Ä
Ä Ä Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ?Ä‚Ä€Ä Ä
Ĺ? +. Ĺ? ÄŒĹ? Ĺ? +Ä?Ĺ?ĊćĉĊ (1#!3.1 Ä“ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ }
"(3.1 ĹŠ ÂĄ ĹŠ
ĹŠ ĹŠ ÂĄ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠ ĹŠĹŠĹŠĹŠ'33/ľľ666Ä“"#1#!'.#!4 ".1Ä“!., (1#!!(¢-Ä–ĹŠ 1#- 2ĹŠ8ĹŠÄˆÄ‡ĹŠ"#ĹŠ %.23.ĔŊ "($Ä“ĹŠ (5 -!.ĔŊĎ3.Ä“ĹŠ/(2.ŊġŊ #+_$.-.2Ä–ĹŠÄ‰ÄŽÄŽÄˆÄąÄŽÄŽÄ‰ÄľÄ‰ÄŽÄŽÄŽÄąÄŒÄŠÄˆÄľÄ‰ÄŽÄ‡Ä‡ÄąÄ‰ÄŒÄŽÄľÄ‰ÄŽÄŽÄ‰ÄąÄˆÄŠÄŽĹŠĹŠÄˇĹŠ Äą, (+Ä– ĹŠ)4"(!( +Äž"#1#!'.#!4 ".1Ä“!.,ĹŠ
Ŋ 43.1~ Ŋ8Ŋ+ Ŋ/ 13(!(/ !(¢-
Ä–ĹŠ Ä“ĹŠ ĹŠ ^ ĹŠ ĹŠ
FWhW Yecfh[dZ[h bWi h[bWY_ed[i [djh[ bWi Z_l[hiWi \ehcWi Z[ _dj[h# l[dY_ÂŒd f[hiedWb [d kd Z[b_je" [i fh[Y_ie _Z[dj_\_YWh W gk_[d[i ied h[Wbc[dj[ Wkjeh[i o W bei fWhj‡# Y_f[i$ B7 7KJEHĂž70 ;d kd c_ice WYje j‡f_Ye fk[# Z[d _dj[hl[d_h lWh_Wi f[hiedWi WZ[c|i Z[b Wkjeh" gk[ i[ _Z[dj_# \_YW Yece gk_[d j_[d[ [b Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e" o i_d YkoW fh[i[dY_W de i[ ^WXh‡W fheZkY_Ze [b h[ikbjWZe$ ;b Wkjeh [d Yedi[Yk[dY_W Zec_# dW Z[ ceZe YediY_[dj[ bW YWkiWb_# ZWZ j‡f_YW ^WijW [b h[ikbjWZeQ'S BWi Wkjƒdj_YWi \ehcWi Z[ Wkje# h‡W ied bWi i_]k_[dj[i0 W bW gk[ [d ZeYjh_dW i[ YedeY[ Yece bW [`[Ykj_lW _dZ_l_ZkWb" Z_h[YjW e _dc[Z_WjW" e i[W gk[ [b Wkjeh eXhW feh i_ c_ice1 X bW YeWkjeh‡W" gk[ i[ ZW YkWdZe i[ h[Wb_pW kd ^[Y^e `kdjWc[dj[ Yed ejhei1 o" Y bW Wkje# h‡W c[Z_WjW" gk[ i[ Ykcfb[ feh c[Z_e Z[ ejhe" gk[ i_hl[ Yece _dijhkc[dje$ ;d jWdje gk[ bei fWhj‡Y_f[i ied bei gk[ _dZkY[d e YebWXehWd Yed [b Z[b_je$ 7kjeh‡W Z_h[YjW _dZ_l_ZkWb0 7kjeh Z_h[Yje [i [b gk[ h[Wb_pW [b Z[b_je Z[ ceZe Z_h[Yje o f[hiedWb$ I[ bW YedeY[ jWcX_ƒd Yece Wkje# h‡W _dc[Z_WjW$ 7kjeh Z_h[Yje e _dZ_l_ZkWb [i gk_[d [`[YkjW feh i_ c_ice bW WYY_ÂŒd j‡f_YW$Q(SQ(S ;i bW f[hie# dW gk[ h[Wb_pW bW [`[YkY_ÂŒd feh cWde fhef_W" i_d d[Y[i_ZWZ Z[ ejhWi f[hiedWi" be gk[ i_]d_\_YW gk[ j_[d[ [b Zec_d_e Z[ bW WYY_ÂŒd$ 7kjeh‡W C[Z_WjW0 ;d [ijW YbWi[ Z[ Wkjeh‡W" [b Wkjeh de h[Wb_pW Z_h[YjW o f[hiedWbc[dj[ [b Z[b_je" i_de gk[ i[ i_hl[ Z[ ejhW f[hiedW" ][d[hWbc[dj[ de h[ifediWXb[" gk[ [i gk_[d be h[Wb_pW$ ;b Wkjeh c[Z_Wje [i gk_[d Zec_# dW bW h[Wb_pWY_ÂŒd Z[b Z[b_je" feh# gk[ i_ kdW f[hiedW i[ i_hl[ Z[ ejhe Yece _dijhkc[dje Z[ h[Wb_pWY_ÂŒd Z[b Z[b_je" gk[ i_d iWX[hbe be [`[Yk# jW" [b YWij_]e h[YW[ ieXh[ [b Wkjeh
h[Wb o de [d [b _dijhkc[dje" YWie [d [b YkWb h_][ _]kWbc[dj[ [b Yh_j[# h_e Z[b Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e$ ;b Wkjeh c[Z_Wje Yec[j[ [b ^[Y^e feh c[Z_e Z[ ejhe" Æi[ i_hl[ Z[ ejhe i[h ^kcWde Yece _dijhk# c[dje$ I[ YWhWYj[h_pW [ijW Wkjeh‡W feh [b Zec_d_e Z[ bW lebkdjWZ Z[ ejhe$ BW f[hiedW h[Wb_pW [b j_fe f[dWb" f[he de Z[ fhef_W cWde i_de c[Z_Wdj[ ejhW f[hiedW" gk[ b[ i_hl[ W iki \_d[i fehgk[ de fk[Z[ efed[h h[i_ij[dY_W W bW lebkdjWZ Zec_dWdj[ Z[b Wkjeh c[Z_Wje$ÇQ)SQ)S 9eWkjeh‡W0 ;i bW h[Wb_pWY_ÂŒd Yed`kdjW Z[ kd Z[b_je feh lWh_Wi f[hiedWi gk[ YebWXehWd YediY_[d# j[ o lebkdjWh_Wc[dj[$ De ^Wo gk[ Yed\kdZ_h Yed bW Yedif_hWY_ÂŒd" fehgk[ [b YeWkjeh _dj[hl_[d[ Z[ Wb]‘d ceZe [d bW h[Wb_pWY_ÂŒd Z[b Z[b_je$ Ied YeWkjeh[i bei gk[ jecWd fWhj[ [d bW [`[YkY_ÂŒd Z[b ^[Y^e$ Fk[Z[ [n_ij_h YeWkjeh‡W [`[Yk# j_lW o YeWkjeh‡W de [`[Ykj_lW$ BW fh_c[hW" e i[W bW [`[Ykj_lW [i W ik l[p Z_h[YjW" [d bW gk[ bei Wkjeh[i h[Wb_pWd jeZei bei WYjei [`[Ykj_lei1 o" bW i[]kdZW" i[ YWhWYj[h_pW feh# gk[ [d [bbW i[ fheZkY[ kd h[fWhje Z[ jWh[Wi [`[Ykj_lWi" Z[ jWb \ehcW gk[ Wb]kde e Wb]kde Z[ bei YeWk# jeh[i d_ i_gk_[hW [ij|d fh[i[dj[i [d [b cec[dje Z[ bW [`[YkY_ÂŒd Z[b WYje$ Be \kdZWc[djWb [d bW YeWkjeh‡W [i jWcX_ƒd [b Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e gk[ j_[d[d lWh_Wi f[hiedWi [d l_hjkZ Z[b h[fWhje \kdY_edWb Z[ bei heb[i" [d [b gk[ feh _]kWb YWZW gk_[d Wikc[ bW h[ifediWX_b_ZWZ Z[ ik h[Wb_pWY_ÂŒd" f[he [b h[ikbjW# Ze jejWb Z[X[ i[h Wjh_Xk_Ze W YWZW YeWkjeh" _dZ[f[dZ_[dj[c[dj[ Z[ bW _dj[hl[dY_ÂŒd cWj[h_Wb$ De XWijW [b i_cfb[ WYk[hZe Z[ lebkdjWZ[i$ ;i d[Y[iWh_e gk[ i[ Yedjh_XkoW Z[ Wb]‘d ceZe [d bW h[Wb_pWY_ÂŒd Z[b Z[b_je" de d[Y[iWh_Wc[dj[ Yed WYjei [`[Ykj_lei" i_de gk[ bW Yed# jh_XkY_ÂŒd i[W Z[ jWb jhWiY[dZ[d# Y_W gk[ fk[ZW [ij_cWhi[ Yece kd [ibWXÂŒd [d [b c_ice$ ;b YeWkjeh [i kd Wkjeh" o Z[X[
j[d[h [b Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e" Wi‡ Yece bei [b[c[djei ikX`[j_lei Z[b j_fe" be gk[ i_]d_\_YW gk[ i[ [n_`W Zec_d_e \kdY_edWb$Q*S ;b \kdZWc[dje Z[ bW YeWkjeh‡W [i [b Zec_d_e \kdY_edWb Z[b ^[Y^e" e i[W bW d[Y[i_ZWZ o bW fei_X_b_ZWZ Z[ _cfkjWh [b ^[Y^e W lWh_ei Wkje# h[i ZWZe gk[ Z[ ejhW \ehcW" Z[X_# Ze W gk[ de ^Wo kd ‘d_Ye Wkjeh gk[ h[Wb_Y[ [d ik f[hiedW jeZei bei [b[c[djei Z[b j_fe" [b Z[b_je de be ^WXh‡W Yec[j_Ze dWZ_[ f[i[ W ^WX[hi[ fheZkY_Ze [b h[ikbjWZe$ Q+S
ZkYjW Z[X[h| j[d[h Wb]kdW [\_YW# Y_W YWkiWb" [d [b YecfehjWc_[dje Z[b Wkjeh o j[d[h WZ[c|i Y_[hjW f[b_]hei_ZWZ$ BW Yecfb_Y_ZWZ iebe [i fkd_Xb[ i_ [i ZebeiW$ BW YedZkYjW Z[b YŒcfb_Y[ Z[X[ i[h f[b_]heiW" Z[ cWd[hW gk[ h[fh[i[dj[ kd _dYh[c[dje h[b[# lWdj[ Z[ bWi fei_X_b_ZWZ[i Z[ ƒn_je Z[b Wkjeh o Yed [bbe Z[ fed[h [d f[b_]he kd X_[d `kh‡Z_Ye e Z[ b[i_e# dWhbe$ BW WfehjWY_Œd Z[b YŒcfb_Y[" Z[X[ i[h jWb gk[ bW Yec_i_Œd Z[b Z[b_je i[W c|i h|f_ZW" c|i i[]khW e c|i \|Y_b$
B7 F7HJ?9?F79?âD0 ;i bW Yeef[hWY_Â&#x152;d ZebeiW [d kd Z[b_je Zebeie$ I[ h[gk_[h[ kd ^[Y^e Z[b Wkjeh e Z[ bei YeWkjeh[i" Wb YkWb Yedjh_Xko[ [b fWhjÂ&#x2021;Y_f[$ ;d Yedi[# Yk[dY_W" bW fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d de [i kd YedY[fje WkjÂ&#x152;dece" i_de Z[f[d# Z_[dj[ Z[b YedY[fje Z[ Wkjeh$ <ehcWi Z[ fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d0 bW _dZkYY_Â&#x152;d o bW Yecfb_Y_ZWZ$ BW _dZkYY_Â&#x152;d0 I[ fheZkY[ YkWdZe kdW f[hiedW" bbWcWZW _dZkYjeh ^WY[ ikh]_h [d ejhW" gk[ [i [b _dZkY_Ze" bW _Z[W Z[ Yec[# j[h kd Z[b_je" f[he gk_[d Z[Y_Z[ e Zec_dW bW h[Wb_pWY_Â&#x152;d Z[b ^[Y^e [i [b _dZkY_Ze$ BW ZeYjh_dW h[YedeY[ gk[ fWhW gk[ ^WoW _dZkYY_Â&#x152;d i[ Z[X[d Ykcfb_h h[gk_i_jei0 ' gk[ ^WoW kdW Yed[n_Â&#x152;d YWkiWb Yed bW lebkdjWZ Z[b _dZkY_Ze1 ( gk[ bW _dY_jWY_Â&#x152;d i[W Z_h[YjW1 ) gk[ ^WoW kdW h[bWY_Â&#x152;d f[hiedWb [ _dc[Z_WjW [djh[ [b _dZkYjeh o [b Z[ij_dWjWh_e Z[ bW _dY_jWY_Â&#x152;d1 * gk[ bW _dZkYY_Â&#x152;d i[W [\_YWp" fWhW gk[ [b _dZkY_Ze Z[Y_ZW Yec[j[h [b Z[b_je o Yec_[dY[ bW [`[YkY_Â&#x152;d Z[b ^[Y^e$ De ^Wo gk[ Yed\kdZ_h bW _dZkY# Y_Â&#x152;d Yed bW i_cfb[ h[Yec[dZWY_Â&#x152;d e Yedi[`e Wb Wkjeh Z[b Z[b_je$ BW Yecfb_Y_ZWZ0 ;i kdW Yedjh_# XkY_Â&#x152;d W bW h[Wb_pWY_Â&#x152;d Z[ kd Z[b_# je Yed WYjei Wdj[h_eh[i e i_ckb# j|d[ei W bW c_icW" f[he gk[ de fk[Z[d i[h Yedi_Z[hWZei Yece WkjehÂ&#x2021;W$ I[ YWij_]W Yed kdW f[dW _d\[h_eh W bW fh[l_ijW fWhW bei Wkjeh[i Z[b Z[b_je$ ;d bW Yecfb_Y_ZWZ" bW Yed#
: ? < ; H ; D 9 ? 7 I ;DJH; 7KJEHĂ&#x17E;7 O F7HJ?9?F79?âD0 :e]c|j_YWc[dj[ [i \kdZW# c[djWb Z_\[h[dY_Wh bW WkjehÂ&#x2021;W Z[ bW fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d" oW gk[ Â&#x192;ijW ikfed[ i_[cfh[ bW [n_ij[dY_W Z[ kd Wkjeh fh_dY_fWb [d \kdY_Â&#x152;d Z[b YkWb i[ j_f_\_YW [b ^[Y^e Yec[j_Ze$ BW fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d [i WYY[ieh_W o bW WkjehÂ&#x2021;W [i fh_dY_fWb$ BW Z_\[h[dY_W Z[X[ XkiYWhi[ Yed Yh_j[h_e eX`[j_le#cWj[h_Wb$ ;ij[ Yh_j[h_e i[]Â&#x2018;d bei Wkjeh[i [i [b Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e" o XW`e [ij[ Yh_j[h_e" Ă&#x2020;[b Wkjeh [i gk_[d Zec_dW \_dWbc[dj[ bW h[Wb_pWY_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[b_# jeĂ&#x2021;" e i[W Ă&#x2020;gk_[d Z[Y_Z[ [d bÂ&#x2021;d[Wi ][d[hWb[i [b i_ o [b Yece Z[ ik h[W# b_pWY_Â&#x152;dĂ&#x2021;$ ;d Yedi[Yk[dY_W" iebe Z[X[ Yedi_Z[hWhi[ Wkjeh W gk_[d j[d]W bW Â&#x2018;bj_cW fWbWXhW o Z[Y_ZW i_ [b Z[b_je i[ Yec[j[ e de$Q,S ;b YedY[fje Z[ fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d WbYWdpW W bei YÂ&#x152;cfb_Y[i [ _dij_]W# Zeh[i" e W bei gk[ _dZkY[d" fehgk[ iki WYY_ed[i Yedjh_Xko[d W bW h[W# b_pWY_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[b_je feh [b Wkjeh$ BW fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d [i bW YebWXehWY_Â&#x152;d Yed kd ^[Y^e W`[de" de [i kd Yed# Y[fje WkjÂ&#x152;dece$ B7 7KJEH?7 ;D ;B 9â:?=E F;D7B ;9K7JEH?7DE ;b WhjÂ&#x2021;Ykbe *( Z[b 9Â&#x152;Z_]e F[dWb h[Ye][ Wb]kdWi \ehcWi Z[ Wkje# hÂ&#x2021;W f[he i_d bW ik\_Y_[dj[ YbWh_ZWZ$ 9ed\kdZ[ bW WkjehÂ&#x2021;W Yed bWi \eh# cWi Z[ fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d" Yece ied0 bW _dZkYY_Â&#x152;d o bW Yecfb_Y_ZWZ" Yece i[ WZl_[hj[ Z[ ik j[nje" Z[b YkWb
i[ _d\_[h[ gk[ fWhW bW b[]_ibWY_Â&#x152;d f[dWb [YkWjeh_WdW ied Wkjeh[i0 '$# Gk_[d[i ^Wd f[hf[jhWZe bW _d\hWYY_Â&#x152;d" i[W Z[ kdW cWd[hW Z_h[YjW [ _dc[Z_WjW" i[W WYed# i[`WdZe e _dij_]WdZe W ejhe fWhW gk[ bW Yec[jW" YkWdZe [b Yedi[# `e ^W Z[j[hc_dWZe bW f[hf[jhW# Y_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[b_je0 ;ijWi YedY[fY_ed[i Z[ WkjehÂ&#x2021;W c[h[Y[d i[h WdWb_pWZWi" W \_d Z[ WZ[YkWhbWi W bWi \ehcWi Z[ h[i# fediWX_b_ZWZ W bW bkp Z[ bW ZeY# jh_dW o Z[ bW Ze]c|j_YW$ I_ i[ h[\_[h[ W bW WkjehÂ&#x2021;W Z_h[YjW gk[ W ik l[p [i _dc[Z_WjW" e i[W gk[ [b gk[ h[Wb_pW [b WYje jÂ&#x2021;f_Ye j_[d[ [b Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e" de [i fhef_e _djheZkY_h Yece \ehcW Z[ WkjehÂ&#x2021;W bW _dij_]WY_Â&#x152;d e _dZkYY_Â&#x152;d" oW gk[ de be [i" i_de kdW \ehcW Z[ fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d$ ?dij_]Wh" [i _dY_jWh" fheleYWh e _dZkY_h W kde W gk[ ^W]W kdW YeiW$ BW _dij_]WY_Â&#x152;d [i Z[j[hc_dWh _dj[dY_edWbc[dj[ W ejhe fWhW gk[ Yec[jW Z[b_je$ BW _dij_]WY_Â&#x152;d [i kdW \ehcW WYY[ieh_W Z[ fWhj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d$ ;b _dij_]WZeh gk_[h[ [b ^[Y^e" f[he be gk_[h[ fheZkY_Ze feh ejhe" i_d [cXWh]e de [i Wkjeh c[Z_W# je Yece be [nfh[iW @_cÂ&#x192;d[p Z[ 7iÂ&#x2018;W$ ($# Bei gk[ ^Wd _cf[Z_Ze e fheYkhWZe _cf[Z_h gk[ i[ [l_j[ bW [`[YkY_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[b_je0 Bei gk[ h[Wb_Y[d WYjei Z[ [iW dWjkhWb[pW de ied Wkjeh[i" d_ Z_h[Yjei d_ _dZ_h[Yjei" fehgk[ fWhW [bbei i[ h[gk_[h[ kdW _dj[h# l[dY_Â&#x152;d [d bW h[Wb_pWY_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[b_je" Yed WXiebkje Zec_d_e Z[b ^[Y^e$ )$# Gk_[d[i ^Wd Z[j[hc_dWZe bW f[hf[jhWY_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[b_je o be ^Wd [\[YjkWZe lWb_Â&#x192;dZei[ Z[ ejhWi f[hiedWi" _cfkjWXb[i e de _cfkjWXb[i" c[Z_Wdj[ fh[# Y_e" Z|Z_lW" fhec[iW" ehZ[d e YkWbgk_[h ejhe c[Z_e \hWkZk# b[dje o Z_h[Yje1 ;d [ij[ YWie [ijWcei [d bW WkjehÂ&#x2021;W c[Z_WjW" [d bW gk[ [b Wkjeh c[Z_Wje [i gk_[d Yec[j[ [b ^[Y^e :FEK@EL8 <E C8 GĂ?>@E8 $ :)
Ĺ? Ĺ?
Ĺ?