Media july final

(1)

Pqsse 2016

(2)

Pqsse 2016

(3)

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pqsse 2016 l ]pkvXIw 4 l e°w 12 l hne `20

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

FUnt‰mdnb¬ kulrZhe°ÆnIfnhnjw ]pc´p∂h¿

04 06

30

Looking Back on DD7 Chaitali Dasgupta and Saswati Guhathakurta Shoma A. Chatterji

tPm¿Un tPm¿÷v

33

"ho≠pw hfbWn™v {_n´≥' Journalism in the time of Social media

09

Jeemon Jacob

lntcmjnabpsS Hm¿Ω: hn¬{^Uv _q¿®‰v

12

F≥.-]n.-B¿ Of Cultural Imperialism and Autonomy J. V. Vil’anilam

Ip´n∏{XßfpsS Iq´pImc≥

sI. ]n. H. dlvaØp√

37

41

]n. kpPmX≥

kmlnXyØnse \h[mcIfpw amdp∂ hmb\°mcpw

15

kn. cm[mIrjvW≥ Online Journalism: Methods, Diversity and Ethics Roy Mathew

20

]{X{]h¿Ø\Øn\p ssienam‰w

27

Memories that haunt

45

A°mZan hm¿ØIƒ

48

Bookshelf

49

temIw I≠ hc

50

s{^bnw s^bnw

51

sI. F¬. taml\h¿Ω Pqsse 2016

(4)

ap≥hm-Xn¬

amdnadnbp∂ am[yakwkvImcw ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

\

Editor Sergy Antony Editorial Board V.V. Dakshinamoorthy K.C. Rajagopal George Podippara

Printer & Publisher A. Abdul Hakkim Co ordinating Editor K.R. Pramod Kumar Marketing In Charge Shainus Markose Design & Layout Chetana Media, Kottayam Address ‘Media’ Kerala Media Academy Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030 Phone: 0484 2422275 Email : kmamedia2015@gmail.com mediamag.kma@gmail.com Website: www.keralamediaacademy.org Pqsse 2016

h-am-[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]c-º-cm-KXam[y-a-tem-Ihpw s]mXp-kaq-lhpw ]e-t∏mgpw ]e Bi-¶-Ifpw ]¶p-h-bv°m-dp≠v. temI]ptcmK-Xn-bpsS IpXn-∏p-Iƒ krjvSn°p∂ A\n-hm-cy-amb am‰-߃ Dƒs°m≈p- I - b mWp ]cn- j v I rXkaq- l - ß - s f√mw sNøm- d p- ≈ Xv . A]- c njv I rXkaq- l - ß fpw ]n¥n- c n- ∏ - ∑ mcpw ISpØ bmYm- ÿ n- X n- I cpw hc´pXØz-hm-Zn-I-fp-sams° CØcw am‰-ß-tfmSp Nne-t∏m-sgms° ]pdw-Xn-cn™p \nev°m-dp≠v. F∂m¬ Ime-Øns‚ am‰w A\n-hm-cyam-°p∂ CØcw IpXn-∏p-Iƒ°p ap∂n¬ ]I-®p-\nev°p-∂-hcpw XS -hmZw D∂-bn-°p-∂-hcpw ]n¥-≈-s∏-Sp-I-bmWp ]Xnhv. AXp am‰nsb-Sp-°m≥ Ah¿°p ]ns∂ Gsd t¢in-t°-≠n- hcpw. \h-am-[y-a-ßsf D]-tbm-Kn®v kmaqly kº¿°w hf-sc-tbsd sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-®n-´p≠v. AXp P\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ KpW-]-c-amb ]e am‰-ßfpw hcp-Øn-bn-´p-ap≠v. F∂m¬, kao-]-Im-eØp \h-am-[ya-ßsf Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ Ip∂pIq-Sp∂p. cmPy-c£ - b - v°p- t]mepw A]-IS- I - c - a - mb \ne-bn-te°v AXns‚ Zpcp-]-tbmKw hf¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. temI-k-aq-l-Øn¬ `oXnbpw Akz-ÿXbpw A]-I-S-km-[y-Xbpw hf¿Øp∂ Nne {]h-W-X-Ifpw CXn-eqsS {]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. `oIc{]h¿Ø-\-߃°p \h-am-[y-a-ßsf ka¿Yambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. ]cn-lmkt{Smfp-Iƒ ]e-t∏mgpw A]-IS- I - c - a - mb Xam-iI - f - mbn amdp∂p≠v. Ah \nb-{¥n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ {ia-߃ Bcw-`n-®n-´p≠v. h\n-XIsf ]cn-lk - n-°p-Ibpw A]-am-\n-°p-Ib - pw s - N-øp∂ ]cn-lmkt{SmfpIsf \nb-{¥n-°m≥ \nbaw sIm≠p-h-cp-sa∂p tI{µ h\nXm inipt£aa{¥n ta\Im Km‘n CubnsS ]d-bp-Ib - p-≠mbn. A]-am-\I - c - a - mb CØcw t{Smfp-Iƒ B¿s°-Xntc-bm-bmepw \nb-{¥n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - p-Xs - ∂. sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØp \h-am-[y-a-߃ Gsd D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏Sp-∂p≠v. ]W-s®-ehp Ipd-bv°m\pw CXp Iptd-sbms° klm-b-IamWv. F∂m¬ C°-gn™ s]mXp-sX-c-s™-Sp-∏nepw thms´-Sp-∏nt\mSSpØ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ \h-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS henb tXmXn¬ {]NmcWw \S∂p. Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw ÿm\m¿Yn-Iƒ°p t\tc-bp≈ hy‡n]-ca - mb Btcm-]W - ß - ƒ Db¿Øp-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p. hymP-{]-kvXm-h\ - I - fpw Fsd ]c∂p. \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS {]Nm-c-W-km-[y-X-Iƒ Cßs\ ]et∏mgpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp≠v. AXp-≠m-°p∂ £X-߃ hy‡n-Isf am{X-a√, kaq-l-sØbpw tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n°pw. \h-am-[y-aß - f - psS kzm[o\w BtKmfXe-Øn¬ Gsd N¿® sNøs∏-´Xv CuPn-]v‰nepw SpWo-jy-bnepw en_n-bb - n-ep-sams° D≠mb P\m[n-]Xy{]t£m-`-ß-fpsS Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p. P\-hn-Imcw `c-W-Iq-S-ßfpsS XI¿®-bv°p -t]mepw hgn-Xp-d-°m-dp-s≠-¶nepw \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS \n¿Wm-b-I-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Ahn-S-ß-fn-ep-≠mbn F∂Xp hnkvacn-°m-\m-In√. Zu¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂p ]d-bs´, B cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xnepw

(5) Cu am‰Øns‚ KpW-^-e-߃ ]n∂oSp Imcy-ambn ImWm-\m-bn√. kndn-bbnepw a‰pw \mfp-I-fmbn \o≠p\nev°p∂ t]mcm-´ß - ƒ°p ]n∂n¬ \h-am-[y-aß - ƒ°p Imcy-amb ]¶p-s≠∂p Icp-Xp-∂n√.

ASn-b¥ - c - m-hÿ - ° - m-eØp \h-am-[y-aß - ƒ t]mbn´v sSen-hn-j≥ t]mepw cmPyØp {]Np-c{- ]-Nm-cØ - n-em-bn-cp∂n√. F∂n´pw Cµn-cm-Km-‘n°p henb ]cm-Pbw hmßns°m-Sp-ØXp P\-ßf - psS ImtXmSp ImtXm-ca - p≈ {]Nmc-Wa - m-bn-cp∂p. ]{X-ßf - n¬\n-∂p t- ]mepw A∂p hnh-c߃ In´m≥ am¿K-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. Hcp-]t£, ]{X-߃ hmbn-°m-Øh - c - m-bn-cp∂p A∂p `c-WsØ XqsØ-dn™ ]mh-s∏´ thm´¿am-cn¬ `qcn-]£ - hpw. aq∂p aq∂c ]Xn-‰m≠p Ign-™-t∏mƒ ÿnXn BsI amdn. Ign™ temIvk`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏ntamZn-°p-≠mb h≥hnP-b-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ \h-am-[y-ßfpsS hym]-I-amb D]-tbm-K-ap-≠mbn. AXp hnP-bØn\pw {][m\ tlXp-hmbn. c≠pw \S∂ kml-N-cy߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ am[y-a-ß-fpsS Icp-Øn-s\°p-dn®pw kmwK-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®p-sams° hyXy-kvX-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifp≠mImw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ B[p-\nItemI-Ønse- \-ha - m-[ya-߃ Kuc-hX - c - a - mb Bi-bh - n-\n-ab - tØ-°mƒ IqSpX-embn bph-ka - q-lsØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ Nne IuXp-Ißfpw ck-Ic - a - mb Nne ssIam-de - p-If - p-ambn efn-Xh - XvI-cn-°-s∏-´p-t]mtbm F∂p kwi-bn-°p-∂-h¿ GsdbmWv. t^kv_p°pw Szn‰-dp-sams° ]c-kv]cmi-bh - n-\na-bØ - n\p thKX Iq´n-sb-¶nepw AXns‚ ^esa¥mWv? KpW-]c - a - mb F¥p am‰-amWv AXv Bi-bh - n-\n-ab - Ø - nhcp-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv? X]m-en-eq-sS-bp≈ IØ-bb - ° v epw a‰v CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw C√m-Xm-bn-h-cp∂p F∂Xp icn-Xs∂.

F∂m¬ Bi-bh - n-\n-abØns‚ Bgw Ipd-™p-hc - p-∂psh-∂Xpw bmYm¿Yy-amWv. bp Syq-_n-eq-sSbpw a‰pw C∂p ssIam‰w sNøs∏- S p∂ Imcy- ß ƒ F{X- a m{Xw {]tbm- P - \ - { ]ZamsW∂Xpw AXp IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Iuam-c-°m-cp-sSbpw bph-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cnI-]ptcm-KX - nt°m _p≤n-]c - a - mb hnI-k\ - Ø - nt\m F{Xam{Xw klm-bI - a - mIpsa∂Xpw Gd-°psd F√m-h¿°pw t_m[y- a p≠v . A]v t emUv sNø- s ∏- S p- ∂ - h - b psS _mlpeyw aqew ]e¿°pw samss_¬ Xmsg-h-bv°m≥ t]mepw km[n-°p-∂n√. Chn-sS-sbms° Nne kzbw \nb-{¥-W-߃ Xo¿®-bmbpw Bh-iy-amWv. P\m-[n-]XycmPy-amb C¥y-bn¬ kzmX{¥yw

F∂Xp \ΩpsS Poh-hm-bp-hm-sW-¶n¬ AXp \jvSs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ bmsXmcp HØp-Xo¿∏pw \ap°p _m[- I - a m- I n√. F∂m¬, kaqlyam[y- a - ß sf am‰n\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw C\n Akm[y-sa-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-tb-≠n-hcpw. AhnsS s]mXp-kzm-X{¥yhpw hy‡n-kzm-X-{¥yhpw l\n-°-s∏-S-cp-Xv. kmaqlyam[y- a - ß - f psS ]cn- a n- X n- I - f n- √ mØ hn\ymkw `c-W-Iq-S-߃°p henb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Db¿Øp- ∂ p≠v . Ijv a o- c n¬ Ct∏mƒ AXp \mw ImWp∂p. AhnsS \h-am-[y-aß - ƒ°p am{X-a√, ]c-ºcm-KXam[y-aß - ƒ°p- t]mepw kzX-{¥-ambn {]h¿Øn°m-\m-Ip-∂n√. ]{X-߃ t]mepw {]kn-≤o-I-cWw \n¿Øn-hb - vt°-≠n-h∂p. C‚¿s\‰v IW-Ivj≥ hnt—Zn-°s∏-´p. Nne {]tXyIkml-Nc - y-ßf - n¬ CsXms° Bh-iy-am-sW∂p `c-WI - qSw hmZn-°p-tºmgpw F¥mWv CØ- c - s amcp kml- N - c y- Ø n- t e°p kwÿm- \ sØ FØn-®s - X-∂X - n\pw DØcw \¬tI-≠Xp-≠v.

P\m-[n-]Xyw kwc-£n-°m≥ am{X-a√, kºp-jvSam- ° m\pw \h- a m- [ y- a - ß ƒ D]- t bm- K n- ° - s ∏- S Ww. kmwkv I m- c n- I - a mb D∂- a - \ - Ø n\v \h- a m- [ y- a - ß ƒ D]tbm- K n- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ n- s √- ¶ n¬ AXp kmap- Z mbnIkv]¿[ hf¿Øm\pw A]-hm-Z-߃ {]N-cn-∏n°m\pw Bi¶ h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw am{X-ap≈ D]-I-c-Wam-Ipw. CØ-c-samcp kml-Ncyw \h-am-[ya temIØv D≠m- ° m≥ BcmWp {ian- t °- ≠ Xv? BcmWp ap≥ssIsbSp-t°-≠Xv? \h-am-[y-a-ßsf ]e-t∏mgpw ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-aß-fpsS `mK-ambn Nne-sc¶nepw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m-dp≠v.

F∂m¬ AXp icn-bmtWm? ]{X-ßfpw Zriy-am-[y-aßfpw \yqkv t]m¿´-ep-I-fp-sams° {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw B¿°pw Fhn-tS°pw hnh-c-߃ ssIam-dm-hp∂ \h-am-[y-a-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ henb A¥cw \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp≠v.

Hcp]t£ \h-am-[y-a-߃ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p hnh-c-߃ e`y-am-Ip∂ \yqkv tkmgvkmbn amdmw. ]cº-cm-KXhm¿Øm Dd-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p hy-Xy-kvX-ambn hnh- c - ß - f psS Ie- h d Xs∂ Ahn- s S- b p- ≠ mIpw. F∂m¬ AXn¬ bYm¿Yhm¿Ø GXm- s W∂pw AXn¬ Fs¥ms°- b mWp s]mXp- k - a q- l - Ø n\p ]I¿∂p \¬tI- ≠ - s X- ∂ p- a p- ≈ - X n- c n- ® - d n- h mWp {][m\w. B Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ am[y-a[¿aw \n¿h-ln-°p-tºm-gmWp bmYm¿Y am[y-a{- ]-h¿Ø\-Øns‚ A¥x-kØ kwc-£n-°m-\mIpI.

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan `c-W-k-anXn AwK-߃ sNb¿am≥: sk¿Pn B‚Wn (Zo-]n-I), sshkv sNb¿am≥: sI.-kn. cmP-tKm-]m¬ (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a) AwK-߃: hn. hna¬ Ipam¿ (am-Xr-`q-an), ]n.-kn. sk_m-Ãy≥ (am-[y-aw), Fw. cLp-\mYv (tZ-im-`n-am-\n), Fkv. _nPp (G-jym-s\‰v \yqkv), F≥.-]n. Pnjm¿ (ao-Unb h¨), ]n.-hn. N{µ≥ (am-Xr-`q-an), Zo]p chn (tI-cf Iuap-Zn), ^m. t_m_n AeIvkv aÆw-πm-°¬ (Zo-]n-I), km_p h¿Kokv (aw-K-fw), hn.-hn. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn (tZ-im-`n-am-\n), a[p B¿. _me-Ir-jvW≥ (tI-c-f-i-_vZw), Pb¥v amΩ≥ amXyp (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a), sI. am[-h≥ (G-jym-s\‰v \yqkv), t__n amXyp (Po-h≥ Snhn), sNdp-Ic kÆn eqt°mkv (tI-c-f-i-_vZw), tPmkv ]\-®n-∏pdw (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a), tPm¿÷v s]mSn-∏md (am-Xr-`q-an), te_n kPo-{µ≥ (am-Xr-`qan \yqkv), _nhn≥ ]o‰¿ (P-bvlnµv Snhn), chn Un.-kn. (Un.-kn. _pIvkv), Zo]Iv [¿ΩSw (A-arX Snhn), {iotZhn ]n≈ (a-t\m-ca \yqkv), sk{I-´dn (^n-\m≥kv), sk{I-´dn (C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), Ub-d-IvS¿ (C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), saº¿ sk{I-´dn: sI. Pn. kt¥mjv.

Pqsse 2016

(6)

kulrZh-e-°-Æn-I-fn¬

hn-jw -]p-c-´p-∂h¿ tPm¿Un tPm¿Pv

tem-

I-Øn-se G-Xp hn-h-chpw hn-c¬-Øp-ºnem-sW-∂v Aev]w A-l-¶m-c-tØm-sSX-s∂ \-ap-°n∂p ]-d-bmw. A-{X-bv-°p-≠v C‚¿-s\-‰n-s‚ hym-]\w. tem-I-Øn-se ]-Ip-Xn-t∏-cnepw C‚¿-s\-‰v F-Øn-°gn™p. AXn-s\m-∏w \-h-am-[y-a-ß-fmb Hm¨-sse≥ ]-{X߃, tªm-KpIƒ, hn-°nIƒ, hoUntbm sK-bn-apIƒ, km-aq-ln-I -am-[y-a-߃ F-∂n-h-sb√mw ]-S¿-∂pI-b-dn. hm¿-Øm-hn-\n-abtem-Iw H-cp {Km-a-am-bn Np-cpßn-sb∂-Xp ]-g-¶-Y-bmbn. A-Xp tIh-e-sam-cp ssIsh-≈-bn-te-t°m H-cp ¢n-°n-te-t°m Np-cp-ßn-sb-∂XmWp k-Xyw. h-f-cp-∂ km-t¶-Xn-Ihn-Zy- temI-sØ i-cn-°pw am-‰n-a-dn-°p-I-bmWv. hn-t\m-Z-Øn\pw hn-⁄m-\-Øn-\p-ap-≈ A-Xn-hn-im-eam-b h-gn-I-fm-Wp ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bv-°p ap-∂n¬ Xp-d-∂p-In-S-°p-∂-Xv. AXns\m-∏w \-h-am-[y-aß-sf Xo-{h-hm-Z-w {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xn\pw B-cmepw ]n-Sn-°-s∏-Sm-sX k-tµ-i-߃ ssIam-dm-\p-≈ am¿-K-am-bpw Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-øp∂p.

Szn‰¿, t^-kv-_p°v, bp- Syq_v, C≥-Ãm-{Kmw, sa-tkPnMv ssk-‰p-I-fm-b -sS-en-{Kmw, jp-h¿ kv-t]m´v, Pqsse 2016

I-≠‚ v ssI-am-‰-Øn-\p-≈ kw-hn-[m-\am-b P-kv-‰vt]-bv-Ãv C-‰v Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb√mw C-∂v Cßs\ Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.

C-sXms° tem-I-Øn-s‚ GtXm tIm-Wn¬ \-S°p-∂ Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv F-∂ a-´n¬ B-iz-kn-°p-I-bm-bncp-∂p a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ C-Xphsc. F-∂m¬ I-gn-™-Znhkw tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂v B-dp bp-h-Xn-Ifpw aq-∂p Ip-´nIfpw AS-°w C-cp-]-sØm-∂p t]-sc Im-Wm-Xm-b-Xns‚ hn-h-c-߃ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´-t∏mƒ tIc-fw i-cn°pw sR´n. C-h-scm-s° F-hn-sS-bm-sW-∂-Xn-s\°p-dn-®v s]m-eo-kv D-tZym-K-ÿ¿-°p t]mepw C∂pw Ir-Xyamb H-cp hn-h-c-hp-an√. B-`y¥cbp-≤-Ønkn-dn-b≥ {]-knU‚ v _m-j¿ A¬ A-k-Zn-s\-Xn-tc s]m-cp-Xm≥ Ckveman-Iv tÉv kw-L-ß-ƒ-s°m-∏w tN¿-∂p-sh-∂v A-h¿ A-b-® k-tµ-iw am-{X-am-Wp ]p-d-Ø-dn-bm≥ I-gn™Xv. A-ta-cn-°-b-S-°-ap≈ tem-I-cm-Py-߃ C-kvemanIv kv-t‰-‰n-s\-Xn-tc A-Xn-i-‡-ambn Xn-cn-™-tXm-sS t\-c-S-hp-Iƒ H-s∂m-∂m-bn ]-cm-P-b-s∏´p. A-tXmsS, ssk_¿- tem-I-Øn-s‚ kp-c-£n-X-Xz-Øn¬ kz-¥w

(7)

_m-j¿ A¬ A-k-Zv

hn-izm-kw {]-N-cn-∏n-°m-\mWv sF-F- n-s‚ ]-cn-]mSn. Cu hn-izm-k-Øn-\m-bn t]m-cm-Sp-∂-Xn\v Bsf-°q-´m\p-≈ am¿-Kw \-h-am-[y-a-ß-fm-sW∂v sFF-kv A-Xnth-Kw Xn-cn-®-dn-™p-I-gn™p. sXmÆq-tdm-fw cm-Py-ßfn¬-\n-∂m-bn ap-∏-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw t]m-cm-fn-Iƒ sF-F- n-\p -th-≠n {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wp I-W°v. A-Xn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn-cn°-Ww tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n∂p t]m-ep-ap-≈ dn-{Iq-´v-sa‚ v. sFF-kv A-\pIq-e tªmKm-b ap-Pm-ln-dn¬ a-e-bm-f-Øn-ep-≈ H-t´-sd te-J-\-߃ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-∂-Xp-am-bn C-Xn-s\ Iq-´n-hm-bn-°mw. ]-d-bp-∂-sX¥pw tIƒ-°m≥ tem-I-Øn-s‚ hn-Zqc-tIm-Wp-I-fn¬- t]mepw kz-¥-am-bn t]m-cm-fn-Iƒ thW-sa∂-Xp Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS kz-]v-\-amWv. A-Xv A-Xn-hn-Z-Kv-[-am-bn \-S-∏m-°m≥ I-gn-™-XmWv

sF-F- ns‚ hn-Pbw. A¬ JzbvZ t]m-se-bp-≈ kw-L-߃ C-Xn-\m-bn \-SØn-b {i-a-߃ H-cn°temI-sØ sR-´n-®-XmWv. A-ta-cn-°≥ A-`n-am-\-kvXw-`-ß-fm-b sI-´n-Sßsf hn-am-\w C-Sn-®nd-°n \-in-∏n°m≥ {i-an®-Xv CØ-c-sam-cp ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS `m-K-am-bncp∂p.

Hmtcm cm-Py-tØbpw k-hntijk-aq-l-ØnC-gp-In-t®-cm-\pw A-Xn-Kq-V-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-°m\pw I-gn-bp∂ t]m-cm-fn-I-sf-bmWv sFF-kv e-£y-an-Sp∂Xv. C-Xn-\p-≈ dn-{Iq-´v-sa‚n-\v an-I-® am¿-K-am-Wp t^-kv-_p°pw Szn-‰-dp-sa-∂v A-h¿ Xn-cn-®-dn-bp∂p.

H-cm-fn-s‚ am-\-kn-I-ÿn-Xnbpw hn-izm-k-Im-cy-߃ tem-I-Im-cy-ß-ƒ F∂n-h-tbm-Sp≈ km-aq-lnI am-[y-aß-fnse {]-Xn-I-c-W-hpw hn-e-bn-cpØn hy-Xy-kv-X-cmbh-sc A-h¿ F-fp-∏-Øn¬ I-s≠-Øp-∂p. A-ta-cn°≥ ]u-c-Xz-hpw `m-jm-Nm-Xp-cn-bp-ap-≈h-sc A-ta-cn°-bn-epw {^m≥-kn-s‚ kw-kv-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn-®v A-SpØ-dn-bp-∂h-sc {^-©v tI-{µ-ß-fnepw C-¥y≥ `m-jbpw `q-an-im-kv-{X-hpw kw-kv-Im-chpw A-dn-bp∂hsc C-¥y-bnepw \n-tbm-Kn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv Cu \-b-]-cn-]m-Sn. tem-I-saßpw th-cp-I-fp-≈ C‚¿-s\-‰v A-[njvTnXam-[y-a-k-ap-®-b-amWv sFF-kv cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-°p-∂Xv. Xp-S-°-Øn¬ {]-Nm-c-W-Øn\pw ^-≠v cq-]s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-amWp sFF-kv t^-kv-_p-°v A-S-°ap-≈ \-h-am-[y-aß-sf D-]-tbm-Kn-®Xv. dn-{Iq-´v-sa‚n-\p≈ an-I-® am¿-K-am-WnsX-∂v A-h¿ Xn-cn-®-dn™p. ]n-∂oS-Xp ssk-_¿ Im-en-t^-‰m-bn h-f¿∂p. lm-°¿am-cm-bn-cp-∂p Im-en-t^-‰n-s‚ I-cp-Øv. K-h¨-sa‚ns‚ Hu-tZymKn-Ish_v-ssk-‰p-I-fn¬ I-S-∂p-Ib-dn \m-iw hn-X-bv-°p-I, lm-°nßn-eq-sS ssk-‰p-I-fn¬ -\n∂pw C-˛sa-bn-en¬ -\n∂pw hn-h-c-߃ tNm¿Øp-I,

Pqsse 2016

(8)

A-Xp]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn hn-[zw-k-I-{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ \-S-Øp-I Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-h-cp-sS co-XnIƒ.

Sow-t]m-bn-k¨ F-∂ t]-cn¬ Pp-s\-bv-Zv lp-ssk≥ cq-]o-I-cn-® ssk‰v C-Xn¬ G-‰hpw Ip-{]-kn≤w. km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS ]n-≥-_-e-Øn¬ tem-I-Øv C-cp-≠-Xp-cp-Øp-Iƒ D-≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ t_m-[]q¿-ham-b {i-a-ßfpw A-Xn-{Zp-Xw h-f¿-∂p-h∂p-sIm≠n-cn-°p∂p. ku-lr-Z-Øn-s‚ h-e-°-Æn-I-fn¬ hn-jw]pc-´n Im-Øn-cn-°p-∂h¿; A-Xn-\-∏pdw Cu temIsØ ap-gp-h≥ D-≈n¬ -\n-d-bp-∂ ]-I-tbm-sS am{Xw t\m-°n-°m-Wp-∂h¿. A-h-cp-sS ssI-I-fn¬ ]pXn-b km-t¶-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-bpw \-ha - m-[y-aß - f - pw Atßb‰w A-]I - S- I - m-cn-If - m-bn am-dp-∂X - m-Wp tem-Iw Im-Wp-∂X - v. km-aq-ln-I -am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ \-S-Øp-∂ I-S-∂p-I-b‰ß-fn-eq-sS tem-I-Øn-s‚ ap-gp-h≥ kzmÿyw sI-SpØm≥ A-h¿-°p I-gn-bp∂p. a-[p-cw ]p-c´n-b hm-°p-Ifn-eq-sS lr-Z-b-tØm-Sp tN¿-∂p-\n-∂p F∂p -tXm∂pw t]m-se A-h¿ he-bw Xo¿-°p∂p. A-Xn¬ hoWpt]m-Ip-∂h¿ Cu tem-I-Øn-s‚ \m-i-Øn-\m-bp-≈ h-gn-I-ƒ B-tem-Nn-°p∂p. A-Xn-s‚ {]-Xn-^-e-\-߃ A-ta-cn-°-bnepw {^m≥-knepw tem-I-Øn-s‚ ]-e \-Kc-ß-fnepw \q-dp-I-W-°n-\mfp-Ifp-sS Po-h-s\-Sp-°m\pw tNm-c-ho-gv-Øm\pw Im-c-W-am-Ip∂p. \-h-am-[y-aß-sf t]m-cm-´-Øn-s‚ am¿-K-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿ ]-et∏mgpw Ko-_¬-ky≥ X-{¥-am-Wp ]p-d-sØ-Sp-°p-∂Xv. k-Xy-ta-Xv A¿-≤k-Xy-ta-Xv F-∂p Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-sX ]-ecpw Cu h-e-°-Æn-I-fp-sS Ip-cp-°n-te-°p I-gp-Øp\o-´n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. ssk-_¿- hn-Z-Kv-[-tcbpw lm-°¿am-tc-bpw sFF-kv h-e-ho-in-∏n-Sn-°p-∂p-≠v. K-h¨sa‚ v˛ km-º-Øn-I˛ am-[y-a-cw-K-ß-fn¬ I-S-∂p-I-b-dm\m-Wv Ch-sc D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. *** **** **** Ip-td- h¿-j-߃-°p ap-ºv H-cp Zn-hkw. A-∂p sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-\p-I-fn-se _p-°nMv A-t\zj-Ww Pqsse 2016

ap-gph≥ tIc-f-Øn¬- \n∂p hS°p-In-g-°≥ C-¥y-bnte-°p- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂ s{S-bn-\p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈-Xm-bncp∂p. ko-‰v In-´m-\n-s√-¶n-epw B-bn-c-ß-ƒ A-k-ante°pw ta-Lm-e-b-Øn-te°pw a-Wn-∏q-cn-te-°p-ap-f-f s{S-bn-\p-Iƒ A-t\z-jn-®v sd-bn¬-th tÃ-j-\n-seØn.

A-[n-Ir-X¿ Im-cy-a-dn-bm-sX Ip-gßn. H-cp F-kv-Fw F-kv B-bn-cp-∂p ]-Wn-]-‰n-®Xv. h-S-°p-In-g-°≥ kw-ÿm-\-°m¿-s°-Xn-tc hym-]-Iam-b I-em-]-ap-≠mIp-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p k-tµiw. A-Xp tI-´-]mtS \q-dp-IW-°n-\m-fp-I-fmWv Cu k-tµ-iw ssI-am-dn-bXv. km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy- h-f-cp-∂-Xn-s\m-∏w AXp Zp-cp-]tbmKw sN-ø-s∏-Sp∂-Xv Fß-s\-sb-∂v A∂p tI-c-fw B-Zy-am-bn I-≠-dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. *** **** **** A-ta-cn-°-bn¬ tPm-en t\m-°p-∂ H-cp a-e-bm-fn°v A-Xn-cm-hn-se H-cp t^m¨ tImƒ h∂p.

A-ta-cn-°≥ B-`y-¥-c-a-{¥m-e-b-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ D-tZym-K-ÿ-\m-Wp hn-fn-®Xv. A-ta-cn-°≥ ]u-c-Xzapt≠m F-∂-Xm-Wv B-ZytNm-Zyw. a-e-bm-fw A-dnbmtam F∂-Xv c≠mw tNm-Zyw. c-≠p tNm-Zy߃-°pw A-sX F-∂pØ-cw ]-d-™-t∏mƒ Cw-•ojn¬- \n∂p a-e-bm-f-Øn-te-°v X¿-÷-a sN-øm≥ I-gnbptam F-∂-Xm-bn A-SpØ tNm-Zyw. A-ß-s\-sb¶n¬ hn-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn h-º≥ i-º-f-Øn¬ tPm-en t\m-°m-\mIptam F∂pw A-t\zj-Ww \o≠p. an-Un¬- Cu-kv-‰v ta-J-e-bn¬- \n-∂p-≈ hn-h-c-߃ A]-{K-Yn-°m\pw X¿-÷-a sN-øm-\p-am-Wv B-sf-Ø-∏nbXv. Xo-{hhm-Zkw-L-S-\-Iƒ a-e-bm-fw A-S-°-ap-≈ `m-j-Iƒ hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\m-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xns‚ i-‡am-b kq-N-\-bm-WnXv. ¤

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

sIm®n B¿.Sn.Sn \yqkn¬ \yqkv FUn-‰-dmWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: geordygeorge@gmail.com

(9)

Journalism in the time of

Social media W

e are in the living in the time of Mediamorphosis – old versus new media. Some regret and others embrace it with new vigour.

Rules of the game have changed for better or worse.

When I started journalism in 1984, my editors told me “news is sacred” . It was the Bible of the news room and we believed it. It was the guiding principle of news gathering.

Editors insisted on checking and cross checking facts, figures and names when you tell a story. Subs micro-scanned the copies with care, proof readers found fault with expressions that were either politically or grammatically incorrect.

Few angry subs shouted at the story teller for not filling the gaps in the stories and returned the copy to reporter’s table with a curse. Others cared to tell the junior reporter how to write better copies and offered free tips over a cup of coffee or couple of drinks. We used to call them “good shepherds “. They improved copies with

great strokes. I’d few of them in my career. Shard Jeemon Jacob Rotkar in The Hitavada, John Antony, Jose T Thomas in the Deepika, Brian in AFP and Kaushik, Srikant in Tehelka and few others in India Today .They were Gurus who gave magical touches in copies and made it great stories.

Every newsroom had such legends who toiled on copies for the sake of making it worth reading.

I’d also seen great editors -The paste up artists who were super editors, scissor-cut your story mercilessly to adjust space and the writer left with a bang on his chest and disillusioned for the day. Many news rooms had witnessed similar situations with various degrees of despair and dismay. Still we loved the drama of the news rooms. The strange mix of good, bad and don’t care people made the newsrooms all colourful and full of climaxes and anti-climax. Then words like exclusives, byline, and scoops had their original meanings and editorial meetings critically analyzed stories and cleared. Even today some of the old fashioned editors, some call them outdated, hold meetings and allow juniors to air their views and ideas. But most of the journalists prefer to observe silence in edit meetings as a strategic policy of ultra decency.

In a way, our strategic silence paved way for corporatization of media at large and interests of profit guiding the core principles of journalism.

Pqsse 2016

(10)

It started before the web news papers and social media were born. Many journalists had the guts and boldness to resist corporatization in the media. But their fight against their own management was ended in their sad exit from journalism and their baiters thrived in the profession with celebrity status. Meanwhile some of them were proud to claim titles of Editor in charge of marketing and distribution, a title helped them to build their public relations with media management and inferior politicians. All these changes that altered the principles of journalism happened in a short span of two decades.

Technology is part of our life and we live in the age of techno explosion. When television channels started airing news, many believed that visual media is going to decimate the print for ever. But newspapers which adapted new methodology in presenting news survived with minimum scratches. Certainly visual media transformed the profession to a great extent.

Now we work in the time of social media, a tool fancied by many. Facebook, twitter, bloggers and other apps make more news than any newspaper or television could carry. The wide popularity of the social media changed the world of journalism dramatically. The new generation media opened way for new writers, thinkers, Pqsse 2016

activists and the public to air their news globally. Yes, the keyboards of the mobile phones decide when to make news. If we curse Mark Zuckerberg and his room mate Eduardo Saverin for lowering the standard of journalism in our era, it has no truth. Believe it, Fb or social media has no role in deciding the standard of journalism. Before fb, Six Degrees was created in 1997 as first recognizable social media site. It helped users to upload their profile and share it with their friends. Then in 1999, blogging sites started drawing our attention.

In fact invention of blogging revolutionalized the social media sphere. Sites like Myspace and Linkedin gained prominence in early 2000s and Photobucket and Flickr facilitated online photo sharing. Then YouTube created a new wave in 2005. An year later, Facebook and twitter further accelerated social media explosion. Sites like Tumbir, Spotify, Foursquare and Pinterrest popped up to fill other spaces in social networking. These innovations will continue to pop up for ever with technological upbeat.

The innovative tools opened new vistas for the public as the tools were convenient and format was mass friendly. Above all social media turns out to be the voice of the Aam Admi (common man) and ultimate expression of freedom of speech. There was no censorship or edits and no guidelines. You decide what you want to tell. You don’t need great vocabulary to tell a story and even if you don’t know how to spell the word you want to use, still you can manage with your colloquial expressions. It gives power to self to express self. The poor journalists never had such privileges or freedom

(11) when they worked in the print. And they had no barriers of geographical location or their stories reached regionally, nationally and globally. They were not bothered about costing or marketing.

Adapt and adopt the way to survive Internet has changed the patterns of journalism and mode of source. Today more journalists depend on google to support their story. Data are freely available in the net. We have to realize that there is a ground shift happening in the media industry because of widening influence of social media. We need to adapt changes in better frequencies to survive in the profession and to deliver quality output.

Because devices and tools used in the social media are smart and changing with technological evolution. News has become very personal and general without 5 Ws and H. Now only lucky ones may be able to break a ‘real scoop’ in the print. So called scoops published in the print or in television news were deemed to be mere reproduction of what social media has reported hours back.

For the time being, I’m not a twitterer or active in social media. But I may change. We all

need to change. To be very frank, why should we be bothered about social media if we believe in quality of journalism. Certainly it has a space and demand. What we need is a change of mindset. If we adopt this policy, a professional journalist will have his/ her mark in journalism.

But problem crops in when we decide to be passive spectator. For such people, journalism is no means to excel.

On the other day, an anonymous person in the street was happy when lawyers beat journalists. “They should be beaten like pulp,” he voiced in a jubilant mood. He was no lawyer but an Aam AAdmi. When I asked him why he was keeping grudge against journos, he had his reason.

I felt sad being a journalist. I’m sure that many others who had done the job sincerely would feel the same. Yes world had changed and the world you live in doesn’t have much regard for you. Because you have exposed yourselves before them with your misdeeds and conveniences while making yourself a great brand. So if you want to survive as a journalist, you need to reorient your credibility as a journalist. Your integrity matters and your approach certainly make a difference. Social media may not challenge you. You may challenge your existence as a an inferior journalist roaming around the corridors of power brokering peace or negotiating with power brokers. Because world is watching you and scanning every move you make. And social media is keeping vigil. The best way to regain credibility of journalism is how you behave and act in public space. We only matter in our profession. The great Manikonda Chalapthi Rau, a great editor who died as unknown never clowned himself like many of us who post their photographs every now and then in facebook when they meet a VIP while doing their job. Believe it only quality of journalism will survive at the end. Not the clowns, sir.

¤

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Statue of Manikonda Chalapthi Rau

The writer is associate editor of India Today.

Email: jeemonj@gmail.com Pqsse 2016

(12)

sI.-]n.-H. dlvaØp√

lntcm-jn-a-bpsS Hm¿Ω:

hn¬{^Uv _q¿®‰v

ln

tcm-jn-a-bn-tebpw \mK-km°n-bn-tebpw BWhZpc-¥-Øn\v BKÃv amk-Øn¬ Aº-Ø©p hb m-Ip-∂p. am\hNcn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw IdpØ B Ahÿ ]pdwtemIsØ Adn-bn-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ c‡-km-£nbm-tI≠n h∂ kXy-k-‘-\mb Hcp ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚ PohnXIY Ncn-{XØn¬ tcJs∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. A[n-Iamcpw Adn-bm≥ CS-bn-√mØ, A¶nƒ kmans‚ sNcn∏p \°n-bm-Im≥ hnkΩ-Xn-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ ISpØ Zpcn-X߃ kln-t°≠n h∂ hn¬{^Uv Pqsse 2016

_q¿®-‰ns‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-߃ Adn-bpI Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬ {]k‡-am-bn-cn-°pw. lntcm-jn-a-bn¬ AWp-t_mw_p hoW-Xns‚ Ccp-]Xmw Znhkw kz¥w \ne-bn¬ Atßm-´p-I-S∂p sN∂ hn¬{^Uv Zpc-¥`q-an-bn-se-Ønb BZysØ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-h-sc bp.-F-kv. bp≤-Im-cy-h-Ip∏pw s]‚-KWpw \¬Ip∂ ]{X-°p-dn-∏pIƒ kXy-sa∂p [cn®v Bizmkw sIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p temI¿.

Ccp-]-sØmº-Xp-Im-c-\mb _q¿®‰v \mam-h-ti-j-am-°-s∏´ lntcmjna \Kcw \S∂p I≠p. AhnsS I≠ Zpc-¥-Øns‚ Zriy-߃ AtX-]Sn IS-em-kn-te°p ]I¿Øn. 1945 sk]v‰w-_¿ c≠mw XobXn, e≠-\n¬ \n∂p {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ sUbven FIvkv{]kv Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ h∂ At±-lØns‚ lrZ-b-kv]r-°mb ZrIvkm-£nhn-h-cWw temIsØ sR´n-®p. ]Øp Znhkw XpS¿®-bmbn h∂ ]c-ºc XpS-ßnb-Xn-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ""temIsØ Xm°oXp sNøm≥ th≠n-bmWp Rm\nXp Ipdn°p-∂Xv. Fßpw A]mbw hnXbv-°p∂ s]mSn-]-S-e-߃. tUmIvS¿am¿ t]mepw Xe-I-dßn Xf¿∂p hogp-∂p. F√m-hcpw i‡n-tb-dnb apJw-aq-Sn-Iƒ [cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy≥ tZlw Icn™p Xe-apSn sImgn™p ho¿Øps]m´n sXmen- XI¿∂p ssIIm-ep-Iƒ th¿s]´p acn®p ae®p InS-°p-∂p. arX-tZ-l-ß-fn\n∂p tImgn-Iƒ AWp-°sf sImØn-Øn-∂p-∂Xp \nXy-Im-gvN-bmWv. PU-߃ sImØn-h-en-°m≥ Igp-I-∑m¿ t]mepw _m°nbn√. apdn-th-‰-h-cp-tSbpw tcmKn-I-fp-tSbpw B¿Ø-\m-Z-w sIm≠v Bip-]{Xn-Iƒ _l-f-a-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "ChnsS acn-®-h-tcmSp Pohn-®n-cn°p-∂-h¿°v Akq-b-s∏-Smw' F∂ {_n´ojv {][m-\-a{¥n hn≥Ã≥ N¿®n-ens‚ hm°p-Iƒ A\z¿∞-am-°p-∂-XmWp lntcm-jna Zpc-¥`q-an-bnse ImgvN-Iƒ.'' A®-Sn-ajn ]pc≠ Cu bYm¿∞y-߃ hmbn®p temI-P-\X ]I-®p. Ata-cn-°≥ am[y-a-߃ AtXmsS No´p-sIm-´mcw t]mse XI¿∂p hogp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. _q¿®-‰ns‚ Xqen-I-bn¬ \n∂p \n¿K-fn® Xos∏mcn shfn-s∏Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ kJy-I-£n-Iƒ°pw hninjym Ata-cn-°bv°pw G‰ I\Ø Ccp-´-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu tP¿W-en-Ãns\ A]-am-\n-°m≥ am{X-ambn bp.-F-kv. k¿°m¿ 1945 sk]v‰w-_¿ 5\v tSm°n-tbm-bn¬

(13) t°≠nh∂ tXmakv s^d¬ A∂sØ ]{X-ktΩ-f-\-sØ-∏‰n Xs‚ Ubdn-bn¬ Cßs\ Ipdn-®n-´p. ""hn¬{^Uv _q¿®‰v Ata-cn°bv°pw AXns‚ XmXv]cy-߃°pw \pW-Iƒ sIm≠p XI¿°m-\m-Im-Øhn[w _p≤n-Iq¿Ω-bp-≈bmƒ. kXy-tØmSv C{Xbpw Bflm¿∞X ]pe¿Øp∂ tP¿W-en-Ãp-Iƒ AwKp-eo-]cn-an-Xw. Fs‚ \o≠ Bdp ]Xn-‰m≠p ImesØ HutZym-KnIPohn-X-Ønse G‰hpw hnjaw ]nSn-® {]kv tIm¨^d≥kv. _q¿®‰v F∂ Hmkvt{S-en-b≥ ]{X-{]h¿Ø-Is‚ ap∂nF\n°p Iog-S-ßp-I-b-√msX am¿§-ap-≠m-bn-cpHcp ]{X-k-tΩ-f\w hnfn®p tN¿Øp. {]apJ BW-h-im∂n√ Xs∂.'' ASpØ Znh-kw temI-Ønse kv{X-⁄\pw bp.-F-kv. B‰-anIv sh]¨kv IΩn‰n {][m-\-]-{X-ß-fn-se√mw s^d-ens‚ ]{X-k-tΩsNb¿am-\p-amb P\-d¬ tXma-kv s^d¬ BWv lntcmf\w henb hm¿Ø-bm-bn. _q¿®-‰ns‚ tNmZyjn-a-bn¬ tdUn-tb-j≥ Cs√∂ s]cpw-\pW ÿm]n߃°p ap∂n¬ BW-h-im-kv{X-⁄≥ ap´p-a-S°m≥ hnfn®p tN¿Ø {]kv tIm¨^d≥kn¬ k∂n-ln°n-bXpw lntcm-jn-a-bn¬ AWp-{]-k-cWw X-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. H∂c aWn-°q¿ \o≠p\n∂- k-tΩ-f-\Ds≠∂pw AXn-eqsS P\-a-dn™p. _q¿®-‰ns\ Øn¬ s^d¬ hn¬{^Uv _q¿®-‰ns‚ tNmZy-߃°p Cu {]kv tIm¨^-d≥kv temI-{]-i-kvX-\m-°n. ap∂n¬ NqfpI am{X-a√ sh≈w IpSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. BZysØ BW-h-Zp-c¥w \S∂ lntcm-jnlntcm-jn-asb XI¿Ø AWp-t_mw_v hfsc Db-cab nc≠p amk-tØmfw _q¿®‰v Np‰n \S∂p Øn¬ h®mWp s]m´n-b-sX∂pw AXn-\m¬ AWp-{]-kkwKX n-Iƒ hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-®p. \K-c-Øns‚ cWw Cs√-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p s^d-ens‚ {][m\hmZw. ap°nepw aqe-bnepw At±lw IS∂p sN∂p.

F¶n¬ ]ns∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWp lntcm-jnam\Zn-bnse Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ t]mbn ]cn-t°-‰-h-tc-bpw- tUmao\p-Iƒ NmIp-∂-sX-∂mbn hn¬{^-Uv. AXn-I-Tn-\-amb IvS¿am-tcbpw I≠p hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn®p.

NqSp-sIm-s≠-∂m-bn-cp∂p s^d-ens‚ adp-]-Sn. Hcp amkw Cw•ojv ]{X-ß-fn-eqsS B C≥sh-ÃntK-‰ohv apºmWp t_mw_v kvt^mS\w \S-∂Xv; ]ns∂ Fßs\ tP¿W-en-Ãns‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]pdwtemIA¥-co-£-Øn¬ IqSnb Af-hn¬ Dujvam-hp-≠mIpw sØ-Øn. Ah hmbn®p P\-anfIn. Ata-cn-°F∂-mbn _q¿®-‰ns‚ Nm´pfn-t]m-ep≈ tNmZyw. AXn\p bnse \K-c-ß-fn¬ t]mepw AWp-t_mw-_n-t\ap∂n¬ hnc≠ s^d¬ Hcp amkw apºp NØ -ao-\p-I-fmXntc P\-e-£-߃ AWn-\n-c∂ {]Xn-tj[{]Ibn-cn°pw \Zn-bn¬ F∂p X´n-hn´p t\m°n. F¶nS-\-߃ \S-∂p. lntcm-jn-a-bnse bmYm¿∞ylntcm-jnam\Zn-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ CSp∂ a’y-߃ NmIp-∂߃ ]pd-Øp-sIm≠ph∂ _q¿®-‰ns\ hi-ØmsX-¥p-sIms-≠-∂mbn hn¬{^°m≥ s]‚-K¨ sIm≠p-]n-Sn® {ia-߃ BcwUv. DØcw ap´nb s^d`n-®p. {]apJ Ata-cn-°≥ Zn\-]-{X-amb Bh-\m-gn-bnse Ah-km\yqtbm¿°v ssSwkn¬ Db¿∂ tPmen, bp.-F-kv. \sØ Bbp[w Xs∂ ]pdhntZ-i-Im-cy-h-Ip-∏n¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿ sØ-Sp-Øp. Xm¶ƒ Pm∏-\okv F∂n-ßs\ kmº-Øn-I-ambn henb t\´t{]m∏-K-‚-bpsS Cc-bm-bn-cn-°pßfp≠m-Ip∂ Hm^-dp-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\p t\tc I-bmWv F∂p ]d™p ]{Xh®p\o´n. ]t£, AXn-sem∂pw _q¿®‰v k-tΩ-f\w aXn-bm°n s^dhoWn√. A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmb ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ Fgp-t∂-‰p.

F∂p hnti-jn-∏n®p kn.-sF.-F. At±-lsØ _q¿®‰ns‚ tNmZy-ß-sf t\m´-∏p-≈n-bm-°n.

XpS¿∂ lntcm-jn-a-bnlntcm-jn-a-bn¬ AWp-t_mw-_ns‚ AWp-{]-k-cWw Ds≠∂p P\d tXmak v s^dZrIv k m£n hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS {]i-kvX-\mb KXy-¥-c-an-√msX kΩ-XnPqsse 2016

(14)

Cu ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I\p {]apJ hm¿Øm GP≥knbmb Atkm-kn-tb‰Uv {]kv (F.-]n.) tPmen \¬In. 1946 ¬ Im¨s_m-tdm-bn¬ dnt∏m¿´-dm-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p BZy\nb-a-\w. ]n∂oSv ]Xn-s\-t´mfw cmPy-ß-fnF.-]n.bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn At±lw tkh-\-a-\pjvTn-®p. Ie¿t∏m AXn-i-tbm-‡ntbm C√msX kXy-k-‘-amb hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ tP¿W-enÃv F∂ \ne-bn¬ hmb-\-°m¿°p _q¿®‰v {]nb-¶-c\mbn amdn. ]e-t∏mgpw ""kq£n-°pI; Cbmƒ IayqWn-Ãp-Im-c-\mWv'' F∂ ap∂-dn-bn-∏n\p tij-amWp apX-em-fnØhm¿Øm GP≥kn-bmb F.-]n. Ct±-lØns‚ dnt∏m´pIƒ kwt{]-jWw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. A\o-Xn-, Agn-a-Xn-, Ak-a-Xz-w, Nqj-W-w F∂n-hsb√mw Npgn-s™-SpØp _q¿®‰v F.-]n.-bnhm¿Øm-hn-πhw Xs∂ krjvSn-®p. dnt∏m¿´¿ tPmenbn¬ \n∂v At±-lsØ ÿm\-{`-jvS-\m-°m≥ kn.sF.F. ]Xn-s\-´-Shpw ]b-‰n-bn-cp∂p F∂Xp ]c-kyamb cl-kyw.

1916 ¬ Hmkvt{S-en-b-bnse knUv\n-bn¬ P\n® _q¿®‰v Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-¥c_ncpZw FSp-Ø-tijw 1933 ¬ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mbn tPmenbn¬ {]th-in-®p. BZysØ 10 h¿jw {]mtZinI]{X-amb knUv\n ssSw-kn-em-bn-cp-∂p- \n-b-a-\w. hnhm-l-Øns‚ \memw amk-Øn-¬ `mcy- acn-®Xnep≈ ZpxJw ad-°m-\mWp _‘p-°ƒ At±-lsØ lntcm-jn-a-bn-te-°-b-®-Xv. BWhZpc-¥-Øns‚ `oIc`qan-bn¬ At±lw FØn-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nHcp]t£, temIw kXyadn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. \o≠ aq∂p ]Xn-‰m≠p Imew hm¿Øm-ta-J-e-bn¬ I¿Ω-\nc-X-\mb hn¬{^Uv _q¿®‰v 1973 ¬ tÃm°vtlmanF.-]n.-bpsS _yqtdm No^v Bbn-cnt° tPmen-bn\n∂p hncan®p. kz¥w \m´n¬ _‘p-°-tfm-sSm∏w PohnXkmbm”w sNe-h-gn-°p-hm-\p≈ At±lØns‚ tamlw t]mepw k^-e-am-bn-√. bp.-F-kv. kΩ¿±sØ XpS¿∂v 1972 ¬ Hmkvt{Sen-b≥ Kh¨sa‚ v At±-l-Øns‚ ]ucXzw t]mepw d±m-°nPqsse 2016

bn-cp-∂p. A‘-\mbn, ico-c-Øns‚ Hcp `mKw Xf¿∂v Hcp k∂≤ kwL-S-\-bpsS klm-b-Øn]mco-knse Hcp A_-em-a-µn-c-Øn-emWp alm-\mb Cu ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ A©p h¿j-߃ sNehgn-®Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ NnIn-’n-®n-cp∂ tUmIvS¿amsc kzm[o-\n®p hnjmwiw IpØn-h-®mWv BtcmKyw kn.-sF.-F. \in-∏n-®-Xv. 1980 Unkw-_¿ 22\v At±lw Cu temI-tØmSp bm{X-]-d-™p. aq∂p-XhW kn.-sF.-F.-bpsS h[-{i-a-Øn¬ \n∂v A¤p-XI-c-am-bmWp _q¿®‰v c£-s∏-´-Xv. I\-s∏´ Hcp Uk≥ Cw•o-jv ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS I¿Øm-hp-Iq-Sn-bmWp hn¬{^Uv _q¿®-‰v. sUbvkv C≥ lntcm-jn-a, ssa t\mSvkv, t^mƒkv UØv F∂n-h-bm-W-h-bn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-h. lntcm-jn-abnse BWhZpc-¥-`q-an-bn¬ Xm≥ I≠ Zriy-߃ lrZ-b-kv]r-°mb `mj-bn¬ sUbvkv C≥ lntcm-jna-bn¬ ]I¿Øn-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. bp≤w thK-ØnXocm≥ th≠n-b√ AWp-t_mw-_ns‚ i‡n ]co£n-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv Ata-cn° t_mw_n-´-sX∂p temI-tØmSp ImcyImc-W-k-lnXw ]d™ H∂masØ IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu ]pkvX-IsØ Jfin°m≥ CXp-hsc Ata-cn-°≥ _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ°m-bn-´n√. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øns‚ \njv]£Ncn-{XtcJ F∂ \ne-bnepw IrXn henb kzoIm-cyX t\Snbn-cn-°p-∂p. A¥m-cm-jv{S-X-e-Øn¬ bp.-F-kv. Cw]ocn-b-enkw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fpsS t]mÃvtam¿´-amWv t^mƒkv UØv. _q¿®-‰ns‚ IrXn-Iƒ°p Ht´sd hnh-¿-Ø-\-ßfpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

Hcp km{am-Py-Xz-hn-tcm[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ _p≤n-Po-hnI-fpsS CS-bn¬ hn¬{^-Un\v C∂pw Gsd _lp-am\hpw aXn-∏p-ap≠v.

Ac-\q-‰m-≠p-Imew ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mbn kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh\a\p-jvTn-®n´pw A¿ln-°p∂ Hcw-Ko-Im-chpw hn¬{^Uv _q¿®‰ns\ tXSn-sb-Ønbn-√. aq∂p XhW ]pen-‰vk¿˛ amKvkmtk Ahm¿Up-Iƒ°p \ma-\n¿tZiw sNø-s∏-s´-¶nepw Ata-cn-°≥ tem_n-bpsS CS-s]-S¬ ImcWw XnckvIr-X-am-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ km{am-Py-XzØn-s\-Xntc kXyw hnfn®p ]d-™-Xns‚ t]cnHcp ]mSp ]oU-\-߃ A\p-`-hn® _q¿®-‰n\p Pm∏\okv k¿°m¿ lntcm-jna ayqkn-b-Øn¬ Hcp apdn Xs∂ A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. BW-h-Zp-c-¥sØ ]‰nbp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw Poh-N-cn-{Xhpw t^mt´m-Ifpw AhnsS Ia-\o-b-ambn Ae-¶-cn®p h®ncn-°p-∂p. -Zp-c-¥-Øns‚ Aº-Øn-©mw B≠-dp-Xnbn¬, c‡-km-£n-bmb B ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ \ap°p \√ a\-t msS Hm¿°mw.

¤

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

"tXPkv' Zn\-]-{X-Ønse ko\n-b¿ dnt∏m¿´dpw Xriq¿ _yqtdm No^p-amWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: kporahmath@gmail.com

(15)

kvtImf¿ C≥ Imºkv kn. cm[mIrjvW≥

kmlnXyØnse \h-[m-c-Ifpw amdp∂ hmb-\-°mcpw

F

¥p-Imcyw ]d-bm\pw Hcp ssh`hw thWw F∂mWv ]≠p≈ BfpIƒ \tΩmSp ]d-™n-´p≈Xv. Cu ssh`h-amWv `qan-bn¬ a\pjy_‘߃ \ne-\n¿Øn-t∏m-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£, Imew amdn hcptºmƒ CX{X Ffp-∏-ap≈ Hcp ]Wn-b-√. Bi-b-hn\n-a-b-Øn-\mbn \ap°p ]e coXnIfps≠¶nepw Ah-sbm∂pw th≠{X ^e-{]-Z-am-ImsX t]mIp∂ Ht´sd Ah-k-c-߃ Pohn-X-Ønep≠m-Im-dp-≠v. Hch-k-chpw Aßs\ D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ kmhImiw \ap°p In´n-bm¬ AXm-bn-cn°pw PohnXØnse G‰hpw henb Imcyw. a‰p-≈h-tcmSp ]dbm-\p≈ Hcp Imcyw H´pw t]mcm-bva-bn-√msX, Ipd-hn√msX ]d-bm≥ Ign™m¬ AXm-bn-cn°pw G‰hpw kt¥m-j-ap≈ Imcyw. \ap-s°mcp Imcyw Hcm-tfmSp ]d-bm-\p-≠v. ]d-bm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ AXp a\- n-en-cp∂p hnßpw. AsXmcp am\-knI`mc-am-bpw hyYbm-bpw amdpw. ]e-t∏mgpw A°mcyw Hcn-°epw ad-°m-\mhmØ IY-bm-bn´p t]mepw Xocpw.

Rm≥ ]T\-sams° Ign™v sImssS-°-\mBkvt{Sm-f-Pn-°¬ H_vk¿th-‰-dn-bn¬ tPmenbntNcm\nSbmbn. ]n∂oSv At©m Btdm amkw

Ign™v BZysØ Hc-h[n°meØp ho´n-te°p sN∂p. Fs∂ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln® Hcp apØ-»n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. henbImcyamWv. Ah¿ Fs∂ hnfn-∏n®v Hcp k‘y°p tNmZn-®p: ""Fs‚ Ip´o, \o F¥p ]Wn-bmWv AhnsS sNøp-∂Xv ?''í thsdm-∂n-\p-a√, henb _p≤n-ap-´p≈ tPmenbmtWm, A]-I-S-ap≈mtWm Fs∂ms° Adn-bm-\p≈ BImw£. Fs‚ tPmen F¥m-sW∂v Fß-s\bmWp apØ-»n°p ]d-™psImSp-°pI? apØ-»n°v Bkvt{Sm^n-knIvkv Adn-bn-√, Akvt{Sm-Wan Adnbn-√, H∂pw Adn-bn-√. Rm≥ ]d™p: ""apØ»o, Cu \£-{Xßsf-sbms° t\m°n AXns‚ Imcy߃ a\- n-em-°p-I-bmWv Fs‚ tPmen.'' CXp-tI´v apØ»n aq°Øp hnc¬ h®v H‰- C-cn-∏n-cp-∂p. ""Cu ap-‰Øv amhn≥ Nph-´n-en-cp∂v am\-tØ°p t\m°nbm¬ sNøm-hp∂ ImcyØn\mtWm Fs‚ Ip´o \o A\y\m´n¬ sImSpw XWp-∏n¬ C{X IjvS-s∏´v ]Wn°p t]mIp-∂Xv'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p apØ-»n-bpsS At∏m-gsØ Nn¥. F\n°v ]dbm\p≠mbncp∂ Imcyw apØ-»nsb ]d™p a\- n-em-°m≥ IgnbmsX t]mbn. AXp-aqew apØ-»n-°p-≠mb k¶Sw Pqsse 2016

(16)

]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø{X hep-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ sNøp∂ tPmen F¥mtWm AXp a‰p-≈-hsc ]d™p a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Ignhv Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw D≠m-°n-sb-SptØ ]‰q F∂v A∂p Rm≥ Dd-∏n-®p.

A¿∞-i-¶bv-°n-S-bn-√mØ coXn-bn¬, hnShp hcmØ coXn-bn¬ \ΩpsS Iøn-ep≈ `mj D]-tbmKn-°m-\p≈ Ign-hn-s\-bmWp ëIayqWn-t°-j≥ kvIn¬í F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. GXp N¿®-bnem-bmepw GXp am[yaØn-em-bmepw Cu Ignhv Hcp-t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv Bhiyambn hcp∂Xv. kmlnXyw Hcp am[yaamWv. AXmbXv Hcp \√ IY C∂sØ \√ IY-bm-Wv. \mfsØ \√ IY-bm-Wv. Bbn-c-am≠p Ign-™mepw \√ IY-bm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]ocn-tbm-Unkn‰n D≈ Hcp am[yaamWp kmlnXyw. ]{X-{]-h-¿Ø\w F∂Xvv, ]{X-Øn¬ C∂p hmbn-°m-\p-≈Xp am{XamWv. \mftØ°v AXn\p {]m[m\yan√. hmcn-I-bn¬ CubmgvN hcp-∂Xv ASpØ BgvN-bnte°p th≠X√. Cu amk-tØ°p≈ amknI ASpØ amk-tØ-°p≈X√. hm¿jnI∏Xn∏pIfpsS Imcyhpw Aßs\ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Zriyam[yaßtfm, {ihyam[yaßtfm BsW-∂n-cn-°s´, B \nan-jtØ°p am{Xw th≠ ImcyßfmWp ]dbp∂Xv. am[yaß-fn¬ G‰hpw {]bm-k-tadnbXpw G‰hpw \njvI¿j Bhiyap≈Xpw kmlnXyam-Wv. kmlnXyØn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂ hm°v A\yw \n∂p t]mIp∂ H∂-√. kmlnXyØn\p am[yaw F∂ \nebv°p≈ \ne-\nev]p-≠m-hp-∂-Xn\v {][m\ ImcWw AXp \ΩpsS ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcm-hiyw ]q¿ØoI-cn-°p∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. temIØv a‰p-≈-h¿ Fß-s\-bn-cn-°p-∂p, Fßs\ Pohn-°p-∂p, Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp∂p, Ah¿s°m-s° F¥p kw`hn-°p∂p F∂-dn-bm-\p≈ D’pIX AYhm sshIm-cn-I-amb Hcp {]tXyIXcw D’m-l-Øn¬ \n∂mWp kmlnXyw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. kmlnXyØn¬ GsX√mw {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-≠m-bns°m≈s´, AXp a\pjys‚ ]c-kv]-c-a-dn-bm-\p≈ BhiyØn\v F{X-am{Xw ]cnlm-c-am-Ip∂p F∂-Xns\ B{i-bn-®p am{XamWv AXns‚ \ne-\nev]v. a‰p am[ya߃ D≈ Imcyw D≈Xp t]mse ]d-bm≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ kmlnXyw I≈w am{Xw ]dbp∂p. kmlnXyØn¬ I≈-amWp \Ωƒ Ah-X-cn∏n-°p-∂, I®-hSw sNøp∂ Imcyw. BZyImew apX¬ Aß-s\-bmWv. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn \Ωƒ a‰p am[yaßfnkXyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ kmlnXyØn¬ I≈w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""a∂th{µ, hnf-ßp∂p N{µs\t∏mse \n∑pJw'' F∂mWp Ihn-X. GXp a∂th{µs‚ apJ-amWp N{µs\-t∏m-se-bn-cn-°pI? Hcn-°-ep-an-√. CXv AkXyw sIm≠p kXysØ DZml-cn-°p-∂ Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Pqsse 2016

]c-kv]cw klm-bn®v kl-h¿Øn-XztØmsS Pohn-°Ww F∂XmWp apØ»n ]d-bp∂ IY-bmb "Icn-bn-ebpw aÆmw-I´'bp-sSbpw kmcw. imizXamb aqeyØns‚ IcpØp≈-Xn-\m-emWp kmlnXyw Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmbnØocp-∂-Xv. AXv Hcp {]tXyIkn≤n-bm-Wv F∂pw a‰pw Icp-tX-≠-Xn-√. \h\thmt∑jim-en-bmb {]⁄-sb-bmWp \Ωƒ {]Xn` F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. F¥mWp Ie F∂p tNmZn-®m¬ AXp kuµcyØns‚ A¤p-XamWv. F¥mWp imkv{Xw F∂p tNmZn-®m¬ AXv A¤p-X-Øns‚ kuµcyamWv F∂mWp hfsc efnXamb `mjbnep≈ adp-]-Sn. imkv{X-⁄∑m¿ c≠v Bi-b-߃ Iq´n-bn-W°n ]pXn-b-B-i-bw cq]s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Nn¥m-]-c-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-am-W-Xv. Iem-Im-c≥ c≠p `mh-ßsfbpw hnIm-c-ßsfbpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv apºp-≠m-Im-Xn-cp∂ Hcp `mhw \n¿ans®Sp°p∂p. Ch c≠pw XΩn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-]-cambn bmsXmcp hyXymk-hp-an-√. \ΩpsS -a-\- nP\n°p∂hbmWp IYIƒ. Ahsb \mw BZyw a\ n\p≈n¬ A´n-b-´n-bmbn Xnc-am-e-t]mse ASp°n hbv°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv AhsbbmWp ]pdsØSpØp ssIImcyw sNbvXv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. Cu {]{Inbbv°nSbn¬ \mw Pohn®p t]mcp∂ Im-e-Øns‚ {]tXyIX-Iƒ IqSn AXn¬ IS∂p hcp-∂p.

GXmWp `qan-bn-ep-≠mb G‰hpw \√ kmlnXyam[ya{]h¿Ø\w F∂p tNmZn-®mDØcw Ht∂bp≈q˛ alm-`m-cXw. Cu DØcØnseØp∂Xn\v Hcp kwi-bhpw th≠. alm`m-cXw F∂ IrXn Hcp henb dnt∏m¿´m-Wv. dnt∏m¿´¿ Hcp kqX-\m-Wv˛kRvP-b≥. temIØnse F√m kmlnXykrjvSn-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´p-I-fm-Wv. hfsc IrXyambn, `wKn-bm-bn, hniZ-am-bn, kc-k-ambn dnt∏m¿´p sNøp∂ ImcyßfmWv Cu krjvSn-Ifnep≈Xv. alm`m-c-X-Øn-\p-f-fnXs∂ AXn-hn-Z-Kv[-ambn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp dnt∏m¿´mWp `K-h-ZvKo-X. kRvP-b≥ F∂ dnt∏m¿´¿ IÆp-Im-WmØ [rXcm-jv{S-¿°p hnh-cn®p sImSp-°p∂ dnt∏m¿´n\p≈nemWp `K-h-ZvKoX Dƒs∏sS-bp≈ Imcy߃ hcp∂Xv. h≈n ]p≈n sX‰msX, F¥mtWm ImtW≠Xv, F¥mtWm dnt∏m¿´v sNtø-≠Xv AXp IrXyambn dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXv kRvP-b≥, alm-cm-Pm-hns\ tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p. alm-cm-Pmhv Hcn-°epw tIƒ°m≥ CjvS-s∏SmØ ImcyßfmWp kRvP-b≥ At±lsØ tIƒ∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \Ωƒ ]{Xw hmbn-°p-tºmgpw Hcn°epw CjvS-s∏-SmØ Imcyßfm-Wv A[n-Ihpw AXn-ep-≠m-Ip-I. ]t£, \Ωƒ hmbn®psIm≠n-cn°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-t]mse [rX-cm-jv{S¿ tI´p-sImt≠bncp-∂p. AXn\p ImcWw dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXbmfpsS Ign-hm-Wv.

(17)

Xt‚-Xmb apJ-{]-kwKw IqSn Fgp-Xn-bn´mWv kRvP-b≥ë`K-hZvKoX F∂ dnt∏m¿´v Ah-km-\n-∏n°p-∂-Xv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ G‰hpw \√ aoUnbams\∂p kRvP-b-s\ hnfn°mw. GXp dnt∏m¿´n\pw c≠p LSI߃ BhiyamWv. Xømdm°m≥ dnt∏m¿´dpw hmbn°m≥ temIcpw. hmbn°p∂hcpsS temIan-√m-sb-¶n¬ H∂pw dnt∏m¿´p sNøm≥ ]‰n-√. dnt∏m¿´dpsS `mh-\-bn-en´v Nh®c®p ]mI-s∏-SpØn hn`-h-am°n am‰nb ImcyamWp dnt∏m¿´mbn ]pdsØØp∂Xv. CXn\p Ign-bp∂ns√-¶n¬ AXp \s√mcp dnt∏m¿´m-Ip-∂n-√. temI-hpw- th-Ww, dnt∏m¿´dpw thWw˛ F∂mte dnt∏m¿´nMv D≠m-Iq. X\n°p Np‰p-ap≈ kaq-l-Øns‚ sshIm-cn-Iamb kXymhÿ IrXyambn a\- n-em-°m\mWp Imew ]ptcmKan°p∂X\pkcn®v FgpØpImc≥ ]cn{ian®p t]m∂Xv. alm`mcXØn\p tijap-≠mb kmlnXyam[ya{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Hcp-]mSp NphSp am‰-߃ \ap°p ImWm≥ km[n-°pw. ]d-bp-∂Xp ]gb Imcy߃ Xs∂. ]d-bp∂ coXnbnepw k{ºZmbß-fnepw Nn√d am‰ßƒ kw`hn®psIm≠ncp∂p.

N´-°qSv, ssIhnZy XpS-ßnb Imcyßfn¬, Nn√d am‰-ß-tf-bp≈q. Aßs\ am‰w hcpØnbXn-s\bmWp {]ÿm-\-߃ As√-¶n¬ {]h-W-X-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. thZ-ß-fnse BZyIme kq‡-ß-

sfms° hfsc Imev]-\nI-amb {]IrXnkvXpXnI-fmbncp∂p. ]n∂oSp PohnX bmYm¿∞yßsf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂Xpw Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-Isf Ipdn®v ]d-bp∂Xpamb IYIfpsS Imew h∂p.

AXn\p tijw h∂Xv Cu IY-Iƒ°p ]n∂nse am\p-jnI_‘-߃ A]-{K-Yn-°p∂ hni-I-e-\ß-fm-Wv. AXn\p tijw BXy¥nI-amb bmYm¿∞ysØ°p-dn-®p≈ At\zjWØns‚ ImeL´ambn. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ Imev]-\n-IXbv°p PohnX bmYm¿∞yßtfmSv G‰p-apt´≠n h∂-t∏mƒ, Pohn-XØn¬ ZpxJ-ßfpw ZpcnX-ßfpw s]cp-In-b-t∏mƒ, bmYm¿∞yØn\p Imev]-\nI-X-tb-°mƒ ap≥Xq°w h∂p. Aßs\-bmWp dnb-enkw F∂p hnfn°p∂ cN\mcoXn h∂Xv. kXyØn¬ hf¿®bpsS Hmtcm L´-Ønepw kmlnXyØn\v ssieot`Zhpw kw`hn®psIm≠ncp∂p. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w Ign-™-tXmsS a\pjys‚ F√m ]cn-{i-aßfpw hy¿∞amWv F∂ ÿnXn h∂p. F√m-‰n-s\bpw H‰-b-Sn°p \in-∏n-®p If-bm-hp∂ Bbp-[-ß-fpsS hc-thmSp IqSn Pohn-X-Øn-\p ]cmMv-apJXzw D≠m-b-t∏mgmWp tamtU-Wnkw AYhm B[p\nI Xbp≠m-b-Xv. PohnX\ncmi F∂p hnfn°mhp∂ {]tXyIXØzimkv{X-am-bn-cp∂p AXn\p ]n∂n¬. Cu XØzimkv{Xw Iptd°qSn thcp ]nSn-®-t∏mƒ AXy¥m[p\n-IX (Ultra modern) F∂p ]d-bp∂ {]tXyI s{S≥Uv \nehnh∂p.

AXn\ptijw DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX F∂ as‰mcp s{S≥Uns‚ Imeambn. t]mÃv tamtUWnkw AYhm DØcm[p\nIXbv°p tijw kmlnXyØn¬ NphSpd∏n® s{S≥UmWp {Sm≥kv dnb-enkw. CXns\ bmYm¿YymXoXX F∂p hnfn°mw. ^nen∏v sI.-Un-°v 1973 ¬ Fgp-Xnb kvIm\¿ Um¿Iven F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn-emWv Cu s{S≥Uv ImWp-∂-Xv. 1986 emWv CXp {]kn-≤o-Icn®Xv. PohnXbmYm¿∞yßsf bYmXYambn Nn{XoI-cn-°ptºmƒØs∂ AtXmsSm∏w A¤p-X-I-c-amb GXm\pw Imcy߃ IqSn Is≠-ØpI F∂XmWv Cu k{ºZmbØns‚ kz`mhw. Cu kt¶XØnkml-Ncyßfpw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsams° bYm¿∞ kmlNcyßfpsSbpw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Bfp-IfpsSbpw {]Xn-cq-]-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw. ^etam, HcpXcw Aam-\p-jnItemIw krjvSn-°s∏Spw. Cu k{ºZmbØns‚ D]⁄mXmhmb ^nen]v sI. Un°v ]´m-f-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iptd°mew ab°pacp∂n\v ASnabmb HcmfpsS IqsS Ign™p.

CXns\ms° tijw kzm\p`h-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-XmWp ]pXnb kt¶XØnse I∂n°rXnbmb kvIm\¿ Um¿Iven F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

Pqsse 2016

(18)

CØcw am‰ßƒs°m∏w FSpØp]dtb≠ as‰mcp Imcyw IqSnbp≠v. imkv{XØns‚bpw kmt¶XnIhnZybpsSbpw CSs]Sens\ am‰n \n¿Øns°m≠v C\n-b-tßm-´p≈ kmlnXyØn\p \ne-\nev°m-\m-hn√. kmlnXy{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ apIƒ∏-c-∏nse Hmf߃ am{X-amWp s{S≥UpIƒ AYhm {]h-W-XIsf∂p ]dbmw. PohnXbmYm¿∞yßsf AXpt]mse Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w imkv{X-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-tØmsS A¤p-X-I-c-amb Nne-Xns\ Is≠Øp-I-bpamWv {Sm≥kv dnb-en-k-Øns‚ ImX¬. Ccp-]-sØm-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠nse kmlnXy {]h-W-X-bm-Wn-Xv. bmYm¿∞yßsf AhbpsS Np‰p]m-Sn¬ \n∂p {]Xo£m\n¿`-c-amb Ab-Ym¿∞-X-eØn-te°v imkv{X-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS sIm≠pt]m-Im-\p≈ {ia-amWp kmlnXyØnse {Sm≥kv dnb-en-kw. AXn¬ amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-ap≠v, ^m‚kn-bp≠v, kmt¶XnIhnZybp≠v, a‰p ]e-Xp ap≠v. alm-`m-cXØnepw CsXm-s°-bp-≠v. AXn^m‚-kn-bp-≠v, amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-ap-≠v, kb≥kv B≥Uv sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bp≠v. as‰mcp `mjbn¬, alm`mcXØnen√mØsXm∂pw Cu temI-Øn-en-√.

Bscm-s°-bmWv CXnse IYm-]m-{X-߃? thZhymk-\mWv A°m-esØ G‰hpw henb _tbm-f-Pnkv‰v. temIØv BZyambn t¢mWnMv kmt¶XnIhnZy hgn-bm-Wv amwk-]n-WvU-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Iuc-h-cpsS P\-\w. ]m©men Xobn¬ \n∂p≠m-b-Xm-Wv. C°m-eØv Cß-s\-sbmcp IY FhnsSsb-¶nepw tI´n-´pt≠m ? Cu IY \qdp iX-am\w If-hmWvv F∂mWv IY-bpsS {krjvSmhp IqSn-bmb thZhymk≥ ]d™p h®n-´p-≈-Xv. a\pjy\p kXyt_m[-ap-≠m-°m-\mWv CsX√mw Fgp-Xn-h-®n-´p-≈-Xv. \Ωƒ CsXms° kXyamWv F∂p hnizkn°pI-bmWv. cmam-b-W-Øns‚ IYbpw as‰m-∂-√.

AXnse ]pjv]-I-hn-am\w t]mse-bp≈ Hcp slhn shbn‰v {Sm≥kvt]m¿´v hnam-\w Ct∏mƒ t]mepw \ΩpsS `qan-bn¬ Bcpw I≠p]nSn-®n-´n-√. ss]e‰vv th≠. dntam´v I¨-t{Sm-f-mWv. Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bp≈Hcp IY \S-∂-XmWv F∂p hnizkn®v \mw Hcp-]m-SpI-em-]-߃ D≠m-°p∂p. kmlnXyw F∂Xp a\pjys‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb AXyp∂-Xn°pw kt¥m-j-Øn\pw BkzmZ-\-Øn\pw th≠n-bp-≈-XmWv. F∂m¬ AXp a\pjys‚ \ne-\nev]n\p Xs∂ A]-I-S-Ic-ambn amdp∂ Ime-Øn-emWp \Ωƒ Pqsse 2016

Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂-XmWp kmlnXyØnse ZpxJI-c-amb Ah-ÿ. hmbn-°p-∂Xp IY-bmWv F∂p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-b-Ww. AtXkabw hmbn-°p-∂Xp kXyamWv F∂p tXm∂m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ \ap-°Xv BkzZn°m\pw Ign-bn√. \mSIØn¬ A`n-\-bn-°p∂ \S≥ Xm≥ \S-\mWv F∂-Xn-s\m∏w IYm-]m-{X-amWv F∂pw hnizkn°p∂p. H∏w, \mSIw I≠p-sIm-≠p kZ- n-encn-°p∂ Hcm-fmWp Xm≥ F∂pw Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu aq∂p Imcyßfpw HØp-tN-cp-tºm-gmWp \S≥ F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Abm-fpsS ]q¿Æ-X. Hcp kmlnXy IrXn hmbn-°p-tºmƒ AXp apgp-h≥ ]®-°-≈-amsW∂p IcpXp∂Xns\m∏w Xs∂ AXv kw`hyamb Hc-\p`q-Xn-bm-sW∂pw hnizkn°Ww. Cu krjvSn as‰mcmƒ°p ]d™psImSpt°≠n h∂mtIƒ°p∂bmƒ°pw Cu t_m[yßfp≠m°m≥ km[n°Wsa∂p IqSn a\ n¬ k¶ev]n°m≥ km[n®m¬ Abmƒ \s√mcp hmb\°mc\mbn.

Abmƒ am{XamWp \√ hmb\°mc≥. hmb-\-°m-cs‚ ]pXnb s{S≥Uv F¥mWv? C°-gn™ Znhkw C‚¿s\-‰n¬ Xnc-™-t∏mƒ a\ n-em-°nb Hcp Imcyw ]d-bs´. t]mb-h¿jw ]{Xß-fpsS ]ckyhcp-am-\-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X-em-bn-cp∂p hcn-kwJybn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am-\w. F∂p ]d™m¬ IqSp-X¬ t]¿ ]{Xw hmbn-°p∂p F∂¿Yw. X’-abhm¿Ø-Iƒ Adn-bm-\p≈ Zmlw Gdn-h-cn-IbmWv. AXmbXv hmb-\-°m¿ Ipd-™n-´n-√, hmb-\bpsS Afhpw Ipd™n-´n-√.

(19)

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zanbn¬ \S∂ "kvtImf¿ C≥ Imºkv' ]cn]mSnbn¬ {]ikvXkmlnXyImc≥ kn. cm[mIrjvW≥ kwkmcn°p∂p. {]apJ\ncq]Ibpw A°m-Zan ^m°¬‰n-bw-Khpamb tUm. Fw. eoemhXn, sNb¿am≥ sk¿Pn B‚Wn, sk{I´dn sI. Pn. kt¥mjv, C≥Ãn‰yq´v UbdIvS¿ Fw. cmaN{µ≥, Akn. sk{I´dn sI. B¿. {]tamZv Ipam¿ F∂nh¿ kao]w.

CXpt]mse Xs∂bmWp ]pkvXI hmb\bpw.

CXpw cq]`m-h-ß-fpsS am‰-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v.

F¶n¬°qSn hmb\ F°m-eØpap≠m-Ipw. kmlnXyØns‚ N´-°q-Sp-Iƒ Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®p amdp-tºmgpw hmb\ Ipd-bp-∂n-√. Hm¨sse≥ hmb\ sNdp-∏-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Iº-ambn \ne-\nev°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ Iºyq´dn¬ Hm¨sse≥ hmb\ Ipd™p hcn-I-bm-Wv. Hm¨sse≥ -hm-b\ Iºyq´-dn¬ \n∂p samss_-en-te°p amdn. `qan-bn-se-hn-sS-bm-bmepw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sm\p≈ a\pjys‚ Bthiw hf¿Øp∂ ImeØnemWn∂p \mw Pohn°p∂Xv. FhntS°pw A\m-bmkw bm{X sNøm\pw _‘-s∏-Sm\pw \ap°p Ignbpw. `qan-bn¬ FhntS°p t]mIm\pw C∂v GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ aXn. `qan D≠mb Imew apX¬ C∂p-hsc \ap°p km[n-°m-Xn-cp∂ ImcyamWn-Xv. temIw D≈wssIbnse s\√n-°t]mse Npcpßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kmlnXyambmepw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-am-bmepw C°mesØ Nn¥m-hn-jbw Cu `qtKmfw apgp-h-\p-amWv. \mfsØ `qan-bnse Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ `mchm-ln-I-fmWv C∂sØ \h]{X{]h¿ØI¿. ap≥Imeßfn¬ am[ya{]h¿ØI¿°vë"T' h´Ønep≈ ]¶mWp≠m-bn-cp-∂sX-¶n¬ ]pXnb ImeØv AXv Cu `qan apgp-h≥ hym]n-°p∂{X henb ]¶mWv. hfsc henb am\-kn-Im-h-ÿtbbpw henb Adn-hp-I-tfbpw hfsc henb ImgvN-I-tfbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂m-WXv. AXn¬ G‰hpw {][m\amtI≠Xv \mw Pohn°p∂ `qansb∏‰nbp≈ Aht_m[amWv.

C∂sØ \nebv°p `qhn-`h-߃ D]-tbm-Kn°p-Ibpw ]cn-k-csØ aen-\-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm20 sIm√w IqSn Ign-bp-∂Xp hsc am{Xta `qapJØp a\pjysc∂-√, Poh≥ Xs∂-bp-≠mIq F∂-XmWp imkv{Xw Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]c-aamb kXyw. AXmbXv `qan-sb-∏‰n sshIm-cn-I-ambn amdn®n¥n-t°≠-Xp-≠v. \mfsØ `qan-bpsS \S-Øn-∏ns‚ ImcyØnkzbw Xncp-Øm≥ F√mhcpw Xøm-dm-tI≠-Xp-≠v.

B Xncp-Øns‚, {]tbm-‡m-°-fmbpw t{]c-I-cmbpw amtd≠Xp am[yacwK-Øp-≈-hcmWv. \mfsØ `qansb c£n-°m≥ t]mIp-∂Xv Chn-SsØ tUmIvS¿amtcm F≥Pn-\o-b¿amtcm A√, am[ya{]h¿ØIcmWv. Cu Ah-t_m[w D≠m-°nsb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™m¬ hcpwXeapdIƒ°v ChnsS Ign-bm≥ ]‰pw; Cs√-¶n¬ ]‰n√ F∂pd∏v. \ΩpsS ap∂n-ep≈ G‰hpw henb sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wn-Xv. CXp t\cn-Sm≥ Xøm-dmtWm F∂p tNmZn-®mBsW∂p s\©Øp ssIh-®v, [oc-ambpw ka¿∞ambpw ]dbm≥ C∂sØ bpham[ya{]h¿ØI¿°mIWw. (tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS "kvtImf¿ C≥ Imºkv' ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ {]apJ t\mh-enÃv kn.- cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥ "kmlnXyØnse \h-[m-cIfpw amdp∂ hmb-\-°mcpw'í F∂ hnj-b-Øn\S-Ønb {]`m-j-W-Øns‚ {]k‡`mK-߃.)

¤

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Xbmdm°nbXv: ]n. F≥. thWptKm]mPqsse 2016

(20)

ONLINE JOURNALISM: Methods, Diversity and Ethics Roy Mathew a satisfactory revenue model that ensures enough incomes to sustain large-scale operations similar to a newspaper.

However, as computers and mobile devices become integral part of life, online journalism should be flourishing.

O

nline journalism has emerged as distinctive brand of journalism during the past decade. It may be early to say whether news media on the Web would eclipse television as television did the radio. However, its potential is surely high.

Currently the growth of online medium is impaired by absence of Pqsse 2016

The term online journalism (cyber journalism) encompasses, besides publishing of news on the Web, the practice of sourcing information by journalists from electronic sources.

Naturally, it has to be a professional exercise requiring online and journalistic skills. A better term for practice of this brand of online journalism is computer assisted reporting and research (CARR). This article does not cover CARR. However, it can be seen that CARR is part of reporting for online media.

The predominant form of online journalism is news sites on the Web. Delivery of news through mobile devices is a subset of this. In future, they may acquire much more differentiating characteristics. Podcasting, which is essentially audio and video broadcasts through mobile devices and Internet, is also acquiring a distinctive presence on the communication scenario. All these forms of news media are usually referred to as the New Media.

(21)

Characteristics of Online Media What characterises online media is its umbilical relationship with information and communication technologies. As a result, they acquire several of the characteristics of the World Wide Web. One example of this is their universal availability. News sites can be accessed from anywhere in the World or even from outer space.

They also inherit the characteristics of the Web such as capabilities for hyperlinking, multimedia presentations and interactivity. Early Internet scholarship identified these as hypertextuality, multimediality and interactivity.

(Though podcasting is an exception, podcasting Web sites can offer these features.) Archivability may be added to this as another feature.

Linkability The most revolutionary of these features is hypertextuality, which clearly separates the new media from the traditional media.

The traditional media often presented reports in the inverted pyramidal style with the most important facts of the story being told usually in a summary fashion in the beginning.

The narration then moves on to less important details of the story. The radio news bulletins followed a multi inverted pyramidal style after the headlines. Usually, this will be a summary lead followed by a brief inverted half pyramidal narration (Time never allowed broadcasters to complete the pyramid and narrate the story exhaustively). Then, the newsreaders move on to the next important story, making an overall inverted pyramidal outline for the entire bulletin (see figure).

As we know, the bulletins end with the latest headlines.

usually in the form an exchange with the newsreader. Breaking news and scrolling headlines added another dimension.

News worthiness is determined by traditional factors such as conflict, proximity, prominence, novelty, impact and timeliness. In case of television, availability of images plays a role in determining newsworthiness.

The new media has derived its story telling scheme from the traditional media and follows more or less the same criteria for deciding what is newsworthy. However, linkability radically alters the method of story telling. The narration becomes non-linear, as the reader (user) is free to click the links and take a digression.

(However, the story itself may follow the inverted pyramidal style.) In many cases, the user may not even return to the original narration and may even be leaving the site if the link to another site (external).

Linkability essentially provides for branching of stories. The reader could be directed to previous reports on the subject, related stories, background information, definitions and entries in online encyclopedia, original documents and many other kinds of information including maps, infographics, animations, video clips and sound bytes.

The advantage here is that the story could be told more comprehensively. The storyteller

The television partly digressed from this pattern when live reporting became the order of the day. What the reporter often gave live is unstructured facts, Pqsse 2016

(22)

could write his main report for the informed and direct less informed readers to supplementary reports, background information and other material. The reader can click the links if he needed more information.

Technologies now even provide for previous reports to be automatically linked to latest reports. So, the value of archival stories would increase over time even without any intervention by the writer.

The disadvantage is that the many readers would not be reading the story in its entirety. The traditional media also faces this risk. But, in case of the online media, this is high on account of the hyperlink. But, it is to be remembered that the hyperlinks are a value addition over reports in the traditional media. They can guide the reader to unlimited information.

However, links have to be chosen judiciously, especially when providing external links. The links should not become mere exit option for the reader.

He or she should find value in clicking the links. Else news sites will be losing the readers not temporarily, but permanently.

Pqsse 2016

Multimedia Man had known the essential ingredients of multi media for long though in different (non-electronic) contexts. They were part of the folk festivals— banners, songs, dances, fireworks and the liberal sprinkling of colour. But modern mass media could make use of all that together only now, with the help of electronics and information technology. Of course, it is not the same as folk media. Multimedia programmes are often prerecorded and broadcast digitally. But folk media is powerful. So, also is the computerised form of multimedia.

It has been a gradual progress from the time print came into being and started using pictures. Radio combined music and spoken words. Television added colour, graphics, animation and videos. The computer combines text, pictures, graphics, animation, sound and video for the new media.

The synergy is obvious. However, different media are powerful enough on their own accord. When they combine forces, what results is not the total strength of the media. Some force is lost as different forms of the media compete to capture attention of the viewer/reader.

This is why radio gets revived in the form of podcasting (Which is discussed in more detail later.) on the Internet.

People subscribe to podcasts not just because their devices have limitations in receiving audio or video.

So, it is not always advisable to use all media types such as audio, video, photos, infographics, animation and

(23)

text to tell a story. Appropriate media should be selected to tell a story. For example, infographics will be suitable for a story on State Budget. The video of Finance Minister presenting the Budget would be unnecessary though a photo or short clip could be added to show the scene in the Parliament. Animation can be added provided one has a good idea about presenting some aspect of the Budget in a striking manner. But animation, in general, should be used sparingly as it has the potential to distract and even annoy readers. Text is allimportant on the Web. An eye tracking study by Stanford University and the Poynter Institute in the United States (www.poynter.org) showed that visitors scanned for text and links rather than visuals. They did not even care much for animations.

Bandwidth availability at both the host’s and readers end would also determine the choice whether video should be used on a site.

Most sites prefer short clips for this reason. They would clearly indicate videos requiring high bandwidth so that surfers using low bandwidth connections can avoid them. Live coverage of events (Webcasts) is still not the order of the day mainly on account of bandwidth limitations.

Webcasts would turn out to be more common in future as more and more bandwidth become available at low costs. Newsreaders have already appeared in some Web sites (apart from video clips of television broadcasts). Graphical interfaces like annanova <http:// www.annanova.com> add variety.

Interactivity The only interactivity possible in print media is correspondence to the editor such as letters to the editor and contributions to open pages.

Radio and televisions now a days extends this through dial-in programmes. However, Internet and its associated technologies provide the ultimate in interactivity.

Interactivity on the Web exists at more than one level. The navigation scheme on the Web pages can be engaged by the user to find the information she needs. The user would click links, button or chose from drop down or other lists. Search engines can be used for finding and accessing information on the Web servers.

Customisation helps the user to specify the information he wants. Forms and emails are used to receive feedback. Editors can receive comments through forms, moderate them and publish them instantly.

The Internet also provides wider interactivity through discussion forums, news groups, listservs and chats. Some news sites incorporate discussion forums so that readers can discuss current topics. Thus the reader not only interacts with the editors but also with other readers.

News Webcasts may soon feature viewers logging in for live video interactions similar to ‘phone-in’ programmes on television and radio.

Whether this would happen first with television or online media would depend upon the trends in adoption of technology. The technology for television broadcasts to incorporate videoconferencing is already in place. Current trends show that more people would be using mobile devices with video transmission facilities in future compared to Web cameras connected to the Internet. So, mobile devices would be key to ‘video chats’ with viewers in current affairs programmes.

Pqsse 2016

(24) Web pages can be responsive to readers in a number of ways ranging from detecting the system parameters and software to providing additional information. Photographs could show captions (html title) when mouse is moved over it. Similarly, links and infographics could show additional information in response to the readerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s actions. Latest technologies like flash animation and Web 2.0 technologies enhance the possibilities and opens new ways of interactive story telling. Blogs, which we discuss later in this Chapter, adds a new dimension to interactivity and instant publishability.

Archivability and updatability Like linkability, full archivability and full accessibility to archives is something that the traditional media lack totally. It is one of the most powerful features of online journalism.

Archives provide growing material for a news site, which can become a great resource for both reporting and supplying additional information to the reader without significant additional effort.

consequently, the hosting charges.

However, errors in the archives would be a source of continuous embarrassment while correcting them would be troublesome and costly in terms of manpower. Libelous matter could become a perennial problem. Thus, more diligence is actually required in the preparation of matter for the news media on the Web. However, little attention is now being paid to this aspect by most of the online media, partly because that could bog down operations when resources are stretched.

In fact, easy and full updatability is one of the added benefits of the new media. Entire files can be easily replaced with the latest update or version of the story in quick succession. As stated

Traditional media have always struggled to incorporate background information to stories and keep them brief.

The reporters of the online media donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to do this though they may still have to incorporate brief background material to their reports. As previously mentioned, links could automatically placed in past reports to the latest reports. This would help those landing on reports in the archives through search engines or other reference to check the latest development.

Archives on the Web are easy to maintain. The expenses are coming down drastically with reduction in costs of storage media and bandwidth, and Pqsse 2016

earlier, care has to be taken to ensure that at least the final version is accurate and free of libelous material.

(25)

Ethical and other dilemmas The practice of serving news online props up several ethical issues and dilemmas. A major issue relates to hyperlinks, which in fact is defining character of new media.

Some consider deep linking as unethical, and there had even been a few successfully fought court cases against deep linking.

However, as stated earlier, deep linking has become one of the ways the Internet works. It benefits users and even small online news sites (They get traffic, which otherwise would never have come to them, and an opportunity to get noticed if their content is good.) However, at times deep linking and “fair use” of material on the Web has the effect of cannibalizing other people’s work, especially when pictures or videos in a page are deep-linked, instead of the page. Perhaps, the Internet community needs to evolve a code of conduct regarding deep linking.

Gate keeping The abundance of information on the Web and the proliferation of news sites and aggregators have resulted in the online media losing one of the prime functions of the editor: gate keeping. As the virtual space has no boundaries, no gates could stand.

Editor’s job of story selection and prioritization is being taken over by search engines and news aggregators, but his worth in fact checking and copy editing remain.

The editor has little control over what the user would pursue or what links the user would click. So, it pays to be liberal.

However, selection of links is still an editorial prerogative. But, that also is problematic because of the dynamic nature of the Web. The link that was there yesterday may disappear today. The linked pages may even be replaced by new material. So, the editor has to limit his links to authentic and reliable sites. But, total reliability cannot be expected when even government sites drop their domains and get replaced by pornographic material. Some sites undergo occasional overhauling. In this process, old linked material goes missing or is moved to different locations (uniform resource identifiers). Not all care to put redirects in place.

Empowering of small news media The Web has empowered editors of small news media. Some journalists even run news sites individually. It is now possible for them, at least technologically, to reach out to worldwide audience.

The reach has its negative and positive outcomes. The technology has enabled terrorists and fringe groups to reach out to wider audience. Even a small extremist organisation can now take up a worldwide campaign. News sites have also become the tool for malicious campaigns.

Mario Profaca Empowering of the small news media editors, however, has brought several of them into prominence. Bosnian journalist Mario Profaca <http:/mprofaca.cro.net> could reach out to a worldwide audience because of the Web. His special contribution is a global intelligence news portal devoted mainly to news on spies and spying. Many like him venture out into areas that mainstream papers would fear to tread. Tehelka.com could expose official corruption and create a stir in India though its methods may be debatable.

The Maldivian online only Dhivehi Observer <http:// dhivehiobserver.com/> presents and interesting example of how low cost, low risk (since the editor is in selfimposed exile) fight against a dictator could be carried out through online media. The Editor Ahmed Moosa is a founding member of the Opposition Maldivian Democratic Party. He caricatures the Maldives dictator M. A. Gayoom, who was the ruler of the island nation for nearly three Pqsse 2016

(26)

decades, in such fashion that no mainstream newspaper would ever think of doing. However, Mr. Moosa says that he had been able to reach out to the masses of Maldives because of the Internet and dent the image of the dictator for the first time. Rulers are regarded high in the Maldives. Gayoom’s stature got a further boost because he is considered an erudite Muslim scholar. By caricaturing him, Moosa says he could expose the dictator’s weaknesses.

Dhivehi Observer does not have a monopoly in the Internet sphere of the Maldives. A comparison with Minivan News <http://www.minivannews.com/> will show how professional journalism would differ from Moosa’s brand of journalism. The Web edition of Haveeru Daily <http://www.haveeru.com.mv/ english/> will show how the governmentcontrolled media will present news. Thus the reader has the great advantage of comparing and discovering biases though a few clicks. The plurality of the media diminishes the risks of biased and extremists views on the Web. Not surprisingly, Internet users of mainstream media discover biases more easily than the readers of print media. For example, overseas Indians depending on online media for their daily news from India are more vociferous in their complaints about biases. They see Web editions of more than one newspaper and naturally make comparisons. Aggregators make their job easier.

Citizen journalism Trends like citizen journalism, which both the online and print media seem to embrace, raises questions of accuracy and bias. Citizen journalism is basically free reporting by citizens untrained in the methods of journalism. There is little doubt that citizen journalism should be moderated. However, fact checking is always difficult. Many citizen journalists would combine news and opinion and it would be difficult to separate them. This increases the value of professionally produced online media.

It is, however, notable that citizen Pqsse 2016

journalists could bring out news of the Burmese crack down on the uprising by Buddhist monks in 2007. The mainstream media published photos and other information sent in by citizen journalists as their own correspondents could report the truth only under cover.

Copyrights Disregard to copy right by users is another problem that the online media faces. Social networks and blogs usually copy and post material from news sites without consent. Some does this without even knowing the legal implications. Online media would have to be vigilant about this to ensure their long-term sustainability.

Online media tend to follow the click rates and adjust their editorial policy to that. Though they need to watch click rates, it is not without its pitfalls. Users would not be choosing the best stories most of the time. A Chilean newspaper that amended its policies according to click rates ended as a celebrity and gossip tabloid. So, some sections have to be maintained for its value to limited number of users and to protect the standing of the news site. It cannot be assumed that gatekeeping is anathema to online media.

(To be continued)

¤

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is former deputy editor of The Hindu Thiruvananthapuram Email: journalistroy@gmail.com

(27)

{^w h¿Ωm-Pn, hnØv eu

]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p

ssien-am‰w

""ho

im-an-cn-°mw, IpS-bmbv ]nSn-°mw, \msbØ-Sp-°mw, Acn- sIm≠pt]mImw'' F∂p Ihn ]mfhn-i-dn-sb-°p-dn®p ]mSn. ]n∂o-SXp hmcm-¥y-]-{X-ßsf-°p-dn-®m-sW∂p hn.-sI.F≥. ]d-™p. XSn-b≥ kπn-sa‚pƒs∏sS ]mf-hn-i-dn-tb-°mƒ I\w. CSbv°p £oWn-°p-tºmƒ ae¿Øn hmbn-°mw. hn⁄m-\hpw hnt\m-Zhpw In´pw. kzev]w hmIvNm-Xpcy-ap-s≠-¶n¬ GXn-s\-°p-dn®pw Cu Adn-hp-]-tbmKn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]d-bmw. Bcpw Xncn®p ]d-bn√. adn®p ]d-b-W-sa∂p h®m¬Øs∂ AXn\p \nhrØn-bn-√. Ah¿°p ]{X-an-√. A∂v t^kv_p°v C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Szn‰-dn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F¥pw ]d-bmw.

Iºyq-´¿-h-XvI-c-W-Øn\pw t^kv_p-°n\pw Szn‰dn\pw FXn-cmb hmin- t]mepw Ahbn-en-Smw. anSp-°∑m-cmb t^kv_p°v amt\-Pvsa‚ v Iº-\nsb G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ sse°pw In´pw. Ct∏mƒ am¿°‰v tImº-‰o-j≥ ImcWw sse°n\p td‰p Ipd-hm-Wv. Hcp e£w sse°ns‚ hnebv°v BZysØ t^kv_p°v t]mÃnMv amt‰≠n h∂m¬ AXn\p ]Xn\mbncw sse°v {^obmbn \¬Ip∂ tkh-\ÿm-]-\-ßfpw h∂n-´p-≠v. \ΩpsS D’-h-ß-fnse Xr»q¿ ]qcw Akwªn sXc-s™-Sp-∏p t]m-sebm-W-t√m. AXv CØ-hW sXc-s™-Sp∏p IΩo-j-W-dpsS I¿i-\-amb \nco-£-

sI.-F¬. taml-\-h¿Ω

WØn¬ hgn-\osf-bp≈ t]mÃ-dn-s‚bpw PmY-bpsSbpw taf-Øn-s‚bpw IW-s°-SpØp ÿm\m¿∞n-bpsS sNe-hn¬ Iq´psa∂Xp ImcWw BsI XI-cm-dn-em-bn. t^kv_p°pw Szn‰dpw h∂-Xp `mKyw! B¿°pw Btcbpw Ipdn®v Fgp-Xmw. s]mSn at\m-[¿Ωw tN¿Øv F¥pw ]d-bmw. F¥mtcm-]-Whpw \S-Ømw. sse°pw ASn-∏n-®p Xs‚ cmjv{Sob CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬ can®p kwXr-]vX-\m-Imw. Hcp Imcyw am{Xw˛ sNe-hn-√msX Cu ]cn]mSn \S-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ a°tfm t]c-°p-´n-Itfm thWw. C\n hb- p-Im-eØv CXp ]Tn®v sS°n BIm≥ ]d-™m¬ \S-°n-√.

Rm\msI Nn¥m-°p-g-∏-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS sXc-s™-Sp∏p ]cn-]mSn C∆n[w Nm\-ep-Ifnse {]I-S-\-ßfpw samss_-ep-Ifpw IqSn -ssI-b-S°n-bm¬ ]ns∂ AXp shSn-s°´pw B\-Ifpw C√mØ D’-h-ambn amdp-I-bnt√? P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\nXp \√tXm NoØtbm? AsX-¥m-bmepw \ΩpsS kt¥m-j-Øn\p Ipdhp hcpw. Xo¿®. ]t£, Hcp KpW-ap-≠v.

I≠n-´n-t√, ASpØ Imew hsc _m¶p-I-fnBsI Xnc-°m-bn-cp-∂p. _m¶dpw CS-]m-Sp-Im-c\pw ]c-kv]cw ImWpw. kwh-Zn-°pw. CW-ßpw. ]nWßpw. Hcp hy‡n-_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂Xp amdn.

F√mw Hm¨-sse-\m-bn. Cu coXn kaq-l-Ønse H´pan° Xpd-I-fn-te-°pw hnZym-`ym-kw, Btcm-Kyw, I¨kyq-a¿ am¿°-‰nMv XpSßn F√m-bn-S-tØ°pw hym]n-®-t∏mƒ hy‡n-_-‘-an-√mØ Iayq-Wn-t°-j≥ Cu Ime-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-Xbm-bn. BtKm-f-]-c-ambn-Øs∂ s]mfn-‰n-Ivkn-emWv CXv A]-IS-I-c-sa∂p tXm∂p∂ hn[w hf¿∂psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]{X-{]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ CS-\n-e-°m-cs‚ CS-s]-Stem Bh-iytam t]mep-an-√msX cmjv{Sobw ssIImcyw sNøm≥ km[n-°p-sa∂v Ccp-]Xp sIm√w apºp t]mepw Bcpw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-√. t\m°q, hcp∂ am‰w.

Pqsse 2016

(28)

\ΩpsS {][m-\-a{¥n \tc-{µ-tam-ZnPn A[n-Im-cta-s‰-SpØ \mƒ Xs∂ ]{X-k-tΩ-f-\-߃ ths≠∂ph®p. Xs‚ t^mt´m B]vkn-eqsS t\ctØXs∂ {]Nmcw e`n-®n-cp∂ At±lw Szn‰-dneqsS hm¿Ø-Iƒ ]¶p-h-®p. A∂v At±-l-Øn\v 70 e£w Szn‰¿ t^mtfm-th-gvkp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ata-cn°≥ {]kn-U‚ v _cmIv H_m-abpw am¿]m-∏bpw Ign™m¬ BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ cmjv{S-Ø-e-h∑m-cnSzn‰¿ dm¶n-ßn¬ aq∂m-a-≥. ]¥o-cm-bncw ]{X-ßfpw Bbn-c-tØmfw tdUntbm, sSen-hn-j≥ am[y-a-ßfpw t\cn-´p≈ ]Xn-hp-]-{X-k-tΩ-f-\-߃°p th≠n apdhn-fn-Iq´n Db¿Ønb FXn¿∏p-I-sfm∂pw At±lw Imcy-am-°n-bn-√. C∂v _cmIv H_m-a-bpsS t^kv_p°v-˛-Szo‰v Iq´m-bva-bpsS 12.50 tImSn-bpsS hsc ]n∂nem-sW-¶nepw tamZnPn t\cn´p _‘-s∏-Sp∂ 5.65tImSn BfpIfp-ambn BIvSo-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F¥n-\v, \ΩpsS 93 hb- m-b- A-Nyp-Xm\µvPn H‰-b-Sn°p sh_vssk‰pw t^kv_p°pw KqKnƒ π pw Szn‰dpw XpSßn aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°Iw At±-l-Øn\p t^kv_p°n¬ 24000 sse°pw Szn‰-dn¬ 800 t^mtfm-th-gvkns\bpw In´n. ]≠v Iºyq-´-dn-s\-Xn-cmbn i_vZ-apb¿Øn-bXv Bfp-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-´n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Imw, At±lw ]d-™p: ""CXv Hcp h¨th {Sm^n-°-√. \n߃°pw Ft∂mSp t\cn´p _‘-s∏-Smw. AXpsIm-≠mWv Cu \h-am-[y-a-Øn¬ Rm≥ hcp-∂-Xv. {]Xo-£-Ifpw H∏w Ah-t_m-[hpw F\n-°p-≠v.'' apJy-a{¥n ]nW-dm-bn-Pnbpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-cn-eq-sS-b√msX tkmjy¬ aoUn-b-bn-te°p amdn-b-t∏mƒ BZy-a-Wn-°q-dp-I-fn-¬Øs∂ Hcp e£Øn-\-SpØp t^kv_p°v sse°p-Iƒ h∂p.

Pqsse 2016

]{X-k-tΩ-f-\hpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ CS\n-e-°m-c\pw cmjv{So-b-cw-K-Øp-\n∂v Hu´m-Ip-IbmtWm? \ap-s°m∂p Nn¥n-°mw. \ap°v Hcp So®-tdm, s]meokv Hm^o-k-tdm, F≥-Pn-\o-btdm tUmIvStdm, \gvtkm, h°o-tem, _kv ss{Uh-tdm, A°u-≠t‚m F¥m-I-W-sa¶nepw hfsc IrXy-ambn AXn\p th≠ Nne hn⁄m-\-ap-≠v. sNtø≠ {]hrØn-Iƒ°p Nne Afhp-I-fp-≠v. cq]-ap-≠v. ]t£, cmjv{So-b-t\-Xm-hn\v AØcw Hcp hn⁄m-\tam sNtø≠ tPmen-sb-°pdn®v Afthm \evIn-bn-´n-√. P\-\-∑, \oXn \S-∏m°¬, kpc£ XpSßn ]pI-a-d-bn-Sm-hp∂ hm°p-Ifn¬ HXp-°p∂ \n¿h-N-\-ßtf C∂p \mw Ah¿°p th≠n \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWm-dp-≈q. cmjv{So-b-t\-Xr-Xz-Øns‚ BZysØ e£yw `cn-°m-\p≈ A[n-Imcw t\SpI F∂-Xm-Wv. c≠m-atØXv AXp ssIhiw hbv°pI F∂-Xpw. ]≠p cmP-`-c-W-Im-eØv A[n-Imcw ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn e`n®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ CsXmcp {]iv\-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. C∂p cmP-`-c-W-an-√. ]t£, cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ AXns‚ tijn∏p t]mse ImW-s∏-Sp∂ IpSpw-_-`-cWw \ne\n¿Øm\p≈ {]h-WX C¥y-bp-tSXp t]mse-bp≈ IuamcP\m-[n-]Xycmjv{S-ß-fn¬ ]e-bn-SØpw ImWm-sa-¶nepw Ahn-sSbpw P\-ß-fpsS A`n{]mbw X߃°p th≠nbmbn-cn-°-Ø-°-hn[w cq]-s∏-SpØpIsb∂ {ia-I-c-amb _m[yX Cu IpSpw-_-ßfnepw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p-≠v. t\Xmhns‚ aq∂m-asØ e£yw Xs∂ sXcs™-Sp-Ø-hsc am{X-a-√, X\n-s°-Xn-cmbn \n∂-h-scs°m≠pt]mepw Xs‚ t\XrXzw AwKo-I-cn∏n°pIsb∂-Xm-Wv. AXn\mbn Xs‚ sNbvXn-Iƒ Ah¿°p-th≠n°qSn-bmWv F∂ t_m[w Ah-cnsIm≠p-h-c-Ww. AXn\v G‰hpw C^-IvSo-hmb Hcp kwth-Z-\-ssien cq]-s∏-SpØn kzmb-Ø-am-°-Ww. C°m-eØv kmt¶-Xn-I-cw-KØv F∂p-sa-t∂m-Ww ]pd-Øp-h-cp∂ I≠p-]n-SnØ-ßsf kzmwio-I-cn®p am{Xta CXp t\Sm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Zfin am¿®n\pw amthm sk Xpßns‚ temMv am¿®n\pw A∂p ]{X-hm¿Ø-I-fn-eqsS e`n® CtaPv C∂sØ X’-abw B¿°pw t\cn´p _‘-s∏-Smhp∂ sS°o kml-N-cy-Øn¬ e`n-°p-I-bn-√.

ChnsS ck-I-c-amb Hcp hkvXpX {]k-‡-am-Wv. F√m a\p-jy¿°pw tIma-Wmb Hcp kz`m-h-hnti-j-ap-≠v. A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw {]i-kvXn°pw th≠nbp≈ B¿Øn. \njvIm-a-I¿Ωnbpw ^ew C—n°msX I¿Ωw sNøp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-h\pw k¿hkw-K-]-cn-Xym-Kn-bmb k∂ym-knbpw Fs∂ ]pI-gvØp-∂Xv F\n-°n-jvS-a-s√∂p ]d-bp-∂-h\pw F¥n\v, \ΩpsS C∂sØ AWp-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse \mb-I∑mtcm \mbn-Iamtcm Bb \Ω-tfm-tcm-cp-

(29) Øcpw cl-ky-ambn B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv A[nIm-chpw {]i-kvXn-bp-am-Wv. \sΩ A\p-k-cn°p-∂-h¿. \sΩ ]pI-gvØp-∂h¿. \mw ssZh-ßsf krjvSn-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿°p \ΩpsS cq]-tØm-sSm∏w Cu kz`m-h-ßfpw \¬In. Hcp Imcyw ]d-b-s´. A[n-Im-c-tamlhpw {]i-kvXn-Imw-£bpw Zpxkz-`m-h-ßf√; P\‰n°mbn \ap-t°-h¿°p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. X\n°v Ah-bn√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-h¿ I≈w ]d-bp-∂-h-cm-Wv. cmPm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]´mfsØ D]-tbm-Kn®v cmPy-`-cWw t\Snb GIm-[n-]-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Imew Ign-™p.

C\n I¨kyq-a-dn-k-Øn¬ A¿∏n-X-amb hyh-kmb˛- hn]-W-\-cwKw \n¿ÆmbIi‡n-tI-{µ-am-Ip∂ Hcp Ce-IvSdCµn-cm-Km-‘n Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS hep-Xm-Ip∂ P\m-[n-]Xy-co-Xn-bmWp \ne-\n-¬°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS amth-en-∏m-´-n-se-t∏mse Btam-Z-Øn\p tIm¿∏-td-‰pIfpw am\p-j-sc-√mcpw H∂p-t]m-se-bm-sW∂pw tIc-f-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ C∂v Hcp khn-tiAh¿°v B]-Øn-√m-Xn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw B{KjX \ap°p ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS cmjv{Sob ln°p∂ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmWp th≠-Xv. Ncn{Xw Hcp ]m¿´n-bp-tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ c≠p {][m\]m¿´n-Ifpw Ahsc `cWw t\Sm≥ klm`c-Wm-[n-Im-cnsb sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂ {]{In-bbn®p `cWw \ne-\n¿Øp∂ A\-h[n sNdp-]m¿´nbn¬ cmjv{So-b-∏m¿´n-bmWp kp{]-[m-\-L-S-Iw. Ifpw tN¿∂ Iq´m-bva-bp-tSXmWv. ChnsS apJy-a]m¿´n-Iƒ°v Ah-bp-tS-Xmb Imgv®-∏mSpw XØz-im{¥n°p Xs‚ H∏-ap≈ ap∂-Wn-I-fpsS ÿm]n-X-Xmkv{Xhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ]t£, ]m¿´n-bpsS t\XrXv]-cy-߃°pw kΩ¿±-߃°pw hg-ßm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Xz-Øn-eqsS A[n-ImcØnse-Øp∂ t\Xm-hn\p \nhrØn-bn-√. aXhpw kºØpw {Inan-\-en-khpw Cu XmXv]cyw ]m¿´n-bpsS \bhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb XmXv]-cy-߃°p i‡n \¬Ip-∂p. AXn-t\-°mƒ A¥na-e-£yhpw t\Sm≥ thm´-d-∑m-cpsS henb `qcnZb-\obw an°-hmdpw F√m ]m¿´n-I-fn-sebpw ]-£sØ H∏w Iq´m≥ Xs‚ A[n-Im-chpw {]iDƒt∏mcpw {Kq∏n-khpw t\Xm-hn\p hcp-Øp∂ kvXnbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°pIsb∂-Xm-Wv. _e-lo-\-X-bm-Wv. CXn-\-∏p-d-ambn H∂pIqSnbp≠v. P\-ß-fpsS ]t£, Cu Ncn-{X-kXyØn\v Hcp am‰w C∂p kmaq-ly-hpw hy‡n-]-c-hp-amb D∂-a-\-Øn\pw \oXn\mw ImWp-∂p. i‡cpw km[m-c-W-°m-cs\ a\- ne-`y-Xbv°pw th≠p∂ Icp-°ƒ Xs‚ Imgv®-∏m-Snem-°p-∂-h-cp-amb, `c-W-ti-jn-bp≈ Ht´sd t\Xm-°Xbm-dm°n \¬IpIsb∂ e£yw t\Sm-\p≈ F√m ∑msc Ign™ Adp-]Xp h¿j-ambn tIc-f-Øn\p {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-∏m-°pI F∂e`n-®n-cp-∂p. ]t£, BZy-am-bn-´mWp Xs‚ kz¥w Xm-W-Xv. C¥y-bn¬ Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp `c-W-cw]m¿´n-sbbpw ap∂-Wn-bnse sNdp-]m¿´n-I-sfbpw KØv A∂phsc B¿°pw ]cn-Nn-X-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ P\mXs‚ ho£-W-Øn\p XnI®pw A\p-tbm-Py-ambn [n-]-Xy-ssien sIm≠p-h∂v AXns\ i‡-am-°p-∂Xn¬ {i≤ tI{µo-I-cn-®p. At±-l-Øn-\p- tijw A[n- \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ A[n-Imcw Hcp P\-t\-Xm-hn\p e`n-°p∂Xv. Im-chpw {]i-kvXnbpw ssIh-cn® \ΩpsS {][m-\-a{¥n-am-cn¬ kz¥-am-b- Im-gv®-∏mSp {]mh¿Øn-I-amChnsS ]mc-ºcy]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ssien Hcp °m≥ kml-Ncyw e`n-®Xv Cµn-cm-Km-‘n°pw \tc-{µBkvXn F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ _m[y-X-bmbn cmjv{Sob tam-Zn°pw am{X-am-Wv. Xs‚ ]m¿´n°p ]q¿W-amb t\Xr-Xz-߃ IW-°m-°n-bm¬ AXn¬ Hcp sX‰p`qcn-]-£w; ]m¿´n-bn¬ X\n°p ]q¿W-amb A[nan√. C∂sØ hyh-ÿm-]nX]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-cwImcw. Ch c≠pw e`n-®Xv Ch¿°p am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.

KsØ bphXe-apd Kuc-h-ambn Nn¥n-t°≠ LS-I-I£nIfp-sStbm kz¥w ]m¿´n-bnse kl-{]hnj-b-am-Wn-Xv. h¿Ø-I-cp-sStbm FXn-cm-fn-I-fp-sStbm kΩ¿±¤ Øn\p hg-tß≠ \ne-bm-bn-cp∂p cmPohv t\mh-enÃpw "ho£Ww' ap≥ No^v FUn-‰-dp-amWv Km‘n°pw, Xß-fpsS Imem-h[n ]q¿W-am-°nb a‰p teJ-I≥. c≠p {][m-\-a-{¥n-am-cm-bn-cp∂ \c-knw-l-dm-hp-hn\pw C˛-sabn¬: klmv@rediffmail.com AS¬ _nlmcn hmPvt]-bn°pw t]mepw. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pqsse 2016

(30)

Shoma A. Chatterji

LOOKING BACK ON DD7 Chaitali Dasgupta and Saswati Guhathakurta The two matriarchs of Kolkata doordarshan

W

hen Kolkata Doordarshan, now better known as DD7 began operations, two beautiful young ladies began their journey as anchors, news readers, interviewers, commentators of everything related to culture, literature, music, theatre, dance and the works and remained with DD7 till they retired after nearly four decades with their days haunting them with rich nostalgic stories, their relationship with their audience, their rising number of fans and admirers and so on. Their stories, individual and together, read like the scripts of interesting films with a lot of interesting spice that become a learning experience of those who are audience to it.

Pqsse 2016

Chaitali Dasgupta and Saswati Guhathakurta come from two different culturally rich and renowned families of Kolkata. Their entry into Doordarshan was by accident as both of them were college students and visited the office separately as visitors and the jobs as if fell suddenly onto their surprised laps. Since there was no one in the field at the time for the ladies to learn or take over from, they had to practically create, define and invent their own signatures for every news-reading slot, every interview slot and every anchoring slot themselves, mostly as a joint effort. They are now famous for having redefined the art of the namaskar done every so

(31)

graciously before and after each show that added to their brand identity at a time when the phrase ‘brand identity’ did not exist.

television each day. Interestingly, the gentleman, who was much older than me, went on to add that he had been seeing me ever since he was a kid on television.” ”As television presenters, we belonged to a world very different from the one we are witness to today,” says Chaitali. “We would travel in mini busses and autos to and fro from office, life was that simple. The fact that we belonged to an era where we were the first and we were present at everyone’s home each day through television made us a part of the lives of all those people who watched television,” she adds.

They also talk about how presenting on television or any other podium has drastically changed over the years, the legendary duo went on to admit that the new generation of television anchors are smarter and technically but a little bit of research will take them even further. They had to make adequate changes in their dressing styles in terms of colour combination, matching and so on when television changed from B & W to colour.

Chaitali Dasgupta Some of their famous shows are Chiching Phaank, Saptahiki, Darshaker Darbare and interviews with noted personalities from the world of music, theatre, literature, dance which are archived in the Doordarshan Kolkata archives both in B & W and in colour. When the two ladies retired from active service a year or two apart from each other, DD7 began a series of telecasts of their old programmes every week for generations who had never met them and even this archival footage was anchored by the two ladies in the present and the shows were sandwiched between their conversations.

As an example of their popularity among the masses, Saswati revealed an anecdote.

“There was this one time when we had travelled to the hills. I was walking down the road with my children when I saw this elderly couple coming towards me with outstretched hands, trying to figure out who they were, I later realised as they came up to me to speak that they felt a level of familiarity with me since they saw me on

They created their distinguished and very individual sartorial styles and became their own fashion statements with different versions of the sari in handcrafted weaves from Bengal and other parts of the country, flowers in their hair, mostly tied back in a bun, a bindi dotting their foreheads, ornate jewellery and a beautiful smile. Along the way, these two gracious ladies became identified with Bangla Doordarshan.

“But we refuse to be identified as celebrities,” says the very grounded Chaitali who is now a mother of two full-fledged filmmakers Birsa and Ribhu Dasgupta and the mother-in-law of a noted actress Bidipta plus a few grandchildren thrown in for good measure. She is happily married to filmmaker Raja Dasgupta and is the daughter-in-law of the late Harisadhan Dasgupta known as the father of the Indian documentary.

Why do they refuse to be identified with a celebrity status despite their huge popularity spanning two generations of couch potatoes hooked on their television sets from the time when satellite television had not made its entry into their homes? “”A celebrity is usually a star Pqsse 2016

(32) all the way. “We hardly ever fought over a show and the issue of hogging space from the partner was never an issue between us,” says Saswati.

Olo Shoi (Saptarshi Prakashan, Rs 200) is a collection of 30 letters in Bengali Dasgupta and Guhathakurta wrote to each other between December 2012 and January 2014. The book is an instant sell-out awaiting its second edition.

They talk freely about their trials and tribulations in life. From incidents where Chaitali Dasgupta’s father disappeared never to come back to Saswati Guhathakurta’s separation from marriage to starting off with unique initiatives to build their career and finances, as well as their association with Doordarshan and the transition from black and white television to colour Saswati recalled how she once went missing before a live announcement. “With 10 seconds to go, she walked in, adjusting a flower in her hair! We were both relieved and angry. Later, we found out that she couldn’t find the right flower to go with her sari and had stepped out of the station to look for one. She found some lying on the footpath across the office and picked up one before rushing back.”

Saswati Guhathakurta and vice versa and there is this sense of distance, of alienation from their fans. We, on the other hand, are almost like the family members of the families who watch us in their living rooms or bedrooms or even kitchens and are a part of them. They feel close to us and we do not shine and shimmer in the distance like star celebrities do,” says Saswati who was married into the famous Guhathakurta family of Kolkata. Though she has separated from her husband, actor Bhishma Guhathakurta but the two remain friends. They have a talented and beautiful daughter Shreya who is a gifted singer married to a NRI and is settled in Paris. The son is also now an adult.

“Over the years, we became the best of friends,” smiles Saswati and Chaitali backs her Pqsse 2016

Both Chaitali Dasgupta and Saswati Guhathakurta have accomplished many new hallmarks in media and have set exemplary standards of communication on Indian Television. They have left a strong impression on younger generations through their versatile acting prowess in films such as Jaatishwar, Bapi Bari Jaa, Sudhu Tumi and The Endless Wait, Bangali Babu English Mem, Ebar Shabor respectively, not to mention their method in television presenting, which still remains a hallmark for emulation. The everlasting chemistry between them, the bonding and literature, the fights over programming and some time-travel when life in media rested in knowledge and sensitivity have their impressions forever on the sands of time forever.

¤

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 17 books and contributed to many compilations on cinema, family and gender.

Email: shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

(33)

aoUnb ss_‰vkv F≥. ]n. B¿

"ho≠pw hf-b-Wn™v {_n´≥' sX

tck sa {_n´s‚ {][m-\-a-{¥nbm-Ip∂p F∂ apJy-hm-¿Ø-bpsS A\p-_‘-ambn Hcp ]{Xw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb ^o®dn\v Cu Xe-hm-NIw sImSp-ØXv kmaq-lyam-[y-a-Øn¬ N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp kv{Xo {][m-\-a-{¥n-bm-Ip-∂Xv {_n´-\n-se∂√ GXp cmPy-Øpw A]q¿hw Xs∂-bm-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn AXp {]tXyIw ]cm-a¿in°-s∏-Spw. ]t£, hf-b-Wn-s™∂pw kmcn Np‰n-sb∂pw a‰p-ap≈ ss]¶nfn hnh-c-W-

߃ Cu ImeØpw hmbn-t°≠n hcp-∂Xp Iptd hmb-\°msc sNmSn-∏n-°p-sa-∂Xpw kzm`m-hnIw am{Xw. sXtck sabpsS ÿm\-e_v[n {_n´ojv ]{X-߃ ssIImcyw sNbvX coXn ]ecpw hni-I-e\w sNøp-I-bp≠mbn. thehoot.org bn¬ {^oem≥kv tP¿W-enÃv AarXv [n√≥ Fgp-Xnb teJ\w Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂Xv \ΩpsS \m´nse ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ {_n´o-jp-Im-tc-°mƒ F{Xtbm am\y-X-bp≈-h-cmWv F∂m-Wv. s]mXp-cw-KØp hcp∂ kv{XoI-sf-°pdn®p hm¿Ø-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ Ah¿ Hmhp-Nm-ep-I-fn-emWp \ne-bp-d-∏n-°p-I.

Pqsse 2016

(34) \ap°v Cu hI-bn¬ \sΩ-Øs∂ H∂v A`n\-µn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv! Hcp \q‰m-≠n-\n-S-bn¬ G‰hpw \o≠-Imew B`y-¥c sk{I-´-dn-bpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw hln® t\Xm-hmWp sXtck sa. Ah¿ {][m-\-a-{¥nbmtb°pw F∂ hm¿Ø h∂-t∏mƒ apXhm¿Ø-I-fnepw hna¿i-\-ß-fnepw hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifnepw apg-®p-\n-∂Xv Ah¿ Hcp kv{XobmWv F∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°p a°-fn√ F∂Xv Hcp AtbmKy-X-bmbn D∂-bn-®Xv Ah-cpsS FXn-cm-fn-bmbn cwK-{]-th-iw sNbvX B≥{Unb eoUvkw F∂ kv{Xo Xs∂bmbn-cp∂p F∂Xpw {i≤n-°-s∏-´p. a°-fn-√mØ sXtc-k-tb-°mƒ cmPy-Øns‚ `mhnsb-°p-dn®p IqSp-X¬ {i≤n-°pI a°-fp≈ Xm\mWv F∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ]cm-a¿iw. Cu Hcp ]cm-a¿i-Øns‚ t]cn¬Øs∂ B≥{Unb eoUvk-ans\ P\-߃ Atbm-Ky-bm-°n. Ah¿°p a’-ccw-KØp\n∂p ]n≥am-td-≠n -h-∂p. C¥y-bnem-sW-¶n¬, a°-fn√ F∂Xv Hcp Atbm-Ky-Xbmbn Bcpw D∂-bn-°p-Itbbn√. C¥y-bn¬ Ahnhm-ln-X-cmb ]ecpw apJy-a-{¥n-ÿm\w hln-®n´p≠v. Bcpw A°mcyw s]mXp-N¿®-bnan≠m-td-bn-√.

Hcp h\nXm t\Xm-hn\v F{X kmcn-bps≠t∂m sNcn-∏p-s≠t∂m \ΩpsS ]{X-߃ At\z-jn-°m-dn-√. Xangv\mSv apJy-a{¥n Pb-e-fn-XbpsS kmcnbpw sNcn∏pw hm¿Ø-bm-bXv AsXmcp tIkn¬ hnj-b-am-b-t∏mƒ am{X-am-Wv. ]t£, sXtck sabpsS sNcn-∏p-ti-Jcw {_n´ojv SmªmbvUp-I-fpsS CjvS-hn-j-b-am-Wv. ]e ]{X-ß-fnepw Ah-bpsS t^mt´m-Iƒ CjvSwt]mse hcm-dp-≈-XpsIm≠v KqKnfns‚ CtaPv sk¿®n¬ Ah Ft∏mgpw kar-≤-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

kv{Xo {]kn-≤-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS ico-c-`m-K߃ Hmtcm∂pw t^mt´msbSptØm A√m-sXtbm N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-°m-\p≈ ssek≥kv In´nsb∂p IcpXp-∂-h-cmWp {_n´ojv Sm_vtfm-bn-Up-Im¿. apSnbpw Np≠p-Ifpw ]√pw sXmenbpw IÆpw apX¬ ]pd-ØpIm-Wm-hp∂ GX-h-bhhpw N¿®bv°p hnt[-b-am°mw F∂-XmWv Ah-cpsS \ne-]m-Sv. ]t£, \ΩpsS am[ya-߃ Hcn-°epw Aßs\ sNøm-dn-√. h\nXm sS∂okv Xmc-ß-fpsS XpS am{X-amWv A]-hmZw; AXp-t]mepw N¿® sNøm-dn-√. tkmWn-bKm‘nbpw {]nb-¶h{Zbpw Pb-e-fn-Xbpw aa-X_m\¿Pnbpw ambm-h-Xnbpw kpjam kzcmPpw a‰pw Iptd-°m-e-ambn cwK-Øp-s≠-¶nepw ]{X-߃ Ah-cpsS slb¿ ssì am‰-߃ dnt∏m¿´v sNøm-dn-√. AX√ ]m›m- X y- c psS Ah- ÿ . lnemcn ¢n‚≥ ]d- b m- d p≠t{X˛ ""Fs∂-°p-dn®v Hcp kNn-{X-hm¿Ø ]{X-ßf - psS H∂mw t]Pp-I-fn¬ hc-W-sa∂p tXm∂n-bm¬ Rm≥ slb¿ ssì H∂p -am-‰pw.'' sabv c≠mw hmc-Øn¬ and¿ ]{Xw \of≥ Xes°´p sImSp-ØXv sXtck sabpsS hkv{X-Øns‚bpw sNcn-∏n-s‚bpw \nd-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-bncp∂p. Ign™ h¿jw sUbven sabn¬ Ah-cpsS ]mZ-c£mtiJ-c-w kw_-‘n®v Hcp teJ\w {]kn-≤oI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcn-°¬ _P-‰-h-X-c-W-\m-fnAh¿ ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ hcp-tºmƒ [cn® ªukn-eqsS amdnSw ]Xn-hn¬ IqSp-X¬ Zriy-am-bn-cp-∂p. am[y-a߃ Cf-In-a-dn-bm≥ CXp-a-Xn-bm-bn. A∂sØ Nm\ep-I-fnepw ]nt‰-∂sØ ]{X-ß-fnepw _P-‰-√, amdn-SamWp IqSp-X¬ henb N¿®-bm-bsX∂v Btcm FgpXn-bXv AXn-itbm‡n-bmImw! \ΩpsS ]gb bP-am-\-∑m-cpsS \ne-hm-c-Øn\Ωƒ C\nbpw FØm-ØX - nepw \ap°p kam-[m-\n-°mw.

IS-∏mSv : thehoot.org

GXp {]kn-U‚ v h∂m-epw...

A

[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øp∂ t\Xm-°ƒ°p am[y-a-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-tfmSv AI¬®bp≠m-Ip-∂Xv Hcp BtKmf{]Xn-`m-k-amtWm? Dd-∏n-s®m∂pw ]d-bm-\mIn-√. F∂m¬, Cu {]h-W-X-sb-°p-dn®v Ata-cn°bnse am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw N¿® sNøp∂p F∂-Xv, CsXmcp H‰-s∏´ kw`h-a-s√∂p sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. {]kn-U‚ v ÿm\-tØ°p \S-°m≥ t]mIp∂ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v Ac-sßm-cp-ßp-tºmƒ ]e apJy-∑mcpw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Isc ImWm≥Xs∂ Iq´m-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv ssh‰v lukv Id-kvt]m≠‚ vkv Atkm-kn-tb-js\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p-∂p-≠v. dn∏-ªn-°≥ ÿm\m¿∞n-Xz-Øn\p {ian-°p∂ sUmWƒUv {Sw]v CubnsS Hcp ]{X-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Nne am[ya-{]-h¿Ø-Isc ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ Xs∂ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. lnemcn ¢n‚-\m-Is´ Nnesc tNmZyw tNmZn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. ImcWw H∂p Xs∂.

Ah-sc-gp-Xp∂ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°p Xosc cpNn-°p-∂n√. c≠p t]cn¬ Bcp {]kn-U‚m-bmepw X߃°p IjvS-Im-e-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p `b-s∏-Sp-I-bmWp ssh‰v lukv teJ-I¿. ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒs°-Xntc {]Nm-c-W-Øn\pw {]Xn-tj-[-Øn\pw Hcp-ßp-IbmWv Ah-cpsS kwL-S-\. 2014 ¬ \qdp- h-b p ]n∂n´ kwL-S-\-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ 250 ¬ Gsd AwKß-fp-≠v.

Pqsse 2016

(35)

amen\n kp{_-“-Wy-Øn\p kn.-]n.-sP. ]pc-kvImcw A

¥m-cm-jv{S-X-e-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ am[ya-kzm-X{¥y-kw-c-£Wÿm]-\-amb IΩn‰n Sp s{]m´Iv‰v tP¿WenÃvkv 2016 se ]{X-kzm-X{¥y]pc-kvIm-c-߃ {]Jym-]n-®p.

A©p t]¿°mWv Ahm¿Uv; AXn-sem-cmƒ C¥y°mcn amen\n kp{_-“-Wy-am-Wv. CuPn-]v‰nse {^oem≥kv t^mt´m-{Km-^¿ salvaqZv At_m koZv (jm-Im≥), Xp¿°n Zn\-]-{Xw Ipwlq-dn-sbXv FUn-‰¿ Im≥ Zp≥Zm¿, F¬km¬h-tZm¿ C≥sh-Ãn-tK-‰ohv tP¿W-enÃv HmkvI¿ am¿Sn-s\kv F∂n-h¿°mWp ]{X-{]h¿Ø-\-an-I-hn-\p≈ _lp-a-Xn-Iƒ. am[y-a-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\p th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ Z _¿t´m¨ s_©-an≥ kvamcI]pc-kvIm-c-Øn\v kn.-F≥.-F≥. B¶dpw No^v C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Id-kvt]m-≠‚p-amb {InÃym\ Aam≥]u¿ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. amen\n kp{_-“-Wyw, amthm-bn-Ãp-Ifpw kpc-£m-tk\bpw XΩn¬ cq£-t]m-cm´w \S-°p∂ OØo-kvK-Vnse _kvXm¿ {]tZ-i-Øp-\n∂p t\cn´p dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-cp∂ A]q¿hw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cn¬ Hcm-fm-Wv. scroll.in F∂ \yqkv sh_vssk-‰n-\p -th-≠n-bmWv {^oem≥kv ]{X-{]-h¿ØI-bmb Ah¿ {][m-\-ambn dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xv. h\n-X-Iƒ°pw Ip´n-Iƒ°pw FXnsc a\p-jym-hImiewL-\-߃ \S-°p∂ AhnsS Xma-kn®p dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXXp ImcWw ]e-t∏mgpw Ah¿°v A{I-ahpw `ojWnbpw t\cn-tS-≠n- h-∂n-´p-≠v. kmbp-[-kw-L-߃ Ah-cpsS hoSm-{I-an-°p-Ibpw h[-`o-jWn Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. s]meokv t{]c-W-tbmsS kao-]-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah¿s°-Xntc Xncn-™-t∏mƒ Xma-kn-°m-\n-S-an-√msX _kvXm¿ hnSm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-bm-bn. Cu taJ-e-bn¬ kzX-{¥-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\w Akm-[y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bmsW∂v kn.-]n.-sP.-bpsS k¿th shfn-hm-°n.

1996 emWv kn.-]n.-sP. Cu ]pc-kvIm-c-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb-Xv. B h¿jw Iivao¿ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mb bqk^v Pamen\v Cu _lp-aXn e`n-®n-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v Ct∏mƒ amen-\n°p am{X-amWv Cu Ahm¿Uv e`n-°p-∂-Xv.

amen\n kp{_-“-Wyw sIbvtdm-bnse P\-Iob{]t£m`w dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Pbnen-e-Sbv°-s∏´ t^mt´m-{Km-^-dmWv CuPn]v‰nse salvaqZv At_m koZv. `c-W-clkyw tNm¿Øn F∂ t]cn¬ A©ph¿jsØ XS-hp-in£ A\p`-hn-°p-IbmWp Xp¿°n Zn\-]-{X-amb Ipwlq-dnsbXv FUn-‰¿ Im≥ Zp≥Zm¿. temIØnse G‰hpw Db¿∂ sIme-]m-X-I-\n-c°p≈ F¬km¬h-tZm-dn¬ A{I-a-߃ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ h[-`ojWn t\cn-Sp∂ tP¿W-en-ÃmWv HmkvI¿ am¿Sn-s\-kv. temI-sØßpw \S-°p∂ a\p-jym-hImit]mcm-´-ßsf ]n¥m-ßp-Ibpw ewL\-ßsf sNdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ {]ikvXZriy-am-[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-bmWp {InÃym\ Aam≥]u¿.

kam-[m\w D≠m-°m≥ ]{X-\n-tcm[w!

A

Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°p tijw Hcp ]t£, BZy-ambn Hcp kwÿm-\Øp aq∂p Znh-k-tØ°v HutZymKnI]{X-\n-tcm-[\w {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´p. hnL-S-\-hm-Zn-I-fpsS tkmjy¬ ao-Unb {]h¿Ø-\-߃°p t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ 21 Imc-\mb lnkv_pƒ Iam≥U¿ _p¿lm≥ hm\n s]meokv \S-]-Sn-bn¬ acn-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂p {]t£m`w Bfn-°-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Iivao¿ Xmgvhc-bn-em-sI. Pqsse-bn¬ \S∂ A{I-a-ß-fnepw s]meokv shSn-hbv]-n-ep-ambn \mev]-Xn-te-sdt∏¿ ac-W-a-S-™n-cp-∂p. CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂mWp IqSp-X¬ A{I-a-kw-`-h-߃ D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ Pqsse 16 apX¬ aq∂p Znhkw kºq¿Whm¿Øm-ªm-°u´v k¿°m¿ {]Jym-]n-®p. ]{X-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ IS-∂p-sN∂ s]meokv ]{X-s°-´p-Iƒ XS-bp-Ibpw Poh-\-°msc IÃ-Un-bn-se-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvX-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´p-≠v. samss_¬, C‚¿s\‰v tkh-\-߃ A{Iaw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒØs∂ hne°n-bn-cp-∂p. I¿^yqhpw l¿Ømepw ImcWw P\-߃ hoSp-I-fn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-√.

Pqsse 2016

(36)

sF.-F-kv.-sF.-F- ns\ sh√p-hn-fn®p kndn-b≥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ sF

.-F-kv.-sF.-F- ns‚ Incm-X-\-S-]-Sn-I-fnss[cyw tNmcmsX kndn-b-bnse d°m ]´-W-ØnA≠¿ {Ku≠v t]mcm´w \S-Øp-I-bmWv l w Cuk-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ kn‰n-k¨ tP¿W-enÃp-I-fpsS sNdnb kwLw. \nbaw ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-t°-bmWv Cuk AXpt]-£n®p `oI-c-X-bvs°-Xn-tc-bp≈ t]mcm-´-Øn\n-d-ßn-b-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ c≠p kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc C\n\Iw sF.-F-kv.-sF.-F- ns‚ sIme-bmfn kwL߃ Is≠Øn h[n®p Ign-™p. 18 t]¿ Ct∏mgpw sh_vssk-‰p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw a‰pw sF.-F-kv.-sF.-Fkv. hncp-≤-{]-Nm-cWw XpS-cp-∂p-≠v. 2013 \p tijw kndnb-bn¬ 27 am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Isc C°q-´¿ h[n-®n-´p-≠v. ]Xn-s\m-∂p- t]sc ImWm-\n-√.

GI-temIam[y-a-]p-c-kvImcw G‰p-hm-ßm≥ CubnsS Cuk e≠-\n-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ {]kv Kk‰v {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ teJ-I¿ At±-lhpambn A`nap-J-kw-`m-jWw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp-]mSp `oI-ckw-L-S-\-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w I≠n-´p-s≠-¶nepw sF.-

F-kv.-sF.-F- n-s\-t∏mse IÆn¬t®m-c-bn-√mØ {Iqc-X-Iƒ s]mXp-\n-c-Øn¬hsc Im´m≥ aSn-bn√mØ as‰mcp Iq´-scbpw C°mewhsc I≠n-cp-∂ns√∂v At±lw ]d-™p. ]qt¥m-´-Øn¬ s]¨Ip-´ns°m∏w Ccp∂ Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ sXcp-hn¬ Nm´hm-d-Sn-°p-∂Xp t^m¨ ho-Un-tbm-bn¬ ]I¿Øn kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-Øn-se-Øn® tijw Cukbv°p kndn-b-bn¬ \nev°m≥ Ign-™n´n√.

2011 \p tijw 4,70,000 ]uc-∑msc sF.-Fkv.sF.-F- ns‚ `oI-c¿ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bmWp Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ ]Øn-sem-cmƒ sIm√-s∏-Sp-Itbm ]cn-t°ev°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

hm¿ØmNm\-ep-Ifpw `oj-Wn-bn-emWv ]p

Xp-X-e-ap-dbpw ]gbXeap-dbpw XΩnG‰hpw {]I-S-amb hyXymkw F¥p-Im-cy-Øn-emWv? hnhm-ltam `£-Wtam cmjv{So-btam H∂p-a-√, Fßs\ hm¿Ø kzoI-cn-°-s∏-SWw F∂Xn-emWp Xe-ap-d-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ henb A¥cw \ne\nev°p∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°-bnse {]ikvX-amb ]yq dnk¿®v sk‚¿ Kth-j-W-Øn-eqsS FØnb \nK-a-\-amWnXv. ss\‰v ^ut≠-j-\p-ambn tN¿∂m-bn-cp∂p ]T-\w.

18\pw 29\pw CS-bn-ep-≈-h-cn¬ 54 iX-am\w B{K-ln°p-∂Xv hm¿Ø \n¿_-‘-ambpw UnPn-‰¬ cq]Øn¬ In´Ww F∂m-Wv. 30-˛49 {]mb-°m-cn-¬ 38 iXam-\hpw 50-˛64 {]mb-°m-cn-¬ 12 iX-am-\hpw am{XamWv Cu XmXv]-cy-ap-≈-h¿. samss_¬ t^mWns‚ Imcy-Øn-em-Is´ A¥cw CXn-t\-°mƒ hcpw. 18-˛29 {Kq∏n¬ 70 iX-am\w hm¿Ø samss_t^mWnte hmbn°q F∂p ]d-bp-∂-h-cm-Wv. 2013 53 iX-am\w sNdp-∏-°mtc hm¿Ø t^mWn¬ hmbn®n-cp-∂p-≈q.

Pqsse 2016

]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bpsS amdp∂ A`n-cpNn A®-Sn-∏{X-ß-sf-bmWp _m[n-°pI F∂m-bn-cp∂p s]mXp[mc-W. AXp amdp-I-bm-Wv. ]yq dnt∏m¿´v {]Imcw Sn.-hn.

ImWp∂ bphm-°-fpsS FÆw Ipd-bp-I-bm-Wv. AºXn-\p- ta¬ {]mb-ap-≈-h-cn¬ 72 iX-am\w t]¿ hm¿Ø-b-dn-bm≥ Nm\-ep-Isf B{in-°p-∂p-sh-¶nsNdp-∏-°m-cn¬ 29 iX-am-\ta Aßs\ sNøp-∂p-≈q.

Z tamtU¨ \yqkv I¨kyq-a¿ F∂ t]cnCu dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]q¿W cq]w ]yq dnk¿®v sk‚¿ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. http://www.journalism.org/2016/07/07/themodern-news-consumer/

¤ ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ap-Xn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw tImf-anÃpw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: nprindran@gmail.com

(37)

Students’ Corner

Of Cultural Imperialism and Autonomy W

e are used to the term, imperialism, because for almost two hundred years India was under the British Emperor and all the dozen or so Indian provinces were directly administered by him or her. But imperialism was not peculiar to the British; it was imperialism of many nationalities that ruled over most people and regions of the world in different centuries, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries. The world remained under various emperors for a long time—whether it was the ancient Ashanti rulers of Africa, Pharaohs of Egypt, Charlemagne or the Holy Roman Emperors, Genghis Khan or Kublai Khan in China or Ashoka or Akbar in India, or Emperors of various dynasties in Europe. Modern France had Napoleons anointed as emperors; the Germans and the Japanese too had empires. The United States had its brief period of colonial suzerainty over weak nations such as the Philippines and Liberia.

J. V. Vil’anilam

advertising agencies and various other inter-linked instruments of communication continue unhindered because the economic structure and dependence of the world’s nations have not changed much despite political independence in many nations that are members of the UN.

Movements by the native populations for political freedom from the colonial yoke gained strength in course of time and colonized nations of the so-called Third World consisting of Asia minus Japan, Africa, Latin America and the islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and the Indian oceans became politically independent of their colonial and imperial masters. Imperialism of the old variety is almost non-existent in the modern world, but cultural imperialism continues and the instruments of global communication, such as international news agencies, global Pqsse 2016

(38) The headquarters of all the global communications and the attempts to influence the culture in different parts of the world are active mostly through global media companies in the “developed”, rich and one-time colonial master countries of the world. The structure of international communication is shaped by the international news agencies—Reuter in London; Associated Press (AP), and United Press International (UPI), in New York; Agence France Press (AFP), in Paris; Deutsche Press Agentur (DPA) in Bonn. There are other big press agencies such as TASS in Moscow; New China News Agency (NCNA, Xinhua) in Beijing); Middle East News Agency (MENA) in Cairo; Press Trust of India (PTI) and United News of India (UNI); and Kyodo News Agency in Tokyo, but these news agencies are not as widespread and powerful as the news agencies of UK, USA or Europe since they have several hundred branches all over the world and they have been in existence for a little over a century .

It is the voice of the powerful we usually hear in the media agencies –news and non-news items. Even entertainment in developing countries often follow the patterns set in developed countries. Cultural imperialism is therefore a reality in today’s world. The cultural artifacts from the less economically powerful and politically weak countries are not usually experienced in the world.

This imbalance in the structure of international news in the modern media world was first noted and documented in the UNESCO’s Many Voices One World, almost the Bible of modern communication scholars prepared by an International team of scholars under the chairmanship of Sean MacBride, a one-time Prime Minister of Ireland, a winner of Nobel and Lenin Prizes. The Commission was set up by the UNESCO in 1978 for studying the various problems of communication faced by the entire world and it had representatives from different parts of the world’s developed and developing sectors. India was represented by the well-known scholar and newspaper editor, B. G. Verghese.

It is not only news but cultural products such as big movies and television programmes Pqsse 2016

that travel with the speed of light to all corners of the world today and it will not be surprising if they influence national culture and inspire local people to think about local problems as if they can be solved through global solutions.

Cultural imperialism is spreading unobtrusively; there is no compulsion from the “producers of culture” but viewing cultural products from outside may give the impression that the basic problems confronting local life and culture can be solved through methods adopted in other lands. The basic problems in India are lack of literacy and education for the majority; low priorities for health and hygiene; an absence of proper housing with toilet facilities for 70 per cent of the total population; scarcity for safe drinking water for a very huge number of people; and a general awareness among people about their rights and responsibilities. Even according to the central government’s statistics, 65 per cent or more of the people are absolutely poor, despite various schemes specially designed for the poor. Television and mobile phone culture is fast spreading in the country but dry latrines in poorly built tenements or in the open fields are so common and in certain areas manual scavenging of human refuse and garbage is resorted to. According to some statistics there are a million or more of manual scavengers, some of them carrying human refuse as head-loads for considerable distances and dump it on the open fields.

There is no attempt by scientists for converting the waste into manure for agricultural

(39) fields. Rivers and lakes become the convenient dumping grounds for human and animal waste. We have the technology and the personnel, but decision-makers do not have the will to tackle the problem of waste-disposal because traditionally certain castes were assigned by society to handle the waste and those castes were not considered human enough to deserve dignity that ought to be given to all human beings. Some of those who build nuclear plants and space ships must devote a few hours every week for finding solutions to human waste and garbage disposal!

A prominent Western scholar (who until his recent death) devoted a great deal of time, money and energy on the ill effects of global culture on local cultures was Herbert I Schiller whose seminal work* has influenced dozens of international communications scholars. The world is said to have grown into a global village, a term first used by the Canadian researcher, Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. There are many theoreticians who value this Herbert I Schiller phrase with the utmost respect, but Schiller has shown conclusively that though there is some technological justification for the expression, there is no sociological support for it. More than 70 per cent of this ‘village’ is living a miserable life; some of them may enjoy a few cultural products manufactured in distant lands or in one’s own land in imitation of what is happening elsewhere but they fail to alter their life in any substantial manner. About half the population in this global village is illiterate or uneducated, ill-housed, malnourished, unemployed or under-employed. About two-thirds are earning less than half a U.S. dollar a day! And most of them face severe problems of survival. What is the big point in saying that a good number of these unfortunate people have some audio-visual media or the mobile phone to share their misery or commiserate with fellow-beings?

Cultural imperialism is a phenomenon exercised wittingly or unwittingly be the politically and economically more powerful on the weak within the same nation or internationally. Alien culture is imposed by the more powerful on the weak for taking advantage of the latter. This phenomenon has been in operation from ancient time onwards, but resistance to such imposition of culture is also old. The economic and cultural history of various nations is testimony to cultural imperialism.

Man is born free but found everywhere in chains of sociocultural, political and economic chains. All independence movements are basically aimed at restoring man’s freedom from these chains, although some kind of interrelationship between human beings as well as between human beings and Nature are inevitable to build bridges of understanding among people and nations since the basic nature of all human beings in all climes and cultures is universally the same—harmonious ties among people and the inevitable respect for human life and for Nature that envelops all of us.

But it remains a fact that some countries try to dominate others economically, politically and culturally but civilized behaviour goes against such domination.

Human beings’ basic desire is to be free of the shackles of domination by other human beings. All humans want cultural autonomy in order to be free from political, economic and social domination. Cultural invasion through educational and media channels has to be resisted.

Every nation has evolved its own culture over the centuries. As McQuail says: “The value attributed to a national culture is rooted in ideas developed during the 19th and 20th centuries, when national independence movements were often intimately connected with rediscovery of distinctive national cultural traditions.”

People in traditional societies are afraid that their way of life is likely to be destroyed by cultural products from abroad. This fear is shared by people in the Southern states of India too! Nations, subnational groups and linguistic Pqsse 2016

(40) minorities are also worried that their versions of the Ramayana or Mahabharata will be dominated or altered by different and frequently telecast or broadcast interpretations of the same classics in the Northern regions.

“Cultural invasions” in the Muslim world are also not uncommon. Cultural autonomy is desired by small as well as large groups. And yet, cultural autonomy is not easy to achieve in an inter-dependent world.

Cultural autonomy is possible only when individual autonomy is possible. Since man is a social animal and every human being is endowed with the natural capacity to think independently, harmony can be built only when everyone is capable of accepting the other as he or she is.

There cannot be any forced conversion of one human being to another channel of thinking.

Every human being has or ought to have his or her own freedom to exercise individual freedom so long as it does not hurt others. “One’s freedom to extend one’s hand stops at the next man’s nose!”

In a globalized world, what is needed is respect for all cultures—global, national, regional and local—and a readiness to prevent economic, social and political exploitation of the weaker groups by the stronger ones. Cultural reasons are not to be cited for exploiting historical and commercial weaknesses.

Lastly, media homogenization is sometimes resorted to by global media companies in order to achieve certain economic advantages. Cees Hamelink once looked upon such homogenization as a path towards “cultural synchronization,” meaning decisions on cultural development of a country are made according to the interests of economically powerful global companies and forced upon other nations (weaker ones) to make them dependent..** This trend is harmful to regional/local cultures and it is relevant to the current discussions on allowing higher foreign direct Pqsse 2016

investment (FDI) in India’s media world. Let us end our discussion with a quotation from Denis McQuail: Global media culture may appear valuefree; in fact, it embodies a good many of the values of Western capitalism, including individualism, consumerism, hedonism and commercialism. It may add to the cultural options and horizons for some, but it may also challenge and invade the cultural space of preexisting local, indigenous, traditional and minority cultures.” *** *See his Mass Communication and American Empire, New York: A. M. Kelly, 1965. ** Cees Hamelink, Cultural Autonomy in Global Communication, Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1983. *** Denis McQuail, Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction, New Delhi: SAGE, 5th edition, 2005. ¤ .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Professor Dr.J. V. Vil’anilam was Vice-Chancellor (1992-1996) and Head of the Department of Communication & Journalism (1982-1992) at the University of Kerala. As Professor Emeritus of the UGC he has taught at Berhampur, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Calicut, Dharwar, and Mangalore universities from 1996 onwards.

Visit his website: www.vilanilam.com.

(41)

ap≥t] ]d-∂-h¿

]n. kpPm-X≥

Ip´n-∏-{X-ß-fpsS Iq´p-Im-c≥

_

¿WmUv jvdnwkven A¥-cn-®t∏mƒ {_n´-\nse am[y-a-ß-sf√mw "s{_Ivkn‰v' P\-ln-X-]-cn-tim-[-\bv°p apºp-ff {]Nm-c-W-Øn-c-°n-em-bn-cp-∂p. {_n´ojv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\Øn\p ]pØ≥ cq]-`m-h-߃ \¬Inb _¿WmUv Ip´n-∏{X-ß-fpsS (SmtªmbnUv) {]Nm-c-I\pw {]tbm-‡mhpambmWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. dq]¿´v a¿tUm-°ns‚ hew-ssI. lnX]cntim-[-\-bpsS tImem-l-e-߃°n-S-bnepw {_n´-\nse am[y-a-ß-sf√mw At±-l-Øn\v henb BZ-chv A¿∏n-®p. Km¿Un-b\pw ssSapw sSen-{Km^pw Zo¿L-amb A\p-kvac-W-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. sUbven an-d¿, k¨ F∂o ]{X-߃ {]tXyI

_¿WmUv jvdnwkven

]Xn-∏p-Iƒ Cd-°n. Hcp Ime-L´w sImgn™p hoWp F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ {]apJ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw cmjv{Sobt\Xm-°fpw _¿WmUns‚ hntbm-KsØ hne-bn-cp-Øn. Smtªm-bnUv kwkvIm-c-Øn\v A¿∞hpw aqeyhpw D≠m-°nb {]ap-J-\mb hy‡n-sb∂v F√m-hcpw GI-kz-c-Øn¬ At±-lsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. \nc-¥cw bm{X-bn-emb, Xnc-°p≈ a\p-jy-cpsS kuI-cy{]-Imcw ]{X-ß-fpsS cq]kwhn-[m\w DS®phm¿ØXpw \K-c-hmkn-I-sfbpw a[y-h¿§-sØbpw ]{X-hm-b-\-bn¬ BI¿jn®p \n¿-Øn-bXpw _¿WmUv jvdnwkvenbm-Wv. e≠≥ \-KcPohn-XØns‚ `mK-amb Syq_v s{Sbn-\n-se bm{X-°m¿°p apjn∏p am‰m\pw Adnhp \¬Im\pw DX-Ip∂ Zn\-]{Xw D≠m°n hnP-bn®bmƒ F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw At±-l-Øn\v Fs¥-¶nepw {]k-‡n-bpt≠m? Cw•-≠nse ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Iƒ ]Tn°m≥ {ian-°p∂ `mhn-am[y-a-hn-Zym¿∞n°p _¿WmUv \¬Ip∂ hnkva-b-ß-sf¥v? kmaq-lnI{]h-W-X-I-sfbpw Nn¥m-co-Xn-I-sfbpw D∂-X-\mb Hcp ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ At±lw kzm[o-\n-®n-´pt≠m? AØ-c-Øn_¿WmUv Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°p∂ ]mT-ß-sf¥v?

Ac-\q-‰m≠p Imew kPo-h-ambn ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønhym]-cn-®-Xn\pti-j-amWp _¿WmUv jvdnwkven 85-˛mw hb- n¬ hnS ]d-™-Xv. {_n´-\nse aq∂p tZiobZn\-]-{X-ßfn¬ At±lw FUn-‰dmbn tPmen sNbvXp. sabn¬ Hm¨ k¨sU F∂ ]{X-Øns‚ ÿm]I]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿Øm GP≥kn-bpsS sak-©¿ t_mbn F∂ \ne-bn]Xn-\mdmw hb- n¬ ]{X-ÿm-]-\-ØnseØnb _¿WmUv D]-Nm-c-ßfpw Iogvhg-°-ßfpw ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂ {_n´ojv kaq-l-Øns‚ ]{X-hm-b-\ioew am‰n-a-dn®p k¿hm-Z-c-Wobÿm\sØØnb Zo¿Lm-\p-`-h-߃ Fßpw IrXy-ambn tcJ-s∏-SpØn h®n-´n-√. 1996 ¬ ssZ\w-Zn-\-]-{X-{]h¿Ø\w hn´Xn\p-tijw _¿WmUv aq∂p t\mh-ep-Iƒ FgpXn. IY-t]mse hmb-\-°m-cpsS ssII-fn-se-Ønb ck-I-camb B cN-\-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\m-\p`hbmYm¿∞y-ß-fmWv. ssSw ]{X-Ønse Nc-a-°p-dn-∏n¬ ]d-bp∂-Xp- t]me _¿WmUv {]tXy-Iambn Hcp Bfl-IY Fgp-tXPqsse 2016

(42) ≠-Xn-√. At±-l-Øns‚ aq∂p t\mh-epIƒ Xpd∂p hbv°p-∂Xp kz¥w A\p-`h-tem-I-am-Wv. {_n´-\nse Ign™ Ac\q‰m≠p -Im-esØ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kq£va-amb KXn]cn-Wm-a-߃ XnI™ \¿Ω-t_m-[-tØmsS At±lw Xs‚ t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ hn.-sI.-F≥. Fgp-Xnb Bt£-]-lmkyt\mh-ep-Isf Hm¿Ωn∏n°pw _¿WmUv jvdnwkvenbpsS kn√n kok¨, etb¨ dmw]m‚v, Z Im≥UntU‰vkv F∂o IrXn-Iƒ. 2003 ¬ ]pd-Øph∂ kn√n kok¨ F∂ BZyt\mhen¬ PmIvÃmIv F∂ IYm-]m{Xw Hcp SmtªmbnUns‚ FUn-‰dmWv. {][m-\-a{¥n-]Zw hsc Ae-¶-cn® cmjv{Sob{]apJ ac-Wm-k-∂-bmbn InS-°p∂p. ]{XØns‚ sUUvsse≥ Ign-™n´pw alXn A¥yizmkw hen-°p-∂n-√. Akz-ÿ-\mb PmIvÃmIv kl-]-{Xm-[n-]-tcmSv Acn-itØmsS ]d-bp∂p: ""ihw, Pohn-®n-cp-∂t∏mƒ F¥p Xt‚-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. acn-°m≥ B Xt‚-S-an-√. Nc-a-°p-dn-∏nse hm°p-Iƒ am‰n teJ\w Ah-cpsS PohnXhnP-bØns‚ IY-bm°n Xncp-ØpI.'' acn-°m≥ InS°p∂Xp am¿K-c‰v Xm®dpw FUn-‰¿ _¿WmUv jvdnwkvenbpamsW∂p hmb-\°m¿ thKw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Icm-dp-Imcpw I®-h-S-°mcpw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpw DtZym-KÿZpjv{]-`p-°fpw am[y-a-ßfpw tN¿∂p kaq-l-Øns‚ ss\k¿§nIhmk\Ifpw krjvSn-]-c-X-bpw XI¿sØ-dn-bp∂Xv Fß-s\-sb-∂p _¿WmUns‚ t\mhep-Iƒ Im´n-Ø-cp-∂p. AXn-eqsS {_n´ojv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kz`mhsshNn-{Xyß-fpw ^enXw Ie¿Øn At±lw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. djy≥ {]hn-iy-bn¬ \n∂p {_n´\n¬ IpSn-tb-dnb Hcp Xp∂¬°mcs‚ aI-\mbn 1931 P\p-h-cn-bn-emWv _¿WmUv jvdnwkven P\n-®-Xv. jvdnwkvIn F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]nXm-hns‚ t]cv. IpSn-tb-d-nb hntZ-in-bm-sW∂p \m´pIm¿ Adnbm-Xn-cn-°m≥ t]cns‚ HSp-hnse djy≥ [z\n BwK-te-b-hXvI-cn®p jvdnwkven F∂m-°n. c≠mw temI-bp-≤Im-eØp B IpSpw_w NnX-dn-t∏m-bn. _¿WmUpw A\p-P≥ B‚-Wnbpw Hcp Cw•ojv IpSpw-_-Øn¬ A`bw tXSn. ZpcnX-Po-hn-X-am-bn-cp∂p HºXp hb p-Im-c\mb tPyjvT\pw A\p-P\pw B ho´nt\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂-Xv. ]oU\w kln-°m-\mPqsse 2016

ImsX _¿WmUv Hcp Znhkw A\p-Ps‚ ssIbpw ]nSn®v ASpØp≈ s]meokv tÃj-\n¬ sN∂p. B ho´n¬ \n∂v Ccp-hcpw tamN\w t\Sn. F∂m¬, X\n°pw ktlm-Z-c\pw \√ hnZym`ymkw In´p-∂n-s√∂p ]Xn-aq∂mw hb- n¬ {]mtZ-inI`c-W-Iq-StØmSp _¿WmUv ]cm-Xn-s∏-´p. Aßs\ t\m¿Xmw-]vS¨ {Kma¿ kvIqfn¬ Ccp-h¿°pw {]th-i\w In´n. bp≤w Ign™p amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Xncn-s®-Øn. _¿WmUns\ Hcp A°u-≠‚ v B°m-\m-bn-cp∂p c£n-Xm-°fpsS B{K-lw. AXn\p hg-ßmsX 16-˛mw hb- n¬ B _me≥ hoSp-hn-´p. e≠-\nse {]kv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂ hm¿Øm GP≥knbpsS Hm^o-kn¬ sak-©¿ t_mbn F∂ ]Wn e`n®p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Isc ASpØp ImWm\pw Ah-cpsS tPmen \nco-£n-°m\pw Ah-kcw e`n-®-t∏mƒ X\n°pw AXpt]msebmI-W-sa∂p _¿WmUv sImXn-®p. tÃmIv \yqhnMvS¨ en‰-ddn C≥Ãn-‰yq-´n¬ {Im^v‰v Hm^v ssd‰nMv F∂ tImgvkn\p tN¿∂p. `mjbpw teJ-\-hn-Zybpw A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bnsUdnIv Pbvk¨ F∂ D‰ kplr-Øn-s\bpw ¢mkn¬ \n∂p e`n-®p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Ccp-hcpw henb kz]v\-߃ I≠p. c≠p-t]cpw ]nev°m-eØv AXn¬ hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kuØv t]m¿´v Km¿Un-b≥ F∂ sNdnb ]{X-Øn-emWp _¿WmUv {]mtbm-KnI]cn-io-e-\-Øn\p tN¿∂-Xv. AhnsS A©p h¿jw ]{Xm-[n]kan-Xn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p. \n¿_‘nXssk\n-I-tk-h\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ tdmbFb¿t^mgvkn¬ t]mtI≠n h∂-t∏mƒ \ncm-i-tXm-∂n. "]{X-{]h¿Ø\w ck-I-c-ambn apt∂-dp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ h∂ Xncn-®Sn' F∂v At±lw Iq´p-Im-c≥ sUdn-°n\v Fgp-Xn. \√ "Adn-hp≈' tIU‰v F∂ \ne-bn¬ Fb¿t^m-gvkn¬ tNcm≥ FØp-∂-hsc C‚¿hyq sNøp∂ tPmen-bmWp _¿WmUv apJy-ambn Gs‰-SpØ-Xv. ]´m-f-Øn¬ tNcm≥ hcp-∂-h-sc√mw a≠-in-tcm-a-Wn-Iƒ.

H∂n\pw bmsXmcp hnh-c-hp-an-s√∂p _¿WmUv Xncn-®-dn-™p. ssk\y-tk-h\w Ign™p am©-Ã-dn¬ FØnb At±lw "k¨sU FIvkv{] n'¬ kl-]-{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn. GXm\pw amk߃ Ign-™-t∏mƒ sUbven- an-d¿ ]{X-Øn¬ \n∂p \s√mcp

(43) Hm^¿ h∂p. am©-ÿ taJem FUn-‰¿ ]Z-hn. ITn-\m-[zm-\w, Du¿P-kz-eX F∂o KpWhnti-j-ß-fp≈ bph FUn-‰sd and¿ {Kq∏ns‚ DSa skkn¬ InMv {i≤n-®p. am©-ÿ taJ-e-bn¬ and¿ ]{X-Øns‚ {]Nmcw Cc´n®p. _¿WmUns\ e≠-\n¬ FØn®p anI® ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im≥ skkn¬ InMv FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Ub-dIvS¿ lKvIp-Uven-∏n-t\mSp \n¿tZ-in-®p. e≠-\n¬ sUbven anddns‚ tI{µ UkvIn¬ Akn- v FUn-‰-dmbn _¿WmUv {]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßn. and¿ FIvkn-Iyq-´o-hp-I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw hyXykvX-\mb ]pXnb Akn v FUn-‰sd kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ {i≤n®p. \√ Nn´bpw Npa-X-em-t_m-[hpw. GXp hm¿Øbpw ]q¿Wambn am‰nsbgp-Xpw. hm°p-I-fn¬ I¿i-\-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ. D≈-S°hpw cq]hpw kq£va-ambn t\m°pw. aZy-]m\w Xosc-bn-√. ]pI-henbpw Ipd-hv. {]q^v apX¬ t^mt´m FUn-‰nMv hsc t\m°n-bnt´ Znh-khpw aS-ßq. Cß-s\sbmcp ]{Xm-[n-]sc Ah¿°p apºp ]cnN-b-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. t]Pv {]q^v t\m°n Xe-s°´p apX¬ D≈-S°w hsc IqsS-°qsS Xncp-Øp∂ _¿WmUn\p kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ clky-ambn Hcp Cc-´-t∏cp \¬In˛ Bthm¨ teUn. IÆm-Sn°p ap∂n¬ \n∂p amdm≥ aSn-°p∂ ]®-∏-cn-jvIm-cn-s∏-Æv. Ag-Inb cmh-W≥ F∂p \Ωƒ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ Nne tIm¥-∑msc hnti-jn-∏n°m-dnt√; AXns‚ kv{Xocq-]-amWv Bthm¨ teUn. 1969 ¬ Hmkvt{Senb-bn¬ \n∂p am[y-a-tem-IØnse henb apX-emfn dq]¿´v a¿tUm°v Cw•≠n¬ FØn and¿ {Kq∏n¬ \n∂p k¨ ]{Xw hnebv°p hmßn. emdn -em-ºns\ FUn-‰dmbpw \nban-®p. t{_mUv jo‰n¬ \n∂p k¨ SmtªmbvUv cq]-Øn-em-Ipsa∂p ]ckyw sNbvXp. _¿WmUv jvdnwkvensb Xs‚ Akn- v FUn-‰dmbn \nb-an-°W-sa∂p emdn -emºv apt∂m-´p-h® \n¿tZiw a¿tUm°v AwKo-I-cn-®p. ""A°mcyw Rm≥ Atßm´p ]dbm-\n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. _¿WmUns\ Rm≥ t\ctØ emdn -em-ºv t\m´-an-´n-cp-∂p.'' F∂mWp henb apX-emfn {]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv. and¿ {Kq∏n¬ Nne s{]mtam-j≥ X¿°ßƒ CXn-\Iw DS-se-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. te_¿ ]m¿´n-tbmSp Xosc XmXv]-cy-an-√mØ _¿WmUv Xs‚ Hm^o-kn¬ HXp-°-s∏-´-Xmbn a\- n-em°n enh¿]qƒ t]mÃv F∂ ]{XØnte°p amdn-bn-cp-∂p.

At∏m-gmWv k¨ ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bm≥ a¿tUm°v £Wn-®-Xv. emdnemºpw _¿WmUpw \√ tNcp-h-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. k¨ ]-{X-ØntNcm≥ t]mIp∂ hnhcw _¿WmUv enh¿]qƒ t]mÃv DS-a-tbmSp ]d-™p. ""AhnsS F{X-Imew?'' F∂v At±lw Ifn-bm°n tNmZn®p. ÿmbn-bmbn Hcn-SØpw \nev°m≥ ]‰mØ Dcp-f≥ I√mWp _¿WmUv jvdnwkvensb∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ F∂p Zpjvt]cp hoWp Ign-™ncp∂p. hfsc Ffnb Np‰p-]m-Sn-emWp a¿tUm°v k¨ Bcw-`n-®Xv. and¿ {Kq∏n¬ \m\qdp Poh-\-°m-cp-ambn Kw`o-cy-tØmsS hmWncp∂ _¿WmUv \qdp t]cp-ambn ]pXnb Xmh-f-Øn¬ Hcp aqebnencp∂v A£-a-\mbn tPmen sNbvXp. emºns‚ \qdp Ip™m-SpI-fn¬ Hcmƒ. ent\m-ssS-∏ns‚ H®bpw Cub-ap-cp-Ip∂ NqSpw

]pIbpw Icn-bp-sa√mw ]{Xm-[n-]-∑mcpw ]¶p-h-bv°-Ww. ImcWw F√m-h¿°pw IqSn Hcp apdn am{Xta e≠-\n¬ ]-{XØn\p a¿tUm°v Xc-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈q.

Znhkw ]Xn-\mep aWn-°q¿ tPmen. \yqkv Hm^v Z thƒUv, k¨ F∂o ]{X-߃ AhnsS \n∂p ]pdØp h∂p. Smtªm-bnUv k¨ hmb-\°m¿°p ckn-®p. HXp-°n-∏n-Sn®p hmbn°mw. ck-I-c-amb Ah-X-cWw. lcw ]nSn-∏n-°p∂ Nn{X-ßfpw hnh-c-W-ßfpw. Hcp sIm√w sIm≠p -Zn-\w-tXmdpw 16 e£w tIm∏n hn‰p. 1981 FØn-bt∏mƒ {]Nmcw 40 e£w tIm∏n-bm-bn˛ {_n´-\n¬ H∂mw \nc-bn¬. _¿WmUns‚ A[zm-\hpw anSp°p-am-bn-cp∂p B hf¿®-bpsS ASnÿm\LS-Iw. emdn -emºv ]pdw- _-‘ßfpw a¿tUm-°p-am-bp≈ hn\n-a-bßfpw t\m°n. ]{X-Øn¬ F¥p sNøWw, Fßs\ sNø-W-sas-∂√mw _¿WmUv Xocp-am-\n-®p. t]Pv {]q^pw Xe-s°´pw `mjm-ip-≤nbpw Dƒs∏sS hfsc kq£va-amb Imcy-ß-fnt]mepw At±lw CS-s]-´p. aq∂mw t]Pnse t^mt´m-Iƒ kq£va-ambn FUn‰v sNøm≥ \n¿tZ-in-®p. ""kv{Xo°fpsS ta\n-b-gIv Bcpw CjvS-s∏-Spw. F∂m¬, kvX\-߃°n{X hen∏w ]mSn-√. {]tXy-In-®v, ape-°-Æp-Iƒ sNdp-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.'' F∂p t^mt´m FUn-‰-tdmSp \n¿tZ-in-®-t∏mƒ Xms\¥p sNøm≥ F∂v Abmƒ ssIa-e¿Øn. _¿WmUv Nncn-®psIm≠p ]d™p: ""icn-bm-Wv, Cw•≠nse kv{XoIƒ ]o\-kvX-\n-Ifm-bn-cn°mw. F¶nepw \Ωƒ hmb-\-°msc `b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSn-√.''

DPz-ehpw Xo{h-hp-am-bn-cp∂p _¿WmUv jvdnwkvenbpsS {]h¿Ø\ssien. hfsc hnNn-{X-am-bncp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sv. hkvXp-X-Iƒ s]meokv al-k-dn-set∏mse hnh-cn-°p-∂-X√ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\-sa∂p kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc D]-tZ-in-®p. ""hkvXp-X-Iƒ Iem-]-cambn Ah-X-cn∏n-°-Ww. sX°p ]Sn-™mtd C¥ybn¬ IY-Ifn Fs∂mcp Iem-cq-]-ap-≠v.

IYm-]m{Xßfmbn AXn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏Sp∂ a\p-jy¿°p bYm¿∞a\p-jy-cpambn bmsXmcp tbmPn-∏p-an-√. XSn-®pPqsse 2016

(44) sIm-gpØ IY-Ifn a\p-jy¿ Pohn-XØn¬ Fßp-an-√. IY bmYm¿∞yØns‚ kvYqecq]-am-sW∂v AXp ]dbp∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w kz¥w \nebn¬ Hcp Ie-bm-sW∂p ad-°-≠.''˛ kn√n kok¨ F∂ t\mh-enPmIvÃnIv kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc D]-tZ-in°p-∂p. _¿Wm-Uns‚ A`n-{]m-bØns‚ {]Xn-[z\n Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv. At±lw tIc-f-Øn¬ hcnIbpw IYIfn Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-IWw. 1974 ¬ Cw•ojv ^pSvt_mƒ Sow tbmKyX t\SmsX temI^pSvt_mƒ a’-c-th-Zn-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øm-bn. B Pn√n -Iq-∏¿ ssa°¬ ]m¿°n≥k¨ hm¿Øbv°p "Z F≥Uv Hm^v Z thƒUv' F∂p Xe-s°´p \¬Im≥ _¿WmUv \n¿tZ-in-®p. Øn-te-°p≈ Xami Ie¿∂ Xncn-™p-t\mkl-]-{Xm-[n-]¿ Xe-sNm-dn™v ""A{Xbpw thtWm?'' F∂p ´-am-bn-cp∂p Ahtbmtcm-∂pw. tNmZn-®p. ""Xm¶-fpsS ktµlw icn-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ B Xe_¿WmUns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ B‚Wn s°-´n\v HSp-hn¬ Hcp B›cyNn”w Ct´mfq'' F∂p jvdnwkven 1984 ¬ acn-°p-tºmƒ k¨sU ]d-™-Xm-bmWp tIƒhn. and¿ ]{X-Øn¬ s]mfn-‰n-°¬ FUn-‰dmbnhmb-\-°msc hnkva-bn-∏n®pw C°n-fn-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw cp-∂p. B‚-Wn-bpsS aI≥ tdm_¿´v ^n\mD¬_p-≤-cm-°nbpw k¨, \yqkv Hm^v Z thƒUv F∂o ]{Xjy¬ ssSwkns‚ sh_vssk‰v Bb F^v.߃ Cw•o-jp-Im-cpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ `mK-am-°nb Sn. tImw FUn-‰dmWv. `mcy- t\m¿a _¿WmUv ]Xn-aq∂p h¿jw a¿tUm-°n-s\m∏w XpS¿∂p acn®Xn\p tijw Ggp h¿j-w _¿WmUv t]mbXv e≠-\nse as‰√m ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°pw A¤p-X-ams]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬ \n∂v AI∂p \n∂p.

Wv. \yqkv Hm^v Z thƒUv IqSn SmtªmbvUv B°m≥ \yqkv Hm^v Z thƒUn¬ ^o®¿ Fgp-Xp∂ _¿WmUv \n¿tZ-in-s®-¶nepw a¿tUm°v hg-ßnbn-√. sabnaIƒ Aam-≥Usb Ahƒ°n-jvS-s∏´ Hm¨ k¨sU Fs∂mcp Ip´n-∏{Xw XpSßn _¿WmUv apXsXmgn-emb ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w Xnc-s™-Spem-fnsb sh√p-hn-fn-®p. _¿WmUv hn´-Xn\ptijw k¨ °m≥ At±lw A\p-h-Zn-®p. F∂m¬ sNdpFUn‰v sNøm≥ Hcp h¿jw \mep ]{Xm-[n-]-∑msc am¿tUma-I≥ sSUv eutU B hgn°p Xncn-bm≥ °n\p ]co-£n-t°≠n h∂p. HSp-hn¬ a’-c-th-Zn-bn¬ ]nSn®p Hcp-ßn-b-t∏mƒ At±lw i‡-ambn \nev°m≥ _¿WmUv \n¿tZ-in®Xp t]mse \yqkv Hm^v Z FXn¿Øp. sNdp-a-I-t\mSv ""t\m, s\h¿'' thƒUv Ip´n-∏-{X-am-bn. F¶nepw Cd-ßn-t∏m∂ ]Sn-Iƒ Ibdn F∂p ]d™ _¿WmUv AXn-\p≈ _¿WmUv ho≠pw k¨ ]{X-Øn-te°p Xncn®p t]mbn-√.

ImcWw Z Im≥Un-tU‰vkv F∂ t\mha¿tUm-°ns‚ £Ww At±lw \µn-]q¿hw \nc-kn-®p. en¬ Hcp IYm-]m{Xw hgn kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

"Hmkvt{Senb≥ apX-em-fn°p ]W-ap-≠msabn¬ Hm¨ k¨sU-bn¬ _¿WmUn\v F√mw ip`-I°m≥ Cw•-≠nse sXmgn-emfn∏m¿´n-bpsS c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]Xnhv Fgp-Øp-Im¿ apgp-h≥ I¿°-i-°m-ca≠-Ø-c-ßsf ]pI-gvØn-s°m-≠n-cn°mw. \mb _¿WmUns\ _ln-jvI-cn-®p. Btcbpw A\p-\-bn-∏nAta-cn-°-bpsS Bbp-[-߃ hn‰-gn-°m≥ °m≥ hf™ hgn t\m°n-bn-√. ]Icw ]pXnb Fgp-Øp-Im]mh-s∏´ cmPy-ß-fpsS Xe-h-∑m-sc-°p-dn®p scbpw ]w‡nImc∑m-scbpw Hmtcm hnj-b-Ønepw krjvSn-®p.

Ahcn¬ Pn√n -Iq-∏¿, ssa°¬ ]m¿°n≥k¨ F∂n-h¿ {]i- \pW-°-Y-Iƒ FgpXn°q´mw. ""s]meo-kv, t{]mÃn-‰yq-´v, {]kv F∂o hm°p-I-fpsS kvX-cm-bn. {InÃ-^¿ ^o¬Uv F∂ ]pXnb FUn-‰sd Is≠BZym-£cw H∂pXs∂bmbXp bmZr-—n-IØn. ]m{SnIv tImfn≥kv F∂ Imbn-I-hn-t\mZteJ-I≥ a√.'' 2016 Pq¨ 19-˛mw XobXn Cu Bfl-]{it≤-b-\m-bn. F¶nepw 1982 se e≠≥ ]pXnb Hcp ]{Xw cnlm-k-Øn\p hncm-a-Nn”w hoWp. ¤ IqSn kzoI-cn-°m≥ {]m]vX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w aXnbm°n _¿WmUv {]kv Iu¨kn¬ sshkv sNb¿am≥ tIc-f-Iu-ap-Zn, Iem-Iu-ap-Zn, ho£Ww ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp. {]Xn-tcm-[-hm¿Ø-Iƒ dnt∏m¿´p sNtøF∂o am[y-a-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≈ ≠Xv Fßs\ F∂p ]{X-ßsf D]-tZ-in-°p∂ Un˛-I-Ωn‰n cmjv{Sob\nco-£-I\pw {KŸ-Im-c\pamWv AwK-ambpw Kk-‰n-b-dns‚ eoU¿ ssd‰dmbpw _¿WmUv amdn. teJ-I≥.

66-˛mw hb- n¬ hnc-an-®-Xn\p-ti-j-amWp aq∂p t\mh-ep-Iƒ E-mail: sujaathan@gmail.com. cNn-®-Xv. Ac \q‰m≠p Xm≥ Pohn® ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-a-fi-e-

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pqsse 2016

(45)

Doyen’s Pen

Khushwant Singh

Memories that haunt A

s soon as Jyoti Grewal’s ‘Betrayed by the State: The AntiSikh pogrom of 1984’ (Penguin) landed on my table, I put aside other work and got down to reading it. The author has impressive scholarly credentials.

She has a doctorate in history from an American University (Stony Brook), was professor at another (Iowa) and is currently teaching Social Behaviourial Sciences in Dubai. The subject is of importance to me. I was involved and have written about it many times. There are questions to which I have not yet found convincing answers. Why did it happen? Who was primarily responsible for its happening? Why was it not prevented from happening? I was hoping to find answers in Jyoti Grewal’s book.

Alas! Before I give reasons for being disappointed, let me concede that she writes very well and does not spare anyone concerned— Bhindranwale, Indira Gandhi, Giani Zail Singh, Rajiv Gandhi, Ribeiro, KPS Gill, et al.

However, her analysis of the Giani Zail Singh Hindu-Sikh divide, equating Jat Sikhs with the Khalsa Panth and giving a lower status to non-Jat Sikhs (pejoratively known as bhapas), is flawed. She is herself a Jat

Sikh. Above all, she has very little new to tell us of the extensive anti-Sikh violence following the assassination of Mrs Gandhi. Her publisher should have advised her to fill in the gaps in her narrative.

Jyoti Grewal holds that the Hindu-Sikh divide is the basic point in the evolution of Sikhism. She toes the line of Sikh separatists who never stop shouting from their housetops hum Hindu nahin hain (we are not Hindus). If she read the sacred scripture, the Adi Granth, she would notice that over 90 per cent of the names of God are Hindu—Hari, Ram, Govind, etc. Even the last of the Gurus, Gobind Singh, invoked Shiva to give him strength to fight his oppressors.

All the Ten Gurus were Khatris, not one was a Jat. So was Banda Bahadar, the founder of Sikh political power in Punjab. Despite occasional differences, intermarriages between Hindus Pqsse 2016

(46)

Services (IFS). He began his stint in IFS by first serving as the Information Officer of the Government of India in Toronto, Canada. After that, Singh went on to become the Press Attache and Public Officer for the Indian High Commission in London and Ottawa.

In 1951, he left the IFS and joined the All India Radio as a journalist. During the period 1954-1956, he worked in the Department of Mass Communications of UNESCO in Paris. In 1956, he got into editorial services and started editing a newspaper called Yojana, an Indian government journal

Khushwant Singh K

hushwant Singh was an Indian novelist, journalist, and a lawyer. He was a man of many talents and served the Indian legal system, Indian journalism and literature all with equal passion and hard work He was born in Hadali, Punjab , which is now a part of Pakistan to Sir Sobha Singh in 1915. His father was one of the most prominent builders of his times and used to work in Lutyen’s Delhi. Singh received his education at Modern School in New Delhi. He also received his higher education from Government College in Lahore and eventually studied at St. Stephen’s College in New Delhi and King’s College in London.

Singh first started his career as that of a professional lawyer in 1938.

After India became independent in 1947, he joined the Indian Foreign

The highlight of his career came when he served as the editor of the Illustrated Weekly of India during the late 1970s when its circulation sky-rocketed and the weekly became part of Indian reading habit among those who read English. From 1980 to 1983, he was the editor of ‘Hindustan Times’. On completion of his tenure at Hindustan Times he started writing the widely syndicated column, called “With Malice Towards One and All” for the newspaper. The column was quite famous for its dry wit and humor.

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha. As an author Singh wrote many important and famous books like, Train to Pakistan (1956), Delhi: A Novel (1990), The Company of Women (1999), Truth, Love and a Little Malice (2002), The Good, the Bad and the Ridiculous (2013), etc. His book ‘A History of the Sikhs’ is regarded as the most authoritative work on the Sikh history.

Khushwant Singh was awarded with Padma Bhushan in1974 ( he returned it in 1984 in protest against the Operation Blue Star), Punjab Rattan Award (2006), Padma Vibhushan (2007), Sahitya academy fellowship (2010), Tata Literature Live! Award (2013), Fellowship of King’s College, London (2014) etc.

Singh got married with Kawal Malik and had two children with her—Rahul Singh and Mala Singh. He died on March 20, 2014 in Delhi.

and Sikhs of the same caste are common. What the Gurus, particularly Guru Gobind Singh, gave them was a distinct outward appearance and rituals A clean-shaven Sikh became a Hindu believing in Sikhism as are millions of Punjabi and Sindhi Hindus who prefer chanting Sikh prayers, which they can understand, rather than reciting Sanskrit shlokas, they can’t. They go to gurdwaras rather than Hindu temples. The borderline dividing the two communities is, as it always has been, blurred. Relations between the two are, as they have always Pqsse 2016

(47)

been, nauh maas da rishta (as nail is to the flesh from which it grows).

The relationship changed with the emergence of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale as the leader of the radical Khalsa. There is good reason to believe he was picked up by Giani Zail Singh to undermine the influence of the Akalis in rural Punjab as a counterfoil to the Jat Congress Chief Minister Darbara Singh, against whom the Giani had a life-long feud. There is no truth that Zail Singh (non-Jat) was anti-Jat, as alleged by the author. He was repeatedly elected to the Punjab Assembly and Parliament from predominantly Jat constituencies.

Relations between Hindus and Sikhs began to sour when Bhindranwale started using abusive language for the Hindus and his goons went on a spree of indiscriminate killings of Hindus and Sikhs who disagreed with him.

No Sikh leader spoke up against him. Lesser people who did were eliminated by his thugs. The government, advised by Zail Singh, mishandled the situation. When he was arrested on charges of murder, Zail Singh as Home Minister had him released on his own terms. Then he went out of hand.

Far from being a tool of the Congress, he became a leader in his own rights, moved into the Golden Temple and fortified it. If Zail Singh is to be believed, he knew nothing about the Army being ordered to storm the Golden Temple, and was deeply hurt by the operation. Later, he decorated the officers who had

carried out Operation Bluestar. He lost all credibility. However, as President, without consulting MPs or chief ministers, he swore in Rajiv Gandhi as successor to Indira Gandhi after she was assassinated on October 31, 1984.

What followed remains a mystery. To start with there was a spontaneous outburst of anger against Sikhs. Zail Singh’s cavalcade on its way from AIIMS to Rashtrapati Bhawan was stoned. Some Sikh-owned property was set on fire. The eruption could have been quelled by a show of force. It was not. It is evident that the coterie surrounding the new Prime Minister met and decided that the Sikhs had to be taught a lesson. So the Delhi Administration and the police remained spectators to the excesses committed on innocent Sikhs.

Over 3,000 of them were murdered in two days. Twentythree years and nine commissions later we still don’t know who were the men who allowed this dastardly crime against the nation to take place.

¤

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Published in The Tribune India Dtd. 14 December 2007

Pqsse 2016

(48) (48)

A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

enwK-\o-Xn˛ am‰w th≠Xp a\p-jy-a-\- n¬

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Iayq-Wn-t°-j≥ tP¿W-enkw hn`mKw "enwK-\o-Xnbpw am[y-a-ßfpw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® inev]-ime tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p.

enwK-]-c-amb kaXzw `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ am{Xw HXp-°n\n¿tØ≠ H∂-s√∂pw, Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ a\ n-emWp am‰w D≠m-tI-≠-sX∂pw {]apJ am[y-a-\n-cq-]-I≥ tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ ]d-™p. tIcf aoUnb A°mZan C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Iayq-Wn-t°-j≥ tP¿W-enkw hn`mKw "P≥U¿ B‚ v aoUnb' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® ZznZn\inev]ime DZvLm-S\w sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. k¶ev]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xnepw k¶o¿W-amb a\p-jy_-‘ß - ƒ Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°W - s - a-∂Xp \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ffp∏-a-√. Fw, F^v (M, F) F∂o A£-c-ß-fn¬ HXp-°m-\mImØ hn[-Øn¬ a\p-jy\p hI-t`-Z-ß-fp-s≠∂pw AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ C°m-cy-Øn¬ am[y-a-{]-h¿ØI¿°p IrXy-amb Znim-t_m[w D≠m-tI≠-Xp-s≠∂pw tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ Nq≠n-°m-´n.

"enwK\oXn-˛ N - c - n-{X-]c - hpw kmaq-ln-Ih - p-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw' F∂ hnj-bØn¬ Uu¨ Sp F¿Øv teJnI Fw. kpNn-{X, "enwK\oXn˛ kmº-Øn-Im-kq-{X-Whpw kwth-Z-\£-a-Xbpw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ^n\m-≥jyFIvkv{]kv tIcf hn`mKw Akn. FUn- ‰ ¿ kcnX h¿Ω, "am[y-a-ßfpw kzXzmht_m[hpw' F∂ hnj- b - Ø n¬ Fgp- Ø p- I m- c nbpw tI{µk¿°m-cns‚ ^o¬Uv ]ªn-kn‰n hn`mKw Fd-WmIpfw Ub-d-IvSdpamb sI.-F. _o\ F∂n-h¿ BZyZn\-Øn¬ ¢mkp-Iƒ \bn-®p. {]apJ a\pjym- h - I mi{]h¿Ø- I tPymXn \mcm- b - W ≥ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpambn A\p-`-h-߃ ]¶p-h-®p.

"P≥U¿ dnt∏m¿´nMv B‚ v aoUnb' F∂ hnj- b - Ø n¬ apXn¿∂ am[y- a - { ]- h ¿Ø- I ≥ tPm¿Pv tPmk-^v, "enwK-\o-Xn˛ \nb-ahpw a\p-jymh-Im-i-ßfpw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ AUz. k‘ycmPp F∂n-h¿ ¢mkp-Iƒ \bn-®p. `n∂-enwKhn`m-Kß - f - n-ep≈ hy‡n-Iƒ A\p`-hn-°p∂ hnthN-\-ßsfbpw a\p-jym-h-Im-ißsfbpw Ipdn®v ssewKnI\yq\-]-£-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃°mbn t]mcm´w \S-Øp∂ kwLS-\-bpsS {]Xn\n-[nbpw `n-∂-enwK°mcn-bp-amb ioXƒ kwkm-cn-®p.

C≥Ãn- ‰ yq´v Ub- d - I v S ¿ Fw. cma- N - { µ≥ DZvLm-S\ NS-ßn¬ A[y-£X hln®p. A°mZan sk{I-´dn sI.-Pn. kt¥m-jv, Akn. sk{I´dn sI.-B¿. {]tamZv Ipam¿, sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿Wenkw eIvN-d¿ sI. APnXv, tP¿W-enkw B‚ v Iayq-Wn-t°-j≥ eIvNd¿ tla-eX, C≥Ãn-‰yq´v hnZym¿∞n\n Ajvane _oKw F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan sse{_dnbn¬ \n∂v Hcp h¿jØn\nsS G‰hpa[nIw ]pkvXI߃ hmbn® hnZym¿∞n°v hmb\hmctØmS\p_‘n®v G¿s∏SpØnb ]pckvImcw {]apJ \ncq]Ibpw A°mZan ^m°¬‰n AwKhpamb tUm. Fw. eoemhXnbn¬ \n∂v ]n. B¿. B‚ v AUz¿ssSknMv hnZym¿∞n\n Bcy hmkptZhv G‰phmßp∂p. {]apJ t\mhenÃv kn. cm[mIrjvW≥, A°mZan sNb¿am≥ sk¿Pn B‚Wn, sk{I´dn sI.Pn. kt¥mjv, Akn v sk{I´dn sI. B¿. {]tamZv Ipam¿, C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v IayqWnt°j≥ UbdIvS¿ Fw. cmaN{µ≥, sse{_dn Akn v ssj\kv am¿t°mkv F∂nh¿ kao]w.

Pqsse 2016

Bookshelf

Television Production (16th Edition)

By Jim Owens Focal Press (2016) Rs. 4035.00 [Gain the skills you need to succeed in the television industry and master the production process, from shooting and producing, to editing and distribution. This new and updated 16th edition of Television Production offers a thorough and practical guide to professional TV and video production techniques. You will learn how to anticipate and quickly overcome commonlyencountered problems in television production, as Jim Owens details all the major features of television production, including the secrets of top-grade camerawork, persuasive lighting techniques, effective sound treatment, as well as the subtle processes of scenic design, and the art of video editing. The 16th edition of this classic text how explores the changing television landscape, the effects of the “second screen” on viewer experience, 4K and 8K shooting and the real implications it has for your production, and much more. This new edition also includes: · Discussions on the changing definition of “television” and how new technology effects viewers and their viewing habits. · Updated interviews with professionals in the industry, such as noted documentary filmmaker, Sarah Leckie, about the challenges they face during the production process and the advice they would give to those trying to break in to the production and television industries. · Thorough definitions of television and production terminology as well as information on LED lighting and other technologies used on set. · A comprehensive resource page for instructors, containing slides and testing materials to aid in the learning process can be found at www.focalpress.com/cw/owens.]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

New Books @ Academy Library

(49)

Media at work in China and India: Discovering and Dissecting

By Robin Jeffrey (Editor), Ronojoy Sen (Editor) SAGE Publications (2015) Rs. 995.00 [Anyone who visits India or China will puzzle over their vast media systems. Though they exercise immense influence, the world knows very little about the media landscape in the two countries. The world’s two most populous countries, comprising close to 40 per cent of the global population, have disputed boundaries and the legacy of the 1962 war. Mass media in both countries plays a pivotal role in domestic politics and is capable to telling provocative nationalist stories.

This book helps readers to understand the complexities of media in India and China, and their similarities and differences. It introduces the two media systems, the people who work in them, the work they produce and the pressures that influence their work. It analyses how economic forces drive media, how newsrooms work and how governments in each country manage the coverage of disasters. Media at Work in China and India fosters greater reflection, curiosity and perhaps, even wisdom, about fast-changing media in these 21st century powerhouses.]

Pqsse 2016

(50)

temIw I≠ hc A¥¿t±iob am[yacwKsØ {]ikvXamb Im¿´qWpIƒ ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbmWv Cu ]w‡nbn¬. amXr`qan Im¿´qWnÃmb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch Xncs™SpØv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

C‚¿\m-j-W¬ \yqtbm¿°v ssSwkv Im¿´q-WnÃv ]m{SnIv j∏m-t‰bpsS cN-\. e_-\o-kv-˛-kznkv amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°p P\n®v knwK-∏q-cnepw kzn‰vk¿e≥Un-ep-ambn hf¿∂ ]m{SnIv "se sSw]vkv' Dƒs∏sSbp≈ am[y-a-߃°p th≠nbpw Im¿´q-Wp-Iƒ cNn-°p-∂p. ]m{SnIv j∏m-t‰

tKm]oIrjvWs‚ C˛sabn¬: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com Printed and Published by A. Abdul Hakkim, Secretary, Kerala Media Academy, Published from Kerala Media Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: Sergy Antony

Pqsse 2016

(51)

2014 se thƒUv {]kv t^mt´m- a’cØn¬ knwKnƒkv hn`m-K-ØnH∂mw kΩm\w t\Snb Nn{Xw. Xoc-tZ-i-\-K-c-amb Pn-_q-´n-bn-se-Ønb B{^n-°≥ A`-bm¿∞nIƒ Ab¬Zzo-]-cm-Py-amb skmam-en-b-bnse _‘p-°-fpsS {i≤-bmI¿jn- ° m≥ samss_¬ t^mWp- I ƒ Db¿Øn- ∏ n- S n- ® n- c n°p∂p. Ata-cn-°b - n¬ amk-Nyp-sk‰vkv kztZ-inbpw skh≥ t^mt´m GP≥kn-bpsS ÿm]-I-\p-amb tPm¨ sÃ≥sa-b¿ ]I¿Ønb Nn{Xw. tPm¨ sÃ≥sa-b¿ Pqsse 2016

(52)

Media Monthly | July 2016 | `20/- | RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/01676

Pqsse 2016