Scanning the Horizon: Emerging Visualization Technologies for the Modern Designer’s Toolbox

By David Palmer

In the world of building design and construction, technologies such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have enabled designers and engineers to create more precise and detailed drawings than ever before. Modeling technologies convey “real-life” designs to clients and public audiences. The maturation of laser scanning technologies, as well as the development of 360° photography and real-time software renderings are the latest tools that are transforming the design process.

While the concept of laser scanning was founded in the 1960s and has been used by surveyors since the 90s, recent innovations in the technology are now utilized in many more sectors of the industry. With minimal training, architects and engineers can capture data faster than the traditional methods of tape measures and paper. In addition, the data is more indepth and the measurements have a higher degree of accuracy.

The basics of the technology operate very similarly to handheld laser tape measures, but measurements are taken at 500,000 to over 2 million points per second. The result is a highly detailed cloud of points, often colored using photos from an onboard camera. The point cloud is an effective digital recreation of all visible existing conditions that can be viewed from a PC.

Designers can then translate this data into building information modeling (BIM) to create actual conditions, which reduces potential errors and changes during site documentation and construction. Additionally, at the end of a project’s lifecycle, a team can return to renovated areas and update the point cloud data with the latest as-built conditions for future projects.

360° photography offers more of an immersive experience than a typical rendering. The technology captures every point in every direction, side to side and up and down, and produces a quality image that acts as a “real-life” virtual walkthrough of a space. Progress of all phases of construction can be quickly captured and shared to design members, and replace the need for some site visits.

Advances in computer hardware have also enhanced the ability to deliver much more dynamic visualizations of in-progress designs. Modern graphics processors have unlocked the ability to render 3D spaces in real-time as a designer creates BIM data. These renderings can be used for presentations or as an effective coordination tool to communicate discrepancies to designers and engineers.

These programs are tied to existing design tools that seamlessly integrate real-time renderings into a designer’s workflow. The software utilizes existing resources such as textures and lighting and tweaks them with built-in tools to further enhance visualizations. A typical still rendering can be exported to share design intent, or the models can be used to dynamically present the design to clients.

In addition to traditional presentation methods, many of these programs natively support virtual reality integration. The result is an unprecedented level of communication and collaboration for all project partners!

By Danielle Lewis, CID, IIDA, WELL

Student physical health, mental health, and well-being are increasingly discussed as imperative components to academic success. But how can “wellness” translate to the built environment?

The WELL Building Standard is an international rating system that seeks to improve human health and well-being through the built environment. This system uses a point-based rating scale to recognize projects, from Certified to Platinum. The current model, WELL v2, challenges designers to implement strategies that focus on ten core concepts: Air, Water, Nourishment, Light, Movement, Thermal Comfort, Sound, Materials, Mind, and Community. Additionally, the WELL standard focuses not only on structural and design elements, but also organizational policies that can promote occupant health.

While each feature is packed with additional evidence-based requirements that must be met in full to achieve points, here are 10 examples from each concept your district can take toward WELL certification today:

Indoor air quality is a major concern for students and staff.

In fact, asthma is one of the leading chronic childhood diseases. One of the simplest strategies to mitigate poor indoor air quality is to offer users access to operable windows. Feature A07 Operable Windows requires that at least 75% of regularly occupied spaces have windows that provide access to outdoor air when outdoor air quality is within acceptable ranges. Many school buildings meet this initial requirement, but offering occupants the option for natural air throughout the building can lead to increased productivity and focus.

Now more than ever, it’s common knowledge that proper hand hygiene is critical for managing risks of contamination from various gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Feature W08 Hygiene Support, requires building owners to consider universal access to restrooms, sanitary products, childappropriate fixtures, and proper sink design and placement for hand washing in kitchens, break rooms, bathrooms, and more. Areas like the hand washing stations at Fairport High School’s cafeteria promote good hand hygiene (see caption on next page).

It’s no secret that understanding nutrition information as well as how to prepare healthy foods can lead to increased overall wellbeing. The N07 Nutrition Education feature requires that districts offer some type of educational programming inperson or virtually to all building occupants multiple times a year. Live cooking demonstrations or gardening workshops can be incorporated into school curriculum and offered to students and staff to encourage hands-on learning and healthier food habits.

If you’ve ever felt groggy after the shift from Daylight Savings Time, you’ve experienced, firsthand, the profound effects of disrupting the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythms include physical and mental responses to periods of light and dark over a 24-hour cycle. Access to light during daytime hours and darkness at night are critical to human wellbeing and have a direct impact on mood, sleep, and productivity. This feature requires that a minimum of 70% of all work areas are within 25 feet of exterior glazing to allow for access to daylighting, while also providing glare control solutions such as solar shades.

As the function of learning environments has evolved over the past several years, furniture has also changed from static, forward-facing desks to active and customizable solutions that allow for student and teacher choice.

Feature V07 Active Furnishings, while originally designed for office workstations, requires that at least 50% of workstations are “active workstations” such as sit-stand desks. In an educational setting, both students and district staff can benefit from this concept. At Eastridge High School, the East Irondequoit Central School District embraced this idea and standardized on height-adjustable desks to allow for maximum student comfort.

As districts embrace outdoor learning spaces, thermal comfort considerations are becoming even more critical to their successful use. To protect from excessive sun exposure and wind, between 25% and 75% of plazas and seating areas and 50% of pedestrian walkways need to be covered by awnings, trees, or other structures. Creative landscape and site design can allow for imaginative outdoor spaces that are comfortable throughout the year.

Good acoustical design is critical to aural comfort and speech intelligibility. The NYSED Facilities Manual of Planning Standards lists specific requirements for noise reduction for some materials (like ceilings) by space type. Expanding on this, the S05 Sound Reducing Surfaces concept calls for more stringent acoustic considerations, with educational environments needing finishes providing at least a 0.75 noise reduction coefficient on 50% of ceilings and at least 25% of one wall.

The WELL v2 Materials Concept focuses on reducing and eliminating hazardous chemicals from building materials (i.e. asbestos containing materials) and aligns with numerous government regulations that are often critical pieces of district capital projects. This concept also delves into materials used in building maintenance through Feature X11. This feature dictates that districts develop and implement a cleaning plan and use products that meet low-hazard requirements by an ISO 14024-compliant Ecolabel or equivalent third party certification.

Humans spend approximately 90% of their time indoors and therefore, people largely have insufficient exposure to the outdoors and nature. Numerous studies have shown that the use of biophilia in design can lead to reduced stress, swifter recovery from illness, and increased productivity. The concept of biophilia refers to the human tendency and desire to interact with nature. Feature M02 requires that building designs feature natural materials, colors, and patterns and include plants, water features, or views to nature to help improve student and staff mental health.

As part of the early project planning process, Feature C02 Integrative Design requires that the project team holds a stakeholder charette with the owner, facilities staff, architects/ engineers, employees, students, and community members to define project and community goals as well as a healthoriented mission. At LaBella, we incorporate multiple collaborative checkpoints such as our interactive Project Visualization sessions with users, students, and community to ensure your project celebrates your unique district mission, vision, and community.

The above strategies are just a few of the 124 features that are available for districts and designers to use while pursuing certification. For districts hoping to showcase their commitment to student health and well-being, WELL certification is an excellent standard to pursue in your next capital project.