The Cultural Engine

THE CULTURAL ENGINE A co-created transformation of H. C. Ørstedværket

Laj Karsten Rasmussen 2020 # 150351 Urbanism & Societal Change The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts

Table of Content

Laj Karsten Rasmussen 150351 Institute: Institute for Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape (IBBL) Unit: Urbanism and Societal Change Tutor: Morten Kjer Jeppesen Unit Directors: Deane Simpson and Charles Bessard Summer 2020

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Executive summary PROGRAM

Societal change

Challenges & opportunities

Project site

Project program

Project scale & deliverables

SITE

Urban context

Site data

Site history

Site context

Site photos

Site analysis

VISION

Organization Strategy

The Boiler House

Plan

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8 18 20 24

28 32 36 54 58 86

92 94 118 126

Visualization

128

Bibliography

148

Figure list

Coda & CV

150 151

Executive summary

The opening of the Guggenheim Bilbao Museum

in 1997 and its unexpected success, not only meant the unofficial goodbye to the traditional industrial harborfront in cities worldwide - it also indirectly the kickstart of the global urbanisation and the international strive for being the most liveable city on Earth. With radical demographic changes, neo-liberal urban development and culture as a marketing tool, many distressed capitals in the early 90s which was on the edge of bankruptcy, wanted to reform into post-industrial science,- and culture capitals, as Bilbao did.

Copenhagen too was facing an economic and social crisis in the 90s, and quickly joined the club of international liveability competition, by undergoing a radical transformation - and even won the title of being the most liveable city multiple times. Although the shadow sides of winning the liveability game, was not only rising housing prices, inequality, and radical demographic changes - it was also the irreversible loss of cultural diversity and demolishing of smaller communities, in the name of liveability.

By raising the question ‘culture for who?’ this project attempts to investigate ways of stabilizing the cultural imbalances and uniformity, caused by the this transformation. The projects context, will be the area of Sydhavnen, which has suffered the biggest social and cultural consequences of the transformation.

With a critically inclining pressure for common cultural spaces for all - and the use of culture, community and collaboration as a tools for co-creation, this projects vision is to transform the power plant H. C. Ørstedsværket from a industrial engine to a cultural engine, in order to meet the cultural demands of the, locals, the citizens and the 21st century.

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Fig. 1

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PROG

GRAM

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Societal change

Welcome to the fourth industrial revolution

We have entered a new era highly defined by interconnectedness. With a foundation built on the previous three industrial revolutions, the fourth will completely change and blur the boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. Even though we have only seen the very beginning of it, it is set to change society unlike anything we’ve seen so far (Schwarb, K., 2016).

The accelerating technological developments of artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT) or automation are just some of the 21st century’s complexities we will have to learn and navigate within. On top of that comes dealing with the urban societal changes like the declining welfare budgets for the self same institutions, growing urbanisation, inclining inequality, and a neoliberal real estate market.

Although the new technologies have the potential key to achieve an actual open democracy, and active citizenship, where participatory making of the urban commons, the upscaling of our notion of what a community “I would argue there’s a is, will slowly moves us from an individual to a new class of 21st century business will not be about collective worldview (Johar, I., 2019). The new challenges, new technologies and therefore private value - it will be the acknowledgement of how interdependent about financing common we all are on each other at a societal level value through massive interaction points and con- (Johar, I., 2018), may cause a disruption, where lifelong learning and re-education isn’t tracting.” an unlikely future.

Indy Johar, 2019

In order to be able to learn, unlearn and relearn things, the neuroplasticity of our brain’s natural ability to form and reorganize its pathways as a result of new connections, change of environments, and experiences will be crucial (Stanford webpage). That means that our cultural needs of the 21st century is under change, and that our relation to work, education, living, leisure and culture, might radically recode the traditional institutions (Recoded city, pp. 06) - and their spaces - as we know them, and blur the lines between these categories, in what is often referred to as the four c’s.

Welcome to the interesting times of the fourth industrial revolution, where the pollution has moved out of the cities, and science-, and culture has moved in.

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Industrial revolutions 1st starting in 1760s

FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STARTING IN 1760

WATER & STEAM POWER Mechanization & steam power

TALENT

PHYSICAL LABOR, BASIC ENGINEERING LEARN A SKILL

2nd around 1900

FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY

MASS PRODUCTION & Mass production & ELECTRICITY electricity BUSINESS, REDUCE RISK, STANDARDIZATION, CERTAINTY

3rd started in 1970s

THRID INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STARTED IN 1970

Automation & IT systems

AUTOMATION & IT SYSTEMS

DEEP EXPERTISE, DISCIPLINARY, STEM

4th 2010s - now

FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 2010 AND ONWARDS

CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS & Cyberphysical systems INTERNET OF THINGS & Internet of Things LEARNING AGILITY, ADAPTABILITY, EMPATHY, TRANS-DISCIPLINARY,

Lifelong learning Education now

Education in the future

Creativity

The four C’s

Critical thinkingg

Communication

Collaboration

Brain plasticity

Left vs right

Fluid

Top-down

Bottom-up

Bottom-up communities

Fig. 2

Societal change

The transformation of the post-industrial harbor

In 1997, the opening of a Guggenheim Museum branch filial in Bilbao, in northern spain by the architect Frank Gehry, marked a point in history, from where the repurposing of the post-industrial harbor waterfronts around the world started get to transformed. It was a symbol, not only of the unofficial goodbye to the traditional harbor industry, but also an experimental urban strategy of how a declining industrial city submerged in a deep economic, environmental and social crisis, can turn around within a very few years. As a result of taxes from the unexpected boom in visitors in Bilbao, the cost of the museum was paid back in less three years, and even left something over. In 2019, the museum received over one million visitors, of whom at least half where from abroad (The Economist, 2018).

The phenomenon of the formula whereby a cultural investment combined with showy architecture equals an economic uplift for a city, is now being referred to as ‘The Bilbao Effect or ‘The Guggenheim Effect’ (The Economist, 2018). It quickly gained a lot of international attention and acclaim, and left architects and urban planners all over the world trying to mimic the effect, however similar projects in other post-industrial cities have not had the expected impact.

Nonetheless, did it inspire a lot of other greater cities to follow through, and within a few years, the world has seen a boom in opera houses and other flashy culture institutions, popping up on every post-industrial waterfront.

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GUGGENHEIM BILBAO

What if people created culture rather than visited culture?

What if large culture institutions was curated by its users?

Fig. 3

Societal change

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International competitive cities

The post-industrial cities, does not only compete for tourists, but also about who’s the most liveable. In recent years a whole industry of different competitive index charts and rankings has popped up claiming to be measuring which city performs the best in this new international competition (Simpson, D. , 2019) . In attempting to top the annually “Building a “liveable” released lists, cities are regularly making city means flexing your general improvements of themselves municipal muscles.” to make them even more desirable. In other words appear more ‘liveable’, so CityLab, 2018 to speak.

“Architecture used to be about the creation of community, and making the best effort at symbolizing that community. Since the triumph of the market economy in the late 1970s, architecture no longer expresses public values but instead the values of the private sector. (...) With safety and security as selling points, the city has become vastly less adventurous and more predictable.

Rem Koolhaas, 2014

Liveability has in the last fifteen years been used as an umbrella term that very superficially describes the quality of life in a city’s cultural offers, urban development, sustainability, politics, economic and overall modern progress, but are measured in a very subjective way. Nonetheless has the desire for ‘liveability’ even started to become used a top-down metric design regime in todays architecture and urban development (Simpson, D. , 2019), which in objectively sounds like something very approachable to everyone. Who doesn’t want to be able to live? The problem is though, that it also has become an empty word, used by the private sector as a marketing tool.

Although the strive to build a more smart “There is growing recogniand liveable city, does not necessarily tion that we get much more benefit the existing local and cultural in return if there are actual life. In many cases, using showy culture spaces where self-orgahouses as a tool for city marketing, nizing initiatives in the city creates an imbalanced uniform culture, can feel home. All the lofty where smaller communities and less words about welfare, liveinstagrammable sub-cultures, usually ability and sustainability are gets pushed out in order to appear tidier, just branding of cities and for both tourists, potential new citizens architecture, and ultimately, and liveability criteria. This cultural loss, it counts for nothing” creates a distorted and predictable monotome city.

Kathrin Gimmel, 2019

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What are the cultural consequences of liveability?

RANKINGS

2019 _ 1st Number one city visit in 2019, Lonely Planet 2019 _ 1st “Most Liveable City”, ECA International 2019 _ 3rd Deutsche Bank Liveability Survey 2019 _ 9th “Most Liveable City in the World”, Economist Intelligence Unit 2019 _ 2nd “Most Liveable City in Europe, Economist Intelligence Unit 2016 _ Most Liveable City, Metropolis 2016 _ 4th most liveable city in the world, Monocle Magazine 2016 _ 1st Copenhagen is the winner of “Best City”, Wallpaper 2016 _ Copenhagen in top 10 best cities for W, Mercer 2016 _ 2nd on the Global Destination Sustainability Index 2015 _ 3rd on Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index, Arcardis 2015 _ 4th Most Dynamic City in Europe, City Momentum Index 2015 _ 8th in Quality of Living, Mercer 2015 _ 1st Bicycle City, Copenhagenize 2015 _ 15th Innovation City, TM Index 2014 _ 1st World’s Greenest City, GGEI 2014 _ 1st Green Economy Leader Report on Copenhagen, LSE 2014 _ 1st Copenhagen wins a World Smart Cities Award 2014 _ 1st in CNN’s Top 10 Healthies Cities 2014 _ 1st on “10 smart cities in Europe” list, Fast Company 2014 _ 6th best city i the world for sport, Sportcal 2014 _ 1st World’s “Most Liveable City”, Monocle Magazine 2012 _ 9th Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey 2010 _ 11th Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey 2010 _ 8th Innovation Cities, TM Index 2009 _ 1st European Green City, Siemens 2008 _ Copenhagen Recognised as Future Innovative City 2008 _ 11th Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey 2004 _ 2nd: Quality of Living, MERCER

OF

LIVEABILITY

Livebility culture for who?

Fig. 4

Societal change

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The transformation of Copenhagen

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% of social housing areas

Copenhagen is not an exception High degree of social to this competitive phenomenon. Actually, housing areas the exact opposite is the case. On a Very low or zero degree of quantitative level, Copenhagen can almost social housing areas call itself the winner of this competition, with the title of being ‘the most liveable city in 2 % of highly educated people the world’ rewarded multiple times (Weiss, High degree of highly K. L, 2019). Copenhagen was facing a educated people similar crisis as Bilbao, and around the year Very low or zero degree of 1990, Copenhagen’s population dropped highly educated people to a historic low, almost leading to the city declaring itself bankrupt (Weiss, K. L, 2019).

The city was in lack of good taxpayers and 3 % of newcomers between 2004 and 2017 was desperate for change and survival. In an attempt to attract people and companies = Sydhavnen that could help Copenhagen out of its economic crisis, the municipality looked outwards and got inspired by a two things: firstly, the post-Thatcher ideologies (Weiss, K. L, 2019) of a more neo-liberal approach to city development, since it seemed to as a great economic driver for other capitals like London and New York. Secondly, the use of improved infrastructure and large cultural venues as a clear symbol of for the transition from the industrial city into a cultureand science city.

To kitckstart that process, the company City & Port was founded. The part state owned, part municipal owned organ’s main agenda is to sell off public land for the highest possible price in order to pay back the debt of the metro system, even it is a public owned company.

In order to maximize that profit of “The city’s historical role as the sold off plots, the local planning melting pot and a generous legislation was made very liberal concentration of hungry in its approach to programming of talent and a diversity the site to make them appear more of life is fundamentally attractive to the developers (City & challenged by the general Port, 2019). That approach to urban economic development development, has caused some that is pricing large groups areas of Copenhagen to have social of citizens out of the city segregations like never before in its centre and creating a history. as for the case of Sydhavnen much more uniform urban where there is an almost physical population” border of demographics between the old and new build areas.

Kristoffer Lund Weiss, 2019

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Fig. 5

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Fig. 7

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Fig. 6

Bispebjerg Brønshøj/ Husum

12%

11%

4.562

22%

Østerbro/ Nordhavn

15%

10.004

10.457

Nørrebro

Vanløse

9%

6.465

Indre by/ Christianshavn

23%

4.466

10.296

Valby

18%

8.401

Vesterbro/ Sydhavnen

28%

14.323

Amager Vest

Amager Øst

17%

8.071

51%

23.238

Societal change

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The local price of liveability

The transformation of Copenhagen turned out to be a success, and the city is objectively a better place to live today, compared to twenty five years ago. But it might have an equal - if not greater - failure to it (Weiss, K. L, 2019).

Since the urban development in Copenhagen is now mainly dominated by City & Port’s need to make money and pay off its growing debt, it has become a social sanctioning machine. One which accelerates the change in demographics, economic imbalances and overall inequality in the city with the creation of its huge monofunctional pieces of housing-only areas, where cultural options is almost non-existing, or either completely left in order to get back a quick profit.

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Arken, Ishøj, 1996

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H. C. Ørstedsværket, 1920

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BLOX, 2018

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Den Sorte Diamant, 1999

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Skuespilhuset, 2008

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Vandkulturhuset, 202?

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Operaen, 2005

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Svanemølleværket, 1953

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Turbinehallen, 1900

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Louisiana, Humlebæk, 1996 Pladehallen The area of Sydhavnen Public libraries Cultural houses run by Copenhagen Municipality High degree of cultural

2 0 05

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e ra en

1 9 99

3

ia ma n t

2 0 18

LO X

South of Copenhagen

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1 9 20

1 9 96

A rk en

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v ær ke t

The current urban development tends to options per person erase ‘uglier’ cultural environments, in orVery low or zero degree of der to build housing for a more liveable cultural options per person city, causing irreversible losses to hapCity & Port’s development pen. As the map shows, there is a tend areas only to develop larger cultural venues at the very central post-industrial waterfront in I think it’s important to heavy contrast, to the areas that has expeexamine how and where rienced the most growth at the same time. everyday life and its communities unfold in order This project does not try recall the lost ‘uglito be able to discover er’ cultures, but acknowledges that the less the potentials and create prettier sides of a city, contributes imporspaces that invite diverse tantly to its overall crucial cultural diversity communities” for the city. Apparently, the cultural price for liveability is top-down planned culture in Dan Stubbergaard, 2019 the city centre as - but culture for who?

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The post-industrial wate

ilh us e t

erfront of Copenhagen

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20 2 ?

rh us et

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1 9 53

v ĂŚrk e t

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1 90 0

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North of Copenhagen

1 95 8

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i s ia na

Fig. 8

ha ll en

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Fig. 9

Challenges & opportunities

Localism and the history of Pladehallen The combination of the post 1990s top“Vores nye vision for byen down masterplanning, the private sectors ”Fællesskab København” heavy influence on the present urban slår fast, at vi skal lytte planning, the absence of local protective til københavnerne, når vi policy making and the overall decline udvikler byen. I denne sag in welfare budgets (source: danmarks kunne københavnernes statistic), puts an immense pressure and ønske ikke være klarere: disruption on original local culture,- and De vil have en løsning, der communities in existing areas. The absence gavner hele byen, Derfor er jeg på københavnernes the of non-commercial local cultural meeting vegne selvfølgelig skuffet points, for all classes of society, clashes with over flertallets beslutning.” the general welfare ideological backbone of which modern era “Urban architecture and Copenhagen is built upon - as programmes have to be Morten Kabell, 2016 broad enough to make well as the cultural needs of the room for homeless people, fourth industrial revolution. students, families and everybody else. Then we can In the publication and vision for 2025, Co-create co-create.”

Copenhagen, released by the Copenhagen Municipality in 2015, the municipality requests a Tina Saaby, 2019 lot more bottom-up participatory placemaking, in order to avoid the same mistakes made with the strict top-down planning of the many last years transformation of the post-industrial city - and the demographic,- and cultural imbalances it caused. The title concludes and says it all; the future of Copenhagen is co-created!

In the top-down planning model, a lot of the budgeted money is usually spent on the process. A more balanced bottom-up/top-down placemaking not “We should regulate only make the process a lot cheaper. It aspects where it generates also creates a feeling of belonging of the value to do so; in other individual in the collective cultural space. areas we should step back To do so, much more experimental and to avoid overregulating. dynamic urban strategies are needed, with We need to strike the less public consultations and more a ‘adright balance. One of the hocism’ and DIY participatory placemaking challenges is to strike a balance between top-down - where everyone no matter cultural and bottom-up approaches background, intellect or class has a say and make room for both in and a stake. The history of Pladehallen is a the city.” perfect example of a challenge where the speculative market’s hunger for economic Tina Saaby, 2019 capital supresses the citizens need for cultural capital.

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19 FÆLLESSKAB KØBENHAVN

2010: A self-organised local group unites to formulate a document to the municipality, in which they wish for a space for cultural activities, and cheap artist housing with open ateliers. They decide on the former industrial building, Pladehallen to be their culture house, instead of tearing it down to build housing, saying that they were lured into the area with the promise of a new cultural house.

2015: The plans of a culture house in Pladehallen gets cancelled

2010 VISION FOR 2025 Københavns Kommune Teknik og Miljø

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 2016: The protests worked, and the locals gets promised their culture house 2018: Second application from locals til municipality, since there is no culture house yet 2018: The area of Pladehallen and H. C. Ørstedsværket becomes a part of the cultural loop, Havneringen 2020: The development of Jernbanebyen, and 7,000 new citizens in the future gets confirmed. Puts an even bigger pressure on a culture house for all kinds of people

2017

2018

2019

2016: Massive protests from locals due to the cancellation

2017: The promise of a culture house gets massively compromised, due to real estate housing pressure 2019: First folkemøde of Sydhavnen, arranged by bottom-up powers. The chief architect gives a speak 2019: First residents move into Pladehallen

2020 2020: Still no culture house Fig. 11

Project site

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H. C. Ørstedsværket

On the site almost next to Pladehallen, is the industrial power plant, H. C. Ørstedsværket, which due to the new Amager Bakke power plant, slowly will shut down from the year 2026. The unknown future for the power plant has already resulted in speculations and headlines, such as “H.C. Ørstedsværket can become apartments”, (K. Pedersen, M., 2017) and “Noise from H.C. Ørstedsværket can disturb new canal city”. (Marfelt, B., 2014) But is more housing really what Enghave Brygge needs?

Due to the overprogramming of Enghave Brygge, is H. C. Ørstedsværket the only opportunity for something else than housing happening on a larger scale - and paradoxically on a more cultural note, did the site around H. C. Ørstedsværket, use to host smaller independent cultural communities. Fx. the art house boat collective, Illutron, and Europe’s longest graffiti wall.

It has just been confirmed that typological twin of H. C. Ørstedsværket’s, Svanemølleværket will be transformed into a huge museum in the coming years.

What if H. C. Ørstedværket went from being an industrial engine to becoming a cultural engine?

Fig. 10

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Fig. 11

Project program

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Vision

Instead of turning it into an museum alike industrial monument of the past, or Copenhagen’s most unique and luxurious ownership apartments, as some media has already suggested, my vision is to transform H. C. Ørstedsværket from an industrial engine to a cultural engine. The idea is to transform it over time, in a co-creational balance between interests of topdown and bottom-up organizations, the cultural engine will not only meet the new needs and demands of the 21st century, it will also produce them. This project does not seek to solve the current issues of demographic changes, but creating a common ground for people to meet in order to blur up the “Cities have the capability social division, created by lack of such of providing something for spaces. With the words of Jane Jacobs everybody, only because, and only when, they are in mind, the vision of the project is to created by everybody.” work as a programmatic meta-design, and a starting point from which the Jane Jacobs, 1961 potential cultural needs of the citizens can take place.

What if something unique could occur by the cultural engines ability to informally placing different cultural environments and communities next to each other, rather Complelely than isolating them? And if doing so, could it maybe even bottom-up produce them?

3 Complelely bottom-up

Balanced

Balanced

1920 - 2026

2026 - ?

Industrial engine

1920 - 2026

Providing energy to the city

Cultural engine

2026 - ?

Providing culture to the city

Industrial engine

Cultural engine

Providing energy to the city

Providing culture to the city

Complelely bottom-up

Complelely bottom-up

Class

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O

2026

2036

Development over time

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35

20 O

O

-down

Completely top-down

2034

2028

1920 - 2026

O

Balanced

202

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2026 - ?

O

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3

Cultural engine

d

= Selected site

20 Completely top-down

2026 - ?

= Unavailable building

Program concept

Cultural engine Mixing municipal,- and self organised functions along Providing culture to the city other and making use each of one another

2031

Providing energy toself the city Mixing municipal,and organised functions along each other and making use of one another

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Industrial engine concept Providing culture to the cityProgram

Balanced

Completely bottom-up

tom-up

Completely bottom-up

Informal Formal

introvert Very introvert Very

Informal

Vision Vision

extrovert Veryextrovert Very

Vision

extrovert Very Classical local culture house Classical local culture house

The Flexible TheCultural Cultural Engine Engine

introvert Very BilbaoEffect Effectculture culture house Bilbao house

ultural Engine

BilbaoMostly Effect culture house for locals Mostly for locals

For others Forboth both locals locals and others

Classical local culture house Mostlyforforother other than locals Mostly than locals

ocals and others

Mostly for other than locals

Mostly for locals

Vision

The Cultural Eng

For both locals and Fig. 15

Project scale & deliverables*

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Architectural scale 1:1000 / 1:500 or similar Volume and outdoor programmatic studies of the outdoor spaces and buildings on the site.

This could be represented through diagrams, drawings and model

Fig. 16

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Selected zoom-in 1:200 or similar Zoom-ins of selected elements of the project to explore spatial dimensions, flow and functions of the buildings.

This could be represented through spatial visualizations, drawings and model.

Fig. 17

* The project scale and deliverables were set before COVID-19

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SIT

TE

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Urban context

Infrastructure

Green bike routes

Metro routes

Metro stations

Regional train routes

Havneringen

Sydhavnen metro route opening in 2024

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Local culture houses

Libraries

Public schools

Selected site

200 m

Demography

Urban context Vulnerable areas

Low income areas

High income areas

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Local culture houses

Libraries

Public schools

Selected site

200 m

Information

Site data

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Status

Current functions

Location

Years of construction

Distance to the city center

Typology

Highly preservable: declared “National Industrial Memoery”, but without any protection status

1918, 1924, 1933, 1952, 1983, 1996, 2003

Powerplant, museum, informal park, offices

2,9 km

MAP

55° 39’24.6” N 12° 33’27.8” E

Powerplant

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Area size

6.9 hectares, approx. 68,500 m2

Building footprint 2.2 hectares, approx. 21,500 m2

MAP

Stakeholder

Ă˜rsted A/S renting from HOFOR (CPH Muncipality)

Scale

Site data

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The current stakeholders of H. C. Ørstedsværket today is the Copenhagen Municipality owned energy company, HOFOR and the privately owned Ørsted. The site has an area of approx 68,500 m2.

H. C. Ørstedsværket

Louisiana Museum of Modern Art

B&W Halls

Amager Bakke Powerplant

Arken

Skuespilhuset

Statens Museum for Kunst

Kraftwerket

35 When looking at the scale of H. C. Ørstedsværket, one can see that the footprint of building mass is very comparable to other larger formal and informal cultural instutions - of which, some also have an industrial heritage. The site outline though has an area size and outline very similar to other informal recreative parks and public places in Copenhagen, which definitely qualifies the site as a potential public park and recreative space for the people of the city to use and redefine.

Israels Plads

H. C. Ørstedsparken Strøget

City Hall Square

Kløvermarken

Fælledparken skatepark

Assistens Cemetery

Tivoli 100 m

100 m

Timeline

Site history

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This year the powerplant can celebrate its 100 year birthday for the completion of its first building. A building that at its time gave H. C. Ørstedsværket the title as the countrys biggest powerplant.

1916 the first drawings of the administration building is done.

This building worked as a main element in information infrastructure.

1916

1926-33 H. C. Ørstedsværket is growing in these years by adding two new sections, so the it now has three.

1926

1943 During the second World War, walls of sand bags are built between the buildings in order to prevent them from collapse due to a potential attack

1957 A Russian airliner collides with one of H.C.Ø’s chimneys and the plane’ 28 people perish

1943

1957

1920

1933

1953

1920 H. C. Ørstedsværket is put in use and was the biggest powerplant in the country back then

1933 In the building where the Diesel House museum is today, the world’s biggest diesel engine was being built insitu, in its own seperate building

1953-67 The powerplant is being modernized with the addition of four new boilers, due to the increasing demand on electricity.

37 Since the very beginning of H. C. Ørstedsværkets history, the powerplant has always adopted to new technologies. The ever ongoing modernization of the plant has given the site its architectural characteristic, although the buildings built a hundred years ago has its limits to adopt new forms of energy production. The new and more modern Amager Bakke powerplant will soon take over a lot of its function and eventually the powerplant will slowly shut down. The current contract ends in 2026.

1994 The usage of coal stops and H.C.Ø gets a new modern plant based on nature gas

2004 A new gas turbine is taken into use. It is placed in a building next to the main building

2016 New housing areas is being built around H.C.Ø, and some of the powerplant’s areas are therefore open to public.

1994

2004

2016

1985

2003

2026

2005 1985 H.C.Ø’s production of electricity has increased by 40% due to a new plant that replaces the third boiler section house with the four chimneys. This causes the current form of the plant today

2003 A huge power outage on Zealand causes the old diesel motor to make the powerplant start up again.

2005-06 Two new boilers for district heating is taking into use.

2026 Current contract with the municipality ends. Production of heating and electricity will slowly be taken over by the new Amager Bakke powerplant

Site history

Historic drawings

The large complex of H.C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket has been built in several rounds. The first section consisting of the Machine Hall is designed by Andreas Fussing and built in 1918-1920.

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39 Originally, it was the tallest building in the plant, but during the next expansion of the plant, the boiler house became much taller with the iconic chimneys being the tallest on the Copenhagen skyline. The non-uniformity of the many extensions means that the overall impression today seems somewhat precarious and uneven, but despite the major changes to the work, the original classicist character has been maintained as well as the tradition for building in a modular technique.

Site history

Photos

Although the majority of people think that the iconic red three-chimney building was built in 1933 as a part of the second expansion, it actually was build in the 1950s. Sadly, a lot of the changes to the powerplant

1933

1935

1947

1952

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throughout the years has also meant an erasure of historical traces. At one point it had two almost identical buildings but one was replaced with the large grey metal boxes due to new natural gas technologies. The site has been a platform for graffiti culture for many years and had Europe’s longest graffiti wall up until 2016 where it too was demolished to give space to the new Enghave Brygge.

1967

1970

1980

1987

1995

2016

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Site history

1916

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Site history

1931

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Site history

1947

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Site history

1962

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Site history

1984

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Site history

2003

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Site context

2020

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Buildings with iconic red facades

Buildings with metal facades

Water

Buildings with brick facades

Context buildings

Green areas

s st.

Tran + 1943

High

vo

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55

Site

Former graffiti wall

Iconic pipelines

Former Coastline

Trees on site x

Site photos

nat Deio , tank 1983 .

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25 m

Site context

Plan diagrams

56

In the next few years, H.C. Ørstedværket’s surroundings are facing a development project which means a transformation into other purposes. As a result of H. C. Ørstedværket’s outdated technology large parts of the plant’s buildings will lose their current use and the powerplant will face a new phase which is yet to be decided. In the document “værdifulde kulturmiljøer i København: H. C. Ørstedværket (2014)”, the municipality is open to the idea of transforming the powerplant into a cultural hub like NDSM in Amsterdam

Road infrastructure Bridge Unofficial path Water Roads with high flow Road with medium flow Roads with little or no flow

Age of buildings & other use DieselHouse museum Private businesses Built between 1920 - 1933 Built after 1950 Built after 1980

57 with it’s bottom-up planning approach or Duisburg Industrial Park in Germany. Historically, the site has been closed off to the public until a few years ago, where it got integrated into the new Havneringen loop - altough the current infrastructure of the site is still very introvert and closed off.

Surprisingly, none of the buildings are marked as totally preserved which opens up the possibility to do interventions as well as tear down the non-preservable ones. This whole cultural environment with its content of individual elements should be seen as an asset in the ongoing development project, where today’s functions are tried to be integrated with traces from the previous industrial era. In order to be able to do so, the following diagrams and pages seeks to map the qualities and characteristic elements.

Facade materials Red paint Red bricks Black paint Metal White paint

Preservability Reusable footprint Declared national industrial memory High preservability Medium preservability Low preservability

Site photos

Interior

A1

A2

A view inside of the machine hall

58

59

A3

A4

A view inside of boiler house 1 and 2

Site photos

Interior

The walls are packed with technical installations

60

61

Pipes and huge machinery are dominating the interior spaces

Site photos

Red facades

B1

Boiler house 1 and 2, which today is considered the main building

62

63

The red facades on the H.C.Ă˜ buildings creates a strong identity

Site photos

Grey facades

C1

The grey facades was added in the mid 1980’s

64

65

The grey language are intervening with the original red character

Site photos

Blue doors

D1

The blue doors make up the second most iconic character on site

66

67

Most of them are numbered and works as an infrastructural elements

Site photos

Modifications

03

E1

The brickwork on the building’s facade reveals its former history

68

69

Bricks are being used as a tool for flexible facades

Site photos

Arches

F1

The arches contrasts the very rigid rectangular grid in plan

70

71

Arches in various materials

Site photos

Pipelines

G1

The pipelines makes a characterstic non-building icon

72

73

Pipes connected to different buildings

Site photos

Fences

H1

A lot of the areas on site are divided by fences

74

75

Fences seperating different areas on the site

Site photos

Selected details

I1

Red and blue colours complimenting one another in small scale

76

77

Extension of blue, graffiti afterlife, containers as mobile elements

Site photos

Main road

J1 04

The main road are blocked off by parking lots and fences

78

79

At one of the ends it now connects to the surrounding area by a bridge

Site photos

Landscape

K1

An enclave of trees on one of the green surfaces

80

81

The landscape is dominated by grass, water and asphalt

Site photos

Landscape

L1

The site contains a patchwork of layered history

82

83

Traces of history and regulative guide lines

Site photos

Urban context

M1

A whole new neighbourhood is being built next to the powerplant

84

85

The iconic chimneys can be seen from almost all over Copenhagen

Site analysis

Selected elements

86

Stripping the characteristic elements down to the six most dominating elements consisting of the pipelines, the chimneys, the grey metal-cladded buildings, the blue doors, green surfaces and the red facades, these will be the core elements to work with in the project. The pipelines extends beyond the site and connects H.C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket to its surroundings horizontally, while the chimneys are reading themselves into the skyline of Copenhagen among the city’s church spires vertically.

Pipelines

Chimneys

Blue doors

Green surfaces

87 Another thing stretching beyong the site of the powerplant is the water canals going through the site. Originally used to cool down machinery and the boilers, these will have a highly recreative potential when the current use of it will be phased out in the years to come.

Not stretching beyond the site, the most dominating one are the red facades which nowadays are the high contract to the development of Enghave Brygge. Almost all of them consists of historical scars made by the modification over time - including the brick buildings. Blue paint is complementing the red by being applied on almost all doors, where they also have white numbers on them as a part of a navigation infrastructure. It also applies to other industrial metal surfaces such a staircases and installations.

Grey facades

Red facades

Site analysis

Elements combined

88

In combination, it becomes very clear why the grey metal-cladded buildings which were built in the early 1980s are marked as non-preserveable. They interfere with the core identity of the red, blue and green as well as the skyline with the chimneys, and other buildings. Later on the in 90s, new added buildings were built in red modules again. The building mass of all these elements together, the urban qualities in terms of the placement of the buildings and their densities are of high quality and should be strived to preserve.

Water

Chimneys

Grey facades

Blue doors

Green areas

Pipelines

Red facades

89 The landscape seem to be framed very strict and matches the rectangular building grid.

Although the vegetation on top on the green surfaces are placed very randomly. Where the asphalt meets the grass, historical traces like train tracks has sometimes imprinted itself in the landscape, despite often attempted covered.

The potential of creating an urban industrial recreative site like we know it from other cities is immense.

But what could potentially make a H. C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket unique, compared to other transformations of industrial sites is the fact that is runs on a contract with Copenhagen Municipality, making a bottom-up apporach possible as well as using all the rich layers of history as a tool of design.

90

VISI

ION

A citizens assembly

Organization

92

Inspired by a political experiment in Ireland (Zetland, 2020), The Cultural Engine Organization will consist of a citizens assembly, in order to archieve highest possible cultural diversity and democratic influence

Citizens assembly organization

Qualitative ou

Top-down Copenhagen Municipality

Typical local community centre

Locals Bottom-up

Typical post-industrial cultural institution

Private In between Typical local community centre

The Cultural Engine Organization (TCEO) A balance betweein top-down and bottom-up decision making The three stakeholders Sub-divided user groups Decision making group

The Cultura The Cultu adding a mu

Typical pos cultural in

Typical pos cultural inst

Typical local com

Typical lo nity centre

93 from the users. This trinity of an organization will be made up by different groups. First one being the Copenhagen Municipality. By adding a municipal layer, The Cultural Engine will be able to reach beyond the typical hip crowd, typically attracted to post-industrial transformations. Inspired by a another political welfare experiment from Finland (Zetland, 2020), should strive to make a synergy between the local citizens needs, private businesses and the state in sustainable bottom-up approach.

utreach strategy

$$$$ $$$$

$$$$$$

cost manand hours post-indusure institundEngine small is al inessEngine ural unicipal layer al cost manent and hours se of a local munity centre

Cost/management strategy

$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$

$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ Typical cost management and hours in use of welfare institutions and public spaces Typical cost management and hours in use of post-industrial culture institutions and small business

$$$$$$$

st-industrial nstitution

st-industrial $$$ titution

Typical cost man$$$$ $ $hours $ agement and in$use $ $of$ a$ local $$ community centre

$$$$$$$

mmunity centre Typical cost man-

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ocal e

$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$

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Typical cost management and $hours $ $ $in$ use $$ of The Cultural Engine

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Typical cost management and hours in use of welfare institutions and public spaces Typical cost man$ $ $and $ $hours $$ agement in use local $ $ of $ $a $ $$ community centre

$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $ $ $ cost $ $ $man$ Typical $ $ $ $and $Engine $hours $ Theagement Cultural in use $ $of$ post-indus$$$$

trial culture institutions and small business Typical cost man$ $ $and $ $ hours $$ agement in $use $ $of$a$local $$ community centre

Typical cost management and hours agement and hours in use of post-indusin use of welfare trial culture instituinstitutions and spaces commu- tions and small Typical public post-industrial business Typical cost manTypical cost mancultural institution agement and hours agement and hours in use of a local in use of post-induscommunity centre trial culture institutions and small business

Typical cost management and $hours $ $ $in$use $$ $ $of$The $ $Cultural $$ $ $ $ $Engine $$$

$ $ $cost $ $man$$ Typical $ $ $and $ $ hours $$ agement in use $ of $ $post-indus$$$$ trial culture institutions and small business Typical cost man$ $ $ and $$$ $ agement hours in$use $ $of$a$local $$ community centre $Typical $ $ $ cost man$agement $ $ $ $ and $ $ hours $ in $ $use $ $of$welfare $ $ $ $ $and $$$ institutions public $ $ spaces $$$$$ $ $ $cost $ $ man$$ Typical $ $ $ and $$$ $ agement hours in use $ $of$post-indus$$$$

trial culture institutions and small business Typical cost management and hours in use of The Cultural Engine

Typical cost management and hours in use of The $ $ $ $ $Cultural $$ Engine $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$ Typical cost $$$$$$$ and $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $management $$$$ $ hours $ $ $ $in$ use $ of a local$ $ $ $ $ $ $ communty center $ $ $ $cost manTypical Typical cost $$$$$ $ $hours agement and management and hours in use $in$use $ $of$welfare $$ $ $ $ $and $$$ institutions of The Cultural public $ $spaces $ $ $Typical $$ cost Engine

$ $management $ cost $$$ $ $Typical $ $ $ cost manand hours Typical man$ $in $ use $ $ $hours $ $ $ $ $and $ $hours agement and agement of$post-industral in use in $ $of $post-indus$ $ $ institutions $ $and $ use $ $ of $ $welfare $ cultural trial culture institusmall businesses institutions and tions and small public spaces business Typical cost management and hours in use of The Cultural Engine

Typical cost

$Typical $ $ $ cost manmanagement andTypical cost $ $ $ hours $ $and $ $in agement hours management and use of welfare hours in use $in$use $ institutions $ of $ welfare $$ and public institutions and of The Cultural places public spaces Engine

The Cultural Engine

Typical cost management and hours in use of welfare institutions and public spaces

Typical cost management and hours in use of The Cultural Engine

$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$

Typical cost management and hours in use of The Cultural Engine

Strategy

Base

The vision for The Cultural Engine is to make a layered strategy where the organization running the engine will be in charge of the actual execution of the transformation process. It is very important for the

94

95 project to keep a healthy balance between bottom-up and top-down development of the engine.

The following pages is an example of what that vision most likely would look like based on the information obtained in the research process about the needs and demands of the locals, the municipal and the private interests. In order to come up with a legitimate answer for such complexity, the layered strategy will start with a base consisting of the six current core elements defined by the site analysis.

Green areas Blue doors Red facades Pipelines Grey facades Chimneys Water

Historical layers

Strategy

96

In order to reveal the rich cultural history and tell the story of H. C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket properly, using layers of history as a tool of design will create a unique historical landscape informed by merging all the historical

MERGED

1916

1916

1947

1931

1931

1947

1962

1962

1984

1984

2003 MERGED

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

2003

97 layers. When creating a material hierachy in that process, an authentic and illogical will emerge.

As one can see on the right - and also visible in the plan drawings from 1984 and up, - the 500 meter long graffiti wall nurtured a foundation of an international graffiti crowd as well as dog walkers. In the research process of this project one of the most requested things by locals is the return of the graffiti wall which got torned down and vanished from the contextual history to make space for Enghave Brygge.

Graffiti walls

Strategy

98

So by taking the 500m long graffiti wall, then unfolding it, chopping it up, dividing it and then unfolding it, it will create an interactive maze for people to explore. It will be dynamic not only in the way people

Reinstating the 500 meter long graffiti wall

Reinstate the 500 m. long graffiti wall

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

Unfold

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

Cut and divide

Displace t

99 interact with it, but also with its everchanging expression and decorations. At the same time it has the potential to function as a fence alike barrier for The Cultural Engine, one can’t look through from a distance, adding to the feeling of isolation from the surrounding context. Though when you get closer to the walls and slide in between the walls, it will open up and let people into the site. The placement of the graffiti maze will be in between the current metro fence and the old graffiti walls.

Displace the walls

the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

See-through only at close proximity

Strategy

Infrastructure

100

Even though the intension is to create a feeling of isolation from the surrounding context, the infrastructural strategy will paradoxically very much open up the site to the context. the infrastructural strategy will

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

101 paradoxically very much open up the site to the context.

Right now, H. C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket is very closed off, and there is only one official road to cross the site. By removing all fences on the site, it will be possible to use a lot of the existing asphalt to create a circular way of movement and at the same time connect to the greater roads outside as well as the coming metro stop and the Havneringen cultural loop.

Surface for different forms of transportation

Strategy

Identity & material

102

In order to strengthen the original architectural identity, all the grey facades gets removed, so it becomes a clear red, blue and green identity again. Of course with the pipes, chimneys and surrounding water.

1916

1916

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

103 They will be out of use when the Amager Bakke powerplant takes over and the current contract ends in 2026.

By demolishing the biggest of the boxes, BLOK7, it will also be possible to imagine a great main square as a center of the engine, where all of the groups could come together, the infrastructure will flow through and of which all the different programmes will be centered.

Metal volumes to be demolished

Strategy

Identity & volume

104

To strengthen the identity even further, the footprint, shape and size of the former BLOK7, BLOK8 and the oil silos will be interpretated into blue painted industrial wireframes imitating the silhouettes of the now

1916

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

105 demolished volumes and at the same time keeping their voluminous qualities. As for the former electical filter buildings next to each other, they will be replaced by two modular buildings with red facades made for the new needs of the cultural engine. The third one on the left will not only work as a barrier to the site, but also define a North-West entrance by extending the height and proportions of the high voltage building and then gradually stepping down to meet the height of the Romney hall.

Blue silhouette structures New volumes with red facades

Strategy

Vegetation

106

In research for the program, the most requested urban element at H. C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket among citizens, the municipality and other boroughs of Copenhagen was an industrial park. So, a ring of green surfaces

1916 leged der viser de 45 nye typer landskabsrum

1916 1916 leged der viser de 45 nye typer landskabsrum

1916

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

107 around the building will create a parkscape with experiences and thematics of different kind. A parkscape stretching across the site will have two denser areas with trees, where a surrounding belt of trees will end the barrier feeling started by the graffiti walls and the new red building. In the middle of the parkscape, the former BLOK7 will become a vertical park, with the blue construction covered in green with internal paths open to the public. A lot of the trees are evoked from the early plan drawings.

1916

Grass Vertical park Existing trees New trees Trees evoked from 2003 plan

Interior program

Strategy

108

Not only the park and graffiti walls are made from request, local plans, interview and official visions for Copenhagen made by the municipality - in fact the entire program is decided based on that research in

NOLLI INDOOR

Run by one of the TCEO groups

Also functions as a shared educational space for local schools Organised outside of TCEO

x NOLLI INDOOR

1

1916 1916 leged der viser de 45 nye typer landskabsrum

1916

Buildings preserved with exemplary equipment for museum pupose Cheap housing for artists and activists

2

Culture house for kids and young people

3

Sports hall

4

Skate hall

5

Workshops and labs of different kind

6

Library and study spaces

7

Art exhibition spaces

8

H.C.Ă˜ museum

9

CafĂŠ and lobby

12

10 BLOK 7 Vetical park and event space

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

19 20 21

Cultural community centre Performance space Skate shop Diesel House museum

22 23 24

Creative businesses

E C N E ID S

I D

R E TI

LL S

Community kitchen and gardens

2

ID

17

Y

Concert venue

N E

16

1

M

Galleries

18

C A

15

x

K

500 meter long graffiti wall

Small shops, cafes and bars

A

Ateliers and studios

H

13

TS

Band hotel

V IS

12

14

MERGED

Administration building

R O

11

13

109 an attemp to get the most accurate outcome of what the synergy of this new organization potentially would agree on. Most of the new programmes work as cross-educational and communicate hybrids in order to create a platform for a new community to rise. At the same time it also creates a repurposing of the thematics of the existing buildings with a poetic and respectful link to the past, so that the high voltage buildings will host a band hotel and studios, and the Machine Hall all the workshops.

11

H OIL O E U R S E

H C A M E TH

B

E G LT A O V H

16

H

IG

24

15

IN

E

B

U

H

A

IL

D

IN

14

LL

G

S

x

5

10

6

7

8

S P S O TR R E T& E T

H IES O E U L S E

17

18

22 19

4

21

9

23

x

20

3

x

Managed by other actors

Strategy

Exterior program

110

The exterior program has different thematics at stake too. All of course linked to the past, present and future too by adopting the new needs and contextual surroundings. The thematics are defined by what a

NIOLLI OUTDOOR NIOLLI OUTDOOR

NOLLI INDOOR

1916 1916 leged der viser de 45 nye typer landskabsrum

1916

MERGED

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

1916

PA

1931

1947

R

K

1962

E

Unfold

TH

500 meter long graffiti wall

S U TR LE PA E VA R ET R K D

B H OIL R O E O U R O S TH FT E E O B P O

R G

U G RB A A R N D E N

A

FF IT

IP A

R

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S MA Q IN U A R E

B

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7 K

TH

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A

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111 natural extension of the interior program would connect to the outside while also taking different levels of noise, the new infrastructure, volumes and vegetation into consideration. In an almost collagy fashion, the park naturally links to the the urban gardning theme. The alley and the noise from its shops, studios and urban life is away from all residential areas. The boulevard defined by the new infrastructure cutting straight across the site, and so on. All tied together by the centered main square.

Strategy

Digital

112

On top of all of the physical layers comes a digital layer, enabling the different groups to post events, share information and cross-communicate. The digital infrastructure will also provide a platform for

15:17 TUESDAY, JUNE 9 149 BOOK CLUB & SHOP

149

149 Bookstore is a continuation and branch of the jointly owned book publisher 149, which aims to publish Nordic literature in Denmark and thereby contribute to a cross-Nordic literary community.

The Alley

12:00 - 21:00

ATELIER 148

148

NIOLLI OUTDOOR

The gallery represents a select group of emerging and established artists and is committed to introducing art, in all media, to an international audience. Seeing art as a profound and competent media for social and ...

The Alley

12:00 - 21:00

CAFE 147

147

CAFE 147 is a 16 seat cafĂŠ. Every day of the week we offer breakfast, lunch and dinner. We focus on vegetables and everything the sea can provide, thirst quenching natural wines

The Alley

10:00 - 22:00

KUHN KERAMIK

146

All the ceramics of KĂźhn Keramik get produced in this small workshop installed in the old Machine Hall. Water comes out of the tap, clay from Nordjylland, glaze from Fyn and the motifs printed in a small workshop in ...

The Alley

10:00 - 19:00

146

146

146 is a record label and bar hosted by The Cultural Engine. Our vision is offer live music every evening by the bands practising at The High Voltage buildings.

Come by and catch one of your favourite bands ...

The Alley

18:00 - 02:00

145 FOOD COLLECTIVE

145

Home

The 145 Food Collective is a non-profit food collective.

Since our goal has never been profit (nor will it ever!), any assistance you provide helps make our healthy and sustainable products more affordable and ...

Events

Map

Explore

NOLLI INDOOR

Profile

9:16 TUESDAY, JUNE 9

FAMILY GRAFFITI WORKSHOP 1916 1916

Let everyone know about your time at The Cultural Engine by leaving your mark on one of our walls. Together with your family, you can create your very own graffiti mural to make sure your time at the engine gets permanently marked in both your minds and in the city!

leged der viser de 45 nye typer landskabsrum

The Graffiti Park

11:00

Workshop

Free

14:00

JOBSEEKING COURSE FOR NEW GRADUATED ARCHITECTS Half-day workshop for architects, ocused on providing tools to help job seekers formulate their professional personality and write the good application. We are talking about constructive feedback and the typical improvement opportunities that are worth looking for when we need to ...

Boiler House 5. fl.

12:30

1916

Course

Free

14

17:30

BO KASPERS ORKESTER RELEASE SHOW The Cultural Engine is hosting the Swedish band when they visit Copenhagen on June 9, 2020.

Bo Kaspers Orchestra is ready with their 12th studio album, the soul-oriented 23.55, which will be released on Tuesday, June 9, and it celebrates ...

High Voltage Buildings

Concert

100 kr

21:30 DEEPMASTER TOUR Join us for at sneak peak at this year annually summer exhibition; DeepMaster, by the artists and activists living at The Cultural Engine. The exhibition offers a number of new individual works as well as joint works that include various techniques: printing, sewing, painting, projection and manipulation ...

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

Activist Residence

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

Exhibition

Free

15:30

1931

1947 1916

Home

Events

Map

Explore

Profile

Clear arch readability physical a infrastr

113 visitors to navigate, both through maps, exploring what’s going on today and participate in different communities. There is a clear link and hybrid between the readability of the digital and physical infrastructure, where the blue painted doors with white numbers are indicating a direct link to the digital. This will also allow The Cultural Engine to progress beyond the current notion and understanding of what a cultural community and a welfare institution by blending those worlds.

47

hitectural to link the and digital ructure

15:17 TUESDAY, JUNE 9 149 BOOK CLUB & SHOP

149

149 Bookstore is a continuation and branch of the jointly owned book publisher 149, which aims to publish Nordic literature in Denmark and thereby contribute to a cross-Nordic literary community.

The Alley

12:00 - 21:00

ATELIER 148

148

The gallery represents a select group of emerging and established artists and is committed to introducing art, in all media, to an international audience. Seeing art as a profound and competent media for social and ...

The Alley

12:00 - 21:00

CAFE 147

147

CAFE 147 is a 16 seat café. Every day of the week we offer breakfast, lunch and dinner. We focus on vegetables and everything the sea can provide, thirst quenching natural wines

The Alley

10:00 - 22:00

KUHN KERAMIK

146

All the ceramics of Kühn Keramik get produced in this small workshop installed in the old Machine Hall. Water comes out of the tap, clay from Nordjylland, glaze from Fyn and the motifs printed in a small workshop in ...

The Alley

10:00 - 19:00

146

146

146 is a record label and bar hosted by The Cultural Engine. Our vision is offer live music every evening by the bands practising at The High Voltage buildings.

Come by and catch one of your favourite bands ...

The Alley

18:00 - 02:00

145 FOOD COLLECTIVE

145

Home

The 145 Food Collective is a non-profit food collective.

Since our goal has never been profit (nor will it ever!), any assistance you provide helps make our healthy and sustainable products more affordable and ...

Events

Map

Explore

Profile

Strategy

Combined

114

The combination of layers reveals the hierachy of the landscape with the train tracks first then asphalt, then historical layers and then green surfaces. The brown narrow surfaces are corten, tracing the lines of

15:17 TUESDAY, JUNE 9 149 BOOK CLUB & SHOP

149

149 Bookstore is a continuation and branch of the jointly owned book publisher 149, which aims to publish Nordic literature in Denmark and thereby contribute to a cross-Nordic literary community.

The Alley

12:00 - 21:00

ATELIER 148

148

NIOLLI OUTDOOR

The gallery represents a select group of emerging and established artists and is committed to introducing art, in all media, to an international audience. Seeing art as a profound and competent media for social and ...

The Alley

12:00 - 21:00

CAFE 147

147

CAFE 147 is a 16 seat café. Every day of the week we offer breakfast, lunch and dinner. We focus on vegetables and everything the sea can provide, thirst quenching natural wines

The Alley

10:00 - 22:00

KUHN KERAMIK

146

All the ceramics of Kühn Keramik get produced in this small workshop installed in the old Machine Hall. Water comes out of the tap, clay from Nordjylland, glaze from Fyn and the motifs printed in a small workshop in ...

The Alley

10:00 - 19:00

146

146

146 is a record label and bar hosted by The Cultural Engine. Our vision is offer live music every evening by the bands practising at The High Voltage buildings.

Come by and catch one of your favourite bands ...

The Alley

18:00 - 02:00

145 FOOD COLLECTIVE

145

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NOLLI INDOOR

1916 1916 leged der viser de 45 nye typer landskabsrum

1916

MERGED

500 meter long graffiti wall

Unfold

Cut and divide into smaller pieces

1984

1962 1931

1947 1916

Displace the walls

A maze of graffiti walls

A punctured see-through wall system at close proximity

Profile

115 the former coal cranes. Around the entire plan various sizes of concrete surfaces are imitating the footprints of previous coal ditches, and metal facade buildings creating a unique an illogical landscape. Likewise red surfaces indicates where former brick buildings has stood in the past. The graffiti walls are cutting through the landscape in an almost Richard Serra alike way, where the huge concrete rings of the former oil silos, interferes with the walls, they make holes in the walls to walk through.

Strategy

Axonometric view

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25 m

The Boiler House

Facades & roof

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With removal of the BLOK7 building, the Boiler House now has an open glass and concrete facade, made from a section cut right where the old BLOK7 used to be.

1 Public accessible rooftop with a

surrounding rail

2 Industry entrance and street theater stage 3 New main entrance 4 Elevator- and staircase towers 5 An open glass/concrete facade

1 5

119 Now the link between the contruction, the iconic boilers and chimneys are revealed through the facade, as well as all the new programmatic functions inside. Inspired by the transformation of Friche la Belle de Mai in Marseille, the rooftop will be made into a public space, with the possibility of all kinds of events and activities to take place. It is accessible through staircases and elevators.

In the front a new main entrance will be made.

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Entrance 10 m

The Boiler House

Core

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Here we see a view into the Boiler House, where one will be met by everchanging exhibitions under the hanging - and now exposed boilers - functioning almost as the heart and core of the whole engine.

A B

Dance and performance studios Reading room and silent workspace connected to the library

C

Community space

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Library functions

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F G

H I

Educational area and connection to Machine Hall and the large community workshop space Concert and event space Core of the engine: a temporary exhibition space and main entrance from BLOK7 Technical- or sanitary rooms Main hall- and space for larger temporary exhibitions, workshops, events and activities

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Theater and performance space and stage

K

CafĂŠ, cantine and community kitchens

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Study and work spaces primarily reserved for school classes

M

Collaborative office spaces

N

Elevator and staircase tower

A B C D1 D2 E

Behind the exposing glass facade, it is intended that all groups and all classes of society will meet, accelerated and operated by the new TCEO. The program in the core is a proposal of what the TCEO most likely have decided on.

The Boiler House will become a reimagination of what a trinity of architecture, the welfare state and its citizens can provide in harmony, and let it be defined by them and their needs throughout time.

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O2

G3 M

L4 L3 G2

L2 L1 K H4

G1

J

F

O1

H3

H1 H2

The Cultural Engine Organization

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Run by locals and various citizen groups Run by privately or single renters Run by Copenhagen Municipality Public or neutral

Entrance 10 m

The Boiler House

BLOK7 & BLOK8

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From being the most introvert yet dominating building on site when seen from afar, BLOK7 will now become one of The Cultural Engine’s most extrovert spaces.

6 Reusing the exact footprint and silhouette

of BLOK 7 to create a vertical park and a watchtower

7 Hanging wide bridges connecting to

the Boiler House and its rooftop

8 A contiuous walk throughout the inner

vertical parkscape

9 Punctuos platforms in the parkscape 10 A net of metal wires for plants to grow 11 A proportional exact remake of the former

BLOK7 staircase tower

12 A watchtower with a public viewpoint 13 A proportional exact silhouette of BLOK8,

following the same design principles as BLOK7

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9b

11

123 By reusing the exact footprint of the former BLOK7, the new one will consist of a blue painted metal wireframe construction, stretching out a net of metal wires for plants to grow on.

It will become a vertical park with a continous inner spiraling path going all the way from ground level to the rooftop. On the way up there, it will be punctuated by platforms to have a break on an enjoy the view.

Two hanging bridges will connect the new BLOK7 to the Boiler House.

7b

13

7a

8 9a

10

6

10 m

The Boiler House

Combined

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The architectural language of the vertical park with its metal wires in BLOK7, continues through the Boiler House and ends in BLOK8 on its right side. The same design principles counts for that one.

125 Eventually they will both be almost entirely covered in different kinds of vegetation, again highlighting the red, blue and green dominating identity. Attached to BLOK7 is a watchtower made from the exact same height and proportions of the former staircase tower in BLOK7 - even the same amount of steps. Before it was reserved for only a handful of people, but now it will become a public watchtower with a viewpoint on top, making the tallest point in the new Enghave Brygge a public place.

10 m

Plan

The Cultural Engine

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25 m

Visualization

Metro entrance

A hundred years ago, H. C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket used to be a very remote powerplant in the outskits of Copenhagen with poor infrastructural connections. Today it is a centered piece of Copenhagen.

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129 Due to new infrastructure and the Metro stations set to be opening in 2024, H. C. Ă˜rstedvĂŚrket will become even more centered. From the new metro stop, one will be welcomed by a curtain of numerous graffiti walls with everchanging expressions, defining a clear entrance point and also helps creating a feeling of isolation from the surrounding hyper developed context. From the platform of the metro stop, the view of the iconic Boiler House, the chimneys and the watchtower is visible in the back.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The boulevard

A concrete path made after an old coal ditch is stretching all the way from the metro stop to the boulevard. After entering the site and having passed the graffiti walls, and the canal, you will be met by a

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131 skate park made within the outline of the old coal ditch. Naturally it is connected to a skate hall built after the principles of the red modular buildings, on the footprint of where the electric filter building once stood. The landscape on the boulevard is very affected by the uniqueness of the use of the historical layers as a design tool and the hierachy that follows. Examplified with the visible train tracks and a piece of grass interfering with asphalt and concrete.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The alley

What was once a closed off passage to the public, until Havneringen adopted it in its cultural loop in 2018, the alley is now envisioned to be the busiest and most dense part of The Cultural Engine and a.

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133 crucial part of the infrastructure. With bikers, runners and pedestrians passing through the now highlighted arches, this narrow alley has gotten a new life. The facades on the left will be reopened in alignment with digital strategy, where bottom-up and community driven businesses, studios and shops will thrive. They are directly linked to the huge workshop and lab area, in the boiler house and machine hall. On the right is the high voltage buildings with the band hotel, ateliers, music studios, etc.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The residency

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In continuation of the alley comes the residency. The landscape is characterized by the brick surfaces shaped as the footprints of past buildings, and the pipelines in between the residency and the Romney

135 Hall. This area does not encourage visitors to pass through, which gives it a quiet and local atmosphere. The residency consists of 58 apartments at approx 46 m2 with shared roof terraces.

Blending in with the other 90s buildings like the Romney Hall and the Diesel House extension as seen on the right, it is made of red painted modular elements with blue painted balconies. The need for this type of residency came after Blackstone acquired the cheap artists residencies in Indre By back in 2019.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The park

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As a indubitably part of the parkscape comes the park. It is envisioned to be a recreative and calm area in contrast to the alley and the “downtown� area, screened off by the graffiti walls. Here you can go for a

137 picnic, read a book, meditate or simply just go for a walk throughout the scenery where historic tales of the past industrial era has been imprinted into the landscape. The corten lines cut into the grass’ surface, indicates the old coal crane lines, and the concrete circles shows the massive scale of one type of silos. The visible scales and silhouettes of significant past buildings are made in blue painted wireframe constructions, stepping down from the watchtower to BLOK7 to the three silos in the park.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The graffiti walls

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Neighbouring The Cultural Engine’s park, another huge park alike area at the size of Ă˜rstedsparken is intended to be made when the metro construction is done and gone, according to the official vision and

139 local plans stated by the Copenhagen Municipality. Although naturally linked together, the internal and external parks are divided by the maze of graffiti walls cutting through the landscape.

The walls will have openings where the gigantic concrete circles shaped after the oil silos are piercing the walls. Adding the graffiti walls as an urban element will hopefully bring back the graffiti artists and the dog walkers and re-establish the cultural community of which they previously met.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The main square

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In an almost poetic sense, all programmes and life circulates around the green circle in the middle of the plaza. With the re-opened canal cutting through it and circle of trees re-established from the 2003 plan,

141 the main square is the exterior center of the engine. The new sports- and skate hall on the right generates a back to the square and frames the diversity of life within. People have always said that the history is beneath our feet. In this case, the different types of concrete and brick surfaces, the corten lines, and the green areas works as imprinted historical traces in the large square and works as hints to an era of the past. A layer of history on top of which The Cultural Engine now will continue.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

BLOK7

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Will function as an unheated vertical park and event space, connecting the Boiler House to the watchtower. Inspired by the industrial park, MFO Zurich, you will be met by a unique experience of the industrial

143 hanging facade defined by the seasons, and the intimate spaces it enables along the spiraling path which goes all the way from the ground floor to the rooftop. The path is punctured by holes with selected views and platforms to rest and hang out. From here one can witness different kinds of events going on on the concrete surface below. The darker concrete spots on the concrete surface are placed where the columns of the previous BLOK7 were in order to grasp its size and scale.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

Boiler House

From the hanging bridge in BLOK7, an overview of the fantastic concrete construction and the iconic boilers within the Boiler House are now exposed through the glass facade.

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145 This platform does not only connect BLOK7 with the Boiler House, but also takes you to the core of The Cultural Engine - not only physically but also ideologically. This is also the center for the core of this project: attempting to create a common cultural platform for a communities to rise. This unique space has the potential of introducing different groups of society to each other through art, activism, performances, dinings, education, associations, municipal activities and many other gatherings.

Corner diagram for viz

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Visualization

The watchtower

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As a continuation of the vertical parkscape, the staircase tower made in the same proportions as the earlier one and has been remodelled in alignment with the design strategy.

147 Currently, the best and highest viewpoints in all of Enghave Brygge, Sydhavnen and Vesterbro are all private. The watchtower will challenge that and make its viewpoint public. In the past, the spires on the Copenhagen skyline was reserved for church spires, signalling something larger than us and a certain kind of religious community. Today, the present skyline celebrates free market value and individualism. The Cultural Engine seeks to challenge skyline in the future with its cultural community.

Corner diagram for viz

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Bibliography Arcgency.com. (2020).

Arcgency - TUNNELFABRIKKEN. [online] Available at: https://arcgency.com/tunnelfabrikken [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

City & Port, (2019) About City & Port [online] Available: http://cognitiveleap.com/ about/ [viewed 5th of February].

Copenhagen Municipality (2015).

Co-Create Copenhagen. [online] Available at: https://urbandevelopmentcph. kk.dk/artikel/co-create-copenhagen [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Copenhagen Municipality (2019) New plan of visions for Copenhagen, from Nov. 2019 [online] Available from: https://kp19.kk.dk/artikel/verdensby-med-ansvar [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Danmarks Statistik (2019) Economic data generator from their website, 2019 [online] Available from: https://www.statbank. dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define. asp?Maintable=EJEN6&PLanguage=0 [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

The Economist. (2018).

The Bilbao Effect. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/ special-report/2018/08/14/the-bilbaoeffect [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

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Forbes Magazine (2019) Why Copenhagen Is Europe’s Most Livable City Yet Again, Feb 18th, 2019 [online] Available from: https://www.forbes. com/sites/davidnikel/2019/02/18/ why-copenhagen-is-europes-most-livable-city/#46a0ad3351ea [viewed 5th of February].

Jacobs, J. (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities, 1961, published by Random House Johar, I. (2018) Societal Innovation & Our Future Cities, 2018 [online] Available from: https://provocations. darkmatterlabs.org/the-societal-contract-for-innovation-15593ae9a1d4 [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Johar, I. (2019) Moving from an Individual to a Collective Worldwiew, 2019 [online] Available from: https://futureofgood. co/episode-2-moving-from-an-individual-to-a-collective-worldview-with-indy-johar/ [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Jørgensen, P. S. (2019) City Without Shadows In: Critical City, 2019, released by The Danish Architectural Press, pp. 50 - 94

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K. Pedersen, M. (2017).

H.C. Ørsteds­værket kan blive til lejligheder. [online] Berlingske.dk.

Available at: https://www.berlingske. dk/virksomheder/h.c.-oerstedsvaerket-kan-blive-til-lejligheder [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

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Politikere: Konstruktionen bag By & Havn er utidssvarende. [online] Magasinet KBH. Available at: https://www.magasinetkbh.dk/indhold/by-og-havn-utidssvarende-konstruktion [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Københavns Kommune. (2015).

Kvarterplan for Områdefornyelse Sydhavnen. [online] Available at: https://kk.sites.itera.dk/ apps/kk_pub2/index.asp?mode=detalje&id=1350 [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Schwarb, K. (2016).

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, by Klaus Schwab. [online] World Economic Forum.

Available at: https://www.weforum. org/about/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-by-klaus-schwab [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Magasinet KBH. (2018). Legendarisk gadegalleri væltes. [online] Available at: https://www. magasinetkbh.dk/indhold/graffitisydhavn-hall-of-fame [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Marfelt, B. (2014).

Støj fra H.C. Ørstedsværket kan genere ny kanalby. [online] Ingeniøren.

Available at: https://ing.dk/artikel/stoejfra-hc-oerstedsvaerket-kan-genere-nykanalby-171092 [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Koolhaas, R. (2014) My thoughts on the smart city (transcription), 2014 [online] Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/ archives/commission_2010-2014/kroes/ en/content/my-thoughts-smart-city-remkoolhaas.html [Accessed 6 Feb. 2020].

Simpson, D. (2019) Liveability as Metric Regime In: Critical City, 2019, released by The Danish Architectural Press, pp. 27 - 49 Sydhavnens Folkemøde. (2019).

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Figure list Fig. 1: I’m not just a monument Illustration by author Fig. 2: Cultural needs of the 21st C. illustration by author Fig. 3: Guggenheim Bilbao Photographer unknown Fig. 4: Liveability rankings Illustration by author Source: various Fig. 5 - 8: Statistics of Copenhagen Illustration by author Source: Danmarks Statistik, 2019 Fig. 9: Culture houses in Copenhagen Illustration by author Source: various

Fig. 10: H. C. Ørstedsværket Illustration by author Fig. 11 - 12: Pictures of H. C. Ørstedsværket Source: Ørsted Fig. 13: Site demography Illustration by author Source: Open Data Copenhagen 2020

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Fig. 14: Site infrastructure Illustration by author Source: Open Data Copenhagen, 2020 Fig. 15: Programmatic vision Illustration by author Fig. 16: Scale 1:1000 Illustration by author Fig. 17: Scale 1:200 Illustration by author Fig. 18: UN Development goals Illustration by author

Coda & CV

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Work experience 2018 - 2018 Bjarke Ingels Group (intern) 2016 - present Bjarke Ingels Group (study ecmployee)

Education 2018 - 2020 Master studies Institutite: Institute for City and Landscape (IBBL) Unit:Urbanism & Societal Change (USC) 2015 - 2018 Bachelor studies Institutite: Institute for City and Landscape (IBBL) 2015 - 2015 ANARK - school for artistic expression 12 week course

UN Development goals The project questions the our cultural needs in the transition from the third industrial revolution to the fourth

The projects focuses on providing common cultural ground for communities to rise, functioning as a platform to blur up social divions in the area of Sydhavnen.

As mentioned earlier; communities in many different shapes and sizes is an essential part of the project, as well as striving for social sustainability in the cultural landscape.

Fig. 18