Informal Housing settlement study, Kerala

INFORMAL SETTLEMENT STUDY KOZHIKODE

Housing AP6103D Master’s in Urban Planning National Institute of Technology, Calicut

Athira TS Lavanya KP Ansila Mehaboob Ameen A Noura Anand Joshi

M210176AR M210089AR M210091AR M210092AR M210090AR M210063AR

SHANTI NAGAR MATHRUKA GRAMAM – WESTHILL

SHANTI NAGAR MATHRUKA GRAMAM Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB), the nodal agency entrusted for the implementation of the project ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏

ULCCS construction Total area- 26 acres 340 Families No. of units-248 Phase 1 Completion : 2013, No. of housing units : 248 houses (15 crore project) Phase 2 (yet to begin) : 115 new houses and 25 houses repair (14 crore project)

Some of the facilities that has been proposed in the project are primary health care centre, approach roads, community hall, and other amenities. ❏

Population served- 2240, No. of people in a unit - 5 to 7

2002

Bangladesh Colony

2007

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Schemes-100 day action plan of udf govt-shanthi nagar model village project,housing scheme implemented at owners plot marked in the title deeds.

For those who have no land with title deed will be provided with unclaimed land.

Funding pattern -fully funded by govt and amount Construction Period 2012-13 May

2012

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Proposed: no of units:333 houses for 302 coastal families sewerage treatment plant Drainage channel PHC Community biogas plant 3 anganwadis Type of settlement-in situ (individual houses)

2013

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Land allocation: 3 cents per resident(5.5lakh worth house for each resident).

Upto 15 years land selling or ownership change is restricted.

2015 ‘Sparsham’ Community Hall

❏ Services: -Water connection:corporation water ,public taps & well(own wells by residents) -Waste collection :kudumbasree ❏ Infrastructures :Amphitheatre and Auditorium ❏ Amenities: -Nearby health centers at westhill (2km ), monthly medical camp by sai baba organization) - Educational institutions at bilathikulam and gujarti school

2016

Auditorium

Amphitheatre and Library

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SAMUDRA AUDITORIUM First Phase.

Amphitheatre and Library

Amphitheatre and Library

Auditorium

‘Sparsham’ Community Hall

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Major Access - Beach Road.

Internal Road. .

Internal Roads

Small shops

Internal Roads- 3.5m

Church inside the settlement layout

Typical Plan

Area of one Unit - 27 Sqm

Basic unit.

Extended Kitchen.

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Temporary Compound Wall, Wall Tile.

Vertical Expansion.

Houses didn’t get benefit of the scheme.

Dilapidated Houses

2019

Gap analysis : ●

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Due to new proposal for coastal highway the residents within 50m are advised to move to another place with a compensation of 10 lakhs -Punargraham program Plan Level - Delay in implementing proposed anganwadi (vacant residence converted into temporary anganwadi-Shanthitheeram by ICDS project) & football ground for the community Land allocated is very less so they cant place the standard distance between septic tank and well of neighbouring residence

Coastal management plan: Possible challenges the community will face after its implementation.

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The evacuated population is highly dependent on governments or other authorities aid: If government doesn't act wisely and faster after implementation of the road project the residents will become homeless and the chance of overcrowding in existing colony will happen moreover there is chance of formation of a new slum in the nearby regions of the colony.

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Emotional call back : people are not willing to leave their home and surrounding where they lived.

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Scared of being homeless again

Threats Destructed seawall cause continues flood

Lack of proper drainage system cause water logging: the water entered the premises can’t be channelled back due to poor drainage system.

Old Slum

Re- Settlement

Kalluthan Kadavu Colony

Kalluthankadavu area development project ❏

Kalluthankadavu area development project is implemented to solve the spatial issues created by the slums occupying prime government lands.

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Offers proposed before slum dwellers : ●

Cleaner & healthier living environment

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Elevated social status

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All tenant benefits.

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Initiated by Urban local body (ULB) of Kozhikode corporation

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Commissioned - ICICI KINFRA ( a Kerala govt. Joint venture )

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Developer : KADCO

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Architect - Ar. Deepak I K ( Archnos , A group for architecture Environment and design ,Bangalore).

PPP MODEL

The ULB- KADCO Kozhikode slum rehabilitation and market relocation project.

2002

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The Kalluthankadavu colony was located on the banks of the Conolly Canal in the heart of the city (Opposite Comtrust eye Hospital) It is prone to waterlogging whenever the water level in the canal rises.

2007

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Most of these houses here have been in place for around 50 years and are mostly makeshift huts made of asbestos and flex sheets.

All members of the colony had been in the relief camp at Zamorin’s Higher Secondary School, Tali, during the floods.

2011

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The slum has about 82 families recognised by the Corporation and 20 others that are unrecognised of various community.

Old Photos

2011

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Phase 1 : Apartment for slum dwellers Location : Western end of Kalluthankadavu junction.

Budget : 13.5 crores Projected Proposed in 2005 Started in 2017 & completed by 2019

2017

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The apartment complex consists of four seven-storied buildings that can house up to 140 families.

Occupants : ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏

Kaaluthaan kadavu slum 89 families Nadakkavu slum 40 families Sathram colony 12 families Dwellers displaced from Muthalakkulam for the development of Kallai Road

2020

Typical Plan

Area of one Unit - 25 Sqm

Common Hall Ground Floor

Parking Ground Floor.

Sump Tank - Fire and Drinking

STP.

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Phase 2 : Relocation of Palayam market .

Status : Proposal Approved.

Kalluthankadavu area development project Budget : 55-60 crores .

ULB will clear & clean the kalluthankadavu slum.

Market complex of 2 lakh sq.ft buildup Includes all the shop along with all modern amenities such as : Internal roads, Multi-level parking space, Lorry bay, Cold storage room, Dormitories for drivers , Bio-gas plant for the disposal of generated waste, Landscaping

COMPARING WITH A STANDARD CASE STUDY:ARANYA HOUSING, INDORE

Aranya Housing, Indore (1989)

Shanti Nagar Mathruka Gramam, Westhill (2013)

Kalluthan Kadavu Colony (2019)

Indore development authority

Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB), ULCCS construction

100,000 Sqm Built-up Area 6500 Residential Plots (35m² 475m²)

333 Individual Housing unit of 27sqm

140 units of each 25 sqm area, Market complex of 2 lakh sq.ft buildup

100 Million Project cost

Phase 1- 15 crore ( 248 units) Phase II- 14 crore ( 140 units)

13.5 crores project Market complex - 55-60 crores

100% Public Sources ( Local, National and International Sources)

100 day action plan scheme

KADCO - ULB PPP Model

Sense of community, Security, Good living environment, Balanced community of various socioeconomic groups.

Redevelopment, Good living environment.

Rehabilitation, Good living environment, Flood prone area.

KADCO, ULB of Kozhikode corporation

Aranya Housing, Indore (1989)

Shanti Nagar Mathruka Gramam, Westhill (2013)

Kalluthan Kadavu Colony (2019)

Commercial block

Water Tank

Interlinked open spaces, Variation in built form variation, Distributed amenities, Road network hierarchy, Climate friendly orientation

Electrical services

STP

Aranya Housing, Indore (1989)

Shanti Nagar Mathruka Gramam, Westhill (2013)

Kalluthan Kadavu Colony (2019)

EWS Units and options for growth.

35 - 474 sqm

27 Sqm

25 Sqm

GAP BETWEEN MASTER PLAN & IMPLEMENTATION AND POST OCCUPANCY SATISFACTION

Footpaths

Drinking water

MASTER PLAN VS REALITY

Electricity

Community biogas plant

SHANTHI NAGAR MODEL VILLAGE Anganwadi

Drainage channel

Sewerage treatment plant

Primary health centre

We are happy that we got a house and the bad name of the colony is now not there much.

The houses given are far better than our previous ones.

Proper waste management is not present

The sad part is this is where we used to play before .

Irony is that they gave us library and amphitheatre which is not open to us

Since the houses are nearby there is a problem of well and septic tank distance of neighbouring houses. And the people also face flooding during heavy downpour and during heavy tidal waves they face destruction.

I am very happy that now I have a proper permanent roof over my head .

We didn’t get benefit from the scheme. Don’t know why we were not given.

Sparsham scheme: Women job training centre not functioning

MASTER PLAN VS REALITY

Standard housing condition Higher floors for rehabilitation of the existing residents of the colony

Kalluthankadavu Area Development Project

Cleaner & healthier living

Vertical development method with

environment

lower floors allocated for commercial

All tenant benefits

Elevated social status

purpose

We are now in far better condition than before with proper facilities

But we can’t expand our spaces as our family expands

We have a roof over our head

Parking facilities are given

Safe drinking water

People are happy with the facilities they have got but are worried about the space given when their children grows up or as their family expand as there is no scope of expansion.

We don’t have proper space for playing

Club space not sufficient and not functioning properly

Why Aranya is it better?

Formation of small neighborhoods and houses extending to the outdoors.

Streets accommodating social, economic and domestic activities.

Segregation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

Hierarchy based on traffic volume

60M 30M 12M 15M 9.5M 4.5M 1.5M Mixed and multiple land use

Commercial Residential- LIG,EWS Residential- HIG,MIG

TYPOLOGY

SIZE

EWS I - EWS II - EWS III

3.66 x 9.65, 6.1 x 7.32, 6.1 x 7.62

35 - 46 sqm

LIG I - LIG II LIG III

4.75 x 12.20, 6.10 x 12.20, 7.62 x 12.20.

55 - 93 sqm

MIG I -MIG II

9.15 x 15.25, 12.20 x 18.30

139 - 223 sqm

Landscape and green areas include flowering and shade giving trees with thick ground cover

Little maintenance

C. Nodal Points

A.Green Pathways

D. Public Squares B. Service Slots

Small shops operating within congested areas.

Place for playing, Community interaction

Better living condition.

Employment Opportunities.

Streets accommodating social, economic and domestic activities.

MASTER PLAN

water tank

Septic tank provided for every two clusters

ARANYA HOUSING storm water drainage

sewerage connection

Paved access with street lighting

EWS: underground cable

HIG & cables.

MIG:

overhead

Service Layout

Foundation- Under rimmed piles in concrete, cast in situ was used as the soil was black cotton soil.

Exterior finishes: Bright colour in the facade, railing, grills and cornices seen locally in the old houses of indore used.

Structural members: Reinforced concrete slabs.

Residents were free to use any material like brick or stone that were locally available.

School and community area is provided

Commercial area, Shopping and internal shopping.

Expansion is possible as the users want to do.

REFERENCES

1.

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3.

Master Plan for Kozhikode Urban Area – 2035 The Times Of India The Hindu

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https://exhibition.skoch.in/beacons-of-hope/kozhikode-municipal-corporation/