Media july

(1)

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(2)

hne: 300.00 cq] hne: 200.00 cq]

hne: 480.00 cq] hne: 150.00 cq]

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(3)

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pq¨ - Pqsse 2015 l ]pkvXIw 4 l e°w 1 l hne ` 20 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

FUnt‰mdnb¬

04

tamZn... sIPvcnhmƒ...]ns∂ am[y-aßfpw

06

\yqkv s\‰v

14

jmPn tP°_v

]n. _k¥v

ASn-b¥-cm-hÿ - - - I-gn-™Xpw \S-∏n-ep-≈Xpw hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂Xpw sI. cmP-tKm-]m¬

CuPn-]vXv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-IcpsS XS-h-d-bm-Ip-∂p

26

aoUn-bm-bpsS ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ

29

BOYS DON’ T CRY

32

35

C.]n.Fkv

hmb-\

36

hn. cmP-tKm-]m¬: ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\Ø - n\v Dgn-™p-sh® PohnXw

42

Bookshelf

45

A°mZan hm¿ØIƒ

46

temIw I≠ hc

50

Shoma A. Chatterji Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(4)

ap≥hm-Xn¬

ad-™n-cn-°p∂ am[ya bmYm¿Yy-߃

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

\n

Editorial Advisor N.P. Rajendran Editor Sergy Antony Editorial Board E.P. Shajuddeen N. Rajesh P. Sujathan T. R. Madhukumar C. N. Mohanan Design & Layout Chetana Media, Kottayam Printer & Publisher N. P. Santhosh Marketing In Charge Shainus Markose Address ‘Media’ Kerala Media Academy Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030 Phone: 0484 2422275 Email : mediamag.kma@gmail.com Website: www.keralamediaacademy.org

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

c-¥c - a - mb `oj-Wn-If - p-sSbpw kΩ¿Z-ßf - p-sSbpw \Sp-hn-emWp am[y-a{- ]-h¿Ø-I¿ C∂v. `c-WI - q-Sß - fpw cmjv{So-b{- ]-ÿm-\ß - fpw XßfpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ ad-®p-hb - v°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ Ah ]pd-sØ-SpØp kaq-l-Øn-\p-th≠n hnNm-cW sNøp-∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ i‡-amb kΩ¿Z-ß-fmWp t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂Xv. ]e hnI-knX P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnepap-≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ Gsd kzmX-{¥y-amWv C¥y-bn¬ Hcp-Im-eØp am[y-a-߃°p e`n-®n-cp-∂Xv. sk≥k¿jn-∏n-eq-sSbpw ]{X-am-cW - _ - n-√n-eq-sS-bp-sams° am[y-aß - ƒ°p ISn-™m-Wn-Sm≥ \S∂ {ia-ßsf H‰bv°pw Iq´mbpw t\cn´ ]mc-º-cyamWp cmPysØ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p-≈Xv. ]cn-an-X-amb hm¿Øm-ti-J-cW kuI-cy-ß-fpsS Imew amdn. hn]pe-amb kmt¶-XnI klm-b-tØmsS Xß-fpsS tPmen sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kuIcyw C∂p am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p≠v. F∂m¬ hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-Ihn-Zy-bpsS hnim-e-amb Cu CSw th≠-hn[w D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ \ap°p km[n-°p-∂pt≠m? km[y-X-Ifp-sSbpw sh√p-hn-fnIfpsSbpw Ime-am-WnXv. A\u-tZym-Kn-I XS-k-ß-fmWp Xß-fpsS tPmen Imcy-£-a-ambn sNøp-∂-Xn\p am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p XS-k-am-hp∂--Xv. P\m-[n-]X - y-sØ-°p-dn-®p- Nne thdn´ Nn¥-Iƒ hf¿∂p-hc - p∂ ImeL-´-hpam-WnXv. \h-en-_-d¬ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v ]pXnb `mjy-am-Wp-≈Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-[zw-k\w IqSp-X¬ X{¥-]q¿hw \S-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-Ncyw cq]w sIm≠n-´p-≠v. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ DZmØ amXrI temI-Øn\p \¬Inb Nne cmjv{S-ß-fn¬t]mepw P\m-[n-]-Xyhn-cp-≤hpw tkz—m-[n-]-Xy-]chpamb `c-W-co-Xn-Iƒ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-amWv G‰hpw DZm-Ø-amb kmaq-ly-hy-h-ÿn-Xnbpw `cW-{I-a-hp-sa∂ Nn¥ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°paptº hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xm-sW-¶nepw cmP-`-c-Whpw GIm-[n-]-Xy-hp-am-bn-cp∂p an° temI-cm-Py-ß-fnepw \nehnencp-∂Xv. CØcw tI{µo-IrX `c-W-hy-h-ÿ-I-fpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ tNmZyw sNø-s∏-SpI Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Ahn-sS-bmWv am[y-a-ßfpw am[y-a{- ]-h¿Ø-Icpw {]k-‡a - m-bn-Øo¿∂Xv. ISpØ sh√p-hn-fn-Is - fbpw `oj-Wn-I-sfbpw t\cn-´mWv A°m-eØv am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ a\p-jym-hImi߃°pw kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\pw-th≠n ]S-s]m-cp-Xn-bXv. Ah-cn]e¿°pw AXns‚ Kpcp-X-c-amb Xn‡-^-e-߃ A\p-`-hn-t°-≠-Xmbpw h∂p.

DZm-c-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw kzX-{¥-hn-]-Wn-bp-sS-bp-sams° ImeL-´-Øn¬ am[y-a-tem-Ihpw ]e ]pXp-h-gn-Ifpw tXSn. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-ZybpsS IpXn-®p-Nm´w henb apX¬ap-S-°n\pw hgn-sbm-cp°n. hy‡n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS ]cn-an-X-amb kmº-ØnI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-sIm≠p \SØnb {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬Øs∂ ]c-i-X-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

.

(5) a[ym- ” - ] - { X- ß - f mbpw A¥n- ∏ - { X- ß - f m- b p- s ams° AXns\ sNdp-Xmbn I≠-h¿ AØcw {]kn-≤o-I-c-W߃ hm¿Øm-hym-]-\-Øn\v F{X-am{Xw klm-b-I-am-bncp-∂p-sh∂ Imcyw hnkva-cn-°-cpXv. CØcw sNdp-InS {]kn-≤o-I-W-߃ ]eXpw NndIp-I-cn-™p-hoWp. tIm¿]-td-‰p-I-fp-sStbm _nkn-\kv {Kq∏p-I-fp-sStbm cmjv{Sob {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-sStbm kwLSn-Xh - n-`m-Kß - f - p-sStbm ]n≥_-ea - p≈ {]kn-≤o-IW - ß - fpw [mcm-f-ap-≠mbn. Ah-bvs°√mw \n›nX e£y-ß-fp-≠mbn-cp∂p. AXn-\p-th≠n aqe-[-\-an-d-°m≥ ]ecpw X-bmdmbn. ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m≥ sIev]n-√msX {]kn-≤o-I-cWw \ne-®-hbpw C°q-´-Øn¬ Ipd-h√.

P\m-[n-]X - ysØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-s\-∂ hymtP\ \S°p∂ {ia-߃°p- ]n-∂n-ep≈ ]ucm-h-Im-i-[zw-k\w Is≠-ØpI ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-°m¿°p Xncn-®-dnbm≥ høm-Ø-hn[w k¶o¿W-am-W-Xv. kaq-l-Øns‚ \∑ F∂ t]cn¬ a[pcw ]pc´n \¬Ip∂ Nne Ak-Xy-ßfpw A¿[- k - X y- ß fpw \mw Xncn- ® - d nbmsX t]mI- c p- X v .

AØcw Ipcp-°p-Iƒ kaq-l-Øn\p Xpd-∂p-Im-´m≥ am[ya-߃°v Gsd ]Wn-s∏-tS-≠n-hcpw. hm¿Øm kºm-Z-\Ønepw hn\ym-k-Ønepw ]g-b-Xp-t]mse ]{X-{]-h¿ØIs‚ t\cn-´p≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Ipd-™p-hcp∂p. a\p-jyk-aq-lsØ Bg-Øn¬ _m[n-°p∂ ]e {]iv\ß - fpw D]cn-π-h-amb Nne kw-hm-Z-ß-fn¬ apßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p-≠v. hm¿Ø-Iƒ Bkzm-Zy-am°m-\p≈ {iaw ]e-t∏mgpw A]I-S-I-c-amb {]h-W-X-Iƒ°p hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. `oI-c-hmZw B[p-\nI temIsØ kam-[m-\-`-RvP\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-b-t∏mƒ AXn-s\-Xntc F¥p sNøW-sa-∂-dn-bmsX am[y-a-temIw hnd-ß-en®p \n∂n-´pt≠m F∂p kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. apwss_ `oI-cm-{I-aW-Øns‚ kPoh kwt{]-jWw Db¿Ønb hnhmZw Iptd°mew \o≠p-\n-∂p. `oI-c-X-bpsS ktµiw a‰p-≈-h-cnte°v FØn- ° m\pw `oXn- b psS A¥- c o£w \ne\n¿Øm\pw B[p- \ nI hm¿Øm- h n- \ n- a b kt¶- X ߃Xs∂ Ah¿°pw XpW-bmbn.

CØcw hn[zw- k I {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ°pw ]Ww [mcmfw Hgp-In-sbØn. A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb BLm-X-߃ s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn-te-ev]n®p {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰m≥ {ian-®h¿ a\p-jy-Po-hs - \bpw aqey-ßs - fbpw ]pdw-t]m-°n-em°n.

GXp {Iqc-IrXyØn\pw Xbm-dm-hp∂ kwL-߃ temIØns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw `c-W-Iq-S-ßsf hsc hnc¬Øpºn¬ \n¿Øn. Cu {Iqc- X - I ƒ ]pdw- t em- I - t Ø°p sIm≠p- h - c m≥ {ian® [mcmfw am[y- a - { ]- h ¿Ø- I ¿ tXm°n\pw t_mw_n-\p-an-cb - m-bn. Hcp-]t£ G‰hpw A]I-S-I-c-amb AØcw Nne hm¿Ømkam-l-cW {ia߃°n-S-bn¬ Poh≥ XyPn-t°-≠n-h∂hsc am[y-a-temIw-t]mepw th≠-hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-®n-√. am[y- a - ß - f psS \nb- { ¥Ww tIm¿]- t d- ‰ p- I - f psS ssII-fn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ as‰mcp am[y-a-kw-kvIm-c-amWp hf-cp-∂Xv. hmb-\-°m¿°v Bh-iy-ap-≈Xp sImSp-°p∂ kwkvImcw. D]-tbm-‡m-hn\v Bh-iy-ap-≈Xv F∂ te_en¬ \¬Ip-∂Xv _nkn-\kv hf¿®bv°p klm-b-IamIpw. AXn-eqsS am[y-a-[¿a-sa∂ hnim-em¿Y-ap≈ hm°n-s\bpw Ah¿ hnev]-\-®-c-°m-°n. hm¿Ø-Ifpw hni-Ie\-ßfpw am{X-a√ hnt\m-Z-

hym]\hpw am[y-a-ß-fpsS Npa-X-e-bn-em-bn. Ahn-sS Nne¿ I®-h-S-°-tÆmsS Icp-°ƒ \o°n. hnt\m-Z-ØneqsS hnev°-s∏-Sp∂ am[y-a-kw-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®p am[ya-k-aqlw hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. hnt\m-Z-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS X≈n-°-b-‰-Øn¬ hm¿ØIfpw hkvXp-X-Ifpsams° ]n¥-≈s - ∏-Sp∂p. Nm\-epIfpsS hc-thmsS hnt\mZ hym]\Øn\p km[yX h¿[n-®-t∏mƒ \ne-\n-ev]n-\mtbm a’Øn¬ H∏-sas-Ømt\m A®Sn am[y-a-ßfpw Nne X{¥ßƒ ]b-‰p-∂p. \h-am-[y-a-߃ GXp-Xcw hn\n-a-b-Øn\pw k÷am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXn-t∏mƒ ]e-t∏mgpw NcSp s]m-´nb ]´Øns‚ Ah-ÿbn-embn. h≈n s]m´n-b-ti-jhpw ]´w BIm-iØv Ipsd kabw Xeßpw hneßpw IpXn°pw. ]n∂o-Sp≈ ]X\w Fhn-tS-°m-Ip-sa∂p ]d-bm-\p-am-In√. ]´-Øns‚ `wKn-tb-dnb Ne-\-ßfpw Db-c-Øn-te-°p≈ IpXn-°epw Xmsg NcSp ]nSn-°p-∂-bm-fpsS sshZ-Kv[yØn-emsW∂Xp ad-°-cp-Xv. Im‰ns‚ KXn ssIhn-c-ep-IfneqsS a\-knepw akvXn-jvI-Ønepw A\p-`-hn-°m-\m-hWw. \h-am-[y-aß - f - psS D]-tbm-KØ - n\v \nb-{¥-Wt- a¿s∏Sp-Øm≥ ]e hgn-Ifpw Btem-Nn-°p-∂p≠v. `c-W-Iq-SØn\v C°m-cy-Øn¬ ]cn-an-XnI-fp-≠v. h¿Ø-am\ ]{Xß-fpsS bmYm-ÿn-XnI kz`m-hsØ sSen-hn-j\pw \ham-[y-ßfpw Ipsd-tbsd ]cn-jvI-cn-®n-´p≠v. tIc-f-sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A®Sn am[y-a-߃°v Iptd-°m-ewIqSn ChnsS ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-\mhpw. ]c-ºc - m-KX hm¿Øm kam-l-cW, Ah-X-cW coXn-I-fn¬ C\nbpw am‰w-h-cptØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p am{Xw. cmPy-Øns‚ CXc `mKß-fn¬ ÿnXn hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ am[y-ash-fn®w Ct∏mgpw A\y-am-Wv. 2011se kmaqly kmº- Ø nI PmXn k¿th cmPysØ {Kmao- W - t a- J - e - b psS Ah- ÿ - s b- ° p- d n®p hy‡-amb Nne hnh-c-߃ \¬Ip-∂p≠v. {]Xn-amk hcpam\w Aøm-bncw cq]-bn¬ Xmsg-bp-≈-h-cmWv cmPysØ {Kmao-W-cn¬ 73 iX-am-\hpw. 6.68 e£w IpSpw-_-߃ hni-∏-S-°m≥ hgn tXSp-∂Xp `n£-sb-Sp-Øm-Wt{X. {KmaoW C¥y-bnse ]Ip-Xn-bn-tesd IpSpw-_-ßfpw Hcp Xp≠p `qan t]mep-an-√m-Ø-h-cmWv. C¥y-bnse Ip´n-I-fpsS t]mj-Im-lm-c-°p-d-hn-s\°p-dn®p Iptd-°mew apºv bqWn-sk^v Hcp ]T-\d - n-t∏m¿´v Xbm-dm-°n-bn-cp∂p. AXp {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv XS-™p. hoSp-I-fn¬ sshZyp-Xnbpw em≥Uv t^mWpw ssIhiw samss_¬ t^mWp-sams° D≈-h-cpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ IqSpX¬ Bfp-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-tºmƒ hnI-k\w ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°se∂p ]d-bp-∂-h¿ bYm¿Y {KmaoW C¥y-bpsS Nn{Xw ImWmsX t]mIp∂p.

B[n-Im-cnIamb sk≥kkv hnh-c-߃ C{Xbpw `oXn-Z-am-sbmcp kmaqly kmwkvIm-cnI ]›m-Øew hc®p-Im-´p-tºmƒ C¥y-bnse am[y-a-tem-I-Øn\v Xß-fpsS sXmgn¬]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw h¿[n-°p-I-bmWv. C√mbva-I-fpsS Cu CS-ß-fn-te°p IS∂p sN√m≥ am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I¿°p km[n-°Ww. Xnf-ßp∂ apJ-Øns‚ aqSn hen-®p-am-‰p-tºmƒ ImWp∂ IdpØ bmYm¿Yy-߃°p t\tc IÆmSn ]nSn-°m≥ C\nbpw Gsd Zqcw t]mtI-≠Xp-≠v. ¤ Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(6)

]n. _k¥v .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

tamZn... sIPvcnhmƒ...

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(7)

]ns∂ am[y-aßfpw am

[y-a-ß-fpsS ]q¿Æ-]n-¥p-W-tbmsS cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ ]S¿∂p ]¥-en® t\Xm-°ƒ tIc-fØnepw cmPyØpw \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v. cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpsS hf¿®-bn¬ am[y-a-߃ hln-°p∂ sNdnb ]¶ns\-°p-dn®v B¿°pw kwi-b-an-√. am[y-a-ßfpw am[y-a{]-h¿Ø-Icpw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpw XΩn-ep≈ \m`o_‘w sh´n-am-‰m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xpa-√. ""ehv-˛-slbv‰v'' _‘-am-W-Xv. shdp-°p-tºmgpw At\ym\yw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv, As√-¶n¬ CjvS-s∏Sm\pw ASp-°m\pw B{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cmWv aq∂p Iq´cpw. hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v a‰p ]e tI{µ-ßfpw t]mse, cmjv{So-b-°m-c-\pw, am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ kw_-‘n-®n-StØmfw {][m-\-am-Wv. a\ psIm≠p shdp-°p-tºmgpw ASp-°m\pw "KpUv _p°vkn¬' CSw-]n-Sn-°m≥ {ian-°p∂Xpw AXp-sIm≠m-Wv. am[y-a-ßfpw am[ya-{]h¿Ø-Icpw cmjv{So-b-

°mcpw XΩn-ep≈ Ahn-ip≤ _‘w ]e-t∏mgpw Btcm-]-W-߃°pw hnhm-Z-߃°pw hgn-sX-fn®n-´p-ap≠v. tIm¿∏-td‰v CS-\n-e-°mcn \ocm dmUn-b-bpsS sSent^m¨ tNm¿Ønb BZm-b-\n-IpXn hIp-∏n\p e`n-®Xp hgn-hn´ _‘-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. \yqU¬lnbnse ]e ap≥\nc FUn-‰¿amcpw tIm¿∏-td‰v CS-\n-e°mcpsSbpw cmjv{So-b-°m-cp-sSbpw ]nWn-bm-fp-I-fmsW∂ kXyw ]pd-Øp-h-∂Xv At∏m-gm-Wv. ssI∏m-S-Ise-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Cu _‘-sa∂p ]≠v tP¿W-enkw ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Kpcp-\m-Y≥am¿ ]Tn-∏n-°m-dp≠v. F∂m¬, apt∂m-´p≈ t]m°n¬ Cu {][m\ D]-tZiw ]et∏mgpw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ ad-°m-dpap-≠v. IqSp-XASp-°p-tºmƒ s]s´∂p AI-∂p-t]m-Im\p≈ km[yXbpw IqSp-X-em-Wv. B AI¬® ]I-tbmsS Bbmepw A¤p-X-s∏-tS≠-Xn-√. am[y-a-ß-sfbpw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-scbpw ka¿∞-ambn D]-tbm-Kn® t\Xm-°ƒ cmjv{So-b-ØnPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(8)

Gsd-bp-≠v. AXn¬ ap≥\nc ko‰v \¬Im-hp-∂Xv {][m\-a{¥n \tc{µ tamZn°pw U¬ln apJy-a{¥n Ac-hnµv sIPvcnhm-fn-\p-am-Wv. X߃ t\cn´ G‰hpw henb cmjv{Sob ]co-£-W-Øn¬ Ccp-h¿°pw am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-W-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {][m-\-a{¥n ÿm\m¿∞nbmbn Ign™ sIm√sØ s]mXp-Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏na¬k-cn-°p-tºmƒ tZiob am[y-a-ß-fn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw tamZn-s°m∏w \n∂p-sh∂v hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. am[ya CS-s]-S-en¬ {][m\ FXn-cm-fn-bmb tIm¨{Kkv ]n∂m°w t]mbXpw Hcp Imc-W-am-bn. F∂m¬, Xncs™-Sp-∏n\p tijw am[y-a-ßsf AI‰n \n¿Øn-bn-cn°p-I-bm-Wv tamZn. kzbw AI∂p \n¬°p-∂p-sh-∂Xn\p]cn a‰p a{¥n-amsc AI‰n \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\p ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xpw {][m-\-a-{¥n-bpsS Hm^o-km-sW∂ Btcm-]-Whpw i‡-am-Wv. kam-\-amWv U¬ln apJy-a{¥n Ac-hnµv sIPvcnhmfpw. knhn¬ k¿∆okv hn´v s]mXp-tk-h-\Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

Øn\v Cd-ßnb sIPvcnhm-fns\ hodp‰ t]mcm-fn-bm°n am‰nbXn¬ am[y-a-߃°pw Hcp ]¶v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smw. Xe-ÿm\\K-cn-sb∂p U¬ln°v t]cp-≈-t∏mgpw a‰p \K-c-߃ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ cq£-amWv Chn-SpsØ P\-߃ t\cn-Sp∂ ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\-߃. Fw. ]namcpw a{¥n-amcpw Xma-kn-°p∂ eyq´n-b≥kv taJebpw CS-Ø-c-°m-cnse ta¬Ø-´p-Im¿ Xma-kn-°p∂ tImf-\n-Ifpw am‰n-h-®m¬ as‰hn-Sp-sØbpw t]mse IpSn-sh-≈hpw sshZyp-Xnbpw ipNn-Xz-hp-sa√mw km[mcW°mc\v C∂pw U¬ln-bn¬ A{]m-]y-am-Wv. CXn-s\-Xnsc Fs¥-¶nepw \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ apJy-[mc cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-Iƒ Xbm-dm-Im-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mgmWv Ac-hnµv sIPvcnhm-sf∂ sNdp-∏-°m-cs‚ hc-hv. t\csØ Xs∂ hnh-cm-h-Im-i-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-´-Øn-eqsS kPo-h-amb sIPvcnhmƒ U¬lnbnse km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ {]iv\-ß-fn¬ CS-s]´p XpSßn. C∂sØ t]mse h≥P-\-°q-´-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-an-

(9)

√msX ]e-t∏mgpw H‰bmƒ t]mcm-´-Øn¬ HXpßnb {]Xn-tj-[-ßsf ]n¥p-W-°m≥ U¬ln-bnse am[y-a߃ Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂v AÆm lkm-sc-bpsS Agn-aXn hncp≤ t]mcm-´-Øns‚ Ip¥-ap-\-bmbn amdptºm-tg°pw sIPvcnhm-fn-\p-≈nse cmjv{So-b-°m-c≥ ]pd-tØ°v h∂pXpS-ßn. Agn-aXn hncp≤ {]ÿm-\Øn¬ \n∂v, lkm-sc-bpsS FXn¿∏v Ah-K-Wn®v Bw BZvan ]m¿´n (FF]n) F∂ cmjv{Sob ]co-£-WØn\v XpS°w Ipdn-°p-tºmƒ sIPvcnhmƒ U¬ln-°mcpsS a\-kn¬ CSw-tX-Sn-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb cmjv{Sob kwkvImcw Db¿Øn-]n-Sn® sIPvcnhm-fn\v ]nd-Inam[y-a-ßfpw AWn-tN¿∂p. sIPvcnhm-fns‚ ]nd-Inse i‡nbpw am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I-cm-bn-cp∂p. tbmtK{µ bmZ-hv, Ct∏mgsØ D]-ap-Jy-a{¥nbpw k¥-X-kl-Nm-cn-bp-amb a\ojv kntkm-Znb, h‡mhv AiptXmjv Bjnjv tJXm≥ XpS-ßnb-hscms° am[ya-cw-KØp\n∂v cmjv{So-bØnFØn-b-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. am[y-a-ß-fpambn Dujva-f-amb _‘w \ne\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v sIPvcnhm-fn\v Ch¿ klm-bIambn F∂Xv

hnkva-cn®p IqSm. sIPvcnhmfpw tbmtK{µ bmZhpw {]im¥v `qjWpw tN¿∂v U¬ln-bn-sebpw tZiob cmjv{So-b-Ønsebpw tIm¿∏-td‰v taJ-e-bn-sebpw "hnip≤ ]ip-°ƒ's°-Xnsc cwK-Øp-h-∂-t∏mƒ a\- psIm≠v BÀm-Zn-°p-Ibpw ]n¥p-W-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Icm-bn-cp∂p.

Km‘n IpSpw-_sØ hna¿in-°-cp-sX∂ AenJnX \nbaw s]mfn-s®-gp-Xn-bXv sIPvcnhmfpw kwL-hpam-Wv. Aw_m-\n-am-c-S-°-ap≈ tIm¿∏-td‰v sIm≈-°mcpsS hntZ-isØ I≈-∏-W-Øns‚ tcJ-Iƒ s]mXp-P\-Øn\p ap∂n¬ hmcn-h-en-®n-´Xv sIPvcnhm-fns‚ t\XrXz-Øn-ep≈ aqh¿ kwL-am-Wv. U¬ln-bnse sdbvko\ tdmUn-ep≈ {]kv ¢_v Hm^v C¥y-bn¬

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(10) aptIjv Aw_m-\n-bpsS I≈-∏-W-Øns‚ "IY-Iƒ' hnh-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ hm¿Øm ktΩ-f-\-Øn-\n-S-bnHcp {]apJ tZio-b-]-{X-Øns‚ _yqtdm No^v ]d™Xv Ct∏mgpw Hm¿°p-∂p. ""CXv Ncn{X aplq¿ØamWv kplr-tØ. \mw Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm sI´n-s∏m°nb hm¿Ø-bpsS aXn-ep-I-fmWv ChnsS CSn™p hogp-∂-Xv.'' ]nt‰-∂sØ ]{X-Øn¬ AXv A®-Sn®p hcp-tam-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√ At∏m-gsØ {]iv\w. CØ-c-°msc s]mXp-th-Zn-bn¬ apg-®p\n¿Øm≥ t]m∂ B¨Ip´n cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ FØnbn-cn-°p∂p F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hm-bn-cp∂p B kplrØns‚ a\- n¬.

AhnsS \n∂v sIPvcnhmƒ _lp-Zqcw apt∂m´p t]mbn. tIm¨{Kkv ]n¥p-W-tbmsS BZyhpw ]n∂oSv

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

h≥`q-cn-]-£-tØmsS c≠m-aXpw U¬ln apJya{¥nbmbn. tamZnsb ssIhn´v Ign™ U¬ln \nb-ak`m Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ am[y-a-߃ sIPvcnhm-fn\p ]ndIn¬ AWn-\n-c-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv I≠-Xv. 70-˛¬ 67 ko‰p-ambn sIPvcnhmƒ A[n-Im-c-Øn-te-°v. ]t£, am[y-a-ß-fp-am-bp≈ sIPvcnhmfns‚ a[p-hn[p hfsc Ipd®v Znh-k-߃ am{X-ta-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p-≈q. ]m¿´n-°p-≈nse {]iv\-ß-fn¬ am[y-a-߃ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂p-sh∂ Btcm-]-W-Øn\p ]ndtI k¿°mcn-s\bpw a{¥n-am-scbpw XI¿°m≥ am[y-a-߃ I®sI-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ Bt£-]-hp-ambn sIPvcnhmƒ cwK-sØ-Øn. Hcp ]pØ≥ cmjv{Sob kwkvImcw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®-h¿, X\n cmjv{So-b-°m-cpsS `mj kwkm-cn-°p-∂-XmWv ]n∂oSv I≠-Xv. cmPysØ

(11)

GsXmcp cmjv{So-b-°m-c-s‚bpw ico-c-`mj sIPvcnhmfnepw Iq´-cnepw {]Xy-£-s∏-´p XpS-ßn. am[y-a-߃°v sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰n¬ hne°v I¬∏n-®Xv h≥hn-a¿i-\-߃°v hgn-sX-fn-®-Xn\p ]n∂mse, k¿°m¿ ]pd-Øn-d-°nb k¿°p-e¿ henb N¿®-Iƒ°v hgn-Xp-d-∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. apJy-a{- ¥n-sbtbm a{¥n-am-sctbm k¿°m-cns\tbm CIgvØn ImWn-°p∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒs°-Xnsc am\-\jvStIkv \¬I-Ws - a∂p k¿°m¿ DtZym-Kÿ sc Npa-Xe - s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - mWv sabv amk-Øn¬ ]pd-Øn-dßnb k¿°p-e¿. kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ B‚ v ]ªnkn‰n hIp∏v ]pd-Øn-d° - nb k¿°p-e¿ {]Imcw k¿°mcns‚ {]Xn-—mb \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - mWv hm¿Ø-sb∂v GsX-¶nepw DtZym-Kÿ \p "tXm∂n-bm¬' DS≥Xs∂ B`y-¥c {]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I-´d - n°v ]cmXn \¬I-Ww. hm¿Ø-bnse sX‰v, {]kn-≤o-Ic - n® coXn, kwhn[m\w (]{Xw, Nm\¬), am\-\j - vSØ - n-\p≈ Imc-Wß - ƒ F∂nh hy‡-am-°n-bp≈ ]cm-Xn-bn-t∑¬ t{]mkn-Iyqj≥ Ub-dI - vSd - p-ambn Btem-Nn®v {]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I´dn \nb-a\ - S- ] - Sn kzoI-cn-°W - s - a-∂X - mWv k¿°p-e-dnhy‡-am-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CXn-\p≈ ImcWw F¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p BZyw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. U¬ln \nba a{¥n PntX{µ knMv tXma-dn-s\-Xnsc Db¿∂ hymP \nba Un{Kn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Btcm-]Ww hm¿Ø-bm-°n-b-XmWv sIPvcnhmƒ k¿°m-cns\ {]tIm-]n-∏n-®-Xv. am[y-a-

߃°v t\sc-bp≈ ]S-sbm-cp-°-amWv ]n∂oSv I≠-Xv. am[y-a-ßsf s]mXp-hn-Nm-c-Wbv°v hnt[-b-am-°-Wsa∂p s]mXp-th-Zn-bn¬ sIPvcnhmƒ {]Jym-]n-®p. Bw BZvan k¿°m-cns‚ {]Xn-—mb XI¿°m≥ Hcp hn`mKw am[y-a-߃ Cdßn ]pd-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p At±lw Btcm-]n-®p. tXma¿ sX‰p-sN-bvXn-´n-s√∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬ sIPvcnhmƒ Dd-®p-\n-∂p. XpS¿∂mWv hnhmZ k¿°p-edpw a‰pw ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xv. F∂m¬, _m¿ Iu¨kn-ens‚ ]cm-Xn-bnAt\z-jWw \S-Ønb U¬ln t]meokv tXma¿ Ip‰w sNbvXp-sh∂v Is≠-Øn. a{¥n tXma-dn-s\ HutZymKnIhk-Xn-bn¬\n∂v U¬ln t]meokv AdÃp sNbvXp Pbn-en-eS- ® - p. tXma-dns‚ Un{Kn hymP-amsW∂pw B hymP Un{Kn D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv At±lw \nba ]T-\Ø - n\p tN¿∂-sX∂pw Ct∏mƒ hy‡-am-bn°-gn-™p. tXma-dns\ a{¥n-k` - b - n¬\n∂p sIPvcnhmƒ ]pd-Øm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs∂ tXma¿ sX‰n-≤c - n-∏n®p-sh-∂mWv Ign-™Z- n-hkw apJy-a{¥n Ac-hnµv sIPvcnhmƒ Ip‰-kΩ - Xw \S-Øn-bX - v. At∏mƒ, ]ng-®Xv B¿°m-sW∂ tNmZyw _m°n-bm-hp-∂p.

U¬ln k¿°m-cns‚ hnhmZ k¿°p-e¿ kp{]ow tImSXn tà sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. kpXmcy `c-W-sa∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-hp-ambn A[n-Im-c-Øn-te-dnb k¿°m-cmWv Hcp hm¿ØbpsS t]cn¬ am[ya-ßsf {Inan-\¬ \S-]-Sn°v hnt[-b-am-°m≥ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØXv Ft∂m¿°-Ww. tXma-dn-t‚Xv hymP _ncp-Z-amPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(12)

sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ Hcp hnh-cm-h-Imi tcJ {]kn≤o-I-cn-°pI am{X-amWv am[y-a-߃ sNbvX-Xv. tXmadns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ sk¬^v tKmf-Sn®v ]n¥n-cn-™n-cn°p-I-bmWv U¬ln k¿°m¿.

ChnsS ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠Xv as‰mcp hkvXp-X-bmWv. am[ya-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°v t\sc am\-\-jvS-Øn\p tIsk-Sp-°m≥ k¿°p-e¿ Cd-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in® Achnµv sIPvcnhmƒ, am\-\-jvSsØ {Inan-\¬ Ip‰-ambn ImWp∂ C¥y≥ in£m \nb-a-Ønse 499, 500 hIp-∏p-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

Iƒ tNmZyw sNbvXv kp{]ow tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-®n´p≈ hy‡n-bm-Wv. Cu c≠v hIp-∏p-I-fp-sSbpw `c-WL-S\m km[p-X-bmWv sIPvcnhmƒ kp{]ow tImS-Xnbn¬ tNmZyw sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. sIPvcnhmfns\-Xnsc KXm-KX a{¥n \nXn≥ KUvIcn, ap≥ a{¥nbpw {]apJ A`n-`m-j-I-\p-amb I]n¬ kn_-ens‚ aI≥ AanXv kn_¬, U¬ln apJy-a-{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ joem Zo£n-Xns‚ s]mfn-‰n-°sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ ]h≥ tJcm F∂n-h¿ \¬Inb am\-\jvS tIkp-Iƒ U¬ln tImS-Xn-Ifn¬ hnNm-c-W-bpsS hnhn[ L´-ß-fn-em-Wv. KUvIcn-s°-Xnscbpw a‰pw sIPvcnhmƒ Agn-aXn Btcm]-W-ap-∂-bn-®Xv am\-\-jvSap≠m-°n-sb∂v Btcm-]n-°p∂-XmWv l¿Pn-Iƒ. {Inan-\¬ am\-\jvSw F¥m-sW∂v C¥y≥ in£m \nb-a-Ønse 499-˛mw hIp∏v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. am\-\-jvS-ap≠m-°n-b-Xn\v Hcp sIm√sØ XS-hmWv 500˛mw hIp-∏n¬ ]dbp-∂-Xv. Cu c≠p hIp-∏p-Iƒ A`n-{]mb kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v FXn-cm-sW∂v Nq≠n-°m-´n-

(13) Kk‰v aXn-bm-Ipw. AXns\ hm¿Øm am[y-asa∂p hnfn-°m-dn-√. GXmbm-epw, U¬ln k¿°m¿ Ct∏mƒ ]{X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ am{X-a-√, Nm\-ep-I-fnse hm¿Ø-Ifpw a‰pw kq£va-amb ]cn-tim-[\bv°v hnt[-b-am-°p-∂p≠v. am[ya kzmX{¥yØn\v t\sc-bp≈ IS∂p-I-b-‰-amWv U¬ln k¿°m-cns‚ \S-]-Sn-sb∂ Btcm-]Ww \ne-\n¬°p∂p-≠v. AtX-k-abw, am\\-jvS-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \ne-hn-ep≈ N´-߃ Bh¿Øn-°pI am{X-amWv k¿°m¿ sNbvX-sX-∂mWv FF-]n-bpsS Hcp t\Xmhv ]d-™-Xv. Aß-s\-sb-¶nB N´-߃ tNmZyw sNbvXv sIPvcnhmƒ kp{]ow tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-®Xv F¥n-s\∂ tNmZy-Øn\v Ah¿°v adp-]-Sn-bpan√. hnhm-Z-߃ sImgp-°p-tºmgpw sh´n¬ hogptºmgpw cmjv{So-b-°m-c-S-°-ap≈h¿ am[y-a-ßsf ]gn Nmcp-∂Xv ]Xn-hm-Wv. cmjv{So-b-Øn-te°v "em‰-dF≥{Sn' hgn IS-∂p-h∂ Ac-hnµv sIPvcnhmƒ AXnthKw apJy-[mc cmjv{So-b-°m-c-\mbn amdp-∂p-sh∂v am{X-amWv Cu kw`hw \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. H∏w Bw BZvan ]m¿´n- cmPysØ a‰p cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-Ifn¬ H∂mIm\pw A[nIw kabw th≠n-h-cn-s√∂ kqN-\-bp-amWv AXv \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

¤

bmWv sIPvcnhmƒ kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv. am\-\-jvS-tI-kp-I-fnse hnNm-cW \S-]-Sn-Iƒ tà sNø-W-sa∂pw Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. am\-\-jvS-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hIp-∏p-Iƒ auenImh-Imi ewL-\-am-sW∂v hmZn®v tImS-Xn-bnt]mb hy‡nbpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ k¿°m-cmWv am[y-a-߃°p-t\sc AsX \nbaw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ \n¿tZiw \¬In-b-sX∂Xv hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-Wv. AhnsSbpw sIPvcnhmƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-®n-√. apXn¿∂ am[ya-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ ]{Xtam Nm\tem XpS-ßm≥ B{K-ln°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ k¿°m¿ F√m klm-bhpw sNøpsa∂pw At±lw ]d-™p. "hm¿Ø' am{Xw \¬Ip∂ hnizm-ky-X-bp≈ am[y-a-ßfpw thWsa∂pw sIPvcnhmƒ ]d-™-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´p-I-fp-≠m-bncp-∂p.

F¥mWv sIPvcnhmƒ Dt±-in°p∂ hm¿Ø. k¿°m-cns‚ hnti-j-߃ am{Xw \¬Im-\m-sW-¶n¬

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

amXr-`q-an-bpsS \yqU¬ln kvs]jy¬ Id-kvt]m≠‚mWv teJ-I≥. teJ-Is‚ C˛-sabn¬: basanth67@gmail.com Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(14)

sI. cmP-tKm-]m..................................................................................................................................................................................................

ASn-b¥-cm-h-ÿ- I-gn-™Xpw \S-∏n-ep-≈Xpw hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂Xpw ...-h¿Ø-am\w hnfn-®p-Iqhpw sN°s‚ \mh-cn™p Npa-cn-se√mw Icn-h-c°pw Icp-am-So-\m-h-cn™p sNfn-In-f®p ]qhn-cn® ]pe-bs‚ \mh-cn™p \mhp-a-cw, sI. k®n-Zm-\µ≥, hnth-tIm-Z-bw, 1976 am¿®v 14.

The state is the culmination of a process of Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

concentration of different species of capital: capital of physical force or instruments of coercion (army, police), economic capital, cultural or (better) informational capital and symbolic capital.

- Alain Badiou

C¥y-bpsS kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c Ncn{Xw s]mXpsh ]Ip-°p-∂Xv ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°v ap≥]pw, ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°p tijhpw F∂ coXn-bnemW.v ChnsS \nc-h[n ap∂-dn-hp-Iƒ Iev]nX-am-Wv. H∂mw temIalm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw cq]wsIm≠, c≠mw temIalm-bp-≤sØ XpS¿∂p

(15) ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ Bcw-`n®, tZicmjv{S k¶¬∏-amWv CXn¬ {][m-\w. hfsc efn-X-am°n ]d-™m¬, AXn¿Øn \n›n-X-am-b, \nbX A[n-Imc cq]-߃ hgn \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂, tZicmjv{S-Øn¬ ]c-am-[n-Imc (dn-∏-ªn-Iv) kz`m-h-ap≈ `cWkwhn-[m-\-߃ \Ωƒ Btcm]n-°p-∂p-≠v. c≠mw temIalm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-ti-jap≈ temI cmjv{Sob Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \nc-h[n ""cmjv{S'' cq]o-I-c-W-ß-fpw, XpS¿∂v bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-߃ Chbv°v A[n-Im-c-߃ ssIam-depw \S-∂p. {]mXn\n[y P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m\amWv Nne cmjv{S-ß-sf¶nepw cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m-\-ambn kzoI-cn-®-Xv. ""\n¿ΩnX cmjv{S-߃°v'' tbmPn® kwhn-[m-\hpw AXm-bn-cp-∂p. AØcw cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m-\-ØnXncn-®-dn-hp-≈, kzbw \n¿Æb km[y-X-bp≈ ]uc≥ IqSn Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. (]s£ AXn-\p≈ ]›m-Øew Ahn-I-knX tImf-\n-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.) C¥y kzoI-cn-®Xpw AXp-X-s∂. C¥y F∂ hn]p-e-cmjv{S BJym-\hpw aq¿Ø-cq-]-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv kzmX{¥y kac Ime-L´w F∂p \Ωƒ Ct∏mƒ hnti-jn-∏n°p∂ kw`hw H∂mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn\pw c≠mw

temIalm-bp-≤-Øn\pw CS-bv°p≈ kabw Xs∂bmWv. H∂mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw ISs°-Wn-bn¬s∏´ {_n´≥ tImf-\n-Isf ISpØ Nqj-WØn-\p-hn-t[-b-am-°n. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w Ign-™t∏mƒ tImf-\n-I-fnse `cWw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ IgnbmØ Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v {_n´≥ FØn. ssk\n-Itijn D]-tbm-Kn®v tImf-\n-Isf \ne-\n¿Øm≥ th≠ hn`-h-tijn Ah¿°p≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS ]cn-anXn Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p tImf-\n-Isf \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-bmsX h∂-Xn{][m-\-amb Hcp Imcyw. tImf-\n-Iƒ F∂ bqtdm-]y≥ BJym-\-Øn\p henb {]Xn-k‘n t\cn-´p. tImf-\nIƒ Ah-cpsS kz¥w BJym-\-߃ ÿm]n-s®-Sp-°m\p≈ Ignhv ]cn-an-X-am-sb-¶nepw B¿÷n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y F∂ alm BJym-\-cq]w D≠m-°n-sb-Sp°m≥ A∂p km[y-amb B[p-\nI am[ya cq]w A®Sn am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. As√-¶n¬, amkvao-Unb F∂ coXnbn¬ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw ]{X-ßfpw B\p-Im-en-I-ßfpw am{Xta e`y-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. (]n¬°m-eØv tdUn-tbm-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(16) bpw, F¨]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy Imew apX¬ sSen-hnj\pw Cu ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-®p.) cmjv{S-Øns‚ _rlXv BJym-\-߃ ]eXpw \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-´Xv CXn-lmk hymJym-\-ßtfm anØp-I-fpsS ]p\¿c-N-\-Itfm, kmlnXy Iem cN-\-Itfm hgn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. anØpIƒ apJy-ambpw C¥ym D]-`q-J-fi-Øns‚ hS°v `mKsØ tI{µo-I-cn-®p≈h Bbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ C¥y F∂ kmaqlycmjv{S \n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS BJym-\hpw kn‘p-˛-KwKm ka-Xe kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-bnDu∂n-s°m-≠p-≈-Xm-bn. Imivaocpw, hS-°p-˛-In-g-°p≈ `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fpw, Z£n-tW-¥ybpw hnime C¥y hymJym-\-Øn¬ Hmc-ß-fn-te°v HXp-ßn. Ahn-S-ßfnse kmwkvIm-cnI `qanI ]cn-K-Wn°s∏´-tX-bn-√.

B[p-\nI C¥y F∂ \n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS apJy hymJym-\-ßfmb C¥ysb Is≠-ج, temI kwkvImc Ncn-{X-Øn-te°v Hcp FØn-t\m´w XpSßnb s\lvdp cN-\-I-fpw, taml≥Zmkv Icw-Nµv Km‘n-bpsS hSt° C¥y kwkvIrXn tI{µo-I-cn-®p≈ hymJym-\-ßfpw Fgp-Øp-Ifpw apJy-[mc F∂p hntijn-∏n-°-s∏´ ""lnµp'' anØp-I-sfbpw, Nn¥m-[m-c-Isfbpw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-Øs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p. a‰v ""kzmX-{¥y-k-ac t\Xm-°fp''sS cN-\-Ifpw AXpXs∂ ]n¥p-S¿∂p. kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw cmjv{So-bambpw Imivao-cpw, hS-°p-In-g-°p≈ `q{]-tZ-i-ßfpw,

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

Z£n-tW-¥ybpw Aßs\ tImf-\n-I-fm-hp-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. ""kzX-{¥-`m-cXw'' Cu {]tZ-i-ßsf ]nSn-s®SpØp ""apJy'' `q{]-tZ-i-tØmSp Iq´n-t®¿°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv F∂p kzmX-{¥y-ti-j-ap≈ `q\n¿Ωn-Xn-sb°p-dn®p kq£va-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXm¬ hy‡-amIpw. kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c cmjv{Sob C¥y-bpsS kmºØnI Ncn{Xw Cu \nK-a-\-Øn\p sXfn®w \¬Ip-∂Xm-Wv. 1947\p tijw cq]-s∏´ C¥ybv°v G‰hpw A[nIw hntZ-i-\mWyw t\Sn-s°m-SpØ hS°v Ing°≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn-tebpw tIc-f-Øn-tebpw ]nt∂m°m-hÿ CØcw Hcp sImtfm-Wn-b¬ NqjW kºZvhyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw AXns\ ]n¥m-ßp∂ \b-ßfp-sSbpw ^e-am-bn-cp-∂p. B \b-߃ kmwkvIm-cnI `qan-I-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ Nne {]tXyI kmº-ØnI `qan-I-bpsS D¬∏-∂-am-bn-cp-∂p. cmjv{S\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS Ahn`mPy LS-I-amWv ]uc \n¿Ωn-Xn. cmjv{S-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS hyh-lm-c-Øn-\I-Øp-X-s∂-bmWv CXpw \S-°p-∂-Xv. cmjv{S-t_m-[Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-am-Wn-Xv. kzbw \n¿Æ-bm-h-Im-iap≈ cmjv{S-Øn¬ kzbw \n¿Æ-bm-h-Im-i-ap≈ ]uc≥ D≠m-h-Ww. cmjv{S-Øns‚ s]mXpkzØp°ƒ°v Ah\p Xpeym-h-Im-i-ap-≠v. cmjv{S-hy-h-lm-cØn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-h-\mWv Ah≥ F∂v k¶¬∏n-°s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ \b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Ønepw, `c-W-\n¿∆-l-

(17)

W-Ønepw Ah\v XpeymhImi-ap-≠v. F∂m¬, CsX√mw \nc-h[n LS-I-ßsf B{i-bn-®mWv \nesIm-≈p-∂Xv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, Cu LS-I-߃ ""]uc''s‚tijn°v ]pd-ØmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, P\m-[n-]Xyw ]cm-[o-\-X-Iƒ \nd-™Xm-Ip-∂p.

Cu ]cm-[o-\-X-Iƒ°v Bgw Iq´p-∂-XmWv cmjv{SØn-\-IsØ kmº-ØnI hyh-lm-c-߃. Im¿jnI kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p hymh-km-bnI kº-Zvhy-hÿ-bn-te-°p≈ am‰w kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ka-c-tØm-sSm∏w Xs∂ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bpsS H∂mw ]©-h’-c-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Im¿jn-I-ta-J-ebv°v Du∂¬ \¬In-bXv A£-cm-`ym-k-an-√mØ henb hn`mKw {KmaoW P\-ßsf Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn Xr]vXns∏-Sp-Øm≥ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v ""^e-{ipXn'' hy‡am-°p-∂p. hyh-km-b-߃°v ASn-Ød ]mIp∂ Im¿jnIhnI-k-\-amWv H∂mw ]©-h’-c-]-≤Xn \S∏m-°n-b-Xv. Bkq-{XWw \n¿ΩnXcmjv{SsØ samØØn¬ IW-°n-se-Sp-°p∂ tI{µo-Ir-X-amb H∂m-b-Xn\m¬ kq£va-X-e-ß-fn¬ AXp \njv{]-tbm-P-\-am-Ip∂p. tI{µo-IrX kºZvhyhÿ°pth≠ \b-߃ ASn-t®¬∏n-®Xp aqew Im¿jn-I-˛-{Kma tI{µo-Ir-X-amb kº-Zvhy-hÿ XI-cp-Ibpw AXv Ah-cpsS hn`h ASnØ-dsb Xmdp-am-dm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Bdp ]Xn-‰m-≠pI-fm-bn´pw C°mcyw k¥p-en-X-ambn´ns√∂v kao-]Ime A\p-`-h-߃ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kzmX{¥yka-c-Øn\p h≥ ]n-¥pW\¬In-bn-cp∂Xv C¥y≥ hyh-km-bn-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. tImf\n Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B hyh-km-bn-Iƒ°p hf¿®bv°p ]cn-

an-Xn-Iƒ hf-sc-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kzX{¥ ]c-am-[nImctI{µw Ah-cpsS sNm¬∏-Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂-Xm-hWw. AØcw Hcp cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m\w Hcp-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS e£yw. Im¿jnI hyh-ÿbpsS hyh-km-b-h¬°-cWw km[m-cW I¿j-I\v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. `t£ym¬∏m-Z-\-Øns‚ tXmXv h¿[n∏n-°m-\p≈ {ia-߃ Irjn `qan-bpsS h¿[\ F∂ k¶¬∏-Øn-te°p \bn-®p. shdpw kmam\y ⁄m\w.

Irjn`qan-bpsS hym]vXn h¿[n-∏n-®Xv ImSpw Imbepw a‰p s]mXp CS-ßfpw Itø-dnbpw kzIm-cy-h¬°-cn®pw Bbn-cp-∂p. AXp `qan ssIhiwsh°msX Irjn sNbvXn-cp-∂, Pohn-X-hrØn \n¿∆-ln-®n-cp∂ ]e¿°pw sXmgn¬ C√m-Xm-°p∂ Ah-ÿbn¬ FØn-®p. Cw•≠n¬ hyh-kmbhnπ-h-Im-esØ AtX Ah-ÿ-bnBbn-Øo¿∂p C¥y-bpsS kº-ZvL-S-\m-h-ÿ. \K-c-ßfn-te°p Ipd™ thX-\-Øn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf e`yam-°p∂ cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m\w Aßs\ Hcp-°-s∏´p. {_n´ojv sImtfm-Wn-b¬ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ tI{µw Cw•≠mb-Xn-\m¬ hn`h Nqj-W-Øns‚ kuIcyamWv Ah¿ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-®-Xv. AXn\m¬ Xpd-apJ \K-c-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-´p. kzmX-{¥ym\-¥c ImeØv (a-Zn-cmin Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬) \K-c-h¬°cWw AXn-thKw \S-∂Xv DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. sIm¬°-Ø-bn¬ \n∂v {][m\ Iº\n-I-fpsS Bÿm\-߃ F√mw ]Xps° ]Xps° am‰-s∏-´p. sXmgn-em-fnI-fpsS ka-c-߃ F∂ hymtP-\, sshZyp-Xnbpw sh≈hpw \nc-h[n a‰p {]IrXnhn`-h-ßfpw kpe-`-ambn In´p-∂, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy¿ th≠-{X-bp≈ tIc-fsØ Xg™p. (]n-∂o-Sp≈ ]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-®Xp ka-c-߃ Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(18) aqe-ap≈ tIc-f-Ønse sXmgn¬Zn\ \jvSw a‰p \K-cß-fn-te-Xn-s\-°mƒ hfsc Ipd-hmWv F∂-Xm-Wv.) sXmgn-emfn ka-c-ß-fp-sSbpw \nt£]w hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xn-s‚bpw {][m\ Imc-W-ambn ]gn tI´Xv IΩyq-WnÃp-Im-cm-Wv. [mXp-°fpw a‰pw [mcm-f-ambn e`y-am-bn´pw _olm¿, _wKmƒ, Hdok F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse \nt£]w [mXp Nqj-W-Øn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-´p. G‰hpw Zcn-{Z-amb {]tZ-i-am-bn-Øo¿∂p Chn-Sw. {]tZ-i-Øns‚ LS-\, sshZ-Kv[y-ap≈ sXmgn-emfn-I-fpsS e`y-X°pdhv F∂nh-bm-bn-cp∂p hS°p˛Ing-°≥ taJ-e-Iƒ \nt£-]߃°v A\y-am-hm≥ ImcWsa∂p hni-Zo-I-cWw h∂p. sImtfm-Wn-b¬ NqjW kz`m-h-amWv CXn\p ImcWw F∂-Xv, \nt£-]-Ønse Ak-aXzw F∂-Xv, Bÿm\ kmº-ØnI hnZ-Kv[¿ ka¿∞-ambn ad-®psh-®p. \K-c-ß-fn-te°p tNt°-dn-b-h¿ A`-bm¿∞n-I-fmbn. IpSn-tb‰ at\m-\ne ae-bm-fn°v Fß-s\tbm kn≤n-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-hmw, tIc-f-Ønse A`y-kvX-hn-Zy¿ BZy-Im-eØv A\y-\-K-c-ß-fn-epw, ]n∂oSv A\y cmPyß-fnepw IpSn-tb-dn. AhnsS tPmen-sNbvXp Abbv°p∂ ]W-amWv Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc tIc-f-Ønse \nt£-]-߃°p ]n¥-pW-bm-b-Xv. tI{µ \nt£-]-߃ hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb hS°v˛In-g-°≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-߃ ""A\y-kw-ÿm\'' sXmgn-em-fn-I-fmbn ChnsS \c-In-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS I¨ap-∂nep≈ bmYm¿∞yw am{Xw. Ak-¥p-enX \nt£]w hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Ak¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿbv°v Imc-W-am-hp-∂p. CØcw Ah-ÿIsf cmjv{So-b-ambn adn-I-S-°-W-sa-¶n¬ hn`-h-ß-fpsS \nt£-]- hn-X-c-W-Øn¬ ka-Xp-en-Xm-hÿ D≠m-t°≠-Xp-≠v. ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-߃ CXn\p Xmf-∏n-gIƒ D≠m-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ, Ah-cpsS Xm¬]-cy߃°v ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip∂ cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw a‰p coXn-I-fn-emWv AXns\ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xpw, XcWw sNøp-∂-Xpw. hn]p-e-amb A¿∞-Øn¬, P\-ß-fpsS ]em-b-\ßfpw IpSn-tb-‰-ßfpw AXn¬ CS-s]-Sp∂ cmjv{Sobhpw IqSn-°-e-cp-∂-XmWv IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥. shdpw cmjv{So-b-amWv 75-˛se ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°v ImcWw F∂ efnX ka-hmIyw Xncp-Øn-bm-te, ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿsb as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bq. Aßs\ ImtW-≠Xv ""hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ''sb Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

cmjv{S-\n¿Ωn-Xnbpw am[y-a-ßfpw (A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°p ap≥]v) Nations, like narratives, lose their origins in the myths of time and only fully realize their horizons in the mind’s eye. Such an image of the nation- or narrationmight seem impossibly romantic and excessively metaphorical, but it is from those traditions of political thought and literary language that the nation emerges as a powerful historical idea in the west. An idea whose cultural compulsion lies in the impossible unity of the nation as a symbolic force.

- Homi J Bhabha Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

DØ-c-hm-ZnØap≈ ]uc\pw Ah-\m¬ Xnc-s™Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ AS-ßnb `cWkwhn-[m-\hpw ]c-am-[nIm-c-ap≈ cmjv{Shpw Ah-cpsS hyh-lmc `mj-bnam{Xw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B hyh-lmc `mj ""A£-cm-`ym-k-an-√mØ''h¿°v A\y-am-Wv. A®Sn am[y-a-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w A£-cm-`ym-k-an-√mØ km[mcW P\-ß-fn¬ Gip-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂ kmlnXyw hgnbpw ]pkvX-I-߃ hgnbpw ]{X-ßfpw B\p-Im-en-I-ß-ƒ hgn-bpap≈ cmjv{S-\n¿Ωn-Xn-sb°mƒ km[m-c-W-°m-cs\ kzm[o-\n-°pI sFXn-ly߃, ]g-¶-Y-Iƒ, ]pcm-Ww, \mtSm-Sn-°-Y-Iƒ, \mtSmSn Iem-cq-]-߃ F∂n-h-bm-Wv. P\-a-\ nXßn\n¬°p∂ C∂-e-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°p-I, AXns‚ ASnØ-d-bn¬ ]pXnb anØp-Iƒ krjvSn-°pI F∂n-hbmWv A£-cm-`ym-k-an-√m-Ø-h-cpsS FÆw `qcn-]£w hcp∂ kwkvIr-Xn-bn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-hp-I. cmjv{Sw F∂ \n¿Ωn-Xnsb t]mjn-∏n-°m≥ Ch {][m-\-amWv. F¶n-epw, Ah-cpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw B{K-l-ßfpw B cmjv{S-Øns‚ ""cmjv{Sob Xm¬]cy''am°m≥ Ah¿°p Ign-hn-√. AhnsS ""km£-c-cmb'' Nne¿ \b-ßfpw Imcy-ßfpw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. A£-cm-`ym-k-an-√m-Øh¿°pw cmjv{Sob km£-cX D≠m-hmw. AXp an°t∏mgpw {Kma-X-e-Øn¬ HXp-ßpw. A£-c-ß-fmWv apJyambpw B[p-\nI cmjv{S-hy-h-lm-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w F∂-Xn-\m¬ A£-c-⁄m\w ]uc\p {][m-\-am-hp-∂p.

A£-c-⁄m\w D≠m-b-Xp-sIm≠v cmjv{Sob km£cX D≠m-bn-s°m-≈Ww F∂p-an-√. cmjv{S-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS Cu ]›m-Øew ]cn-KWn®pthWw hnhc hnXcW taJ-e-bn¬ ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ-°m-eØv hcp-Ønb XS- -߃ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv {][m-\-am-hp-∂Xv F∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm≥. ASn-b-¥cm-hÿ-°m-eØv hnh-c-߃ \¬I-p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v am[y-a-

(19) ßsf \ni-_vZ-am°n F∂-Xm-Wt√m {][m-\-ambpw Db¿Øn-°m-´p-∂-Xv. Cu am[y-a-߃ apJy-ambpw A®Sn am[y-a-߃ Bbn-cp-∂p. (td-Untbm k¿°m¿ DS-a-ÿ-Xbn¬ BWv. AXv Aßs\ \ne-\n¿tØ≠Xv ""A°m-esØ cmjv{S'' \n¿Ωn-Xn°v A\n-hm-cy-ambn-cp-∂p.) ASn-ÿm\ A£-c-⁄m\w Cu hyh-lm-cØn\p \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v s]mXp am[y-a߃hgn hnh-c-߃ {Kln-®n-cp-∂Xv \yq\-]£w am{Xam-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p A£-cm-`ym-k-ap-≈-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ A°m-esØ IW-°p-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a\- n-emhpw. an°-hmdpw t]¿ A£-c-⁄m\w C√m-Ø-h-tcm, \ma-am-{X-ambn am{Xw A£-c-⁄m\w D≠m-bn-cp-∂htcm Bbn-cp∂p F∂p ImWmw. cmjv{S-hy-h-lm-cØn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-\p≈ hyh-lmc `mj-bp-ambn C¥ybnse alm-`q-cn-]£w ""]uc-∑m¿°pw'' _‘-ap-≠m-bncp-∂n-√. cmjv{S-Øn¬ ]uc≥ shdpw hy‡n am{X-a-√, cmjv{S-hy-h-lm-c-ß-fn¬ CSs]-Sp-∂-h≥ IqSn-bm-Wv. cmjv{Sob hyh-lm-c-Øn-\-I-ØmWv Bibhn\n-a-b߃ \S-°p-∂-Xv. hyh-lm-c-ß-fpsS LS\ AXn-\m{][m-\-am-Wv. c≠mw -temIalm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw cq]s∏´ cmjv{S-cq]w Adp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ am‰-߃°v hnt[-bam-hp-∂p-≠v. AXn¿Øn-bpsS t]cn¬ Adp]Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn¬ ssN\-bp-ambn \S∂ bp≤w, Adp-]-Xp-IfpsS Xs∂ a[y-Øn¬ AtX t]cn¬ ]m°n-ÿm-\p-

ambn \S-Ønb bp≤w, Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn]m°n-ÿm-\n¬\n∂p Ing-°≥ _wKm-fns\ th¿s∏SpØn _w•m-tZiv cq]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ Iem-in® bp≤w F∂nh. ]s£, \m¬]-Xp-I-fp-sSbpw Aº-Xp-IfpsSbpw cmjv{S k¶¬∏-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p.

AXn¿Øn t]mse-Øs∂ {][m-\-amWv A°mesØ cmjv{S-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ kzbw ]cym-]vX-X. `£W-amWv AXn¬ {][m-\w. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Ipd™ hnebv°v `£Ww e`y-am-°msX hyh-kmb hf¿®tbm hnI-k-\tam km[y-a-√. AXp-sIm-≠mhWw A°m-eØv ""Pbv Phm≥, Pbv Inkm≥'' ap{ZmhmIyw cmjv{S GtIm-]\w F∂ cq]-Øn¬ D≠m-b-Xv. Hmtcm ImeØv D≠m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Nn”-߃, ap{Z-mhmIy-߃ F∂nh A°m-esØ hyh-lm-c-ß-fpsS cmjv{So-bsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah Nne {]tXyI cmjv{Sob Bi-b-ßsf {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A£-c-⁄m\w t]mepw C√mØ kaq-l-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS kzm[o\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-jv{S-Øn¬ hn`h kam-l-c-Whpw hnX-c-Whpw k¶o¿W {]{In-b-bm-Wv. cmjv{S\n¿∆N\tØm-sSm∏w AXpw {][m-\-am-Wv. ""B cmjv{S-Øn¬'' tZiob apX-em-fn-ØsØ \n¿Ωn-t°≠Xv hn`h kam-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(20) l-c-W-Øn¬ {][m-\-amWv F¶nepw, AXv hnX-cWsØ Kpcp-X-c-am-b-hn[w tNmZyw sNøm≥ XpS-ßnbm¬ ]cn-lcnt°≠Xv cmjv{Sob Xocp-am-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ th≠n hcpw. AhnsS _e-]co-£-W߃ kzm`m-hn-Iw. hyh-km-b-߃, hmWnPy ÿm]-\߃, _m¶p-Iƒ XpSßn [\-Imcy ÿm]-\-߃ F∂nh Iøm-fn-bn-cp∂ ""tZiob apX-emfn''bpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw ""B cmjv{S-Øns‚'' Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw hncp≤ Zni-I-fn-te°v \oßn. c≠v bp≤-ß-fp-sSbpw Xf¿®-bpw, bp≤m-h-ÿ-bpsS \ngepw hn`h kam-l-cW-˛-hn-X-cW {]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ cmPyamWv Cµn-cm-Km-‘n°v `c-W-Øn-\mbn e`n-®-Xv. ""s\{lp-hn-b≥'' cmjv{S-Øns\ AXns‚ {]Xn-Iqe cmjv{So-bm-h-ÿ-bn¬ I≠p-\-S-°pI I\Ø sh√p-hnfn Xs∂-bm-W-t√m. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS N´-°q-Sn-\-∏p-dtØ°v hym]n® Xm¬]-cy-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ {iaw \S-Øp∂ Ch-cpsS ssIhiw k¿°mcns\ ap´p-Ip-Øn°m≥ Ignbpwhn[-Øn¬ \nb-{¥n-°m-hp∂ hn`-h-߃ (_m-¶p-Iƒ, [\-Im-cy-ÿm-]-\-߃, hyh-km-b-im-eIƒ XpS-ßn-bh) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS kΩ¿±ßƒ°v ISn-™mWnSm≥ s\{lp-hn-b≥ cmjv{S coXnbn¬ _m¶v tZi-km¬°-c-W-a-S°w \S-]-Sn-Iƒ th≠nh∂p. hntZi aqe-[\w (A∂v sF.-Fw.-F^pw temI _m¶pw Bbn-cp∂p \nt£]w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-h¿) tiJcn®v Xß-fpsS hf¿®bv°v hgn-sbm-cp-°Ww F∂ kΩ¿±-Øn\v Ah¿ hnt[-b-am-bn-√. A[nImcw \ne\n¿Øm≥ Ah¿ Is≠-Ønb coXn-Iƒ A≥]-Xp-I-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

fnse cmjv{S-k-¶¬∏-Øn\v A\pkr-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXns\ tXm¬∏n-t°-≠Xv tZiob apX-em-fn-ØØns‚ hf¿®-bpsS BhiyIX-bm-bn. tIm¨{Kkv ]m¿´n-bn¬ CXn-\Iw Xs∂ ""cmjv{S k¶¬∏-{[p-ho-IcWw'' kw`hn®n-cp-∂p. Cµn-cm-Km‘n tIm¨{K-kns‚ ]cm-P-bsØ XpS¿∂v s\{lp-hn-b≥ cmjv{Sw Aßs\ Ipd®p Ime-tØ°v Ah-[n-bn¬ {]th-in®p. temI apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-I-fpsS XeØn-te°v tZiob apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ \o°pt]m°pIƒ km[y-am-bn-√. B ]mfn-®-Iƒ tZiob apXem-fn-Ø-Øn\v Xncn-®-Sn-bm-bn. s\{lp-hn-b≥ cmjv{S-Ønte°v Xncn®pt]m°n-\p≈ A\p-a-Xn-bmbn Cµn-cmKm‘n ho≠pw A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn. C¥y-bpsS FXn¿ cmjv{S \n¿Ωn-Xn-bmbn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°-s∏´ ]m°n-ÿms‚ A`y-¥c Iem-]Øn¬ CS-s]´v (i{Xp cmPyw C√msX kz¥w cmPyw D≠m-hp-∂n√). AXns\ c≠m°n ]IpØv (i{Xphns\ Zp¿∫-e-am°n) Ah¿ A≥]-Xp-I-fnse cmjv{S-k-¶¬∏w ]p\x-ÿm]n®p. \nehn¬ A¥m-cmjv{S Xe-Øn¬ hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ apX-em-fn-Ø-hp-ambn \nc-¥c kwL¿j-Øn-embn B cmjv{Sw. kq£va-X-e-Øn¬ Nne s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬ {ia߃ \S-∂p-sh-¶nepw AXv kvXqe Xe-Øn¬ {]tbmK{]-Z-am-bn-√. P∏m≥ klm-b-tØmsS amcp-Xn-˛-kp-kq°n Im¿ (P\-ß-fpsS Im¿, G‰hpw hne Ipd™ Im¿ F∂ coXn-I-fn¬) D≠m-°m≥ kRvPbv Km‘n \SØnb {ia-߃ DZm-l-cWw am{Xw. ]t£, CsXm∂pw Cµn-cm-Km‘n k¿°m-cns\ hnizm-k-Øn-se-Sp-°m≥

(21)

th≠ ]n≥_-e-ambn temI-apXemfnØ-Øn\v tXm∂nbn-√. Cµn-cm-Km‘n A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ XpS-cp-∂n-StØmfw Imew apX-emfnØ-Øns‚ kpc-£nX hf¿® _p≤n-ap-´mWv F∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°n. AXv Aßs\Xs∂ Bhm\mWv CS F∂ kqN-\-Iƒ s\{lp-hnb≥ cmjv{S-Øn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-t]m-°ns‚ AS-bm-f߃ hgn Cµncm-Km‘n \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

cmjv{S \n¿ΩnXn ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-bnThe great masses of people... will more easily fall victims to a big lie than to a small one.

- Adolf Hitler

(A≥]-Xp-I-fnse) s\{lp-hn-b≥ cmjv{S k¶¬∏Øn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-°pI Cµn-cm-Km-‘nsb kw_‘n®v Ffp-∏-ap≈ H∂m-bn-cp-∂n-√. apX-em-fnØ cmjv{S-Øns‚ {Zhkz`mhw A≥]-Xp-I-fnse cmjv{SØns‚ Jckz`m-h-Øn\v hncp-≤-am-Wv. AØcw Hcp cmjv{SsØ k¶¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn-t\m, ssIImcyw sNøp∂-Xnt\m, Ah¿°m-Ip-am-bn-cpt∂m F∂Xpw kwi-b-amWv. Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ P\m[n]Xyw F∂v hnfn-°p-sa-¶nepw, tI{µo-IrX A[n-Im-chpw {]h¿Ø-\hpw s\{lphn-b≥ cmjv{S k¶¬∏-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. As√¶n¬ A[n-Imcw \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-hn-√. P\m-[n-]Xyw Xncs™Sp∏n¬ am{Xw HXp-°p∂ coXn. Aß-s\-bmhWw Cµn-cm-Km‘n GIm-[n-]Xy {]h-WX ImWn®p XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. A[n-Imcw \jvS-s∏-Sptam F∂ `oXn

IqSp-X¬ GIm-[n-]Xy {]h-W-X-I-fn-te°v hy‡nsb \bn-°p-∂p. C¥y F∂ BJym-\sØ Cµn-cm-Km-‘nbn-te°v HXp-°nb coXn (Cµn-c-bmWv C¥y) {i≤n°pI. \m¬∏Xp h¿j-Øn-\p-ti-jhpw ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿsb hfsc sshIm-cn-I-ambn BWv \Ωƒ hne-bn-cpØp-∂-Xv. hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Hcp kao-]-\hpw hne-bn-cpØepw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ A\p-`-hn-®h¿°v sshIm-cn-I-ambn am{Xta AXns\ kao-]n-°m≥ Ignbq F∂-Xn¬ sX‰v ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. 1975 Pqsse 25˛\v ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ Cµncm-Km‘nsb A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂v am‰n \n¿Øm-\p≈ tImSXn hn[n am{X-a√ Ahsc AXn\v t{]cn∏n®n´p≠m-hp-I. Alw cmjv{Sam-bn-Øo¿∂ (AXm-W-t√m, ^mknkw F∂ cmjv{Sob Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v \bn-°p∂Xv) Ah¿°v AX-√mØ Hcp Xocp-am-\hpw FSp°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xmhmw bmYm¿∞yw.

ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-]Øn c≠v amkw am{Xw \o≠ B sNdnb Ime-b-f-hn¬ s\{lp-hnb≥ cmjv{S-Øns‚ ]p\-c-h-X-cWw hgn Hcp ]pXnb BJym\w D≠m°nsbSp-°m≥ Cµn-cm-Km-‘n°v Ign™n-√. cmjv{S-Øns‚ ]p\-c-h-X-cWw ""Cµn-c-bmWv C¥y, C¥y-bmWv Cµnc'' F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-Øn-te°v ]cn-an-X-s∏-´Xv \¬Inb ktµiw IqSp-X¬ ^mknÃv Bb Hcp tÉn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv. tÉv am[y-a-amb BIm-i-hmWn HgnsI a‰v am[ya߃ H∂pw Cµn-cm-KmPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(22) ‘n-bpsS sNm¬∏-Sn°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. `bw-aqew Gsd am[ya DS-a-Ifpw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw {]Xn-I-cn-®n√ F∂-Xpw, AØcw {]Xn-I-c-W-ßsf XS™p F∂Xpw KpW-amtWm tZmj-amtWm P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v D≠m-°nbXv F∂Xv N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-bn-Øs∂ XpS-cp-∂p. ImcWw, A®Sn am[y-a-߃ hgn-bp≈ hnhc hnX-cWw AXns‚ hmb-\-°m-cn¬ am{Xta sNs∂-Øq. C¥yt]mse k¶o¿Æ kmaqly cmjv{So-bm-hÿ \ne-hnep≈ cmPyØv AXv ]cn-an-X-ambn am{Xta {]tbm-P-\s∏-Sq. t\cn-´p≈ A\p-`-h-ßfn¬ IqSn-bp≈ hnh-c߃, AXv ]›m-Ø-e-am°nbp≈ tI´p-tIƒhn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bmWv {][m-\-ambpw `qcn-]£w P\-ßfpw hnizkn-®-Xv. apJy ]{X-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ°m-eØv k¿°m¿ A\p-Iqe \ne-]m-Sn¬ Bbn-cp∂p F∂v jm IΩo-j≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. a[y-h¿§Øns‚ ssIhiw hnh-c-߃ In´n-b-Xp-sIm≠v P\m-[n]Xy kaq-l-Øn¬ am‰-߃ D≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

P\m[n]Xyhyh-lm-c-Øn¬ hnhcw In´n-b-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw {]tbm-P-\-an-√. hyh-lm-c-Øn¬ G¿s∏SpI ({]Xn-I-cn-°pI) IqSn thWw. cmjv{S hyh-lm-c-ØnG¿s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp∂ `mj ssIhiw D≈-h¿ F∂-XpsIm≠v a[y-h¿§w Iøm-fp∂ A[n-Imcw am{X-amWv \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-´-Xv. B \nb{¥Ww Ahsc `b-s∏-SpØp-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂v ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-°m-esØ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. am[ya km{µo-IrX tIcf kaqlw ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿsb A\p-Iq-en®v thm´p sNbvXXv Xs∂ DZml-c-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

Ww. A\p-`-h-tI-{µo-IrX hnh-c-ß-sf-°mƒ Hcp ]s£ tIc-f-k-aqlw hniz-kn-®n-cn-°pI am[y-a-߃ \¬Inb hnh-c-ß-sf-bm-hmw. kaq-l-Øn¬ amkv IΩyq-Wn-t°j≥ sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o\w ]Tn-°m≥ ]‰nb Hcp DZml-cWw BWv CXv. a‰v kwÿm-\-ßsf At]-£n®v tIc-f-Ønse A£cm`ym-k-\n-c°v IqSp-X¬ Bbn-cp-∂t√m. ]{X hmb-\bpw IqSp-X¬.

Cµn-cm-Km‘n ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n-®n√ F¶n¬ F¥v kw`-hn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v Ip¬Zo]v \øm¿ 2004 BKÃv Ccp-]-Øn-aq-∂n\v Hu´vep°v hmcn-Ibn¬ Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ hni-Z-am-°p-∂p-≠v. P\m[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ Imh-ep-Iƒ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ am[y-a-߃, k¿°m¿ Poh-\-°m¿, \oXn \ymb hyhÿ F∂nh F{X Zp¿∫-e-amWv F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bn√m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw XpS¿∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p: Cµncm-Km‘n cmPn°v Hcp-ßn-bXmWv. Ah-cpsS hniz-kvX\mb Im_n-\‰v a{¥n Ia-em-]Xn {Xn]m-Tnsb {][m-\a{¥n ÿm\-tØ°v \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. "Ah¿ \nßsf ÿm\-Øp-\n∂pw \o°n-bn-cn-°p∂p' F∂mWv cmPohvKm‘n ]d-™-Xv. kRvPbvKm‘n Kp¿Km-hn-ep≈ amcpXn ^mIvS-dn-bn¬ Xncn-s®Øpw hsc Xocp-am\w {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv sshIn-®p. kRvPbv Xocp-am\w am‰p-∂-Xn\v AΩsb \n¿_-‘n-®p. \nc-h[n dmen-Iƒ "kwL-Sn-∏n®v Cµn-cm-Km‘n A[n-Im-c-ØnXpS-tc-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn.' ASn-b¥-cm-h-ÿ-°m-eØv A[n-Imcw Iøm-fn-bn-cp-∂-Xn{]ap-J≥ kRvPbv Km‘n Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v jm IΩo-

(23)

j≥ dnt∏m¿´v Nq≠n°m-´p-∂p. C¥y≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ `ocpXzw sXfn™ kw`-h-amWv ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿsb∂p Ip¬Zo]v \øm¿ FgpXn.

cmjv{S \n¿ΩnXn ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°v tijw As a medium, television’s work is parallel to and interlinked with that of the economy. Both disseminate information to help circulate goods as well as to socialize members of society. Television is thus active in the material and symbolic reproduction of capitalist relations.

- Aravind Rajagopal

am[ya km{µo-IrX kaq-l-Øn¬ Bbn-cp-∂n√ 1975˛se ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ. AXn-\m¬Øs∂ A≥]XpI-fnse cmjv{S k¶¬∏sØ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ A[nImcw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw, A`n-{]m-b-ßsf ASns®mXp°p-I-bpw, `oXn hf¿Øp-IbpamWv sNbvX-Xv. ]gb

BJym-\sØ _e-s∏-Sp-Ømt\m, \nehn¬ Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂ BJym-\-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Smt\m Cµn-cm-Km‘n°pw B `cW kwhn[m\-Øn\pw Ign-bmsXh∂Xv Fgp-]Øn Ggnse Xnc-s™-Sp∏v ]cm-P-bØn¬ Iem-in-®p. ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbv°v tijw P\-߃ Xnc-s™-SpØ k¿°mcn\pw Gsd°mew A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ XpS-cm-\mbn-√. 1981˛¬ ho≠pw A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Ønb Ah¿°v tZio-bX BJym\ k¶o¿ÆXIsf AXn-Po-hn-°m-\m-bn-√. temIw GXm≠v A≥]-Xp-I-fpsS ""cmjv{SsØ'' ssIhn-´n-cp-∂p. B ""cmjv{SØn\p'' _ew \¬In-bn-cp∂ tkmhn-b‰v tNcn £bn®p C√m-Xm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. am[ya cwKØpw IΩyq-Wnt°-j≥ taJ-e-bnepw h∂ h≥am-‰-߃ F¨]-Xp-I-fn¬ ""A≥]-Xp-I-fnse cmjv{SsØ'' GXm≠v apgp-h-\m-bn-Øs∂ Dcp-°n-Øo¿Øn-cp-∂p. Cµn-cm-Km-‘n-bpsS sIme-]m-X-I-Øn\v tijw C¥y-bnD≠mb am‰-߃ AXn\v km£y-amWv. B ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ Akzm-`m-hn-Ihpw Akm-[m-c-Whpw AXn-\m¬Øs∂ sR´n-∏n°p-∂Xpw Bbncp-∂p. F∂m¬ AtX Ahÿ XnI®pw kzm`m-hn-I-amb H∂mbn ""P\m-[n-]Xy'' hyh-ÿbn¬ Ign-bp∂ P\-߃°v A\p-`-h-s∏-´mtem? \Ωƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv AXmWv F∂v Xncn-®-dnhv C√msX h∂mtem? am[ya km{µo-Ir-X-amb \ne-hnse P\m-[n-]Xy-Øn¬ \Ωƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv AØcw Hc-h-ÿ-bmWv. (I£n-t`-Z-at\y) Agn-aXn Hcp kmaq-ly-co-Xn-bmbn P\-߃ kzmwio-I-cn-®Xv \Ωƒ Adn-bp-∂-Xm-Wt√m.

CXv Fßs\ kw`- h n- ° p∂p F∂Xv "sSen- h n- j ≥ _m[nX' kaq-l-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv hgntb Ignbq.

¤

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

teJ-Is‚ C˛-sabn¬: rajagopal99@rediffmail.com Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(24)

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(25)

\oc XcwKw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ B¿. tlen

\o-

c \ΩpsS kwÿm-\sØ sXßp-Irjn taJ-e-I-fn¬ H-cp B-th-i-am-bn ]-S-cp-I-bm-Wnt∏mƒ.

A-dp-]-Xp sX-ßn-se \o-c hn-‰-t∏mƒ H-cp e-£-Øn C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-] \o-c I-º-\n-bn¬ \n-∂p In-´nb-Xn¬ kw-Xr-]v-X-\m-b ^m-Z¿ tPm¿-÷pw, H-cp amkw 10 sX-ßp-Iƒ sN-Øn \o-c ti-J-cn-®-Xn-\v 41000 cq-] {]-Xn-^-ew hm-ßn-b sS-Iv-\o-jy≥ {]-ho-Wp-sam∂pw ^n-en-ss∏≥-kv-Im-c-√, \-Ωp-sS sIm-√w Pn-√-bnep-≈-h¿ X-s∂. \m-´n-se-ºm-Spw \o-c ]m¿-e-dp-I-fpw, aq-ey h¿≤n-X D-ev-]-∂ \n¿-Ωm-W tI-{µ-ß-fpw H-s° \mw tam-ln-°p-∂ co-Xn-bn¬, i-cn-bm-b hn-[-Øn¬ {]h¿-Øn-∏n-°m≥ I-gn-™m¬ B-bn-c° - W - ° - n-\v tImSn cq-]-bp-sS h-cp-am-\-hpw e-£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ-°v sXm-gn-epw tI-c-f-Øn-te-°v H-gp-In-sb-Øm≥ A-[nIw Im-e-Xm-a-kw h-cn-√. tI-c-f-Øn-epw `m-c-X-Øn-epw "\o-c-bp-Kw' ]n-d-∂v I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. C\n CXns‚ KpW-^-e-߃ Nnc-ÿm-bn-bmb coXn-bn-te°v amdpI-bmWv th≠-Xv. sXßp-Ir-jn-bnse ]pXnb Xmtcm-Zb - a - mbn \oc amdp-tºmƒ CXp kw-_-‘n-® Im-cy-ß-fn¬ k-a-{Kam-b H-cp \-b-cq-]o-I-c-Ww A-Xy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. tI-c-f-Øn¬ X-s∂ H-cm-bn-cw \o-c ]m¿-e-dp-Iƒ thKw cq-]-sa-Sp-tØ-°pw. \o-c A-[n-Iw h-∂m¬ A-Xn\n-∂pw i¿-°-c-bpw tX-\pw Pm-apw H-s° D-≠m-°p-∂ hn-Zy \m-´n¬ {]-N-cn-∏n-°m≥ hn-j-a-an-√. A-t∏mƒ \oc P-\-e-£-ß-fp-sS Po-hn-X `-{Z-X-bn-¬ kzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øp-∂ A-kw-kv-Ir-X hn-`-h-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv. \mw A-dn-bm-sX am-‰-߃ h-cp-∂p. C-Xn-s‚ k¿-t∆-Iƒ, ]T-\-߃, km-≤y-X-Iƒ, hn-]-Wn, Xp-S-ßn Cu hyh-km-bw h-cp-tºmƒ In-´m-hp-∂ \n-Ip-Xn h¿-≤-\-hv C-h-sb-√mw \mw {i-≤n-°p-∂ k-a-bw h-s∂-Øn-bn-cn°p-∂p. sX-ßp-Ir-jn I-gn-™ 20 h¿-j-am-bn X-f¿-∂p In-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \o-c h-∂-t∏m-gm-Wv tI-c-t{]-aw h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sX-ßn≥ ssX hn-‰-gn-bv-°m≥ c-≠p h¿jw ap≥-t] {]-bm-k-s∏-´n-cp-∂ ÿ-e-Øm-Wv C-t∏mƒ C{X-bpw ]p-Xp-am-\y-X-bp-≈ hn-`-h-am-bn A-Xv am-dn-bn-cn-°p∂-Xv. \m-fn-tI-c hn-e-bpw sh-fn-s®-Æ hn-e-bpw \o-c \n-b{¥n-bv-°p-∂ Zn-\w B-k-∂-am-sb-∂v H-cp hym-]m-cn ]-d™-Xv Rm≥ Hm¿-°p-∂p. A-t∏mƒ C-sX-√mw ]-g-b-t]mse \-S-°pw F-∂v hn-Nm-cn-°m≥ ]m-Sn-√. \m-fn-tI-c hn-I-k-\w kw-ÿm-\-Øv Ir-jn-h-Ip-∏ns‚ {]-ap-J {]-h¿-Ø-\-am-bn amd-Ww. Ir-jn `-h≥ A-Snÿm-\-Øn¬ ]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpw Ip-Spw-_-{io-bpw H-s° H-Øp-tN¿-∂v tI-c ]-cn-N-c-W {i-a-߃ im-kv-{Xo-b-am-°-

Ww. hn-I-k-\ {]-ÿm-\-am-°-Ww. sX-ßn-s‚ C-S-hn-f-Ir-jn, kΩn-{i-Ir-jn Xp-S-ßn-b kw-cw-`-߃-°v ]-‰n-b k-a-bw k-am-K-X-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv. Ign-™ h¿-j-ß-fn¬ ]-®-°-dn cw-K-Øv h≥ ]p-tcm-K-Xn am{X-a-√ km¿-∆-{Xn-I-am-b Aw-Ko-Im-cw t\-Sm≥ I-gn-™-Xpw am¿-§-tc-J-bm-bn I-W-°m-°-Ww. ]-®-°-dn Ir-jn cw-K-Øv D-Xv-]m-Z-\-tØm-sSm-∏w hn-]-W-\-hpw sa-®-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mgm-Wv Iq-´m-bv-a-bn¬ Ir-jn sN-øp-∂ I¿-j-I¿-°v h≥ hnP-bw D-≠m-b-Xv. A-Xpw a-d-°m≥ ]m-Sn-√m-Ø h-gn-Im-´nbmWv. dn´.-A-{Kn-°ƒ®¿ Ub-d-IvS¿, t]ƒln¬, B‰n-ßADVT Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(26)

aoUnb ss_‰vkv am[y-a-tem-IØv AXn-th-K-X-bnemWv am‰-߃ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. C∂sØ sNdp Ne-\߃ \mfsØ hnπ-h-ßfmbn-°qsS-∂n-√. temI-am-[y-a-ß-fnse kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ß-fnte°v IÆ-b-°p∂ Hcp ]w‡n Cu e°w apX¬....

CuPn-]vXv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-IcpsS XS-h-d-bm-Ip-∂p G

‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ Pbn-en¬ AS-°-s∏´ cmPyw Ct∏mƒ CuPn]vXv BsW∂v A¥m-cmjv{S kwL-S-\-bmb "IΩn‰n Sp s{]m´Iv‰v tPW-enÃvkv' hy‡-am-°n. temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap≈ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(27) Isc \nb- a - ] - c - a mbn kwc- £ n- ° m≥ {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ kwL-S-\-bmWv CXv. hnhn[ cmPyßfn¬ F{X ]{X-{]h¿Ø-I¿ Pbn-en-ep≠v F∂Xv kw_-‘n®v IW-°p-Iƒ kwL-S\ 1990 apX¬ tiJcn®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. ]{X-kzm-X{¥yw kwc-£n-°pI am{X-a-√, i‡ns∏-Sp-ØpI Xs∂ sNøp-sa∂v CuPn]vXv Kh¨sa‚ v Bh¿Øn®v \¬Inb Dd-∏p-Iƒ s]m≈-bm-sW∂v sXfn™n-cn-°p-∂p-˛-kwLS\ ]{X-°p-dn-∏n¬ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn. `oI-c-hn-cp≤ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ad-hn¬ F√m-Øcw FXn-c-`n-{]m-b-ß-sfbpw \ntcm-[n-°p-I-bmWv CuPn]vXv `c-W-IqSw sNøp-∂-sX∂v kn.-]n.-sP.-bpsS t{]m{Kmw tIm Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ sjdn¬ a¨kq¨ ]d-™p. \ntcm-[nX ap…nw {_Z¿lpUv kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambn _‘w Btcm-]n®mWv an°-h-scbpw XS-¶-en-em-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Ct∏mƒ Pbn- e n- e p≈ ]Xn- s \´v t]cn¬ ]IpXnt∏¿°v Poh]cy¥w XS-hp-in£ hn[n-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. XS-hn-em-°-s∏´- h - c n¬ `qcn- ] - £ hpw Hm¨sse≥ am[y- a - ß - f n{]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-h-cmWv F∂Xpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. c≠p- h ¿j- a m- b n´pw tIkv t]mepw Nm¿Pv sNømsX \nc-h[n t]sc Pbn-en-e-S-®-Xmbn {i≤-bns]´n- ´ p- ≠ v . ]e {]tZ- i - ß - f nepw dnt∏m¿´¿am¿°v

{]h¿Øn-°mt\ Ign-bp-∂n-√. ]Xn-s\´v Adn-bs∏Sp∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Isc kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃ kn.-]n.-sP. dneo-kn¬ D≠v.

CuPn-]vjy≥ tPW-enÃvkv kn≥Un-t°‰v F∂ A¿≤ HutZym-KnI kwL-S-\-bmWv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS Xmev]-cy-߃ kwc-£n-°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. ]t£, \nc-¥cw s]cp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ B{I-a-W߃°pw Ad-Ãp-Iƒ°pw X´n-s°m≠p t]mI-ep-Iƒ°pw `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw FXnsc ^e-{]-Z-ambn H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv ÿm]-\w.

`oI-c¿ C…m-anIv A√, tÉp-a√ C…m-anIv tÉv Hm^v CdmJv B‚ v kndnb F∂ `oI-c-hmZn kwL-S-\sb C…m-anIv tÉv F∂v hm¿ØI-fn¬ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ _n.-_n.kn °v ta¬ {_n´o-jv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øp-∂p. ]m¿e-sa‚nepw C°mcyw kw_-‘n®v A`n-{]mbw cq]s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p-≠v.

125 Fw.-]n.-am¿ _n_n-kn°v Ab® IØns\ "Umbnjv' F∂v hnfn-°p-I-bmWv IqSp-X¬ DNnXw F∂v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. {_n´ojv {][m-\-a{¥n tUhnUv Ima-dqWpw `oI-csc C…m-anIv tÉv F∂v hnfn-°p∂Xv A\p-Nn-X-amWv F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

CØcw {]h-W-X-I-fpsS Zqc-hym-]I {]XnIc-W߃ IqSn a\- n¬ sh®v thWw {]tbm-K-߃ DNnX-am°n am‰p-hm-s\∂v hnZ-Kv≤cpw Icp-Xp-∂p. at[y- j y- b n¬ Chsc sFF- k v - s F- F kv F∂pt]mepw hnfn-°p-∂n-√. AhnsS s]mXpsh D]-tbmKn-°p∂ Umbnjv BWv DNnX {]tbm-Kw. a\p-jyXz-c-ln-X-amb sImSpw-`o-I-c-X-bn¬ B\µn-°p∂ Hcp kwL- Ø n\v aX- Ø n- s ‚bpw tÉn- s ‚bpw t]cv sImSp-°p-∂Xv B aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v A]-am-\-Ic-amWv. B kwL-S\ C…m-an°pw A√ tÉpw A√˛-Fw.-]n.-am¿ Ab® IØn¬ A`n{]mbs∏-´p.

\yqkv Hm^v Zn thƒUv U]yq´n FUn-‰¿ Ip‰-hn-ap-‡-\mbn Zi-I-߃°n-S-bnse G‰hpw henb am[y-a-hnhm-Z-Øn¬ Ip‰m-tcm-]n-X-\mb am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ Ip‰-hn-ap-‡-\m-bn. dp]¿´v a¿tUm-°ns‚ DS-a-ÿ-Xbn- e p≈ \yqkv Hm^v Zn thƒUns‚ U]yq´n FUn‰¿ Bbn-cp∂ B≥Un tImƒk¨ BWv c£-s]-´-Xv. kvIq∏p-Iƒ Na-bv°m≥ th≠n t^m¨ sk¿hdp-If - n¬ lm°nßv \S-Øn-sb∂ tI n-emWv B≥Un tImƒk¨ {]Xn tN¿°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. {_n´s\bpw temIsØØs∂bpw ]nSn®p Ipep-°nb hnhm-ZsØ XpS¿∂v a¿tUm°v ]{Xw AS-®p-]q´pIbmWv sNbvX-Xv. lm°nßv \S-Øm-\p≈ KqVm-tem-N-\-bn]¶m- f n- b mbn F∂- X m- b n- c p∂p Btcm- ] n- ° - s ∏´ Ip‰w. tImSXn hn[n ]d- ™ - t ∏mƒ B≥Un tImƒk¨ {]Xn- ° q- ´ n¬ s]m´n- ° - c - ™ p. Cu tI n¬ hnNmcW sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-km-\sØ tPW-enÃv BWv B≥Un tImƒk¨. 2011˛emWv Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(28) \yqkv Hm^v Z thƒUp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnhmZw s]m´n∏p-d-s∏-´-Xv. \mev h¿j-ambn tI v \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. cmPysØ {]ap-J-cmb \nc-h[n t]sc-Ip-dn®v hm¿Ø FgpXp-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bmWv t^m¨ tNm¿Ø¬ \S-∂-Xv. F´v ]{X- { ]- h ¿Ø- I ¿ CXn- \ Iw in£n- ° - s ∏- ´ p- I - g n- ™ p. a¿tUm- ° ns\ {_n´ojv ]m¿esa‚ v hnfn- ® p- h - c pØn tNmZyw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

hmƒ kv{So‰v tPW¬ C¥ym FUn-j≥ ]q´p∂p temI-{]-i-kvX-amb hmƒ kv{So‰v tPW¬ Ah-cpsS C¥y-bnse {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-am\n-®-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´v. CXns‚ `mK-ambn C¥y≥ FUnj≥ \n¿Ø-em-°p-sa∂v aoUnb sh_vssk‰v Bb aoUnb-\ma shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ah-cpsS www.wsj.com/india ssk‰v amXr-ssk‰ns‚ `mK-am-°pw. C¥y dnb¬ ssSw F∂ tªmKv ]g-b-Xp-t]mse XpS-cpw. _wKvfq-cnse dnt∏m¿´nßv _yqtdmhns‚ {]h¿Ø-\hpw \n¿Øpw.

{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ UnPn-‰¬ B‚ v \yqkv FUn-‰¿ A\n¿_≥ tdmbn hm¿Ø ÿnco-I-cn-®-Xmbn aoUn-b-\ma Adn-bn-®p. Pq¨ ap-∏-tXmsS Xm≥ tPmen \n¿Øn-b-Xmbpw At±lw ]d-™p. ]pXnb \o°-߃°v Imc-W-sam∂pw shfn-hm-bn-´n-√.

]o‰¿ Hmt_m¨ ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-te°v ho≠pw sUbven sSe-{Km^v No^v s]mfn-‰n-°¬ Ia-t‚-‰¿ ÿm\Øv \n∂p≈ ]o‰¿ Hmt_m-Wns‚ cmPn cmPy-Øn\-IØpw ]pdØpw N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mev amkØn\v tijw At±lw sUbven sabn-en-te°v aS-ßn. ]c-ky-°m-cpsS kzm[o-\w-aqew sUbven sSe{Km^v ]e hm¿Ø-Ifpw Xa-kvI-cn-°p-Itbm A{][m\Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

am-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n-®mWv At±lw cmPn-sh-®-Xv. {][m-\-ambn F®v.-F-kv.-_n.-kn. _m¶ns‚ hnhm-Z-amb Nne CS-]m-Sp-IsfIpdn®p≈ hm¿Ø-bmWv sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ kΩ¿±-߃ D≠m-b-Xv. CXv temIsa-ßp-ap≈ am[y-a-]w-‡n-I-fn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]o‰¿ Hmt_m-Wns‚ cmPn hnhm-Z-am-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v ]{X-Ønse am¿°-‰nßv hn`m-Khpw FUnt‰mdnbepw XΩn- e p≈ _‘w kw_- ‘ n®v amt\- P v s a‚ v ]pXnb N´w \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. sUbven sSe-{Km-^ntNcp-∂-Xn\v th≠n cmPn-sh®v sUbven sabvente-°mWv ]o‰¿ Hmt_m¨ Ct∏mƒ Xncn®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv.

Z£nW e≠≥ ]{X-ß-fn¬ ]Wn-ap-S°v ]m›m-Xy-tem-IØpw ]Wn-ap-S-°p-Iƒ A{X km[mc-W-a√ C°m-e-Øv. ]{X-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnse Imcyw ]d-bm\p-an-√. ]{X-߃Xs∂ A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°ptºmƒ Ah-Im-i-߃ t\Sm≥ kacw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-Ipdn®v Nn¥n-°pI Xs∂ {]bm-kw. F∂n´pw Hcp ]{X-ÿm]-\-Øn¬ ]Øv Znhkw ]Wnap-S°v \S-∂p. \yqkv IzÃv F∂ ÿm]-\-Ønse ]{X-{]h¿Ø-I¿ ]{¥≠v Znhkw ]Wn-ap-S-°n-b-tijw tPmen °v Ib-dn. Xß-fpsS ""k∑\ v'' sIm≠mWv Xncn-®p-h-cp∂-sX∂v bqWn-b≥ t\ XrXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {_n´- \ nse i‡- a mb \mj-W¬ bqWn-b≥ Hm^v tPW-enÃvkv BWv kacw kwL-Sn-∏n-®-Xv. iºfw, Ãm^v FÆw, tkh\ kuIcy-߃ XpS-ßn-bh sh´n-°pd-®-XmWv X¿°-hn-j-bw. Ch kw_-‘n®v C\nbpw N¿® \S-Øp-sa∂v t\Xm-°ƒ Adnbn-®p.

Z£nW e≠-\nse {]km-[I ÿm]-\-amWv \yqkvIzÃv. ]Xn-s\m∂v {]mtZ-inI ]{X-߃ Ah¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kac-Øn-\n-Sb - n¬ {]kn≤o-Ic - Ww apS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m]e ]Xnhp ]w‡n-Ifpw apS-ßn-bXv hmb-\-°msc AkwXr-]vX-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ AwKo-I-cn-°W-sa∂v kuØv e≠≥ _tdm {]mtZ-inI `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Pq¨ 30˛\mWv {]kn-≤o-I-cWw km[m-cW \ne-bn-te°v aS-ßn-b-Xv. ¤

F≥. ]n. B¿ .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ap-Xn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw tImf-anÃpw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv teJ-I≥. teJ-Is‚ C˛-sabn¬: npindran@gmail.com

(29)

{^w h¿Ωm-Pn, hnØv eu

aoUn-bm-bpsS ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ B

bn-c-Øn-sØm-≈m-bn-cØn Fgp-]-Øn-bmdv Pq¨ Ccp-]-Øn-bm-dn\mWv Cµn-cm-Km‘n k¿°m¿ C-¥ybn¬ ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n-®-Xv. Pb-{]-Imiv \mcm-b-W\pw samdm¿Pn tZim-bnbpw AXp¬ _nlmcn _mPvt]bnbpw apX¬ A\-h[n tZio-b-t\-Xm°-fn¬ XpSßn ]©m-bØp XeØn¬hsc cmjv{So-b-ambn k¿°m-cnt\mSv FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn-cp∂ H´-\-h[n t]¿ Pbn-en-em-bn. A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X{¥yØn-\p-th≠n tLmc-tLmcw {]kw-Kn°mdpw Fgp-Xmdpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ Fs‚ ]e _p≤n-Po-hn-kplrØp°fpw au\Øn-em-bn. Ccp-]-Xp-amkw Ign™v ASn-

sI.-F¬. taml-\-h¿Ω

b-¥-cm-hÿ ]n≥h-en-®-t∏mƒ an°hcpw hmNm-e-cmbn ]pd-Øp-h-∂p.

A¥- w-L¿j-Øns‚ ISpØ kΩ¿±-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\mam\knIambn H‰-s∏´v [ym\-Ønepw GIm-¥-Nn-¥-I-fn-ep-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v `wKn-bmb `mj-bn¬ bmsXmcp Dfp-∏pan-√msX an°-hcpw Fgp-Xn. Ct∏mƒ ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿm {]Jym-]-\-Øns‚ \m¬∏Xmw hm¿jn-I-Zn-\-Øn¬ H´-\h[n kwL-S-\-Iƒ B Icn-Zn-\-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn Ah-c-h-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS XßfmWv icn°pw A°m-eØv bmX\ A\p-`-hn-®-h¿ F∂v IrXy-ambn

am[y-a-߃ \¬Ip∂Xp Xs∂-bmtWm P\-߃°p th≠Xv? hmb-\-°m-cp-sS, t{]£-Is‚ ]£Øp \n∂v \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ am[y-a-tem-I-ØneqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-I-bmWv Cu ]w‡n-bn-eqsS teJ-I≥.

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(30)

shcnss^ sNøm≥ ]‰mØ IY-I-fn-eqsS \sΩ Chcn¬ ]ecpw hniz-kn-∏n-®p. Rm≥ ]gb IY-Iƒ tXSn. ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-°m-esØ {]kv sk≥k¿jn∏n-t\m-Sm-bn-cp∂p Gh¿°pw FXn-cv. A∂v ]{X߃°v k¿°m¿ hI D]-tZiw e`n-®p. A]-I-S-I-c-amb hm¿Ø-Iƒ apf-bnte Xs∂ \p≈n-°-f-bm≥ ]{X-߃ kzbw Xbm-dm-I-Ww. kwib-ap-≈-t∏mƒ AXv ]cn-l-cn°m-\mbn k¿°m¿ \nb-an® {]kv AssUz-k-dpsS klmbw tXSmw. A£-cm-`ym-k-an-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw teiw hmbn°m≥ ]Tn-s®-¶nepw ]{Xw hm-bn-°pI F-∂Xv Hcp Bh-iy-ambn Icp-Xm-Ø-h-cm-b-Xn-\mepw C¥y-bnse _lp-`q-cn-]£w P\-Øn\pw Cu {]kv sk≥k¿jn∏v Hcp kzmX-{¥y-Øn-ep≈ ssII-S-Ø-embn tXm∂n-bn-√.

Ah¿°v ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ Fs∂m-∂p-s≠∂v a\- nem-bXv kRvPbv Km‘n I¿i-\-ambn {Kma-ß-fmb {Kma-ß-fn-se√mw IpSpw-_m-kq-{XW ]cn-]m-Sn-bnse h‘o-I-cWw \S-∏m-°m≥ Xp\n-™-t∏m-gm-Wv. an°hmdpw F√m-hcpw ]{Xw hmbn-°p∂ GI kwÿm\w tIc-f-am-Wv. ChnsS F¥m-sW-∂-dn-™p-Iq-Sm, ASnb¥cmhÿbpsS {]Xo-I-ambn \sΩ ImWn®pX∂Xv A∂sØ apJy-a{¥n A®p-X-tat\ms\b√, B`y-¥-c-a{¥n Icp-Wm-I-c-s\-bm-Wv. cmP≥ tIkv F∂ Hcp sshIm-cnI {]m[m\yw e`n® hm¿Ø-bm-bn-cp∂p tIc-f-Ønse ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿbpsS knw_¬. ^ew ]{Xw hm-bn-°mØ CX-c-kwÿm-\-ß-fnse {Kmao-W≥ Ccp-]-Xp-am-ksØ ASn-b-¥cm-h-ÿ-bpsS IW-s°-Sp∏p \S∂ ASpØ sXc-s™Sp-∏n¬ Cµn-cm-Km-‘n-sbbpw Iq´-scbpw \ncm-I-cn-®t∏mƒ ]{Xw hmbn-°p∂ tIcfw Ahsc ho≠pw A[nPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

Im-c-Øn-te°v hcm≥ thm´p sNbvXp £Wn-®p.

C∂v ]Øn-cp-]-Ø©p sIm√-ambn C¥y≥ am[yacwKØp h∂psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ am‰-߃ A£cm`ym-k-an-√mØ-h-s\-t∏mepw hm¿Ø-I-fpsS D]t`m-‡m-hmbn am‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂XmWv. A®Sn am[y-a-Øns‚ i‡n Ipd™p hcn-I-bmWv. kzIm-cy-taJe Zriy˛{imhy cwKØv tdUn-tbm-bnepw sSen-hn-j\nepw A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂p. Hcf-hnAXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn Ign™ A©mdph¿jambn C‚¿s\‰v \¬Ip∂ Hcp hm¿Øm Ifn-°fw cq]s∏´p h-cp-∂p. C∂v aoUn-bm-bpsS hym]v-Xnbpw hf¿®bpw sshhn-≤yhpw B¿°pw \nb-{¥n-°m≥ ]‰mØhn[w hn]p-e-am-Wv. 1975˛se Cµn-cm-Km-‘n-bpsS sk≥k¿jn∏v \nb-a-߃ C∂v teiw \ho-I-cn®v sIm≠ph∂m¬t∏mepw Ahbv°v ^e-{]m]vXn D≠mIn√ F∂-Xn\v Hcp kwi-b-hpan√.

Bbp-[-i-‡nbpw sSIvt\m-f-Pnbpw aX-Øntem XXz-im-kv{X-Øntem D≈ ISpØ hnizm-khpw F°mehpw cmjv{Sob t\Xr-Xz-ß-fn¬ Hcp Xcw GIm-[n]Xy {`m¥v krjvSn-°m-dp-ap-≠v. B {`m¥v Ipsd-°mew ]e-t∏mgpw cmPy-Øns‚ `uXn-I-amb ]ptcm-KXn hcpØm-dp-ap-≠v. ln‰vedpw Ãmen\pw apX¬ K±m^n hsc ASpØ ImesØ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. AXn¬ C∂v Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ {]ap-J-\mWv DØ-c-sIm-dn-bbpsS Inw tbmwKv. {]kv aoUnbm sk≥k¿jn∏v C∂v I¿i\ambn \S-∏n-en-cn-°p∂ cmjv{Sw. Inw tbmwKn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ck-I-c-amb IY. kn\n-am-°-Y-bm-Wv. AXn\m¬ AXv A¿≤-kXy ^nIvj\mWv. 2014 Ah-km\w {]Z¿i-\-Øn\p Xbm-

(31) dmb Zn C‚¿hyq F∂ tlmfnhpUv kn\n-a.

Inw tbmwKv Ata-cn-°≥ sSen-hn-j\nse temI-am-k-Iew P\-{]oXn t\Snb kvss° em¿°v Sp ss\‰v F∂ tNmtZymØc t{]m{Km-ans‚ Bcm-[-I-\m-Wv. hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fnse AXyp-∂-X-cp-ambn \S-Øp∂ Cu A`n-ap-J-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Ah-cpsS kzImcy Pohn-Xhpw Xam-i-Ifpw tKmkn-∏pIfpw Im´pw. Cu tSm°v tjmbpsS Bbn-cmaXv F∏n-tkmUv XnI-bp-∂-Xns‚ BtLm-jØn-\n-S-bn¬ Inw tbmwKns\ Cu t{]m{Kman¬ sIm≠phcm≥ s{]mUyq-k¿ πm\n-Sp-∂p. ]e hnZy-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Inw tbmwKns\ he-bn¬ hogvØp-∂p. kvss° em¿°v BXntY-b≥ {]K-¤-\mb tUhn-Un\pw Iymadmam\pw kntbm-fn¬ sN∂v tjm sd°m¿UpsNøm≥ A\p-aXn e`n-°p-∂p. Hcp ssehv tjmbv°v DØc sImdn-b≥ sSen-hnj-\n-e-√msX as‰m-∂nepw Hcn-°epw {]Xy£-s∏-SmØ, hntZ-i-]{X {]h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn Hcn-°epw _‘-s∏-Sm≥ kΩXw \¬Im-Øbm-fmWv Inw tbmwKv. At±-l-hp-ambn t\cn´v Ipsdt\cw CS-s]-Sm≥ c≠p Ata-cn-°≥ aoUnb {]h¿Ø-I-¿°p In´p∂ AXy-]q¿h-k-µ¿`w ]mgm°msX Inw tbmKns\ h[n-°m-\mbn Ata-cn-°≥ clkym-t\z-jW GP≥kn F^v.-_n.sF. Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. tUhn-Un-s\bpw Iq´p-Im-c-s\bpw I≈pw I©mhpw s]Æpw sImSpØv hi-Øm°n Cu ZuXyw G¬∏n-°p-∂p. Inw tbmwKns\ Hcp Xh-Wtb Ch¿°v sXmSm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°q. BZysØ tj°v lm≥Uv. B kabw t\cnb ssIb-a¿Ø-en-\nsS ssI∏-Ønbn¬ H´n® πmÃ-dn-eqsS amc-I-hnjw ]I-cp-I-bmWv ]≤-Xn. IY ]n∂oSv Ak¬ sPbnwkv t_m≠v tlmfnhpUv ssÃen¬ Inw tbmwKns‚ ac-W-Ønepw GIm-[n]-Xy-Øns‚ ]X-\-Ønepw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

Cu kn\nam Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw {]Z¿in-∏n-®mDØc sImdn-b≥ k¿°m¿ bp-F-kvF.-bp-ambn bp≤w {]Jym-]n-°p-sa∂p hsc `ojWn D≠m-bn. kn\nam FUn‰p sNbvXv DØ-c-sIm-dn-b≥ k¿°mcns‚ FXncp Ipd-bv°m≥ {ian-s®-¶nepw Imcyw \S-∂n-√. CXn-\nSbv°v kn\n-am-\n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ t]c‚ v Iº-\n-bmb tkmWn-]n-IvtNgvkv F‚¿sS-bn‚ vsa‚ns‚ Iºyq-´¿ knÃw kam-[m-\-Øns‚ c£-I≥ F∂v kzbw {]Jym]n®v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Iºyq-´¿ lm°nwKv tkh\ {Kq∏v lm°v sNbvXv tkmWn-bpsS cl-ky-߃ Iptd-s»bmbn ]pd-Øp-hn´v Ahsc {]Xn-tcm-[-Øn-em°n Zn C‚¿hyq F∂ Cu kn\nam Xo{h-hmZw t{]m’m-ln∏n°pw F∂v F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-hp∂ ImcWw ]d™v kn\nam {]Z¿in∏n°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂v Cu {Kq∏v I¿i-\-ambn hm¿WnwKv \¬In. tkmWn Iº\n dneokv t]cn\v Nne Xntb-‰-dp-I-fn¬ am{Xw \SØn ]pXnb Hcp ]cn-]mSn {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n. kn\na Hm¨sse≥ hmS-I-hn¬∏\ ssien-bn¬ am{Xw UbdIvSv am¿°-‰nwKv sNbvXp. kn\na ImtW-≠-h¿ I≠p.

UnPn-‰¬ dneokv cwKØv Cu kn\na Ign™ A©mdp amk-Øn-\Iw sd°m¿Uv IfIvj≥ t\Sn.

Inw tbmwKv Cu IYbv°v Hcp KpW-]mTap≠v.

GXp auen-Im-h-Imiw ÿm]n®p In´m\pw sSIvt\m-f-Pntb C\n c£-bp-≈q. ]s£ aoUn-b-bpsS C∂v kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p∂ sshhn-≤yamb cq]-am‰w ImcWw C\n a\pjymh-Im-iw, Zmcn-{Zyw, kmaq-ly-\oXn, H‰-s∏-´Xpw ]m¿iz-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb Dƒ\m-S≥ {Kma-߃, h¿§-߃ XpS-ßnb C∂phsc s]mXpsh aoUnb {^≠ven Bbn-´n-√m-Xn-cp∂ hnj-b-߃°p IqSp-XCSw e`n-°m-\n-S-bp≠v F∂v \mw {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂p. ]s£ Cu {]Xo£ Aÿm-\-Ømbn. C∂v Cu aoUnb ssIImcyw sNøp∂ hm¿Ø-Ifpw Hcp I¨kyq-a¿ DXv]-∂-ambn A\p-Zn\w amdn-s°m-≠n-cn°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. GXp hm¿ØbmWv IqSp-X¬ hn¬°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂-Xn-\mWv {]m[m\yw. k¿°m-cn\v hcpw ImeØv ]g-b-Xp-t]mse Hcp hm¿Ø sk≥k¿jn∏v Akm-≤y-am-bn-cn-°mw. ]s£ cmjv{So-bhpw _nkn-\ pw H∂m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ C∂sØ BtKm-f-{]-h-W-Xbv°v XSbnSm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-∂n-√. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw F¥mWv hm¿Ø F∂Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-I-bm-Wv. AXv Hcp AZr-iyamb sk≥k¿jn∏v hcp-Øp∂ ASnb-¥-cmhÿ-bn-te°v aoUn-bmsb FØn®psIm≠n-cn°p-I-bp-am-Wv. CXn-s\-Xnsc Hcp kacw km[y-amtWm? F¶n¬ AXv FhnsS Bcw-`n°pw? Bcv XpSßpw? ¤ .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

t\mh-enÃpw ho£Ww ap≥ No^v FUn-‰-dp-amWv teJ-I≥. teJ-Is‚ C˛ sabn¬: klmv@rediffmail.com Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(32)

Public Service Advertisin g

BOYS DON’T CRY

Shoma A. Chatterji

GENDER-STEREOTYPING IN REVERSE? V

ogue India is currently running a public service campaign on satellite channels protesting against domestic violence. The well-written, tightlyknit script is built up of collages that show boys of different ages from toddlers to adult young sportsmen being urged not to cry. The climax shows a quiet, grave-faced, handsome young man pulling at something you cannot see. The camera tracks behind and one gets a glimpse into the man twisting the arm of his wife whose face is already badly bruised through battering. When the film ends, Madhuri Dixit appears in the frame and says, “it would be better if boys were taught boys do not cry because girls never make them cry,” which finds no connect with the subject of domestic violence at all.

But that is not the point of this article. The point is forcing the male child into a kind of role-playing that goes against the natural expression of any growing human – male or female. If crying is a free expression of a range of emotions, why must crying be taboo for the male and okay for the female? In this ad, one small scene shows a little boy crying because his mother is going away while his worried grandparents try to console him by pointing out that he is a boy and boys don’t cry. A fat father drags his wailing little boy to the Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

swimming pool trying to force him into the waters and a voice-over says, “boys don’t cry.” A little boy is asked, “Why are you crying? Are you a girl?” and the crying boy not understanding what the question is all about, nods his head to suggest ‘yes.’ A grown up boy cries over what appears to be a broken affair and his friend asks him not to be a Devdas. After a match, a player hugs his coach and cries pitifully only to be told he is a boy and so he should not cry.

The repeated emphasis on boys being asked not to cry because they are boys, per se and for no other reason is gender stereotyping in reverse where society conditions the male of the species from babyhood not to cry even to express the saddest of emotions such as the loss of a parent or failure at an examination. Not crying is equated to not being masculine because crying is linked to the feminine, God knows for what reason and therefore, for males, crying means they are not really men. Crying is as natural and spontaneous an emotional expression as laughing is. If boys can laugh like girls can, why must they be stopped from crying if and when they feel like giving vent to the emotions freely? Equating crying with lack of masculinity is an absurd premise that needs to be discarded forever.

(33)

Crying is not a symbol of weakness but only an emotional action or reaction. Men are expected to be strong and so in order to show off their strength they are expected not to cry. The taboo against men letting go of their emotions enough to cry in front of others began from the time when men were forced to go to war and face the death of friends or their own injuries.

It was felt that if men gave in to their fear of death or disability, they might be killed at war simply because they were considered to be ‘cowards.’ Even at the end of World War I it was believed that if a man reacted in a way that was counter to courage on the battlefield, he was considered to be expendable and was killed for his cowardice of which crying was one expression he gave free rein to. This belief as become so deeply ingrained in the minds of boys and men is that they refuse to let others witness their tears and often cry in the privacy of the restroom or inside a locked bedroom. He feels embarrassed to shed tears even at a funeral service and this bears heavily on his mind.

Keeping feelings of genuine grief pent up and not letting go of the tears freely can have a far-reaching impact on the minds of men. In an article in The Independent ( November 13, 2008), Roger Dobson states that a study at Tilburg University in The Netherlands pointed out that both men and women would give more emotional support to someone who was

crying, although they judged less positively someone who wept. Another study showed men were liked best when they cried and women when they did not.

“Overall, results support the theory that crying is an attachment behaviour designed to elicit help from others,’’ say the Dutch researchers. At the University of South Florida, researchers found that almost everyone feels better after a cry and that personality has a big effect on how often we cry. The study goes on to point out that crying makes 88.8% of people feel better.

The reverse stereotyping of gender that insists boys should not cry does not take cognizance of the fact that bottling up emotions does not allow the emotions to go away. crying helps clear out all that pent-up crap inside your head by releasing hormones and boosting neurotransmitters that decrease your stress levels, make your pain hurt less and improve your mood. What does this have to do whether this happens with a man or a woman, a girl or a boy? A 2011 study of 150 college football players revealed that the happiest athletes were those who felt comfortable openly expressing their sad emotions. Dr. Judith Orloff, a psychiatrist at UCLA explains, “The new enlightened paradigm of what constitutes a powerful man is someone who has the strength and self-awareness to cry.” . Most researchers and theorists agree that inhibiting sad, hurt, or fearful feelings is a health Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(34)

liability for boys and men.

Coming back to the Boys Don’t Cry campaign, one is constrained to raise questions on how a boy who cries grows up to be a wife-abuser if that is what the commercial is suggesting. There is no visible or invisible connect between a boy who cries growing up to be a wife-basher or a violent person. A boy who grows up without any censorship on shedding tears is more likely to empathise with his mother/sister/ wife/daughter and their pains than a boy who is grilled into believing that crying is unmanl and feminine. Until recently, Roger Dobson writes that crying was associated with sensitive, weak men, while now it is linked to strong, powerful men. One theory is that a driving force behind the change has been powerful and emotional events such as 9/11.

Norms for men and crying are changing. Certain types of expressions that were proscribed for men are now becoming more acceptable. Professor Stephanie Shields of Pennsylvania State University says, “certain Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

types of tears are no longer associated with powerlessness, and thus no longer conflict with assertions of masculinity,’’ In an episode that discussed gender-stereotyping in human behaviour on Satyameva Jayate, Amir Khan unabashedly confessed that he had this tendency to cry at the drop of a hat! Did that make a dent on his popularity as a star with a social agenda or on his masculinity? While women cry more than men, tearful males are becoming increasingly acceptable in society.

So boys, please go ahead and cry and don’t feel embarrassed or shy or ashamed or guilty of crying – it only proves that you are not a robot or an animal but a normal human being! .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 17 books and contributed to many compilations on cinema, family and gender.

Email: shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

(35) \yqkv s\‰v

C. ]n jmPp-±o≥ BtKm-f-am-[ya cwKsØ ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Ifpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw a\- nem-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ anI® aoUnb sh_vssk-‰p-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbmWv Cu ]w‡n. am[y-a-cw-K-Øp-{]h¿Øn-°p-∂h¿°pw am[y-a-hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw Hcp-t]mse {]tbmP-\-{]-Z-am-bncn°pw Cu ssk‰pI-fn¬ \n∂v e`n°p∂ hnh-c-߃

temI-sa-ºmSpw am[ya {]h¿Ø\-cw-KØv h\n-X-I-fpsS km∂n[yw Dd∏m-°pI F∂ e£y-tØmsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-bmb C‚¿\m-j-W¬ hna≥kv aoUnb ^ut≠-js‚ sh_vssk-‰mWv http:/ /www.iwmf.org. ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-tS-Xn\p Xpey-amb kzcw Db¿s∂-¶nte am[y-acwKw ]q¿W-ambpw kzX-{¥-amIq F∂ Bibw apt∂m´p hbv°p∂ Cu kwL-S\ 25 h¿j-ambn kPo-h-amWv. h\nXm am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°v ]cnio-e-\w, Ah-k-c-߃ D≠m-°n- sImSp-°¬, hnhn[ Xcw `ojWn t\cn-Sp∂-h¿°p ]n¥p-Wbpw kwc-£-Whpw \¬I¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv kwL-S-\bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃. kwL-S\ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ItdPv C≥ tPWenkw Ahm¿Uv h\nXm am[y-a-cwKØv {]i-kvX-am-Wv. Cu h¿jw kmw_n-b, djy, tlm≠p-dm-kv, Atacn° F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse am[ya {]h¿Ø-I¿°mWp In´n-b-Xv. am[ya kzmX-{¥yw, h\n-X-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xzw, am[ya kwcw-`-IXzw, kpc£n-XXzw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn¬ kwLS\ \S-Øp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw CXp kw_-‘n® s]mXp hm¿Ø-Ifpw ssk‰nse Hu¿ Cjyqkv F∂ en¶n¬\n∂p Is≠-Ømw. Hu¿ Cw]mIvSv F∂ hn`mKw kwL-S-\bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p. ItdPv Ahm¿Un\p ]pdta ARvP \o{Un-ßkv Ahm¿Uv, ]cn-ioe-\w, kwcw-`-I-Xz-Øn-\p≈ Ah-k-cw, hnhn-[- ]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS hnhcw Cu en¶n¬ ImWmw. Cu h¿jw BZy-ambn G¿s∏-Sp-Øp∂ slmhm¿Uv Pn.-_-s^‰v ^≠ns‚ hnhc-ßfpw Cu en¶n-ep-≠v. BZy Ahm¿Uv tPXm-°-fn¬ C¥y-bnse

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

hna≥kv aoUnb ^ut≠-j≥ At\z-j-Wm-flI ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ cwKØv {it≤-b-bmb {]nb¶m Zpt_-bpap-≠v. h\nXm am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Isc ASnb-¥cL´-ß-fn¬ klm-bn-°m-\p≈ Fa¿P≥kn Akn-Ã≥kv hn`m-Khpw CXn¬ ImWmw. ssk‰nse dnk¿®v F∂ hn`mKw Gsd hnh-c-߃ \¬Ip∂-XmWv. h\nXm am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ B{I-an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ 2013 apX¬ kwL-S\ tiJ-cn®p XpS-ßnb-Xm-Wv. Ign™ h¿jw CXp kw_‘n® dnt∏m¿´v kwL-S\ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p. CXv sh_vssk-‰n¬\n∂p hmbn°mw. temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ h\nXm am[ya{]h¿Ø-I-cpsS Ahÿ kw_‘n® ]T-\hpw \S-Øn. Cu dnt∏m¿´v ssk‰n¬\n∂v Uu¨temUv sNømw.

{SqØu´v At\z-j-Wm-flI dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn{]tXyI {i≤ \S-Øp∂ ssk‰mWv http://www.truthout.org. a\pjyIpesØbpw `qan-sbbpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\pth≠ F√m {]h¿Ø-\hpw At\z-jWm-flI am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \SØp-sa-∂mWv emt`— IqSmsX {]h¿Øn°p∂ {SqØu´v kwL-S\ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hnhn[ hnj-b-߃ kw_-‘n® [mcmfw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ ssk‰ns‚ tlmw t]PnXs∂ ImWmw. _kv^vfmjv, kv]o°u´v, s{]m{K-kohv ]n°vkv F∂n-h-bmWv en¶p-Iƒ. ¤ .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

awKfw Zn\-]-{X-Øns‚ No^v \yqkv FUn-‰-dmWv teJ-I≥. teJ-Is‚ C˛-sabn¬: epshajudeen@gmail.com

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(36)

hmb-\

BtKm-f-h¬°-c-Whpw C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ßfpw B

tKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ Im¬\q-‰m≠v (1989˛2014) C¥y≥ am[y-a-cw-KsØ bYm¿Y hnπ-hØns‚IqSn Ime-am-Wv. hm¿Øm, hnt\m-Z, hn\n-a-b-a-fi-eß-fnse am[ya DS-a-ÿ-X, kmt¶-Xn-I-X, \nb-a-߃, hym]-\w, hf¿®, sshhn[yw F∂o Xe-ß-fn¬ c≠p-\q‰m≠v hsc Ncn-{X-ap-ff C¥y≥ am[y-a-cwKw h≥Ip-Xn-∏pIƒ \S-Øp-∂Xv 1990 apX-em-Wv. A®-Sn-am-[y-a-߃, hnti-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

jmPn tP°_v

(37) jn®v h¿Ø-am-\-∏-{X-߃ {]Nm-c-Øn¬ \mev-˛-A©p aSßv hf¿∂p. FÆ-Øn-ep-ap-≠mbn h≥Ip-Xn-∏v. í91˛í92 ¬ H´msI 32,000 ]{X-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿm\Øv 2012˛13 ¬ 94,000 ]{X-ß-fm-bn. {imhyam[yaw kzIm-cy-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw F^v.Fw. kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ hym]-I-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. 250 e[nIw F^v.-Fw. tÃj-\p-Iƒ Ct∏mƒXs∂ C¥y-bn-ep-≠v. 839 tÃj-\p-Iƒ DS≥ \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNøpw (Usha Rodrigues, Maya Ranganathan, 2015). sSen-hn-j≥ kzIm-cy, D]-{K-l-hnπ-hß-fn-eqsS kz¥w Pohn-X-Im-e-am°n Cu L´sØ am‰p-Ibpw A®-Sn, {imhy-am-[y-a-ßsf F√m A¿Y-

bmIpw F∂v ]T-\-߃ ]d-bp-∂p. samss_¬t^mWns‚ hym]-\-amWv Cu cwKsØ {it≤-b-amb Hcp am‰w. 2014se IW-°-\p-k-cn®v C¥y-bnsamss_¬t^m¨ D]-tbm-‡m-°ƒ 63.84 tImSn-bmWv (The Hindu, 2015 June 28). P\-kw-Jy-bpsS ]Ip-Xn. shdpw ]Øp-h¿jsØ Ncn-{X-ap-ff Hcp am[y-a-am-WnsX-t∂m¿°-Ww. t^m¨hnfn Ign-™m¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬t]¿ samss_-ens\ B{i-bn-°p-∂Xv kmaqly-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm-\mWv F∂Xpw CtXmSp tN¿Øp-hm-bn-°p-I. BtKm-f, kzImcy IpØ-I-I-fpsS km∂n-[yw, AXn-\q-X-\-amb kmt¶-Xn-I-X-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw,

Ønepw ]n¥-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]Nm-c-Øn¬, ]c-kyh-cp-am-\-Øn¬, hm¿Øm-˛-hn-t\mZ aqey-ß-fn¬, P\-{]oXn-bn¬... C‚¿s\-‰ns\ ap≥\n¿Øp∂ \h-am-[y-a-߃ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-cwKw kºq¿Æ-ambn Iog-S-°p-Ibpw B[p-\nI am[y-a-ßsf ka{K-ambn \ho-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-s\m∏w kz¥w _lp-P-\-am-[y-a-߃°p cq]w-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-߃ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bpsS Imew ]pXnb \q‰m-≠n-emWv cq]w-sIm-f-fp-∂-Xv. Hcp ]Xn-‰m-≠n-\p-f-fn¬ AXv temIsØ am‰n-a-dn-°p-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp. 2018 HmsS C¥y-bn¬ C‚¿s\‰v hcn-°m-cpsS FÆw 50 tImSn-

Akm-[m-c-W-amw-hn[w hn]-Wn-h¬Ir-X-amb D≈S°hpw LS-\bpw 70˛80 iX-am\w P\-ß-fn-te°v FØn-t®-cp∂ Ahÿ F∂n-ßs\ C°m-e-L-´Øns‚ C¥y≥ am[y-a-ß-fpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-h-߃ apJy-ambpw \mem-Wv. Hmtcm-∂pw, BtKm-f-h¬°-c-WØns‚ cm{„o-b, kmº-ØnI \b-ß-fp-sSbpw kmt¶XnI apt∂-‰-Øn-s‚bpw ^ew. km£-c-Xm-\n-c-°ntem ASn-ÿm-\-Po-hn-X-ku-I-cy-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øntem D≠mImØ IpXn-∏mWv am[ya hn\n-a-b-˛-hym-]-\-cw-K-ß-fnC°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-´p-f-f-Xv. \nc-£-cX \mev]-Xp-i-X-am\-ap-ff C¥y-bn¬ Adp-]-Xp-i-X-am\w t]¿°v I°qPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(38) kn√ F∂ hnJym-X-amb Ahÿ Hm¿Ωn-°p-I. ]s£ sSen-I-ayq-Wn-t°-j≥, Ce-t{Œm-WnIv am[y-a-cw-K-ßfnepw ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-cw-K-Øp-ap-≠m-Ip∂ apt∂-‰Øn\v AsXm∂pw XS- -am-Ip-∂n-√.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-am[y-a-cw-K-sØbpw BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-sØbpw Iq´-nbnW-°p∂ Ggp ]T-\-ß-f-psS Cu kam-lmcw {]kn-≤oIr-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv. ap≥]p-Xs∂ ëIndian Media is a Globalised Worldí F∂ t]cn¬ 2010 ¬ Ch¿ Hcp {KŸw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp∂p (ImWp-I, aoUn-b, BKÃv, 2012). AXv am[y-a-cw-KsØ s]mXp-am-‰-ß-sf-°p-dn®m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]pXnb {KŸw hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-cw-KsØ-°p-dn-®p-ff khn-tij ]T-\-am-Wv. C¥y≥ kaq-lØnse Ggv {][m\ kµ¿`-߃ (cm{„ob sSen-hnj≥, Hfn-Im-a-d, `oI-c-hm-Z-dn-t∏m¿´nw-Kv, s]bvUv \yqkv, kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-߃, am[y-ao-Ir-X-cm-{„w, Z¬ln Iq´_-em-’wKt°kns‚ dnt∏m¿´nwKv F∂nh) ap≥\n¿Øn BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Im-esØ hm¿Øm-am-

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

Dj tdm{UnKvkv

amb cwK-\m-Y≥

[y-a-߃ Ahsb Fßs\ ëhm¿Ø-bm°n am‰n F∂Xns‚ kq£vahpw hni-Z-hp-amb A]-{K-Y\w \SØp-∂p, Djbpw amb-bpw.

BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Im-eØv C¥y-bnhm¿Øm, hnt\mZ am[y-a-cw-K-Øp-≠mb IpXn-®p-Nm-´Øn\p ]n∂n¬ hn]-Wn-bpsS t\cn-´p-ff CS-s]-Sepw

(39) kzm[o-\hpw Xm¬]-cy-hp-am-Wp-f-f-Xv. Cw•ojnse-∂t]mse C¥y≥`m-j-I-fnepw \nc-h[n ]pXnb am[y-a߃, hnti-jn®pw sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-Iƒ \ne-hnh∂Xv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ hn]-Wn-bpsS Bh-iyhpw ]cky-]n-¥p-Wbpw Imc-W-am-Wv. 1991 ¬ Hcp Nm\am{X-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿm\Øv 2001 ¬ \qdp Nm\-ep-Ifm-bn. sXm´-SpØ Zi-I-Øn¬ AXv Bdp-a-Sßv hf¿∂p. {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-I-fnse t{]£-Isc BI¿jn°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ {]mtZ-in-I-`m-jm-Nm-\-ep-Iƒ \ne-hnh∂-tXmsS ]{X-ß-fn-te-°p-ff ]c-ky-ß-fpsS IpsØm-gp°v Ipd-™p-Xp-S-ßn.

BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-am-bp-ff kmºØnI DZm-c-h¬°-c-Whpw tZiob \nb-{¥W-ß-fpsS FSp-Øp-I-f-bepw G‰-hp-a-[nIw {]I-S-amb taJ-e-I-fn-sem-∂mWv sSen-hn-jt‚-Xv. kmº-Øn-I-cw-KØpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-cwKØpw Hcp-t]mse {]I-S-amb BtKm-fh¬°-c-W-Øns‚ G‰hpw P\-{]n-bhpw ]cnh¿Ø-t\m-∑p-J-hp-amb Pnlz-bmbn sSen-hnj≥ amdn. ]{Xw, sSen-hn-j≥, \h-am-[y-a߃ F∂nh ap≥\n¿Øn, C°-gn™ Im¬\q-‰m-≠n¬ C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-cw-KØp-≠mb am‰-ß-fpsS s]mXp-L-S-\bpw kz`m-h-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p, Bap-J-te-J\w. \nc-h[n kmaq-ly, kmº-ØnI, cm{„ob am[y-a-tc-J-Isf B{i-bn®pw Hmtcm cwKsØbpw ]Tn-Xm-°sf D≤-cn®pw {it≤-b-amb Nne kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-k-¶-ev]-\-߃ D]tbm-Kn®pw Dj, hm¿Ømam[y-a-ß-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI cm{„obw hni-I-e\w sNøp∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, tl_¿amkv apt∂m-´ph® km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw GIhp-amb s]mXp-afi-e-k-¶-ev]-\sØ _lp-Xe km[y-X-I-fnte°p hym]n-∏n®v Imcn-Im-]n-s\≥ Ah-X-cn∏n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂mWv Dj Xs‚bpw amb-bp-sSbpw teJ-\-ß-fpsS ssk≤m-¥n-Ihpw coXn-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb ASn-Ød kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (]pdw : 24). am[y-a-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]T-\-k-ao-]-\-߃ DS\ofw kzoI-cn®pw {]Xn-\n-[m-\-]-c-ambn Nne kµ¿`߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXpw Ign™ Im¬\q-‰m-≠nse C¥y≥ am[y-a-cw-K-Øns‚ Hcp Ncn-{Xm-]-{K-Y\w e£y-an-Sp∂p {KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ.

Bap-JsØØpS¿∂p-h-cp∂ BZy-te-J-\Øn¬ ambm-cw-K-\m-Y≥ \nco-£-I-\n¬ (observer) \n∂v ]¶mfn (participant)-bn-te-°p amdp∂ C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS I¿XrXzw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. k¨Sn-hn-bpsS D¤-h-hn-Im-k-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bp-ff Cu ]T\w ësSen-hn-j≥ cm{„o-b-sØ-bpwëcm{„obsS-en-hn-j-s\bpw Ipdn-®p-ff N¿®-Iq-Sn-bmbn amdp-∂p. UnFw-sI-°p-th≠n k¨Snhn XpS-°-an´ Cusbmcp {]h-WX ]n¥p-S¿∂v C¥y-bn¬ GXm≠v Ccp-]-Øm-tdmfw hm¿Øm-Nm-\-ep-Iƒ t\cn´v cm{„o-b]m¿´n-Itfm Ah-cpsS t\Xm-°tfm Bcw-`n-°p-I-bp≠m-bn. CXp kr„n®v G‰hpw henb am‰w C¥y≥

cm{„obw Akm-am-\y-amw-hn[w ësSen-hn-jz-ssekví sNø-s∏´p F∂-Xm-Wv. {]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn-emWv taev]d™ apgp-h≥ Nm\-ep-Ifpw F∂Xv Gsd {it≤-b-amIp-∂p. cm{„o-b-amWv hm¿Øm-Nm-\-ep-I-fpsS Pohizmkw F∂ \ne-bn-te°v tZio-b-Nm-\-ep-I-sf-t∏mepw am‰m≥ Chbv°p Ign-™p. Xan-gv\m-´n¬ cm{„o-b]m¿´n-I-fpsS hI-bmbn Bdv hm¿Øm-Nm-\-ep-I-fp≈t∏mƒ ë]g-bí B{‘m-{]-tZ-in¬ ]Xn-t\gp hm¿ØmNm-\-ep-I-fm-Wp-f-f-Xv. Ãm¿Sn-hn°pw koSn-hn°pw kam¥-c-ambn Z£n-tW-¥y≥ sSen-hn-j≥ cwKØp sh∂ns°m-Sn-]m-dn® k¨Sn-hn-bpsS XI¿® Bcw-`n°pw ap≥]mWv (2015 ¬) Cu teJ\w Fgp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-

∂Xpw {i≤n-t°≠ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. ÃnwKv tPW-en-ksØ-°p-dn-®p-ff amb-bpsS ]T\w, Agn-a-Xn-hn-cp-≤, At\z-j-Wm-flI am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø\-Øns‚ amXr-I-bmbn hnI-kn®ph∂n-´p-ff ëHfn-Imadí dnt∏m¿´nw-Kn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv. Zriy, \h am[y-a-ßfn-emWv Ch-bpsS B[n-Iyw. am[y-a-[m¿Ωn-I-X-sb-°pdn-®p-ff \nc-h[n tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hc-hÿbpw Ch kr„n-®n-´p-≠v. 1980 Ifn¬ Acp¨ jqdn FUn-‰-dm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ C¥y≥ FIvkv{]kmWv C¥ybn¬ At\z-j-Wm-flI am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]ikvX-amb amXr-I-Iƒ°p XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. Agn-aXn, t]meokv ]oU-\w, KqVm-tem-N-\, a\p-jy-°-SØv,.......... `K¬]q¿ Zpc¥w apX¬ t_mt^mgvkv hsc.

1979˛81 ImeØv C¥y≥ FIvkv{]-kn¬ Aizn\n kcn≥ Fgp-Xnb a\p-jy-°-S-Øn-s\bpw s]¨hm-Wn-`sØbpw Ipdn-®p-ff dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ amb hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p. sSen-hn-j≥Im-e-ØmWv Hfn-Im-a-d-I-bpsS Ifn-Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv. ap≥]v i_vZ-tc-J-tbm, IS-emkv tcJItfm Hs°-bm-bn-cp-∂p, Xpdp-∏p-Iƒ. sXl¬° t]mep-ff am[y-a-߃ Gsd tImfn-f-°-ap-≠m-°nb ]e Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(40)

hm¿ØIfpw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂Xv ÃnwKv Hm∏-td-j≥ hgn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¿Pv s^¿Wm-≠-kv, _wKm-cp-e£va¨ XpS-ßnb ]e h≥a-c-ßfpw IS-]p-g-In-bXv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. \ocm dmUnb tS∏p-Iƒ, ko \yqkn-s\Xnsc \ho≥ Pn≥Um¬ \S-Ønb ëFXn¿ ÃnwKv Hm∏td-j≥í F∂nh amb A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂p. `oI-c-hm-Zhpw sSen-hn-j\pwí F∂ ]T-\Øn¬ Dj, 2008 \hw-_¿ 20 \v apw_-bn-ep≠mb B{I-a-W-]-c-º-c-Iƒ 24 aWn-°qdpw kwt{]-jWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-Nm-\-ep-Iƒ kr„n® ëknF≥-F≥ {]`mhwí N¿®-sN-øp-∂p. 1980 ¬ XpS-°-an´ knF≥-F≥ Nm\-emWv 24 x 7 hm¿Ø-sb∂ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ {k„m-hv. 1990 Ifn¬ Kƒ^v bp≤w kwt{]-jWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cu Nm\¬ XpS-°-an´ Ata-cn-°≥ km{am-PysØ C…mw-hn-cp≤ hm¿Øm-cm-{„obw tZio-b-X-sb°p-dn®p am{X-a-√, `oI-c-hm-Z-sØbpw aX-au-enI-hm-Z-sØbpw Ipdn®pw Hcp am[y-a-Øn\p kr„n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ A]m-c-amb aX-sh-dnbpsS GSp-I-fmbn amdn. C¥y-bn¬ \SmsS CØ-c-samcp cm{„o-b-Øn\v hm¿Øm-Nm-\-epIƒ a’-c-_p-≤n-tbmsS cq]w-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-bncp∂p apw_bv B{I-aW dnt∏m¿´nw-Kn¬ F∂v Dj ka¿Yn-°p-∂p. am[y-a-hn-a¿i-I¿ apXkp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-hsc \nin-X-ambn hna¿in® Cu Nm\¬CS-s]-S-ens‚ kq£va-cm-{„obw Dj hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Bfl-\n-b-{¥-W-an√mØ Nm\-ep-Iƒ, am[y-a-[m¿Ωn-IX apXcmPy-kp-c-£-hsc _en-sIm-SpØ hmWn-Pyÿm-]-\-ß-fmbn amdn-b-Xns‚ G‰hpw {]kn-≤amb DZm-l-c-W-ambnØocp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p apws_bv B{I-a-W-Øns‚ 24 x 7 Ih-td-Pv. ës]bvUv \yqkví F∂p t]cp-tI-´, C¥y≥ am[y-a-cw-KsØ G‰hpw Ip{]-kn-≤-amb {]h-W-X-sb°p-dn-®mWv amb-bpsS ASpØ teJ-\w. am[y-a-ßfpw cm{„o-b-°mcpw _nkn-\-kp-Imcpw tN¿∂p-ff Hcp Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

s]mdm-´p-\m-S-I-ambn ëhm¿Øí amdp-∂-Xns‚ Ahtem-I-\w. apJy-ambpw ëZ lnµpí Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ ]n. kmbv\m-Yns‚ CS-s]-S-en-eqsS temI-{i-≤-bmI¿jn®v s]bvUv \yqkv, dmUnb tS∏p-Iƒ kr„n-®Xn-s\-°mƒ henb Ah-a-Xn-bmWv C¥y≥ am[y-a߃°p kr„n-®p-\¬In-Xv. ]Wtam ]c-kytam ]Icw hmßn cm{„o-b-°m¿°pw hyh-km-bnIƒ°pw a‰m¿°pw A\p-Iq-e-ambn hm¿Ø-Iƒ kr„n-°p-∂-Xns‚ A[m¿Ωn-IX ëssSwkv Hm^v C¥yí apX¬ {]mtZ-inI sNdp-InS am[y-a߃hsc GXn\pw _m[-I-am-Ip-∂p. bYm¿Y-ØnCu {]h-WX Hcp s]mXp-am-[y-a-kw-kvIm-cw-X-s∂bm-sW-¶nepw alm-cm{„ \nb-a-k-`m-sX-c-s™-Sp∏n¬ ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybpw Nne AXn-k-º-∂cmb cm{„o-b-t\-Xm-°fpw XΩn-ep-≠m-°nb [mc-WbmWv G‰-hp-a-[nIw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv. ]m¿esa‚nepw sXc-s™-Sp∏p IΩo-j-\nepw A°m-Z-anI am[y-a-]-T\ ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xnbnepw {]kvIu¨kn¬ Hm^v C¥y-bn-ep-sams° ës]bvUv \yqkví \nc-¥cw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-´p. SnF≥ ss\\m≥, _n.-Pn. h¿Ko-kv, kpanXv N{I-h¿Øn, a[pIn-jzm¿ F∂n-h-cpƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp IΩn-‰nsb Cu hnjbw ]Tn-°m≥ FUn-t‰gvkv Kn¬Uv Hm^v C¥y \ntbm-Kn-®p. ]c≥tPmbv Kplm-Xm-Ip¿Ø {it≤-b-amb Hcp tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Xs∂ \n¿Ωn-®p. C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-

am-[y-a-ß-fpsS hnizm-kyX F°m-e-tØ-°p-ambn XI¿∂p. tIm¿∏-td‰v ImeØv hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-߃°p kw`-hn-°m-hp∂ G‰hpw henb hogvN-bmbn Cu am‰w hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

(41) \h-km-aq-ly-am-[y-a-߃ sk‰p-sN-øp∂ hm¿Øm-A-P-≠-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv ASpØ teJ-\w.

2011se Ad_vhk¥Øns‚ ]›m-Øew Nq≠n-°mWn-®v, Z¬ln-bn¬ \S∂ AÆm-l-kmsc {]ÿm-\Øns‚ P\-Io-b-k-a-c-ß-fpsS \h-am-[y-a-cm-{„obw A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂p, Dj. bp]n-F-k¿°m-cns‚ hº≥ Agn-a-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v A®-Sn, Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ \nc¥cw \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ kr„n® kmaq-

lym-h-ÿ-Iƒ°ptaemWv t^kv_p-Iv, Szn‰¿ XpS-ßnb kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-ßfpw samss_¬t^m¨ hgn-bp-ff Fkv-Fw-F-kp-Ifpw AÆm-l-km-sc-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Pnlz-I-fmbn amdn-b-Xv. k¿°m¿]-c-ky-ßsf B{i-bn°p∂ ]{X-߃ apX¬ CS-Xv, A°m-Z-anI _p≤n-Po-hnIƒ hsc-bp-f-f-h¿ AÆm-X-cw-KsØ Acm-P-I-hm-Zambpw a[y-h¿K-I-em-]-ambpw Acm-{„o-b-hm-Z-ambpw Fgp-Xn-Ø-f-fn-b-t∏mƒ P\-߃ AXn¬ AWn-tN-cp-Ibmbncp∂p. am[y-a-߃°v, Ah-cpsS hnImcw am\nt°-≠n-h∂p; kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-߃ kr„n® AP≠ ]c-º-cm-K-X- am-[ya߃°v Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠n-h-∂p. ëBtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Im-esØ am[y-ao-IrX cm{„wí F∂ \ne-bn¬ C¥ysb hymJym-\n-°p-IbmWv ASpØ teJ-\-Øn¬, amb. tZio-b-Xbv°p ]pXnb cq]hpw LS-\bpw \n¿Ωn-®p-sIm≠v am[y-a߃ kr„n-°p∂ ëBtKmf C¥ybpsS A]-{K-Y-\ambn amdp-∂p, Cu ]T-\w. {KŸ-Øns‚ apJy-{]-ta-bØns‚ G‰hpw km¿Y-I-amb hni-I-e-\w. am[y-a-tZ-iobX (Media Nationalism) F∂p hnfn-°m-hp∂ Cub-hÿ°v c≠p kp{]-[m\ kµ¿`-ß-fp-≠v, C¥y-bn¬. kzmX-{¥y-]q¿h-˛-tZ-iob {]ÿm-\-Im-esØ ]{X-ßfpsS cm{„-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bmWv H∂m-a-tØ-Xv. lnµnkn\n-abpƒs∏-sS-bp-f-fh \n¿Ωn® C¥y CXn-\-\p-_-‘-ambn amdn. 1990Itfm-sS, apJy-ambpw sSen-hn-j≥ \n¿Ωn°p∂ lnµp-tZ-io-b-X-bmWv c≠m-asØ kµ¿`w. cmam-b-W, alm-`m-cX ]c-º-c-Iƒ sXm´p-Xp-Sßp∂ Cu ë\h-`m-c-X-\n¿ΩnXní \tc-{µ-tam-Zn-bnseØn \n¬°p-∂p. Im¬\q-‰m-≠p-sIm-≠v, ëCe-t{ŒmWnIv Im∏n-‰-enkwí F∂p hnfn-t∏-cp-hoW kzImcy sSen-hn-j≥-˛-\-h-am-[ya hnπ-h-Im-e-Øns‚ BtKmf C¥y-sb, Cu tZio-b-X-bpsS `mK-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv hymJym-\n-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv. {In°‰pw ]pXnb ImesØ h¿Ko-b-kw-L¿j-ßfpw Htc-t]mse Cu

c≠mw-tZ-io-b-Xsb kaq¿Ø-am°n am‰p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

2009˛¬ Hmkvt{S-en-b-bn¬ C¥y≥hwi-P-cmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p-t\sc \S∂ B{I-a-W-]-c-º-c-sb-°pdn®v C¥y≥ Cw•ojv hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ßfpw {ioe-¶bnse Xan-gv{]-iv\-sØ-°p-dn®v Xan-gvam-[y-a-ßfpw \¬Inb dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v amb Cu hn-jbw ka-{K-am-b-]-{K-Yn-°p-∂p. ë]cn-W-an-°p∂ C¥y≥ kaq-l-Ønhm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS ]¶ví F∂XmWv Ah-km-\-te-J-\w. 2012 Unkw-_-dnse Z¬ln Iq´-_-em’w-Khpw sIme-]m-X-Ihpw (\n¿`b) AXns‚ hm¿Øm-am-[y-a{]-Xn-\n-[m-\-ß-fn-eqsS hni-I-e\w sNøp-I-bmWv Dj. ]{X-ßfpw sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-Ifpw \h-kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-epIfpw C¥y-bn-ep-S-\ofw (AÆm-lkm-sc-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-se-∂-t]mse) bphm-°ƒ sXcp-hn-en-dßn `c-WIq-S-ÿm-]-\-߃s°-Xnsc \SØnb hna¿i-\hpw Hcp-t]mse ]c-º-cm-KX cm{„o-b-{]-ÿm-\-ßsf t\m°p-Ip-Øn-Ifm-°nb Imew. Chn-sS-bp-ap-≠m-bn, a[y-h¿K, \K-c-bphm-°-fpsS Xm¬°m-enI hnπ-h-sa∂ hna¿i-\w. ]s£, cm{„o-b-{]-ÿm-\-ßfpw `c-W-Iq-S-ÿm-]-\ßfpw H∂-S¶w Ag-na-Xn-bnepw h¿Ko-b-X-bnepw apßn\n-h-cp∂ ImeØv ëAcm-{„o-b-kw-L-ß-sf∂ hntijWw Hcp Ah-a-Xn-bmbn amdp-∂n√ F∂v \n¿`-b-{]iv\-Øns‚ am[y-a-˛-km-aq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ sXfn-bn°p-IXs∂ sNbvXp. AtX-k-a-bw-X-s∂, enwK-Pm-{K-Xtbm, kzIm-cy-Xtbm a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßtfm ]q¿Æambn \ne-\n¿Ønbpw kwc-£n®pw sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√, ]e am[y-a-ßfpw ]e hm¿Ø-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´p-sN-bvXXv F∂ hna¿i\w _m°n-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Cuhn-[w, Ign™ Im¬\q-‰m-≠n¬ BtKm-fh¬°-c-W-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-I-˛-cm-{„o-b-˛-km-t¶-Xn-I-˛kmw-kvIm-cnI bp‡n-Iƒ C¥y≥ hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-cwKØp kr„n® am‰-ßfpw kzm[o-\-ßfpw {]h-W-XIfpw {]I-º-\-ßfpw {]Xn-\n-[m-\-]-c-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p, Djbpw amb-bpw. Ncn-{X-t_m-[hpw cm{„o-b[m-c-W-bp-ap-ff hm¿Øm-am-[y-a- hn-i-I-e-\-Øns‚ A°m-Z-anI coXn-imkv{X]≤-Xn-Iƒ kp`{Zw ]n¥p-S-cp∂-h-bmWv Cu ]T-\-߃ F∂Xv FSp-Øp-]dbpIXs∂ thWw. am[ya]-T\Øns‚ {it≤-b-amb kaIme amXr-I-I-fmbn amdp-∂p, Hmtcm teJ-\-hpw.

Indian News Media Usha M. Redrigues Maya Ranganathan Sage, 2015, Rs. 895/-

¤

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

{ioi-¶c k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ ae-bmfw A[ym-]-I\mWv teJ-I≥. teJ-Is‚ C˛-sa-bn¬ shajijacob67@gmail.com Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(42)

hn. cmP-tKm-]m]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Dgn-™p-sh® PohnXw ap

∏-Øn-aq-∂p-h¿jw apºv amXr-`q-an-bn¬ s{Sbv\n Bbn tNcp-tºmgmWv hn. cmP-tKm-]m-ens\ ImWp-∂-sX-¶nepw At±-lsØ AXn\pw Btdgv h¿jw apsº-¶nepw Adn-bmw. ]{X-]w-‡n-I-fn¬, hm¿Ø-I-fn¬. sI.-F-kv.bp t\Xm-hv, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n bqWn-b≥ `mc-hm-ln, kvt]m¿Svkv dnt∏m¿´¿. Cu Ipdn∏v Rm≥ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv cmP-tKm-]m¬ ]n≥hmßn aq∂mw Znh-k-am-Wv. Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp-tºmƒ F\n°v Xe-t»-cn-bn¬\n∂v Hcp t^m¨. cma-N-{µ≥ NºmSv F∂v Hcp-Im-eØv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ Ihn. At±lw sI.-F-kv.bp °mct\m kvt]mSvkv hmb-\-°m-ct\m A√.

At±lw cmP-tKm-]m-ens‚ A¥ysØ Ipdn-®mWv At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv. Fßs\-bmWv At±-l-Øn\v cmP-tKm-]m-ens\ Adn-bpI F∂v Rm≥ Btem-Nn°th At±lw ]d-™p˛ ""Hm¿a-bpt≠m ]≠v Xr»q-cn¬ bqWn. bqWn-b≥ \S-Ønb k¿K-kw-hm-Zw... Hm¿a-bp-t≠m...-Rm≥ AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv. cmP-tKm-]m¬ BWv A∂sØ bqWn. bqWn-b≥ sNb¿am≥. Fs¥mcp ssh‰m-en-‰n-bm-bn-cp∂p B sNdp-∏-°m-c≥...'' Rmt\m¿Øp. tIc-f-Øn\v AIØpw ]pd-Øpw -\n∂v FÆ-a‰ Fgp-Øp-Imcpw Iem-Im-c-∑mcpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-ambn Znh-k-ß-tfmfw kwhmZw \S-Ønb ]cn-]m-Sn. AXpt]m-sem∂v ]ns∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∂n-´n-√.

At±-lsØ ac-W-tijw Nne-sc√mw {]ikvX kvt]m¿Svkv teJ-I≥ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hmbn-°p-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C°m-cyØn¬ At±lw Kpcp hnwkn-tb-°mƒ Hmƒdu-≠¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. kvt]m¿Svkv dnt∏m¿´n-ßp-am-bmWv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w XpS-ßn-b-sX-¶nepw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\Øns‚ kI-e-X-e-ß-fnepw At±lw ssIsh-®n-´p-≠v, hnP-b-I-c-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. tImgn-t°mSv _yqtdm No^v F∂ \ne-bn¬ s]mfn-‰n°¬ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ, Gsd lyqa≥ C‚-dÃv tÃmdn-Iƒ, hnI-k-\-dn-t∏m¿´pIƒ. Xnc-s™-Sp∏v dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥ tZi-hym-]-I-ambn k©-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ]{X-Øns‚ F√m t]Pp-Iƒ°pw At±lw Bi-b-߃ kw`m-h\ sNøm-dp≠v. Xs‚ Imew ]n∂n´p Fs∂m-cn-°epw tXm∂n-bn-´n√ At±-l-Øn-\v. hnc-an-°p-∂-Xn\v c≠p-h¿jw apºmWv At±lw hmcm-¥-∏-Xn-∏ns‚ Npa-Xe-tb-‰Xpw \nc-h[n am‰-߃ \S-∏m-°n-b-Xpw. ac-W-Øn\v aq∂p-amkw apºp-hsc At±lw Hfn-ºy≥ F∂ t]cn¬ hmcm-¥-∏-Xn-∏n¬ kvt]m¿Svkv tImfw Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.

AXm-bn-cp∂p cmP-tKm-]m¬. Rm\p-ambn henb {]mb-hy-Xym-k-sam∂p-an-√. ]t£, R߃ ]{X-Øn-se-Øp-tºm-tg°v At±lw amXr-`q-an-bnHcp km∂n[yw Xs∂-bm-bn- amdn-bncp∂p. Rß-fpsS ssKUv Bbn...-tIm-tfPn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ teJ-I-\mb BfmWv cmP-tKm-]m¬. ]Tn∏pw Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(43)

]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw cmjv{So-b-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw Htc ka-bw. BZyw sse\-dm-bn, ]ns∂ Ãm^v teJ-I-\m-bn, _yqtdm No^v Bbn, kvs]j¬ Id-kvt]m-≠‚ v Bbn, U]yq´n FUn-‰¿ Bbn, FIvkn. FUn-‰¿ Bbn...-F√mw tImgn-t°m´v Xs∂. CXn-s\√mw tij-amWv Ipd®v Imew sIm√-tØ°pw tIm´-°-te°pw ÿew-am-dn-t∏m-b-Xv. h¿W-i-_-f-amb hy‡nXzw F∂v Fgp-Xn-°-≠n-´p-≠v. AXmWv CsX∂v cmP-tKm-]m-en-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-hsc ImWp-tºmtg a\- n-em-hq. Hcp-]mSv A]q¿h-X-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ D≠v. A©v h´w HfnºnIvkv Ih¿ sNbvX at‰Xv ae-bm-fn-bp≠v? t`m∏m¬ Zpc¥w dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX F{X teJI¿ tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠v, Ah-cn¬ h¿jw tXmdpw sN∂v AhnSpsØ PohnXw F{X amdn F∂t\z-jn-®-h¿ thsd Bcp≠v? 47 cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]cy-S\w \S-Ønb at‰Xv teJI-\p≠v tIc-fØn¬? hn.-Fw. _me-N-{µ≥ F∂ hnwkn F√m Imcy-Ønepw hn. cmP-tKm-]m-ens‚ Kpcp Bbn-cp-∂p. ]t£, B Xe-ap-d-bn¬ s]´ Hcp ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\v-˛-hnw-kn°v Dƒs∏-sS˛ Hcp h´-sa-¶nepw hntZ-iØv t]mIm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n√ F∂v Hm¿°-Ww. 47 cmPyØv t]mb BfmWv cmP-tKm-]m¬. Fgp-Xn-b-Xn-tesd ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\m-\p-`-h-߃ Fgp-XmsX _m°n sh®n-´mWv cmP-tKm-]m¬ hnS ]d-™-Xv. AXy¥w A]q¿h-X-I-fp≈ Gsd A\p-`-h-߃ At±lw Bth-i-]q¿hw hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv ]e h´w tI´n-´p-≠v. F√mw _m°n-bm-°n.

IΩyq-Wn-k-Øn-s‚bpw tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b-s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Ønse Zpc-¥-\m-b-I-\mb anJm-tb¬ tKm¿_-t®-hns\ At±lw {]i-kvXn-bpsS sImSp-ap-Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ \mfnI≠p-ap-´p-Ibpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX A\p-`hw cmP-tKm-]m¬ ]eh´w hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

AXns‚ Bthiw Gdn-t∏m-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-hptam F∂-dn-bn√ AXv Fgp-Xn-b-tX-bn-√. apJya{¥n C.-sI. \mb-\m¿ tdman¬ t]mbXpw am¿∏m-∏bv°v `K-hZvKoX kΩm-\n-®Xpw henb N¿®bpw hnhm-Z-hp-am-bn-´p≠v tIc-f-Øn¬. ]t£, AXn\p ]n∂nse ck-I-c-amb IY Adnbp∂ GI ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ cmP-tKm-]m¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. F¥v kΩm-\-amWv t]m∏n\v \¬tI-≠Xv F∂v apJy-a{¥n thh-em-Xn-s∏-´-t∏mƒ cmP-tKm-]m¬ BWv `K-hZvKoX FSpØp-sIm-SpØXv! CØ-c-samcp {]Xn-k‘n ap≥Iq´n I≠v BhWw cmP-tKm-]m¬ `K-h-ZvKoX-bp-ambn t]mbXv F∂p t]mepw Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v˛ ImcWw cmP-tKm-]mA{Xbpw Zo¿L-ho-£Ww Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. A√msX KoX hmbn-°p∂ Zpkz-`m-h-sam∂pw ]p≈n°v C√! A∂v ]nW-dmbn hnP-b\pw B bm{Xm-kw-L-Øn-ep-≠m-bncp-∂p. F√m hnhm-Z-߃°n-S-bnepw ]nW-dm-bn°v Hcp tkm^v‰v tIm¿W¿ a\- n¬ cmPtKm-]m¬ kq£n-®n-cp-∂Xv B bm{X-bnse kulr-Z-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {][m-\-a{¥n KpPvdmƒ sXm´v cmPysØ At\-I-a-t\Iw D∂-X-ÿm-\o-b-cp-am-bn, ]{Xm[n-]-∑m-cp-am-bn, D∂-tXm-tZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cp-ambn At±lw kulrZw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-´p-≠v. cmP-tKm-]m-en\v ]e kulr-Z-ßfpw kulr-Z-Øn\p th≠n-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p, hm¿Ø°v th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. B kulr-Z-߃ Hcp]mSv Bfp-Iƒ°v Poh≥ c£m Huj-[-ß-fmbn Nne L´-ß-fn¬ amdm-dp-≠v. F{X t]sc GsX√mw L´-ß-fn¬ c£n-®n-´p≠v F∂v FÆnbm¬ Xocn-√. sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m\pw hn.-Fw. \mbcpw apX¬ aq∂c ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Imew amXr-`q-anbpsS Xe-∏-Øn-cp∂ kI-e-cp-ambpw D‰ kulrZw ]pe¿Ønb Hcp hy‡n cmP-tKm-]mBbn-cn-°pw. hn.-Fw. \mb-cpsS Bcm-[-I≥ Xs∂ Bbn-cp∂p cmP-tKm-]m¬, AXp-t]mse Fw.Un. Bbn-cp∂ IrjvW-tam-l-s‚-bpw. cmP-tKm-]m-ens\ BZy-ambn Hfn-ºnIvkv Ih¿ sNøm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv At±-l-am-Wv. A°m-eØv Hcp `mjm-]-{X-Øn\v ANn-¥y-amb kml-k-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. F√m ]{Xm-[n-]-∑m-cp-sSbpw Ime-sØIp-dn®v hen-sbmcp ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-∂p≠v F∂v cmP-tKm-]m¬ Aev]w kzIm-cy-ambn ]e-h´w ]d-™n-´p-≠v.

AØcw taml-߃ Hcp]mSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hn.-Fw. \mb¿, sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m≥, hn.-]n.B¿, am[-h-≥Ip-´n, Fw.-Un. \me-∏m-Sv, Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿ XpS-ßnb Hmtcm-cp-Øsc Ipdn®pw Hmtcm ]pkvXIw hoXw Fgp-Xm-\p≈ ASp-∏hpw hnh-chpw cmP-tKm-]m-en-\p-≠m-bnPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(44)

cp-∂p. ]t£, F¥p-sImt≠m Fgp-Xn-bn-√. aSn Fs∂mcp tZmjw At±-l-Øn\v C√m-Ø-XmWv. A{]n-b-k-Xy-߃ ]eXpw Fgp-Xm≥ ka-b-am-bn√ F∂p Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°mw. tPW-enkw s{Sbv\n-Iƒ°p≈ BgvN-Iƒ \o≠p-\n∂ Hcp s{Sbv\nMv Iymºns‚ Npa-X-e-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂t∏mƒ F√m Znh-khpw ¢mkv cmP-tKm-]m¬ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂Xv Xs‚ Hcp tPW-enkw A\p`hw hnh-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v ]d™ Imcy-߃ am{Xw aXn Hcp A ¬ ]pkvXIw B°m≥. ]t£, AXpw cmP-tKm-]m¬ Fgp-Xn-bn√. ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bscbpw \º-dp-Iƒ hmßn IrXy-ambn hnfn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw cmP-tKm]m¬. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ \yqkv tkmgvkp-Isf Cßs\ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-sa-∂-Xn-s‚bpw DØ-a -amXr-I... hniz-kn-°ptam F∂-dn-bn-√. \qdp-I-W-°n\p kplr-Øp-°-fpsS t^m¨ \º-dp-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\p lrZn-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p. A™qdv \º-dp-Iƒ t\m°msX ]d-bm≥ Ignbpw F∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-hmZw icntbm sXt‰m F∂v ]co-£n-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. AºsXÆw hsc sX‰msX ]d-bn®v ]co-£n-®n-´p≠v ]e-cpw. hntZ-iØv t]mIp-tºmƒ kplr-Øp°ƒ°v sImSp-°m≥ tImgn-t°m-S≥ Imb -h-dp-ØXpw lep-hbpw At\Iw sNdp s]mXn-Ifmbn ]mbv°v sNbvXv At±lw sIm≠p-t]m-Im-dp-≠v. F\n°v Hcp hntZ-i-bm-{Xbv°v apºv Cu D]-tZiw X∂Xv Hm¿°p-∂p. Hm^o-knse kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ hen-b-h-cm-I-s´, C∂se tPmbn≥ sNbvX s{Sbv\n-I-fm-Is´ At±lw Hcp-t]mse kulrZw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

At±lw acn-®-t∏mƒ ho´n-seØn s]m´n-°-c-™-h-cn¬ Gsdbpw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bn¬ s]´-hcm-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXp-Xmbn tPmbn≥ sNøp-∂-h-cpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ahsc ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Npa-X-e-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Øm≥ F∂pw {ian-®p-t]m-∂p. ]e-scbpw ssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. kml-kn-I-amb ]e Imcy-ßfpw sNøm≥ ss[cyhpw {]tNm-Z\hpw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ kzm[o\w tImgn-t°m-Sns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p≠v At±-lw. ]{X-Øn¬ \S-Ønb ]e Iymsº-bn-\p-I-fmWv \K-c-Øns‚ lrZ-b-`mKw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-b-sX∂v ]gb Ie-IvS¿am-sc¶nepw Hm¿°p-∂p-≠m-hpw. P∑\m Hcp kwLm-S-I\pw t\Xmhpw BWv cmP-tKm-]m¬. sI.-Fkv.bp Ime-Øn-\p-tijw kwL-S\m ÿm\-߃ hln-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb Ign-hpIƒ At±lw sXm´-sX√mw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ D]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. F√m-‰nepw kzbw sNbvXX - n-tesd H∏-ap-≈h - s - c-s°m≠v sNøn-°m≥ At±-lØ - n\p Ign-bm-dp-≠.v \µn-hm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bm≥ Hcp-]mSv _m°n-bp-≠v. ]e¿°pth≠nbpw FUn-‰¿am-tcmSpw amt\-PnMv FUn-‰-tdmSpw ÿew am‰-Øn\pw a‰p ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ°pw At±lw At]-£n-°p∂Xv tI´n-´p-≠v. Ah-cmcpw Xt∂mSv \µn ]d-b-W-sa∂pt]mepw B{K-ln-®n-´n-√. Nne L´-ßfn¬ G‰p-ap-´n-b-h-tcmSv kulrZw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m≥ At±lw Akm-am-\y-amb lrZ-b-hn-imeX {]I-Sn-∏n®p I≠n-´p-≠v. tIcf {]kv A°m-Z-an-bpsS sNb¿am≥ ÿm\-tØ°v amXr-`q-anbn¬\n∂v \n¿t±-in-°-s∏´ Hcp t]cv hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e-nt‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Nne `n∂-X-Iƒ ImcWw At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Kh¨sa‚n\v Ign-™n-√. as‰mcp t]cpw thsd Ft¥m Imc-W-ß-fm¬ \nc-kn-°-s∏-´-t∏m-gmWv F\n°v B Npa-Xe G¬t°-≠n-h-∂-Xv. cmPtKm-]m-e-p-am-bp≈ kulr-ZsØ AXp _m[n-°ptam F∂v Rm≥ `b-∂p. ]t£, A°m-Z-anbpsS P\-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwK-am-Im\pw aq∂v h¿jw lrZbw \nd™ klmbw \¬Im\pw At±lw aSn-®n-√. Hcp]mSv ]pXnb Bi-b-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃ At±lw apt∂m´v sh®-XvHm¿°p-∂p. aoUnb A°m-Zan P\-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwK-am-bn-cn-s°-bmWv At±lw \sΩ ]ncn-™Xv. At±lw Ah-ti-jn-∏n-®p-t]mb \√ Hm¿a-Ifpw amXr-I-Ifpw hcpwImeØpw \ΩpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v IcpØv ]I-c-s´.

F≥. ]n. B¿ ¤ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ap-Xn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw tImf-anÃpw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv teJ-I≥. teJ-Is‚ C˛-sabn¬: npindran@gmail.com Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(45) Bookshelf

New Books @ AcademyLibrary

The Sage Handbook of Risk Communication

by Hyunyi Cho (Editor) Torsten Reimer (Editor) Katherine A. McComas (Editor) Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc; 1 edition (November 13, 2014) 376 pages Price: ` 11,777 In this comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of risk communication, the field’s leading experts summarize theory, current research, and practice in a range of disciplines and describe effective communication approaches for risk situations in diverse contexts, such as health, environment, science, technology, and crisis. Offering practical insights, the contributors consider risk communication in all contexts and applications— interpersonal, organizational, and societal—offering a wider view of risk communication than other volumes. Importantly, the handbook emphasizes the communication side of risk communication, providing integrative knowledge about the models, audiences, messages, and the media and channels necessary for effective risk communication that enables informed judgments and actions regarding risk.

Editors Hyunyi Cho, Torsten Reimer, and Katherine McComas have significantly contributed to the field of risk communication with this important reference work—a must-have for students, scholars, and risk and crisis communication professionals.

Youth and Media

by Andy Ruddock Publisher: SAGE, 2013 232 pages Price: ` 2,398

When societies worry about media effects, why do they focus so much on young people? Is advertising to blame for binge drinking? Do films and video games inspire school shootings?

Tackling these kinds of questions, Youth and Media explains why young people are at the centre of how we understand the media.

Exploring key issues in politics, technology, celebrity, advertising, gender and globalization, Andy Ruddock offers a fascinating introduction to how media define the identities and social imaginations of young people. The result is a systematic guide to how the notion of media influence ‘works’ when daily life compels young people to act out their relationships through media content and technologies.

Complete with helpful chapter guides, summaries and lively case studies drawn from a truly global context, Youth and Media is an engaging and accessible introduction to how the media shape our lives. This book is ideal for students of media studies, communication studies and sociology.

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(46)

A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

\ndw ]nSn-∏n® hm¿Ø-Iƒ A¬∏m-bp-kp-Iƒ: a{¥n ]n.-sP. tPmk^v

tI-cf aoUnbm A°m-Z-anbpw CSp°n {]kv ¢_pw kwbp-‡-ambn {]mtZ-inI am[ya {]h¿ØI¿°mbn kwL-Sn-∏n® ZznZn\ ]cn-io-e\ Iymºns‚ kam-]\ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Pe-hn-`h a{¥n ]n.-sP. tPmk^v k¿´n^n-°‰v hnXcWw sNøp-∂p. sXmSp-]pg: hm¿Ø-I-fpsS ]nd-hn°v {Kma-˛-\-K-c-t`Z-an-s√∂pw {]mtZ-inI am[ya{]h¿Ø-I-cmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hm¿Ø-bpsS thcp-I-sf∂pw Pe-hn-`h a{¥n ]n.-sP. tPmk-^v. hm¿Ø FhnsS P\n-°p∂p F∂X√ AXnse kXy-k-‘-Xbpw IrXy-X-bp-amWv {]iv\w. tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpw CSp°n {]kv ¢_pw kwbp-‡-ambn {]mtZ-inI am[ya{]h¿ØI¿°mbn kwL-Sn-∏n® ZznZn\ ]cn-io-e\ Iymºns‚ kam-]\ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ k¿´n-^n-°‰v hnX-cWw sNbvXv kwkm-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p a{¥n. I®-hS Xm¬]-cy-߃°-∏pdw ]m¿iz-h¬IrX kaq-l-Øns‚bpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsSbpw {]iv\-߃ Db¿Øn-°m-´msX am[y-a-߃°v imizX \ne-\n¬∏n-√. \ndw ]nSn-∏n® hm¿Ø-Iƒ A¬∏m-bpkpIfm-sW∂pw a{¥n tPmk^v Hm¿Ωn-∏n®p. Iymºn¬ ]s¶-SpØ 50 {]mtZ-inI am[ya{]h¿ØI¿°v a{¥n k¿´n-^n-°‰v \¬In. tIm¿∏-td‰v Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS Cc-I-fmbn amdp∂ am[y-a-߃ kXy-Øns‚ ]£Øp\n∂pw AIem≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-Ip-I-bm-sW∂v NS-ßnPq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

A[y£w hln® tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿ØI bqWnb≥ P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn F≥. ]Zva-\m-`≥ Nq≠n-°m-´n. kmaqly {]Xn-_-≤-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]wsIm≠ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw C∂v apX-emfn Xm¬]-cy-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-߃ am{X-ambn amdnbXmbpw ]Zva-\m-`≥ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn. sXmSp-]pg ap≥kn-∏¬ sNb¿am≥ F. Fw. lmcnZmWv ZznZn\ ]cn-io-e-\-Iym-ºns‚ DZvLm-S\w \n¿∆-ln®-Xv. tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan sNb¿am≥ sk¿Pn B‚Wn A[y-£X hln-®p. A°m-Zan sk{I-´dn Fw.-F-kv. Aen-°p-™v, {]kv ¢_v sk{I´dn lmcokv apl-Ω-Zv, A°m-Zan Akn- v sk{I´dn F≥.-]n. kt¥m-jv, Iymºv tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\‰¿ F≥. cmtP-jv, ssj\kv am¿t°mkv F∂n-h¿ {]kw-Kn-®p. Iymºn¬ F≥.-]n. cmtP-{µ≥ (am[y-a-cwKsØ [m¿Ωn-IX), Sn.-sI. cmP-tKm-]m¬ (hm¿Ø-IfpsS ae-bmfw), B¿. ]m¿hXotZhn (am[y-a-ß-fnse kv{Xo), H.-sI. apc-fo-Ir-jvW≥ (\nb-ahpw am[yaßfpw), AUz.-Un.-_n. _n\p (hnh-cm-h-Imiw am[y-a-]£ km[y-X-Iƒ) F∂n-h¿ ¢mkp-Iƒ \bn-®p.

(47)

C≥^¿taj≥ hIp∏pw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-anbpw kwbp-‡-ambn kwL-Sn-∏n® "Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdphpw Bkq-{XW kº-Zvhy-hÿbpw' F∂ skan-\m-dn¬ t\mh-enÃv sI. F¬. taml\h¿Ω kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

F.-F. l°nw aoUnb A°m-Zan sk{I-´dn tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan sk{I-´-dn-bmbn C≥^¿ta-j≥ ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv U]yq´n Ub-d-IvS¿ F.-F. l°nw Npa-X-e-tb-‰p. kwÿm\ dqd¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ _yqtdm No^v Hm^o-k-dm-bn-cp-∂p. C≥^¿ta-j≥ tIm´bw doP-W¬ U]yq´n Ub-d-IvS¿, Be-∏p-g, sIm√w, tIm´-bw, ]Ø-\w-Xn´ F∂n-hnS-ß-fn¬ Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿, Imbw-Ipfw Fw.-F-kv.-Fw. tImtf-Pn¬ eIvNd¿, hnhn[ ]{X-ß-fn¬ k_v FUn-‰¿ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. tÉv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v dqd¬ Uh-e]v-sa‚ v, hnI-k\ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-߃, sF.-Fw.Pn., tIm´bw {]kv ¢∫v F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hnkn‰nwKv ^m°¬‰n-bmWv.

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan `c-W-k-anXn sNb¿am≥: sk¿Pn B‚Wn (Zo-]n-I) sshkv sNb¿am≥: sI. kn. cmP-tKm-]m¬ (at\m-c-a) kanXn AwK-߃: Fw. Fkv. chn (tI-c-f-Iu-ap-Zn), F≥. cmtPjv (am-[y-aw), sI. Fw. tdmbv, kn. F≥. taml-\≥ (tZ-im-`n-am-\n), ]n. kpPm-X≥, t__n amXyp (Po-h≥ Snhn), C. ]n. jmPp-±o≥ (aw-K-fw), Fkv. _nPp (Gjym-s\‰v \yqkv), sNdp-Ic kÆn eqt°mkv (tIc-f-i_vZw), sP. Fkv. Cµp-Ip-am¿ (P-bvlnµv Snhn), Sn. B¿. a[p-Ip-am¿ (tZ-im-`n-am\n hmcn-I), _nPp h¿§okv (aw-K-fw), Fw.-]n. kqcy-Zmkv (amXr`qan), hn. F. kenw (am[yaw), ]n. ]n. kÆn (Zo]nI), It°m-S≥ apl-Ω-Zv, Ub-d-IvS¿ (]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), sk{I-´dn (^n\m≥kv Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v), sk{I´dn (P\-d¬ AUvan-\n-t{Ãj≥) sk{I-´dn: F. F. l°ow, Akn. sk{I-´dn: F≥. ]n. kt¥mjv

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(48)

temI- am[ya kzX-{¥y-Zn-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ kwL-Sn-∏n® NS-ßntIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan ap≥ sNb¿am-≥ F≥. ]n. cmtP-{µ≥ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

temI- am[ya kzX-{¥y-Zn-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ kwL-Sn-∏n® NS-ßnAUz. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

{]kn-≤o-I-cn°pw ap≥]v hm¿Ø-bpsS hniz-k-\o-bX Dd∏phcp-ØWw: F≥.-]n. cmtP-{µ≥ Im°-\mSv: {]kn-≤o-I-cn°pw ap≥]v hm¿Ø-bpsS hniz-k-\o-bX Dd∏phcp-Ø-W-sa∂v tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan ap≥ sNb-¿am≥ F≥. ]n. cmtP-{µ≥ ]d-™p. C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t°-js‚ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \S∂ temI am[ya kzmX{¥y Zn\m-tLm-j-Ønam[ya kzmX{¥yw, am[ya [¿Ωw F∂o hnj-b-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am°n apJy-{]-`m-jWw \SØp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.

P\-ß-fpsS Ah-k-c-k-a-Xz-Øn-\mbn \ne-sIm-≈pI F∂XmWv am[ya [¿Ωw. Zp¿_e hn`m-K-߃°mWv {]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠Xv. ]{X-kzm-X-{¥y-sa-∂Xv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-tS-Xp-am-{Xa-s√∂pw P\-ß-fp-tSXp IqSn-bm-sW∂pw At±lw ]d-™p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w al-Xz-ap≈ {]h¿Øn-bmWv. ]d-bp∂ alXzw C∂pt≠m F∂v ]cntim-[n-°-W-sa∂v AUz. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ ]d-™p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ am\p-jn-I-aqeyw ImØp-kq-£n-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏´ At±lw kao-]-Im-eØv A¥-cn® am[ya {]h¿ØIsc A\p-kva-cn®p kwkm-cn-®p. sXmgn-emfn Zn\sØ Bkv]-Z-am°n \S-Ønb t^mt´m-{Km^n a¬k-c-Øn¬ hnP-bn-I-fm-b-h¿°v sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ kΩm-\-߃ hnX-cWw sNbvXp. tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan HmUn-t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® NS-ßn¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyqWn-t°-j≥ Ub-d-IvS¿ Fw. cma-N-{µ≥, Akn- v sk{I-´dn F≥. ]n. kt¥m-jv, ^m°¬‰n AwKw sI. tla-e-X, ssj\kv am¿t°mkv XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(49)

A¥m-cm-jv-{S sXm-gn¬ kw-L-S-\-bp-sS k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS tI-c-f aoUn-b A-°m-Z-anbpw C-¥y≥ {]-hm-kn ]T-\-tI-{µhpw tI-c-f-Øn-se am[y-a hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°m-bn ë"am-[y-a-ßfpw {]-hm-kn-Ifpw' F-∂ hn-j-b-Ønkw-L-Sn-∏n® G-IZn-\ in¬-∏-im-e {]apJ {]hmkn kmlnXyImc≥ s_\yman≥ D-Zv-LmS-\w sNøp∂p

{]hmknIƒ tIcfkwkvImcØnepw `mjbnepw kmlnXyØnepw D≠m°nb kzm[o\w Xncn®dnbWw: s_\yman≥ {]hmknIƒ tIcf kwkvImcØnepw `mjbnepw kmlnXyØnepw D≠m°nb kzm[o\w Xncn®dnbWsa∂v {]apJ {]hmkn kmlnXyImc≥ s_\yman≥ ]d™p. A¥m-cm-jv-{S sXm-gn¬ kw-LS-\-bp-sS k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS tI-c-f aoUn-b A-°m-Z-anbpw C-¥y≥ {]-hm-kn ]T-\-tI-{µhpw tI-c-f-Øn-se am[y-a hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°m-bn "am-[y-a-ßfpw {]-hm-kn-Ifpw' F-∂ hn-j-b-Øn¬ kw-L-Sn-∏n® G-IZn-\ in¬∏-im-e aoUn-b A-°mZ-an lm-fn¬ D-Zv-LmS-\w sNbvXv kw-km-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. {]hmknIƒ tIcfØn¬ FØn°p∂ÛkºØns\°pdn®p≈ N¿®Iƒ kPohamWv. F∂m¬ Ah¿ A\p`hn°pÛ hnhn[Xeßfnse {]iv\߃ am\pjnI XeØn¬ ImWm\pw \ap°v IgnbWw. {]hm-k PohnX߃ ASbmfs∏SpØp∂Û kmlnXyIrXnIƒ aebmfØnepw N¿®sNøs∏Sp∂p F∂Xv kzmKXm¿lamWv. tIc-f-Øn-se kº-Zv hyh-ÿ-bn¬ {]-hm-kn kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS ]-¶v {i-t≤-b-amWv. Kƒ^nte°p≈ aebmfnIfpsS Hgp°v Ipd™p F¶nepw adp\m´nte°p≈ IpSntb‰w h¿[n°pIbmsW∂v At±lw ]d™p. {]hmknIƒ tIcfØns‚ ]cºcmKX hyhÿnXnIsf XI¿Øpsh∂v NSßn¬ apJy {]`mjWw \SØnb ap≥ Fw.F¬.F. ]n.Sn.Ip™naplΩZv ]d™p. tIcfØn¬ \n∂p≈ {]hmknIfptSXn\v kam\amb AhÿbmWv Ct∏mƒ tIcfØnseØp∂Û A\ykwÿm\ sXmgnemfnIƒ A`napJoIcn°p∂Xv. ChtcmSv am[ya߃ Ipd®pIqSn am\pjnI XeØn¬ CSs]SWsa∂v At±lw ]d™p. {]hmknIfpsS ]Ww am{Xa√, PohnXhpw Bfls\mºchpw Xncn®dnbm\p≈ {iaw IqSn th-W-sa∂v NSßn¬ A≤y£X hln® A°mZan sNb¿am≥ sk¿Pn B‚Wn ]d™p. {]ap-J am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-Icm-b ap-km-^¿ A-l-ΩZv, h¿-Ko-kv tIm-in, ]n.F.Fw.lm-cnkv, sI.Fkv.B¿.ta-t\m≥ F-∂n-h¿ ¢m- p-Iƒ \-bn-®p. sFF¬H {]-Xn-\n-[n ko-X i¿-Ω Biw-kb¿-∏n®p. {]hm-kn ]T-\-tI{µw U-b-d-Œ¿ d-^o-°v dm-hp-Ø¿ kzm-K-X-hpw A-°mZ-an C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-´v U-b-d-Œ¿ Fw.cm-a-N{µ≥ N-S-ßn¬ \-µnbpw ]d™p.

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(50)

temIw I≠ hc A¥¿t±iob am[yacwKsØ {]ikvXamb Im¿´qWpIsf ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbmWv Cu ]w‡nbn¬. amXr`qan Im¿´qWnÃmb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch Xncs™SpØv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

tPm sl√¿ 1954 HmKÃv 17\v hnkvtIm¨kn-\nse HmjvtIm-jn-emWv tPm sl√-¿ P\n-®-Xv. 1985 apX¬ 2013 hsc {]i-kvX-amb {Ko≥ t_ {]kv Kk-‰ns‚ FUn-t‰m-dn¬ Im¿´q-Wn-Ãm-bn-cp∂p sl√¿. {]kv Kk-‰ns‚ DS-a-ÿ-\mb K∂‰v \S-Ønb Iq´ ]ncn-®p-hn-S-en-s\-Øp-S¿∂mWv 2013sl√-dn\p tPmen \jvS-s∏-´-Xv. {]kv Kk-‰n¬ tPmen-bn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xn\p apºv shÃv s_≥Uv sUbven \yqknse Im¿´q-Wn-Ãmbpw sl√¿ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. tKm]oIrjvWsâ Cþsabvð: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com Printed and Published by N. P. Santhosh, On behalf of the Secretary, Kerala Media Academy, Published from Kerala Media Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: Sergy Antony Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(51)

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ \nb-a-k-`mk-µ¿i\ thf-bn¬ apJy-a{¥n DΩ≥ Nm-≠n-°pw a{¥n sI.kn tPmk-^n\pw H∏w

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015

(52) Media Monthly | June-July 2015 | ` 20/- | RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/01676

Pq¨-˛-Pqsse 2015