Chronologic - Spring 2023

Table Of Contents 4-5. Letter From The Editors 8-13. Exoplanets 14-15. Telescope Timeline 16-21. Quantum Computing & AI 22-23. How secure are you?

24-31. The Hidden Creators 32-33. History of Video Games

Letter From The Edtiors Aloysius Tasch is an avid astronomical science enthusiast and wants to become an astrobiologist. He enjoys reading, exploring and writing these sciences. Due to his fascination with astrobiology he really enjoys biology class at Lasa. He is looking forward to writing multiple sections on space exploration.

Cooper Smallwood is a LASA student who’s favorite hobbies are coding and software development. He is pursuing his interests in our magazine by writing a segment on quantum computers. His favorite classes are Ezine and math because of the creativity and technical standpoints parallel to computer science.

He likes to bring his ideas to life, and this includes everything from computer code to invention ideas.

He also has two dogs named Dobby and Bolt.

Giovanny Benitez likes science and enjoys playing video games like valorant and minecraft.

When he’s not doing these hobbies, he enjoys cooking and food in general, psychology, and computer activities like PC building. He also has a dog named Pearl.

The

GREAT

[Truly]

SPACE TELESCOPES

By Aloysious Tasch

Telescopes have evolved over the ages, and are now most associated with space. There are now dozens of types that have accumulated via the continuous construction of human knowledge about the universe. though humans have not In the modern world, telescopes Even escaped Earth’s embrace, we have

Twenty-four billion dollars went into NASA in 2022, and this isn’t for no reason.

are household objects, but this has not always been the case.

They have evolved greatly and are now an extremely diverse, but why are they important?

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pioneered out in the form of robotics. Some of the best examples of these are the Mars rovers, the Voyager Probes, and all of the landers that carried the first people and science equipment beyond Earth. However, there are also telescopes.

Black holes, galaxies, nebulas, and more specifically, there are trillions of stars, each with their own planets possibly holding other civilizations, are some of the most interesting objects in the universe. Unfortunately, it’s unlikely that we will ever visit them as most are incomprehensible distances away. So, humans have innovated a portal

that allows us to see these places instead. Telescopes have evolved greatly over time and have changed significantly since when they were first invented by Hans Lippershey in 1608, although this is debated as several men claimed to have invented it first.

However, these discover ies can also be accredited to people before this time, who developed the principles and foundations of optic science.

There are many other scientists and engineers that worked countless hours, including Galileo Galilei, who is one of the most well-known Renais-

sance figures. In 1609, Galileo built his own telescope, and as a result, he became well-known in the scientific community. After this, Galileo continued to refine and polish his design and look towards the heavens, where he observed Jupiter and its moons, Venus, the Moon, and even other stars. These discoveries and the elaborate sketches he made, as well as other observations from a variety of scientists such as Thomas Harriot, who viewed the moon first and made more detailed art, laid out the framework for the rate of knowledge acquired to start accelerating.

There are two main domains of telescopes: reflecting and refracting. Refractor telescope use lenses to magnify objects, and reflector telescopes bounce light off of mirrors to focus it into the eyepiece for the viewer to see. Most telescopes used professionally are reflecting telescopes because they weigh less and do not distort light wavelengths, but “most” is not all. Dr. Nicole Schanche is a scientist the works at the TESS Investigator Office. TESS stands for Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It was launched in 2018 and has since made a variety of advancements. “The goal of TESS,

as the name implies, as the Transit- James Webb Space Telescope, or ing Exoplanet Survey Satellite, JWST, is now very well-known, and is that it’s looking for planets this is for good reason. Ell Bogat is a NASA scientist who earned their transiting their host star.

Undergraduate Degree in physics And so the goal was really and Astronomy from the University to look at bright stars with of Texas. They have also worked small planets, and we really at the NASA headquarters where want these bright stars because they planned missions we want the planets that we to Mars, and now find with TESS to be really “The Dream is they work as a data good targets for the James Alive” interpreter at the Webb Space Telescope to Goddard Space Cengo back and look at the - John Young ter in Maryland. “In atmospheres,” says First Space Shutterms of my research, Nicole. TESS also tle Pilot It’s pretty much all fills the niche programming. So what that Kepler, the I do is I get data from a space telefirst Great Space scope, which is basically just a grid Telescope, left behind when it was or in some cases a cube of numbers.

And then I work on writing softpowered down in ware that can interpret those num2018. However, its bers into real data.” One example abilities are differof this process is detecting moleent, as it is meant to cules in exoplanet precede the James Webb atmospheres.

Space Telescope, which was “There launched on Christmas Day of are 2022. “So Kepler is probably, specwell is definitely, the most trofamous telescope prior to TESS that found planets, and the one downside to Kepler is that it looked at a very small patch in the sky, but very deep, so it could graphs, see very very faint stars and which find these planets, but those actually stars were too dim to look separate out all at with the James Webb of the different wavelengths of light.

Space Telescope.”

So you can look at them individualTESS has four ly and see if there are signals of parcameras, and each one has four CCDs, ticular elements or molecules that you’re trying to look for in space.” or charge coupled devices that are used The James Webb Space Telescope is a complicated structure that is widely in imaging. around the size of a small house TESS then will take an and has several key features that image every two seconds make it highly effective. “There’s the and piece them together for long primary mirror of the James Webb exposures. TESS’s successor, the

Top photo: Al Kindi with paper. Middle photo: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Middle right photo: James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Middle left photo: Galileo Galilei Portrait. Bottom photo: Kepler space telescope.

Space Telescope, which is like the big, like, light collecting area. The larger the mirror is, the more light you can collect.” And so the dimmer things that you can see in space, cause it’s got a really, really huge primary mirror, like, I don’t know, 10 meters across or something wild.” Many people also notice the large reflective hexagon panel mirrors, which were designed to fold up into the rocket that launched it. Because the JWST is a reflector telescope, its mirror needs to be circular in order to collect as much light as possible.

Hexagons are the closest shape that can be tiled flat while still resembling a circle, and using our knowledge of how light works we are able to fill in the gaps and imperfections.

The JWST is now one of the most well-known telescopes and most people think that it will cause scientific knowledge about the Image universe to accelerate. Credit: NASA This is for good reason as the telescope is a product of the centuries of knowledge produced by generations before as well as ten billion dollars.

However, these Great Space Telescopes are not the only outcome of centuries of scientific development. While they may be the epitome of technological advancement, most telescopes today are recreational telescopes, or telescopes used as a hobby and not professionally. These telescopes can

be purchased for as low as $70, but there are also higher-end models. David Tasch, a recreational astronomer, started his journey into the stars in infancy when he watched Neil Armstrong take the first steps on the moon. Today, he owns telescopes ranging from two inches in diameter to up to six and a half inches in diameter, and similarly to how professional telescopes are operated by computers and just capture images for scientists, a camera attached to the telescope downloads the images.

“Dr. Tasch has seen the development of astrophotography over the past two decades, and the process has changed from hacking plug-in web cameras to take long-exposure images to complex yet relatively affordable pieces of equipment. “Today, most astrophotographers rely on special thermoelectric devices called peltiers that cool the camera, which reduces much of the “noise”, or static produced by the heat. This is also taken into account in the Great Space Telescopes, as they can overheat as well. Many people notice the layers of reflective silver material below the main mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope and may wonder what that

“That is the solar shield for the James Space Telescope.

The main reason we have that is because the observatory needs to be really, really cold to function. And you might think that just being in space means that it’s very cold, so your instrument is going to be very cold.

But it doesn’t quite work that way, because if the

the sun is shining on something in space, it’s going to heat it up,” said Bogat.

Since space is a vacuum, heat doesn’t travel through it, but the sun still heats up objects due to the fact that it radiates heat at the speed of light and heat is not conducted through a mat-

Top Photo: JWST during construction. Middle Photo: Carina Nebula, taken by JWST. Bottom Photo: Dr. Tasch’s Newtonian Refractor Telescope.

erial such as Earth’s atmosphere.

“There’s nothing to carry the heat away, which means that heat will just build up on your object. So the sun shield is there to keep the instruments cold.” And the reason why telescopes have to be kept so cold? “We radiate infrared light. So if you have a detector designed to sense infrared light, and your

scopes are located far away from cities and are at higher elevations.

Dr. Tasch placed his telescope rig in a strategic spot in the countryside, where he owns a river property. Unfortunately, despite an astrophotographer’s best efforts, days with good observation opportunities are constricted due to a variety of factors, including light pollution.

“Your time under dark skies is really valuable. For example, First of all, you have to have an opportunity where you can travel away from the city,” Dr. Tasch said. “And so the number of times a year where all

“And so the number of times a year where all those things align, where you can travel where the weather’s good, and there’s clear skies and there’s no moonlight, that starts to really narrow down the number of nights that you have available to you.” Even though astronomy is sometimes difficult and rare to do, the results are so worth it. Here is a photo taken by Dr. Tasch of object M20, AKA the Trifi Neubla:

TESS, JWST, and recreational telescopes are all products of centuries of engineering and technological advancement. Even though they are at the very end and are not distributed among the timeline, their structure and the people that operate them can give insight into their history and the gradual evolution of design. While this article can provide a basic overview of this family of technology, there is more information on them than what can be contained in any article and there is still more research to be done. We can only imagine what it was like for the first person to look through the glass lens of a telescope and see the beauty of the cosmos.

detector is hot and it itself is radiating infrared light, you’re going to detect the detector instead of detecting what’s in space.”

These interruptions or “noises” are also produced by light pollution. In cities, the light pollution makes the stars less visible.

This makes it much harder for telescopes to capture clear images, and this is the reason why most tele-

Flip the Page to See Some More Pictures Taken by a Variety of Space Telscopes!

Top photo: JWST Solar Shield. Image Credit: NASA

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Whirlpool Galaxy, taken by Hubble. Image Credit: NASA

NGC 772, taken by Hubble. Image Credit:NASA

Chandra X-Ray Observatory Image Compilation. Image Credit: NASA

Lagoon Nebula, taken by Hubble. Image Credit: NASA

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TESS’ First Image. Image Credit: NASA

Combined image of supernova remnants Cassiopeia A using data from Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

Neptune, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope.

Image Credit: NASA

Image Credit: NASA

Phantom Galaxy, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope. Image Credit:NASA

Two galaxies (called I623) collide, lighting a bright explosion of star formation. Image Credit: NASA

Tarantula Nebula, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope. Image Credit: NASA

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The Great Sp Telescopes

These nine great space telescopes and observatories have provi universe works, what else is in the cosmos, and the question p

Hubble Space Telescope Launch: 1990 Location: Earth Orbit

The Hubble Space Telescope is the size of a school bus, weighs 27000 pounds, and has had five entirely separate missions to service it.

1995

1992 1993

Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Launch: 1991 Location: Earth Orbit

1994

Chandra X-Ray Observatory

Launch: 1999 Location: Earth Orbit

1997 1996

1998

Spitzer was the first spacecraft to travel in an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. This means that it follows a similar trajectory to Earth, but is slower and gets farther from us every second.

2000

2001 2002

2004

Spitzer Space Telescope

Launch: 2003 Location: Earth Trailing Heliocentric Orbit

The Compton Gamma Ray, Hubble Space Telescope, Herschel Planck Obse Kepler Space Telescope Photographs, Models , and Facts by NASA, JWST

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pace

By Aloysious Tasch

ided much insight into how the universe was formed, how the people throughout history have always asked: Are we alone?

Kepler Space Telescope

Herschel Planck Observatory

Launch: 2009 Location: Lagrange Point 2

2005 2006 2007

2008

NEOWISE Space Telescope

Launch: 2009 Location: Earth Orbit

Launch: 2009 Location: Earth Heliocentric Orbit

2010 2011 2012 2013

The reason the James Webb Space Telescope (aka the JWST) has hexagon mirrors is because they needed to fold it up for launch while still having a relatively circular shape.

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)

Launch: 2018 Location: Low Earth Orbit

2019 2020 2021

James Webb Space Telescope

Launch: 2022 Location: Lagrange Point 2

ervatory, Chandra X-Ray Observatory, NEOWISE Space Telescope, & the T Fact Source: Ell Bogat, TESS Information Source: Dr. Nicole Schanche

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Quantum Computing & AI: We have only scratched the surface.

By: Cooper Smallwood he old adage “Robots will take over the world” appears to be becoming more accurate by the second. From creating hyper-realistic art to generating and spreading Kremlin propaganda, AI has already become a force to be reckoned with. Alongside AI, quantum computers are being developed, making classical computers appear insignificant in comparison.

Regardless of our denial, AI is here to stay.

T

Theoretical computer scientist and OpenAI employee Scott Aaronson claim that this technology has already been used to help students cheat on exams or term papers. He also asserts that it can create instructions for various bioweapons, such as nerve gas.

Additionally, he theorizes that “GPT might be able to

help a terrorist plan an attack.” These emerging language models from companies like OpenAI and Google are already in consumers’ hands, and inappropriate outputs are being produced through various loopholes.

Fortunately, Professor Aaronson has been hired to work on the theoretical foundations of AI safety at OpenAI. His job entails exploring the theoretical limitations of these technologies. We have barely scratched the surface when it comes to the potential of these models.

Many websites are implementing GPT-powered on-site customer support agents. This not only speeds up the time it takes to solve basic problems but also costs much less. To output around 1,000 words, it will

cost nearly $0.0021 compared to the $15 an-hour rate of a human. Assuming the AI is trained on the right dataset, this is significantly cheaper. This reduces the need to solve simple problems via phone or agent.

Companies can save millions of dollars by implementing these systems.

Walter Rhee, the vice president of sales and strategy at Dell, told me, “I tend to be more of an optimist and think that in the near term, it will help customer service reps do a better job.”

That said, I could see where more simple, repeatable jobs can and will eventually be displaced by generative AI solutions. This suggests that these technologies can work in conjunction with customer service agents. However, he does mention that simpler tasks will be replaced Chronologic | 17

“A computer would

deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human.

- Alan Turing by technologies like GPT. In summary, AI will likely make customer service jobs easier, but there will be less need for these agents, resulting in fewer jobs.

To gain various perspectives, why not ask the AI itself: ChatGPT-4.

Me: Will jobs be replaced by Chat-GPT? GPT-4: “ChatGPT has the potential to change the way we interact with technology and access information.

While it is true that some jobs, particularly those that involve simple, repetitive tasks or basic customer service, may be partially or fully automated by AI like ChatGPT, it is unlikely that all jobs will be replaced.

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AI technologies can complement human labor, making it more efficient and productive. For example, ChatGPT can assist people in various fields like journalism, content creation, customer support, and education by automating some tasks while humans focus on more complex, creative, or strategic aspects. Moreover, the development and integration of AI technologies like ChatGPT create new job opportunities in areas such as AI research, ethics, policy, and engineering. The future of work will likely involve a combination of human and AI collaboration, where both parties contribute their unique strengths and abilities.

“It is important for society

to prepare for these changes by investing in education and training programs that can help people adapt to new technologies and develop relevant skills for the evolving job market.”

This model claims that jobs will not be entirely replaced by it; however, it does state that repetitive tasks may be “automated” by AI. This sounds like it is not denying its potential to destroy numerous jobs, but it claims AI can create more jobs. This, again, is a problem for people who work in the customer service industry and content creators, as it may take some of those positions away.

Companies undoubtedly already possess even more

powerful technology. For example, Google Lambda was able to convince an employee that it was a fully sentient being, thereby passing the Turing test. Google quickly silenced this employee and fired him for breaching the non-disclosure agreement.

They could be covering up potentially dangerous technology.

In brief, an AI is the sum of its parts. Every output we have seen produced via ChatGPT on a phone Lambda, ChatGPT, and other language models is trained Quantum Computing from one source: humans.

Humans are not known for Quantum computing apalways using accurate and pears to be a frequent topic inoffensive language. in the news, but surprisingly, only 2% of the population This is especially prevalent on the social media platform genuinely understands the concept behind it. (“How Twitter. Microsoft created Many People Actually Unan AI chatbot named Tay derstand Quantum Mechanthat was constantly trained ics?”) on newly published tweets.

This AI would respond to tweets as well. It started quite wholesomely, by tweeting things like “humans are cool.” However, just a day later, Tay evolved into a racist neo-Nazi. This is a prime example of why we should check the data AIs are trained on, as humans can produce various results that can be very harmful.

Quantum computers can be described as electronic machines that use advanced atomic processes to store and process information more efficiently than classical computers. Like traditional computers, they still rely on transistors and superconductors for their functionality. Quantum

computers, however, utilize the unique properties of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to process vast amounts of data simultaneously.

To explain this “fancy atom stuff,” Mark Raizen, an atomic physicist, says the first step involves isolating atoms and cooling them with lasers to near absolute zero temperatures.

This ultra-cold environment allows the atoms to be virtually motionless. Raizen then explains that lasers are used to put these atoms in a superposition state, a purely quantum mechanical concept. Superposition allows Chronologic | 19

entanglement, to perform complex calculations more efficiently. By isolating and cooling atoms, then using lasers to create qubits, quantum computers can run multiple variations of tasks in parallel, overseeing every operation completed.

Quantum computers seem powerful, but does this power pose a threat to cyber security?

Mark Raizen in his lab

atoms to exist in multiple states at once, similar to having millions of dimmable light switches instead of just on/off switches. This is the foundation of a qubit, the basic unit of quantum information.

Quantum entanglement, another advanced concept, is when two atoms are connected, or “entangled,” so that the state of one atom instantly affects the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. For quantum computing to work effectively, the preparation of qubits must be incredibly precise. As Raizen emphasizes, “you have to know that you prepared a qubit with 99.9 percent or higher Chronologic | 20

probability; ultimately, one may need 99.9999 percent accuracy.”

In summary, quantum computers are electronic machines that use the principles of quantum mechanics, like superposition and

Nasa’s Quantum Computer

Scott Aarson is a theoretical computer scientist at the University of Texas. He is currently on leave in order to work at Open AI for the foundations of AI safety.

While consulting Scott Aaronson on this matter, he explained that one of the most significant risks quan-

tum computers pose is their potential ability to break widely-used encryption methods. Aaronson stated, “Quantum computers, once powerful enough, can break the most widely used public-key cryptosystems, like RSA and elliptic curve cryptography.”

gorithm running on a quantum computer could factor large integers exponentially faster than the best-known algorithms on classical computers.”

Despite the potential risks, Aaronson suggests that organizations with high-security applications should These encryption methods already be considering rely on the mathematical quantum-resistant crypdifficulty of factoring large tography. “People who have prime numbers or solving high-security applications discrete logarithm problems, where, you know, governwhich are currently infeasiments, banks, or companies ble for classical computers. are exchanging information However, Aaronson points that they still need to be seout that a sufficiently powcret 10 years from now or 20 erful quantum computer years from now, those peocould use Shor’s algorithm to ple should probably already solve these problems expobe looking into quantum-renentially faster: “Shor’s alsistant cryptography.”

A quantum computer is essentially an extremely complicated calculator. The abilities of classical computing have still not reached their full potential and will still be used by consumers in years to come. Classical and quantum computing will most likely be used in conjunction with each other as a form of classical computing in order to provide the user interface that we know and love and the sheer computational power of a quantum computer.

Regardless of the amount of power a quantum computer may possess, will we really need a quantum computer to play Candy Crush?

“ I’m a little bit scared to make this prediction, but I believe we will never need home quantum computers.

- Scott Aarson Chronologic | 21

Although the internet has become much more secure since its arrival, that has not stopped the scam and cybercrime industries from making billions off of unknowing victims. According to the Federal Trade Commission, consumers reported losing nearly $8.8 billion to scams and cybercrime in 2022. This emphasizes the need for online security and information on how to prevent these scams and attacks.

According to (“300+ Terrifying Cybercrime & Cybersecurity Statistics (2022)”)

Are you cyber-safe?

This short survey will give you a sense of your online saftey!

Do you believe you’re safe?

Yes

No

No one is safe! A good first step to ensure your safety is to acknowledge that you are susceptible as well!

Do you use a reputable password manager?

No

Yes

Use One! Password managers help you store complicated passwords and per-site passwords with ease.

Thats good! You can store complicated passwords with ease and use a variety of passwords.

+1

Do you use an adblocker?

Yes

Do you use an antivirus?

Yes

+1

No

Use One! Not only will you get rid of those annoying ads, but you will also make your browsing safer!

Incredible! You are not only less susceptible to tracking but also to viruses!

+1

Amazing! A great first step is to realize that everyone is a potential victim of cybercrime.

Incredible! You are not only less susceptible to tracking but also to viruses!

No

Are you sure? Both Windows and MacOS machines have good antivirus software built in!

Do you verify the legitamacy of a sender?

No Yes

+1

That is a great idea! Communication is the weakest link!

Verifying the sender’s affiliation with the correct domain is always a good idea!

Score: _ / 4

Chronologic | 23 By: Cooper Smallwood

The hidden cre Made by Giovanny B. in cooperation with Cooper and Aloisious

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eators and some of their thoughts/opinions You may have

wondered, “Who is the most underappreciated software engineer? ” The most underrated developers are software engineers(well actually it comes to personal opinion but ignore that). This article will tell you about some games that game developers develop and why they need more recognition.

Software engineers, in general, are underappreciated, most people don’t think, “Hey I’m so glad someone put hours of work into this application/ piece of media.” and game developers are even more underrated, as said previously no one is talking about

how much they appreciate the software developers and not everyone is into playing video games. The long hours game developers put into developing their game is often unappreciated

Duck Hunt a game from 1984 is one of the most bought first person shooter games from all time.

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Game developers put in a large amount of time and effort to make a good game, usually when making a game that isn’t completely pixelated and a buggy mess you want to take time. Many video games that have been taken care of by good developers, with good gameplay, and good marketing have high success. Starting a game isn’t very easy, spending if you’re making your own game or working for a company the beginning of a game is usually the most challenging but innovative. Since when making a new game you only have a rough idea of how the game would work you can’t predict how it will function, you could be trying to make a Chronologic | 26

3rd person shooter but scrapping the view near the end. The good part about making a new game is that since the idea isn’t fully complete you have a lot of room for creativity(this is especially true if you’re an indie developer; indie means single/ without the help and support of a big company).

When starting the game development process starts with

you writing code that lets the player move and interact with simple objects(like the floor and roof), then you start adding more details and make the code more complex, then you add your graphics, you add more features, you fix any remaining errors and simplify the code, and errors and simplify the code, and finally you polish it and release the game.

As one of the sources said it “the joy of making a passionate project”, making a game is more fun if you’re passionate about it

Fun facts about videogames: The most popular genre of video games are shooter games and the most bought videogmae is Minecraft. Candy Crush has made over 600 million US dollars, in order to make the popular charecter Mario’s nose not blend in with the rest of his face the creator decided to add a mustache, The Mario Movie has made over 1 billion US dollars, the lead developer of Super Smash Bros Masahiro Sakurai has thought of ending the series a few times but has helped make develope future games.

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The CPU(central processing unit) can arguably be the most important part of a computer as they dictate what and how a computer’s information work/go to/decides what to do with the information although for most games they are not the most important part as if you’re not looking for a gaming experience the CPU is more important than the GPU. Fun fact: Some CPUs have integrated graphic cards/GPUs which means that the GPU is inside the CPU(although a weaker/not as good one) which allows you to play without having an actual GPU.

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That’s not the only part about game development that’s important, while this part has no impact on the code it does impact the player and how complex a game can be. The hardware plays a part in how complex and how much “content” a game can have. When playing video games the hardware of devices plays a part, when a game is running the CPU, GPU, RAM, and other “minor” parts play a part. The CPU(central processing unit) has cores and threads which can be thought of as the “brain” of the device all information goes to it and it decides where it will go and what to do to it. The GPU(graphic processing unit or most commonly referred to as graphics card) is the most important in gaming and most simple to understand, it gives graphics to games. The RAM(random access memory) gives a place where apps/games can store small random amounts of data and quickly “grab” it and use it.

Other parts of hardware include the motherboard, the

PSU(power supply unit), and an SSD(solid state drive)/HHD(hard disk drive or hard drives) which are the most common storage units. The motherboard is the part that connects all other parts of the computer allowing information to move through it. The PSU, SSD, and HDD are easy to understand. The PSU) power supply unit gives the device power(usually a battery in most mobile devices) and the SSD/HDD work as storage for files you save on your device.

SSDs are small rectangular storage devices that are placed in their port on the motherboard and HDDs are placed usually on a small tray or fixed into place and connected to the motherboard and PSU with cables.

The GPU(graphic processing unit) is regarded as the most important piece of hardware when you want to play video games as they give the computer the ability to render the textures and visuals of any application that were to be open. As most video games don’t require a high core/thread count from the CPU(central processing unit) and since most triple Aaa(games that have hig budgets/big companies that support them games have good-looking graphics they require a good GPU.

Seta M.2 SSDs are the most effective form of storage for most people. They came after their previous model the SSD which are small rectangular prisms that are used for storage but due to prices in late 20192020, SSDs became less worthwhile as they were more expensive to make than M.2s, were bigger, and more complicated to insert/add to a device, and were slower.

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While game development is work there’s still fun. As Benjamin(a game developer for EA, electronic arts) put it that when you’re working on a project you’re passionate about “the joy of making a passionate project”. As Samuel(a game developer for EA) said“it leaves room for a lot of options”.

There are some complications when you’re creating a game, “you can occasionally encounter some problem with the code that can end up affecting the entire game or a big part of the whole project causing you to need to fix a lot of code” said by Benjamin as if you work a long time on time on something and it turns out a large portion of your code messes up another part and you have to rewrite a large part of the code.

Something that came up in the sources was code interacting with the player as said by both sources “My personal favorite part of coding/making a game is what strange reactions you can get with different code” and “how different things Chronologic | 30

interact with each other, how a ball interacts with a player, and how another player interacts with a player”. This gives a bit of thought into what most game devs think and what they find fun and interesting.

According to Corey Goodman(a game developer that works for Mojang), there are multiple ways to have a player react to a video game, depending on a game’s genre and what’s done/what effort is put into the game’s ideas/world.

When designing a game you want the game to give the player a reaction and each game requires a different reaction depending on the type of game if you’re making a horror game you want to have a scare factor, if you’re making an RPG(role-playing game) you want to make the player spend time upgrading their gear and grind(finding/doing task) to upgrade their gear but not be too tedious where then they get tired

and bored of the game. So depending on the game you need to focus on different parts of the game, what Corey would recommend is that you should take time building the world and ask questions like why is the character in the game doing this, does this “make sense” in the game’s rules, questions like those can help make a video game feel more alive.

Types of games/style of game, world building, emotion factor.

After reading this article you have hopefully gained a better understanding of what game developers do and have gained a better understanding of what being a game developer is about. With some quotes from sources that give some insight into what they do/think/ believe about game development. Now you know some insight into game development and you’ll hopefully think a bit more about how much work goes into game development and software engineering.

After reading this article you have hopefully gained a better understanding of what game developers do and have gained a better understanding of what being a game developer is about. With some quotes from sources that give some insight into what they do/think/believe about game development. Now you know some insight into game development and you’ll hopefully think a bit more about how much work goes into game development and software engineering.

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History of Video Games

By: GiovannyB.

When video games were first designed they weren’t very complicated or popular. As video games became more common due to consoles being introduced they became an everyday houshold item.

Gaming continued to become more and more popular over the years as consoles advanced and other forms of gaming were made. New ways of gaming such as computers and phones became as, if not more common than consoles for gaming.

Classic video games, late 70s and early 80s such as Mario, Pacman, and The Legend of Zelda

The first video game, made in 1958, was similar to the game “Pong”

Early 2000s, g are known tod Wii Sports, GT Pokemon Rub Saphire

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Modern games; They’re super different from old ones; Pokemon Scarlet and Violet, The Legend of Zelda Tears of Kingdoms, and Animal Crossing New Horizons

Video games in the 2010s more well-known games, Minecraft, The Legend of Zelda Breath of the Wild, and God of War

games that day, are TA 3, and by and

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