The Freud Tabloid

The Freud Tabloid Living Life With Letters What if a single letter in that one sentence you read has the power to change your world?

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Therapy Reimagined Witness the disapperance of a student’s worries from a different kind of therapy.

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Working with Rhythm How would you feel if you were informed that listening to music while working caused more harm than help?

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The Nutrition in You An improper diet can result in decreased cognitive abilities.

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Letter from the Editor

Dennis Yang

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Dear Readers, Welcome to our magazine, a project filled with months of challenges, minor setbacks, and the ultimate triumph: The Freud Tabloid. My team and I went into this project excited, but unsure of what to do or expect. After weeks of research and writing practice, we started creating our stories.

The first step was interviewing sources to put into our articles. Many of us were already having trouble; finding sources, contacting them, arranging places, actually conducting the interview, and transcribing their answers was much more difficult than it initially sounded. Already we wanted to give up on our project. Fortunately we pulled through and were rewarded with some of the best stories we ever wrote. I, myself, was pleasantly surprised that I could even write a story for a magazine. The troubles didn’t end with the articles. Our next challenge was with designing the layouts for our stories and ASFs. When some of us couldn’t manage to put ideas from our mind to the computer, we were ready to give up again. With support from each other, the stories and graphics were coming to life and starting to look like the drawings we created before beginnning the design on the computer. Even though we had many hindrances to our productivity and creativity, our combined efforts ended up making a product that is as beautiful as it is informative.

I hope you enjoy looking through The Freud Tabloid as much as we enjoyed creating it!

S wa t i Ya r la g a dda 3

Aleah Haight

Sofia Pineda

CONTRIBUTORS

Sofia has always been fascinated by both the power of language, as a tool to bring people together and one that keeps people apart, and cognitive development. The marriage of these two interests allowed her to conceptualize her piece.

Adoree Benke

Adoree has been captivated by books, novels, poems, and writing as well as the body and the brain.To combine her love for literature with her Ashton Corpuz interest in the brain and Ashton has been interested health, she writes about in psychology since 7th the effects of reading grade, he wanted to know and writing on an individmore about how the brain ual’s health in her article, functions. This interest let Living Life With Letters. him create the article The Nutrition in You where he writes about how healthy eating can help with cognitive functions.

It was not until Aleah experienced the stress of high school that she realized how much her animals affected her mental state. After she discovered the world of pet therapy, Aleah was determined to spread the word and does so in her story, Therapy Reimagined.

Swati Yarlagadda Editor in Chief

Swati’s favorite subject has always been science, and she enjoys learning about anything related to it. Her other passion is music, so combining both those interests, Swati was able to write the story Working with Rhythm, a way of teaching her readers about the brain and its relationship with music.

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The Freud Tabloid 2 Letter from the Editor A letter from the editor about the struggles we faced in order to create this magazine.

4 Contributors Page

How each member of our group became interested in the topics of his or her article.

6 Living Life with Letters How reading and writing affects an individuals health.

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Book Talk

All about the popular booktuber, Caitlin Da Silva, and her favorite books.

14 Is Being Bilingual Really Better?

How does growing up bilingual affect a child’s socio-cognitive development.

20 How to Say Hello

How to say hello in 10 different languages.

21 Second Language Picker

What second language is the best fit for you?

22 Working with Rhythm The negative and positive effects of music on the brain while working ; Including interviews with University of Texas at Austin Professors.

28 Do You Have Stress?

A comprehensive look at the symptoms of stress as well as a list of actions stressed people take.

30 The Nutrition in You

All about how improper nutrition negatively impacts learning capabilities.

34 Protein Shake Maker

How to make a nutritious and delicious protein shake.

36 Therapy Reimagined

How pet therapy affects the mental state of students. Featuring an interview with both a school counselor and a student involved with pet therapy.

42 Interesting Psychology Experiments 5 super interesting psychology experiments from history.

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Living The Freud Tabloid

Life With Letters Adoree Benke 6

Reading is another type of peace Photo Credit: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-reading-newspaper-6053/

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Many people have noticed the positive and negative effects of books.

Photo Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nakrnsm/3461566074

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guide they provide.

Individuals have slowly been noticing the effects of reading and writing on their health. The health effects that reading and writing contribute to can range from a daily reader to a full time writer. By just picking up a book or a journal when you are stressed, you can relieve being overwhelmed by reading or writing for a little while.

A lot readers have noticed this effect personally. Reading and writing can helps in many other ways, as well. Just the small effects of reading and writing and reading and writing; in general, has crafted many individuals lives. For example, the Reader’s Digest has the article Benefits of Reading that states

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Recently, many individuals and students in the United States have been encouraged, either by schools or the public, to read and write more in their lifetime because it provides a higher success rate in school stated by the James Madison University’s edu

eop le e

xpr ess

diffi

c ul t em oti on s.

hite pages whistle past the reader’s face. A silent breeze breaks from each flick of a page and the intensity of the book pushes on. The words of the pages can mask a relatable meaning and pull a reader into a passion for reading; giving them life long effects. On the contrary, many times even a blank journal can start a fiery passion with one to write.

Not only does writing and reading benefit an individual’s health, but it can also help improve their life. That one book or one journal can do so much in contributing to someone and their life.

Photo Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/joelmontes/4762384399

that a love of reading can protect your brain from Alzheimer’s disease, slash stress levels, encourage positive thinking, and fortify friendships. The year of this article is not announced.

Destressing can take some work. In many cases, people are not able to find a reliable activity that provides them relief. Reading and writing is just one of the examples that works as a destresser almost every time. Kelsey Shipman, a lecturer at Texas State and an instructor at a language school, can personally connect with the impacts from reading and writing, she says.

“Reading helps me calm down for sure personally. It lets me be internal in a way that’s quiet, you know. So I think it is a distressing mechanism. Reading can also make me feel alive... And writing, like I said, it is really cathartic; it helps you get your feelings out, you know. Instead of being controlled by them, it helps you do something with them. And there is nothing more powerful than having some kind of painful experience writing a good poem about it and seeing that painful thing turn into something beautiful,” says Shipman.

Depending on the person, deciding between if the effects of reading and writing are positive or negative, can alter. An author like Suzanne LaFleur has a slightly different perspective of reading and writing than Asia Buford, a freshman attending the Liberal Arts and Science Academy, LASA, in Austin. Both of them have personal experiences from reading and writing, but they lens that they are viewing it from differs.

“I’m not sure about reading, so I suppose I would have to say the effects are neutral. I feel mostly negative effects from writing. I think I write in a very trance-like state, because I won’t notice the time passing, but always when I find that the day is over, I feel like

I didn’t do enough. I can never do enough. Even when I actually finish a draft and hand it in, I feel queasy. I often write about characters going through difficult or sad things, and I have to feel what they are feeling when I work, and I think it builds up a bit and is hard to shake off. All that said, I love writing and feel compelled to do it...I’m not sure what would happen if I didn’t get the story out of my system.

Perhaps that would be worse?” says LaFleur.

Buford is an avid reader, so her perspective on her life has been impacted from books and literary elements. Reading provides many positives, but Buford address the cons of reading something that will not benefit you. She states how reading the wrong kinds of things can bring nothing into your daily life.

“So there are definitely some cons to reading and writing too much, but like I think just from reading the wrong kind of things instead of reading something that is real world that you can actually use in your everyday life,” says Buford.

Individuals have also noticed the effects of reading and writing on their daily life The changes in a person’s brain can start to be noticed by people through daily activities that are affected. The ability to be able to understand and access a different mindset has changed people to look through a different lens. LaFleur has been able to notice these effects personally.

“I feel like my brain is sharper for my literary training; I read and watch movies with the eye of an English professor, and I like that,” says LaFleur.

Viewing through a different lens and accepting a different kind of material from reading has helped people in their com-

munity. Books are accessible almost anywhere and can consist of many different types of genres. People can read about current event and become informed. Even people who choose fiction can start a comparison with the book, characters, and events. These connections allow for people to be able to become well rounded individuals. George Arnold, an author, realizes these effects on individuals.

“I think it helps in the- it has helped me in everyday life. Just in everything that I do. First of all the more you read the more informed you will be. The more informed you are the better citizens you can be and a better person you can be,” says Arnold.

The compassion that an individual builds up from reading has assisted in contributing to an individual and their life. Different genres build another type of internal life within an individual that can be used instead of just for reading, but for life, mentions Shipman.

“So I think it is really important to build an internal life and an internal monologue,it also helps; there was an article recently about: reading fiction helps people develop compassion because you get inside the head of a character, which helps you get inside the head of other people.

And maybe, understand what they are experiencing, more,” says Shipman.

Shipman also explains about how reading can assist in a larger global perspective and how it can assist in helping pull you out of a little world you might be stuck in.

She also mentions how reading helps broaden the sense of where you are.

Karen Thompson, a psychologist, uses some of reading and writing in her treatment session; as well as, sometimes recommending three other techniques. The three other techniques consist of deep breathing, shifting out of blame and criticism and into appreciation, and creative movement. Reading and

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writing is a broad technique that some psychologist like to connect and suggest along with their original practices. This broad area that reading and writing falls under allows all different people to be able to apply to any category that reading and writing works with.

“I do recommend that people do their own self help reading between sessions. Because I think that is a way to extend the treatment in between the sessions. There is only so much you can do within a session or within a series of sessions...I do recommend journaling sometimes for people. It is my understanding that if we take something out of our head and put it on paper, it kind of activates the whole process and it’s maybe kind of like practicing a breathing technique,” says Thompson.

Healthy self expression is difficult to come across. Some people, including teens, do not have a self expression technique they can use to develop emotions. Developing and engaging with the emotions that you have built up usually the individual to chose to complete the techniques that assist. This is one of

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Photo Credit: Suzanne LaFleur

Suzanne LaFleur reading outside

the reasons writing is very fulfilling: it allows someone to be able to access their emotions and thoughts and encrypt them out onto a piece of paper. A study from the University of California in 2007 states that verbalizing our feelings makes our sadness, anger and pain less intense.

“And writing, like I said, it is really cathartic; it helps you get your feelings out, you know.

Instead of being controlled by them, it helps you do something with them. And there is nothing more powerful than having some kind of painful experience writing a good poem about it and seeing that painful thing turn into something beautiful. A beautiful piece of art that other people can relate to and write. It can really connect you to other people, as well,” says Shipman.

Some individuals who attend college still feel that emotional discomfort of sharing their works of art and litereary creations. For the most part, reading and writing are beneficial to an individual’s health

and life, but if a person becomes discouraged with writing then their whole future can be affected and manipulated around that fear. This negative association that some individuals deal with is an issue that Shipman has to deal with.

“I think at first the students are very nervous. They do not have a lot of confidence in their ability to write or to read, especially out loud...so students at first lost confidence and then but after my classes...they get very excited and they do it outside of class. They trade poems with each other. They become personally invested in it outside of just the classroom environment,” says Shipman.

Becoming invested in an interesting book can assist young individuals and teens by providing an escape route from a busy or stressful time. A busy and depressing plot of a book can help with the self esteem of many individuals and add gratitude to their life. In some scenarios, the book can help an individual escape and increase the self esteem of the individual.

When an individual becomes too

Witn

a masters in poetry, I have been teaching creative writing, I read poetry, I published dozens of poems, I have published several books. It has shaped my whole purpose in the world. So like kind of a big deal,” says Shipman.

Reading and writing, for most, has assisted in shaping their career and purpose in life. Literary aspects can build self confidence, act as a destresser, add gratitude in one’s life, and affect one’s daily life.

Positive and negative effects come from these techniques, but in instead of being a red Wrong Way sign, it is more yellow life caution tape.

Reading and writing has affected teenagers, professors, and authors.

Those little tiny words are the crafting of such a complex life. Will they do that forever?

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invested and obsessed with reading negative events can start to occur. The individual starts to become disconnected.

Overall, reading provides relief, an escape, and positive outcomes.

“So it really helped me maintain my own self confidence and my own internal life because I could leave all the chaos and go read a book and escape...sometimes people become too disconnected from the world and they do not know how to like separate what’s real and what is not,” says Buford.

The impact of reading and writing varies between person to person because most of the time reading and writing is a choice action. Because reading and writing is a choice action, it increases the impact it has on a person’s life. For some it has changed their life and others it has given them a purpose.

“My whole life has been shaped around literature. My entire career has been shaped around literature… So I discovered poetry when I was in college, and I was doing volunteering inventory for a book store and they put me in the poetry section. And as I was suppose to be shelving the books and doing pricing, I just started to read the books. So I was not very reflective in doing inventory, but I fell in love with poetry. And so since then, I have

Kelsey Shipman works directly with poetry and has found a way to express her emotions through writing.

“...There

is nothing more powerful then having some kind of painful expierence, writing a good poem about it, and seeing that painful thing turn into something

beautiful.”

Photo Credit: Kelsey Shipman

ess

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FANTASY H R RELIGION T A R V R S C IE N C E O L R

Book

Photo Credit: Cailtin Da Silva

F I C T D I R RO MANCE N MO AN F I C A D V E NT U R E I PO ET RY N

This is a photo of Caitlin Da Silva.

CAITLIN

WHY? Why did you become a booktuber?

“To put it simply, the reason I became a booktuber was because it felt like I was meant to. I had been an avid youtube viewer for years and loved the platform-it seemed like the perfect place to expand the audience I had on by book blog,” says Silva.

DA SILVA

Importance What does reading mean to you?

“Reading to me means many things, but I mostly look at it as an escape from my everyday life. Whenever I’m stressed or simply looking to an embark on adventure, there’s comfort in knowing I can transport myself into a good story!,” says Silva.

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The Frued Tabloid By: Adoree Benke

T A L K About Who are you?

“I’m a nineteen year-old university student in Toronto, Canada.

My passion for reading led me to start my YouTube channel, The Y.A. Bookworm Blogger, where I posts videos about books and have the opportunity to work with authors and publishers from around the world. In addition to being featured on Huffington Post, The Y.A. Bookworm Blogger was recently named by CBC.ca as one of the ‘10 Canadian BookTubers you should be watching.,” says Silva. Her youtube channel brings a spark of creativity that interests and captivates many.

Photo Credit: Cailtin Da Silva

Cailtin’s Favorite Book: Photo Credit: Cailtin Da Silva

B

This is a photo of other popular books that Silva likes.

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This is a photo of Silva’s favorite book.

Lady Midnight by Cassandra Clare

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IMPACTED

H

How has reading impacted your life?

What book has had the most life

changing effect on you?

“Twilight, one hundred percent! I was not much of a reader when I was young but once I read Twilight, that changed! If it weren’t for Twilight, I may have never became a reader and thus would not have been introduced to the wonderful online book community!,” syas Silva.

Her Top Favorite Authors: ~Cassandra Clare ~Tahereh Mafi ~Colleen Hoover ~Abbi Glines ~Jennifer L. Armentrout

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“The most significant impact reading has had on my life has been the fact that it lead me to starting a youtube channel. If it weren’t for reading, I don’t know if I ever would have considered making videos; YouTube has become such a passion of mine that I don’t even know who I’d be without it!,” says Silva.

M

A B

E

A What does reading mean to you?

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“Reading to me means many things, but I mostly look at it as an escape from my everyday life. Whenever I’m stressed or simply looking to an embark on adventure, there’s comfort in knowing I can transport myself into a good story!,” says Silva.

A

C

A

A T L S U R A U O R G R CN F L WU T H S M Q I U P J OBU D F W V N J X X PSB D WT

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, n i t s u A TX

By: Adoree Benke

Book People

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An open book with the world blurred away.

Photo Credit: Labeled for reuse on Google.

Do you love books, People and CLubs?

Come to Book People!

They have hosted over 300 events every year, and they feature many author signings each week. If you come, you will get 10% off your purchase of a book for the book club.

Location 603 N Lamar Blvd, Austin, TX 78703

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Is

BILINGUAL ?

Always

Photo Courtesy of wikipedia.org

Hablas espanol? Spreek je nederlands?

BETTER 16

ñ

By: Sofia Pineda

¿Hablas español? Spreek je nederlands? Chances are if you live in the United States at one point or another you will encounter someone who doesn’t speak English, but have you ever stopped to wonder what the effects of growing up speaking English as a second language have on children in the United States?

Currently, in the United States, 20 percent of the population speaks a language other than English as their native tongue says Psychology Today, a psychology magazine, however, 40 percent of all immigrants to the US identify as speaking English well or very well says The CIS. The social effects of entering the public schooling system where the language of your peers is different than your own can be devastating, but the cognitive effects in contrast can be great; Eleanor “Elly” Field, a retired behavioral therapists, says, ”Of course they [bilingual children] master two languages which is amaz

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Photo Courtesy of ramseylibrary.org

ing and they do face a lot of problems in school. I would say they face serious cognitive advantages, but are at a disadvantage socially.”

“There are two kind of groups of advantages [to learning a new language].

The first would be cultural [and] the second being more focused on job opportunities. Once you learn a new language it’s like unlocking a whole new world. You’re able to speak to new people, participate in things you might not have before, travel more easily, and really the act of learning a language itself requires expanding your knowledge on the group that speaks it, it’s culture and ways of interaction. A distinct advantage is also increased job opportunities; an ability to speak multiple languages fluently opens countless doors to more jobs and higher paying jobs,” says Laura Nash, an ESL teacher at Hill Elementary School.

Children in the United States who do not speak English at home are forced to learn English upon entering the public education system. Children who enter the school system starting in kindergarten almost always obtain fluency in English prior to graduating high school, however, if they enter school later on they may not achieve fluency in English.

Americans who speak multiple languages make on average $7,000 dollars per year more than their monolingual counterparts according to Omniglot, an encyclopedia of writing systems and languages. In addition to making more on average, multilingualism has 18

been linked to certain health benefits as well, many people would find it hard to argue that knowing more than one language is a bad thing and the benefits hardly come to an end once you leave high school; recent studies such as one performed by the University of Ghent in Belgium have found that multilingualism may fight of dementia for over four years in elderly patients. While monolingual patients in the afore mentioned study often developed signs of dimension starting at or around age 73 in contrast multilingual and bilingual patients didn’t show such signs of dementia until around age 77.

With every upside comes a downside.

Field says, “When it comes to fitting in at school I’ve found in my experience that [american] children who did not grow up speaking English at home have a hard time coping in school and making friends. My husband always said that not knowing English seriously limited his prospects for making friends in grade school and made him into a kind of outcast in some respects.”

Fields husband grew up speaking primarily Yiddish at home and did not speak English until after entering a public school. She says his struggle with friend making did come to an end when he had mastered English.

Further issues are brought to light when one questions the education non-native English speaking children receive. Angie Sevier, previously a teacher in AISD says, “I’ve seen that a lot of children who

don’t know English when they start grade school are treated as second class citizens and never really catch up to their classmates. A lot of these kids give up on doing well at school after so many years of struggling to keep up with classmates.�

Schooling presents many challenges for children who did not grow up speaking English, another immediate disadvantage is the correlation between bilingualism and slowed acquisition of vocabulary. The National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth performed a study which found that bilingual children have a harder time building their vocabularies until about age five or six, when they catch up with their monolingual peers.

The reason for this being the burden of the vocabulary they already posses in each language.

Growing up multilingual has its ups and downs, as well as astounding effects on cognitive development, social interaction, and treatment at school.

The important thing is not for a family to live togeather but to stay united. Photo Courtesy of diariodepalabras. files.wordpress.com

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How to Say

Learning a second language can fight off dementia for up to seven years! And it’s too never to late to start.

Hello In 10 Languages

1.

Italian 2.

3.

9.

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Hag

Swedish Sveki

Finnish

Irish 8.

Hallo Hallo

Lithuanian 6.

7.

German

Dutch 4.

5.

Ciao

Hei Dia dhuit

Esperanto

Haitian 10. Vietnamese

Saluton Alo Xin Chao

Which second language is for you?

YES

Comedies or Animes?

Comedies

Are you a loner?

NO

A perfect date includes...

You’d rather eat...

Anime

Mochi

A movie and food

Kimchi

Japanese

Korean

No

Dutch

Russian

No

Hebrew

Do you like sausage No

Yes

Duh!!!

No You’d rather go to

You always sound angry Yes

Arabic

Candle light and roses

You’re loud when you talk

Fart jokes are funny?

Duh!!!

If possible, try putting a little space between the chains and the text boxes. If not, just do something to make it feel less crammed.

An outdoor cafe...

You prefer

Pastries

French

A family restaurant

Spanish Lattes

Italian

German 21

Is music really as good for working as people say it is, or could it sometimes hurt more than it helps?

WORKING with

RYTHM Swati Yarlagadda

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I

magine you are a high school student doing homework on a dull Tuesday evening. You flip your math book open and write a few numbers on a blank page of notebook paper. It’s very boring, and your mind wanders off to the dragon you have just started doodling on the corner of your page. Unfortunately, the dragon can only entertain you for so long, so you turn on your phone and play some music. For the rest of the night, you blast your upbeat music and study.

Nowadays, people get easily distracted with electronics. A common example is listening to music while working. While many people claim that working and listening to music at the same time benefits their learning by keeping them focused and creating an enjoyable work environment, it may actually be more harmful than not.

However, there may be benefits to listening to music while doing tasks that require less precision, like cleaning. A 2007 study by Brian Dalton and David Behm showed that listening to music while doing a task that required concentration negatively affects comprehension and quality as it is a distraction, even though the task may be completed more quickly. Conversely, in a 2003 study by Yu-Chin (Jerrie) Hsieh and Sheryl Kline, it was revealed that even though listening to music while doing a task like cleaning does not have any measured negative effect on mood, effectiveness, or speed, the music can help workers enjoy the task more.

This shows that music is not a good distraction while working on important tasks, but can be beneficial for chores or other work that does not require much concentration. In both cases, music has a positive effect on mood and the enjoyment level of the task.

According to Michael Domjan, professor of psychology at the Uni-

versity of Texas in Austin, the human brain can only focus on two or three specific tasks at the same time, so listening to music diverts the focus from the original task, such as studying, to the music.

“Ideally you want to study for a test in the same environment that you will be taking the test, and you obviously can’t listen to music in class while you’re taking the test,” says Domjan.

However, simpler tasks, like chores, don’t require as much concentration compared to a more difficult task like studying, so listening to music while cleaning or doing the dishes could actually help the worker feel happier or enjoy the task more. Since studying is an important task that requires a lot of focus, any distraction may be detrimental.

“If you are doing something that requires precision then you can’t listen to music because you will lose that precision,” says Domjan.

In addition to the task, the kind of music being played can also have an effect on the worker, depending on their personality or music preferences. For example, some people enjoy listening to upbeat music while doing simpler tasks because it is more enjoyable, while others might prefer slower music that helps to relax.

“But if you are doing something like housework than it is best probably to listen to fast paced music or something that is more energetic because housework is very boring and you would want to enjoy it more,” says Domjan.

“But it definitely depends on the person and their personality.”

A common misconception is that classical music is better than other types and makes the listener smarter. This theory is called the Mozart Effect. However, Domjan mentions that the Mozart Effect does not exist, and if it does, the effect is not as exaggerated as most think. According to him, people only believe that classical music is better than more contemporary music because it is more complex, as opposed to the more repetitive pop music.

“But anything that stimulates the mind is going to help somebody, and if it elevates your mood, it helps someone function more effectively subsequent to listening to music,” says Robert Duke,

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“Music helps me tune out the background noise, and after a while, I can’t even remember what songs I’ve listened to”

Michael Domjan in his office Photo credit: Photo from UT Website

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head of the music and human learning department at the University of Texas in Austin. “And that’s different thing than listening to music while you’re working. “

Music may not always elevate one’s mood. Sometimes if a specific type of music is played at a time, the person’s mood could worsen. Duke says that instead of music elevating his mood, sometimes the music has to be played according to how he’s feeling at the moment. An example he included was that if he was in a positive mood, loud music would be his preference. But if he was not in a good mood, the same loud music would have a negative effect on how he was feeling.

“So, it would be a mistake to expect music to have a predictable effect,” says Duke.

Both professors agree that listening to music has a negative effect on the person while they are working, but some people can work effectively with music in the background. Those who are able to work effectively with music in the background have the ability to tune out the music so that they don’t always hear it.

“Music definitely helps me with my homework, tuning out the background noise that distracts me and making it a little more enjoyable so that I don’t wander around the house,” says Emma Moran, a freshman at the LASA High School in Austin, Texas. “It serves both purposes, as well as helping to relax me.“

While doing homework, Moran listens to the music that she likes, which may change depending on the day. According to her, any

Brain while listening to different types of music Photo credit: DJ Rockers

ity work, and if the music was played at the wrong time, a bad emotional state.

Listening to music while working can potentially be good in a student’s perspective, but is actually harmful because it is an unnecessary distraction for most people, unless they are able to tune out the music while still focusing on the task. Music is, however, good for elevating mood and relaxing a person, so listening while doing simple tasks is fine. Ideally, it is best to work in silence and in the same situation that someone will be in while working, and music is usually not a part of that environment.

§

background noise distracts her so much that she is unable to do the work. She also mentions that even if she does get distracted with the music, it prevents her from leaving her homework and wandering around.

“Music helps me tune out the background noise, and after a while, I can’t even remember what songs I’ve listened to,” says Moran.

Music may be a good distraction for some people, but many of those who enjoy listening to music make the mistake of increasing the volume too much.

“In fact, I can walk by a lot of people and hear their music through their headphones, which means that it is way too loud,” says Domjan.

According to Domjan, having the music too loud can not only distract a person, but it also severely damages hearing. Everybody has important hairlike cells in their ears that are necessary for hearing. Over time, the cells may be damaged by loud music.

This causes temporary or permanent hearing loss. Domjan says that this is why many rock musicians have severe hearing loss. A simple test to find out whether someone should turn down the music is if music is being heard through headphones by another person, the music is too loud. But even if the music is soft, it is bad during work.

“If there is light music in the background then it is not taking as much of a presence in your mind, but it still is not good because you are not completely focused,” says Domjan.

So even if someone decides to listen to music while working on something else, there are a lot of factors that could be a cause of many bad effects, like hearing loss, loss of focus that could lead to poorer qual-

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DO YOU HAVE Helplessness Irritability

Anxiety

Guilt

str

ess

High Blood Pressure Indigestion/ Ulcers

Sources

1. WebMD 2. Partners

3. Coaching Positive Performance 4. Strictly Stress Management

?

Swati Yarlagadda 26

Muscle Tension

Cold/ Sweaty Hands

People who’re stressed often don’t know they are.

If you notice any of the symptoms shown above in yourself or others, it could be a sign of stress. If so, take some time off to rest and relax!

Nervous Behaviors Nail biting, fidgeting, and pacing are examples of stress related actions.

Clenched Jaw and Grinding Teeth These are examples of some unconscious actions that commonly happen to stressed people.

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Unhealthy Eating By overindulging in comfort foods, the stressed people can get overweight, obese, or have heart problems. On the opposite spectrum, some stop eating or eat very little. This could be because they developed a negative self image or a negative opinion about food.

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3

People often tend to turn to alcohol or drugs when they are stressed. These serve as short term solutions with damaging long term consequences.

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Risk Taking

Sometimes when a person is really stressed, they can snap and lash out at other people or things instead of trying to solve the problem. This helps them kind of let go of their feelings, but it could also build up over time and become dangerous.

This is one of the first things to suffer because of stress. The person is likely taking on too many tasks so they put it off or avoid it altogether. Or, they may be so worried or anxious that they become forgetful.

Addictive/Excessive Behavior

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Aggression

Lack of Punctuality

When some people are stressed, they feel like they aren’t doing enough with their lives.

So, they try to get some thrills by doing high risk activities, like gambling.

These thrills can eventually get too risky, which can cause accidents.

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Suicidal Behaviors Stress can destroy selfesteem and self-image to a point where stressed people feel like they can’t go on with their lives.

A lot of people are too embarrassed or ashamed to talk about their issues, but they can drop subtle hints in their speech or actions.

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Woman working in the rice fields.

The Nu

By: Denis Arqueros

triti

In Y

on How does the lack of nutrient effect

ou

congitive development? Studys show that children who don’t get proper nutrition may be at a disadvantage in mental capabilites.

By: Ashton Major Corpuz

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In first world countries most families don’t have to worry about getting enough food to sustain themselves. They eat 3 meals a day and maybe a few snacks in between meals, but what about the people who don’t have that much food and aren’t getting proper nutrition? We used to think that just their body development was slowed. Turns out their mental development is too.

A 2014 PubMed study on how certain micronutrient statuses (iron, vitamin A, zinc, iodine) affect cognitive development was conducted in Cambodia. Students age 6-16 showed that children who were nutritionally stunted scored significantly lower than healthy children In RCPM test.

However, most first world countries do not have this problem.

“Fortunately, these deficiencies are rare in the United States, mainly due to fortification of foods”. says Lubna Qureshi, a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who completed her Masters in Dietetic studies

Some important nutrients that your body needs are protein, which, according to the New Health Guide Organization, can build and repair body tissue, Iron, which creates hemoglobin to let red blood cells transport oxygen, carbohydrates, which provide the body with energy, Calcium, which is responsible for bone growth, and sodium, which helps maintain a healthy fluid

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balance.

These are just a few nutrients that help maintain our body.

“Eating healthy really matters,” Qureshi says.

“Following a healthy eating pattern also supports the nutrient adequacy that is crucial to run[ning] the engine of the human body.”

Qureshi recommends a variety of vegetable from all subgroups, beans and peas, starchy fruits, grains half of which should be whole grains, fat-free/low-fat dairy, variety of protein foods.

She also recommended to limit saturated fats and trans fats, added sugars and sodium.

The 2014 Nutrition Country Profile about Nigeria, located in sub-saharan Africa, showed as of 2011 Nigeria has 49% of the total population suffering from anemia which has been linked with lack of the micronutrient iron and 30% of preschool children with deficiencies of vitamin A which can lead to lead to blindness if not taken care of.

“Research suggests that deficiencies of iron, B vitamins, zinc, vitamin A and iodine may have a negative effect on cognitive domains,” Qureshi says.

When people go for an extended

This picture is showing kids eating.

Credit: Wikapedia article National School Lunch act

“Research suggests that deficiencies of iron, B vitamins, zinc, vitamin A and iodine may have a negative effect on cognitive domains”

“The length needed to exhibit cognitive dysfunction due to the consumption of nutrient deficient diet may vary among individuals”

Picture of a structure, it has words on the pillars that have to do with healthy eating and the pillars are holding up education.

Credit: Ashton Major Corpuz

Learning capability

Countries similar to Cambodia have problems with not having enough nutrition and sometimes developing malnutrition while Countries similar to the United States have problems of eating too much of certain nutrients which causes obesity and diabetes.

However something both countries have in common is that both have some type of problem with nutrition and those problems affect mental development and capabilities.

“According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, more than two-thirds of all adults and nearly one-third of all children and youth in the United States are either overweight or obese,” Qureshi says

learning and memory, nutritional deficiencies early in life can affect the cognitive development of school-aged children”.

Wilder Research also found that 5th grade students with less nutritious diets performed worse on the standardized reading and writing assessment. Another study found out 5th graders who ate more fast food performed worse on math and reading. Alternatively a study that banned junk food from schools and replaced it with more nutritious foods found that students participating in not eating junk food performed higher on English and Science tests.

Research also suggests that proper nutrition affects psychosocial positively by reducing aggression and disciplinary problems and increasing concentration and energy level if they are provided with the correct nutrition.

All of this shows just how much nutrition impacts our lives and how important it is to watch what you eat so you can get the most out of your brain and body. In less fortunate nations the risks of having iron deficient anemia and even the chance of blindness can occur if they do not eat enough of the correct foods often enough. While in wealthier nations people eat too much non nutritious foods, become obese, and even slow down their mental capabilities and concentration. In the end eating nutritious and healthy foods is a choice that can benefit a lot of people. Just not everyone is able to make that choice.

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According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Obesity is can be caused from taking in more calories through food and drink than you are burning through your daily life.

Nutrition

“The length needed to exhibit cognitive dysfunction due to the consumption of nutrient deficient diet may vary among individuals,” Qureshi says. “For some nutrients, the body may show signs in a few months while for others it may take years”.

Vitamins

Iron period of time with improper eating they could be at risk of showing signs of mental dysfunction.

Wilder Research published an article in 2014 about the effects of nutrition on students’ academic performance says that “Research suggests that diets high in trans and saturated fats can negatively impact

A student frustrated with hishomework Photo credit: Paul Fisher

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Strawberry-Watermelon Smoothie by condesign

Being healthy can be difficult, it requires hard work and dedicatoin. Here is a smothie to help you on your way. Have fun!

235 calories

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15.4 g of protein

56 g of Carbs

37 g of sugar

12.2 g of total fat

Strawberry-Watermelon Smoothie The Strawberry - Watermelon Smoothie is a cold smothie made from Strawberries, Frozen Watermelon, Milk, Lime, Chia Seeds, and Ice. The Strawberries along with the Watermelon provide sweetness while the Lime constrats it to make sure its not overpowering. The Chia seeds add thickness while the ice and Frozen Watermelon makes the Smothie cold and enjoyable.

Ingredients 1 1/2 cups of diced frozen watermelon 1 cup of whole strawberries 1 table spoon of lime 1 cup of milk 2 table spoon of chia seeds 1/4 cup of Ice

Steps Set up a blender and measure out all of the ingredients.

Place all ingredients into the blender. (Feel free to add your own ingredients.)

Blend the ingredients for about 1 minute on low or until smooth.

Enjoy your Strawberry Watermelon Smoothie

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Subscribe Today!

You tell them what snaks you enjoy.

They hand pick a box for you.

And then they send it to your house or work!

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Therapy

RE-

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IMAGINED Aleah Haight

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A study at the University of Missouri-Columbia Center for the Study of Animal Wellness showed that when a human pets a dog, within minutes they get a massive release of hormones-known to be associated with health and feelings of wellbeing.

Photo By Flickr

“If having a soul means being able to feel love and loyalty and gratitude, then animals are better off than a lot of humans.”

- James Herriot You’re walking through your high school hallway with the windowless walls and fluorescent lights making it seem all the more like a prison. You have your Algebra final next period and an English presentation after that; your stress is through the roof. You sit down by your locker, wondering how you could possibly make it through the day, when all of a sudden, you see something in the distance that makes a smile burst through your lips: your school’s pet therapy dog! It comes up to you and as you pet it, you feel the stress wash away.

According to a study in 2010 by Lori Friesen, Animal-Assisted therapy programs with children are becoming increasingly popular in schools across the country. This type of therapy uses animals, commonly dogs, to provide support to people with a mental health condition or to elevate the mood for people in a tense situation.

Pet therapy has found it’s way into high-schools and colleges where stress is often at it’s highest.

Before getting into therapy dogs and how they relate to the mental state of students, we 38

need to know what’s going on in the brain that makes pet therapy so effective. The primary hormone involved in pet therapy is oxytocin. This is the hormone found in new mothers that helps form a bond between mother and child. Interaction with animals often causes a higher level of beta endorphins which is the body’s natural high, as well as dopamine. A combination of these three hormones gives us that “feel good” feeling that we get when hugging a loved one or petting a dog.

These hormones are the key to why pet therapy works. Not only can it help people with a mental disorder, but it can also be an extremely helpful tool in the lowering of stress for students.

For example, the practice of pet therapy has just made its way to the hallways of the Liberal Arts and Science Academy, an elite high school in Austin, Texas, in the form of an Italian GreyhoundChihuahua mix named Bruce Wayne. Bruce Wayne is LASA’s very own therapy dog owned by Marissa Rivera, a wellness counselor at the school.

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“A lot of other students that I see for other first day I got to hang out with him,” Butler says. reasons, sometimes they’ll request to come see “He made everything brighter and better when I me only on days when Bruce is here,” says Rivera. got to play with him and hold him.”

“It just helps, especially if they have something

Another advantage of pet therapy is that difficult they want to talk about or they’re just it gives incentive to students to go to the counstressed out.” selor. In Butler’s case, she states that before she

And the students are indeed stressed. discovered Bruce Wayne, she avoided going to the According to a study of children from high-percounselor’s office. forming California high schools, 70 percent of the “I didn’t look forward to anything there students say they often or always feel stressed by if I was having a bad day,” Butler says. But after their school work. discovering Bruce Wayne, Butler says that she

As the year goes on, Bruce continues to was always excited to go to the counselor and see gain popularity among the students at LASA. him.

Rivera says that kids will come in once or twice a

“I always knew he’d be there if I needed day to just hang out with Bruce or pet him. She that extra spark,” says Butler. “He is just the says she believes that it is important that we have sweetest thing and I love him so much.”

Bruce Wayne at LASA because it encourages stu Pet therapy in schools is also proven to dents to take a step back from the stress of their better the education of students. According to daily lives. She also talks about the benefits of a study done by the Canine Assisted Reading pet therapy compared to talk Education(C.A.R.E) and data therapy. collected from the teacher

“I think pet therapy is responses to the C.A.R.E. really great for those people Program, students assigned who have a hard time verbalto registered therapy dogs izing different feelings,” says demonstrated more reading Rivera. “Sometimes I’ll have growth than their peers who students that just talk to were not assigned to regisBruce, sometimes it’s easier tered therapy dogs. to talk to somebody that you

Butler supports this know isn’t judging you or isn’t statement, saying that havgoing to respond back in a cering Bruce Wayne also helps tain way, so they’re just more with her education and free to express themselves.” focusing better on school

When asked her opinion work. When asked her on if having a therapy dog in opinion about if all schools every school would be the right should have therapy dogs, thing to do, Rivera’s answer her answer was similar to was firmly yes.

Rivera’s.

“I think it would help,

“If every school had a not only from a therapy pertherapy dog, I feel like stuPhoto by Target spective, helping reduce stress dents would gain confidence This is Harriet Butler, a student at LASA and helping everybody relax and happiness within their but I think it would also help norlearning environment and feel malize how to be around animals and like the less alone,” says Butler. right ways to approach animals,” says Rivera.

Both Butler and Rivera have pointed out

This method of therapy at LASA has influthe advantages of pet therapy being implemented enced one student in particular, Harriet Butler, in schools. Their personal experiences provide a freshman at the school. Butler first met Bruce support to the idea of the pet therapy spreading Wayne by accident, she says, when one day she to schools throughout the world. With the current was feeling stressed out for a test and she decidmomentum and streak of positive feedback related to go to the counselor. Bruce Wayne just haping to therapy dogs, who knows what schools will pened to be there. look like in 5 years? They might just have a lot

“He is so sweet and really did help me that more dog hair to deal with.

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Brush Your Cat

It is healthy for your cat when you brush them because it keeps their fur clean and spreads natural oils. Not only does brushing your cat help with their apperance, but sometimes severe hair balls can block their stomach or intestines. Keep your cat healthy and safe!

Source: WEBMD 40

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Interesting

Psychology Experiments

In History

Aleah Haight

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Stanford Prison

In 1971, psychology professor Philip Zimbardo had a mock prison constructed where 24 male students were selected at random to play the role of either a prisoner or prison guard for two weeks in order to study the psychological effects of being in prison. The experiment was ended after six days due to the subjects getting into their role too much and inflicting physical and psychological torture. It is for this reason that the Stanford Prison Experiment is considered to be one of the most unethical psychological experiments of all time.

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In 1961 Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Participants were told to play the role of “teacher” and administer electric shocks to “the learner,” who was supposedly in a different room, every time they answered a question incorrectly. In reality, no one was actually being shocked. Milgram was just playing a recording that made it sound as if the “learner” were in a great deal of pain and wished for the experiment to stop. Despite this however, the “teacher” continued to administer the electric shock when told to do so.

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MIlgram Experiment

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Brown Vs Blue Eyes Jane Elliott, a third grade teacher, created an exercise in 1968 to help her white students understand the effects of racism.To do this, she divided her class into two groups: blue-eyed students and brown-eyed students. On the first day of the experiment, the blue eyed children were designated as the superior group and were given extra privileges, while the brown-eyed children represented the minority group. As a result the blue-eyed children’s grades rose while the browneyed children’s suffered. The next day, Elliot reversed the roles of the two groups and the blue-eyed students became the minority group. When these roles reversed so did the academic performances as well as bullying.

Asch Conformity In 1951, Solomon Asch conducted an experiment to investigate the extent to which the social pressure from the majority of a group could affect a person’s tendency to conform. To do this, Asch put a test subject into a room with seven other people who were all actors in the experiment. He showed them all a picture of three lines, all different lengths, and asked everybody in the room to say which line was the longest. The seven actors went first and purposely chose the incorrect line. When it was the subject’s turn to choose, most chose the incorrect line.

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Marshmallow Test

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In 1972, Walter Mischel of Stanford University was determined to find out if deferred gratification in children can be an indicator of future success.To do this he developed the Marshmallow Experiment. In this experiment, children were taken into a room where a marshmallow was placed on the table in front of them. Before the adult left the room, they told the child that they would receive a second marshmallow if the first was still on the table after 15 minutes. The examiner recorded how long each child resisted eating the marshmallow and later noted whether it correlated with the child’s success in adulthood and found that the children who waited for the second marshmallow had higher SAT scores.

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The Freud Tabloid “Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried alive and will come forth later in uglier ways.�

-Sigmund Freud