Mississippi Turfgrass - Winter 2017

WINTER 2017

The Mississippi Turfgrass Association Magazine

NATIVE AREAS FOR SOUTHEASTERN GOLF COURSE ROUGHS Plus, Highlights from the MSU Turfgrass Research Field Day and the 2016 Deep South Turf Expo

WINTER 2017

CONTENTS • The Mississippi Turfgrass Association Magazine FEATURES

9 Upcoming Event — Hospitality Night at GCSAA Conference, February 8, 2017

10 Golf Course Notes — Native Areas for Southeastern Golf Course Roughs

15 Recent Events — MSU Turfgrass Research Field Day and Deep South Turf Expo

DEPARTMENTS

6 From the MTA President 8 News from MTA 18 Calendar of Events 18 Index of Advertisers

Mississippi Turfgrass is the Mississippi Turfgrass Association magazine. Subscriptions are complimentary to MTA members. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, its board of directors, Mississippi Turfgrass, or its editors.

Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or their identification as MTA members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in any issue of Mississippi Turfgrass. Copyright ©2017 by the Mississippi Turfgrass Association.

Mississippi Turfgrass is published quarterly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of MTA. Presorted standard postage is paid at Nashville, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: MTA allows reprinting of material published here.

Permission requests should be directed to MTA. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 790-3718, Fax (615) 794-4524.

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FROM THE MTA PRESIDENT

A ROUND OF Erick Coomer

APPLAUSE

Mississippi Turfgrass Association Box 9555 MS State, MS 39762 Office: (662) 325-0517 Fax: (662) 325-2705 www.msturfassociation.org Published by: Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, TN 37064 Office: (615) 790-3718 Fax: (615) 794-4524 info@leadingedgecommunications.com MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS EDITOR James D. McCurdy, Ph.D.

MTA OFFICERS efore I begin, I’d like to thank our outgoing president, Paul Welborn, for a job well done. Paul’s wisdom and professionalism were remarkable during his term, and he will continue to be an asset to MTA while he serves on the board as past president. I hope to continue to achieve goals set by him as your new president. Feel free to contact me anytime you have questions or concerns regarding our organization.

Thanks to all who attended the Deep South Turf Expo in October. We had more than 700 attendees, and most of them had positive comments regarding this year’s format. We increased the tradeshow traffic and vendor satisfaction, which were topics of concern the year prior. All of the extracurricular events were a hit, especially the reception at the Biloxi Shucker’s MGM Park. Most importantly, the speakers and education were outstanding. We had more than 30 hours of educational programming, nearly 8 hours more than last year.

The board appointed Glenn Lucas to replace Ken Edwards as MTA’s representative on the Deep South Turf Expo committee. A special thanks to Ken for doing a terrific job while serving on this committee.

A few dates for upcoming events: the Alumni Hospitality Night at the Golf Industry Show in Orlando on February 8, the Turfgrass Research Field Day in Starkville on August 22 and next year’s Deep South Turf Expo in Biloxi, November 7–9.

Winter is upon us, but for most of us, the work has just begun. Projects that have been planned throughout the year are now high on the priority list, like why that satellite box on hole 14 kept acting crazy all summer. Let’s get things done!

PRESIDENT Erick Coomer The Bridges Golf Course (228) 860-5292

Erick Coomer

Jay Coalter Castlewoods Country Club (601) 317-1641

B

2017 MTA President

VICE PRESIDENT David Leon Turf & Aquatic Specialties, LLC (601) 529-2458 SECRETARY/TREASURER Wayne Philley Mississippi State University (662) 325-2728 PAST PRESIDENT Paul Welborn Lawn and Pest Solutions (662) 316-1347 ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY Linda Wells Mississippi State University Box 9555 MS State, MS 39762 Office: (662) 325-0517 Cell: (662) 769-7558 lmw218@pss.msstate.edu

DIRECTORS

Dan Crumpton Oasis Sod Farms (662) 621-2040 Keair Edwards City of Gulfport (228) 861-5641 Al Osteen (601) 214-9907 Jeremy Tate Tate’s Turf LLC (662) 209-0023 Reuben Wedgeworth Agri-AFC Purvis, MS (601) 498-0750 6 • MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS • WINTER 2017

NEWS FROM MTA

Meet YOURfor NEW 2017 LEADERS

On October 11, during the MTA Annual Business Meeting at the Deep South Turf Expo in Biloxi, MS, the following officers and directors were elected to lead the association in 2017.

PRESIDENT Erick Coomer The Bridges Golf Course 711 Hollywood Blvd.

Bay St. Louis, MS 39520 (228) 860-5292 Erick.coomer@pngaming.com VICE PRESIDENT David Leon Turf & Aquatic Specialties, LLC P.O. Box 1797 Ridgeland, MS 39158 (601) 529-2458 turfaquatic@yahoo.com SECRETARY/TREASURER Wayne Philley Mississippi State University Box 9555 MS State, MS 39762 (662) 325-2728 (office) (662) 312-5701 (cell) wphilley@pss.msstate.edu PAST PRESIDENT Paul Welborn Lawn and Pest Solutions P. O. Box 1146 New Albany, MS 39565 (662) 316-1347 paul@lawnandpest.net

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ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY Linda Wells Mississippi State University Box 9555 MS State, MS 39762 (662) 325-0517 (office) (662) 769-7558 (cell) lmw218@pss.msstate.edu

DIRECTORS Jay Coalter Castlewoods Country Club 1003 Cumberland Drive Brandon, MS 39047 (601) 317-1641 jtkmcoalter@bellsouth.net Dan Crumpton Oasis Sod Farms P.O. Box 2020 Clarksdale, MS 38614 (662) 621-2040 dancrumpton@gmail.com Keair Edwards City of Gulfport 114 Reservation Drive Gulfport, MS 39503 (228) 861-5641 kedwards@gulfport-ms.gov

Al Osteen 104 East Hill Drive Madison, MS 39110 (601) 214-9907 osteenal@gmail.com Jeremy Tate Tate’s Turf LLC 6477 Morgan Town Rd Sturgis, MS 39769 (662) 209-0023 tatesturfllc@hotmail.com Reuben Wedgeworth Agri-AFC 203 Wisteria Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39401 (601) 498-0750 reubew@agri-afc.com

EX-OFFICIO EDUCATIONAL ADVISOR Jay McCurdy, Ph.D. Assistant Professor & MSU Turf Extension Specialist MSU Box 9555 Mississippi State, MS 39762 (662) 325-2331 jmccurdy@pss.msstate.edu

UPCOMING EVENT

“Hospitality Night ”

GCSAA Conference & GIS

Wednesday, February 8, 2017 • 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.

Miller’s Ale House • 8963 International Drive • Orlando, FL Located near the Orange County Convention Center

Catch up with all your peers and classmates!

Hosted By MSU ALUMNI • LMGCSA • AGCSA • GCGCSA Appetizers & Cash Bar • RSVP by January 27, 2017 Name: ________________________________________________________________ Company: ______________________________________________________________ Address:_______________________________________________________________ City: ________________________________State: _______ Zip: _________________ Individual: ..................................................................................................................................... $25 Couple: .......................................................................................................................................... $45 Total Enclosed: ................................................................................................. $ ______________

Payment Method (Pre-Payment is Suggested): Check* Visa *Make check payable to MTA

MasterCard

American Express

Card # ________________________________________________________________ Expiration Date: _________________________________________________________ Signature: _____________________________________________________________

QUESTIONS? Call Linda Wells — (662) 769-7558 or lmw218@pss.msstate.edu Send Registration Form to: Linda Wells • MTA • Box 9555 • Mississippi State, MS 39762 THE MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE • 9

GOLF COURSE NOTES

NATIVE AREAS FOR SOUTHEASTERN GOLF COURSE ROUGHS

By Jay McCurdy, Ph.D., Assistant Professor; Brian Baldwin, Ph.D., Professor; and Michael Richard, Extension Associate; Mississippi State University

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olf’s modern focus on environmental and economic sustainability has led to increased interest in native systems. Within Mississippi and the larger southeastern region, it is important to think about native areas in three overlapping “structures.”

1. The native grass rough: with its wispy grasses and forbs, this area is maintained yearly by mowing and may still be correctly called rough.

2. Woodland margins: this slightly more diverse and less playable area could be either in or out of play, depending upon time of year and ground cover. In this structure, a player has a low likelihood of cleanly striking a ball with a club.

3. Native woodland: the most native, whether mixed savannah or dense hardwood, this area excludes play almost entirely.

Native areas can be composed of any of the described structures. Depending upon course design and characteristics, native systems may reduce inputs, such as fertilizers and fuel. Native areas also increase “ecosystem services,” whether by providing rich and biodiverse habitats for wildlife and native flora or by providing nutrient- and sedimentretention zones that protect wetlands.

When installing native areas, a golf course architect’s guidance is recommended but is by no means necessary.

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Truthfully, in some instances, we have seen golf course architects lose sight of what is meant by native and what is actually possible agronomically. Some of the folks most familiar with the ideas and concepts are superintendents.

Two or three plant types dominate “in-play” native structures. Grasses typically predominate, but broadleaf forbs, as well as sedges and rushes, are also an integral part of a healthy ecosystem. The priority of this article is to discuss native-grass roughs. In the future, we will discuss the inclusion of forbs (broadleaf plants) for pollinator habitat.

Tall grass roughs Many American golfers and superintendents are familiar with the look of fine fescue roughs on links-style courses, such as Chamber’s Bay or Oakmont.

Unfortunately, fescues often fail to persist in the mid to coastal Southeast and are rarely “low maintenance.”

Furthermore, fescues are not native.

Regardless, tall grass roughs make sense for southeastern golf courses.

After several seasons, most native grasses achieve a dense stand that suppresses annual weeds, such as crabgrass and goosegrass. They respond favorably to periodic mowing and prescribed burning and are beautiful additions to existing courses.

Despite the availability of many suitable native grasses, superintendents are not familiar with their characteristics and use patterns. Too often, they rely solely upon switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), which is readily available and often discussed. Unfortunately, switchgrass is less playable than many other native grasses, and it overwhelms native areas with its growth. In native prairies, switchgrass is found in association with numerous other important native grasses, including big and little bluestem, and indiangrass, as well as common forbs. These native grass “swards” are complex ecosystems that should be planted as polycultures, rather than as single monoculture grass stands.

PHOTO

1 Native plants to consider for certain scenarios

• Bottlebrush grass (Hystrics species) — a woodland-edge species that does well under deciduous trees.

Winter green cover

Shade

Several native grasses used to achieve a natural, albeit less playable rough, include those that are less dense than tall fescue but more or less mimic its height and texture. For example, all of the Elymus species mentioned herein would fit that description. These would be planted in conjunction with other warm-season grasses that follow: • Southeastern wildrye (Elymus glabriflorus) — needs full sun.

• Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus) — does well in partial shade.

• Riverbank wildrye (Elymus riparius) — does well along creeks and rivers.

• Beaked Panicum (Panicum anceps) — prefers moist areas but sandy soils.

Grows best in ~30% shade. Should be planted in fall.

• Toothache grass (Ctenium aromaticum) — understory for pines, especially longleaf pine.

• Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) — good in both sun and shade. Likes sandier soils, but not a necessity. Can reach 8' to 10' in height.

• Longspike tridens/greasegrass (Tridens strictus) — moderately tolerant of burning. Reasonable forage.

• Cedar sedge (Carex planostachys) —

Mixed native-grass rough at the Preserve Golf Course in Vancleave, MS. Contains Spartina spp., bushy bluestem, wiregrass and broomsedge.

tolerates deep shade. Grows under cedars and deciduous trees.

• Upland switchgrass (Panicum virginicum) — the shorter and less robust of the switchgrass types.

• Oatgrasses (Chasmanthium latifolium, C. sessilforum, C. laxum) — all excellent candidates for understory. Indian woodoat (C. latifolium) is widespread in the market.

Wet or poorly drained soils • Lowland switchgrass (Panicum virginicum) — the more robust of the two switchgrass types. Tolerates standing water.

• Spartina [AKA cordgrasses; especially prairie cordgrass] (S. pectinata) — some southern types are known but not widely propagated.

THE MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE • 11

GOLF COURSE NOTES • Continued

PHOTO

2

• Palmetto palm (Sabal palmetto) — there are shorter-stature examples available for use near streams and low-lying areas.

• Hardy sugarcane (AKA Silver plume grass; either Saccharum alopecuroidum or S. giganteum) — very tolerant of wet areas.

This mixed native area contains both grasses and forbs at the Preserve Golf Course in Vancleave, MS. Grasses include big and little bluestem, broomsedge, toothache grass and wiregrass.

• Virginia, siverbank or southeastern wildrye (Elymus species)

virginicum) — the more robust of the two switchgrass types.

• Upland switchgrass (Panicum virginicum) — the shorter and less robust of the switchgrass types.

• Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) — very slow to establish. May require transplanting seedlings and allowing to establish over time.

• Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) — good in both sun and shade. Likes sandier soils but not a necessity. Can reach 8' to 10' in height.

• Purple Top (Tridens flavus) — tolerant of rocky soils as well as fertile areas.

Sun

General use

• Purple muhlygrass (Muhlenbergia capillaris) — also called southern sweetgrass.

• Lowland switchgrass (Panicum

• Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) — prefers pH 7 or higher.

Will tolerate flooding but needs welldrained soil.

• Bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus) — has large fluffy inflorescence and is common in most open fields of the Southeast.

• Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) — prefers acidic soils. Establish early in the spring. May take three or more years to fully cover.

• Wiregrass (Aristada species) — there are many species native to the Southeast. Fire adapted. Tolerates moderate shade.

• Prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) — not very common in the South, but planted along interstates in AL and GA. A bunchforming grass.

Keys for establishment Vegetation control prior to tillage is critical. Multiple applications of nonselective herbicides, sometimes a full year in advance, is necessary to control weeds like torpedograss, cogongrass and bermudagrass prior to seeding.

Fall or “dormant” seeding imitates natural re-seeding. Seed to soil contact occurs through natural moisture and frost action, which also leads to natural 12 • MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS • WINTER 2017

Continued

stratification of seed. When fall seeding warm-season species, germination doesn’t occur until spring. On the other hand, when spring seeding cool-season species, germination occurs soon after seeding. Warm-season species germinate within around three weeks after spring seeding, but they can also be planted in the fall. Spring seeding requires incorporation of the seed into the soil, since frost heaving and winter rains are no longer ensuring seed to soil contact.

Spring seeding requires irrigation in drier months.

The best way to plant native seed is by using a “native seed drill,” a type of drill with multiple seed boxes. Use at least one for fluffy grass seed and others for larger seed. A native seed drill can be used to plant native grasses as well as forbs without the need for tillage.

The ideal seeding depth is 1/4" and no more than 1/2" of an inch. Drop seeders and broadcast seeders may also be used but require more aggressive tillage and soil preparation prior to seeding.

After seeding, it may be necessary to use a roller-harrow or roller to ensure proper seed-to-soil contact. Hydroseeding is also an option on slopes and surfaces that cannot be aggressively tilled or worked. When using methods other than a native seed drill, it may be necessary to increase seeding rates by 25% to 50% in order to compensate for seed loss.

Imazapic (Plateau) is safe on many established warm-season native grasses but will suppress or control cool-season natives. Sulfosulfuron (Outrider) is also safe on a broad range of established native grasses, including: big, little and bushy bluestem; blue and side

•

GOLF COURSE NOTES

oats grama; buffalograss; indiangrass; lovegrass; and switchgrass.

Broadleaf weed control is fairly straightforward, with most pyridine herbicides being safe for use, including clopyralid and triclopyr. Non-selective herbicides, like Roundup (glyphosate),

Mowing and burning Native warm-season grasses naturally disseminate their seeds during the fall and winter of the year. Mowing should therefore occur to coincide with this process, during the winter or early spring, if necessary.

Cool-season grasses disseminate their seeds during the summer. Ideally, this would be the time to mow; however, this may preference cool-season species.

The recommended mowing height for most natives is no less than 8".

Weed control For grassy weed control within native-grass areas, options are limited.

THE MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE • 13

GOLF COURSE NOTES • Continued

PHOTO

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An example of rough that is soon to be converted to native grasses and forbs at the Reunion Golf and Country Club in Madison, MS.

to out-of-play scenarios. In fact, once established, preemergence herbicides, such as prodiamine (Barricade) and pendimethalin (Pendulum), are safe to use but could potentially decrease natural propagation of native grass seed.

Summary

can be used only as spot treatments but, in some instances, can be used on dormant warm-season grasses.

Ongoing research at Mississippi State University seeks chemical control options within native warm-season

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grass roughs. We are currently evaluating several preemergence herbicide options for safety in tall grass roughs; many of these herbicides are already commonly used on golf course fairways and should be easily adaptable

We hope this article sparks interest in native landscapes and reinforces the benefits that managed ecosystems, such as golf courses, can have. If you are considering including native-grass roughs, there are numerous resources online. For larger projects, we suggest contacting reputable seed companies that support their products. Start by searching the internet or speaking with the authors. ❖

RECENT EVENT

MSU TURFGRASS RESEARCH FIELD DAY, AUGUST 23, 2016 Rodney Foil Plant Science Research Center • Starkville, MS

By Jay McCurdy, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Professor and Weed Scientist, Mississippi State University

T

hanks so much to those who sponsored or attended our 2016 Turfgrass Research Field Day. Our expo was made possible by more than 28 vendors and sponsors. The field tours and presentations were superb, with almost 230 in attendance. Special thanks to Mrs. Linda Wells and Mrs. Kathy Johnson, who both helped arrange things like the event shirts, lunch and registration. Thank you also to Jason Ruffin and Wayne Langford for your hard work maintaining our facility. Thanks to Sarah Buckleitner for the wonderful photos.

Next year’s event will be held on August 22 at the same Starkville location. ❖

THANK YOU TO OUR FIELD DAY 2016 SPONSORS GOLD

SILVER

BRONZE

THE MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE • 15

RECENT EVENT

THE DEEP SOUTH TURF EXPO, Held October 11–13, 2016, WAS A GREAT SUCCESS! CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR AWARD WINNERS! (Shown below with 2016 MTA President Paul Welborn.)

Bud Thigpen Distinguished Service Award

Outstanding Turf Professional

MTA Honorary Membership

Wayne Philley

Al Osteen

Harry Collins

Mississippi State University

Annandale Golf Club (retired)

Total Lawn Care

MTA SCHOLARSHIPS ($500 EACH)

Andrew Vasser

A bright, clean tradeshow full of exhibitors was a highlight of the event.

Tuesday evening’s activities featured a softball game at MGM’s Park, home to the Biloxi Shuckers, with competing teams from AQUA-AID and Regal Chemical.

A gorgeous day greeted families on the Schooner Cruise mid-day on Wednesday.

Two of the winners of trap and skeet tournament, held again this year at the Coastal Rifle and Pistol Club, included Justin Murray (left) and Randy Mangum (right).

East Mississippi Community College

Dequincy Hughes Hinds Community College

Austin Smith Mississippi State University

Matthew Turner Mississippi State University 16 • MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS • WINTER 2017

THANK YOU TO OUR 2016 SPONSORS! Advertisers

Continental Breakfast

Entertainment

Luncheon

Reception

Tradeshow Bags

Agri-AFC, LLC AgStone, LLC AQUA-AID PBI-Gordon SiteOne Landscape Supply Specialty Turf Services

Syngenta

AQUA-AID, Inc. Regal Chemical Co.

Ladd’s

Jerry Pate Turf & Irrigation

Sod Solutions

Dinner Bayer Environmental Science Harrell’s

Golf Tournament BWI Companies

Past Presidents’ Reception

Tee Sign Sponsors

Trap & Skeet Tournament

Beard Equipment Co./ John Deere Golf

Dow AgroSciences Pennington Seed, Inc.

Aquatrols, Inc.

THANKS TO OUR DSTE EXHIBITORS Agri-AFC, LLC Agromax, LLC AgStone, LLC Air2g2/GT Airinject Alabama GCSA Alabama Turfgrass Assn.

American Underwater Services AQUA-AID Aquatrols, Inc. Barenbrug Grass Seeds BASF Bayer Environmental Science Beard Equipment Co./ John Deere Golf Ben Nelson Golf & Utility Vehicles Better Billy Bunker

Bucyrus Equipment BWI Companies, Inc. Capillary Concrete Chattahoochee Turf Products Color-Flex Distance Markers Corbin Turf Supply, Inc. Crosshairs Golf Davison Fuels & Oils Dow AgroSciences Ecologel Solutions, Inc. FIS Outdoor FMC GCSA GenNext Biotech, LLC Geoponics Corp.

GNC Industries, Inc. Graham Spray Equipment Grasshopper Company

DIGITAL MARKETPLACE

Greenleaf Technologies GreensGroomer WorldWide Growth Products, Ltd. Gulf Coast GCSA Gulf Coast Organic, Inc. Harrell’s, LLC Hotsy of MS Howard Fertilizer & Chemical Humphries Turf Supply Huntsville Tractor & Equipment Intelligro Jerry Pate Turf & Irrigation Keeling Company Knox Fertilizer Co. Ladd’s Louisiana Mississippi GCSA Mississippi Turfgrass Assn.

Net Connection, LLC New Life Turf Nufarm Americas Par Aide Products PBI-Gordon Pennington Seed Quality Corp./Hol-Mac Redexim Turf Products Redox Chemicals, LLC Regal Chemical Co. Residex Seago, Inc. SePRO Corp.

SiteOne Landscape Supply Skytek Aerials Sod Solutions SOLitude Lake Management Southeast Turf Maintenance Southern Athletic Fields, Inc.

Southern Golf Central Magazine Southern States Coop Turf Division Specialty Turf Supply, Inc. Standard Golf Company STEC Equipment Suma Green Sunbelt Rentals, Inc. Sur-Line Turf Syngenta The Andersons The Turfgrass Group TransAmerica Printing Triest Ag Group Trimax Mowing Service UPI VGM Club Woerner Turf

Scan the QR code: Download your favorite QR reader to your phone and scan the code to learn more about this company.

THE MISSISSIPPI TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE • 17

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

ADVERTISER INDEX

JANUARY 24–27

JUNE

STMA Conference and Exhibition Orlando, FL

2017 YardDawg Classic Location TBA

FEBRUARY 4–9 Golf Industry Show Orange Co. Convention Ctr. Orlando, FL

FEBRUARY 20–23 TPI International Education Conference & Field Day (Turfgrass Producers Intl.)

Saddlebrook Resort Tampa, Florida

Agri-AFC,LLC...........................................3 www.agri-afc.com Bayou Bend Turfgrass ..........................17 www.bayoubendturf.com

AUGUST 22 Mississippi State Turfgrass Research Field Day Rodney Foil Plant Science Research Center Starkville, MS

Boshancee Nursery, Inc. ......................18 www.boshanceensy.com

NOVEMBER 7–9

Harrell’s LLC ...........................................5 www.harrells.com

Deep South Turf Expo Mississippi Coast Coliseum & Conference Center Biloxi, MS

CoverSports USA ..................................14 www.coversports.com

Humphries Turf Supply ...........................9 www.humphriesturf.com Jerry Pate Turf & Irrigation ... Back Cover www.jerrypate.com Leading Edge Communications........7, 15 www.LeadingEdgeCommunications.com O2YS Corporation .................................18 www.o2yscorp.com RD Murphy, LLC.....................................12 www.rdmurphy.com Riebeling Farms, Inc. ............................6 Southeast Turf Maintenance ................12 www.southeastturf.com Southern Athletic Fields.......................17 www.safdirt.com Sur-Line Turf, Inc. ................................13 www.surlineturf.com The Turfgrass Group ...Inside Front Cover www.theturfgrassgroup.com Winstead Turf Farms .. Inside Back Cover www.winsteadturffarms.com

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