Know HTLV: scientific hobbies

Larissa Melo Bandeira

Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro

Marco Antonio Moreira Puga

Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi

KNOW

HTLV S E I B B O H C I F SCIENTI

Larissa Melo Bandeira

Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro

Marco Antonio Moreira Puga

Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi

KNOW

HTLV S E I B B O H C I F SCIENTI

Reitor Marcelo Augusto Santos Turine Vice-Reitora Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Conselho Editorial da obra: Alda Maria Teixeira Ferreira Inês Aparecida Tozetti Thalita Bachelli Riul Obra aprovada pelo CONSELHO EDITORIAL DA UFMS Resolução nº 64-COED/AGECOM/UFMS, DE 27 DE AGOSTO DE 2021.

Conselho Editorial Rose Mara Pinheiro (presidente) Ana Rita Coimbra Motta de Castro Além-Mar Bernardes Gonçalves Alessandra Regina Borgo Antonio Conceição Paranhos Filho Antonio Hilario Aguilera Urquiza Cristiano Costa Argemon Vieira Delasnieve Miranda Daspet de Souza Elisângela de Souza Loureiro Elizabete Aparecida Marques Geraldo Alves Damasceno Junior Marcelo Fernandes Pereira Maria Ligia Rodrigues Macedo Rosana Cristina Zanelatto Santos Vladimir Oliveira da Silveira

Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Diretoria de Bibliotecas – UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil)

____________________________________________________________________________ Know HTLV [recurso eletrônico] : scientific hobbies / Larissa Melo Bandeira ... [et al.]. – Campo Grande, MS : Ed. UFMS, 2021.

Dados de acesso: https://repositorio.ufms.br ISBN 978-65-86943-79-5 1. Infecções por HTLV. 2. Infecções por HTLV – Diagnóstico. 3. Passatempos. I. Bandeira, Larissa Melo. II. Título.

CDD (23) 616.918 _________________________________________________________________________________ Bibliotecária responsável: Jakeline de Souza Costa – CRB 1/3090

Larissa Melo Bandeira Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro Marco Antonio Moreira Puga Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi

KNOW

HTLV S E I B B O H C I F SCIENTI Campo Grande - MS 2021

© Autores: Larissa Melo Bandeira Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro Marco Antonio Moreira Puga Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi 1ª edição: 2021 Projeto Gráfico, Editoração Eletrônico: Larissa Melo Bandeira - Canva Revisão: A revisão linguística e ortográfica é de responsabilidade dos autores Direitos exclusivos para esta edição

Secretaria da Editora UFMS - SEDIT/AGECOM/UFMS Av. Costa e Silva, s/no - Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande - MS, 79070-900 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Fone: (67) 3345-7203 e-mail: sedit.agecom@ufms.br Editora associada à

ISBN: Versão digital: Abril de 2021

WHAT IS HTLV?

HTLV is an abbreviation for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus.

This name is because it attacks T lymphocytes, a type of cell that acts in defense of the organism.

WORLDWIDE, IT IS ESTIMATED THAT 5-10 MILLION PEOPLE ARE INFECTED WITH HTLV-1.

HTLV ≠ HIV - DESPITE BEING FROM THE SAME FAMILY, THEY ARE DIFFERENT VIRUSES AND THEIR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ARE DIFFERENT.

This virus is present all over the world!

TYPES OF HTLV: HTLV-1

1st human pathogenic retrovirus discovered. HTLV-1 infection is associated with neurological diseases and lymphomas.

HTLV-2

Lower prevalence in general population

HTLV-3 and HTLV-4

Most recently discovered in a small number of people in Africa

VIRUS BIOLOGY

100-140 nm

RNA

How was it discovered?

1980

1982

HTLV-1

1st isolated retrovirus From a patient with a rare type of leukemia.

Its origin is associated with simian T cell lymphotropic virus type 1.

A second type was isolated: HTLV-2 HTLV was identified in a patient with adult T cell leukemia.

1985 2005

HTLV-1 was associated with neurodegenerative disorders known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Two new types have been described, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4.

TRANSMISSION It can occur through: Sexual intercourse activities without condom use.

Mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and predominantly through breastfeeding.

Blood contact, including the transfusion of infected cellular products or sharing of injecting equipment.

Many countries currently perform screening for HTLV-1/2 antibodies in blood donors, therefore the risk of transfusion-transmitted infection practically does not exist in these countries.

PREVENTION The main way to avoid HTLV transmission is information!

Use a condom during sexual intercourse.

Do not share syringe, needle, nail pliers, razor blade, or any other sharp or piercing object with anyone.

In endemic areas, it is very important to perform serologic screening for HTLV-1/2 infection in prenatal care and advise HTLVpositive mothers to refrain from breastfeeding.

Provide an alternative nutritional supply as a substitute for breast milk for HTLV infected mothers.

SYMPTOMS Normally, after infection, HTLV proviral genome is integrated into the host cell genome.

Therefore, most HTLV-1 infected individuals remain lifelong asymptomatic carriers. After a long latent period, only 1 to 5% of infected people will show symptoms.

The main diseases associated with HTLV-1 infection are: HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM / TSP) Chronic neurological disease.

The patient has weakness in the legs and can stay in the wheelchair.

Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) A type of blood cell cancer.

What are the symptoms of HTLV-1 infection?

Uveitis Dry mouth Dermatitis / skin lesions

HAM/TSP

Thyroiditis Swollen glands (armpits and neck) Nephritis (Inflammation in the kidneys) Myositosis / Muscle weakness / Paralysis in the legs Pain in the joints

Leukemia / lymphoma Anemia / weight loss

DIAGNOSIS Firstly, the diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection is based on screening for HTLV-1/2 antibodies by immunoassays.

If the test is positive in the screening, it is necessary to retest with a confirmatory test: a Western blot or molecular assays named Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

tREATMENT To date, there is no treatment to eliminate HTLV from the infected organism. It is only possible to treat symptoms caused by HTLV infection. Early diagnosis is very important to avoid worsening symptoms and to make treatment more effective.

Unfortunately, many carriers don´t know they are infected and can transmit the virus to others, including their family members.

Even with a large number of people infected, the lack of information about this infection leads to the neglect of the virus and its associated diseases.

There is no vaccine or specific treatment. Therefore, the best way to control the spread of infection and prevent contagion is PREVENTION.

th 10

November World HTLV Day

This date was instituted to sensitize about the ways of transmission and prevention and the need for improvements in the care of patients with the infection.

HTLV is a silent infection. Do the test.

GAMES Take the population to two ways to prevent HTLV infection.

Condom use

Health education

Prevent new infections. Protect next generations

GAMES st

Fill in with the 1 letter of each picture

All together in the fight against HTLV.

GAMES Find possible diseases associated with HTLV-1

GAMES

Solutions