Turf gr a ss

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Curriculum covers nine core areas: Turfgrass Characteristics; Establishing Turfgrass; Soils & Nutrient Management; Cultural Practices; Pests & Integrated Pest Management; Pesticides & Plant Growth Regulators; Landscape Safety & Pesticide Use; Calculations & Calibration; Turfgrass Business & Economics.

Candidates have six months from the date of their enrollment acceptance to complete the NCCTP exam.

Candidates have six hours to complete the exam and must score 80% or more on each section to receive the NCCTP designation.

Exams can be taken at the TCNC office in Raleigh during normal business hours, or arrangements can be made at your local NC State Extension location.

Exams will not be graded if any application information is missing or if TCNC membership status cannot be confirmed.

Please allow two to three weeks for exam grading and reports.

Upon successful completion of the exam, candidates will receive communication with their results and either next step options or their graduation packet.

Maintenance Requirements: Maintain a current TCNC membership as a means of demonstrating ongoing support for the industry.

Submit an annual $50 renewal fee, which supports the NCCTP program and related promotional activities.

Designation year is the same as the TCNC membership year, from July 1st to June 30th.

Hold a current NC Pesticide Applicator’s License.

Subscribe to, actively support and uphold the TCNC Certification Code of Ethics.

The NC Certified Turfgrass Professional designation (NCCTP), the NCCTP logo and related programs materials are the trademarked property of the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina and cannot be used without TCNC’s written permission.

For additional information, contact TCNC at (919) 459-2070.

N ov e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 1

NCCTP Certification Program

ENROLLMENT APPLICATION Name___________________________________________________________________ Phone_____________________________________________________ Address_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ City_____________________________________________________________________ State____________ Zip_____________________________________ E-Mail_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TCNC Membership #*____________________________________________________ Pesticide Applicator License #_______________________________

QUALIFICATIONS / REQUIREMENTS Please read the items below and check each one that is true for you.

MEMBERSHIP: I am now, or I am applying here to be, a member in good standing of the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina.

PESTICIDE LICENSE: I hold a current North Carolina Pesticide Ground Applicator License with subclass L, turf, and ornamental (or equivalent from another state).

EXPERIENCE: I have completed a minimum of one full year of turfgrass industry professional work experience.

EXAM: Upon acceptance into the program, I plan to complete my study and take the required exam within six months.

DUTY: I have initialed the following page of this application to show that I strongly support and willingly subscribe to the Certified Turfgrass Professional Code of Ethics, and I pledge to uphold the credibility and integrity of the program.

CONTINUING EDUCATION: I agree to successfully complete additional future curriculum materials or sections that may be required as a result of new technology or regulation.

Company________________________________________________________________ Title______________________________________________________ Supervisor_______________________________________________________________ Supervisor’s Phone_________________________________________ Supervisor’s E-Mail___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Company’s Address__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ City_____________________________________________________________________ State____________ Zip_____________________________________ Work Experience_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe your turfgrass industry professional work experience; one full year is required to apply.

NCCTP Application Fee: $150, Study Materials: $50, Exam Fee: $50, TCNC Dues (call for amount, based on date) TOTAL $____________________

Check Number__________________ (payable to TCNC) Credit Card:

AMEX

Visa

MC

Discover

Billing Zip Code____________________

Credit Card #____________________________________________________________ Exp. Date______________________ Sec Code____________ Name on Card___________________________________________________________ Signature______________________________________________ By signing this application, I verify that all the information is true and correct, I acknowledge and assume full responsibility for the charges on this application, and I agree to honor and abide by the terms of this non-refundable payment.

Signature__________________________________________________________________________________ Date____________________________________

A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 29

NCCTP Program | continued

CERTIFIED TURFGRASS PROFESSIONAL

CODE OF ETHICS Please read and initial each section below that you support and commit to uphold.

DUTY TO THE PUBLIC Conduct service first and foremost with regards to the safety, health, and welfare of the general public. Provide service, recommendations, and information based upon honest experience, and scientifically accurate and factual knowledge.

I AGREE

DUTY TO THE ENVIRONMENT Operate in such a manner to protect and preserve our environment. Use and monitor all equipment, products, and materials in a manner consistent with the label and safe for the environment.

I AGREE

DUTY TO THE LAWS OF OUR LAND Abide by all laws and regulations affecting the turf industry and support the enforcement of these laws.

I AGREE

DUTY TO OUR FELLOW PROFESSIONALS Refrain from the use of false, misleading, or deceptive marketing and advertising practices. Practice and insist upon sound business management practices. Maintain the highest standard of personal conduct to reflect credit and add stature to the turf industry. Recognize the importance of strong relationships within the industry.

Abstain from untruthful debasement, or encroachment upon, the professional reputation or practice of another turfgrass professional.

I AGREE

DUTY TO THE ASSOCIATION Participate in association activities and events to help further the profession.

Abstain from any unfair exploitation of my association, industry, or profession.

I AGREE

By signing this Code of Ethics, I agree to follow the duties and intentions outlined above, and I commit to supporting and upholding these ethics with consistency and integrity.

Printed Name________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature__________________________________________________________________________________ Date____________________________________ Please Return Entire NCCTP Application To TCNC Via: email: info@ncturfgrass.org fax: (919) 459-2075 or mail: TCNC, 110 Horizon Dr. Ste 210, Raleigh, NC 27615 30 North Carolina Turf gr a ss

w w w . nc t urfgra s s . or g

N ov e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 1

Index of Advertisers Amick's Superstore............................................. 15 www.amickssuperstore.com Beam Clay........................................................... 23 www.BEAMCLAY.com Buy Sod, Inc.......................................................... 9 www.buysod.com Carolina Green Corp........................................... 26 www.cgcfields.com

C A L E N D A R O F E VE NTS JANUARY 10 – 14, 2022 Green & Growin’ 22 Greensboro, NC

JANUARY 17 – 20, 2022 STMA Conference and Trade Show Savannah, GA • www.stma.org

Carolina Turf Farms, Inc..................................... 19 carolinaturffarms.com Civitas / Holly Frontier.......................................... 3 www.civitasturf.com/default.asp

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 2022 TCNC Annual Meeting and Knowledge Series Virtual Platform

Divots, Inc........................................................... 26 www.divotssand.com Green Resource....................................Back Cover www.green-resource.com Greene County Fertilizer Co.............................. 25 www.greenecountyfert.com Kesmac................................................................ 17 www.brouwerkesmac.com Leading Edge Communications.......................... 11 www.LeadingEdgeCommunications.com

FEBRUARY 9 – 10, 2022 GCSAA Conference San Diego, CA • www.gcsaa.org

FEBRUARY 14 – 17, 2022 Turfgrass Producers International Education Conference San Diego, CA

Mid-Atlantic STIHL................................................ 5 www.stihldealers.com Morgan Sand Company...................................... 31 morgansandco.com Progressive Turf Equipment Inc......................... 27 www.progressiveturfequip.com Quality Turf, Inc.................................................. 23 www.qualityturfnc.com Sod Solutions............................ Inside Front Cover www.sodsolutions.com Southern Agricultural Insecticides, Inc................. 7 www.southernag.com Southern Seeds, Inc............................................ 23 www.southernseedsinc.com Southern Specialty Equipment........................... 25 www.ssequip.net Super-Sod............................................................ 13 www.supersod.com Triangle Turf and Ornamental............................ 27 www.cardinalturf.com Turf Mountain Sod, Inc....................................... 25 www.turfmountain.com The Turf Zone..................................................... 22 www.theturfzone.com The Turfgrass Group........................................... 21 www.theturfgrassgroup.com Vandemark Farms............................................... 11 www.vandemarkfarms.com

A Pu b l i c a t i o n o f t h e T u r f g r a s s C o u n c i l o f No rth C aro l i n a 31

EARLY ORDER PROGRAM AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR I MAXIMIZED SAVINGS IN OCTOBER I EXTENDED PAYMENT TERMS

LOCATIONS TRIAD

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 5204 HIGHGREEN COURT COLFAX, NC 27235 (336) 855-6363

CHARLOTTE

10404 GRANITE STREET, STE K CHARLOTTE, NC 28273 (704) 927-3100

COASTAL

2407 OCEAN HWY, WEST SHALLOTTE, NC 28459 (910) 363-1230

TRIANGLE

1218 MANGEMENT WAY GARNER, NC 27529 (919) 779-4727

WINSTON

191 BUDD BLVD WINSTON SALEM, NC 27103 (336) 793-9230

CHARLESTON

9492 HAMBURG ROAD CHARLESTON, SC 29456 (854) 999-4039

FERTILIZER CHEMICALS TURFGRASS AND NATIVE SEED EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

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