Ä
Ĺ?
(1#!3.1 ēŊ Ŋ Ŋ }
Ä–ĹŠ : ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ ÂĄ
7dj[Y[Z[dj[i ;b i[Â&#x2039;eh Fh[i_Z[dj[ Z[ bW H[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW h[c_j_Â&#x152; [b '- Z[ [d[he Z[ (&'' [b e\_Y_e De$ J$+-'+#ID@#''#++" Z_h_]_Ze Wb :h$ FWjh_Y_e FWpc_Â&#x2039;e <h[_h[" Fh[i_Z[dj[" o feh ik _dj[h# c[Z_e W bW 9ehj[ 9edij_jkY_edWb" [b fheo[Yje Z[ [dc_[dZW Yedij_jkY_e# dWb o YedikbjW fefkbWh" [d l_hjkZ Z[ be Z_ifk[ije [d bei WhjÂ&#x2021;Ykbei //" '&& o i_]k_[dj[i Z[ bW B[o Eh]|d_YW Z[ =WhWdjÂ&#x2021;Wi @kh_iZ_YY_edWb[i o 9edjheb 9edij_jkY_edWb [b Yedj[# d_Ze Z[b H[\[hÂ&#x192;dZkc o 9edikbjW FefkbWh$ 9ed \[Y^W (+ Z[ [d[he Z[ (&'' bW 9|cWhW Z[ ?dZkijh_Wi o FheZkYY_Â&#x152;d ieb_Y_jÂ&#x152; WkZ_[dY_W W bW :hW$ D_dW FWYWh_ o :h$ HeX[hje 8^hkd_i W \_d Z[ _dijWh W bW 9ehj[ 9edij_jkY_edWb W [c_j_h kd Z_YjWc[d gk[ de l_eb[dj[ [b ;ijWZe Z[ :[h[Y^e" gk[ ]WhWdj_Y[ [b WXiebkje h[if[je W bei ]WhWdjÂ&#x2021;Wi Yedij_jkY_edWb[i" lWbeh[i Z[ceYh|# j_Yei o i[]kh_ZWZ `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YW$ 9ed \[Y^W (- Z[ [d[he Z[ (&'' bW 9|cWhW Z[ ?dZkijh_Wi o FheZkYY_Â&#x152;d fh[i[djÂ&#x152; ik Wb[]Wje [d Z[h[Y^e ieXh[ [b fheo[Yje Z[ [dc_[dZW Yedi# j_jkY_edWb o YedikbjW fefkbWh" Wdj[ bW :hW$ D_dW FWYWh_ o :h$ HeX[hje 8^hkd_i" [d l_hjkZ Z[b 7hj$ -+ Z[ bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW H[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW o 7hj$ '( Z[ bW B[o Eh]|d_YW Z[ =WhWdjÂ&#x2021;Wi @kh_iZ_YY_edWb[i o 9edjheb 9edij_jkY_edWb$ 9ed \[Y^W '+ Z[ \[Xh[he Z[ (&'' bW 9ehj[ 9edij_jkY_edWb h[iebl_Â&#x152; feh cWoehÂ&#x2021;W bW Yedij_jkY_edWb_ZWZ Z[ bWi fh[]kdjWi" h[\ehcWdZe ik Yedj[d_Ze$ CWhYe @khÂ&#x2021;Z_Ye 8Wi[ o 9edY[fjei \kdZWc[djWb[i 7$ ;ijWZe Z[ :[h[Y^e ;b 7hj$ ' Z[ bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW H[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW Z[b ;YkWZeh [ijWXb[Y[ gk[ Ă&#x2020;[b ;YkWZeh [i kd ;ijWZe Yedij_# jkY_edWb Z[ Z[h[Y^ei o `kij_Y_W" ieY_Wb" Z[ceYh|j_Ye" ieX[hWde" _dZ[f[dZ_[dj[" kd_jWh_e" _dj[hYkbjkhWb" fbkh_dWY_edWb o bW_Ye$ I[ eh]Wd_pW [d \ehcW Z[ h[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW
"(3.1 ĹŠ ÂĄ ĹŠ
Ĺ?Ä&#x192;Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;Ä&#x20AC;Ä Ä
Ĺ? +. Ĺ? Ä&#x152;Ĺ? Ĺ? +Ä?Ĺ?Ä&#x160;Ä&#x2020;Ä&#x201A;Ä&#x2030;
ĹŠ ĹŠ ÂĄ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠĹŠĹŠĹŠ'33/ľľ666Ä&#x201C;"#1#!'.#!4 ".1Ä&#x201C;!., (1#!!(¢-Ä&#x2013;ĹŠ 1#- 2ĹŠ8ĹŠÄ&#x2C6;Ä&#x2021;ĹŠ"#ĹŠ %.23.Ä&#x201D;ĹŠ "($Ä&#x201C;ĹŠ (5 -!.Ä&#x201D;ĹŠÄ&#x17D;3.Ä&#x201C;ĹŠ/(2.ŊġŊ #+_$.-.2Ä&#x2013;ĹŠÄ&#x2030;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x2C6;ÄąÄ&#x17D;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x2030;ÄľÄ&#x2030;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x17D;ÄąÄ&#x152;Ä&#x160;Ä&#x2C6;ÄľÄ&#x2030;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x2021;Ä&#x2021;ÄąÄ&#x2030;Ä&#x152;Ä&#x17D;ÄľÄ&#x2030;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x17D;Ä&#x2030;ÄąÄ&#x2C6;Ä&#x160;Ä&#x17D;ŊŊġŊ Äą, (+Ä&#x2013; ĹŠ)4"(!( +Äž"#1#!'.#!4 ".1Ä&#x201C;!.,ĹŠ
#$#1_-"4,ĹŠ8ĹŠ !.-24+3 ĹŠ/./4+ 1
o i[ ]eX_[hdW Z[ cWd[hW Z[iY[djhWb_pW# ZW$ BW ieX[hWdÂ&#x2021;W hWZ_YW [d [b fk[Xbe" YkoW lebkdjWZ [i [b \kdZWc[dje Z[ bW Wkjeh_# ZWZ" o i[ [`[hY[ W jhWlÂ&#x192;i Z[ bei Â&#x152;h]Wdei Z[b feZ[h fÂ&#x2018;Xb_Ye o Z[ bWi \ehcWi Z[ fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d Z_h[YjW fh[l_ijWi [d bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;dĂ&#x2021;$ FWhW kd i_ij[cW Z[ceYh|j_Ye [i Z[ l_jWb _cfehjWdY_W bWi XWi[i `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YWi gk[ ieij_[d[d [b c_ice" dkjh[d ik Z[iWhhebbe o be fhej[][d Z[ bWi YeokdjkhWi Z[b gk[^WY[h febÂ&#x2021;j_Ye$ FWhW [b ;ijWZe Z[ :[h[Y^e [i \kd# ZWc[djWb jWcX_Â&#x192;d gk[ i[ h[if[j[ [b fh_dY_f_e Z[ b[]Wb_ZWZ" bW _dZ[f[d# Z[dY_W Z[ bW \kdY_Â&#x152;d `kZ_Y_Wb1 gk[ i[ YkcfbW [b fh_dY_f_e Z[ b[]Wb_ZWZ o Yedij_jkY_edWb_ZWZ1 gk[ [n_ijW bW i[]kh_ZWZ `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YW" gk[ i[ ]WhWd# j_Y[d bei Z[h[Y^ei ^kcWdei" gk[ [n_ijW kdW Z_l_i_Â&#x152;d Z[ feZ[h[i fWhW b_c_jWh bei c_icei o \_dWbc[dj[ kd Yedjheb Yedij_jkY_edWb$ BW l_][dY_W Z[ kd ;ijWZe Z[ :[h[Y^e f[hc_j[ kd i_ij[cW Z[ ]eX_[hde gk[ i[ Wkje YedjhebW" feh c[Z_e Z[ bW i[fWhWY_Â&#x152;d Z[ feZ[h[i gk[ jhWZ_Y_edWbc[dj[ ^Wd i_Ze [b ;`[Ykj_le" B[]_ibWj_le o @kZ_Y_Wb" WÂ&#x2039;WZ_[dZe dk[ijhW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d Zei feZ[h[i c|i" bW <kdY_Â&#x152;d Z[ JhWdifWh[dY_W o 9edjheb IeY_Wb o bW <kdY_Â&#x152;d ;b[YjehWb$ ;ijW \ehjWb[# pW _dij_jkY_edWb Yh[W kd WcX_[dj[ \Â&#x192;hj_b o i[]khe fWhW bW _dl[hi_Â&#x152;d o fWhW [b Z[iWhhebbe b_Xh[ Z[ bei Y_kZW# ZWdei o feh [dZ[ fWhW [b Z[iWhhebbe Z[b fWÂ&#x2021;i$ =WhWdjÂ&#x2021;Wi Z[ bei :[h[Y^ei <kdZWc[djWb[i Z[ bWi F[hiedWi BW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d WYjkWb Z_ifed[ [d [b WhjÂ&#x2021;Ykbe ) gk[ ied Z[X[h[i fh_cehZ_Wb[i Z[b ;ijWZe" ]WhWdj_pWh i_d Z_iYh_c_dWY_Â&#x152;d Wb]kdW [b [\[Yj_le ]eY[ Z[ bei Z[h[Y^ei [ijWXb[Y_Zei [d bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d o [d bei _dijhkc[djei _dj[h# dWY_edWb[i$
;b ;ijWZe j_[d[ Yece eXb_]W# Y_Â&#x152;d \kdZWc[djWb Yedl[hj_hi[ [d kd ]WhWdj[ fWhW gk[ bWi f[hiedWi fk[ZWd [`[hY[h Z[ \ehcW [\[Yj_lW iki Z[h[Y^ei$ ;d YedYehZWdY_W [b 7hj$ *', De$ / h[YedeY[ Ă&#x2020;Wb Z[h[Y^e _dj[hdWY_edWb Yece dehcW Z[ Yed# ZkYjW$$$Ă&#x2021; o [b 7hj$ *'- [ijWXb[Y[ [b iec[j_c_[dje W bWi Z_ifei_Y_ed[i Z[ bei JhWjWZei ?dj[hdWY_edWb[i l_][dj[i$ Feh be jWdje" [ij|d fb[dWc[d# j[ l_][dj[i [d [b ;YkWZeh" bW 9WhjW 9edij_jkj_lW Z[ bW EDK" bW :[YbWhWY_Â&#x152;d Kd_l[hiWb Z[ bei :[h[Y^ei >kcWdei" [b FWYje Z[ :[h[Y^ei 9_l_b[i o FebÂ&#x2021;j_Yei" bW 9WhjW Z[ bW E;7" bW 9edl[dY_Â&#x152;d ?dj[hWc[h_YWdW Z[ :[h[Y^ei
>kcWdei" bW 9WhjW :[ceYh|j_YW Z[ bW Eh]Wd_pWY_Â&#x152;d Z[ ;ijWZei 7c[h_YWdei" [djh[ lWh_ei _dijhk# c[djei gk[ ]WhWdj_pWd bW fb[dW l_][dY_W Z[ bei Z[h[Y^ei o ]WhWdjÂ&#x2021;Wi Z[ bWi f[hiedWi$ 8$ I[]kh_ZWZ @khÂ&#x2021;Z_YW ;b 7hj$ .( Z[ bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW H[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW h[YedeY[ [b Z[h[Y^e W bW i[]kh_ZWZ `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YW" i[Â&#x2039;WbWdZe gk[0 Ă&#x2020;[b Z[h[Y^e W bW i[]kh_ZWZ `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YW i[ \kd# ZWc[djW [d [b h[if[je W bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d o [d bW [n_ij[dY_W Z[ dehcWi `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YWi fh[l_Wi" YbWhWi" fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YWi o Wfb_YWZWi feh bWi Wkjeh_ZWZ[i Yecf[j[dj[iĂ&#x2021;$ ;b Jh_XkdWb 9edij_jkY_edWb W^ehW 9ehj[ 9edij_jkY_edWb " h[Ye# ]_[dZe bW ZeYjh_dW _dj[hdWY_edWb"
^W i[Â&#x2039;WbWZe gk[ i[ [dj_[dZ[ feh i[]kh_ZWZ `khÂ&#x2021;Z_YW W Ă&#x2020;bW ikcW Z[ kdW i[h_[ Z[ \WYjeh[i" [djh[ [bbei bW Y[hj[pW o b[]Wb_ZWZ" `[hWhgkÂ&#x2021;W o fkXb_Y_ZWZ dehcWj_lW" _hh[jheWYj_# l_ZWZ Z[ be de \WlehWXb[" _dj[hZ_Y# Y_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW WhX_jhWh_[ZWZ" bei YkWb[i i[ [gk_b_XhWd fWhW fhecel[h" [d [b ehZ[d `khÂ&#x2021;Z_Ye" bW `kij_Y_W o bW _]kWb# ZWZ [d b_X[hjWZ$Ă&#x2021; ;dj[dZ[cei W bW i[]kh_ZWZ `khÂ&#x2021;# Z_YW Yece [b Ă&#x2020;fh_dY_f_e \kdZWc[d# jWb gk[ Wi[]khW kdW Yedl_l[dY_W WhcÂ&#x152;d_YW" Ykoe fh[ikfk[ije [i bW Wfb_YWY_Â&#x152;d [\[Yj_lW Z[ bW b[oĂ&#x2021;" bW YkWb j_[d[ lWh_Wi f[hif[Yj_lWi$ _ ;b iec[j_c_[dje Z[ bWi Wkjeh_ZW# Z[i W bW b[o1 __ ]hWY_Wi W bW l_][d# Y_W Z[ kd i_ij[cW b[]Wb Yed dehcWi fkXb_YWZWi o l_dYkbWdj[i fWhW jeZei" [i \WYj_Xb[ gk[ bei WYjei Z[ Wkjeh_ZWZ" _dYbki_l[ bei Z[ YWh|Yj[h `kh_iZ_YY_edWb" i[Wd fh[l_i_Xb[i" be gk[ f[hc_j[ W bei Y_kZWZWdei o W bei W][dj[i [YedÂ&#x152;c_Yei fbWd_\_YWh iki WYj_l_ZWZ[i o WYjkWh [d kd cWhYe Z[ b_X[hjWZ[i o ]WhWdjÂ&#x2021;Wi fh[[ijW# Xb[Y_ZWi jWdje h[if[Yje Z[ iki f[h# iedWi Yece Z[ iki fWjh_ced_ei1 ___ bW _djWd]_X_b_ZWZ Z[ bei Z[h[# Y^ei ikX`[j_lei Z[ bei Y_kZWZWdei o Z[ bWi b[]Â&#x2021;j_cWi [nf[YjWj_lWi Z[ bWi [cfh[iWi [ _dij_jkY_ed[i1 _l bW fb[dW o [\_YWp l_][dY_W Z[ fh[Y[fjei Yece bW fh[ikdY_Â&#x152;d Z[ _deY[dY_W" bW YeiW `kp]WZW [d bei \Wbbei o bWkZei WhX_jhWb[i" [b Ă&#x2020;fWYjW ikdj i[hlWdZWĂ&#x2021; [d bei YedjhWjei o [d bei jhWjWZei _dj[hdWY_edWb[i" bW [ijWX_b_ZWZ Z[ bei YedjhWjei" bW _cfk]dWX_b_ZWZ Z[ bei WYjei Z[ Wkjeh_ZWZ1 l bW fhej[YY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW fhef_[ZWZ o Z[ bWi _dl[hi_ed[i$ 9$ B_X[hjWZ o Fhef_[ZWZ ;d [b 7hj$ ,, Z[ bW 9edij_jkY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW H[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW Z[b ;YkWZeh i[ h[YedeY[ o ]WhWdj_pW [b Z[h[Y^e W bW b_X[hjWZ Z[ YedjhWjWY_Â&#x152;d o [b Z[h[# Y^e W bW fhef_[ZWZ [d jeZWi iki \ehcWi" Yed \kdY_Â&#x152;d o h[ifediWX_b_ZWZ ieY_Wb o WcX_[djWb$ ;n_ij[ kd lÂ&#x2021;dYkbe [l_Z[dj[ [djh[ bW b_X[hjWZ o bW h[ifediWX_b_ZWZ Z[ YkoW _dj[hZ[f[dZ[dY_W i[ Z[ifh[d# Z[d Y_[hjei bÂ&#x2021;c_j[i [d fhe Z[b X_[d YecÂ&#x2018;d o [b X_[d[ijWh ][d[hWb i_d c[deiYWXWh bW [i[dY_W Z[ bW b_X[h# jWZ _dZ_l_ZkWb$ ;i _dZ_if[diWXb[ gk[ [b heb Z[b ;ijWZe Yece kd WYjeh c|i `kdje W :FEK@EL8 <E C8 GĂ?>@E8 $ :)
Ĺ? Ĺ?
Ĺ?