125. AUKTION GEPRÄGTES GOLD AUS DREI JAHRTAUSENDEN SAMMLUNG RUSSLAND 19. Juni 2007 Steigenberger Hotel Remarque Osnabrück Natruper-Tor-Wall 1 Hotel-Telefon (05 41) 60 96 633 Hotel-Fax (05 41) 60 96 634 (nur während der Auktion/only during the auction/ uniquement pendant la vente/solamente durante l'asta)
ZEITPLAN AUKTIONEN 125 - 128 AUKTION 125 GEPRÄGTES GOLD AUS DREI JAHRTAUSENDEN SAMMLUNG RUSSLAND
AUKTION 126 SAMMLUNG FRIEDRICH OTTO, PASSENDORF BRANDENBURG–PREUSSEN NUMISMATISCHE LITERATUR AUKTION 127 MÜNZEN UND MEDAILLEN AUS MITTELALTER UND NEUZEIT
Dienstag, den 19. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 1 bis Nr. 654 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 655 bis Nr. 1605 Mittwoch, den 20. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 2001 bis Nr. 2591 14.00 Uhr - 14.30 Uhr Nr. 2592 bis Nr. 2772 14.30 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 3001 bis Nr. 3834 Donnerstag, den 21. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 3835 bis Nr. 4451 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 4452 bis Nr. 5527
AUKTION 128 ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN
Detaillierter Zeitplan siehe Seite 5 Besichtigungen siehe Seite 8 Horaire détaillé voir page 5 Exposition des monnaies voir page 8
Freitag, den 22. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 6001 bis Nr. 6605 14.00 Uhr - 15.30 Uhr Nr. 6606 bis Nr. 6875
Detailed timetable view page 5 Viewing of auction good view page 8 Calendario dettagliato veda pagina 5 Esposizione veda pagina 8
UNSERE ADRESSE OUR ADDRESS
Fritz Rudolf Künker e. K. Münzenhandlung Gutenbergstr. 23 · 49076 Osnabrück Telefon: 05 41-96 20 20 Telefax: 05 41-96 20 222 Gebührenfreie Rufnummer: 08 00-58 36 537 International calls: International fax:
+49 (0)5 41-96 20 20 +49 (0)5 41-96 20 222
Während der Auktion/During the auction Steigenberger Hotel Remarque: Telefon: Fax:
+49 (0)5 41-60 96 633 +49 (0)5 41-60 96 634
Ust.-Id.-Nr.: DE 117 620 142 UNSERE GESCHÄFTSZEITEN OPENING HOURS
Montag-Donnerstag Freitag Sonnabend Saturday
9.00 - 17.00 Uhr 9.00 - 15.30 Uhr nach Vereinbarung by prior appointment
Außerhalb unserer Geschäftszeit steht unseren Kunden ein automatischer Anrufbeantworter zur Verfügung. Answering machine available after opening hours.
WWW.KUENKER.DE E-MAIL: SERVICE@KUENKER.DE
Auf unserer Internetseite haben Sie die Möglichkeit: • die Abbildungen zu vergrößern • Ihre Gebote direkt per Email abzugeben • die Ergebnisse der Auktionen abzurufen On our website you have the possibility: • to zoom all images • to place your bids • to view all auction results
IHRE ANSPRECHPARTNER CONTACT
Abwicklung der Aufträge und Einlieferungen
Gisela Thomas, Prokuristin Telefon: (05 41) 96 20 221 Annahme von Einlieferungen Staff members accepting consignments
Dr. Andreas Kaiser Telefon: (05 41) 96 20 254 Arne Kirsch, Prokurist Telefon: (05 41) 96 20 234 Oliver Köpp, Prokurist Telefon: (05 41) 96 20 229 Jens-Ulrich Thormann MA (Antike Münzen) Telefon: (05 41) 96 20 242 Mitglied Verband der Deutschen Münzenhändler e. V. Associaton Internationale des Numismates Professionnels (AINP) 2
HINWEISE FÜR UNSERE BIETENDEN AUKTIONSKUNDEN 1. 2.
Die Auktionsbedingungen finden Sie am Ende dieses Katalogs. Bitte senden Sie uns Ihre Aufträge möglichst frühzeitig zu. Wenn uns Ihr Auftrag erst kurz vor der Auktion erreicht, können sich bei der Bearbeitung Fehler einschleichen. 3. Das beiliegende Formular macht es Ihnen leicht, ein schriftliches Gebot abzugeben. Falls Sie Ihre Gebote faxen möchten: unser Telefax 0541 96 20 222 steht Ihnen Tag und Nacht zur Verfügung. 4. Die von Ihnen ersteigerten Objekte werden Ihnen innerhalb von acht Tagen nach Beendigung der Auktion zugeschickt. Die Aufträge werden in der Reihenfolge des Eingangs bearbeitet, d. h. die zuerst eingegangenen Aufträge werden auch zuerst bearbeitet. Auch alle Bieter, die keinen Zuschlag erhalten haben, werden von uns nach der Auktion benachrichtigt. 5. Wenn Sie telefonisch bieten möchten, rufen Sie bitte vor der Auktion unseren Kundenservice an. Frau Thomas freut sich auf Ihren Anruf entweder direkt unter 0541 – 96 20 221 oder gebührenfrei unter 0800 – 5 83 65 37. 6. Wenn Sie als neuer Kunde noch nicht bei uns gekauft haben, ist es empfehlenswert, wenn Sie uns Referenzen angeben. Nennen Sie uns eine Münzhandlung, mit der Sie bereits in Geschäftsverbindung stehen. Oder rufen Sie unseren Kundenservice an. Telefon 0541 – 96 20 221 oder gebührenfrei unter 0800 – 5 83 65 37. 7. Unsere Broschüre “DIE KÜNKER-AUKTIONEN: WIE BIETE ICH ERFOLGREICH?“ liegt in jedem Katalog und ist für Sie eine nützliche Hilfe. 8. Die Echtheit aller verkauften Objekte wird auch über die gesetzliche Frist hinaus gewährleistet. 9. Alle Kunden, die als Bieter an einer unserer Auktionen teilnehmen, erhalten innerhalb von zwei Wochen nach der Auktion unsere Ergebnisliste gratis. 10. Sie haben Fragen zu einer bestimmten Münze? Sie möchten persönlich an unserer Auktion teilnehmen? Sie haben andere Fragen? Unser Kundenservice freut sich auf Ihren Anruf, entweder direkt unter 0541 – 96 20 221 oder gebührenfrei unter 0800 – 5 83 65 37.
RENSEIGNEMENTS A L'ATTENTION DE NOS CLIENTS DES VENTES AUX ENCHERES 1.
Vous trouverez les conditions générales de vente aux enchères à la fin de ce catalogue. 2. Veuillez nous faire parvenir vos ordres le plus tôt possible. Si vos ordres nous parviennent juste avant la vente aux enchères, des erreurs risquent d’être commises lors de leur traitement. 3. Le formulaire ci-joint vous aidera à rédiger facilement votre offre. Si vous souhaitez faxer votre offre, vous pourrez le faire 24 heures sur 24 au +49 (0)541 – 96 20 222. 4. Les objets dont vous serez adjudicataire vous seront envoyés dans les huit jours suivant la fin de la vente aux enchères. Les commandes seront prises en compte dans l’ordre de leur arrivée, c’est-à-dire que les commandes nous parvenant les premières seront d’abord traitées. Après la vente aux enchères, nous préviendrons tous les enchérisseurs n’ayant pas obtenu l’adjudication. 5. Si vous souhaitez faire des enchères par téléphone, veuillez appeler aupravant notre service clientèle. Madame Thomas sera heureuse de vous répondre directement au +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221. 6. Si vous êtes un nouveau client et n’avez encore fait aucune acquisition chez nous, il serait conseillé de nous fournir quelques références. Indiquez nous si vous traitez déjà avec un professionnel du commerce des monnaies. Ou contactez notre service clientèle au +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221. 7. Notre brochure intitulée : »DIE KÜNKER-AUKTIONEN : WIE BIETE ICH ERFOLGREICH?“ (»Les ventes aux enchères de Künker : comment faire une enchère réussie ? « ) jointe dans chaque catalogue vous sera très utile. 8. L’authenticité des pièces vendues sera garantie même au-delà des délais légaux. 9. Tous les clients participant à l’une de nos ventes aux enchères en tant qu’enchérisseurs recevront gratuitement une liste de résultats dans les deux semaines suivant la vente aux enchères. 10. Vous avez des questions concernant une pièce particulière ? Vous désirez prendre part personnellement à notre vente aux enchères ? Vous avez d’autres questions ? Notre service clientèle se fera un plaisir de vous répondre au +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR PLACING BIDS 1.
The terms and conditions of the auction can be found at the end of this catalogue. 2. Please send us your instructions as early as possible. The likelihood of errors occurring increases if we do not receive your instructions until shortly before the auction. 3. The enclosed form makes it simple for you to submit a written bid. Our fax machine +49 (0)541 – 96 20 222 is on standby day and night in case you wish to fax your bids. 4. The objects which you purchase will be delivered to you within eight days of the close of auction. Instructions are processed in the same order as they were received – in other words, the first instructions to be received are the first to be processed. All unsuccessful bidders will be also informed after the auction. 5. If you would like to bid by telephone, please ring our customer service beforehand. Mrs. Thomas will be pleased to speak to you on +49 (0)541 96 20 221. 6. If you are a new customer who has not yet bought anything through us, we recommend that you give us references. Name a coin dealer with whom you have already done business. Or call our customer service on +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221. 7. Our brochure „DIE KÜNKER-AUKTIONEN: WIE BIETE ICH ERFOLGREICH?“ ("The Künker auctions: How to bid successfully?“) is enclosed in every catalogue and will prove useful to you. 8. The genuineness of all sold objects is also warranted beyond the statutory length of time. 9. All customers who participate as bidders in our auction receive our list of results free of charge within two weeks of the close of auction. 10. Do you have questions about a particular coin? Would you like to participate personally in our auction? Do you have any other questions? Our customer service team will be pleased to help you – call on +49 (0)541 96 20 221.
INFORMAZIONI PER GLI OFFERENTI DELLE NOSTRE ASTE 1. 2.
Le condizioni d’asta si trovano alla fine di questo catalogo. Siete pregati di inviarci i vostri ordini il più presto possibile. Se il vostro ordine ci perviene poco tempo prima dell’apertura dell’asta, si possono verificare errori nell’elaborazione dello stesso. 3. Per le vostre offerte scritte potete utilizzare il modulo allegato al catalogo. Nel caso voleste trasmettere le vostre offerte per fax, siete pregati di inviarle al seguente numero: +49 (0)541-96 20 222. 4. Gli oggetti che avete acquistato all’asta vi saranno spediti entro otto giorni dal termine della stessa. Gli ordini vengono evasi in base alla data di ricevimento, quindi hanno precedenza quelli pervenuti prima. Anche gli offerenti che non hanno avuta alcuna aggiudicazione riceveranno una nostra comunicazione al termine dell’asta. 5. Se desiderate la partecipazione telefonica in diretta durante l´asta, siete pregati di chiamare prima la consulenza ai clienti. La sig.ra Thomas, raggiungibile al numero diretto +49 (0)541- 96 20 221, sará a vostra disposizione. 6. Se siete clienti nuovi e non avete mai acquistato da noi, vi proponiamo di inviarci delle referenze. Dateci il nome di un negozio di monete presso il quale avete già fatto degli acquisti, oppure chiamate la nostra consulenza ai clienti al numero +49 (0)541 96 20 221. 7. Nel nostro opuscolo « DIE KÜNKER-AUKTIONEN : WIE BIETE ICH ERFOLGREICH?“ („Aste Künker: come avere successo nelle offerte?“), allegato ad ogni catalogo, troverete consigli utili. 8. Il certificato d’autenticità di tutti gli oggetti venduti viene rilasciato anche oltre i termini privisti per legge. 9. Tutti i clienti che hanno partecipato ad una nostra asta riceveranno gratuitamente l´elenco delle aggiudicazioni entro quindici giorni dal termine della stessa. 10. Avete delle domande su una moneta in particolare ? Desiderate partecipare personalmente ad una nostra asta? Avete altre domande? Rivolgetevi al nostro Servizio Clienti al numero +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221.
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WICHTIGE HINWEISE FÜR UNSERE EINLIEFERER 1.
Unser Expertenteam garantiert Ihnen eine fachgerechte Bearbeitung der von Ihnen eingelieferten Stücke. 2. Die Schätzpreise werden von uns aufgrund unserer hervorragenden Marktkenntnisse sorgfältig festgelegt. Die Stücke werden zu 80% der im Katalog angegebenen Schätzpreise ausgerufen. Durch diese Regelung werden Sie als Einlieferer geschützt. Für nicht verkaufte Objekte werden keine Gebühren erhoben. 3. Der Standard unserer Kataloge ist von hoher Qualität und findet internationale Anerkennung. Wir haben eine der besten Kundendateien, die es weltweit gibt. 4, Von der individuellen Betreuung unserer Kunden profitieren auch Sie als Einlieferer. 5. Als Einlieferer erhalten Sie Ihren Auktionserlös innerhalb von 45 Tagen nach der Auktion. Sonderregelungen sind nach Absprache möglich. 6. Auf Wunsch kann Ihre Einlieferung bei Ihnen zuhause abgeholt werden. Ab € 2.500,-- Einlieferungssumme übernehmen wir die Kosten, ab € 25.000,-können wir unter Umständen an einem vereinbarten Ort Ihre Einlieferung nach Absprache gerne auch persönlich entgegennehmen. Selbstverständlich ist Ihr Versteigerungsgut durch uns versichert. 7. Nicht alle Münzen eignen sich, als Einzelstücke aufgenommen zu werden. Vertrauen Sie auf die Erfahrung unserer Experten, die niedrigpreisige Münzen liebevoll zu interessanten Lots zusammenstellen. 8. Der Schätzwert Ihrer Einlieferung sollte mindestens € 1.000,-- betragen. 9. Ihre Einlieferung wird Ihnen sofort bei Übernahme durch ein Protokoll quittiert. Spätestens fünf Wochen vor der Auktion erhalten Sie eine genaue Auflistung Ihrer Objekte mit den dazugehörenden Katalognummern. 10. Innerhalb einer Woche nach der Auktion erhalten Sie bereits die Ergebnisliste und können alle erzielten Preise feststellen. 11. Profitieren Sie von der Anziehungskraft eines führenden Unternehmens. Bitte wenden Sie sich bei Fragen an unseren Kundenservice unter Leitung von Frau Gisela Thomas direkt unter 0541 – 96 20 221 oder gebührenfrei unter 0800 – 5 83 65 37. 12. Unsere Verträge für Einlieferungen können Sie unverbindlich anfordern. Haben Sie noch Fragen? Frau Thomas freut sich auf Ihren Anruf. Telefon: 0541 – 96 20 221 oder gebührenfrei unter 0800 5 83 65 37.
RENSEIGNEMENTS IMPORTANTS A L'ATTENTION DES VENDEURS 1.
Notre équipe d’experts garantit une prise en charge compétente des pièces que vous nous confiez. 2. Notre excellente connaissance du marché nous permet de fixer soigneusement les prix estimés. Les pièces seront mises aux enchères à un prix représentant 80% du prix estimé indiqué dans le catalogue. Cette réglementation vous protège en tant que vendeur. Aucuns frais ne seront prélevés sur les pièces invendues. 3. Nos catalogues ont un niveau qualitatif élevé, reconnu au plan international. Nous disposons d’un des meilleurs fichiers clients du monde. 4. En tant que vendeur, vous profiterez vous aussi du suivi personnalisé que nous offrons à nos clients. 5. Le vendeur recevra le produit de la vente dans les 45 jours qui suivront les enchères. Des dispositions spéciales pourront être prises sur accord préalable. 6. Nous prendrons en charge les frais d´expédition des pièces dont le montant sera supérieur à € 2.500,--: Si leur montant est supérieur à € 25.000,--, l´un de nos employés se poudra charger de prendre la livraison à un lieu concordée. En concertation, notre assurance couvrira tous les risques. 7. Les pièces de monnaie ne se prêtent pas toutes à une vente individuelle. Faites confiance à l’expérience de nos spécialistes qui se chargeront avec plaisir de rassembler les pièces bon marché de manière à constituer des lots intéressants. 8. La valeur estimée des pièces fournies devrait s’élever à un minimum de € 1.000,--. 9. Au moment de la prise en charge, vous recevrez un détail des pièces fournies. Au plus tard cinq semaines avant la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez une liste exacte de vos pièces avec les numéros de catalogue correspondants. 10. Dans la semaine qui suivra la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez déjà la liste de ses résultats et pourrez prendre connaissance des prix obtenus. 11. Profitez de l’attrait du leader du marché. Pour tout renseignement, veuillez-vous adresser à notre service clientèle sous la direction de madame Gisela Thomas : +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221. 12. Vous pouvez demander sans engagement de votre part nos contrats de dépôt de pièces? Vous avez d’autres questions? Madame Thomas sera heureuse de vous répondre au +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221.
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IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR OUR CONSIGNERS 1.
Our team of specialists guarantees an expert treatment of the consigned items. 2. The estimates are carefully established by us due to our excellent knowledge of the market. Bidding for the items is then started at 80 % of the estimate price stated in the catalogue. This arrangement protects you as a consigner. Unsold items incur no fees. 3. The standard offered in our catalogue is of the highest quality, and is recognised internationally. We have one of the best clientele lists worldwide. 4. You as a consigner also profit from the individual consultation offered to our customers. 5. As a consigner, you receive the auction proceeds within 45 days of the close of auction. Special arrangements can be made following discussion. 6. For consignments with a value over € 2.500,-- we may bear the transportation costs. For deliveries over € 25.000,-- we may personally collect the items at an arranged place after prior consultation. Upon consultation, the shipping of your goods could be covered by our insurance. 7. Not all coins are suited to be registered as individual items. Trust in our expert´s experience as they carefully combine less-valuable coins into interesting lots. 8. The valuation price of your delivery should be at least € 1.000,--. 9. Your delivery is confirmed in writing immediately on receipt. At least five weeks before the auction, you receive an exact list of your objects with the relevant catalogue numbers. 10. Within a week of the close of auction, you receive a list with the results in order to see what prices were reached for each individual lot. 11. Profit from our position as a leading coin dealer. If you have any questions, please contact our customer service team which is headed by Mrs. Gisela Thomas – directly on +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221. 12. Would you like to receive copies of our contracts for consigner, without making any commitment? Do you have any other questions? Mrs. Thomas will be pleased to help you – please call on +49 (0)541 – 96 20 221.
INFORMAZIONI PER I NOSTRI DEPOSITANTI 1.
Il nostro team di esperti assicura un trattamento accurato dei pezzi che ci avete inviato. 2. Eseguiamo valutazioni finalizzate alla vendita. I prezzi di stima sono frutto della nostra eccezionale conoscenza del mercato e della nostra attenta valutazione. La base d´asta ammonta all´80% del prezzo di stima indicato sul catalogo. Non si addebitano spese per gli oggetti invenduti. 3. I nostri cataloghi sono di alta qualità e sono riconosciuti a livello internazionale. I nostri clienti sono fra i migliori al mondo. 4. Come depositanti potete beneficiare dell’assistenza riservata a ciascuno dei nostri clienti. 5. Come depositanti riceverete gli importi realizzati all’asta entro 45 giorni dal termine della stessa. Si possono concordare condizioni particolari. 6. A partire da un controvalore degli oggetti di € 2.500,--i costi del trasporto sono a nostro carico, mentre a partire da un controvalore di € 25.000 gli oggetti possono essere ritirati personalmente da un nostro incaricato ad un posto concordato. Naturalmente il trasporto dei vostri oggetti puó essere assicurato tramite la nostra assicurazione. 7. Non tutte le monete possono essere negoziate singolarmente. Fidatevi dell´esperienza dei nostri esperti, che raggruppano le monete non molto preziose in lotti di sicuro interesse. 8. Il valore stimato degli oggetti depositati deve ammontare ad almeno € 1.000,--. 9. Nel momento in cui gli oggetti sono presi in consegna, viene rilasciata una ricevuta numerata. Riceverete un elenco preciso degli oggetti che avete depositato con i relativi numeri di catalogo al massimo cinque settimane prima dell’asta. 10. Riceverete l’elenco degli oggetti aggiudicati entro una settimana dalla chiusura dell’asta. Potrete cosi verificare i prezzi realizzati. 11. Approfittate della capacità di un leader di mercato per aumentare il valore dei vostri oggetti. Se avete delle domande, rimaniamo a vostra disposizione per qualsiasi necessità. Rivolgetevi alla nostra consulenza ai clienti diretta dalla sig.ra Gisela Thomas al numero +49 (0)541-91 20 221. 12. Volete ricevere i nostri contratti senza impegno? Avete altre domande? Potete contattare la sig.ra Gisela Thomas al numero +49 (0)541-96 20 221.
DETAILLIERTER ZEITPLAN AUKTIONEN 125-128 AUKTION 125 GEPRÄGTES GOLD AUS DREI JAHRTAUSENDEN SAMMLUNG RUSSLAND
Dienstag, den 19. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 1 bis Nr. 654 Goldprägungen: Antike, Europa, Übersee 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 655 bis Nr. 1605 Goldprägungen: Habsburgische Erblande-Österreich, Deutschland, Goldmedaillen, Goldmünzenlots; Sammlung Russland
AUKTION 126 DIE SAMMLUNG FRIEDRICH OTTO, PASSENDORF MÜNZEN UND MEDAILLEN VON BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN NUMISMATISCHE LITERATUR AUKTION 127 MÜNZEN UND MEDAILLEN AUS MITTELALTER UND NEUZEIT
AUKTION 127
Mittwoch, den 20. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 2001 bis Nr. 2591 14.00 Uhr - 14.30 Uhr Nr. 2592 bis Nr. 2772 14.30 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 3001 bis Nr. 3834 Deutsche Silbermünzen und -medaillen: Aachen - Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha Donnerstag, den 21. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 3835 bis Nr. 4451 Deutsche Silbermünzen und -medaillen: Salm - Würzburg, Sammlung Brettsteine, Medaillen, Notmünzen, Papiergeld, Münzbecher, Lots, Habsburgische Erblande - Österreich Teil I 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 4452 bis Nr. 5527 Habsburgische Erblande-Österreich Teil II, Europa, Übersee; Deutsche Münzen seit 1871
AUKTION 128 ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN
Freitag, den 22. Juni 2007 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 6001 bis Nr. 6605 Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation, Deutsche Staaten bis 1918, Weimarer Republik, Deutsches Reich, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Freimaurer-Deutschland, deutsche und ausländische Gruppen, Spangen, Miniaturkettchen und -spangen, ausländische Konvolute, Ausländische Orden und Ehrenzeichen: Äthiopien - Spanien Teil I 14.00 Uhr - 15.30 Uhr Nr. 6606 bis Nr. 6875 Spanien Teil II - Venezuela
BESICHTIGUNGEN
Besichtigung des Auktionsgutes in unseren Geschäftsräumen, Gutenbergstr. 23, 49076 Osnabrück, ab dem 21.05.2007, nach vorheriger telefonischer Vereinbarung unter Nr. 05 41 - 96 20 221. 5
INHALT AUKTION 125 Nr. GEPRÄGTES GOLD AUS DREI JAHRTAUSENDEN
1
-
1080
9
-
143
1 1 5 20 46 65
-
69 4 19 45 63 69
9
-
9 12 17
-
19 9 12 17 19 19
Europäische Goldmünzen und -medaillen Albanien Belgien Dänemark Finnland Frankreich Griechenland Großbritannien Italien Jugoslawien Malta Monaco Montenegro Niederlande Norwegen Polen Portugal Rumänien Schweden Schweiz Spanien Tschechien Türkei Ungarn
70 70 77 92 98 109 218 226 274 364 367 372 377 381 400 408 418 430 435 444 454 477 484 490
-
500 76 89 97 108 217 225 273 363 365 371 376 380 399 407 417 429 433 443 451 476 483 489 500
20
-
20
-
23 24 36 37 44
-
54
-
56
-
59 60
-
62 63 64 66
-
68
-
Goldmünzen und -medaillen aus Übersee Ägypten Australien Brasilien Chile China Costa Rica Gabun Indien Iran Japan Kolumbien Mexiko Peru Tschad Tunesien Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika / USA
501 501 515 517 521 527 531 533 536 542 545 549 558 562 565 574 576
-
654 512 516 520 526 530 532 535 541 544 546 556 561 563 573 575 652
70
-
71
-
73
-
76
-
78
-
85 70 71 71 72 72 72 73 74 74 74 75 75 76 77 77 85
Goldmünzen der Habsburgischen Erblande - Österreich Römisch-Deutsches Reich Kaiserreich Österreich Republik Österreich Geistlichkeit Habsburgische Städte
655
-
802
86
-
103
656 697 743 750 801
-
696 742 749 800 802
86 94 98 99
-
93 98 99 103 103
Goldmünzen aus der antiken Welt Keltische Goldmünzen Griechische Goldmünzen Römische Goldmünzen Byzantinische Goldmünzen Orientalische Goldmünzen
6
Seite
69 20 22 23 24 36 37 44 53 54 55 55 56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 66 67 68 69
Nr.
Seite
Deutsche Goldmünzen und -medaillen Anhalt Augsburg Baden Bayern Brandenburg in Franken Brandenburg-Preußen Braunschweig und Lüneburg Breslau Emden Erfurt Frankfurt Hamburg Hessen Hohenlohe Jülich-Kleve-Berg Lübeck Mainz Mecklenburg Nürnberg Ostfriesland Pfalz Regensburg Rostock Sachsen, sächsische Herzogtümer Schaumburg-Lippe Schlesien Schleswig-Holstein Schwäbisch Hall Stolberg Trier Wallenstein Westfalen Württemberg Würzburg
803 803 806 808 810 838 842 880 911 913 917 919 924 942 946 948 953 957 960 965 985 994 996 998 1000 1029 1031 1043 1045 1047 1052 1055 1057 1063 1070
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1072 805 807 809 837 841 879 909 912 916 918 922 939 945 947 950 954 959 963 983 992 995 997 999 1028 1030 1042 1044 1046 1050 1054 1056 1061 1069 1072
Goldmedaillen, Goldmünzenlots
1073
-
SAMMLUNG RUSSLAND
1081 1081 1085 1151 1165 1173 1206 1209 1272 1284 1359 1376 1406 1474 1504 1530 1565 1589 1592 1604
Alexei Michailowitsch, 1645-1676 Peter I., der Große, 1682-1725 Katharina I., 1725-1727 Peter II., 1727-1730 Anna, 1730-1740 Ivan III., 1740-1741 Elisabeth, 1741-1761 Peter III., 1762 Katharina II., 1762-1796 Paul I., 1796-1801 Alexander I., 1801-1825 Nikolaus I., 1825-1855 Alexander II., 1855-1881 Alexander III., 1881-1894 Nikolaus II., 1894-1917 Sowjetunion, 1917-1991 Republik seit 1992 Lots Rußland Georgien, Rjasan
104
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142 104 105 105 109 109 115 118 118 119 120 120 122 123 124 124 125 125 126 128 130 131 131 131 134 135 137 137 137 138 138 139 140 141 142
104
-
105
-
110 115
-
118
-
120
-
123
-
126 129
-
131
-
135
-
137
-
139 140
-
1080
142
-
143
-
1605
144
-
221
-
1084 1150 1164 1172 1205 1208 1271 1283 1358 1375 1405 1473 1503 1529 1564 1588 1591 1603 1605
145 155 157 158
-
163 173 174 188 190 196 206 211 213 217
-
144 155 156 158 162 162 172 174 188 190 196 206 210 213 217 219 220 221 221
Ein Stichwortverzeichnis finden Sie am Ende dieses Auktionskataloges. 7
WICHTIGE HINWEISE FÜR UNSERE TELEFONBIETER Wenn Sie telefonisch bieten möchten, muß das vor der Auktion durch uns genehmigt werden. Voraussetzung für ein telefonisches Mitbieten ist, daß Sie mindestens den Schätzpreis schriftlich bieten. Telefonisches Bieten ist erst ab einem Schätzpreis von ca. 500 Euro pro Los möglich. Bitte rufen Sie Frau Thomas vor der Auktion an unter +49 (0)541 96 20 221 oder gebührenfrei unter 0800 58 36 537. Wir übernehmen keinerlei Haftung, falls die telefonische Verbindung während der Auktion nicht zustande kommt.
INFORMATIONS POUR NOS CLIENTS PARTICIPANT A NOS VENTES AUX ENCHERES PAR TELEPHONE Si vous désirez participer par téléphone à nos ventes aux enchères, veuillez vous mettre en relation avec notre service clientèle quelques jours avant la vente en appelant le numéro +49 (0)541 96 20 233. Une participation téléphonique à la vente sera possible à la condition que vous nous fassiez parvenir aussi votre ordre par écrit. Cet ordre devra être au moins égal au minimum au prix d’estimation et concerner un lot estimé au moins 500 Euros. Nous déclinons toute responsabilité dans le cas où la communication téléphonique serait interrompue, ou bien ne pourrait être établie.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON TELEPHONE BIDDING If you wish to participate in the auction as a telephone bidder, please let us know several days in advance as we have to approve and schedule all calls. To register for telephone bidding, we require that you submit at least the estimate as a written bid in addition to being called. Telephone bidding is accepted on lot numbers with estimates above 500 Euro. Please call us at +49 (0)541 96 20 233 for more information or to register for telephone bidding. We do not assume liability for telephone bids, should the telephone line be interrupted.
INFORMAZIONI PER LA PARTECIPAZIONE TELEFONICA Se desiderate la partecipazione telefonica in diretta durante l´asta, siete pregati di chiamare la Signorina Sonia Russo al numero diretto +49 (0)541 96 20 245 qualche giorno prima dell´asta e di inviarci la vostra offerta, la quale deve ammontare come minimo al prezzo di stima anche per iscritto. Accettiamo una partecipazione telefonica in diretta durante l´asta per oggetti il cui prezzo di stima ammonta come minimo ai 500 Euro. Non assumeremo nessuna responsabilità se la linea telefonica è occupata o se non siete raggiungibili.
__________________________________________
BESICHTIGUNG Besichtigung des Auktionsgutes in unseren Geschäftsräumen, Gutenbergstr. 23, 49076 Osnabrück, ab dem 21.05.2007, nach vorheriger telefonischer Vereinbarung unter +49 (0) 5 41 96 20 221.
EXPOSITION Les monnaies seront visibles à partir du 21 Mai 2007, Gutenbergstr. 23, 49076 Osnabrück, sur rendez-vous téléphonique +49 (0)541 96 20 221.
8
ON VIEW The auction good can be viewed at our office from May, 21st 2007, Gutenbergstr. 23, 49076 Osnabrück, by prior appointment. Please call +49 (0)541 96 20 221.
ESPOSIZIONE Tutti i lotti sono visionabili a partire dal 21 Maggio 2007 presso la nostra sede, Gutenbergstr. 23, 49076 Osnabrück previo appuntamento telefonico +49 (0)541 96 20 221.
ANTIKE • KELTEN
)1.&/ª0<'0 &'4 #06+-'0 9'.6 -'.6+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0
1
2
)#..+#
#7.'4%+ %'01/#0+ Ô 5VCVGT ,CJTJWPFGTV X %JT I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5VKNK UKGTVGT 'KPUR·PPGT OKV CPFTQMGRJCNGO 2HGTF T ÒDGT NKGIGPFGT )GUVCNV T &GNGUVTG¾ 6CEJG &6 4 5GJT UEJÌP
Ô 5VCVGT ,CJTJWPFGTV X %JT I -QRH N 5VKNKUKGTVGT 'KPUR·PPGT OKV CPFTQMGRJCNGO 2HGTF N ÒDGT NKGIGPFGT )GUVCNV N &GNGUVTG¾ 6CEJG &6 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
3 1,5:1
4
3
Ô 5VCVGT ,CJTJWPFGTV X %JT I -QRH T #PFTQMGRJCNGU 2HGTF T OKV .GPMGT &G NGUVTG¾ 6CEJG XGTIN &6 HH 4 5GJT UEJÌP
8'0'6+ Ô 5VCVGT ,CJTJWPFGTV X %JT I -QRH T XQP 2GTNUEJPÒTGP OKV -ÌRHGP WOIGDGP #PFTQMGRJCNGU 2HGTF T OKV .GPMGT FCTWPVGT IGHNÒIGNVG )GUVCNV T &GNGUVTG¾ 6CEJG &6 -PCRRGT 5EJTÌVNKPI UGJT UEJÌP
)4+'%*+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0
6
5
/1'5+#
+56415 Ô 5VCVGT X %JT I #NGZCPFGTMQRH T OKV &KCFGO WPF #OOQPUJQTP #VJGPC 0KMGRJQTQU UKV\V N FCXQT DI CWH FGO 6JTQP IS KO #DUEJPKVV &TGK\CEM #/0) FG %CNNCVC[ & 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ &GT -QRH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG \GKIV FKG <ÒIG /KVJTCFCVGU 8+ UQ YKG UKG XQP UGKPGP MNGKPCUKCVKUEJGP 6GVTCFTCEJOGP DGMCPPV UKPF &KGUG )QNFRT·IWPI UVGJV KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGO $GHTGKWPIUMTKGI /KVJTCFCVGU 8+ IGIGP FKG 4ÌOGT
5%;6*+#
-QUQP EC X %JT Ô 5VCVGT X %JT 1NDKC I /CIKUVTCV UEJTGKVGV N \YKUEJGP \YGK .KMVQTGP #FNGT N OKV -TCP\ WPF <GRVGT 42% .GKEJV FG\GPVTKGTV UGJT UEJÌP
&KGUG KPVGTGUUCPVG )QNFOÒP\G KUV UGKV DGMCPPV CNU 'TCUOWU XQP 4QVVGTFCO UKG \W GTMN·TGP XGTUWEJVG 'U H·NNV UQHQTV CWH FC FKGUGT /ÒP\V[R TÌOKUEJG &GPCTG FGT UR·VGP 4GRWDNKM PCEJCJOV &KG 8QTFGTUGKVG KUV PCEJ GKPGO &GPCT IGUVCNVGV FGP / +WPKWU $TWVWU X %JT \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT 6CTSWKPKGT FWTEJ UGKPGP 8QTHCJTGP . +WPKWU $TWVWU RT·IGP NKG %TCYHQTF &KG 4ÒEMUGKVG JCV GKPGP &GPCT FGU 3 2QORQPKWU 4WHWU \WO 8QTDKNF IGRT·IV X %JT %TCYHQTF &KGUG 0CEJCJOWPI TÌOKUEJ TGRWDNKMCPKUEJGT /ÒP\GP IGUEJCJ PKEJV \WH·NNKI 5Q JCV OCP NCPIG CPIGPQOOGP FC -QUQP GKP 8GTDÒPFGVGT FGU %CGUCT /ÌTFGTU $TWVWU KO $ÒTIGT MTKGI IGIGP /CTE #PVQP WPF 1EVCXKCP #WIWUVWU IGYGUGP KUV -QUQP FGT UGKPGP 0COGPU\WI CWH FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG WPUGTGT /ÒP\G RT·IGP NKG YWTFG NCPIG CNU -ÌPKI FGT 6JTCMGT CPIGUGJGP /CZ XQP $CJTHGNFV URTCEJ XQP GKPGO &CMGTMÌPKI -QUQP KP $GTNKPGT /ÒP\DN·VVGT -QUQP YWTFG CDGT CWEJ HÒT FKG 5E[VJGP KP #PURTWEJ IGPQOOGP &KG 8GTDKPFWPI \W FGP &CMGTP FGO JGWVKIGP 4WO·PKGP IGPCWGT 5KGDGPDÒTIGP JCV 1 +NKGUEW GTCTDGKVGV KP 3WC FGTPK 6KEKPGUK &CU CWH GKPKIGP 5VÒEMGP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG \W HKPFGPFG /QPQITCOO NKGUV +NKGUEW WPUGTGT /GKPWPI PCEJ \WVTGHHGPF CNU $# HÒT BASILEUS -ÌPKI Y·JTGPF CPFGTG GU CNU $4 HÒT $TWVWU \W FGWVGP XGTUWEJV JCDGP &CU 0QOKPCN OKV GKPGO &WTEJUEJPKVVUIGYKEJV XQP I KUV UKEJGT MGKP TÌOKUEJGT #WTGWU UQPFGTP GKP ITKGEJKUEJGT )QNFUVCVGT &KG /ÒP\UV·VVG 1NDKC XGTDKTIV UKEJ YQJN PKEJV KP FGO /QPQITCOO YKG *GCF WPF CPFGTG INCWDVGP UQPFGTP UKG GTIKDV UKEJ CWU FGO 4ÒEMUGKVGPV[R FGT PKEJV PWT FGP 4WHWU &GPCT \WO 8QTDKNF JCV UQPFGTP CWEJ \W 1NDKC RCV
9
ANTIKE • GRIECHEN
7
7 1,5:1
/#%'&10+#
-¤0+)4'+%* 2JKNKRRQU +++ X %JT Ô 5VCVGT X %JT 5CTFGKU I #VJGPC MQRH T KP MQTKPVJKUEJGO *GNO 0KMG UVGJV N OKV -TCP\ WPF 5V[NKU N # WPF (CEMGN 2TKEG 2 -N -TCV\GT CWH FGO 4GXGTU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
8 1,5:1
9 1,5:1
1,5:1
1,5:1
.'5$15
/;6+.'0' 'N *GMVG 5VCVGT X %JT I 9KFFGTMQRH T +PEWU *GTCMNGUMQRH KO .ÌYGPHGNN T FCTWPVGT -GWNG $QFGPUVGFV 8U C 4U b 5GJT UEJÌP
&KGUG 'OKUUKQP FKGPVG \WT &GEMWPI FGU GTJÌJVGP )GNFDGFCTHGU Y·JTGPF FGU KQPKUEJGP #WHUVCPFGU
'N *GMVG 5VCVGT X %JT I #RQNNQMQRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ +P +PEWUWO -CNDUMQRH T $QFGPUVGFV 8U D 4U b (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
10
1,5:1
11 1,5:1
1,5:1
1,5:1
'N *GMVG 5VCVGT X %JT I #RQNNQMQRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #TVGOKUMQRH T FC JKPVGT 5EJNCPIG $QFGPUVGFV # 5GJT UEJÌP
+10+#
2*1-#+# 'N *GMVG 5VCVGT X %JT I 0[ORJGPMQRH N 8KGTIGVGKNVGU +PEWUWO $QFGPUVGFV 5GJT UEJÌP
12
1,5:1
13
1,5:1
1,5:1
1,5:1
'N *GMVG 5VCVGT X %JT I 2CPMQRH N OKV 'HGWMTCP\ 8KGTIGVGKNVGU +PEWUWO $Q FGPUVGFV #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
'N *GMVG 5VCVGT X %JT I #VJGPCMQRH N OKV MQTKPVJKUEJGO *GNO FCTWPVGT 4QDDG 8KGTIGVGKNVGU +PEWUWO $QFGPUVGFV )WV CWUIGRT·IVGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
10
ANTIKE • GRIECHEN
14
1,5:1
14
.;&+#
-TQKUQU X %JT Ô 5VCVGT NGKEJVGT 5VCPFCTF 5CTFGKU I .ÌYGP WPF 5VKGTRTQVQOG GKP CPFGT IGIGPÒDGT <YGK +PEWUC 50) X #WNQEM 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
-TQKUQU FGT 5QJP FGU #N[CVVGU CWU FGO )GUEJNGEJV FGT /GTOPCFGP YCT FGT NGV\VG -ÌPKI XQP .[FKGP 'U IGNCPI -TQKUQU FCU YGUVNKEJG -NGKPCUKGP DKU CP FGP *CN[U \W WPVGTYGTHGP OKV #WUPCJOG XQP .[MKGP WPF -KNKMKGP &GT 4GKEJVWO FGU N[FKUEJGP -ÌPKIU YCT URTKEJYÌTVNKEJ -TQKUQU JCV GKP WOHCUUGPFGU DKOGVCNNKUEJGU /ÒP\U[UVGO GPVYQT HGP FCU CWH GKPGO UEJYGTGP )QNFUVCVGT XQP I WPF GKPGO NGKEJVGP )QNFUVCVGT XQP I UQYKG GKPGO 5KNDGTUVCVGT XQP I DGK GKPGO 8GTJ·NVPKU XQP )QNF \W 5KNDGT XQP DGTWJVG 'U ICD 5VÒEMGNWPIGP FGT 5VCVGTG DKU JKPCD \WO 5VCVGT &CU OGKUVGTJCHVG 9·JTWPIUU[UVGO FGU -TQKUQU OKV XGTUEJKGFGPGP 0QOKPCNGP HCPF KP FGT #PVKMG PKG YKGFGT UGKPGUINGKEJGP
15
16
2'45+#
#EJ·OGPKFGP Ô &CTGKMG ,CJTJWPFGTV X %JT I )TQMÌPKI KO -PKGNCWH T OKV $QIGP WPF 5RGGT +PEWUWO 50) $GTT[ 5GJT UEJÌP
&KG RGTUKUEJG &CTGKMG KUV PCEJ &CTGKQU + FGO )TQGP DGPCPPV FGT FKGUG 5VÒEMG \WGTUV RT·IVG 'U YCTGP FKG DG MCPPVGUVGP )QNFOÒP\GP KJTGT <GKV DKU PCEJ FGT <GTUEJNCIWPI FGU 2GTUGTTGKEJGU FKG )QNFUVCVGTG #NGZCPFGTU FGU )TQGP CP KJTG 5VGNNG VTCVGP &CU JKGT CPIGDQVGPG 5VÒEMG IGJÌTV \W FGP HTÒJGP &CTGKMGP WPF FÒTHVGP FGOPCEJ Y·J TGPF FGT 2GTUGTMTKGIG \WT $G\CJNWPI RGTUKUEJGT 5QNFCVGP IGFKGPV JCDGP /KV FGP &CTGKMGP YWTFG 9GNVIGUEJKEJVG IGUEJTKGDGP UQ DGTKEJVGV 2NWVCTEJ FC FGT 5RCTVCPGTMÌPKI #IGUKNCQU FGT UGKV X %JT KP -NGKPCUKGP UGJT GTHQNI TGKEJ -TKGI IGIGP FKG 2GTUGT HÒJTVG FWTEJ IQNFGPG &CTGKMGP OKV FGPGP UGKPG )GIPGT KP )TKGEJGPNCPF DGUVQEJGP YWTFGP IGIGP KJP -TKGI \W HÒJTGP \WO #DDTWEJ FGU -TKGIGU KP -NGKPCUKGP IGPÌVKIV YWTFG #IGUKNCQU UQNN IGUCIV JCDGP FC KJP RGTUKUEJG $QIGPUEJÒV\GP CWU #UKGP XGTVTKGDGP J·VVGP &KG $QIGPUEJÒV\GP 6QZQVCK UVGJGP HÒT FKG &CTGKMGP FKG LC CWH FGO #XGTU GKPGP $QIGPUEJÒV\GP \GKIGP OKV FGPGP FKG 2QNKVKMGT KP #VJGP WPF 6JGDGP \WO -TKGI IGIGP 5RCTVC CPIGUVCEJGNV YWTFGP
$#%64+#
&KQFQVQU + WO X %JT Ô CVVKUEJGT 5VCVGT OKV 6KVGN #PVKQEJQU ++ $CNMJ I -QRH FGU &KQ FQVQU + T OKV &KCFGO BASILEWS ANTIOXOU <GWU UVGJV N WPF UEJNGWFGTV $NKV\ FCXQT -TCP\ WPF #FNGT $0 $CEV # /KVEJKPGT +PFQITGGM C 50) #05 4 2TÒHGKPJKGD HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ IWVGU UGJT UEJÌP
#NU &KQFQVQU UKEJ XQP #PVKQEJQU NÌUVG RT·IVG GT \WP·EJUV PQEJ /ÒP\GP KO 0COGP FGU 5GNGWMKFGP UGV\VG CDGT UGKP GKIGPGU 2QTVT·V CWH FKG /ÒP\GP
17
#');2675
2VQNGOCKQU ++ X %JT HÒT #TUKPQë ++ Ô 1MVQFTCEJOG /PCKQP X %JT #NGZCP FTKC I -QRH T OKV &KCFGO WPF 5EJNGKGT FCJKPVGT L &QRRGNHÒNNJQTP OKV 6CGPKG 50) %QR 5XQTQPQU 6TQZGNN 2N 5GJT UEJÌP &KGUGU ITQG CPVKMG )QNFPQOKPCN YWTFG \WGTUV WPVGT 2VQNGOCKQU ++ X %JT PCEJ X %JT CWUIGRT·IV CNU GT UGKPG 5EJYGUVGTIGOCJNKP #TUKPQG ++ PCEJ KJTGO 6QF \W IÌVVNKEJGP 'JTGP CWHUVGKIGP NKG &KGUGT 6[R YWTFG KOOGT YKGFGT CWHIGITKHHGP UQ CWEJ WPVGT 2VQNGOCKQU 8+++ 'KPG 1MVQFTCEJOG &TCEJOGP YCT FGT )GIGPYGTV XQP GKPGT /KPG F J &TCEJOGP KP 5KNDGT FCJGT CWEJ FGT CPVKMG 0COG /PCKQP FGT KP 2CR[TK OGJTHCEJ XQTMQOOV +P FGT ·I[RVKUEJGP -WRHGTY·JTWPI GPVURTCEJ FCU 5VÒEM 6CNGPVGP -WRHGT QFGT -WRHGTFTCEJOGP
11
ANTIKE • RÖMER
18
19
19
2VQNGOCKQU +++ X %JT Ô 6GVTCFTCEJOG #NGZCPFTKC I $ÒUVGP FGU 2VQNGOCKQU ++ WPF FGT #TUKPQG ++ T FCJKPVGT 5EJKNF $ÒUVGP FGU 2VQNGOCKQU + WPF FGT $GTGPKMG + T 50) %QR 5XQTQPQU 4 (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP &KGUG KPVGTGUUCPVGP 6GVTCFTCEJOGP YWTFGP YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ \WO ITÌVGP 6GKN WPVGT 2VQNGOCKQU +++ IGRT·IV FGT FCOKV UGKPG 8QTHCJTGP GJTV 'KP MNGKPGT 6GKN KUV CDGT OÌINKEJGTYGKUG DGTGKVU WPVGT 2VQNGOCKQU ++ IGRT·IV YQTFGP FGO FKG 5VÒEMG CWEJ DGK 5XQTQPQU \WIGYKGUGP YGTFGP
2VQNGOCKQU 8+++ X %JT HÒT #TUKPQG ++ Ô 1MVQFTCEJOG /PCKQP #NGZCPFTKC I -QRH T OKV &KCFGO WPF 5EJNGKGT FCJKPVGT - &QRRGNHÒNNJQTP OKV 6CGPKG 50) %QR 5XQTQPQU -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ &KGUGU ITQG CPVKMG )QNFPQOKPCN YWTFG \WGTUV WPVGT 2VQNGOCKQU ++ X %JT PCEJ X %JT CWUIGRT·IV CNU GT UGKPG 5EJYGUVGTIGOCJNKP #TUKPQG ++ PCEJ KJTGO 6QF \W IÌVVNKEJGP 'JTGP CWHUVGKIGP NKG &KGUGT 6[R YWTFG KOOGT YKGFGT CWHIGITKHHGP UQ CWEJ WPVGT 2VQNGOCKQU 8+++ 0CEJ 5XQTQPQU UQNNGP FKG )GUKEJVU\ÒIG FGT FCTIGUVGNNVGP 2GTUQP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG -NGQRCVTC +++ YKGFGTIGDGP 5KG YCT UGKPG 5VKGHVQEJVGT FKG GT X %JT JGKTCVGVG
4¤/+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0
21
20
'+0' +/2'4#614+5%*' 24 )70)
% ,WNKWU %CGUCT Ŏ X %JT Ô #WTGWU X %JT 4QO # *KTVKWU I 8GUVCMQRH T OKV 5EJNGKGT 2TKGUVGTIGT·VG $CD $/% %CNKEQ C %TCYH 5GCT 5[F 5GJT UEJÌP *KTVKWU YCT GKP .GICV %CGUCTU 0CEJ FGUUGP 'TOQTFWPI DGMNGKFGVG GT FCU -QPUWNCV 'T XGTHCVG CWEJ FCU $WEJ FGU DGTÒJOVGP 9GTMGU FG DGNNQ ICNNKEQ
/ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4<'+6
#WIWUVWU X P %JT Ô #WTGWU X %JT .WIFWPWO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )CKWU WPF .WEKWU %CGUCTGU UVGJGP X X OKV 5RGGTGP WPF 5EJKNFGP FCTÒDGT 5KORWNWO WPF .KVWWU $/% %CNKEQ D %QJ 4+%w 5GJT UEJÌP &KGU 'ZGORNCT KUV DGK $CPVK CDIGDKNFGV 0T &GT XQTNKGIGPFG 6[R MCPP PCEJ PGWGTGT (QTUEJWPI GZCMVGT FCVKGTV YGTFGP CNU FKGU KO 4+% IGOCEJV YWTFG
X P %JT &KG 5VÒEMG YWTFGP X %JT IGRT·IV YKG UKEJ CWU FGT 6CVUCEJG GTIKDV FC )CKWU %CGUCT KO ,CJT P %JT FGP -QPUWNCV KPPGJCVVG WPF UQOKV PKEJV OGJT FGUKIPKGTVGT -QPUWN YCT -GJPG <WT &CVKGTWPI FGT (WPF OÒP\GP CWU -CNMTKGUG KP 9KGIGNU 4CKPGT *TUI &KG (WPFOÒP\GP XQP -CNMTKGUG WPF FKG HTÒJMCKUGT\GKVNKEJG /ÒP\RT·IWPI /ÌJPGUGG 5 H 5KGJG \WT &CVKGTWPI WPF \WT &GWVWPI FGU 4GXGTUGU CWEJ 9QNVGTU )CKWU WPF .WEKWU %CGUCTGU CNU FGUKIPKGTVG -QPUWNP WPF RTKPEKRGU KWXGPVWVKU &KG NGZ 8CNGTKC %QTPGNKC WPF 4+% +w HH KP %JKTQP 5 HH
1,5:1
12
22
1,5:1
Ô 3WKPCT .WIFWPWO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 8KEVQTKC UKV\V T CWH )NQDWU $/% 5 #PO %QJ 4+%w 44 5GJT UEJÌP
ANTIKE • RÖMER
24
23
25
6KDGTKWU Ô #WTGWU .WIFWPWO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ .KXKC CNU 2CZ UKV\V T OKV <YGKI WPF <GRVGT $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+%w $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF MN &TWEMUVGNNG UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
/ÒP\UVGORGN FKGUGU 6[RU OKV .KXKC CNU 2CZ CWH FGO 4GXGTU CNUQ FGO 6[R FGU DGTÒJOVGP 6TKDWVG 2GPP[U FGT $KDGN YWTFGP MÒT\NKEJ KO .GIKQPUNCIGT 8KPFQPKUUC JGWVG 9KPFKUEJ GPVFGEMV 0CEJ FGO CTEJ·QNQIKUEJGP $GHWPF KUV FCXQP CWU\WIGJGP FC KP 8KPFQPKUUC GKPG QHHK\KGNNG /ÒP\UV·VVG GZKUVKGTV JCV &KGUG UGPUCVKQPGNNG 'PVFGEMWPI UVGNNV XKGNG /ÒP\UV·VVGP\WYGKUWPIGP FGT HTÒJGP -CKUGT\GKV KP (TCIG FGPP GU KUV FCXQP CWU\WIGJGP FC CWEJ KP CPFGTGP .GIKQPUNCIGTP /ÒP\UV·VVGP GZKUVKGTV JCDGP
0GTQ Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ ,WRKVGT UKV\V N OKV $NKV\ WPF <GRVGT $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+%w 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
&GO +WRRKVGT %WUVQU YCT 0GTQ PCEJ FGT 'PVFGEMWPI FGT 8GTUEJYÌTWPI FGU 2KUQ KO #RTKN 6CEKVWU #PP :8 HH DGUQPFGTU XGTDWPFGP
8KVGNNKWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &GNRJKP CWH &TGKHW WPVGP 4CDG $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+%w (CUV UGJT UEJÌP &KG 4GXGTUNGIGPFG \GKIV FC 8KVGNNKWU /KVINKGF FGT 3WKPFGEKOXKTK UCETKU HCEKWPFKU YCT CNUQ GKPGO 2TKGUVGTMQNNGIKWO CPIGJÌTVG FGUUGP *CWRVCWHICDG FKG 9CJTWPI WPF &GWVWPI FGT U[DKNNKPKUEJGP $ÒEJGT YCT &TGKHW WPF &GNRJKP CNU 5[ODQNG FGU 2TKGUVGTVWOU FGT 3WKPFGEKOXKTK GTUEJGKPGP CD FGO ,CJT X %JT CNU PCEJ FGO 7PVGTICPI FGT CNVGP GKPG PGWG 5COONWPI U[DKNNKPKUEJGT $ÒEJGT \WUCOOGPIGUVGNNV YWTFG
1,5:1
26
1,5:1
8GURCUKCPWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 2CZ UKV\V N OKV <YGKI WPF <GRVGT $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
27
28
29
HÒT 6KVWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 2CZ UKV\V N OKV <YGKI WPF <GRVGT $/% %CNKEQ C %QJ 4+% 4 4CPF DGCTDGKVGV UEJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
6KVWU HÒT &KXWU 8GURCUKCPWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 7TPG CWH 5·WNG T WPF N .QTDGGT\YGKIG $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% 4 5GJT UEJÌP
6TCKCPWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #GIKU N -CKUGT TGKVGV T WPF UEJNGWFGTV 5RGGT CWH &CMGT $/% #PO %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP 13
ANTIKE • RÖMER
30
1,5:1
1,5:1
*CFTKCPWU HÒT #GNKWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH N %QPEQTFKC UKV\V N OKV 2CVGTC FGP N #TO CWH (ÒNNJQTP IGUVÒV\V $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% E 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *CFTKCP MGJTVG CWU FGO LÒFKUEJGP -TKGI \WTÒEM 5GKPG )GUWPFJGKV YCT CPIGITKHHGP UQ FC FGT -CKUGT KOOGT JKP ,CJTG CNV GKPG 0CEJHQNIGTGIGNWPI VTGHHGP OWVG *CFTKCPU 9CJN HKGN CWH . %GKQPKWU %QOOQFWU FGP GT CNU . #GNKWU 8GTWU \WO 0CEJHQNIGT DGUVKOOVG #GNKWU YCT \WO <GKVRWPMV UGKPGT 'TPGPPWPI %QPUWN QTFKPCTKWU JCVVG CDGT MGKPGTNGK OKNKV·TKUEJG 'THCJTWPI 'T UVCTD CO 0GWLCJTUVCI
31
32
33
#PVQPKPWU + 2KWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ N FTCRKGTV -CKUGT UVGJV N OKV )NQDWU $/% #PO %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% E 5GJT UEJÌP
HÒT &KXC (CWUVKPC OCVGT Ô #WTGWU PCEJ 4QO I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T %GTGU UVGJV N OKV (CEMGN WPF <GRVGT $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% C 5GJT UEJÌP
#PVQPKPWU ++ /CTEWU #WTGNKWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ (GNKEKVCU UVGJV N OKV %CFWEGWU WPF (ÒNNJQTP $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
34
1,5:1
1,5:1
2GTVKPCZ Ô #WTGWU 4QO I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ .CGVKVKC UVGJV N OKV -TCP\ WPF <GRVGT $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% C 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 2GTVKPCZ IGDQTGP CO #WIWUV KP #NDC 2QORGKC JCVVG GKPG IN·P\GPFG -CTTKGTG JKPVGT UKEJ CNU GT KO ,CJT PCEJ FGT 'TOQTFWPI FGU %QOOQFWU \WO -CKUGT RTQMNCOKGTV YWTFG 'T YCT FGT 5QJP GKPGU (TGKIGNCUUGPGP WPF YCT \WP·EJUV CNU .GJTGT V·VKI DGXQT GT GKPG OKNKV·TKUEJG -CTTKGTG DGICPP 5GPCVQT WPF UEJNKGNKEJ EQPUWN UWHHGEVWU YWTFG %QOOQFWU GTPCPPVG KJP \WO 2T·HGMVGP XQP 4QO 2GTVKPCZ MQPPVG PCEJ UGKPGT 'TPGPPWPI \WO -CKUGT FGP 5QNFCVGP CWHITWPF FGT \GTTÒVVGVGP 5VCCVUHKPCP\GP MGKP &QPCVKXWO KP FGT GTYCTVGVGP *ÌJG \CJNGP UQ MCO GU DCNF \WT 'TOQT FWPI FGU 2GTVKPCZ
14
ANTIKE • RÖMER
35
1,5:1
1,5:1
5GRVKOKWU 5GXGTWU WPF %CTCECNNC Ô #WTGWU 4QO I +/22 +08+%6+ 2++ #8)) &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVGP FGU 5GRVKOKWU 5GXGTWU WPF FGU %CTCECNNC T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 8+%614+# 2#46*+%# /#:+/# 8KEVQTKC IGJV N OKV -TCP\ WPF 2CNO\YGKI $/% %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% 44 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QTFGTUGKVGPNGIGPFG UQYKG 4GXGTUNGIGPFG WPF 4GXGTUFCTUVGNNWPI JGDGP FKG 5KGIJCHVKIMGKV FGT #WIWUVK JGTXQT MQP MTGV YKTF FGT 5KGI ÒDGT FKG 2CTVJGT IGHGKGTV JCVVG 5GRVKOKWU 5GXGTWU UGKPG 1HHGPUKXG IGIGP FKG 2CTVJGT DGIQP PGP &KG TÌOKUEJGP 6TWRRGP PCJOGP 5GNGWMKC $CD[NQP WPF FCU XQP 8QNQICUGU 8 XGTNCUUGPG -VGUKRJQP GKP 7PUGT 5VÒEM YWTFG PCEJ FGT 4ÒEMMGJT FGU -CKUGTU PCEJ 4QO IGRT·IV
36
1,5:1
1,5:1
%CTWU HÒT %CTKPWU Ô #WTGWU 4QO I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 2CZ IGJV N OKV <YGKI WPF <GRVGT %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
37
1,5:1
1,5:1
0WOGTKCPWU Ô #WTGWU 5KUEKC I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5RGU IGJV N OKV $NWOG %CNKEQ %QJ 4+% 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 0WOGTKCPWU FGT PCEJ FGO 6QFG UGKPGU 8CVGTU FKG UEJYKGTKIG #WHICDG JCVVG FCU *GGT CWU 2GTUKGP \WTÒEM\WHÒJTGP UVCTD WPVGT O[UVGTKÌUGP 7OUV·PFGP &GT 6QF FGU 0WOGTKCPWU YWTFG FGP 5QNFCVGP \WP·EJUV XQO 2TCGVQTKCPGTRT· HGMVGP #RGT XGTJGKONKEJV FGT FGP VQVGP -CKUGT WPVGT FGO 8QTYCPF FKGUGT NKVVG CP GKPGT #WIGPMTCPMJGKV KP GKPGT XQP CWGP PKEJV GKPUGJDCTGP -WVUEJG VTCPURQTVKGTGP NKG 0CEJ FGT FWTEJ FGP 8GTYGUWPIUIGTWEJ FGT .GKEJG JGTXQT IGTWHGPGP 'PVFGEMWPI FGU VQVGP -CKUGTU DGUEJWNFKIVG FGT -QOOCPFGWT FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP .GKDYCEJG 8CNGTKWU &KQENGU
FGT UR·VGTG -CKUGT &KQENGVKCP #RGT FGU /QTFGU WPF FWTEJDQJTVG KJP OKV UGKPGO 5EJYGTV
15
ANTIKE • RÖMER
38 1,5:1
1,5:1
,WNKCPWU ++ #RQUVCVC Ô 5QNKFWU #PVKQEJKC 1HHK\KP I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV 2GTNFKCFGO 5QNFCV OKV 6TQRJ·G T NGIV *CPF CWH )GHCPIGPGP 4+% 4 *GTTNKEJGU 2QTVT·V YKP\ 2TQDKGTURWTGP UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
40
41
39
,QXKCPWU Ô 5QNKFWU 0KEQOGFKC 1HHK\KP I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGT WPF 4QUGVVGPFKCFGO 4QOC WPF %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU UKV\GP HCUV X X WPF JCNVGP 5EJKNF OKV FGT #WHUEJTKHV 816 8 /8.6 : 4+% 4 5GJT UEJÌP
#TECFKWU Ô 5ETKRWNC %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV 4QUGVVGP FKCFGO 8KEVQTKC UKV\V T WPF UEJTGKDV 816 8 /8. : CWH 5EJKNF 4+% XGTIN E 44 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
6JGQFQUKWU ++ Ô 6TGOKUUKU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV 2GTNFKCFGO 8KEVQTKC OKV -TCP\ WPF -TGW\INQDWU X X T 5VGTP 4+% 5GJT UEJÌP
42
43
Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV *GNO 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF <YGK -CKUGT VJTQPGP X X OKV 0KODWU FCTÒDGT 5VGTP 4+% #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV *GNO 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF -CKUGT IGJV T OKV 6TQRJ·G WPF \KGJV GKPGP )GHCPIGPGP JKPVGT UKEJ JGT T 5VGTP 4+% 5GJT UEJÌP
44 1,5:1
1,5:1
HÒT #GNKC 2WNEJGTKC Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG T OKV &KCFGO IGMTÌPV XQP FGT *CPF )QVVGU 0KMG UVGJV N OKV -TGW\ FCXQT 5VGTP 4+% 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ #GNKC 2WNEJGTKC YCT FKG ·NVGUVG 5EJYGUVGT FGU -CKUGTU 5KG ÒDGTPCJO OKV ,CJTGP FKG 4GIGPVUEJCHV KP 1UVTQO PCEJFGO FGT 2T·VQTKCPGTRT·HGMV #PVJGOKWU WPF FGT 'WPWEJ #PVKQEJWU GPVOCEJVGV YQTFGP YCTGP
16
ANTIKE • BYZANZ
45
46
48
47
.GQ + Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV *GNO 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF 8KEVQTKC UVGJV N OKV .CPIMTGW\ FCJKPVGT 5VGTP 4+% 8QT\ÒINKEJ
$;<#06+0+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0
+WUVKPKCPWU + Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV *GNO -TGW\INQDWU WPF 5EJKNF 'PIGN UVGJV X X OKV %JTKUVQITCOOUVCD WPF -TGW\INQDWU T 5VGTP &1% I 5GCT -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CVVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
6KDGTKWU ++ %QPUVCPVKPWU Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP \GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV -TQPG -TGW\INQDWU WPF 5EJKNF -TGW\ CWH XKGT 5VWHGP &1% L 5GCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
/CWTKEKWU 6KDGTKWU Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV *GNO WPF -TGW\INQDWU 'PIGN UVGJV X X OKV %JTKUVQITCOOUVCD WPF -TGW\INQDWU &1% I 5GCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
49
50
2JQECU Ô 5QNKFWU FKEM +PFKEVKQP %CTVJCIQ I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV -TQPG WPF -TGW\INQDWU 8KEVQTKC UVGJV X X OKV %JTKUVQITCOOUVCD WPF -TGW\INQDWU &1% XCT 5GCT 4 5GJT UEJÌP
%QPUVCPU ++ Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I &TCRKGTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV -TQPG WPF -TGW\INQDWU -TGW\ CWH FTGK 5VWHGP &1% L 5GCT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
51 52
53
WPF %QPUVCPVKPWU +8 Ô 5QNKFWU FKEM +PFKEVKQP %CTVJCIQ I $GKFGT $ÒUVGP X X -TGW\ CWH FTGK 5VWHGP &1% XGTIN 5GCT 5GJT UEJÌP
%QPUVCPVKPWU +8 OKV *GTCENKWU WPF 6KDGTKWU Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV *GNO 5EJKNF WPF 5RGGT -TGW\ CWH FTGK 5VWHGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2TKP\GP &1% QJPG FKGUG 1HHK\KP 5GCT 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ
+WUVKPKCPWU ++ 4GIKGTWPI Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I $ÒUVG %JTKUVK X X -CKUGT UVGJV X X OKV -TGW\ CWH \YGK 5VWHGP WPF #MCMKC &1% D XCT 5GCT 44 9KP\ 2TÒHUVGNNG CO 4CPF IWVGU UGJT UEJÌP &KG GTUVG %JTKUVWUFCTUVGNNWPI CWH GKPGT /ÒP\G
17
ANTIKE • BYZANZ
1,5:1
54
1,5:1
Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I $ÒUVG %JTKUVK X X -CKUGT UVGJV X X OKV -TGW\ CWH \YGK 5VWHGP WPF #MCMKC &1% XGTIN G DKU 5GCT XGTIN 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&KG GTUVG %JTKUVWUFCTUVGNNWPI CWH GKPGT /ÒP\G
55
56
6KDGTKWU +++ Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU 1HHK\KP I )GRCP\GTVG $ÒUVG X X OKV -TQPG 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF -TGW\ CWH FTGK 5VWHGP &1% QJPG FKGUG 1HHK\KP 5GCT 4 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
DGINGKVGVG #RUKOCTQU FGP 2CVTKMKQU ,QJCPPGU FGT FCU XQO -CNKRJGP #DF CN /CNKM GTQDGTVG 0QTFCHTKMC \WTÒEM IGYKPPGP UQNNVG 0CEJ FGT 'TOQTFWPI FGU ,QJCPPGU YWTFG #RUKOCTQU CNU 6KDGTKWU +++ \WO -CKUGT CWUIGTWHGP 'T DTCEJ FGP (GNF\WI CD MGJTVG PCEJ %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU \WTÒEM DGNCIGTVG FKG *CWRUVCFV WPF MQPPVG .GQPVKWU CDUGV \GP MGJTVG +WUVKPKCPWU ++ CP FKG /CEJV \WTÒEM WPF NKG .GQPVKWU WPF 6KDGTKWU +++ JKPTKEJVGP
+WUVKPKCPWU ++ WPF 6KDGTKWU Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I $ÒUVG %JTKUVK X X $GKFGT $ÒUVGP X X OKV -TGW\ CWH \YGK 5VWHGP &1% C 5GCT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
58 57
59
Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I $ÒUVG %JTKUVK X X $GKFGT $ÒUVGP X X OKV -TGW\ CWH \YGK 5VW HGP &1% C 5GCT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
%QPUVCPVKPWU 8 WPF .GQ +8 Ô 6TGOKUUKU 5[TCMWU I $ÒUVG X X OKV -TGW\ $ÒUVG X X OKV -TGW\INQDWU &1% 5GCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
6JGQRJKNWU OKV %QPUVCPVKPWU WPF /KEJCGN +++ Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I $ÒUVG X X OKV 2CVTKCTEJGPMTGW\ WPF #MCMKC N 5VGTP <YGK $ÒUVGP X X QDGP -TGW\ &1% F 5GCT 5GJT UEJÌP
60
61
$CUKNKWU + WPF %QPUVCPVKPWU Ô 5QNKFWU %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I %JTKUVWU VJTQPV X X $GKFGT $ÒUVGP X X OKV 2CVTKCTEJGPMTGW\ &1% 5GCT 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
0KEGRJQTWU ++ Ô *KUVCOGPQP %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I $ÒUVG %JTKUVK X X $ÒUVGP FGT /WVVGTIQVVGU WPF FGU -CKUGTU X X OKV 2CVTKCTEJGPMTGW\ &1% 5GCT 4 $TGKVGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
18
ANTIKE • ORIENTALEN
62
63
%QPUVCPVKPWU : Ô *KUVCOGPQP 5E[RJCV %QPUVCPVKPQRQNKU I %JTKUVWU VJTQPV X X -CKUGT UVGJV X X OKV .CDCTWO WPF -TGW\INQDWU &1% 5GCT 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ
,QJCPPGU +++ Ô *[RGTRGTQP 5E[RJCV /CIPGUKC I %JTKUVWU VJTQPV X X /CTKC MTÌPV -CKUGT &1% D 5GCT -N -TCV\GT IWVGU UGJT UEJÌP
0+%#'#
64
65
66
-4'7<(#*4'4 ,1*#00+6'4 #7( 4*1&15
(CDTKEG FGN %CTTGVVQ <GEEJKPG PCEJ XGPG\KCPKUEJGO 6[R I &GT )TQOGKUVGT MPKGV XQT FGO JGKNKIGP ,QJCPPGU %JTKUVWU XQP 5VGTPGP WOIGDGP UVGJV X X KP /CPFQTNC (D )CODGTKPK XCT 5EJN 2N :+ XCT 4 5GJT UEJÌP
14+'06#.+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0 -75*#0
8CUWFGXC ++ Ô 5VCVGT -CDWN I -ÌPKI UVGJV N 1GUJQ UVGJV N XQT $WEMGNUVKGT )ÌDN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
Ô 5VCVGT -CDWN I -ÌPKI UVGJV N 1GUJQ UVGJV N XQT $WEMGNUVKGT )ÌDN
68
67
8QT\ÒINKEJ
69
)726# +0 +0&+'0
5COWFTCIWRVC Ô 5VCVGT I -WOCTCFGXK WPF %JCPFTCIWRVC + UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGP ÒDGT .CMUJOK UKV\V X X CWH .ÌYGP #NVGMCT 2N + HH /KVEJKPGT 5GJT UEJÌP
#NVGMCT YGKUV FKG /ÒP\G %JCPFTCIWRVC + \W
2#.#5 810 $'0)#.'0
/CJKRCNC Ô 5VCVGT I 8KGTCTOKIG .CMUJOK UKV\V X X 5EJTKHV /KVEJKPGT 5GJT UEJÌP
%*#7.7-;#5 810 #0#*+..#2#6#-#
-WOCTCRCNC Ô 5VCVGT I 8KGTCTOKIG .CMUJOK UKV\V X X 5EJTKHV /KVEJKPGT HH 5GJT UEJÌP
19
EUROPA • ALBANIEN
'7412 +5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0
70
71
#.$#0+'0
<QIW + (TCPMGP 4 4QO 5MCPFGTDGI I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 5VGORGNINCP\
(TCPMGP 4 4QO 5MCPFGTDGI I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
72
73
8QT\ÒINKEJ
74
(TCPMGP 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN (TCPMGP 4 4QO 2TQDG I (GKPIQNF (D \W 5EJN
(TCPMGP 8 9KGP 5MCPFGTDGI I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
75
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\
(TCPMGP 4 4QO ,CJTG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
76
(TCPMGP 4 4QO CWH UGKP 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP 5VGORGNINCP\
77
$4#$#06
78
$'.)+'0
-CTN 8 -CTN + XQP 5RCPKGP %QWTQPPG F QT CW UQNGKN #PVYGTRGP I &GNO (D 5GJT UEJÌP
#NDGTV WPF +UCDGNNC &QWDNG #NDGTVKP #PVYGTRGP I &GNO (D 9KP\ 4CPFCWUDTWEJ HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
20
EUROPA • BELGIEN
79
80
&QWDNG #NDGTVKP #PVYGTRGP I &GNO (D
5GJT UEJÌP
.WFYKI XQP /CNG %CXCNKGT F QT Q , I &GNO 4 (D 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(.#0&'40
82
81
(TCPE ¯ RKGF Q , I &GT )TCH OKV -TQPG *GTOGNKPOCPVGN WPF 5EJYGTV UVGJV X X KP IQVKUEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI FKG .KPMG CWH .ÌYGPUEJKNF IGNGIV 8KGTRC FCTKP $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP F L A D &GNO 4 (D 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
%JCKUG F QT Q , I &GT )TCH OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTV VJTQPV X X KP IQVKUEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI FKG .KPMG CWH .ÌYGPUEJKNF IGNGIV 8KGTRC FCTKP $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP 4QUGVVGP &GNO (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
83
84
%JCKUG F QT Q , I &GT )TCH OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTV VJTQPV X X KP IQVKUEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI FKG .KPMG CWH .ÌYGPUEJKNF IGNGIV 8KGTRC FCTKP $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP 4QUGVVGP &GNO (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
%JCKUG F QT Q , I &GT )TCH OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTV VJTQPV X X KP IQVKUEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI FKG .KPMG CWH .ÌYGPUEJKNF IGNGIV 8KGTRC FCTKP $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP 4QUGVVGP &GNO (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
85
1,5:1
1,5:1
.ª66+%*
'DGTJCTF XQP FGT /CTEM &QWDNG (NQTKP F QT 'TCTFWU .ÒVVKEJ I ‰ eRARD” De Ñ mARKA Ñ ePS Ñ LeODIenÆ 9CRRGPUEJKNF KP 8KGTRC ‰ Iy Ñ hOC Ñ SIgnO Ñ VInCeS Ñ AnnO I I $NWOGPMTGW\ &GNO (D /KIPQNGV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT 21
EUROPA • BULGARIEN
86
87
/CZKOKNKCP *GKPTKEJ XQP $C[GTP &WMCVGP Q , .ÒVVKEJ I $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KV (ÒTUVGPJWV DGFGEMVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU XGT\KGTVGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF &GNO 4 (D /KIPQNGV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
0#/74
2JKNKRR FGT 5EJÌPG (NQTKP F QT CW 5V 2JKNKRRG 0COWT I &GNO (D 44 5GJT UEJÌP
88
-¤0+)4'+%* $'.)+'0
.GQRQNF + (TCPEU $TÒUUGN CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGU 6JTQPHQNIGTU .GQRQNF
UR·VGT .GQRQNF ++ OKV 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKG *GPTKGVVG XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ I (GKPIQNF (D /QTKP / 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
89
1,5:1
1,5:1
.GQRQNF ++ (TCPEU 7VTGEJV 2TQDGRT·IWPI I -QRH T FCTWPVGT . 9+'0'4 $GNIKUEJGU 9CRRGP CWH IGMTÌPVGO 9CRRGPOCPVGN QDGP (4 WPVGP (D UKGJG 5 /QTKP 5EJN 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT YGPKIG 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
90
91
$7.)#4+'0
22
(GTFKPCPF .GYC CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO WPF CWH FKG 7PCDJ·PIKI MGKVUGTMN·TWPI CO 1MVQDGT PCEJ LWNKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT 5GRVGODGT I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
.GYC CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO WPF CWH FKG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUGTMN·TWPI CO 1MVQDGT PCEJ LWNKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT 5GRVGODGT I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN /KP 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
EUROPA • DÄNEMARK
1,5:1
1,5:1
& 0'/#4-
-¤0+)4'+%*
92
%JTKUVKCP 8 &WMCVGP Q , -QRGPJCIGP I &GT -ÌPKI TGKVGV T KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD )GMTÌPGU 5RKGIGNOQPQITCOO (D *GFG 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
94
93
&WMCV -QRGPJCIGP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG 5EJKNFG XQP &·PGOCTM 0QTYGIGP WPF 5EJYGFGP CWH GKPGO .CPIMTGW\ OKV -TQPG (D *GFG 44 .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV -QRGPJCIGP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGP QTFGP &TGK IGMTÌPVG 5RKGIGNOQPQITCOOG KP FGT /KVVG UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM OKV FGO 0COGP )QVVGU (D *GFG 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
95
96
97
(TGFGTKM +8 &WMCV -QRGPJCIGP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP )GMTÌPVGU 5RKGIGNOQPQITCOO (D *GFG 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV -QRGPJCIGP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGP QTFGP #PUKEJV FGU *CHGPU XQP %JTKUVKCPUDQTI KO #DUEJPKVV +0 )7+0'# (D *GFG # 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
& 0+5%* 9'56+0&+'0
%JTKUVKCP +: (TCPEU &CNGT -QRGPJCIGP I (GKPIQNF (D *GFG 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
98
99
(+00.#0&
#NGZCPFGT ++ XQP 4WNCPF /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
/CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
23
EUROPA • FINNLAND
100
102
101
103
104
#NGZCPFGT +++ XQP 4WNCPF /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
/CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
0KMQNCWU ++ XQP 4WNCPF /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN /KP 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
/CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
105
106
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
107
/CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN /CTMMCC *GNUKPMK I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
109
-¤0+)4'+%*
24
108
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
110
(4#0-4'+%*
2JKNKRRG 8+ 'EW F QT ¯ NC EJCKUG Q , 'OKUUKQP I &GT -ÌPKI OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTV VJTQPV X X KP IQVKUEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI FKG .KPMG CWH .KNKGPUEJKNF IGNGIV 8KGTRC FCTKP $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP LG GKP &TGKDNCVV &WRNGUU[ # (D 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
,GCP NG $QP /QWVQP F QT Q , I 1UVGTNCOO N FGP -QRH \WTÒEMIGYCPFV FCJKPVGT -TGW\HCJPG WPVGP IOh ReX 8KGTRC FCTKP XGT\KGTVGU $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP .KNKGP &WRNGUU[ # (D (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
112
111
111
/QWVQP F QT Q , I 1UVGTNCOO N FGP -QRH \WTÒEMIGYCPFV FCJKPVGT -TGW\HCJPG WPVGP IOh ReX 8KGTRC FCTKP XGT\KGTVGU $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP .KNKGP &WRNGUU[ (D #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT (NQTKP F QT Q , HÒT FCU .CPIWGFQE I &WRNGUU[ (D )CODGTKPK 4 5GJT UEJÌP
113
114
*GPTK 8+ F #PINGVGTTG 5CNWV F QT Q , 'OKUUKQP 4QWGP I &WRNGUU[ # (D 5GJT UEJÌP
.QWKU :++ 'EW F QT CW UQNGKN Q , %J³NQPU UWT /CTPG I &WRNGUU[ (D 5GJT UEJÌP
116
115
117
117
(TCP¼QKU + 'EW F QT CW UQNGKN Q , 6[R 'OKUUKQP $C[QPPG I &WRNGUU[ (D 4 5GJT UEJÌP
'EW F QT CW UQNGKN Q , 6[R 'OKUUKQP .[QP I &WRNGUU[ (D 5GJT UEJÌP
%JCTNGU +: )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NKUCDGVJ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ N OO I ,QPGU
FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 (CUUWPIUp WPF 6TCIGURWTGP HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
118
118 1,5:1
*GPTK +8 'EW F QT CW UQNGKN 5 6TQ[GU I )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP -TGW\ IGDKNFGV CWU XKGT OKV .KNKGP DGUVGEMVGP /QPITCOOGP KO <GPVTWO 8KGTRC FCTKP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP &WRNGUU[ $ (D WGTUV UGNVGP (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 25
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
120
119
.QWKU :+++ 'EW F QT CW UQNGKN # 2CTKU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ .GKEJV IGYGNNV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
.QWKU F QT # 2CTKU I $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 8KGT IGMTÌPVG &QRRGNOQPQITCOOG KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGP 9KPMGNP LG GKPG .KNKG &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 5GJT UEJÌP
121
122
.QWKU :+8 .QWKU F QT ¯ NC V¿VG PWG # 2CTKU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
.QWKU :8 .QWKU F QT FG 0QCKNNGU # 2CTKU I )GMTÌPVG $ÒUVG N OKV NCPIGO IGYGNNVGP *CCT 8KGT IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGP 9KPMGNP LG GKPG .KNKG &WRNGUU[ (D FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ .QWKU F QT )CFQWT[ 4 8QTFGTUGKVG OKP DGTKGDGP WPF CO 4CPF NGKEJV LWUVKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ
123
124
125
126
.QWKU F QT ¯ NC ETQKZ FW 5CKPV 'URTKV 5 4GKOU I $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 1TFGPUUVGTP &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.QWKU F QT CWZ NWPGVVGU # 2CTKU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ .QWKU F QT CWZ NWPGVVGU # 2CTKU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[
5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.QWKU F QT CWZ NWPGVVGU # 2CTKU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 5GJT UEJÌP
127
128
&QWDNG NQWKU F QT CW DCPFGCW $$ 5VTCDWTI I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF YKP\ -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
.QWKU F QT CW DCPFGCW # 2CTKU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 8QTFGTUGKVG OKP LWUVKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ
26
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
129
130
&QWDNG NQWKU F QT CW DCPFGCW - $QTFGCWZ I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
&QWDNG NQWKU F QT CW DCPFGCW & .[QP I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
132
131
.QWKU :8+ &QWDNG NQWKU F QT CWZ NWPGVVGU - $QTFGCWZ I $TWUVDKNF N OKV FGO 1TFGPUUVGTP 5CKPV 'URTKV <YGK CPGKPCPFGTIGNGJPVG QXCNG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG FCTÒDGT -TQPG &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 8QTFGTUGKVG GVYCU LWUVKGTV UGJT UEJÌP .QWKU F QT ¯ NC V¿VG PWG - $QTFGCWZ I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[
5GJT UEJÌP
.QWKU F QT ¯ NC V¿VG PWG 6 0CPVGU I &WRNGUU[ (D )CFQWT[ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\
%QPUWNCV (TCPEU #0 :+ # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN ªDGTFWTEJUEJPKVVNKEJ GTJCNVGP 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
133
134
136 135
137
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN ªDGTFWTEJUEJPKVVNKEJ GTJCNVGP (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
27
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
140 1,5:1
1,5:1
0CRQN¾QP + (TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP UEJÌPUVGT 'TJCNVWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
141
142
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
143
144
145
146
(TCPEU #0 # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D C )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU 7 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
147
148
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ C /C\CTF 5EJN 4 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU * .C 4QEJGNNG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 4 7PTGIGNO·KIGT 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP
28
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
149
150
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN ªDGTFWTEJUEJPKVVNKEJ GTJCNVGP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ
151
153
152
154
.QWKU :8+++ (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU 4 .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU 4 .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
155
156
(TCPEU . $C[QPPG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU 9 .KNNG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
%JCTNGU : (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
157
158
159
29
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
161
160
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN
.QWKU 2JKNKRRG (TCPEU $ 4QWGP I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF C 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
162
8QT\ÒINKEJ
163
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
0CRQN¾QP +++ (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
164
165
166
167
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV IGTKHHGNVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV INCVVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF \W 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV IGTKHHGNVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV INCVVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF C 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
168
171
171
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV INCVVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF C 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV INCVVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF C 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV INCVVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF C 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ
30
EUROPA â&#x20AC;¢ FRANKREICH
172
173
174
174
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV IGTKHHGNVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF -NGKPG #WUICDG OKV IGTKHHGNVGO 4CPF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
175
176
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
(TCPEU $$ 5VTCÂDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN /KP 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
177
178
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
179
180
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN (CUV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
31
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
181 182
182
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ XCT /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
183
184
184
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
185
186
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU $$ 5VTCDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
187
188
4GRWDNKM (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 44 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CP FGT 5EJTKHVU·WNG MN &TWEMUVGNNGP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
32
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
189
190
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
191
192
193
194
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ C /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU 2CTKU $C\QT I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ /C\CTF 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
196
195
196
4GRWDNKM UGKV (TCPEU &KEMCDUEJNCI 2K¾HQTV I 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU 6QFGUVCI XQP /CTKG %WTKG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
33
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
197
198
(TCPEU ,CJTGUVCI FGT *GTCWUICDG FGU 4QOCPU )GTOKPCN XQP 'OKNG <QNC I (GKP IQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU ,CJTGUVCI FGT 'TTKEJVWPI FGT (TGKJGKVUUVCVWG KP 0GY ;QTM I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
199 200
(TCPEU )GDWTVUVCI XQP 4QDGTV 5EJWOCP I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU /CTSWKU FG NC (C[GVVG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
201
202
(TCPEU ,CJTGUVCI FGT -TÌPWPI XQP *WIQ %CRGV \WO -ÌPKI XQP (TCPMTGKEJ I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU $TÒFGTNKEJMGKV I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN
203
204
2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
205
(TCPEU )GDWTVUVCI XQP 4QNCPF )CTTQU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU )GDWTVUVCI XQP 4QNCPF )CTTQU .G )¾PKG FG NC $CUVKNNG 4KPI I DGUVGJGPF CWU )GNDIQNF 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGT <GPVTWO I DGUVGJGPF CWU 9GKIQNF 5KNDGT WPF 2CNNCFKWO (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPE ,CJTGUVCI FGT 4GRWDNKM I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
34
EUROPA • FRANKREICH
208 207
(TCPEU Z #DHCJTVUN·WHGT <YGKGTDQD WPF 4QFNGTKP 'KUJQEMG[URKGNGT 5MK URTKPIGT WPF 5MKURTKPIGTKP 2KGTTG FG %QWDGTVKP +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 5VÒEM 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU /GPUEJGPTGEJVG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU )GDWTVUVCI XQP /QPVGUSWKGW 4KPI I DGUVGJGPF CWU )GNDIQNF 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGT <GPVTWO I DGUVGJGPF CWU 9GKIQNF 5KNDGT WPF 2CNNC FKWO (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
209
210
(TCPEU ,CJTGUVCI FGT 'TTKEJVWPI FGU 'KHHGNVWTOU I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU ,CJTG /WUGWO FGU .QWXTG $KNFPKU FGT /QPC .KUC I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
211
212
(TCPEU ,CJTG /WUGWO FGU .QWXTG &KG (TGKJGKV HÒJTV FCU 8QNM CP I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU ,CJTG /WUGWO FGU .QWXTG 0KMG XQP 5COQVJTCMG I (GKPIQNF (D )CFQWT[ 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
213
*'4<1)67/
(4#0-4'+%* .16*4+0)'0
4GP¾ ++ XQP 8CWFGOQPV #PLQW (NQTKP F QT CW 5CKPV 0KEQNCU Q , PCEJ 0CPE[ I 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF 5V 0KMQNCWU UVGJV X X OKV -TWOOUVCD WPF UGIPGPFGT 4GEJVGP WPVGP N GKP (C OKV FTGK -KPFGTP (NQP (D 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP /KV 4GP¾ ++ IGNCPIVGP FKG )TCHGP XQP 8CWFGOQPV CP FKG 4GIKGTWPI FGTGP 5VCOOUKV\ UÒFNKEJ XQP 0CPE[ NCI &GT *GT\QI XGTGKPKIVG FKG *GT\QIVÒOGT .QVJTKPIGP $CT WPF FKG )TCHUEJCHV 8CWFGOQPV \W GKPGO )TQVGTTKVQTKWO WPF MQPPVG FKGUGU OKV 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI FGT 'KFIGPQUUGP WPF GKPKIGT GNU·UUKUEJGT 4GKEJUUV·PFG IGIGP FGP DWTIWPFKUEJGP *GT\QI -CTN FGP -ÒJPGP DGJCWRVGP &KG 'PVUEJGKFWPI HKGN KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 0CPE[ CO ,CPWCT YGNEJG FKG $WTIWPFGTMTKGIG DGGPFGVG WPF KP FGT -CTN FGT -ÒJPG HKGN 4GP¾ ++ WPF UGKP 5QJP #PVQP XGTITÌGT VGP FCU *GT\QIVWO CWH -QUVGP FGT $KUVÒOGT /GV\ 6QWN WPF 8GTFWP
35
EUROPA • GRIECHENLAND
214
215
*GKPTKEJ ++ (NQTKP F QT CW 5CKPV 0KEQNCU Q , 0CPE[ I (NQP (D -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP
(NQTKP F QT CW 5CKPV 0KEQNCU Q , 0CPE[ I (NQP (D 4 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK WPF 2T·IGUEJY·EJG HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
218 216
217
/'6< 56#&6
)QNFIWNFGP Q , I (NQP (D )QNFIWNFGP Q , I (NQP (D
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
1VVQ + &TCEJOGP /ÒPEJGP I (GKPIQNF &KXQ (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
)4+'%*'0.#0&
219 1,5:1
1,5:1
)GQTI + &TCEJOGP # 2CTKU I GEWRGIOS AI BASILEUS TWN ELLHNWN -QRH T FCTWPVGT $#22' ,CJTGU\CJN WPF /ÒP\\GKEJGP BASILEION THS ELLADOS 9CRRGP CWH IGMTÌPVGO 9CRRGPOCPVGN WPVGP DRAXMAI &KXQ (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
220
222
&TCEJOGP # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF &KXQ (D 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌP
&TCEJOGP # 2CTKU +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF &KXQ (D 5EJN 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&TCEJOGP # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF &KXQ (D 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
36
EUROPA • GROSSBRITANNIEN
225
223
ex 224
&TCEJOGP # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF &KXQ (D 5EJN
%QPUVCPVKP ++ &TCEJOGP &TCEJOGP JGTCWUIGIGDGP .G .QENG IGRT·IV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG 0CVKQPCNG 4GXQNWVKQP XQO #RTKN +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&TCEJOGP JGTCWUIGIGDGP .G .QENG IGRT·IV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG 0CVKQPCNG 4GXQNWVKQP XQO #RTKN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
227
'0).#0&
226
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
227
)4155$4+6#00+'0
*GPT[ 8+ TGUVQTGF 1EV #RT #PIGN Q , .QPFQP I (D 5GCD[ 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
'FYCTF +8 4[CN 4QUGPQDNG Q , .QPFQP /ÒP\\GKEJGP -TQPG I (D 5GCD[ /KP IGYGNNV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
228
229
229
'NK\CDGVJ + 2QWPF Q , .QPFQP /ÒP\\GKEJGP 9KGFGTMTGW\ I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF N )GMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP \YKUEJGP ' 4 (D 5GCD[ 44 'VYCU DGTKGDGP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
5QXGTGKIP Q , 'OKUUKQP .QPFQP /ÒP\\GKEJGP b I (D 5GCD[ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV )GNQEJV *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
'U ÒDGTTCUEJV FC KP 'PINCPF \WT <GKV FGT 4GPCKUUCPEG PQEJ GKP UR·VIQVKUEJGU /ÒP\DKNF GTUEJGKPV -ÌPKIKP 'NKUC DGVJ KUV KP #PNGJPWPI CP /CTKGPFCTUVGNNWPIGP FGU /KVVGNCNVGTU CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG XQP XQTP VJTQPGPF CDIGDKNFGV &GT *KPVGTITWPF KUV OKV GKPGO )KVVGTOWUVGT IGHÒNNV FGO JQTTQT XCEWK #DUEJGW XQT GKPGO NGGTGP 4CWO GPVURTGEJGPF
37
EUROPA • GROSSBRITANNIEN
231
230
230
2QWPF Q , .QPFQP /ÒP\\GKEJGP 9QNNDCNNGP I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF N )GMTÌP VGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP \YKUEJGP ' 4 (D 5GCD[ (CUUWPIUURWTGP KP FGP (GNFGTP GVYCU DGCTDGKVGV UGJT UEJÌP
8'4'+0+)6'5 -¤0+)4'+%*
,COGU + &QWDNG %TQYP Q , /ÒP\\GKEJGP .KNKG I (D 5GCD[ (CUV UGJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌP
233
232
%JCTNGU + 7PKVG 5JKNNKPIU Q , .QPFQP /ÒP\\GKEJGP .KNKG I (D 5GCD[ # 5GJT UEJÌP
%JCTNGU ++ )WKPGCU .QPFQP I $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTWPVGT /ÒP\ \GKEJGP 'NGHCPV 8KGT IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGP 9KPMGNP LG GKP <GRVGT (D 5GCD[ 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ &GT 'NGHCPV WPVGT FGO 2QTVT·V KUV GKP *KPYGKU CWH FKG *GTMWPHV FGU /ÒP\IQNFGU FCU FWTEJ FKG $TKVKUJ #HTKECP %QO RCP[ CWU #HTKMC KORQTVKGTV YWTFG
236
237
#PPG )WKPGC .QPFQP I (D 5GCD[
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
)GQTIG + )WKPGC .QPFQP I (D 5GCD[ -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
)WKPGC .QPFQP I (D 5GCD[ )GQTIG +++ )WKPGC .QPFQP I (D 5GCD[
234
38
235
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
EUROPA • GROSSBRITANNIEN
239 240
238
)WKPGC .QPFQP 5RCFG )WKPGC (ÒPHVGT 6[R I (D 5EJN 5GCD[ #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJ
)WKPGC .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 9KP\ 4CPFUEJNGKHURWT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
241
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
243
242
244
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 5GJT UEJÌP 5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 5GJT UEJÌP 5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
)GQTIG +8 5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
245
246
2QWPFU .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
5GJT UEJÌP
2QWPFU .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
248 247
249
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ # -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
5GJT UEJÌP
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
8QT\ÒINKEJ
39
EUROPA • GROSSBRITANNIEN
250
252
251
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ #
5GJT UEJÌP
9KNNKCO +8 5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ $ (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
253
8KEVQTKC 2QWPFU .QPFQP 7PC CPF VJG .KQP I 8+%614+# & Ù ) Ù $4+6#00+#47/ 4')+0# ( Ù & Ù -QRH FGT LWPIGP -ÌPKIKP N OKV *CCTDCPF KO *CNUCDUEJPKVV FKG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT 9 9;10 4 # &+4+)' &'75 )4'5575 /'15 Ü &KG -ÌPKIKP OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN UEJTGKVGV N PGDGP FGO DTKVKUEJGP .ÌYGP KO #DUEJPKVV FKG TÌOKUEJG ,CJTGU\CJN WPF FKG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT /KV GTJCDGPGT 4CPFUEJTKHV &'%75 '6 676#/'0 É #001 4')0+ 6'46+1 É (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 44 -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ &GT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT FKGUGT CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJGP WPF CVVTCMVKXGP )QNFOÒP\G YCT 9KNNKCO 9[QP 'T UVCOOVG CWU GKPGT (COKNKG DGMCPPVGT /GFCKNNGWTG FKG OGJT CNU JWPFGTV ,CJTG FGO DTKVKUEJGP -ÌPKIUJCWU FKGPVGP #NU 5QJP GKPGU 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTU WPF /GFCKNNGWTU GTNGTPVG 9KNNKCO FKG (·JKIMGKVGP UEJQP KP UGKPGT ,WIGPF #NU UGKP 1PMGN 6JQOCU 9[QP \WO NGKVGPFGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT FGT DTKVKUEJGP /ÒP\G GTPCPPV YWTFG GTJKGNV FGT LWPIG 9KNNKCO CWH 'ORHGJNWPI XQP 5KT 6JQOCU .CYTGPEG FGP 2QUVGP FGU 5VGNNXGTVTGVGTU UGKPGU 1PMGNU 9KNNKCO 9[QPU ITÌVGT CTVKUVK UEJGT 6TKWORJ YKTF KOOGT OKV FGP /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP XGTDWPFGP UGKP FKG GT PCEJ FGT 6JTQPDGUVGKIWPI FGT LWPIGP L·JTKIGP 8KEVQTKC IGUEJCHHGP JCVVG -GKPGO CPFGTGP -ÒPUVNGT IGNCPI GU INGKEJGTOCGP FGP LWIGPFNKEJGP %JCTOG OKV GKPGO GZ\GNNGPVGP 5VGORGNUEJPKVV \W XGTGKPGP 5GKP 2QTVT·V FGT -ÌPKIKP OKV &KCFGO YGNEJGU GT HÒT UGKPG )WKNFJCNN /GFCKNNG IGUEJPKVVGP JCVVG YCT 8QTNCIG HÒT FKG GTUVGP $TKGHOCTMGP &KG CDGT YQJN DGMCPPVGUVG WPF GKPFTWEMXQNNUVG 2TQFWMVKQP YCT FCU 2QWPF 5VÒEM 7PC CPF VJG .KQP YGNEJGU PWT KP FGO ,CJT OKV GKPGT #WHNCIG XQP 'ZGORNCTGP IGRT·IV YWTFG 5Q DGICPP FCU 8KEVQTKCPKUEJG <GKVCNVGT OKV FGO OCP HÒT )TQDTKVCP PKGP 9QJNUVCPF WPF GKPG #WUFGJPWPI FGU DTKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU XGTDKPFGV OKV GKPGT GKPFTWEMUXQNNGP /ÒP\G
254
255
256
257
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP ;QWPI JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D G 5EJN 5GCD[ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP ;QWPI JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D G 5EJN 5GCD[ % 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP ;QWPI JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D G 5EJN 5GCD[ % 5GJT UEJÌP
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP ;QWPI JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D H 5EJN 5GCD[ ' -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
40
EUROPA â&#x20AC;¢ GROSSBRITANNIEN
258
260
259
2QWPFU .QPFQP ,WDKNGG JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
2QWPFU .QPFQP ,WDKNGG JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
2QWPFU .QPFQP ,WDKNGG JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
ex 261
2TQQH 5GV ,WDKNGG %QKPCIG 2QWPFU 2QWPFU 5QXGTGKIP 5QXGTGKIP %TQYP X\ 5V %TQYP (NQTKP (NQTKP 5JKNNKPI 2GPEG 2GPEG +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D C C C C 5EJN 5GCD[ 25 5VÃ&#x2019;EM Z )1.& 44 0WT 5·V\G IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG OKP DGTÃ&#x2019;JTV
2TQQH 5GV ,WDKNGG %QKPCIG 2QWPFU 2QWPFU 5QXGTGKIP 5QXGTGKIP %TQYP %TQYP (NQTKP (NQTKP 5JKNNKPI 2GPEG 2GPEG +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D C C C C 5EJN 5GCD[ 25 5VÃ&#x2019;EM Z )1.& 44 0WT 5·V\G IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG OKP DGTÃ&#x2019;JTV
/Ã&#x2019;P\UCV\ ,WDKNGG %QKPCIG 2QWPFU 2QWPFU 5QXGTGKIP 5QXGTGKIP %TQYP %TQYP (NQTKP (NQTKP 5JKNNKPI 2GPEG 2GPEG +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 25 FQTV CNU 2TQQH 5VÃ&#x2019;EM Z )1.& +P 5COVGVWK 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 41
EUROPA • GROSSBRITANNIEN
265
264
2QWPFU .QPFQP 1NF JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 2QWPFU .QPFQP 1NF JGCF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
ex 266
2TQQH 5GV 1NF JGCF %QKPCIG 2QWPFU 2QWPFU 5QXGTGKIP 5QXGTGKIP %TQYP %TQYP (NQTKP 5JKNNKPI 2GPEG 2GPEG +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D C C C C 5EJN 5GCD[ 25 5VÒEM Z )1.& 44 0WT 5·V\G IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG OKP DGTÒJTV
268
ex 267
42
ex 267
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP ) 9 FG 5CWNNGU PCEJ 6 $TQEM CWH KJT L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIU LWDKN·WO NVGTGU $TWUVDKNF 8KEVQTKCU N OKV 9KVYGPUEJNGKGT ,WPIG $ÒUVG 8KEVQTKCU N \YKUEJGP +PUEJTKHV FCTWPVGT .QTDGGT\YGKIG OO I &C\W LG GKP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G &KG FTGK /GFCKNNGP DGHKPFGP UKEJ LGYGKNU KP GKPGO 1TKIKPCNGVWK HÒT FKG 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\GOGFCKNNG KUV CWGT FGO FKG QTKIKPCNG 2CRKGTXGTRCEMWPI XQTJCPFGP 'KOGT C Z 5VÒEM FCXQP Z )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
'FYCTF 8++ 2QWPFU .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
EUROPA • GROSSBRITANNIEN
ex 269
2TQQH 5GV 2QWPFU 2QWPFU 5QXGTGKIP 5QXGTGKIP %TQYP %TQYP (NQTKP 5JKNNKPI 2GPEG 2GPEG 2GPEG 2GPEG 2GPP[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D C C C C 5EJN 5GCD[ 25 5VÒEM Z )1.& +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK /CVVKGTV RQNKGTVG 2NCVVG OKP DGTÒJTV
270
271
270
)GQTIG 8 2QWPFU .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
5QXGTGKIP .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D C 5EJN 5GCD[ 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
ex 272
2TQQH 5GV 2QWPFU 2QWPFU 5QXGTGKIP 5QXGTGKIP %TQYP (NQTKP 5JKNNKPI 2GPEG 2GPEG 2GPEG 2GPEG 2GPP[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D C C 5EJN 5GCD[ 25 5VÒEM Z )1.& +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG OKP DGTÒJTV 43
EUROPA • ITALIEN
273
)GQTIG 8+ 2QWPFU .QPFQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GCD[ 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
274
1,5:1
1,5:1
+6#.+'0
$'./106'
#PVQPKQ 2KIPCVGNNK <GEEJKPQ ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV I $ÒUVG T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9CRRGP CWH *GTOGNKPOCPVGN FCTÒDGT (ÒTUVGPJWV %0+ :8+++ 5 (D FQTV PWT FKG ,CJTGU\CJN /QTQUKPK 4 FQTV PWT 8QTMQOOGP OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
275
276
(.14'0<
4GRWDNKM (KQTKPQ F QTQ Q , I .KNKG 5V ,QJCPPGU UVGJV X X CO 'PFG FGT 7OUEJTKHV /ÒP\\GKEJGP *COOGT $GTPQEEJK (D (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
)'07#
)CDTKGNG #FQTPQ 8 )GPQXKPQ Q , I /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPFGWVNKEJ (D .WPCTFK (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
277
278
.QWKU :++ XQP (TCPMTGKEJ 5KIPQTG XQP )GPWC 4GIKGTWPI 5EWFQ F QTQ FGN UQNG Q ,
)GPWC I &WRNGUU[ (D .WPCTFK 4 5GJT UEJÌP
4GRWDNKM &QIK $KGPPCNK 5EWFQ F QTQ FGN UQNG Q , )GPWC I (D .WPCTFK -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP
44
EUROPA • ITALIEN
280
279
279
.KTG )GPWC I (D .WPCTFK
.KIWTKUEJG 4GRWDNKM .KTG #0 8+++ I (GKPIQNF (D .WPCTFK 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
282
281
.GKEJVG (CUUWPIUURWTGP HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
284
283
-+4%*'056##6
4ÌOKUEJGT 5GPCV &WECVQ Q , 4QO I (D /WPVQPK HH
8QT\ÒINKEJ
0KEQNCWU 8 &WECVQ RCRCNG Q , 4QO I (D /WPVQPK #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
2CWN ++ &WECVQ RCRCNG Q , 4QO I /KVTC WPF IGMTGW\VG 5EJNÒUUGN ÒDGT 9CRRGP &KG JGKNKIG 8GTQPKMC UVGJV X X WPF J·NV FCU 5EJYGKVWEJ %JTKUVK OKV FGUUGP #DDKNF (D /WPVQPK 44 5GJT UEJÌP
#NGZCPFGT 8+ (KQTKPQ FK ECOGTC Q , 4QO I (D /WPVQPK NGKEJV XCT #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
285
286
%NGOGPU 8++ 5EWFQ F QTQ Q , $QNQIPC I (D /WPVQPK #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
2CWN +++ 5EWFQ F QTQ Q , 2KCEGP\C I (D /WPVQPK
287
5GJT UEJÌP
288
5EWFQ F QTQ Q , 4QO I (D /WPVQPK
5GJT UEJÌP
2CWN 8 5EWFQ F QTQ # :+ 4QO I (D /WPVQPK C 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
45
EUROPA • ITALIEN
289
290
%NGOGPU :++ 5EWFQ F QTQ # 8 4QO I (D /WPVQPK 'VYCU IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
%NGOGPU :+8 <GEEJKPQ # +++ 4QO I (D /WPVQPK D
291
292
8QT\ÒINKEJ
292
)TGIQT :8+ 5EWFK # 8+ 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK E 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2KWU +: 5EWFK #0 :++ 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
295 293
294
.KTG #0 ::+ 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG # ::++ 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG # ::++ 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
296
299
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP 4 5GJT UEJÌP
297
299
2KWU :++ .KTG # +8$ /%/. 4QO CWH FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.KTG # +8$ /%/. 4QO CWH FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.KTG # +8$ /%/. 4QO CWH FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.1/$#4&'+ 46
2TQXKUQTKUEJG 4GIKGTWPI .KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
EUROPA • ITALIEN
301 300
300
/1&'0#
(TCPEGUEQ + F 'UVG 5EWFK Q , I $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FCTWPVGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP ) ( / /CFQPPC OKV -KPF (D 8CTGUK 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5EWFQ 5QNFK Q , I (D 8CTGUK
.GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
302
302 1,5:1
0'#2'. 70& 5+<+.+'0
(GTFKPCPF + XQP #TCIQP &WECVQ Q , 0GCRGN I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T N KO (GNF $GK\GKEJGP 6 )GMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ D #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
303
1,5:1
1,5:1
(TKGFTKEJ +++ XQP #TCIQP &WECVQ Q , I )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T N KO (GNF $GK\GKEJGP 6 $GJGNOVGU 9CRRGP FCTÒDGT &TCEJG (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ 44 5GJT UEJÌP
304
305
-CTN +++ XQP $QWTDQP &WECVK I $ÒUVG T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP HGKPUVGT 'TJCNVWPI 5VGORGNINCP\
(GTFKPCPF +8 XQP $QWTDQP 2GTKQFG &WECVK I (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT /KP LWUVKGTV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
47
EUROPA • ITALIEN
306
&WECVK I (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ &WECVK I (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ
307
2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 5VGORGNINCP\ 5GJT UEJÌP
308
309
&WECVK I (D 2CPPWVK 4KEEKQ
,QCEJKO /WTCV -ÌPKI XQP 0GCRGN .KTG 0GCRGN I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK D 5EJN -N -TCV\GT WPF 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
.GKEJV LWUVKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
311
310
310
.KTG 0GCRGN I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK I 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(GTFKPCPF + &WECVK 0GCRGN I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK C 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
312
313
2#4/#
/CTKC .QWKUC .KTG /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.KTG /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
314
5GJT UEJÌP
315
5#4&+0+'0
8KEVQT 'OCPWGN + .KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
.KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
48
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
EUROPA • ITALIEN
317
316
-CTN (GNKZ .KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
.KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
319
318
5GJT UEJÌP
320
321
.KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP .KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ .KTG )GPWC I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 9KP\ *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
.KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK C 5EJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
322
323
324
-CTN #NDGTV .KTG )GPWC I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
49
EUROPA • ITALIEN
325
326
326
.KTG 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
8KEVQT 'OCPWGN ++ .KTG )GPWC I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
327
328
330
329
5+<+.+'0
4WIIGTQ ++ 6CTK F QTQ WO /GUUKPC I )NQDWU WOJGT .GIGPFG -TGW\ \YKUEJGP 5EJTKHV (D 5RCJT -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
*GKPTKEJ 8+ IGOGKPUCO OKV UGKPGO 5QJP (TKGFTKEJ 6CTK F QTQ /GUUKPC I )NQDWU WOJGT .GIGPFG -TGW\ \YKUEJGP 5EJTKHV (D XCT 5RCJT 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(GFGTKEQ ++ /GJTHCEJGT 6CTK F QTQ WO /GUUKPC QFGT $TKPFKUK I #FNGT -TGW\ \YKUEJGP 5EJTKHV (D C 5RCJT 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
6CTK F QTQ WO /GUUKPC QFGT $TKPFKUK I #FNGT -TGW\ \YKUEJGP 5EJTKHV (D 5RCJT 'VYCU IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
331
332
332
-CTN XQP $QWTDQP 1PEKC F QTQ 2CNGTOQ I (D 8CTGUK 2TCEJVGZGORNCT /KP LWUVKGTV 5VGORGNINCP\
1PEKC F QTQ 2CNGTOQ I (D 8CTGUK 2TCEJVGZGORNCT /KP LWUVKGTV 5VGORGNINCP\
333
334
57$#.2+0' 4'27$.+-
(TCPEU #0 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU #0 6WTKP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
50
EUROPA • ITALIEN
335
336
615%#0#
#NGUUCPFTQ 5EWFQ F QTQ Q , (NQTGP\ I )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP 4GKEJ XGT\KGTVGU -TGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGN LG GKP &KCOCPVTKPI (D )CNGQVVK ::+8 ::++ 4 .GKEJVGT &QRRGNUEJNCI UGJT UEJÌP
5EWFQ F QTQ Q , (NQTGP\ I (D )CNGQVVK ::++ 4 <WO 6GKN UEJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IV UGJT UEJÌP
1,5:1
337
1,5:1
(GTFKPCPFQ + /GFKEK )TQJGT\QI &QRRKC Q , (NQTGP\ I (D )CNGQVVK ::8 44 5GJT UEJÌP
338
339
340
341
342
%QUKOQ +++ /GFKEK (KQTKPQ F QTQ (NQTGP\ I (D )CNGQVVK 8+ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
)KCP )CUVQPG /GFKEK (KQTKPQ F QTQ (NQTGP\ I (D )CNGQVVK ++ 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.GQRQNFQ ++ FK .QTGPC <GEEJKPQ (NQTGP\ (NQTGPVKPGT 6[R I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .GKEJV IGYGNNV CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
#PVQPKQ 8GPKGT &WECVQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK
5GJT UEJÌP
/KEJGNG 5VGPQ &WECVQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK
8QT\ÒINKEJ
8'0'&+)
344
343
#PFTGC )TKVVK 5EWFQ F QTQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK
345
)WVGU UGJT UEJÌP
.QFQXKEQ /CPKP <GEEJKPQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK
8QT\ÒINKEJ
<GEEJKPQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK
5GJT UEJÌP
51
EUROPA • ITALIEN
346
347
<GEEJKPQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK <GEEJKPQ Q , I (D )CODGTKPK
5GJT UEJÌP 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP
348
348 1,5:1
2TQXKUQTKUEJG 4GIKGTWPI .KTG 8GPGFKI I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP
349
350
-¤0+)4'+%* +6#.+'0
0CRQNGQP .KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
352
351
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK C 5EJN
353
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
354
355
355
.KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK C 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.KTG / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK C 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
7ODGTVQ + .KTG 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
52
EUROPA • ITALIEN
356
8KEVQT 'OCPWGN +++ .KTG 4 4QO I 8+6614+1 '/#07'.' +++ -QRH N FCTWPVGT FGT 0COG FGU /ÒP\OGKUVGTU 52'4#0<# 4')01 & +6#.+# )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV $TWUV UEJKNF FCTWPVGT 9GTVCPICDG /ÒP\UV·VVGP\GKEJGP WPF ,CJTGU\CJN (D 2CICPK 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
357
.KTG 4 4QO I 8+6614+1 '/#07'.' +++ -QRH N FCTWPVGT FGT 0COG FGU /ÒP\ OGKUVGTU 52'4#0<# 4')01 & +6#.+# )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV $TWUVUEJKNF FCTWPVGT 9GTVCPICDG /ÒP\UV·VVGP\GKEJGP WPF ,CJTGU\CJN (D 2CICPK 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
359
358
358
.KTG 4 4QO ,CJTG -ÌPKITGKEJ +VCNKGP I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
.KTG 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
360
361
362
.KTG +: 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG +: 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG : 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN .KTG : 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
363
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
53
EUROPA • JUGOSLAWIEN
364
365
365
,7)15.#9+'0
-¤0+)4'+%*
#NGZCPFGT + &KPCTC $GNITCF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCVGP $GNITCF /KV 4GKPJGKVU )CTCPVKGUVGORGN JTG CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 8QP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
367
366
(ª456'067/
(TCP\ ,QUGRJ ++ (TCPMGP $GTP (ÒTUVGPRCCT I (GKPIQNF (D */< 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
,1*#00+6'414&'0
.+'%*6'056'+0
/#.6#
*WIWGU .QWDGPU FG 8GTFCNNG <GEEJKPQ Q , I (D 4GUVGNNK 4 <WO 6GKN GVYCU UEJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IV XQT\ÒINKEJ
368
369
370
'OOCPWGN 2KPVQ <GEEJKPK Q , I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N )GMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG (D 4GUVGNNK 44 .GKEJV LWUVKGTV UGJT UEJÌP
5EWFK I <YGK IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP \YKUEJGP <YGKIGP 5V ,QJCPPGU UVGJV T OKV FGT 1TFGPU HCJPG FCXQT .COO (D 4GUVGNNK 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
'OOCPWGN FG 4QJCP 5EWFK I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T <YGK 9CRRGP UEJKNFG PGDGPGKPCPFGT FCTÒDGT -TQPG (D 4GUVGNNK 5GJT UEJÌP
54
EUROPA • MALTA
ex 371
/#.6'5'414&'0
5QWXGT·PGT /CNVGUGT 4KVVGTQTFGP KP 4QO )QNFOÒP\GPUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU WPF .KTCU KPUIGUCOV I HGKP UQYKG GKPGT $TQP\GOGFCKNNG OO 5VÒEM Z )1.& +P 1TKIKPCNUEJCVWNNG OKV <GTVKHKMCV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
372
(ª456'067/
373
374
/10#%1
#NDGTV + (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF FG /G[ (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF FG /G[ (D 5EJN (TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF FG /G[ (D 5EJN
375
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
376
(TCPEU # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF FG /G[ (D 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.QWKU ++ (TCPEU 2CTKU 2TQDG 'UUCK KP )QNF I FG /G[ \W (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
55
EUROPA • MONTENEGRO
377
378
(ª456'067/
381
379
380
/106'0')41
0KMQNCWU + 2GTRGTC 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 2GTRGTC 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
2GTRGTC 9KGP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
2GTRGTC 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
)'.&'40
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
8QT\ÒINKEJ
0+'&'4.#0&'
*GT\QIVWO #TPQNF XQP 'IOQPF )QNFIWNFGP (NQTKP F QT Q , I &GNO (D
FQTV HCNUEJG #DDKNFWPI 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
382
383
384
2TQXKP\ &WMCV Q , I 7PICTKUEJGT 6[R &GNO (D
383
4 /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
)14+0%*'/
5VCFV 4QUGPQDNG Q , I +OKVCVKQP GKPGU GPINKUEJGP 4QUGPQDNGU XQP -ÌPKI 'FYCTF +8 &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -ÌPKI X X KP 5EJKHH CWH 9GNNGP KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV OKV FGT .KPMGP FGP XKGTHGNFKIGP 5EJKNF XQT UKEJ JCNVGPF $NWOGPMTGW\ OKV IGMTÌPVGP .ÌYGP WPF 8GT\KGTWPIGP KP FGP 9KPMGNP &GNO 4 (D 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
5VCFV &WMCV CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 7VTGEJV I 'KP *CJP VCP\V PGDGP GKPGT XQP GKPGT *CPF CWU 9QNMGP IGJCNVGPGP *CTHG 5VCFVCPUKEJV 2CZ KP 0WOOKU XIN 44 /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
764'%*6 &GT XQTNKGIGPFG &WMCV GTKPPGTV CWH UCVKTKUEJG 9GKUG CP FGP (TKGFGPUXGTVTCI XQP 7VTGEJV XQO #RTKN OKV FGO FGT 5RCPKUEJG 'TDHQNIGMTKGI DGGPFGV YWTFG &CU 8GTVTCIUYGTM WOHCUUVG \CJNTGKEJG 8GTGKP DCTWPIGP \YKUEJGP HCUV CNNGP GWTQR·KUEJGP 5VCCVGP WPF DNKGD YGKVIGJGPF DKU \WT TC 0CRQNGQPU IÒNVKI <W FGP \GPVTCNGP 8GTVTCIURCTVGKGP \·JNVGP 'PINCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ .GV\VGTGU OWVG FKG 6JQTPHQNIG FGU *CWUGU *CPPQXGT KP 'PINCPF CPGTMGPPGP WPF FGO GJGOCNKIGP GPINKUEJGP -ÌPKI ,CMQD 5VWCTV YGKVGTG 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI WPF #U[N XGTUCIGP #WGTFGO XGT\KEJVGVG FGT 5QPPGPMÌPKI HÒT KOOGT CWH GKPG 4GIKGTWPI (TCPMTGKEJU WPF 5RCPKGPU KP 2GTUQPCNWPKQP (TCPMTGKEJ YKTF CWH FGO GZVTGO UGNVGPGP &WMCVGP CNU *CJP FCTIGUVGNNV FGT PCEJ FGT GPINKUEJGP *CTHG VCP\V &KG 7OUEJTKHV ō51 $#.& &+' *#4/10+' )'/#%*6 ņ *#6 864'%*6 (4+'&'0 *'4)'$4#%*6ŋ DGNGIV FC FKG )QNFRT·IWPI KP &GWVUEJNCPF GPVUVCPFGP KUV YQ GKPG CWUIGRT·IVG 5MGRUKU JKPUKEJVNKEJ FGT &CWGTJCHVKIMGKV FGU 7VTGEJVGT (TKGFGPU DGUVCPF &GT &WMCV KUV GKP GKPFTWEMUXQNNGU &QMWOGPV RQNKVKUEJGT 5CVKTG KP FGT <GKV FGU #DUQNWVKUOWU WPF GKP IWVGT $GNGI HÒT FKG JKUVQTKUEJG #WUUCIGMTCHV XQP PWOKUOCVKUEJGP 1DLGMVGP
56
EUROPA • NIEDERLANDE
385
386
386
<''.#0&
2TQXKP\ &WMCVGP I &GNO (D
4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
$#6#8+5%*' 4'27$.+-
388
387
389
-¤0+)4'+%* *1..#0&
.WFYKI 0CRQNGQP &WMCV &QTFTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌP
&WMCV 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP C
8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF /KV MNGKPGT ,CJTGU\CJN (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP D (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
390
390 1,5:1
&WMCVGP 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1,5:1
391
1,5:1
-¤0+)4'+%* 0+'&'4.#0&'
9KNJGNO + )QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU %GPVU 7VTGEJV I (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP C #PO 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 57
EUROPA • NIEDERLANDE
393
392
392
)WNFGP $ $TÒUUGN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV $TÒUUGN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
394
395
)WNFGP 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP -N -TCV\GT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG XQT\ÒINKEJ
)WNFGP 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
396
1,5:1
1,5:1
9KNJGNO ++ )WNFGP 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
397
398
ex 399
9KNJGNOKPC )WNFGP 7VTGEJV -TÌPNGKP 6[R I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
)WNFGP 7VTGEJV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5EJWNOCP
5GJT UEJÌP
.16 4+66'4&7-#6'0 58
4KVVGTFWMCVGP *QNNCPF Z QJPG -NGGDNCVV +PUIGUCOV I (D
Z 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ
EUROPA • NORWEGEN
401
400
0149')'0
-¤0+)4'+%*
1UMCT ++ -TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
-TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
402
403
-TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN -TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
-TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN
4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
*CCMQP 8++ -TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
404
405
407
406
-TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN -TQPGP -QPIUDGTI I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
409
408
-¤0+)4'+%*
408
21.'0
#WIWUV +++ &WMCV &TGUFGP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC #OCNKC OKV -ÌPKI -CTN XQP 5K\KNKGP I 'KPG *CPF CWU 9QNMGP J·NV GKPG -TQPG ÒDGT \YGK *GT\GP CWH #NVCT 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV (D )WO 5NI /GTUGD 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5VCPKUNCWU #WIWUV &WMCV '$ 9CTUEJCW I (D )WO *ÒDUEJG )QNFRCVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
59
EUROPA • POLEN
410
411
#NGZCPFGT + XQP 4WNCPF <NQV[ +$ 9CTUEJCW I (GKPIQNF (D )WO 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
4GXQNWVKQP &WMCV /ÒP\\GKEJGP #FNGT 2T·IWPI FGT #WHUV·PFKUEJGP I (GKPIQNF (D )WO 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
412
415
413
416
4GRWDNKM <NQV[ ,CJTG -ÌPKITGKEJ I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
<NQV[ ,CJTG -ÌPKITGKEJ I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
<NQV[ <NQV[ $GKFG ,CJTG -ÌPKITGKEJ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
8QNMUTGRWDNKM <NQV[ /KMQNCL -QRGTPKM I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
<NQV[ /KMQNCL -QRGTPKM I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
8QT\ÒINKEJ
417
&#0<+)
5VCFV &WMCV ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN XGTOWVNKEJ CWU IG·PFGTV OKV 6KVGN ,QJCPP +++ 5QDKGUMKU
I 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP \YGK .ÌYGP IGJCNVGP FCTÒDGT $NWOGPMTCP\ WPVGP MNGKPGU .Ì YGPUEJKNF )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T &WVMQYUMK 5WEJCPGM (D .GKEJV IGYGNNV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
418
-¤0+)4'+%*
419
21467)#.
,QJCPP +++ %TW\CFQ Q , .KUUCDQP I (D )QOGU , D )WVGU UGJT UEJÌP
5GDCUVKCP 4GCKU Q , .KUUCDQP I )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP -TGW\ (D )QOGU 5G 44 5GJT UEJÌP
60
EUROPA • PORTUGAL
421
421
420
4GCKU Q , .KUUCDQP I (D )QOGU 5G C
5GJT UEJÌP
,QJCPP 8 4GKU 0GPPYGTV 4GKU %TW\CFQ PQXQ .KUUCDQP I (D )QOGU , 5GJT UEJÌP
423
422
422
,QUGH + 2G¼C 4GKU .KUUCDQP I (D )QOGU ,Q (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
/CTKC ++ 4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU / 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
425
424
426
427
2GVGT 8 4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU 2 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU 2 5EJN
.WFYKI + 4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU . 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU . 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
428
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
429
4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU . 5EJN
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4GKU .KUUCDQP I (GKPIQNF (D )QOGU . 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
61
EUROPA • RUMÄNIEN
430
-¤0+)4'+%*
431
47/ 0+'0
-CTN + .GK $TÒUUGN CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D 4CWVC 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV /KP 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.GK $TÒUUGN CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D 4CWVC 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
432
434
433
.GK $TÒUUGN CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D 4CWVC 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.GK $TÒUUGN CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D 4CWVC 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5#0 /#4+01
4GRWDNKM .KTG 4 4QO I (GKPIQNF (D 2CICPK 5EJN
1,5:1
-¤0+)4'+%*
435
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1,5:1
5%*9'&'0
)WUVCX ++ #FQNH )QNFGPGT )PCFGPRHGPPKI )QNFUEJOKGFGCTDGKV XQP GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP -ÒPUVNGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV (GNFDKPFG )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI &KG /GFCKNNG KUV XQP IQNFGPGO 5EJPKV\YGTM WOIGDGP QDGP DGHKPFGV UKEJ GKPG ¤UG OKV GKPGO 4KPI WPVGP GKPG ¤UG OKV GKPGT 2GTNG &CU -NGKPQF KUV XQNNUV·PFKI OKV YGKGT TQVGT ITÒPGT UEJYCT\GT DTCWPGT WPF DNCWGT 'OCKNNG XGT\KGTV Z OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 *[EMGTV 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV WPF ITQGT MWPUVIGUEJKEJVNKEJGT $GFGWVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ GTJCNVGP &KGUGU -NGKPQF KUV CWGTQTFGPVNKEJ UGNVGP KPUDGUQPFGTG OKV XQNNUV·PFKIGO 'OCKNNGÒDGT\WI 'KP ·JPNKEJGU 5VÒEM DGHCPF UKEJ KP FGT 5COONWPI FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 4KVVOGKUVGTU )TGHXG # 'JTGPUX·TF FKG CO #RTKN FWTEJ * $WMQYUMK KP 5VQEMJQNO XGTUVGKIGTV YWTFG &KGUGU 'ZGORNCT FCU *[EMGTV KP UGKPGO #WHUCV\ KP FGP 0WOKUOCVKUMC /GFFGNCPFGP CWHHÒJTV YWTFG XQP FGO 0WOKUOCVKMGT #RRGNITGP KO #WHVTCI GKPGU CWUN·PFKUEJGP -WPFGP HÒT FGP FCOCNU GPQTOGP $GVTCI XQP -TQPGP GTUVGKIGTV
62
EUROPA • SCHWEDEN
437
436
)QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP L·JTKIGP 6QFGUVCI )WUVCX ++ #FQNHU $TWUV DKNF )WUVCX ++ #FQNHU JCNDT \W FGP 5GKVGP UGKP )GDWTVU D\Y 5VGTDGLCJT 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPVGP 4GKEJUCRHGN QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG KP 9QNMGP /KV 4CPFITCXWT $ *#726/ª0<#/6 - OO I -KGPCUV (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ (TKGFTKEJ + &WMCV 5VQEMJQNO I #JNUVTÌO (D .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
439
438
-CTN :8 %CTQNKP (TCPEU 5VQEMJQNO I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1UMCT ++ -TQPGP 5VQEMJQNO I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ
440
441
443
442
-TQPGP 5VQEMJQNO I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D D 5EJN
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
-TQPGP 5VQEMJQNO I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
)WUVCX 8 -TQPGP 5VQEMJQNO I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
-TQPGP 5VQEMJQNO I (GKPIQNF #JNUVTÌO (D 5EJN
444
$#5'.
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
445
5%*9'+<
5VCFV )QNFIWNFGP Q , OKV 6KVGN XQP -CKUGT 5KIKUOWPF I (D 9KPVGTUVGKP 5GJT UEJÌP
&WRNQPG I & 6 (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
63
EUROPA • SCHWEIZ
446 448
447
<ª4+%*
5VCFV &WMCV I & 6 T (D C FQTV HCNUEJ DGUEJTKGDGP
(TCPMGP &WRNQPG $GTP I (GKPIQNF & 6 (D 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌP
8QT\ÒINKEJ
*'.8'6+5%*' 4'27$.+- '+&)'0155'05%*#(6
(TCPMGP $TÒUUGN 2TQDG OKV IGTKRRVGO 4CPF WPF /ÒP\\GKEJGP 'PIGNUMÌRHEJGP I &KXQ (D 5EJN 44 8GTOWVNKEJ PWT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPMGP $ (TCPMGP $ $GTP +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPMGP $ $GTP 8TGPGNK I (GKPIQNF &KXQ (D 5EJN 5VÒEM 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
451
(TCPMGP $ $GTP 8TGPGNK I (GKPIQNF (TCWGPDÒUVG OKV IGHNQEJVGPGO <QRH N FCU -NGKF OKV 'FGNYGKDNÒVGP DGUVKEMV KO *KPVGTITWPF $GTIG 5EJYGK\GTMTGW\ KP 5VTCJNGP 9GTVCPICDG ,CJTGU \CJN WPVGP #NRGPTQUGP WPF 'P\KCPDNÒVGP\YGKIG &KXQ (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
452
453
5'4$+'0
/KNCP +8 1DTGPQYKVUEJ &KPCTC # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&KPCTC 8 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ
%CTNQU + WPF ,WCPC 'UEWFQ Q , 5GIQXKC I % % 6 (D 4 5GJT UEJÌP
(GNKRG ++ 'UEWFQU ,CJTGU\CJN WPF /ÒP\\GKEJGP PKEJV GTMGPPDCT I 9CRRGP -TGW\ (D HH 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP
455
454
-¤0+)4'+%*
52#0+'0
&GT /ÒP\JGTT FKGUGU CP FGP GPVUEJGKFGPFGP 5VGNNGP UEJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IVGP FQRRGNVGP 'UEWFQU MÌPPVG CWEJ 2JKNKRR +++
UGKP
64
EUROPA • SPANIEN
457
456
456
'UEWFQU Q , 2 5GXKNNC I % % 6 HH (D
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(GTPCPFQ 8+ 'UEWFQ / ,$ /CFTKF I % % 6 (D (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
459 458
458
%CTNQU +++ 'UEWFQU / 2, /CFTKF I % % 6 (D 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
'UEWFQ 5 % 5GXKNNC I % % 6 (D
44 5GJT UEJÌP
462
461
460
460
'UEWFQU 5 % 5GXKNNC I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPGN )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOJGT 1TFGPUMGVVG % % 6 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
'UEWFQ ,CJTU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV / / /CFTKF I % % 6 C (D 5GJT UEJÌP
'UEWFQ 5 % 5GXKNNC I % % 6 (D
463
5GJT UEJÌP
464 463
%CTNQU +8 'UEWFQU / /( /CFTKF I % % 6 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
'UEWFQ / /( /CFTKF I % % 6 (D 5EJN
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
465
466
'UEWFQU / /( /CFTKF I % % 6 (D 5EJN
,QUGRJ 0CRQNGQP $QPCRCTVG 4GCNGU / #+ /CFTKF I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
65
EUROPA • TSCHECHIEN
468
467
469
471
470
(GTPCPFQ 8++ 'UEWFQ / ), /CFTKF I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
'UEWFQU / ), /CFTKF I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 4GCNGU / 54 /CFTKF I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
'UEWFQU / #, /CFTKF I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
+UCDGNNC ++ 4GCNGU $ 25 $CTEGNQPC I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
#NHQPUQ :++ 2GUGVCU &' / '/ / /5 / CNNG CWU FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG /CFTKF +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D Z 5EJN 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
473
475
474
476
#NHQPUQ :+++ 2GUGVCU /2 / /CFTKF $CD[MQRH I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GUGVCU /2 / /CFTKF $CD[MQRH I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GUGVCU /2 / /CFTKF $CD[MQRH I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GUGVCU 5/ 8 /CFTKF I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN $GTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP
1,5:1
$¤*/'0
66
477 1,5:1
65%*'%*+'0
-CTN +8 &WMCV Q , -WVVGPDGTI I )GMTÌPVGU *ÒHVDKNF X X OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN &GT IGMTÌPVG FQRRGNUEJY·P\KIG DÌJOKUEJG .ÌYG N &QPGD XCT (D WGTUV UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
EUROPA • TSCHECHIEN
478 1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV Q , -WVVGPDGTI I )GMTÌPVGU *ÒHVDKNF X X OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN &GT IGMTÌPVG FQRRGNUEJY·P\KIG DÌJOKUEJG .ÌYG N &QPGD (D ªDGTFWTEJUEJPKVVNKEJ IWV GTJCNVGP WPF IWV CWUIGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
480
479
65%*'%*15.19#-'+
4GRWDNKM &WMCVGP -TGOPKV\ 5V 9GP\GN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCVGP -TGOPKV\ ,CJTGUVCI FGT %JTKUVKCPKUKGTWPI $ÌJOGPU I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
481
482
481
&WMCVGP -TGOPKV\ 5V 9GP\GN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCVGP -TGOPKV\ 5V 9GP\GN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
483
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP OKV 5KIPCVWT <- CWH FGP MCKUGTNKEJGP (GNFJGTTP KO L·JTKIGP -TKGI #NDTGEJV XQP 9CNNGPUVGKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT 9CR RGPUEJKNF FCTKP IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV XKGTHGNFKIGO 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV OO I &C\W )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP OO I 5EJN 5VÒEM +P 1TKIKPCNUEJCVWNNG 5VGORGNINCP\ 67
EUROPA • TÜRKEI
484
485
486
487
6ª4-'+
5ÒNG[OCP + #NVKP #* /KUT I 2GTG HH /CJOWF + <GTK /CJDWD #* +UNCODQN I 2GTG 1UOCP +++ <GTK /CJDWD #* /KUT I 2GTG
#DFWN *COKF + <GTK /CJDWD #* 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT I (D 2GTG 8QT\ÒINKEJ
488
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
489
<GTK /CJDWD #* 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT I (D 2GTG
#DFWN *COKF ++ 2KCUVGT #* 4GIKGTWPIULCJT -QPUVCPVKPQRGN
+UVCPDWN I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
1,5:1
490
8QT\ÒINKEJ
1,5:1
70)#40
,QJCPP *WP[CFK )QNFIWNFGP Q , 0CI[D±P[C I -COOGTITCHGP %JTK UVQRJQTWU WPF #PVQPKWU %\CVJ[ 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP *GKNKIGT UVGJV X X OKV 5VTGKVCZV WPF 4GKEJUCR HGN \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP /ÒP\\GKEJGP (D 2QJN ) 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
491
492
493
.CFKUNCWU 8 )QNFIWNFGP Q , 0CI[D±P[C I -COOGTITCHGP %JTKUVQRJQTWU WPF #PVQPKWU FG (NQTGPVKC (D 2QJN * 8QT\ÒINKEJ
/CVVJKCU %QTXKPWU )QNFIWNFGP Q , 0CI[D±P[C I )GRT·IV HÒT $CPWU 0KEQNCWU 7LNCM[ (D 2QJN - 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.WFYKI ++ )QNFIWNFGP *GTOCPPUVCFV I -COOGTITCH ,QJCPPGU .WNC[ FG $ÉN[C (D 2QJN / )GYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
68
EUROPA • UNGARN
495
494
494
496
496
8QNMUTGRWDNKM (QTKPV 6QFGUVCI XQP /KMNQU <TKP[K I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT CWU RQNKGTVGT 2NCVVG (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
(QTKPV 6QFGUVCI XQP /KMNQU <TKP[K I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT CWU RQNKGTVGT 2NCVVG (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
(QTKPV 6QFGUVCI XQP /KMNQU <TKP[K I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
(QTKPV 6QFGUVCI XQP /KMNQU <TKP[K I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
498
499
5+'$'0$ª4)'0 (ª456'0
,QJCPP ++ 5KIKUOWPF &WMCV *GTOCPPUVCFV I )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP /CFQPPC UKV\V X X OKV -KPF (D 4GUEJ 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
)CDTKGN $GVJNGP &WMCV 0$ 0CI[D±P[C I (D 4GUEJ
5GJT UEJÌP
500
/KEJCGN #RCHK &WMCVGP *GTOCPPUVCFV I Ÿ /+%*# Ú #2#(+ Û Ÿ & Û ) Û 24 Û 64 Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF T OKV 2GN\OÒV\G OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU <GRVGT UEJWNVGTPF FKG .KPMG CO 5EJYGTVITKHH Ÿ 2#4 Û 4') Û *80 Û & Û Û ' Û 5+%8 Û %1 Û Û )GMTÌPVGU XGT\KGTVGU 9CRRGP OKV FGO #RCHK UEJGP /KVVGNUEJKNF GKP XQP GKPGO 5EJYGTV FWTEJDQJTVGT *GNO CWU FGO GKP 9GKPUVQEM Y·EJUV WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV FCU 9CRRGP XQP *GTOCPPUVCFV \YKUEJGP <YGKIGP (D 4GUEJ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GUU .GW .W\GTP 0T
69
ÜBERSEE • ÄGYPTEN
)1.&/ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 #75 ª$'45''
501
502
503
504
);26'0
#DFWN *COKF ++ 2KCUVGT #* 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT I (GKP IQNF (D 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(WCF 2KCUVGT #* I (GKPIQNF (D 2KCUVGT #* I (GKPIQNF (D 2KCUVGT #* I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
505
506
2KCUVGT #* I (GKPIQNF (D
5VGORGNINCP\
(CTQWM 2KCUVGT #* *QEJ\GKV I (GKPIQNF (D 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP 5VGORGNINCP\
507
509
2KCUVGT #* *QEJ\GKV I (GKPIQNF (D 2KCUVGT #* *QEJ\GKV I (GKPIQNF (D 2KCUVGT #* *QEJ\GKV I (GKPIQNF (D
510
511
508
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
512
4GRWDNKM 2QWPF #* 5VTGKVYCIGP I (GKPIQNF (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ 2QWPF #* 5VTGKVYCIGP I (GKPIQNF (D (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
8GTGKPKIVG #TCDKUEJG 4GRWDNKM 2QWPF #* #UUWCP 5VCWFCOO I (GKPIQNF (D 5VGORGNINCP\
70
ÜBERSEE • AFGHANISTAN
513
514
#()*#0+56#0
*CDKDWNNCJ )JC\K *CDKDK \W 4WRKGP #* I (GKPIQNF (D 4 5GJT UEJÌP
/WJCOOCF <CJKT 5JCJ )TCOU 5* #* I (GKPIQNF (D - / 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP
516
515
#7564#.+'0
8KEVQTKC 5QXGTGKIP 5[FPG[ I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 4 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT WPF MN &TWEMUVGNNG UGJT UEJÌP
5QXGTGKIP 5[FPG[ I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
518
517
$4#5+.+'0
/CTKC + 4GKU 4 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ I (D )QOGU / 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GFTQ ++ 4GKU 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
519
4GKU 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ I (GKPIQNF (D 4GKU 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ I (GKPIQNF (D
521
4'27$.+-
520
522
523
%*+.'
2GUQU 5Q 5CPVKCIQ I (GKPIQNF (D 2GUQU 5Q 5CPVKCIQ I (GKPIQNF (D 2GUQ 5Q 5CPVKCIQ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
71
ÜBERSEE • CHILE
525
524
526
2GUQU 5Q 5CPVKCIQ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GUQU %QPFQTGU 5Q 5CPVKCIQ I (GKPIQNF (D 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
2GUQU %QPFQTGU 5Q 5CPVKCIQ I (GKPIQNF (D \W - / 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
527
528
528
%*+0#
2TQXKP\ ;WP PCP ;WCP Q , )GPGTCN 6CPI %JK ;CQ I (GKPIQNF (D 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
8QNMUTGRWDNKM ;WCP 2CPFC I (GKPIQNF (D
5VGORGNINCP\
;WCP 2K¾HQTV &KEMCDUEJNCI KO FQRRGNVGP )GYKEJV 2CPFC I (GKPIQNF (D - / 4 /CZKOCN 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
;WCP 2CPFC I (GKPIQNF (D
529
530
531
5VGORGNINCP\
532
%156# 4+%#
4GRWDNKM UGKV 'UEWFQ ,$ 5CP ,QUG I (GKPIQNF /KV )GIGPUVGORGN CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG .ÌYG N KP 5EJTKHVMTGKU (D 5GJT UEJÌP
%QNQPGU %QNWODWU I (GKPIQNF (D
72
8QT\ÒINKEJ
ÜBERSEE • GABUN
534
535
533
)#$70
4GRWDNKM UGKV (TCPEU 'TUVG /QPFNCPFWPI %CRG -GPPGF[ I (GKPIQNF (D (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ CWU RQNKGTVGT 2NCVVG
(TCPEU 'TUVG /QPFNCPFWPI I (GKPIQNF (D
(TCPEU $GUWEJ FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP )GQTIGU 2QORKFQW I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
536
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
537
+0&+'0
8KEVQTKC /QJWT 99 %CNEWVVC I (GKPIQNF (D C 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
/QJWT 99 %CNEWVVC I (GKPIQNF (D C 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌP
8QT\ÒINKEJ
538
539
#9#&*
9CLKF #NK 5JCJ /QJWT #* I (D
$+-#0+4
)CPIC 5KPIJLK /QJWT 85 CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (D - / : / 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
73
ÜBERSEE • INDIEN
540
540
541
%*+64#&74)#
2CIQFC Q , WO I (D
5GJT UEJÌP
*;&'4#$#&
0K\CO /KT 7UOCP #NK -JCP #UJTCHK #* I (GKPIQNF (D ;GQ C (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
542
543
544
+4#0
#JOGF 6QOCP #* I (GKPIQNF (D D - /
8QT\ÒINKEJ
4K\C -JCP 2CJNGXK 2CJNGXK 5* I (GKPIQNF (D 2CJNGXK 5* I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
546
545
545
,#2#0
/WVUWJKVQ ;GP ,CJT /GKLK TC 1UCMC I (GKPIQNF (D ,C EQDU 8GTOGWNG / (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
;QUJKJKVQ ;GP 6CKUJQ I I (GKPIQNF (D ,CEQDU 8GTOGWNG . 8QT\ÒINKEJ
74
-#/$1&5%*#
5KUQYCVJ /QPKXQPI )QNFOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI $ÒUVG N 9CRRGP OO I -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
%1//109'#.6*
548
547
-¤0+)4'+%*
-#0#&#
)GQTIG 8 &QNNCTU 1VVCYC I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ
ÜBERSEE • KOLUMBIEN
549
550
-1.7/$+'0
%CTNQU +8 'UEWFQU 04 ,, 5CPVC (G FG $QIQVC I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
'UEWFQU 04 ,, 5CPVC (G FG $QIQVC I (GKPIQNF % % 6 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
551
552
553
553
4GRWDNKM -QNWODKGP 2GUQ $QIQVC I (GKPIQNF (D 2GUQ $QIQVC I (GKPIQNF (D 'UEWFQU $QIQVC I (GKPIQNF (D
554
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
556
555
2GUQ $QIQVC I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
8GTGKPKIVG 5VCCVGP XQP -QNWODKGP 2GUQU /GFGNNKP I (GKPIQNF (D 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
2GUQ /GFGNNKP I (GKPIQNF (D
558
5GJT UEJÌP
560
559
561
557
557
-7$#
4GRWDNKM UGKV 2GUQU I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ XQT\ÒINKEJ
4GRWDNKM 'UEWFQ /Q ,/ /GZKMQ %KV[ I (GKPIQNF (D )TQXG 8QT\ÒINKEJ
'UEWFQ /Q )% /GZKMQ %KV[ I (GKPIQNF (D )TQXG
4GRWDNKM 2GUQ / /Q /GZKEQ %KV[ I (GKPIQNF (D ,CJTICPI HGJNV )TQXG 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GUQ / /Q /GZKEQ %KV[ I (GKPIQNF (D ,CJTICPI HGJNV )TQXG
/':+-1 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
75
ÜBERSEE • PERU
563
562
562
2'47
4GRWDNKM UGKV 5QNGU I (GKPIQNF (D 5GJT UEJÌP 5QNGU .KOC I (GKPIQNF (D 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
564
5ª&#(4+-#
5ÒFCHTKMCPKUEJG 4GRWDNKM 2QWPF I (GKPIQNF 8CTKCPVG OKV FQRRGNVGT 9CIGPFGKEJUGN KO 9CRRGP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG (D 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
565
566
567
65%*#&
4GRWDNKM (TCPEU ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV 2T·UKFGPV 6QODCNDC[G I (GKP IQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV 2T·UKFGPV 6QODCNDC[G I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )GPGTCN FG )CWNNG I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
76
ÜBERSEE • TSCHAD
570
568
569
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )GPGTCN FG )CWNNG I (GKPIQNF (D (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ CWU RQNKGTVGT 2NCVVG
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )GPGTCN FG )CWNNG I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )GPGTCN .GENGTE I (GKPIQNF (D (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ CWU RQNKGTVGT 2NCVVG
573
572
571
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )GPGTCN .GENGTE I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )QWXGTPGWT 'DQWG I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
(TCPEU Q , ,CJTGUVCI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV -QOOCPFCPV .CO[ I (GKPIQNF (D 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
574
575
670'5+'0
7PVGT (TCPMTGKEJ 2KCUVGT (TCPEU #* # 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCPEU 2CTKU I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
77
ÜBERSEE • USA
576
577
8'4'+0+)6' 56##6'0 810 #/'4+-# 75#
(ÌFGTCVKQP &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
-N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
579
578
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
580
581
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
-N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
583
582
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D 4CPF DGCTDGKVGV DGTKGDGP HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
584
585
&QNNCTU 1 0GY 1TNGCPU .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D 44 #WHNCIG 5VÒEM $GTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
78
4 -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
ÜBERSEE • USA
586
587
588
589
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
590
591
592
593
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
79
ÜBERSEE • USA
594
595
596
597
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU %% %CTUQP %KV[ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 4 $GTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
598
599
600
601
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
80
ÜBERSEE • USA
602
603
604
605
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF (D
606
607
8QT\ÒINKEJ
608
609
&QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU & &GPXGT 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
81
ÜBERSEE • USA
610
611
612
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC 5VCVWG I (GKPIQNF /KV /QVVQ +0 )1& 9' 64756 (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
613
&QNNCTU 1 0GY 1TNGCPU .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
615
82
5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP $GTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
616
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
617
614
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
618
ÜBERSEE • USA
619
620
621
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 5 5CP (TCPEKUEQ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
623
624
625
622
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
626
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT 9KVJQWV OQVVQ I (GKPIQNF (D -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT I (GKPIQNF (D
627
628
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU & &GPXGT +PFKCPGT I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT I (GKPIQNF (D &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT I (GKPIQNF (D
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
629
630
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
83
ÜBERSEE • USA
631
632
633
634
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ %NCUUKE JGCF V[RG I (GKPIQNF (D -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU %% %CTUQP %KV[ .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
635
636
638
639
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT I (GKPIQNF (D
5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ %NCUUKE JGCF V[RG I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ &C\W &QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D .GKEJVG $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP Z UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
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&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
642 640
641
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
84
ÜBERSEE • VIETNAM
ex 644
ex 643
ex 645
ex 646
&QNNCTU 2JKNCFGNRJKC +PFKCPGT +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCT Z 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCT Z 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D
5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCT 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
652
647
&QNNCT 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ I (GKPIQNF (D
&QNNCT Z Z 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&QNNCT 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCT 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
&QNNCT Z 2JKNCFGNRJKC .KDGTV[ +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
-CNKHQTPKGP &QNNCT QMVQIQPCN .KDGTV[ %CNKHQTPKC )QNF I ;GQ 5
5GJT UEJÌP
)GYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
654
653 1:1,5
5ª&8+'60#/
8+'60#/
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4GRWDNKM UGKV 2GUQ I (GKPIQNF (D *QPFWTCU
0QTOCNGTYGKUG IGJÌTGP UQNEJGT $CTTGP \WUCOOGP \YGK 5VÒEM OKV LGYGKNU I WPF GKP 5VÒEM OKV I UQ FC FCU )GUCOVIGYKEJV 6CGN GPVURTKEJV
<'064#.#/'4+-#0+5%*' 4'27$.+- *10&74#5 5GJT UEJÌP
85
HABSBURG
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655
6+41. )4#(5%*#(6
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656
1,5:1
1,5:1
4¤/+5%* &'765%*'5 4'+%*
(GTFKPCPF + &WMCVGPMNKRRG 9KGP )GRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VCFV 9KGP FWTEJ FKG 6ÒTMGP I )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T \W FGP 5GKVGP + < FCTWPVGT 684- Û $.' )'46 Û 9+ Ù '0 Ù -TGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP 0KGFGTÌUVGTTGKEJ -CUVKNKGP 7PICTP WPF $ÌJOGP $TCWUG /CPUHGNF 6H /CTMN / \ # 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ &GT VÒTMKUEJG 5WNVCP 5WNGKOCP ++ \QI XQP 7PICTP CWU OKV GKPGO 5QNFCVGP UVCTMGP *GGT WPF -CPQPGP XQT FKG 6QTG 9KGPU WO FKG 5VCFV \W GTQDGTP 0CEJUEJWDRTQDNGOG WPF FKG XGJGOGPVG )GIGPYGJT FGT CWU 5QNFCVGP WPF $ÒTIGTP DGUVGJGPFGP 8GTVGKFKIGTUEJCT WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ XQP 0KEQNCWU XQP 5CNO DGYQIGP FGP 5WNVCP KPFGU PCEJ PWT 6CIGP CO 1MVQDGT UGKPG $GNCIGTWPI YKGFGT CWH\WJGDGP +P FGT 5VCFV MCO $GNCIGTWPIUIGNF KP -NKRRGPHQTO KP 8GTMGJT FCU CWU GKPIGUEJOQN\GPGP IQNFGPGP WPF UKNDGTPGP )GT·VUEJCHVGP IGHGTVKIV YQTFGP YCT
657
658
658
&WMCV 9KGP I (D /CTMN XCT
8QT\ÒINKEJ
'T\JGT\QI /CZKOKNKCP &WMCV Q , *CNN I (D / 6 XCT 44 9KP\ <CKPGPFG NGKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
86
HABSBURG
659
/CVVJKCU &WMCVGP 9KGP I #DUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU 6CNGTU r /#66*+#5 & Ù ) Ù 4 Ù + Ù 5 Ù #8) Ù ) Ù *80 Ù $1 Ù 4': )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QT DGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 5RKV\G /CVVJKCU (GNNPGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 9KGP Ú #4%*+& Ù #856 Ù &8: Û Û $84 Ù %1/ Ù 6;4 Ù <E Û Ú )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP \YKUEJGP FGP -ÌRHGP 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV OGJTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D / \ # 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV DGMCPPVGU 'ZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ /CVVJKCU 9KGP Ó 9KGP FT·PIVG PCEJ CNU UKEJ DGK UGKPGO $TWFGT FGO MKPFGTNQUGP -CKUGT 4WFQNH ++ FKG <GKEJGP GKPGT )GKUVGUMTCPMJGKV OGJTVGP WPF FGT OÌINKEJG 0CEJHQNIGT 'T\JGT\QI 'TPUV IGUVQTDGP YCT CWH FKG 4GIGNWPI FGT 5WM\GUUKQPUHTCIG YQFWTEJ GT UKEJ FKG (GKPFUEJCHV UGKPGU MTCPMGP $TWFGTU \W\QI YWTFG /CVVJKCU KP GKPGO )GJGKOXGTVTCI XQP FGP 'T\JGT\ÌIGP CNU (COKNKGPQDGTJCWRV CPGTMCPPV KO UGNDGP ,CJT YWTFG GT 5VCVVJCNVGT KP 7PICTP 'T HKGN \YGK ,CJTG UR·VGT KP $ÌJOGP GKP WO UGKPGP $TWFGT \WT #DFCPMWPI \W \YKPIGP +O 8GTVTCI XQP .KGDGP VTCV FGT -CKUGT UGKPGO $TWFGT FKG *GTTUEJCHV KP 7PICTP /·JTGP WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ CD 'TUV PCEJ FGO 6QF 4WFQNHU ++ YWTFG /CVVJKCU CO ,WPK \WO FGWVUEJGP -CKUGT IGY·JNV
661
660
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ 2QUVJWOG 2T·IWPI I (D *WU\CT /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
(GTFKPCPF ++ &WMCV -NCIGPHWTV I (D *GTKPGM 4 'VYCU IGYGNNV YKP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
662
&WMCVGP 2TCI /ÒP\OGKUVGT *CPU 5WVVPGT I ('4&+0#0&85 ++ Û &) 4 Û +/ Û 5 Û # Û ) Û * Û $1 Û 4': &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -ÌPKI UVGJV JCNDT OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU <GRVGT UEJWN VGTPF KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP FGT IGMTÌPVG DÌJOKUEJG WPF FGT IGMTÌPVG WPICTKUEJG 9CRRGPUEJKNF #4%*+& Ú #856 Û &8: $84) Û /#4 Û /1 Û )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV IGMTÌPVGO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DWTIWPFKUEJGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF CWH FGT $TWUV WPVGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP )TGKH N
*CPU 5WVVPGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 2TCI &KGVKMGT (D FQTV WPVGT $ÌJOGP *CNCEMC 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ (GTFKPCPF ++ KP )TC\ Ó KP 9KGP 5QJP FGU 'T\JGT\QIU -CTN XQP -·TPVGP WPF 5VGKGTOCTM WPF /CTKCU XQP $C[GTP YWTFG XQP ,GUWKVGP GT\QIGP 0CEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 8CVGTU TQVVGVG GT KP UGKPGP 'TDNCPFGP -·TPVGP 5VGKGTOCTM WPF -TCKP FGP 2TQVGUVCPVKUOWU CWU WPF ICD OKV FGO INGKEJGP 8GTUWEJ KP $ÌJOGP PCEJ UGKPGT 9CJN \WO -ÌPKI FGP #PNC \WO DÌJOKUEJGP #WHUVCPF +P FGUUGP 8GTNCWH UGV\VG KJP FGT .CPFVCI CO ,WNK CNU -ÌPKI YKGFGT CD 0CEJ FGO 6QF XQP -CKUGT /CVVJKCU CO /·T\ YWTFG (GTFKPCPF \WO FGWVUEJGP -CKUGT IGY·JNV 0CEJ FGT 5EJNCEJV CO YGKGP $GTI VTCV GT FKG *GTTUEJCHV KP $ÌJOGP YKGFGT CP WPF DGICPP KO .CPF UQHQTV TKIQTQU FKG )GIGPTGHQTOCVKQP +O L·JTKIGP -TKGI DGFGWVGVG FCU 4GUVKVWVKQPUGFKMV XQP FGP *ÌJGRWPMV UGKPGT /CEJV KP &GWVUEJNCPF FGT 2TCIGT (TKGFGP XQP YCT FGT $GYGKU HÒT FCU 5EJGKVGTP UGKPGT 2QNKVKM -WT\ XQT UGKPGO 6QF GTTGKEJVG GT FKG 9CJN UGKPGU 5QJPGU (GTFKPCPF +++ \WO TÌOKUEJGP -ÌPKI
87
HABSBURG
663
&WMCVGP 9KGP I &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -CKUGT UVGJV JCNDT OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU <GRVGT UEJWNVGTPF KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 5RKV\G /CVVJKCU (GNNPGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 9KGP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP \YKUEJGP FGP -ÌRHGP 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV OGJTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D *GTKPGM 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
664
&WMCVGP 9KGP I ('4&+0#0&85 Û ++ Ú Ú & Ú ) Û 41 Û + Ú 5 Ú # Ú ) Û * Û $ Û 4': Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFG PGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 5RKV\G /CVVJKCU (GNNPGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 9KGP Û #4%*+& Ú #85 Û &8: Û Û $84 Ú %1 Û 6;4 Ú % Ü Ú )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP \YKUEJGP FGP -ÌRHGP 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV OGJTHGNFKIGU 9CR RGP WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D *GTKPGM 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
665
&WMCVGP $TGUNCW I /ÒP\OGKUVGT ,QJCPP <KGUNGT 9CTFGKP *CPU 4KGFGN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG WPF 5EJWNVGTCITCHHG WPVGT FGO $TWUVDKNF 4CPMG )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV FGT XKGTHGNFKIG 5EJKNF 7PICTP $ÌJOGP OKV IGVGKNVGO /KVVGNUEJKNF ¤UVGTTGKEJ $WTIWPF WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU (D ( W 5 / \ # 5NI .ÌHHNGT 5NI 5VTKGDQNN 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFRCVKPC
666
667
&WMCV )TC\ I (D *GTKPGM
&WMCVGP 9KGP I &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -CKUGT UVGJV JCNDT FKG 4GEJVG KP FKG *ÒHVG IGUVGNNV KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQP 1TFGPUMGVVG WOIGDGP WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D *GTKPGM 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP HGKPGT 'TJCNVWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
88
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
HABSBURG
668
(GTFKPCPF +++ &WMCVGP 9KGP I ƒ ('4&+0#0&85 Ú +++ Ú & Ú ) Û 4 Û + 5 Ú # Ú ) Û * Û $ Û 4':Ù $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 8QIGN , ,GUUKPUM[ /ÒP\ OGKUVGT KP 9KGP Ú #4%*+& Ú #85 Ú &8: Û $84 Ú %1 Ü 6;4 Ú % Ú )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP \YKUEJGP FGP -ÌRHGP 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV HGNFKIGU 9CRRGP XQP 1TFGPUMGVVG WOIGDGP WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D *GTKPGM 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP (GTFKPCPF +++ 5QJP (GTFKPCPFU ++ WPF #PPC /CTKCU XQP $C[GTP KP )TC\ Ó KP 9KGP YWTFG UEJQP \WO -ÌPKI XQP 7PICTP WPF \WO -ÌPKI XQP $ÌJOGP IGMTÌPV 5GKV FGT 'TOQTFWPI 9CNNGPUVGKPU HÒJTVG GT FCU 1DGTMQOOCPFQ ÒDGT FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP *GGTG 0CEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 8CVGTU HQNIVG GT KJO CNU -CKUGT 8QP FC CP CTDGKVGVG GT CWH FGP (TKGFGPUMQPITG JKP FGT KP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM GTÌHHPGV YWTFG WPF \WO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP HÒJTVG #WH FGO 4GIGPUDWTIGT 4GKEJUVCI XQP GTTGKEJVG GT FKG -ÌPKIUYCJN UGKPGU 5QJPGU (GTFKPCPF FGT LGFQEJ XQT KJO UVCTD 0CEJ FGO (TKGFGPUUEJNW DGOÒJVG GT UKEJ DGUQPFGTU WO FGP 9KGFGTCWHDCW KP $ÌJOGP WPF UV·TMVG FCU FGWVUEJG 'NGOGPV KP FGT $GXÌNMGTWPI KPFGO GT -QNQPKUVGP CWU FGO MCVJQ NKUEJGP 5ÒFGP &GWVUEJNCPFU KPU .CPF \QI +PUDGUQPFGTG YWTFG FGT #FGN YGKVIGJGPF GTPGWGTV FKGU UGV\VG UKEJ WPVGT UGKPGO 0CEJHQNIGT .GQRQNF + HQTV
670
669
&WMCVGP /+ $TGUNCW I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QR RGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV IGMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU (D ( W 5 (GNFGT NGKEJV ÒDGTCTDGKVGV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCVGP -$ -TGOPKV\ I &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -CKUGT OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN UVGJV JCNDT OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU <GRVGT UEJWNVGTPF KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP FCU /ÒP\UV·VVGP\GKEJGP - $ /CFQPPC OKV FGO -KPF CWH FGO #TO WPF <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP CWH /QPFUKEJGN WOJGT 5VTCJNGPMTCP\ (D *GTKPGM C NGKEJV XCT 5GNVGPG 8CTKCPVG 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
671 1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV $TÒPP I ('4&+0#0 Ù +++ &) XGTDWPFGP Ù 4 Ù + Ù 5 Ù # Ù ) Ù * Ù $ Ù 4 Ù º )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP -TGKU CWH &TGKGEM , % 4KEJVJCWUGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP $TÒPP #4%*+& Ù # Ù &8: $84 Ù % Ù 6;4 Ù % Ù )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV FCU 9CRRGP FGU )GUCOVJCWUGU WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU QDGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN WPVGP FGT MNGKPG O·JTKUEJG #FNGT UEJKNF (D *GTKPGM / \ # 5 FQTV FCU 'ZGORNCT FGU /ÒP\MCDKPGVVU 9KGP CWHIGHÒJTV 5DQTPKM 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV WPF DGUQPFGTGT $GFGWVWPI HÒT FKG /ÒP\IGUEJKEJVG /·JTGPU 9CJTUEJGKPNKEJ FCU DGMCPPVG 'ZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI 89
HABSBURG
672
673
&WMCV 9KGP I &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -CKUGT UVGJV JCNDT OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU <GRVGT UEJWNVGTPF KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D *GTKPGM \W FQTV QJPG FKG IGMTÌPVGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFG PGDGP FGO -CKUGT 4 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
674
&WMCVGP 9KGP I )GRT·IV OKV FGP 5VGORGNP FGU 6CNGTU r ('4&+0#0&85 Û +++ Û & Ù ) Ú 41/ +/ Ù 5' Ù #8 Ù )' Ù *8 Ù $1 Ù 4': Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP &TGKGEM KP -TGKU , % 4KEJVJCWUGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 9KGP Ú #4% Ù &8: Û #856 Ù & Ù Û $84 Ù 5 Ù - Ù % Ù % Ù 6;41 Ù )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN \YKUEJGP FGP -ÌRHGP CWH FGT $TWUV FCU 9CRRGP FGU )GUCOVJCWUGU WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV MNGKPGT IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF QDGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG UEJT·I IGUEJTKGDGPG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN Û Û Û Û Û (D *GTKPGM C 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI
675
.GQRQNF + &WMCVGP 9KGP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV FGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF FGU )GUCOVJCWUGU WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP XGTUEJNWPIGPGU /QPQITCOO #% #PFTGC %GVVQ /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 9KGP %0# 8 (D *GTKPGM / \ # 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT .GQRQNF \YGKVGT 5QJP XQP -CKUGT (GTFKPCPF +++ WPF /CTKC #PPC XQP 5RCPKGP KP 9KGP Ó YCT \W P·EJUV HÒT FGP IGKUVNKEJGP 5VCPF DGUVKOOV YWTFG FCPP CDGT \WO -ÌPKI XQP $ÌJOGP WPF \WO FGWVUEJGP -CKUGT IGMTÌPV +P UGKPGT NCPIGP 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XGTHQNIVG UGKPG 2QNKVKM \YGK <KGNG 5RCPKGP FGP FGWVUEJGP *CDUDWT IGTP \W IGYKPPGP WPF CWEJ 7PICTP \W TGMCVJQNKUKGTGP &CU GTUVG XGTYKEMGNVG KJP KP NCPIYKGTKIG -TKGIG OKV (TCPM TGKEJ &GT 8GTUWEJ 7PICTP \W TGMCVJQNKUKGTGP TKGH YKGFGTJQNV #WHUV·PFG JGTXQT FKG 7PICTP UWEJVGP *KNHG DGK FGP 6ÒTMGP 5Q MCOGP FKG $ÒPFPKUUG .WFYKIU :+8 OKV FGP 6ÒTMGP IGIGP FCU 4GKEJ \WUVCPFG YCU FKG 6ÒTMGPMTKGIG \WT (QNIG JCVVG <YCT GTHQEJVGP .GQRQNFU DGFGWVGPFG (GNFJGTTGP W C 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP .WFYKI 9KNJGNO XQP $CFGP FGT 6ÒTMGPNQWKU KOOGT YKGFGT IN·P\GPFG 5KGIG FQEJ \GTTÒVVGVG FKGUG 2QNKVKM 9KTVUEJCHV WPF (KPCP \GP +P &GWVUEJNCPF NGIVG .GQRQNF + FCOKV FGP -GKO HÒT FGP YGKVGTGP <GTHCNN FGU 4GKEJGU KP FGO FKG ITÌGTGP 6GTTKVQTKCNUVCCVGP KPUDGUQPFGTG $TCPFGPDWTI 2TGWGP KOOGT UV·TMGT YWTFGP 5Q NGIVG FGT -CKUGT UGNDUV FGP )TWPF UVGKP HÒT FGP UR·VGTGP &WCNKUOWU FGT ¤UVGTTGKEJ KO ,CJTJWPFGTV FGO GPIGTGP FGWVUEJGP 4CWO GPVHTGOFGP UQNNVG
90
HABSBURG
676
&WMCVGP -$ -TGOPKV\ I )GRT·IV OKV FGP 5VGORGNP FGU *CNDVCNGTU .'121.& Ú & Ù ) Ú 4 Ú + Ú 5 Ú #8 Ü )' *8 Ü $ Û 4': Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ *CNUVWEJ WOIG NGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU CO #TOCDUEJPKVV + Ü #4%*+& Û #8 Û &8 Û $8 Û /#4 Û /14 Û %1 Û 6;4 Û )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV IGMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP - $ (D *GTKPGM 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
678
677
679
680
&WMCV ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM
5GJT UEJÌP
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM
8QT\ÒINKEJ
,QUGH + &WMCV 9KGP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 1TFGPU MGVVG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV IGMTÌPVGT \YGKHGNFKIGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D *GTKPGM 44 5GJT UEJÌP
681
682
683
&WMCV )' 2TCI /ÒP\OGKUVGT )TGIQT 'IGTGT I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF &KGVKMGT (D *CNCEMC 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
-CTN 8+ &WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM
)GYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
8QT\ÒINKEJ
91
HABSBURG
685
684
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (D *GTKPGM &WMCV 9KGP I (D *GTKPGM
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
686
/CTKC 6JGTGUKC &WMCVGP 9KGP I / Û 6*'4'5+# Û & Ù ) Û 4 Û +/2 Ü )' Û *7 Û $1 Û 4') Û $TWUVDKNF T OKV &KCFGO WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #4%*+& Û #756 Û &7: Û $74) Û %1/ Û 6;4 Û Û )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV IGMTÌPVGO XKGTHGNFKIGP 9CRRGP OKV IGMTÌP VGO /KVVGNUEJKNF CWH FGT $TWUV WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV FGT 9GTV\CJN 8+ '[RGNVCWGT C (D 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT /CTKC 6JGTGUKC 9KGP Ó 9KGP UGKV OKV (TCP\ 5VGRJCP XQP .QVJTKPIGP XGTJGKTCVGV OWVG QJPG GKIGPVNKEJG 8QTDGTGKVWPI CWH KJT #OV PCEJ FGO 6QF KJTGU 8CVGTU -CTN 8+ FGP -CORH WO KJT 'TDG CPVTGVGP +JTG )GIPGT KO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI YCTGP -CTN #NDTGEJV XQP $C[GTP WPF UGKPG 8GTDÒPFGVGP XQT CNNGO (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5RCPKGP FKG PKEJV FKG 2TCIOCVKUEJG 5CPMVKQP XQP CPGTMCPPVGP KP FGT FKG YGKDNKEJG 'TDHQNIG FGU *CWUGU *CDUDWTI IGTGIGNV YQTFGP YCT 0CEJ FGO 'PFG FKGUGU -TKGIGU XGTUWEJVG FKG -CKUGTKP KO 5KGDGPL·JTKIGP -TKGI IGIGP (TKGFTKEJ ++ XQP 2TGWGP GTHQNINQU 5EJNGUKGP \WTÒEM\WIG YKPPGP +O +PPGTP HÒJTVG /CTKC 6JGTGUKC VKGHITGKHGPFG 4GHQTOGP FGT 8GTYCNVWPI WPF FGU 5EJWNYGUGPU FWTEJ WPF TGFW\KGTVG FGP 'KPHNW FGT -KTEJG GTJGDNKEJ &KG EJCTKUOCVKUEJG 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKV CNU (TCW WPF /WVVGT XQP -KPFGTP KJTG (·JKIMGKV KO 7OICPI OKV /KVCTDGKVGTP WPF KJTG 7OUKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVUHÒJTWPI OCEJVGP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC \W GKPGT FGT DGNKGDVGUVGP WPF DGFGWVGPFUVGP *GTTUEJGTHKIWTGP FGU #DUQNWVKUOWU
687
1,5:1
&WMCV -CTNUDWTI I '[RGNVCWGT C (D
687
4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
688
(TCP\ + 5QWXGTCKP F QT #PVYGTRGP I (4#0% Û & Û ) Û 4 Û + Û 5 Û # Û )' Û +'4 Û 4 Û .1 Û $ Û / Û * Û & Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ ,0 6' &1/+0' Û 52'4#8+ Û Û *CPF )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV OGJTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WOIGDGP XQP FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU &GNO '[RGNVCWGT (D 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (TCP\ + 5VGRJCP 0CPE[ Ó +PPUDTWEM 5QJP *GT\QI .GQRQNFU XQP .QVJTKPIGP WPF 'NKUC DGVJ %JCTNQVVGU XQP 1TN¾CPU MCO CP FGP 9KGPGT *QH WPF YWTFG FQTV GT\QIGP YWTFG GT *GT\QI XQP .QVJTKPIGP *GT\QI XQP $CT WPF 5VCVVJCNVGT KP 7PICTP 0CEJ UGKPGT 8GTO·JNWPI OKV /CTKC 6JGTGUKC XGT\KEJVGVG GT \WIWPUVGP XQP 5VCPKUNCWU .GUE\[PUMK CWH .QVJTKPIGP WPF YWTFG FCHÒT )TQJGT\QI XQP 6QUMCPC #O 1MVQDGT \WO FGWVUEJGP -CKUGT IGMTÌPV YWTFG (TCP\ + XQP FGT 2QNKVKM HGTPIGJCNVGP WPF YKFOGVG UKEJ UGKPGP PCVWTYKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP WPF UCOONGTKUEJGP +PVGTGUUGP DGICPP GT GTHQNITGKEJ FKG 5CPKG TWPI FGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 5VCCVUHKPCP\GP FKG LGFQEJ FWTEJ UGKPGP RNÌV\NKEJGP 6QF WPVGTDTQEJGP YWTFG
92
HABSBURG
689
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV *# *CNN I $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 1TFGPUMGVVG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV IGMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WPVGP \W FGP 5GKVGP * # (D / 6 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ &GT &QRRGNCFNGT FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPFCTUVGNNWPI FKGUGU UGNVGPGP &WMCVGP VT·IV CNU /KVVGNUEJKNF FCU IGVGKNVG 9CRRGP .QVJ TKPIGP 6QUMCPC FCU (COKNKGPYCRRGP FGU -CKUGTU #WEJ \GKIV FKG 4ÒEMUGKVG FGP 9CJNURTWEJ 67 &1/+0' 52'5 /'# &W *GTT DKUV OGKPG *QHHPWPI #WH ITÌGTGP 0QOKPCNGP )QNF QFGT 5KNDGT KUV FGT 5RTWEJ GVYCU CDIG ·PFGTV +0 6' &1/+0' 52'4#8+ #WH &KEJ *GTT JCDG KEJ IGJQHHV
690 1,5:1
1,5:1
,QUGH ++ &WMCV 9KGP I -ÌPKIUFWMCV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ 1TFGPUMGVVG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP XQP \YGK )TGKHGP IGJCNVGP (D *GTKPGM 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
692
691
691
&WMCV ) 0CI[D±P[C I (D ,
4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5QXTCPQ / /CKNCPF I (D C , 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\
693
&WMCV ( *CNN I (D , .GQRQNF ++ &WMCV -TGOPKV\ I (D ,
695
694
.GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
696
(TCP\ ++ 5QWXGTCKP F QT $ -TGOPKV\ I (D , 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\
5QXTCPQ / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D C , C 5EJN
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
93
HABSBURG • ÖSTERREICH
698
697
699
700
701
-#+5'44'+%* ¤56'44'+%*
(TCP\ + &WMCV # 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV #WUYWTHOÒP\G HÒT FKG WPICTKUEJG -TÌPWPI FGU -TQPRTKP\GP (GTFKPCPF CO 5GRVGODGT KP 2TGDWTI I &KG -ÌRHG XQP (TCP\ + WPF UGKPGO 5QJP (GTFKPCPF PGDGPGKPCPFGT T -TQPG KP 5VTCJNGPMTCP\ FCTWPVGT FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV (D 5NI *QTUM[ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV $ -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN &WMCV ' -CTNUDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5QXTCPQ / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D G , 5EJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
703
702
704
(GTFKPCPF + -NGKPG )QNFOGFCKNNG \W GKPGO &WMCVGP CWH UGKPG DÌJOKUEJG -TÌPWPI KP 2TCI -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ -TQPG ÒDGT XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI KP 5KGDGPDÒTIGP -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &CU IGMTÌPVG UKGDGPDÒTIK UEJG 9CRRGP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 4GUEJ 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV # 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
5QXTCPQ / /CKNCPF I (GKPIQNF (D I , 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
5QXTCPQ 8 8GPGFKI I (GKPIQNF (D FQTV WPVGT +VCNKGP , 5EJN 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
706
705
&WMCVGP # 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN &WMCV -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
707
94
705
708
HABSBURG • ÖSTERREICH
709
710
&WMCV -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
4GXQNWVKQP KP 7PICTP &WMCV -TGOPKV\ /KV OCI[CTKUEJGT 7OUEJTKHV I (GKP IQNF (D , 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
712
711
8QT\ÒINKEJ
713
714
(TCP\ ,QUGH + &WMCV ' -CTNUDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
8GTGKPUMTQPG # 9KGP I (GKPIQNF &KXQ 5 (D , 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV $ -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN &WMCV ' -CTNUDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
715
4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
716
8GTGKPUMTQPG # 9KGP I (GKPIQNF &KXQ 5 (D , 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV # 9KGP CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI \WO -ÌPKI XQP 7PICTP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5NI *QTUM[ 5VGORGNINCP\
717
718
719
718
&WMCV ' -CTNUDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D , C 5EJN 4 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &WMCVGP # 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , C 5EJN 4 5GJT UEJÌP (TCPMGP (QTKPV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ (TCPMGP (QTKPV -$ -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
95
HABSBURG • ÖSTERREICH
721
&WMCVGP 9KGP CWH FCU (GUVUEJKGGP FGU 9KGPGT 5EJÒV\GPXGTGKPU \WO L·JTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIULW DKN·WO FGU -CKUGTU I $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ \YKUEJGP 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI KO ·WGTGP -TGKU FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP $ÌJOGP )CNK\KGP 0KGFGTÌUVGTTGKEJ 5CN\DWTI -·TPVGP 5VGKGTOCTM 6KTQN /·JTGP 5EJNGUKGP 5KGDGPDÒTIGP +NNKTKGP /CKNCPF 8GPGFKI WPF 7PICTP ('56 (4'+ 5%*+'55'0 81/ 9+'0'4 5%*ª6<'0 8'4'+0 )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV FGO 9KGPGT 5VCFVYCRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV -CTVWUEJG OKV FGT 9GTVCPICDG &% (D , 5EJN 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
722
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV -$ -TGOPKV\ I ('4'0%< ,¡<5'( + Û - Û # Û %5 Û 5 Û / Û * Û 5 Û & Û 1 Û #2 Û -+4 Û -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTWPVGT FCU /ÒP\UV·VVGP\GKEJGP - Û $ Û -ÌTOÌE\ $±P[C -TGO PKV\ /#);#4 -+4 .;5 ) /KV FGT 5VGRJCPUMTQPG DGNGIVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP -TQCVKGP &CN OCVKGP 5NQYGPKGP WPF 5KGDGPDÒTIGP OKV FGO /KVVGNUEJKNF XQP 7PICTP WPVGP KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV FKG ,CJ TGU\CJN \YKUEJGP \YGK UGEJUUVTCJNKIGP 5VGTPGP (D , 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
723
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # 5EJCTHH WPF # $WUUQP 5EJÒV\GPRTGKU FGU \YGKVGP ÌUVGTTGKEJK UEJGP $WPFGUUEJKGUUGPU KP +PPUDTWEM 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP OO I 5NI /QTQUKPK 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
)WNFGP (TCPMGP 9KGP +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D Z , Z 5EJN 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
726
725
96
&WMCVGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN -TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
725
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
HABSBURG • ÖSTERREICH
727
728
728
-TQPGP -$ -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &WMCVGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
729
730
731
732
733
-TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
&WMCV # 9KGP CWH FCU L·JTKIG 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV # 9KGP CWH FCU L·JTKIG 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV # 9KGP CWH FCU L·JTKIG 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
-TQPGP -$ -TGOPKV\ I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
734
737
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
8QT\ÒINKEJ
736
737
-TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
-TQPGP 9KGP +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF DGUUGT
-TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
-TQPGP -$ -TGOPKV\ CWH FCU L·JTKIG -TÌPWPIULWDKN·WO CNU -ÌPKI XQP 7PICTP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ 97
HABSBURG • ÖSTERREICH
739
738
&WMCVGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
-TQPGP 9KGP CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
740
741
741
-TQPGP 9KGP /CTUEJCNNV[R I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 4 2T·IGDGFKPIVG 4CPFWPGDGPJGKV XQT\ÒINKEJ
-TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
742
743
-TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4GRWDNKM -TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4'27$.+- ¤56'44'+%*
744
745
745
-TQPGP 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5EJKNNKPI 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
98
HABSBURG • GEISTLICHKEIT
747
746
747
5EJKNNKPI 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV .GKEJV DGTKGDGP XQT\ÒINKEJ
5EJKNNKPI 9KGP I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ
748
749
5EJKNNKPI 9KGP 5V .GQRQNF I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
5EJKNNKPI 9KGP 5V .GQRQNF I (GKPIQNF (D , 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ
750
&+' )'+56.+%*-'+6 +0 &'0 *#$5$74)+5%*'0 '4$.#0&'0 1./ª6< $+567/
-CTN ++ XQP .KGEJVGPUVGKP &WMCVGP ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV I $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV /KV /KVTC WPF (ÒTUVGPJWV DGNGIVGU 9CRRGP FCJKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V (D 5WEJQOGN 8KFGOCP XIN FQTV &WMCVGP 44 -N -TCV\GT WPF \YGKHCEJ GKPIGTKV\VG 9GTV\CJN CWH FGT 2QTVT·VUGKVG UGJT UEJÌP
751
753
752
9QNHICPI XQP 5EJTCVVGPDCEJ &WMCV Q , I (D 5WEJQOGN 8KFGOCP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV Q , I (D 5WEJQOGN 8KFGOCP
8QT\ÒINKEJ
/CVVJ·WU .CPI XQP 9GNNGPDWTI &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V 4 5GJT UEJÌP
5#.<$74) '4<$+567/
/CVVJ·WU .CPI XQP 9GNNGPDWTI CNU 5QJP GKPGT #WIUDWTIGT $ÒTIGTHCOKNKG MCO CNU 5GMTGV·T WPF &KRNQOCV -CKUGT /CZKOKNKCPU + DCNF \W JQJGP 9ÒTFGP 5GKPG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU *CWU *CDUDWTI YWTFGP OKV TGKEJGP 2HTÒPFGP DGNQJPV &QORTQRUVGK KP #WIUDWTI #DVGK 8KMVTKPI FCU $KUVWO )WTM KP -·TPVGP WUY &CU 5CN\DWTIGT &QOMCRKVGN FCPMVG KJO HÒT FKG 8GTOKVVNWPI DGK FGT $GHTGKWPI XQP FGP WPDGSWGOGP 1TFGPUIGNÒDFGP \WIWPUVGP FGU GKPHCEJGP -NGTKMGTUVCPFGU KPFGO GU KJP IGIGP FGP 9KNNGP .GQPJCTFU XQP -GWVUEJCEJ \WO -QCFLWVQT OKV FGO 4GEJV FGT 0CEJHQNIG Y·JNVG #NU 5QJP FGT KP XQNNGT YKTVUEJCHVNKEJGT $NÒVG UVGJGPFGP 4GKEJUUVCFV #WIUDWTI HÒJNVG GT UKEJ CNU *WOCPKUV WPF )TCPFUGKIPGWT DKU FGT $CWGTPMTKGI XQP KJP \W GKPUEJPGKFGPFGT PFGTWPI UGKPGT .GDGPUYGKUG \YCPI +P FGT *QJGPUCN\DWTI XQP FGP #WHUV·PFKUEJGP DGNCIGTV WPF GTUV XQO 5EJY·DKUEJGP $WPF DGHTGKV OWVG GT DKU \W UGKPGO .GDGPUGPFG FKG GTNKVVGPGP 5EJ·FGP WPF 8GTNWUVG FWTEJ ·WGTUVG 5RCTUCOMGKV YKGFGT GKPDTKPIGP YQDGK GT CWEJ UGKPG GKIGPG 2GTUQP FCXQP PKEJV CWUPCJO /CVVJ·WU UVCTD KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP
99
HABSBURG • GEISTLICHKEIT
754
755
'TPUV XQP $C[GTP &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
,QJCPP ,CMQD -JWGP XQP $GNCUK &WMCVGP OKV 6KVGN 4WFQNHU ++ I (D 2TQDU\V 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
757
756
9QNH &KGVTKEJ XQP 4CKVGPCW &WMCVGP I (D 2TQDU\V -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCVGP I (D 2TQDU\V
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
759
758
759
2CTKU XQP .QFTQP &WMCVGP CWH FKG &QOYGKJG I 5V 4WFDGTVWU WPF 5V 8KTIKNKWU UKV\GP X X OKV -TWOOUV·DGP WPF JCNVGP GKP &QOOQFGNN WPVGP .GICVGPJWV ÒDGT 9CRRGP 8QP CEJV $KUEJÌHGP IGVTCIGPGT 4GNKSWKGPUEJTGKP WPVGP \YGK 'PIGN OKV 4CWEJHC (D 2TQDU\V C 44 -N -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
761
760
762
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
8QT\ÒINKEJ
)WKFQDCNF XQP 6JWP WPF *QJGPUVGKP &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
8QT\ÒINKEJ
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
763
765
764
765
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
/CZ )CPFQNRJ XQP -ÒGPDWTI &WMCVGP I 5GEJUHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WPVGT .GICVGPJWV &KG DGKFGP 5VKHVUJGKNKIGP 5V 4WFDGTVWU WPF 5V 8KTIKNKWU UKV\GP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X OKV -TWOOUV·DGP FKG -ÌRHG GKPCPFGT \WIGYCPFV FCXQT -KTEJGPOQFGNN (D 2TQDU\V 44 9KP\ *GPMGNURWT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
100
HABSBURG • GEISTLICHKEIT
766
768
767
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV I (D FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ CNU &WMCV DG\GKEJPGV 2TQDU\V (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
770
771
769
,QJCPP 'TPUV XQP 6JWP WPF *QJGPUVGKP &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V 4 /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
772
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
773
774
775
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
&WMCV I 8CTKCPVG OKV FGO *CWRV FGU 5V 4WFDGTVWU KP 5VTCJNGPMTCP\ (D 2TQDU\V 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCP\ #PVQP XQP *CTTCEJ &WMCV I 8CTKCPVG QJPG FGP 0COGP FGU 'T\DKUEJQHU CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG (D 2TQDU\V 0CEJVTCI 5 XIN DKU 44 5GJT UEJÌP
776
/KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
778
777
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
&WMCV I /KV 7 KP 47&$'4675 CDGT OKV WPIGVGKNVGT ,CJTGU\CJN (D 2TQDU\V #PO XCT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
779
8QT\ÒINKEJ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
780
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.GQRQNF #PVQP 'NGWVJGTKWU XQP (KTOKCP &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
101
HABSBURG â&#x20AC;¢ GEISTLICHKEIT
781
782
782 1,5:1
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
&WMCV I /GJTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP FCTÃ&#x2019;DGT -TGW\ FCJKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IG MTGW\V QDGP .GICVGPJWV WPVGP FKG 9GTV\CJN KP 1XCN 5V 4WFDGTVWU OKV /KVTC 5CN\IGH· WPF -TWOOUVCD UKV\V X X (D 2TQDU\V 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\
783
8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
785
784
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
(CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
#PFTGCU ,CMQD XQP &KGVTKEJUVGKP &WMCV I $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 8GT\KGTVGU FTGKHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP FCTÃ&#x2019;DGT -TGW\ FCJKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V QDGP .G ICVGPJWV (D 2TQDU\V 4 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
4 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
786
787
787
1,5:1
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
&WMCV I $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &TGKHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP FCTÃ&#x2019;DGT -TGW\ FC JKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V QDGP .GICVGPJWV WPVGP FKG 9GTV\CJN KP 1XCN (D 2TQDU\V 44 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
44 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
788 789
790
5KIKUOWPF +++ XQP 5EJTCVVGPDCEJ &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
791
8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
792
5GFKUXCMCP\ &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V <GRGTPKEM 4 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
*KGTQP[OWU XQP %QNNQTGFQ &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
102
8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
HABSBURG • GEISTLICHKEIT
793
794
796
795
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V 4 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &WMCV CWH FCU L·JTKIG 5VKHVULWDKN·WO I (D 2TQDU\V 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V -N &TWEMUVGNNGP XQT\ÒINKEJ
797
798
800
799
&WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TCP\ ++ + &WMCV & 5CN\DWTI I (D , 2TQDU\V 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ &WMCV & 5CN\DWTI I (D , 2TQDU\V 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
5#.<$74) -74(ª456'067/
(GTFKPCPF &WMCV I (D 2TQDU\V
5#.<$74) *'4<1)67/
802
801
801
56 &6' +0 &'0 *#$5$74)+5%*'0 '4$.#0&'0 -4'/0+6<
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , ,CJTJWPFGTV WPUKIPKGTV )QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU 5V )GQTIUVCNGTU 5V )GQTI TGKVGV T WPF VÌVGV FGP &TCEJGP OKV FGT .CP\G KO *KPVGTITWPF T MPKGPFG ,WPIHTCW 9KPFIQVV DN·UV N CWH 5EJKHH FCTKP %JTKUVWU WPF \YGK #RQUVGN OO I *WU\CT
FQTV CNU 6CNGT -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , PCEJ XQP - .CPIG 5CNXCVQTOGFCKNNG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9KGP OKV FGO 5VGRJCPUFQO FCTÒDGT IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT FCTWPVGT FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG $TWUVDKNF %JTKUVK N OKV *GKNKIGPUEJGKP OO I (QTTGT 5 5NI *QTUM[ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
9+'0 103
DEUTSCHLAND • ANHALT
&'765%*' )1.&/ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0
803
#0*#.6 #0*#.6 $'40$74) (ª456'067/ 5'+6 *'4<1)67/
&WMCV 5VQNDGTI I /KV (ÒTUVGPJWV DGFGEMVGU OGJTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WPVGP DQIKI FKG ,CJTGU \CJN WPF FKG /ÒP\OGKUVGTDWEJUVCDGP ++) ,QJCPP ,GTGOKCU )TÒPFNGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 5VQNDGTI #WH GKPGT /CWGT OKV IGUEJNQUUGPGO 6QT UEJTGKVGV FGT IGMTÌPVG $·T PCEJ N (D /CPP (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
804
804 1,5:1
8KEVQT (TKGFTKEJ &WMCVGP $GTPDWTI )QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU 6C NGTU CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU 'TDRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ #NDTGEJV I 8 (4+& & ) 2 # &8: 5 # 9 % #5% & $ 5 -QRH T (4 Û #.$4 Û 2 Û # Û 4 Û 0#6 Û Û #7) Û Û 64#& Û Û #7) Û d 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV b 8+ b '+0'0 6*#.'4 Û $ Û (D FKGUGU 'ZGO RNCT GTY·JPV /CPP 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5EJYGK\GTKUEJGT $CPMXGTGKP $CUGN 0T
805
805 1,5:1
#NGZKWU (TKGFTKEJ %JTKUVKCP &WMCV #WUDGWVG FGT CPJCNVKUEJGP )TWDGP I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
806
806 1,5:1
56#&6 104
#7)5$74)
)QNFIWNFGP OKV 6KVGN /CZKOKNKCPU ++ I 5VCFVR[T KP XGT\KGTVGO JGT\HÌTOKIGP 5EJKNF )G MTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG $ÒUVG /CZKOKNKCPU ++ T (QTUVGT (D 44 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • BADEN
808 809
807
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN ,QUGHU ++ I (QTUVGT (D
8QT\ÒINKEJ
$GK FKGUGT /ÒP\G JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO FGP NGV\VGP &WMCVGP FGT 4GKEJUUVCFV
$#&'0 /#4-)4#(5%*#(6
$#&'0
%JTKUVQRJ + Ó )QNFIWNFGP $CFGP $CFGP I 5V 2GVTWU OKV 5EJNÒUUGN WPF $WEJ JKPVGT 9CRRGP $NWOGPMTGW\ KP FGP 9KPMGNP FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP $CFGP 5RQPJGKO /CJN DGTI .CJT WPF ªUGPDGTI (D 9KGNCPFV XCT /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
$#&'0 &74.#%* /#4-)4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 -74(ª456'067/ 5'+6 )4155*'4<1)67/
-CTN .GQRQNF (TKGFTKEJ &WMCV 4JGKPIQNF I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
5GKV RT·IVG $CFGP 4JGKPIQNFFWMCVGP INGKEJDNGKDGPFGP 6[RU \W -CTCV )T·P HGKP &KGU GPVURTCEJ PKEJV FGO IGUGV\NKEJGP (GKPIGJCNV XQP HÒT &WMCVGP FCJGT YWTFGP FKG 5VÒEMG UEJYGTGT CWUIGDTCEJV UQ FC FGT 9GTV PQTOCNGP &WMCVGP GPVURTCEJ
810
811
$#;'40 *'4<1)67/ 5'+6 -74(ª456'067/ 5'+6 -¤0+)4'+%*
/CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN )QNFIWNFGP /ÒPEJGP I (D FQTV CNU /CZ F QT DG\GKEJPGV *CJP 5GJT UEJÌP
/CZ F QT /ÒPEJGP I (D *CJP
5GJT UEJÌP
/CZ F QT /ÒPEJGP I (D *CJP -TCV\GT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG UGJT UEJÌP -CTN #NDGTV -CTQNKP /ÒPEJGP I (D *CJP 5GJT UEJÌP
/CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ &WMCV /ÒPEJGP CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV /CTKC #PPC 6QEJVGT XQP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV -ÌPKI XQP 2QNGP WPF -WTHÒTUV XQP 5CEJUGP 5VGORGN WPUKIPKGTV XQP ( # 5EJGIC I $GKFGT $TWUVDKNFGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT T $GTIKIG (NWNCPFUEJCHV OKV 5QPPG WPF \YGK 4GIGPDÌIGP KO #DUEJPKVV FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV (D )TQVGOG[GT 5NI /GTUGD 9KVV 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
814 812
813
105
DEUTSCHLAND • BAYERN
815
816
&WMCV /ÒPEJGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKPOCPVGN 1TFGPUDCPF WPF 8NKGU <YGK .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU OKV FGO -WTJWV DGFGEMVG XKGTHGNFKIG 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF FCTKP 4GKEJUCRHGN WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPVGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN +P 75 2NC UVKMJQNFGT FGT 2%)5 OKV FGT $GYGTVWPI /5 (D *CJP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
-CTN 6JGQFQT &WMCV /ÒPEJGP I (D *CJP
817
8QT\ÒINKEJ
818
/CZKOKNKCP + +8 ,QUGRJ )QNFIWNFGP Q , 0GWLCJTUIQNFIWNFGP 2T·UGPV FGT 5VCFV 9ÒT\DWTI I &KXQ 5 FQTV WPVGT 9ÒT\DWTI (D 5EJN FQTV WPVGT 9ÒT\DWTI /KP LWUVKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&KG 5VCFV 9ÒT\DWTI YCT UGKV FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV XGTRHNKEJVGV KJTGO LGYGKNKIGP .CPFGUJGTTGP CNU *GT\QI XQP (TCPMGP GKPG <CJNWPI XQP )QNFIWNFGP \WO 0GWLCJT GKPGU LGFGP ,CJTGU \W NGKUVGP XGTOWVNKEJ KP #DNÌUWPI GKPGT CNVGP 0CVWTCNCDICDG #WEJ PCEJFGO 9ÒT\DWTI CP $C[GTP IGHCNNGP YCT YWTFG FKGUGT $TCWEJ DGKDGJCNVGP
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
1,5:1
/KP -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
819 1,5:1
&WMCV +UCTIQNF I -QRH T (NWIQVV NCIGTV PCEJ T WPF GPVNGGTV OKV DGKFGP *·PFGP GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG FCXQT FCU DC[GTKUEJG 9CRRGP KO *KPVGTITWPF T 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /ÒPEJGP OKV FGT (TCW GPMKTEJG &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
821 820
822
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
WGTUV UGNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.WFYKI + )QNFIWNFGP 0GWLCJTUIQNFIWNFGP 2T·UGPV FGT 5VCFV 9ÒT\DWTI I &KXQ 5 FQTV WPVGT 9ÒT\DWTI (D 5EJN FQTV WPVGT 9ÒT\DWTI 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV .GKEJV LWUVKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 5VCFV 9ÒT\DWTI YCT UGKV FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV XGTRHNKEJVGV KJTGO LGYGKNKIGP .CPFGUJGTTGP CNU *GT\QI XQP (TCPMGP GKPG <CJNWPI XQP )QNFIWNFGP \WO 0GWLCJT GKPGU LGFGP ,CJTGU \W NGKUVGP XGTOWVNKEJ KP #DNÌUWPI GKPGT CNVGP 0CVWTCNCDICDG #WEJ PCEJFGO 9ÒT\DWTI CP $C[GTP IGHCNNGP YCT YWTFG FKGUGT $TCWEJ DGKDGJCNVGP *KGT NKGIV FGT GTUVG FGTCTVKIG 0GWLCJTUIQNFIWNFGP HÒT .WFYKI + XQT &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPKPUEJTKHV FKGUGU 5VÒEMGU GPVJ·NV FCU %JTQ PQITCOO FGT ,CJTGU\CJN
106
DEUTSCHLAND • BAYERN
823
824
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 9KP\ -TCV\GT 'TUVCDUEJNCI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
825
825 1,5:1
&WMCV &QPCWIQNF I -QRH T &GT (NWIQVV FGT &QPCW NCIGTV PCEJ N OKV FGO TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG IGNGJPV FGT NKPMG #TO NKGIV CWH FGO DC[GTKUEJGP 9CRRGP PGDGP UGKPGP (ÒGP 5EJKNH /KV NCVGKPKUEJGT .GIGPFG CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPFCTUVGNNWPI FKGUGU &WMCVGP KUV CWU FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV ÒDGTPQOOGP YQTFGP 5KG NGJPV UKEJ CP TÌOK UEJG 8QTDKNFGT CP
826
826 1,5:1
&WMCV &QPCWIQNF I -QRH T &GT (NWIQVV FGT &QPCW NCIGTV PCEJ N OKV FGO TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG IGNGJPV FGT NKPMG #TO NKGIV CWH FGO DC[GTKUEJGP 9CRRGP PGDGP UGKPGP (ÒGP 5EJKNH /KV NCVGKPKUEJGT .GIGPFG CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
827
827 1,5:1
&WMCV +PPIQNF I -QRH T &GT (NWIQVV NCIGTV PCEJ T OKV FGO TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG IGNGJPV OKV FGT .KPMGP J·NV GT FCU DC[GTKUEJG 9CRRGP &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
828
828 1,5:1
&WMCV +UCTIQNF I -QRH T (NWIQVV NCIGTV PCEJ T WPF GPVNGGTV OKV DGKFGP *·PFGP GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG FCXQT FCU DC[GTKUEJG 9CRRGP KO *KPVGTITWPF T 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /ÒPEJGP OKV FGT (TCW GPMKTEJG &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 107
DEUTSCHLAND • BAYERN
830 829
831
&WMCV 4JGKPIQNF I -QRH T 4JGKPNCPFUEJCHV OKV 6GKNCPUKEJV FGT 5VCFV 5RG[GT WPF FGO &QO CO TGEJVGP 4JGKPWHGT GKP 5EJKHH &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ 9·JTGPF CWH FGP PQTOCNGP &WMCVGP N·PIUV \WT FGWVUEJGP 6KVWNCVWT ÒDGTIGICPIGP YQTFGP YCT DGJKGNV $C[GTP DGK FGP 4JGKPIQNFFWMCVGP DKU \WO 5EJNW FGT 2T·IWPI FKG NCVGKPKUEJG 5EJTGKDYGKUG DGK
)QNFIWNFGP Q , 0GWLCJTUIQNFIWNFGP 2T·UGPV FGT 5VCFV 9ÒT\DWTI I &KXQ 5
FQTV WPVGT 9ÒT\DWTI (D 5EJN FQTV WPVGT 9ÒT\DWTI 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV 4JGKPIQNF I -QRH T 4JGKPNCPFUEJCHV OKV 6GKNCPUKEJV FGT 5VCFV 5RG[GT WPF FGO &QO CO TGEJVGP 4JGKPWHGT GKP 5EJKHH &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ 9·JTGPF CWH FGP PQTOCNGP &WMCVGP N·PIUV \WT FGWVUEJGP 6KVWNCVWT ÒDGTIGICPIGP YQTFGP YCT DGJKGNV $C[GTP DGK FGP 4JGKPIQNFFWMCVGP DKU \WO 5EJNW FGT 2T·IWPI FKG NCVGKPKUEJG 5EJTGKDYGKUG DGK
1,5:1
832
1,5:1
/CZKOKNKCP ++ &WMCV <YKVVGTFWMCV I /#:+/+.+#0 ++ $#8#4+#' 4': -QRH T FCTWPVGT 5KIPCVWT % 8 %CTN (TKGFTKEJ 8QKIV /ÒP\OGKUVGT CD KP /ÒPEJGP '+0 &7%#6'0 <YGK PCEJ CWGP DNKEMGPFG IGMTÌPVG FQRRGNUEJY·P\KIG .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU IGMTÌPVG DC[GTK UEJG 9CRRGP CWH 2QUVCOGPV FCTWPVGT FKG ,CJTGU\CJN &KXQ 5 (D FQTV WPIGPCW , < 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\ &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /ÒP\G YKTF CNU <YKVVGTFWMCV DG\GKEJPGV FC FGT 8QTFGTUGKVGPUVGORGN XQO 4JGKPIQNFFWMCVGP
&KXQ 5 WPF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQO &WMCVGPV[R &KXQ 5 XGTYGPFGV YWTFG
833
834
835
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
8GTGKPUMTQPG I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
.WFYKI ++ )QNFIWNFGP Q , 0GWLCJTUIQNFIWNFGP 2T·UGPV FGT 5VCFV 9ÒT\DWTI I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
108
DEUTSCHLAND • BRANDENBURG
1,5:1
836
1,5:1
&WMCVGP CWH FCU L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP .GKDICTFG FGT *CTVUEJKGTG I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
837
.WKVRQNF 2TKP\TGIGPV )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # $ÌTUEJ 2TGKUOGFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP DGKO $C[GTKUEJGP 8GTGKPU WPF ,WDKN·WOUUEJKGGP KP /ÒPEJGP $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGT 1TFGPUMGVVG &CU /ÒPEJGPGT -KPFN OKV WOIGJ·PIVGO )GYGJT UVGJV CWH \YGK IGMTGW\VGP 'KEJGP\YGK IGP FKG .KPMG CWH FGP 4CWVGPUEJKNF FKG 4GEJVG CWH GKPG <KGNUEJGKDG IGNGIV OO I 5NI 2GNV\GT 9KVV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
838
839
840
$4#0&'0$74) +0 (4#0-'0 $4#0&'0$74) +0 (4#0-'0 /#4-)4#(5%*#(6
(TKGFTKEJ FGT NVGTG CNNGKP )QNFIWNFGP 5EJYCDCEJ I (D X 5EJT XCT 4 )WVGU UGJT UEJÌP
%JTKUVKCP &WMCV ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV 0ÒTPDGTI I (D 5NI 9KNO -N 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
)GQTI (TKGFTKEJ -CTN &WMCV CWH UGKPG *WNFKIWPI I (D 5NI 9KNO 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
$4#0&'0$74) $#;4'76* /#4-)4#(5%*#(6
1,5:1
841 1,5:1
$4#0&'0$74) #05$#%* /#4-)4#(5%*#(6
-CTN 9KNJGNO (TKGFTKEJ &WMCV I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMÌPVGT #FNGT ÒDGT <QNNGTPUEJKNF \W FGP 5GKVGP 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI (D 5NI 9KNO 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 109
DEUTSCHLAND • BRANDENBURG
1,5:1
842
1,5:1
$4#0&'0$74) 24'755'0 $4#0&'0$74) /#4-)4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 &'/ ,#*4*70&'46 -74(ª456'067/
,QJCPP 5KIKUOWPF )QNFIWNFGP %ÌNP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF HCUV X X OKV IGUEJWNVGTVGO <GRVGT FKG .KPMG CO 5EJYGTVITKHH 8GT\KGTVGU CEJVHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF $CJTH C (D 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP &GT 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG UQNN CP\GKIGP FC FKG /ÒP\G PCEJ FGT IÒNVKIGP 4GKEJUOÒP\QTFPWPI XQP IGRT·IV YWTFG )QNFIWNFGP YCTGP FCTKP OKV GKPGO 9GTV XQP -TGW\GTP XQTIGUGJGP #NNGTFKPIU YWTFG CWEJ FGT &WMCV \W -TGW\GTP GKPIGHÒJTV FGT FKG )QNFIWNFGP CNNO·JNKEJ XGTFT·PIVG
844
843
844
)GQTI 9KNJGNO &WMCV &- -ÌPKIUDGTI I $TWUVDKNF T KO -WTQTPCV WPF OKV -WTJWV -WTJWV ÒDGT XKGTHGNFKIGO 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN WPF FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP & - &CXKF -QEJ /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP -ÌPKIUDGTI EC CO 'PFG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV FCU 9CTFGKP\GKEJGP -TGW\ ÒDGT *GT\ 'TPUV 2HCJNGT 9CTFGKP KP -ÌPKIUDGTI (D /CTKGPD 1NF C 44 /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV &WMCVGP Q , -ÌPKIUDGTI 5VGO RGNUEJPGKFGT 0QCJ $TGVVUEJPGKFGT WPF /ÒP\OGKUVGT &CPKGN -QEJ I &GT -WTHÒTUV KO -WTQTPCV WPF OKV <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP TGKVGV T 'KPG XQP QDGP FCTIGUVGNNVG IGÌHHPGVG 4QUGPDNÒVG DGNGIV OKV FGO -WTUEJKNF WOJGT 9CRRGPUEJKNFG FGT DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP $GUKV\WPIGP (D X 5EJT D 44 5GJT UEJÌP
845
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCVGP +* $GTNKP CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 5VGVVKP I $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCT WPVGT FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP + Û * Û ,QJCPP *ÌJP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 5VGVVKP FCT ÒDGT #FNGT WPF )TGKH FKG IGOGKPUCO FCU -WT\GRVGT JCNVGP KO #DUEJPKVV FCU &CVWO FGT 'TQDGTWPI $CJTH #PO 5 (D XIN X 5EJT 5NI *GPEMGN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJFGO 5VGVVKP KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP PGDUV 8QTRQOOGTP CP 5EJYGFGP CDIGVTGVGP YQTFGP YCT MQPPVG FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV FKG 5VCFV PCEJ JCTVP·EMKIGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI UGKVGPU FGT 5EJYGFGP WPF FGT $ÒTIGTUEJCHV CO &G\GO DGT GKPPGJOGP &KG -CRKVWNCVKQP FGT 5VCFV MQPPVG JKPIGIGP GTUV CO ,CPWCT GT\YWPIGP YGTFGP &GT 5KGI YCT LGFQEJ PWT XQP MWT\GT &CWGT DGTGKVU OWVG 5VGVVKP YKGFGT CP 5EJYGFGP \WTÒEMIGIGDGP YGTFGP
110
DEUTSCHLAND • BRANDENBURG
846
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCVGP %5 5VGVVKP CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 5VGVVKP I $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCT WPVGT FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP %5Ő %JTKUVQRJ 5WETQ /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 5VGVVKP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 5VGVVKP T QDGP GKP WOUVTCJNVGU 5QPPGPIGUKEJV FCTÒDGT DQIKI .8%' 4'584)1 018# Û KO #DUEJPKVV FCU &CVWO FGT 'TQDGTWPI $CJTH (D X 5EJT 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
847
847 1,5:1
&WMCV .%5 $GTNKP )WKPGC &WMCV I )GJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF T OKV -QOOCPFQUVCD &TGK OCUVGT QDGP N 9KPF CWU 9QNMGP KO #DUEJPKVV FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP .%5 .QTGP\ %JTKUVQRJ 5EJPGKFGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP $GTNKP (D X 5EJT 44 /KP IGYGNNV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ )WKPGC &WMCVGP 5EJKHHUFWMCVGP UKPF &WMCVGP FKG CWU CHTKMCPKUEJGO )QNF IGRT·IV YWTFGP 0CEJFGO FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV FKG -QNQPKG )TQHTKGFTKEJUDWTI CP FGT -ÒUVG XQP )WKPGC IGITÒPFGV JCVVG YWTFGP KP $GTNKP XQP DKU )WKPGCFWMCVGP IGUEJNCIGP &KG /ÒP\MQUVGP HÒT FKGUG 5VÒEMG YCTGP UGJT JQEJ GU HCPFGP UKEJ LGFQEJ XKGNG .KGDJCDGT FKGUGU 9CJT\GKEJGPU GKPGT HTÒJGP -QNQPKUKGTWPI FWTEJ GKPGP FGWVUEJGP (ÒTUVGP
848
849
849 1,5:1
850
850
24'755'0 -¤0+)4'+%*
(TKGFTKEJ +++ + &WMCV %5 $GTNKP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 5EJYCT\GP #FNGTQTFGPU (D X 5EJT (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO + FGT 5QNFCVGPMÌPKI &WMCV *(* /CIFGDWTI I )GJCT PKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU HGNFKIGU 9CRRGP (D X 5EJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV *(* /CIFGDWTI I (D X 5EJT
.GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
111
DEUTSCHLAND • BRANDENBURG
851
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCVGP ')0 $GTNKP I (4+& Û 9+.* & Û ) Û 4': Û $14 Û '. Û $4 Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF WPF <QRH )GMTÌPVGT QXCNGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF QDGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN WPVGP FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP ' Û ) Û 0 f 'TPUV )GQTI 0GWDCWGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP $GTNKP (D \W X 5EJT \W 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9QJN WPGFKGTV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT $GK FGO XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VÒEM JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO GKPGP &KEMCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU GKPHCEJGP &WMCVGP $GTNKP &CU 5VÒEM KUV PCEJ WPUGTGP 7PVGTNCIGP WPGFKGTV &GTCTVKIG &QRRGNFWMCVGP CWU FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG $GTNKP UKPF CWGTQTFGPVNKEJ UGNVGP WPF YCTGP DKUJGT PWT XQP WPF DGMCPPV
853 852
854
&WMCV ')0 $GTNKP I (D X 5EJT &WMCV ')0 $GTNKP I (D X 5EJT
#VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 44 .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W GKPGO &WMCVGP Q , CWH FKG #WHPCJOG FGT 5CN\DWTIGT 'OKITCPVGP 91 51.. +%* (.+'*'0 *+0 Ü 8QIGN HNKGIV N KO )GYKVVGT ÒDGT /GGT #..'+0 <7 &+4 *'44 +'57 %*4+56 ,GUWU CO -TGW\ CWH (GNUGP KO /GGT OO I (D 4QNN XIN FQTV KP 5KNDGT 44 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4QNN DGOGTMV \W UGKPGT 0WOOGT &KGUG DGKFGP 5VÒEMG UKPF FGO -CVCNQIG , 5EJWNOCP KP #OUVGTFCO ,WNK 0T YÌTVNKEJ GPVPQOOGP +O 1TKIKPCN UKPF UKG OKT PQEJ PKEJV XQTIGMQOOGP FCJGT MQPPVG KEJ FKG ÒDGTCWU MPCRRG $GUEJTGKDWPI PKEJV XGTXQNNUV·PFKIGP
855
856
(TKGFTKEJ ++ FGT )TQG )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WO XQP , . 1GZNGKP CWH FKG 9CUUGTPQV KP 5EJNGUKGP &KG #TEJG 0QCJ CWH 5GG QDGP N JGTCPHNKGIGPFG 6CWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN &CTUVGNNWPI XQP 0QCJU &CPMQRHGT OO I ( W 5 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI $TGVVCWGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT WGTUV UGNVGP (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WO XGTOWVNKEJ XQP % ( .ÒFGTU CWH FKG 9CUUGTPQV KP 5EJNGUKGP &KG #TEJG 0QCJ CWH 5GG QDGP N JGTCPHNKGIGPFG 6CWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN &CTUVGNNWPI XQP 0QCJU &CPMQRHGT OO I ( W 5 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI $TGVVCWGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT WGTUV UGNVGP .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
112
DEUTSCHLAND • BRANDENBURG
858
857
&WMCV $GTNKP CWH UGKPG *WNFKIWPI KP -ÌPKIUDGTI I (D 1NF X 5EJT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV ')0 $GTNKP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV 1TFGPUDCPF WPF WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP )GMTÌPVGT $CTQEMUEJKNF FCTKP FGT IGMTÌPVG #FNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV IGMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO WPVGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI (D 1NF X 5EJT C 4 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
859
860
861
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # $GTNKP I (D 1NF C X 5EJT (TKGFTKEJU F QT # $GTNKP I (D 1NF C X 5EJT
5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TKGFTKEJU F QT $ $TGUNCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT CWH #TOCVWTGP (D 1NF C X 5EJT 44 9KP\ 4·PFGNWPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
862
1,5:1
1,5:1
)QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU /CTKGPITQUEJGP & #WTKEJ I )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV KP FGP (·PIGP <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN 9GTV ,CJTGU WPF /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG 1NF #PO X 5EJT #PO C WGTUV UGNVGP 5GJT UEJÌP
863
864
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # $GTNKP I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT CWH #TOCVWTGP (D 1NF X 5EJT 5GJT UGNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # $GTNKP I -QRH T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT CWH #TOCVWTGP QDGP ,CJTGU\CJN WPVGP FCU /ÒP\UV·VVGP\GKEJGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 4QUGVVGP (D 1NF X 5EJT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 113
DEUTSCHLAND • BRANDENBURG
865
866
867
(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO ++ &WMCV # $GTNKP *CPFGNUOÒP\G I (D , 1DGTHN·EJG \ 6 GVYCU TCWJ UGJT UEJÌP
&KG QHHK\KGNNGP )QNFOÒP\GP 2TGWGPU YCTGP FKG 2KUVQNGP (TKGFTKEJU F QT \W 6CNGTP +P XKGNGP 6GKNGP 'WTQRCU
PQTFFGWVUEJG -ÒUVGPN·PFGT 5ÒFFGWVUEJNCPF 0KGFGTNCPFG WPF 1UVGWTQRC YCT LGFQEJ FGT &WMCV FKG I·PIKIG )QNF OÒP\G &GT *CPFGN OKV FKGUGP .·PFGTP HÒJTVG FCJGT \WT #WURT·IWPI XQP &WMCVGP
(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ (TKGFTKEJU F QT # (TKGFGPUV[R I (D , 5EJN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
868
$GTKGDGP UEJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
869
(TKGFTKEJU F QT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
(TKGFTKEJU F QT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 2TQDKGTURWT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP
870
1,5:1
1,5:1
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
871
114
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN (TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
872
5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • BRAUNSCHWEIG
873
874
875
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN (TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN (TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
876
877
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
878
879
(TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +8 &QRRGNVGT (TKGFTKEJU F QT # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
9KNJGNO + 8GTGKPUMTQPG # I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
24'755'0 *'4<1)67/ 15624'755'0
)GQTI (TKGFTKEJ #FOKPKUVTCVQT &WMCV -ÌPKIUDGTI I (D 0GWOCPP X 5EJT 5GJT UEJÌP
1,5:1
880
880
$4#705%*9'+) 70& .ª0'$74) $4#705%*9'+) 91.('0$ª66'. (ª456'067/
(TKGFTKEJ 7NTKEJ &WMCV <GNNGTHGNF I &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG *GT\QI UVGJV HCUV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VTGKVMQNDGP FKG .KPMG NKGIV CWH FGO 5EJYGTVITKHH \W FGP 5GKVGP )GMTÌPVGU XGT\KGTVGU HGNFKIGU 9CRRGP (D 9GNVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP
882
881
882
-CTN + &WMCV $TCWPUEJYGKI I (D 9GNVGT
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT $TCWPUEJYGKI I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 4Q N (D 9GNVGT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT )QNFVÌPWPI 115
DEUTSCHLAND • BRAUNSCHWEIG
883
884
885
886
-CTN 9KNJGNO (GTFKPCPF &WMCV $TCWPUEJYGKI I (D 9GNVGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT $TCWPUEJYGKI I (D 9GNVGT 6CNGT /% I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 6CNGT /% I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
887
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
889
888
-CTN ++ 5GNDUV·PFKIG 4GIKGTWPI 6CNGT %X% I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
9KNJGNO 6CNGT %X% I /KV TWPFGT KP FGT ,CJTGU\CJN WPF ITQGT 5EJNGKHG CO -TCP\ &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌP
890
891
892
$4#705%*9'+) %#.'0$'4) *#0018'4 #$ -74(ª456'067/ *#0018'4 #$ -¤0+)4'+%* *#0018'4
)GQTI ++ &WMCV *CPPQXGT I (D 9GNVGT )QNFIWNFGP 6CNGT *CPPQXGT I (D 9GNVGT
)GQTI +++ &WMCV <GNNGTHGNF #WUDGWVG FGT *CT\GT )TWDGP I /ÒUGNGT (D 9GNVGT 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ
893
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
894
&WMCV <GNNGTHGNF #WUDGWVG FGT *CT\GT )TWDGP I )GMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP 4Q N KO #DUEJPKVV FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ': #741 *'4% Ù % Û ' Û 5 Û %JTKUVQRJ 'PIGNJCTF 5GKFGP UVKEMGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP <GNNGTHGNF /ÒUGNGT (D 9GNVGT 4 .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
2KUVQNG % I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
116
8QT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • BRAUNSCHWEIG
896
895
6CNGT %** I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 6CNGT 69 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
897
898
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 4CPFWPGDGPJGKVGP XQT\ÒINKEJ
899
900
6CNGT % #WUDGWVG FGT *CT\GT )TWDGP I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT %** I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 6CNGT 69 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV % #WUDGWVG FGT *CT\GT )TWDGP I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
901
902
903
904
)GQTI +8 &WMCV % I #WUDGWVG FGT *CT\GT )TWDGP &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
'TPUV #WIWUV 6CNGT 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
6CNGT 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
905
906
6CNGT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 6CNGT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
905
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
117
DEUTSCHLAND • BREMEN
909 907
908
)GQTI 8 6CNGT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ 6CNGT $ *CT\IQNF I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 6CNGT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
910
$4'/'0
56#&6
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ + I <YGK TÒEMY·TVU DNKEMGPFG .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU $TGOGT 5VCFVYCRRGP FCTÒDGT -TQPG )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 4GKEJUCRHGN (D ,WPIM 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
911
56#&6
912
$4'5.#7
&WMCV I 5VCFVYCRRGP 5V 9GP\GN UVGJV X X OKV (CJPG WPF 5EJYGTV (D ( W 5 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV I 5VCFVYCRRGP 5V 9GP\GN UVGJV X X OKV (CJPG WPF 5EJYGTV (D ( W 5 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
913
56#&6
118
'/&'0
)QNFGPG 8KGT\KIGT /GFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , ,CJTJWPFGTV WPUKIPKGTV i 08/ k :. k 8+4 k %+8+6#6+5 k '/$&'05+5 i )GMTÌPVGT WPF XGT\KGTVGT 5VCFVUEJKNF %10%14&+# k 4'5 k 2#48 k %4'5%806 k <YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG CWU 9QNMGP JCNVGP 2HGKNDÒPFGN QDGP -TQPG WOJGT 8GT\KGTWPI OO I -P[RJ FQTV CNU &WMCVGP 5NI $QPKP #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV 0T FQTV CNU &WMCV 5NI 4GKOOCPP FQTV CNU &WMCV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
DEUTSCHLAND • EMDEN
1,5:1 914
914
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 8KGT\KIGT -QNNGIKWOU )GMTÌPVGT 5VCFVUEJKNF \YKUEJGP 2CNO\YGKIGP ÒDGT *CHGP WPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV ,GYGKNU UKGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGTIGUVGNNV OO I -P[RJ 5NI $QPKP #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV 0T 5NI 4GKOOCPP FQTV CNU &WMCVGP 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
915
915 1,5:1
&WMCVGP I /10'6Ü 018#Ü 4'+2Ü '/$&Ü )GJCTPKUEJVGT 4KVVGT UVGJV X X OKV *GNO KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP FGP 'OFGPGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF &8%#685 8#.14+5 *80) WPVGP /ÒP\\GKEJGP + Û 8 Û 4 ,QJCPP XQP 4KEMKPIGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 'OFGP WOJGT 8GT\KGTWPI (D -P[RJ 5NI $QPKP #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV 0T FQTV CNU &WMCV 5NI 4GKOOCPP 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV .GKEJVG $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
916
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV I /10'6Ü 018#Ü 4'+2Ü '/$&Ü )GJCTPKUEJVGT 4KVVGT UVGJV X X OKV *GNO KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP FGP 'OFGPGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF &8%#685 8#.14+5 *80) WPVGP /ÒP\\GKEJGP + Û 8 Û 4 ,QJCPP XQP 4KEMKPIGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 'OFGP WOJGT 8GT\KGTWPI (D \W -P[RJ 5NI $QPKP #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV 0T 5NI 4GKOOCPP 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 119
DEUTSCHLAND • ERFURT
917
'4(746
56#&6
918
7PVGT 5EJYGFGP )WUVCX ++ #FQNH &WMCV CWH UGKPGP 6QF 2QUVJWOG 2T·IWPI I #JNUVTÌO F (D .GKV\OCPP NGKEJV XCT .GKEJV IGYGNNV MN -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
)WUVCX ++ #FQNH HKGN CO 0QXGODGT KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK .ÒV\GP &KG <WYGKUWPI FGU XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VÒEMGU \W 'THWTV GTHQNIV CWHITWPF FGT WOIGMGJTVGP 2NCPGVGP\GKEJGP PGDGP FGO 9CRRGP
7PVGT 5EJYGFGP %JTKUVKPC &WMCV I $TWUVDKNF JCNDN )GMTÌPVGU WPF XGT\KGT VGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF #JNUVTÌO C (D .GKV\OCPP 4 #VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
919
920
(4#0-(746
56#&6
)QNFIWNFGP OKV 6KVGN XQP /CVVJKCU I (D , W ( G
&WMCV CWH FKG 9CJN XQP (TCP\ + \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT I (ÌTUEJPGT (D , W ( 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
921
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
922
(ª456'067/ (4#0-(746
%CTN 6JGQFQT XQP &CNDGTI (ÒTUVRTKOCU FGU 4JGKPDWPFGU &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 9KP\ <CKPGPFG HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
924
923
#$6'+ 5'+6 $+567/
#FQNRJ XQP &CNDGTI -CTQNKP )WNFGP (WNFC I $WEJQPKC (D -N $GCTDGKVWPIUUVGNNG UGJT UEJÌP
56#&6 120
(7.&#
*#/$74)
)QNFIWNFGP Q , OKV 6KVGN (TKGFTKEJU +++ I (D )CGF
5GJT UEJÌP
DEUTSCHLAND • HAMBURG
925
926
)QNFIWNFGP OKV 6KVGN 4WFQNHU ++ I 5V 2GVTWU X X OKV $WEJ WPF 5EJNÒUUGN WPVGP 5EJKNF OKV 0GUUGNDNCVV 4GKEJUCRHGN KP &TGKRC \W FGP 5GKVGP FGU 4GKEJUCRHGNU FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN (D )CGF D 44 5GJT UEJÌP
&WMCVGP I <YGK .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU 5VCFVYCRRGP FCTÒDGT \YGK IGMTGW\VG 2CNO\YGKIG /CFQPPC OKV -KPF WPF <GRVGT UVGJV X X CWH /QPFUKEJGN (D )CGF 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
928
927
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN .GQRQNFU + I /CFQPPC OKV -KPF WPF <GRVGT UVGJV X X CWH /QPFUKEJGN FCXQT 5VCFVYCRRGP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 4GKEJU CRHGN (D )CGF 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W GKPGO &WMCVGP Q , CWH FCU XKGTVG )GDQV <YGK 6CHGNP PGDGPGKPCPFGT FCTCWH FCU XKGTVG )GDQV 'KP KP GKPGP -ÒDGN IGRHNCP\VGT ITÌGTGT $CWO UVGJV \YKUEJGP \YGK MNGKPGTGP $·WOEJGP KP -ÒDGNP OO I )CGF ++ 5 XCT 5GJT UEJÌP
929
$CPMRQTVWICNÌUGT \W &WMCVGP Q , XQP ) 9 9CJN I » )1.& Û 51 Û 0+//'4 Û (7.6 Û &#5 Û *'46< Û -#0 Û <9#4 Û 1*0' Û )166 Û 0+%*6 Û .#$'0 <YGK #NV·TG KP FGT /KVVG $GTIYGTMUCWHTK OKV *CURGN WPVGP 9GTM\GWIG CWH FGO NKPMGP #NVCT UVTCJNGPFGU *GT\ OKV CWHIGNGIVGO &TGKGEM FCTKP FGT 0COG ,GJQXCU FCTÒDGT #TO CWU 9QNMGP OKV -TQPG CWH FGO TGEJVGP #NVCT GKP *GT\ DGNGIV OKV GKPGO IGÌUVGO /GFCKNNQP YQTCWH FKG 7OUEJTKHV /#//10 \W NGUGP KUV FCTÒDGT #TO CWU 9QNMGP OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FGT UEJQP FKG $N·VVGT XGTNKGTV <W FGP 5GKVGP FGT \YGK #NV·TG N JTGP T &QTPDWUEJ QDGP 9QNMGP Ý &'001%* Û /75 Û /#0 Û +0 Û &'4 Û 9'.6 Û )'.& Ü )'9'4$ Ü 70& Ü 14&070) Ü *#$'0 /GTMWT WPF 0GRVWP OKV KJTGP #VVTKDWVGP UVGJGP PGDGP GKPGO 6KUEJ CWH FGO UKEJ GKPG 9CCIG WPF GKP 4GEJGPDTGVV DGHKPFGP WPVGP FCU *CODWTIGT 5VCFVYCRRGP )CGF )GUEJKEJVG KP )QNF /ÒUGNGT 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
930
931
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN -CTNU 8+ I (D )CGF
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN -CTNU 8++ I 5VCFVYCRRGP KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 4GKEJUCRHGN (D )CGF 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
121
DEUTSCHLAND • HANAU
933
932
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN ,QUGHU ++ I 8GT\KGTVG 6CHGN OKV HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT FKG *CODWTIGT 5VCFVDWTI )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 4GKEJUCRHGN (D )CGF 5GJT UGNVGPGT ,CJTICPI .GKEJVG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG FGPPQEJ CVVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ ++ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
934
935
935
)QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU 5GEJUNKPI I #-5 #PO , D #PO 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
936
8QT\ÒINKEJ
937
938
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
939
WGTUV UGNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ /KP IGYGNNV MN -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
940
1,5:1
1,5:1
*#0#7 *#0#7 .+%*6'0$'4) )4#(5%*#(6
122
,QJCPP 4GKPJCTF )QNFIWNFGP Q , WO 9ÌTVJ OKV 6KVGN XQP /CVVJKCU I &TGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP YGKVGTGT *GNO )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT (D C 5WEJKGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • HANNOVER
941
*#0018'4
56#&6
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN (GTFKPCPFU +++ I 5VCFVVQT OKV \YGK 6ÒTOGP FC\YKUEJGP .ÌYG KO IGÌHHPG VGP 6QT -NGGDNCVV WPVGT (CNNIKVVGT \W FGP 5GKVGP FGT 6ÒTOG FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP / $ /QTKV\ $GTIOCPP /ÒP\OGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV *CPPQXGT )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV $WEM /GKGT (D 44 'VYCU IGYGNNV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN UEJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IV UGJT UEJÌP +O ,CJTG YCT FKG CNVG /ÒP\UV·VVG FGT 5VCFV *CPPQXGT KO $CTHÒGTMNQUVGT IGUEJNQUUGP YQTFGP YGKN *GT\QI )GQTI XQP %CNGPDGTI CP FKGUGO 2NCV\ GKP 4GUKFGP\UEJNQUU GTTKEJVGP YQNNVG 'TUV YWTFG FKG UV·FVKUEJG /ÒP\G KO *CWU -NQUVGTICPI YKGFGTGTÌHHPGV 7PUGT &WMCV KUV GKPGU FGT GTUVGP )GRT·IG CWU FGT PGWGP /ÒP\G &KG 5VCFV DGMCO KO ÒDTKIGP 2HGPPKIG 5EJNCIUEJCV\ RTQ &WMCV
942 943
*'55'0
943
*'55'0 -#55'. .#0&)4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 -74(ª456'067/
9KNJGNO 8+++ &WMCV -CUUGN I (D 5EJÒV\
(TKGFTKEJ ++ &QRRGNVGT .QWKU F QT -CUUGN &QRRGNVG 5VGTPRKUVQNG I $ÒUVG T )GMTÌPVGT .ÌYG CWH FGO 5VGTP FGU JGUUKUEJGP 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP .ÌYGP WPVGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN WPF FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP & ( &KGVTKEJ *GKPTKEJ (WNFC /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP -CUUGN (D C 5EJÒV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
944
44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
945
*'55'0 &#4/56#&6 .#0&)4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 )4155*'4<1)67/
.WFYKI ++ )WNFGP I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN )WNFGP I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
946
*1*'0.1*' *1*'0.1*' 0'7'056'+0 ¤*4+0)'0 )4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 (ª456'067/
,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ FGT NVGTG &WMCV #WIUDWTI I )GJCTPKUEJVGT 4KVVGT OKV GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV TGKVGV N WPVGP \YKUEJGP (GNUGP GKPG -WIGN CWH FGT GKPG $WTI FCTIGUVGNNV KUV FCTÒDGT \W FGP 5GKVGP QDGP \W FGP 5GKVGP &'1 &8%' Û &TGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF #NDTGEJV (QTUVGT (D FQTV OKV KTTVÒONKEJGT ,CJTGU\CJN 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ &KG 2T·IWPI FKGUGU &WMCVGP GTHQNIVG CPN·NKEJ FGU )GDWTVUVCIU FGU )TCHGP ,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ YCU CWUFTÒEMNKEJ KP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPNGIGPFG JGTXQTIGJQDGP KUV /KV FGPUGNDGP 5VGORGNP YWTFGP CWEJ &QRRGNFWMCVGP WPF KP 5KNDGT 8KGTVGN WPF #EJVGNVCNGT IGRT·IV
123
DEUTSCHLAND • HOHENLOHE
947
*1*'0.1*' .#0)'0$74) )4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 (ª456'067/
)GOGKPUEJCHVNKEJ &WMCV 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG ,CJTG \WXQT GTHQNIVG 6GKNWPI FGT .CPIGPDWTIGT .KPKG I #NDTGEJV (D 8QT\ÒINKEJ
948
949
,ª.+%* -.'8' $'4) ,ª.+%* $'4) *'4<1)67/
9KNJGNO +8 )QNFIWNFGP Q , /ÒNJGKO *WDGTVWUIQNFIWNFGP I (D 0QUU 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK WPF MN -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
&KG RQUUKFKGTGPFGP (ÒTUVGP &WMCV /ÒNJGKO I )GMTÌPVGU UGEJUHGNFKIGU 9CR RGP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV (D 0QUU 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 4CPFHGJNGT UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP
$GKO 6QF FGU *GT\QIU ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO CO /·T\ GTJQDGP UGKPG XKGT 5EJYGUVGTP 'TDCPURTÒEJG CWH ,ÒNKEJ $GTI 5KG YWTFGP FCTKP XGTUV·PFNKEJGTYGKUG XQP KJTGP 'JGO·PPGTP OCUUKX WPVGTUVÒV\V $CNF GTUEJKGPGP KO .CPF 8GTVTGVGT CNNGT 5GKVGP WPF GKPG OKNKV·TKUEJG #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPI YCT \W DGHÒTEJVGP &KG UV·TMUVGP 2CTVGKGP YCTGP ,QJCPP 5KIKUOWPF XQP $TCPFGPDWTI CNU 5EJYKGIGTUQJP FGT ·NVGUVGP 5EJYGUVGT WPF 9QNHICPI 9KNJGNO XQP 2HCN\ 0GWDWTI CNU 5QJP FGT \YGKVGP 5EJYGUVGT ,QJCPP 9KNJGNOU &KGUG DGKFGP XGTGKPDCTVGP WPVGT 8GTOKVVNWPI FGU .CPF ITCHGP /QTKV\ XQP *GUUGP CO ,WPK KO &QTVOWPFGT 4CVJCWU FGP &QTVOWPFGT 4G\G &KGUGT 8GTVTCI DG UVKOOVG FC DKU \W GKPGT TGEJVUIÒNVKIGP 'PVUEJGKFWPI DGKFG IGOGKPUCO FCU .CPF TGIKGTGP UQNNVGP -CKUGT 4WFQNH ++ FGT 5CEJUGP CNU 'TDG FGU *GT\QIVWOU ,ÒNKEJ $GTI HCXQTKUKGTVG JQD FGP &QTVOWPFGT 4G\G CWH WPF UGV\VG UGKPGP 0GHHGP $KUEJQH .GQRQNF XQP 2CUUCW WPF 5VTCDWTI CNU MCKUGTNKEJGP -QOOKUUCT KP ,ÒNKEJ $GTI GKP &CTCWHJKP DG UGV\VGP ,QJCPP 5KIKUOWPF WPF 9QNHICPI 9KNJGNO FCU .CPF WPF TGIKGTVGP GU CNU 2QUUKFKGTGPFG (ÒTUVGP
1,5:1
950 1,5:1
-CTN 6JGQFQT &WMCV &ÒUUGNFQTH I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T CO #TOCD UEJPKVV /#4/' ,QJCPP %JTKUVKCP /CTO¾ )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG WOJGT 1TFGPU MGVVG OKV 1TFGPUUVGTP \W FGP 5GKVGP FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP # Û - Û #PVQP -CORJCWUGP /ÒP\ OGKUVGT KP &ÒUUGNFQTH WPF FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN (D 0QUU 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT YWTFG \WO GTUVGP /CN PCEJ ,CJTGP YKGFGT KP &ÒUUGNFQTH IGRT·IV WPF \YCT PWT &WMCVGP WPF 5VÒDGT 7O FGP $GFCTH \W FGEMGP YWTFGP \YGK )TCXGWTG OKV FGO 5EJPGKFGP FGT 5VGORGN DGCWHVTCIV /CTO¾ KP -NGXG WPF 5EJ·HHGT KP /CPPJGKO /CTO¾U 5VGORGN GPVURTGEJGP OGJT FGO DCTQEMGP 5VKN OKV FGT TGKEJ FGMQTKGTVGP $ÒUVG Y·JTGPF 5EJ·HHGTU 2TQFWMVG UKEJ UEJQP FGO \KGTNKEJGTGP 4QMQMQ \WYGPFGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT YCT KP FKGUGT <GKV #PVQP -CORJCWUGP
951
56#&6 124
-#7($'74'0
)QNFMTQPG Q , OKV 6KVGN -CTNU 8 I (D 0CW
5GJT UEJÌP
DEUTSCHLAND • KÖLN
953
-¤.0
'4<$+567/
954
952
2JKNKRR ++ XQP &CWP 1DGTUVGKP )QNFIWNFGP /ÒP\UV·VVG XGTOWVNKEJ <QPU I (D 0QUU D 44 5CWDGT CWUIGRT·IVGU 'ZGORNCT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.ª$'%-
56#&6
)QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU &TGKNKPIU 6CNGT I $GJTGPU F 4 -N -TCV\GT YKP\ FWTEJIGJGPFGT 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
&WMCV )QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU 5EJKNNKPIU I $GJTGPU E , #PO 8QT\ÒINKEJ
955
.ª0'$74)
56#&6
)QNFIWNFGP Q , OKV 6KVGN (TKGFTKEJU +++ I (D -P[RJ XCT 5GJT UEJÌP
/#)&'$74)
'4<$+567/
956
#WIWUV XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKUUGPHGNU &WMCV *CNNG I $TWUVDKNF X X OKV 5RKV\GP MTCIGP WPF (GNFDKPFG 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV 5VKHVUUEJKNF KP FGT /KVVG QDGP +PHWN WPVGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FGU 9CRRGPU FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 2 5 2GVGT 5EJPGKFGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP *CNNG (D X 5EJT C 44 /KP IGYGNNV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
957
'4<$+567/
959
958
/#+0<
#NDTGEJV ++ XQP $TCPFGPDWTI )QNFIWNFGP Q , /CKP\ I (D 5NI 9CNVJGT XCT 4 5GJT UEJÌP
)GQTI (TKGFTKEJ XQP )TGKHHGPMNCW \W 8QNNTCVJU &WMCV /CKP\ I (D 5NI 9CNVJGT FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT 4 5GJT UEJÌP
#PUGNO %CUKOKT 9CODQNFV XQP 7OUVCFV &WMCVGP /CKP\ I (D 5NI 9CNVJGT 5GJT UEJÌP
125
DEUTSCHLAND • MECKLENBURG
961
960
/'%-.'0$74) /'%-.'0$74) 5%*9'4+0 *'4<1)67/ 5'+6 )4155*'4<1)67/
(TKGFTKEJ (TCP\ + 6CNGT &QRRGNRKUVQNG I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
6CNGT 2KUVQNG I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
963
962
2CWN (TKGFTKEJ 6CNGT &QRRGNRKUVQNG I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
6CNGT 2KUVQNG I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
964
0#55#7
0#55#7 *'4<1)67/
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV \W 7UKPIGP WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO \W 9GKNDWTI &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
965
4'+%*5/ª0<56 66'
966
0ª40$'4)
5KIKUOWPF )QNFIWNFGP Q , I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU -ÌPKIU X X OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU 5EJYGTV UEJWNVGTPF KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN #FNGT OKV 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV FCTKP &QRRGNMTGW\ (D 5NI 'TNCPIGT 4 5GJT UEJÌP
56#&6
)QNFIWNFGP I (D -GNNPGT
)QNFIWNFGP I (D -GNNPGT )QNFIWNFGP I (D -GNNPGT
967
126
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
-N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
968
DEUTSCHLAND • NÜRNBERG
969
970
)QNFIWNFGP OKV 6KVGN 4WFQNHU ++ I <YGK CPGKPCPFGTIGNGJPVG OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG 9CR RGPUEJKNFG )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 4WFQNHU ++ T (D -GNNPGT 44 /KV 2WP\G # KO (GNF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG MN *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
&GT XQTNKGIGPFG )QNFIWNFGP YWTFG CPN·NKEJ FGU \WO MWTHÒTUVNKEJGP -QNNGIKCNVCIGU GTYCTVGVGP 'KP\WIU 4WFQNHU ++ IGRT·IV &C FGT $GUWEJ FGU -CKUGTU LGFQEJ CWUHKGN YWTFGP FKG OGKUVGP FKGUGT /ÒP\GP YKGFGT GKPIGUEJOQN\GP
)QNFIWNFGP I (D -GNNPGT
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
972
971
&WMCV (TKGFGPUYWPUEJ I (D -GNNPGT &WMCV .COORT·IWPI I -GNNPGT (D
<CKPGPFG HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
973
5GEJUHCEJG &WMCVGPMNKRRG CWH FKG ,CJTGUHGKGT FGU (TKGFGPU XQP 4KLUYKLM I 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 1UVGP FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU KO #DUEJPKVV /10'6# 4'+27$Ù 014+/$'4)'0 5+5 Ü Ü ':126#6# &+8 2#: %1' .+ ': /80'4' 8'0+6 Ü FKG ,CJTGU\CJN KUV CNU %JTQPQITCOO KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV FCTIGUVGNNV (TKGFGPUIÌVVKP OKV ¤N\YGKI WPF /GTMWTUVCD UVGJV X X CWH 5QEMGN FCTCWH /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP )(0Ü )GQTI (TKGFTKEJ 0ÒTPDGTIGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI WPVGP \W FGP 5GKVGP \YGK )GPKGP OKV 2CNO\YGKIGP WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP (D -GNNPGT #PO 2CZ KP 0WOOKU \W 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 4CPFCDDTWEJ ITCXKGTVG 8GT\KGTWPIGP KO 4CPFDGTGKEJ UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &GT (TKGFG XQP 4KLUYKLM XQO 5GRVGODGT DGGPFGVG FGP 2H·N\KUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI FGT ICP\ 'WTQRC KP /KVNGKFGPUEJCHV IG\QIGP JCVVG .WFYKI :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ UEJNQ (TKGFGP OKV )TQDTKVCPPKGP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP 5RCPKGP UQYKG OKV -CKUGT WPF 4GKEJ &KG 4GKEJUUVCFV 0ÒTPDGTI FKG KJTGO (TKGFGPUYWPUEJ UEJQP Y·JTGPF FGU &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU FWTEJ \CJNTGKEJG 2T·IWPIGP #WUFTWEM XGTNKGJGP JCVVG HGKGTVG OKV FGO JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP RTCEJVXQNNGP 5GEJUFWMCVGPUVÒEM FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT $GGPFKIWPI FGU -TKGIGU FGT CWEJ KP (TCPMGP IGYÒ VGV XQT CNNGO CDGT ITQG 6GKNG FGU 4JGKPNCPFU XGTYÒUVGV JCVVG
974
975
&WMCVGP .COORT·IWPI I (D -GNNPGT &WMCVGPMNKRRG IGRT·IV .COORT·IWPI I (D -GNNPGT
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
127
DEUTSCHLAND • NÜRNBERG
977
976
&KEMG \YGKHCEJG &WMCVGPMNKRRG IGRT·IV .COORT·IWPI I &TGK XGT\KGTVG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG FCTÒDGT 6CWDG WPVGP FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP +/( ,QJCPP /CTVKP (ÌTUVGT /ÒP\ OGKUVGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI .COO OKV (TKGFGPUHCJPG UVGJV CWH 'TFJCNDMWIGN (D \W -GNNPGT 5NI 'TNCPIGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
&WMCVGPMNKRRG IGRT·IV .COORT·IWPI I (D -GNNPGT
978
8QT\ÒINKEJ
979
980
&WMCV IGRT·IV .COORT·IWPI I (D -GNNPGT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCVGPMNKRRG .COORT·IWPI I (D -GNNPGT
8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV HÒT -CKUGT -CTN 8+ I (D -GNNPGT 4 /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
981
982
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ + I )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV FCU IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP .QVJTKPIGP 6QUMCPC QDGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN KO #DUEJPKVV .')' 8+0&+%' Û 5 Û 5 Û 5KIOWPF 5EJQN\ 9CTFGKP 0 + Û / Û ( Û ,QJCPP /CTVKP (ÌTUVGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTWPVGT FKG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTKPKVKCNGP + Ü . Ü 1' Ü ,QJCPP .GQPJCTF 1GZNGKP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI (D -GNNPGT 5NI 'TNCPIGT 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV Q , CWH FCU 0GWG ,CJT I 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 5ÒFQUVGP (D -GNNPGT C 5EJN .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
983
1,5:1
128
1,5:1
&WMCVGP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 2TGDWTI I 5VCFVCPUKEJV WPVGT UVTCJNGPFGO &TGKGEM WPVGP KO #DUEJPKVV 0ª40$'4) \YKUEJGP FGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP ' 4 'I[FKWU 4ÌUEJ /ÒP\ OGKUVGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI WOJGT 2GTNMTGKU WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\ 6'/214# 01564# 2#6'4 &10#6# 2#%' %1410# .COO )QVVGU OKV (CJPG YQTCWH 2#: \W NGUGP KUV CWH 'TFDCNN \YKUEJGP FGP (ÒGP FGU .COOU FCU 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT\GKEJGP 56 Û 6JQOCU 5VGVVPGT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI WOJGT GDGPHCNNU 2GTNMTGKU WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\ &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
DEUTSCHLAND • OLDENBURG
984
1.&'0$74) )4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 *'4<1)67/ #$ )4155*'4<1)67/
0KEQNCWU (TKGFTKEJ 2GVGT )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 4 -ÌNDGN HÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUV $ÒUVG N 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 5VGTPGPMTCP\ OO I -NKG KP 1NFGPDWTIGT /ÒP\HTGWPFG $CPF 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
985 1,5:1
1,5:1
156(4+'5.#0&
156(4+'5.#0& $+5 <74 $')4ª0&70) &'4 4'+%*5)4#(5%*#(6
7NTKEJ %KTMUGPC CNU *·WRVNKPI FGU 0QTFGTNCPFGU )QNFIWNFGP Q , 0QTFGP I ‡ MOn' i VLrICI i CAP' i In i nOrDA *CTR[GPUEJKNF KP &TGKRC SAnCTe i LV DerVS y ePIS &GT JGKNKIG .WFIGT UVGJV X X OKV UGIPGPFGT 4GEJVGP WPF -TWOOUVCD (D -CRRGNJQHH 6GTICUV 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP 'KP\KIGU PCEJ FGO -TKGIG XQTIGMQOOGPGU 'ZGORNCT CWU FGT 5COONWPI # $WNNGT 1UPCDTÒEM
986
987
156(4+'5.#0& )4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 (ª456'067/
'PPQ + )QNFIWNFGP Q , 'OFGP OKV 6KVGN (TKGFTKEJU +++ I 8CTKCPVG OKV -TGW\ KP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV (D -CRRGNJQHH NGKEJV XCT 44 5GJT UEJÌP
'F\CTF + FGT )TQG )QNFIWNFGP Q , 'OFGP OKV 6KVGN (TKGFTKEJU +++ I /KV 5VTCJNGPMTCP\ \YKUEJGP *CWRV WPF *GKNKIGPUEJGKP FGU 5V ,QJCPPGU (D -CRRGNJQHH -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK UGJT UEJÌP
1,5:1
988 1,5:1
'PPQ ++ )QNFIWNFGP 'OFGP I /ÒP\OGKUVGT *KPTKEJ p '001 Ç %1'5 Ç '6 Ç &05 Ç 2*4+' Ç 14 $TWUVDKNF N OKV (GFGTDCTGVV p +0 Ç &'1 Ç 524# Ç 0 Ç 6+'$1 Ç 3 Ç (# Ç /* *CTR[KGPUEJKNF FCTÒDGT FKG ,CJTGU\CJN (D FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT -CRRGNJQHH 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0CEJ FGO -TKGI GKP\KIGU KO *CPFGN XQTIGMQOOGPGU 'ZGORNCT 5GJT UEJÌP 'TUVOCNKI GKP )TCHGPRQTVT·V CWH GKPGT QUVHTKGUKUEJGP /ÒP\G
129
DEUTSCHLAND • OSTFRIESLAND
989 1,5:1
1,5:1
'F\CTF ++ WPF ,QJCPP )QNFIWNFGP 'OFGP OKV 6KVGN WPF *ÒHVDKNF /CZKOKNKCPU ++ I /ÒP\OGKUVGT &KTM +FGP -TWKVMTGOGT Ù /1 Ù 01 Ù #8 Ù %1 Ù '6 Ù &1 Ù 2*4 Ù 14 $GJGNOVGT *CTR[KGPUEJKNF Û /#: Û ++ Ù 4 Ù +/ Ù 2 Ù (# Ù &'%4'61 Û Û )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHV DKNF /CZKOKNKCPU ++ T OKV IGUEJWNVGTVGO <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN < (D -CRRGNJQHH 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP
990
991
)QNFIWNFGP 'OFGP OKV 6KVGN WPF *ÒHVDKNF 4WFQNHU ++ I /ÒP\OGKUVGT ,QGUV ,CPUUGP $GJGNOVGT *CTR[KGPUEJKNF )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF 4WFQNHU ++ T OKV IGUEJWNVGTVGO <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN < (D -CRRGNJQHH 44 .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
'F\CTF ++ CNNGKP )QNFIWNFGP 'OFGP OKV 6KVGN WPF *ÒHVDKNF 4WFQNHU ++ I /ÒP\OGKUVGT ,QGUV ,CPUUGP $GJGNOVGT *CTR[KGPUEJKNF )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF 4WFQNHU ++ T OKV IGUEJWNVGTVGO <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN (D -CRRGNJQHH 44 5GJT UEJÌP
1,5:1
992 1,5:1
)GQTI #NDTGEJV &WMCV 'UGPU I )'14) Û #.$ Û 24+0 Û '6 &1/ Û (4+5 Û 14+'06 Ü )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T FCTWPVGT FKG 5KIPCVWT - &1/+085 '5' Û 56'& Û '6 9+6/ /KV FGO (ÒTUVGPJWV DGFGEMVGU QXCNGU XGT\KGTVGU UGEJUHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP QDGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FCU IGVGKNVG /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 1 # 1OOQ #NVGPC /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 'UGPU (D -P[RJ 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP &KGU KUV FGT GTUVG &WMCV FGU QUVHTKGUKUEJGP (ÒTUVGP )GQTI #NDTGEJV FGT CWGTFGO PWT PQEJ KP \YGK YGKVGTGP ,CJTGP
WPF &WMCVGP OKV GKPGO XGT·PFGTVGP /ÒP\DKNF RT·IGP NKG 9·JTGPF FKG DGKFGP UR·VGTGP ,CJTI·PIG \W FGP DGIGJTVGP 5GNVGPJGKVGP WPVGT FGP QUVHTKGUKUEJGP 2T·IWPIGP \·JNGP KUV FGT XQTNKGIGPFG GTUVG &WMCVGPV[R XQP GZVTGO TCT
993
$+567/
130
2#&'4$140
9KNJGNO #PVQP XQP FGT #UUGDWTI 6CNGT 0GWJCWU I $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIG NGIVGO *GTOGNKP WPF 2GMVQTCNMTGW\ 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF CWH IGMTÌPVGO *GTOGNKP OCPVGN FCJKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V \W FGP 5GKVGP FGU 9CRRGPU FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP #Ü 5Ü ,QJCPP #PVQP 5EJTÌFGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP *CPPQXGT WPF 0GWJCWU (D 5EJYGFG 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • PFALZ
994
995
1,5:1
2(#.<
2(#.< -74(ª456'067/
4WRTGEJV + )QNFIWNFGP Q , $CEJCTCEJ (NQTGPVKPGT 6[R I (D 5NI /GOOGUJ )GYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
2(#.< 0'7$74) *'4<1)67/
1VVQ *GKPTKEJ WPF 2JKNKRR )QNFIWNFGP 0GWDWTI I 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP KP &TGKRC QDGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN /CFQPPC OKV FGO -KPF CWH FGO #TO WPF <GRVGT KP FGT .KPMGP CWH /QPFUKEJGN WOJGT 5VTCJNGPMTCP\ (D 5NI /GOOGUJ 5NI 0QUU ++ 44 5GJT UEJÌP
996
997
997
4')'05$74)
56#&6
&WMCVGP Q , OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ + I 5VTCJNGPFGT )QVVGUPCOG ÒDGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP (TCP\ + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ CO #TOCDUEJPKVV FKG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTKPKVKCNGP + . 1'
,QJCPP .GQPJCTF 1GZNGKP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT KP 4GIGPUDWTI WPF 0ÒTPDGTI $GEMGPD ++ (D /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV Q , OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ ++ I $GEMGPD (D /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
998
999
41561%-
56#&6
)QNFIWNFGP OKV 6KVGN XQP /CVVJKCU I )TGKH N )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGT $TWUV (D -WP\GN # C NGKEJV XCT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ ++ I (D -WP\GN # C
1000
5#%*5'0 -74(ª456'067/
8QT\ÒINKEJ
1001
5#%*5'0
,QJCPP )GQTI + &WMCV 5QRJKGPFWMCV 2T·IWPI CWU FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV I (D \W 5NI /GTUGD 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV 5QRJKGPFWMCV 2T·IWPI CWU FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV I (D \W 5NI /GTUGD 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
131
DEUTSCHLAND • SACHSEN
1002
1003
1003
&WMCVGP &TGUFGP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP I $TWUVDKNF ,QJCPP )GQTIU + T KO -WTQTPCV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU 5EJYGTV UEJWNVGTPF WPVGP 9CRRGP $TWUVDKNF (TKGFTKEJ FGU 9GKUGP T KO -WTQTPCV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU 5EJYGTV UEJWNVGTPF WPVGP 9CRRGP (D 5NI /GTUGD
XIN 5NI 9JKVKPI XIN 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV $TQUEJKGTURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
&WMCV &TGUFGP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP I (D 5NI /GTUGD 5NI 9JKVKPI .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
1005
1004
&WMCVGP &TGUFGP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT ªDGTICDG FGT #WIUDWTIGT -QPHGUUKQP I (D 5NI /GTUGD 5NI 9JKVKPI (CUUWPIUURWTGP NGKEJV ÒDGTCTDGKVGV UGJT UEJÌP
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG &WMCV Q , %QUGNFWMCV 5RKGNLGVQP CWU FGT <GKV FGT )T·HKP %QUGN I 5NI /GTUGD FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1006 1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCVGP &TGUFGP I -WTHÒTUV UVGJV T PGDGP GKPGO 6KUEJ OKV +PUKIPKGP &KG XGTDWPFGPGP 9CRRGP FGU 'T\OCTUEJCNNCOVGU WPF 5CEJUGPU OKV .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI XGT\KGTV QDGP -WTJWV (D 5NI /GTUGD 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
1008 1007
1009
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ &WMCV &TGUFGP CWH FCU 8KMCTKCV I (D 5NI /GTUGD 8QT\ÒINKEJ
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV +++ + &WMCV &TGUFGP I $WEM F (D 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV &TGUFGP I $WEM K (D
132
8QT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • SACHSEN
1011
1010
&WMCV &TGUFGP CWH FCU 8KMCTKCV I $WEM (D &WMCV &TGUFGP I $WEM F (D
1012
1013
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1014
6CNGT #WIWUV F QT +'% I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP UEJÌPUVGT 'TJCNVWPI 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV 5)* I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\
5#%*5'0 -¤0+)4'+%*
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + &WMCV 5)* I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1015
1016
1016
6CNGT &QRRGNVGT #WIWUV F QT +)5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
8QT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT #WIWUV F QT +)5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 4 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKP LWUVKGTV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1018
1017
1019
&WMCV +)5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 6CNGT 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
6CNGT 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 9KP\ 2TQDKGTURWT CO 4CPF FGPPQEJ UGJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
133
DEUTSCHLAND • SACHSEN
1021
1020
1020
#PVQP &WMCV 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
6CNGT 5 I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
1022
1023
44 5GJT UEJÌP
1024
1025
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ &WMCV ) &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT ) I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
6CNGT ) I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
6CNGT ( I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1027 1026
1028
,QJCPP 8GTGKPUMTQPG $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5#%*5'0 %1$74) '+5'0#%* *'4<1)67/
,QJCPP 'TPUV &WMCV %QDWTI I (D -Q\KPQYUMK 1VVQ 4W /KP IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
5#%*5'0 /'+0+0)'0 *'4<1)67/ 810 $+5 5#%*5'0 %1$74) /'+0+0)'0 134
-CTN &WMCV CWH UGKPG *QEJ\GKV OKV .WKUG XQP 5VQNDGTI )GFGTP I (D 5NI /GTUGD 4 .GKEJV IGYGNNV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
DEUTSCHLAND • SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE
1029
1030
1030
5%*#7/$74) .+22' 5%*#7/$74) .+22' )4#(5%*#(6 5'+6 (ª456'067/
9KNJGNO (TKGFTKEJ 'TPUV &WMCV $ÒEMGDWTI I -QRH N $GJGNOVGU XKGT HGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF CWH \YGK IGMTGW\VGP /CTUEJCNNUV·DGP (D 9GKPO 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
)QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC $CTDCTC 'NGQPQTG \WT .KRRG $GKFGT UGKVU 5EJTKHV OO I 9GKPO 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
+P FGT .KVGTCVWT KUV GKPG )QNFOGFCKNNG CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP PKEJV XGT\GKEJPGV CWEJ KP FGT 5COONWPI 9GYGNGT ICD GU MGKP 8QTMQOOGP &KG XQO $KNF XGTINGKEJDCTGP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\GOGFCKNNGP UKGJG 9GKPO UQYKG WPUGTG #WMVKQP 0T WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ FGWVNKEJ FWTEJ KJTG )TÌUUG XQP EC OO
1032
1031
1033
5%*.'5+'0 .+')0+6< $4+') *'4<1)67/
,QJCPP %JTKUVKCP WPF )GQTI 4WFQNH &WMCV 4GKEJGPUVGKP I &KG IGJCTPKUEJVGP $TWUVDKNFGT GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP FCTÒDGT (ÒTUVGPJWV (D ( W 5 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
)GQTI +++ .WFYKI WPF %JTKUVKCP &WMCV ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV $TKGI I (D ( W 5 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
&WMCV $TKGI I (D ( W 5
1035
1034
8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
1035
&WMCVGP $TKGI I &TGK IGJCTPKUEJVG *ÒHVDKNFGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X KO #DUEJPKVV 8GT\KG TWPIGP &TGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU QXCNGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP (D ( W 5 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &WMCV $TKGI I /KV QXCNGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF (D ( W 5 9KP\ .QEJ GVYCU IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
135
DEUTSCHLAND • SCHLESIEN
1036
1037
%JTKUVKCP &WMCVGP $TKGI I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #FNGT FCTÒDGT -WTJWV (D ( W 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (CUUWPIUURWTGP 4CPF WPF (GNFGT ÒDGTCTDGKVGV HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
)GQTI 9KNJGNO )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP 5 -QNNGT CWH UGKPGP 6QF )GJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FCTWPVGT 5- 5COWGN -QNNGT )QNFUEJOKGF KP $TKGI <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I ( W 5 44 .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP
1038
1039
1039
/ª056'4$'4) 1'.5 *'4<1)67/
,QCEJKO *GKPTKEJ ++ ,QJCPP WPF )GQTI &WMCV 4GKEJGPUVGKP #WUDGWVG FGT 4GKEJGPUVGKPGT )TWDGP I 8GT\KGTVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF QDGP FKG ,CJTGU \CJN &GT JGKNKIG %JTKUVQRJGTWU OKV FGO ,GUWUMKPF CWH FGO #TO UVGJV X X (D ( W 5 /ÒUGNGT .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
, )'40&14( *'4<1)67/
,QJCPP )GQTI 1XCNGT IQNFGPGT )PCFGPRHGPPKI WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP /CVVJ·WU %CTN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT IGMTÌPVG DTCPFGP DWTIKUEJG #FNGTUEJKNF \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI Z OO I $TQEMOCPP ( W 5 *CDKEJ ++ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 1TKIKPCNIW UGJT UEJÌPG #TDGKV
,QJCPP )GQTI 9QNOKTUVGFV YCT FGT 5QJP FGU -WTRTKP\GP ,QCEJKO (TKGFTKEJ WPF FGUUGP )GOCJNKP -CVJCTKPC XQP $TCPFGPDWTI -ÒUVTKP YWTFG GT GXCPIGNKUEJGT &QOJGTT KP 5VTCDWTI WPF $KUEJQH 0CEJ UGKPGO 8GT\KEJV CWH $TCPFGPDWTI UVCVVGVG OCP KJP OKV FGO *GT\QIVWO ,·IGTPFQTH WPF FGP *GTTUEJCHVGP 1FGTDGTI WPF $GWVJGP CWU #O ,WPK XGTO·JNVG GT UKEJ OKV 'XC %JTKUVKPG 6QEJVGT ,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJU + XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI ,QJCPP )GQTI UVCTD CO /·T\ KO (GNFNCIGT .GWVUEJCW WPF YWTFG KP -CUEJCW DGKIGUGV\V
1040
1041
).#6< *'4<1)67/
'TPUV XQP $C[GTP &WMCV 5CN\DWTI I &GT IGMTÌPVG DÌJOKUEJG .ÌYG N &KG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP 2HCN\ $C[GTP WPF )NCV\ WPVGP \W FGP 5GKVGP 8GT\KGTWPIGP QDGP ,CJTGU\CJN (D ( W 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N -PKEMURWT UGJT UEJÌP
5%*9'+&0+6< 70& ,#7'4 (ª456'067/
$QNMQ ++ XQP /ÒPUVGTDGTI )QNFIWNFGP PCEJ (NQTGPVKPGT 6[R Q , 5EJYGKFPKV\ I BOLCO ¤ D VX ¤ SWÓD .KNKG S IOHa yyESB º 5V ,QJCPPGU UVGJV X X OKV UGIPGPFGT 4GEJVGP WPF -TGW\UVCD (D (TKGFGPUDWTI 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV /KP IGYGNNV MN (GJNUVGNNGP KO 5EJTÌVNKPI UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV 0T
136
DEUTSCHLAND • STOLBERG
1042
/'&#+..'0
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP , -KVVGN CWH FKG 9CUUGTPQV KP 5EJNGUKGP #TEJG CWH JQJGT 5GG FCTÒDGT 6CWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI 1RHGTU\GPG FCTÒDGT 4GIGPDQIGP OO I ( W 5 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1043
1044
5%*.'59+) *1.56'+0 -¤0+).+%* & 0+5%*'4 #06'+.
(TKGFTKEJ 8+ (TKGFTKEJU F QT #NVQPC I (D FQTV WPVGT &·PGOCTM *GFG # .CPIG 5EJN FQTV WPVGT &·PGOCTM -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
%JTKUVKCP 8+++ %JTKUVKCP F QT #NVQPC I (D FQTV WPVGT &·PGOCTM *GFG D .CPIG 5EJN FQTV WPVGT &·PGOCTM 9KP\ -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1045
1046
1045
5%*9 $+5%* *#..
56#&6
&WMCV CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP $CFGP I (D 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 4CHH 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
&WMCV OKV 6KVGN XQP (TCP\ + I (D 4CHH C 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1049 1048
1047
561.$'4) 561.$'4) 9'40+)'41&' )4#(5%*#(6
%JTKUVKCP 'TPUV &WMCV ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV 5VQNDGTI I (D (TKGFGTKEJ .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
*GKPTKEJ &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
561.$'4) 561.$'4) 70& 561.$'4) 4155.# )4#(5%*#(6'0
%JTKUVQH .WFYKI ++ KP 5VQNDGTI 5VQNDGTI &WMCV Q , 5VQNDGTI I (D (TKGFGTKEJ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
137
DEUTSCHLAND • TRIER
1051
1050
%JTKUVQH .WFYKI ++ WPF (TKGFTKEJ $QVJQ &WMCV 5VQNDGTI I (D (TKGFGTKEJ .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
6*740 70& 6#:+5
(ª456'0
#NDGTV &WMCVGPHÌTOKIG )QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV 4GIGPU DWTI \W UGKPGT 8QNNL·JTKIMGKV &CU OKV FGO (ÒTUVGPJWV DGNGIVG 9CRRGP 5VGORGN FGU &WMCVGP XQP (D <YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ÒDGT 5VGTP KP 'KEJGPMTCP\ WOJGT *1/#)+8/ 4#6+5$10' OO I 5NI 9WTUVGT 5VGORGNINCP\
1052
'4<$+567/
1053
64+'4
9GTPGT XQP (CNMGPUVGKP )QNFIWNFGP Q , -QDNGP\ I (D 0QUU 5GJT UEJÌP
1VVQ XQP <KGIGPJCKP )QNFIWNFGP Q , -QDNGP\ I (D 0QUU F I 4 5GJT UEJÌP
1054
1,5:1
1,5:1
(TCP\ )GQTI XQP 5EJÌPDQTP 2ÒEJJGKO 9QNHUVJCN &WMCV -QDNGP\ 'JTGPDTGKV UVGKP I (4#0 Ü )'14) Ü & Ü ) Ü # '2 Ü '6 '. Ü 64 Û '2 Ü 914 Û 2 Ü 24 Û '. Û # Û 2 $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP FCTWPVGT 8 .10 (TCP\ #PVQP XCP .QP *QHITCXGWT WPF -WRHGTUVGEJGT KP 'JTGPDTGKVUVGKP $QPP WPF -ÌNP #852+%' &'1 )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP KP OWUEJGNCTVKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI XQP \YGK IGMTÌPVGP .ÌYGP IGJCNVGP FGT NKPMG .ÌYG J·NV GKP 5EJYGTV FGT TGEJVG GKPGP -TWOOUVCD QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG WPVGP CWH GKPGO $CPF 241 .')' 241 )4')' FCTWPVGT ,CJTGU\CJN WPF FKG /ÒP\OGKUVGTDWEJUVCDGP &( &CPKGN (TKVUEJ /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP -QDNGP\ (D X 5EJT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJFGO 2HCN\ITCH (TCP\ .WFYKI XQP 0GWDWTI \WIWPUVGP FGU /CKP\GT 5VWJNGU TGUKIPKGTV JCVVG IGNCPIVG OKV (TCP\ )GQTI XQP 5EJÌPDQTP 2ÒEJJGKO 9QNHUVJCN GKP TGEJV GPGTIKUEJGT 4GIGPV CWH FGP 6TKGTGT $KUEJQHUUVWJN &GT 0GHHG FGU /CKP\GT 'T\DKUEJQHU .QVJCT (TCP\ XQP 5EJÌPDQTP DGGPFGVG FGP CNVGP 5VTGKV OKV FGO PKGFGTGP #FGN KPFGO GT KJP HQTOGNN CWU FGT .CPFUVCPFUEJCHV KP FKG 4GKEJUWPOKVVGNDCTMGKV GPVNKG 9KG FKG CPFGTGP /KVINKGFGT UGKPGT (COKNKG HÌTFGTVG FGT -WTHÒTUV FKG -ÒPUVG WPF FKG $CWV·VKIMGKV 5GKPG TGKEJURCVTKQVKUEJG 2QNKVKM DTCEJVG XKGN 7PTWJG KP FGP -WTUVCCV WPF HÒJTVG CWEJ \WO #WUDCW XQP 8GTVGKFKIWPIUYGTMGP YKG FGT (GUVWPI 'JTGPDTGKVUVGKP &GT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT FGU XQTNKGIGPFGP UGNVGPGP &WMCVGP (TCP\ #PVQP XCP .QP CTDGKVGVG PCEJ #PUVGNNWPIGP KP $QPP WPF -ÌNP XQP KP FGT -QDNGP\GT /ÒP\G
138
DEUTSCHLAND • WALLENSTEIN
1055
1,5:1
1055
9#..'056'+0
#NDTGEJV *GT\QI XQP (TKGFNCPF &WMCV ,KVUEJKP I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPVGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP 5QPPG KP -NCOOGTP )GQTI 4GKEM /ÒP\ OGKUVGT KP ,KVUEJKP )GMTÌPVGT 5EJKNF FCTKP IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV XKGTHGNFKIGO 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV (D 0QJGLNQX± 2T±VQX± 44 5GJT UEJÌP 0CEJFGO #NDTGEJV XQP 9CNNGPUVGKP DGTGKVU *GT\QI XQP (TKGFNCPF WPF *GT\QI XQP 5CICP IGYQTFGP YCT HÒJTVGP UGKPG OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'THQNIG KO &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI FC\W FC GT CO ,WPK FKG *GT\QIVÒOGT /GEMNGPDWTI CNU MCKUGTNKEJGU .GJGP GTJKGNV 0CEJ FGT .CPFWPI FGU 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU )WUVCX ++ #FQNH YWTFGP FKG OGEMNGPDWTIKUEJGP *GT\ÌIG TGUVKVWKGTV &GT MCKUGTNKEJG (GNFJGTT 9CNNGPUVGKP FGT OKNKV·TKUEJGU )GUEJKEM WPF 9GKV DNKEM YKG CWEJ DNKPFGP 5VQN\ 'JTIGK\ WPF 7PVTGWG XGTMÌTRGTVG JCVVG DGTGKVU FCU /ÒP\TGEJV GTJCNVGP 'T YWTFG CO (GDTWCT CWH MCKUGTNKEJGP $GHGJN KP 'IGT GTOQTFGV WPF FGT ITÌVG 6GKN UGKPGT 2T·IWPIGP YWTFG MQPHKU \KGTV WPF GKPIGUEJOQN\GP
1056
&WMCVGP ,KVUEJKP I #.$'46 Û & Û ) Û &8: Û /')# (4+& Û '6 Û 5#) Û 24 Û 8#0 )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF KO /CPVGN HCUV X X QDGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT\GKEJGP 4QUGVVG \YKUEJGP 4CPMGP
-QPTCF (TGKDÌUGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT KP ,KVUEJKP WPVGP /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP .ÌYG N KP 2GTNMTGKU 5GDCUVKCP 5VGKPOÒNNGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP ,KVUEJKP %1/ Ù 58' Û &1 Ù 415 Ù '6 Û 56#4)#4 Ù /KV (ÒTUVGPJWV DGFGEMVGU FTGK\GJPHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU QDGP FCU 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT\GKEJGP XQP -QPTCF (TGKDÌUGP (D 0QJGLNQX± 2T±VQX± 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
1057
-¤0+)4'+%*
1058
1059
9'56(#.'0
*KGTQP[OWU 0CRQNGQP (TCPMGP % /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP #FNGTMQRH WPF OKV 4CPFKP UEJTKHV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
(TCPMGP % /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP #FNGTMQRH WPF OKV 4CPFKPUEJTKHV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
(TCPMGP % /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP #FNGTMQRH WPF OKV 4CPFKPUEJTKHV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
139
DEUTSCHLAND • WESTFALEN
1061 1060
1062
(TCPMGP % /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP #FNGTMQRH WPF OKV 4CPFKPUEJTKHV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
6CNGT $ I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT /KP LWUVKGTV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
914/5
56#&6
)QNFIWNFGP I (D ,QUGRJ
1,5:1
5EJTÌVNKPIUTK UGJT UEJÌP
1063 1,5:1
9ª466'/$'4) 9ª466'/$'4) *'4<1)67/ 5'+6 -¤0+)4'+%*
'DGTJCTF .WFYKI &WMCV Q , PCEJ 5VWVVICTV I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (ÒPHHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF (D -NGKP 4CHH 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
'DGTJCTF .WFYKI YWTFG KO ,CJT KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP XQP -CKUGT .GQRQNF HÒT XQNNL·JTKI GTMN·TV WPF ÒDGT PCJO FKG 4GIKGTWPI XQP UGKPGO 1PMGN WPF 8QTOWPF (TKGFTKEJ -CTN &GT *GT\QI MQOOCPFKGTVG KO 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI \GKVYGKNKI FKG 4GKEJUVTWRRGP WPF \GKEJPGVG UKEJ DGUQPFGTU KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP *ÌEJUV·FV CWU 5GKPG OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'THQNIG YWTFGP ÒDGTUEJCVVGV XQP FGT PGDGPGJGNKEJGP .KGDGUDG\KGJWPI \WT .CPFJQHOGKUVGTKP 9KNJGNOKPG XQP )TCGXGPKV\ FKG GT KO ,WNK QDYQJN OKV GKPGT DCFKUEJGP /CTMIT·HKP IGVTCWV UQICT JGKTCVGVG 7O UKEJ FGT UV·PFKIGP -QPVTQNNG FWTEJ FKG KP 5VWVVICTV VCIGPFGP 5V·PFG \W GPV\KGJGP XGTNGIVG GT UGKPG 4GUKFGP\ PCEJ .WFYKIUDWTI YQ GT UGKV FCU RT·EJVKIG 5EJNQ IGDCWV JCVVG
1,5:1
140
1064 1,5:1
-CTN 'WIGP &WMCV Q , WO 5VWVVICTV I %#41.85 & Ù ) Ù &8: 9746 Ù 6 Ù )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF 2418+&' '6 Û %1056#06'4 8KGTHGNFKIGU XGT\KGTVGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF WPVGT (ÒTUVGPJWV FCTWPVGT FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP Û 4 Û ,QJCPP 2GVGT 4CUR /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 5VWVVICTV (D -NGKP 4CHH 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -CDKPGVVUVÒEM (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
DEUTSCHLAND • WÜRTTEMBERG
1065
1,5:1
1,5:1
(TKGFTKEJ ++ + &WMCV I (4+&'4+%75 & Ü ) Ü 4': 9746'/$ Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT .ÌYG WPF *KTUEJ JCNVGP FCU IGMTÌPVG \YGKHGNFKIG 9CRRGP KO #DUEJPKVV ,CJTGU\CJN FCTWPVGT FCU /ÒP\OGKUVGT\GKEJGP % Û * Û ,QJCPP %JTKUVKCP *GWINKP /ÒP\OGKUVGT KP 5VWVVICTV &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1066
1,5:1
1,5:1
9KNJGNO + &WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1067
1068
1068
&WMCV I &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN
5GJT UEJÌP
&WMCVGP XQP 8QKIV CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO I /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV 8+'4 &7%#6'0 \YKUEJGP 8GT\KGTWPIGP &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT
1069
&WMCV I /KV FGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTKPKVKCNGP #& #WIWUV &KGVGNDCEJ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG &KXQ 5 (D 5EJN 5GJT UEJÌP
141
DEUTSCHLAND • WÜRZBURG
1070
1070 1,5:1
9ª4<$74)
$+567/
%JTKUVQRJ (TCP\ XQP *WVVGP &WMCVGP Q , 9ÒT\DWTI PCEJ FGT 9GKJG I $TWUV DKNF T 5V %JTKUVQRJQTWU OKV FGO %JTKUVWUMKPF CWH FGT 5EJWNVGT 9CPFGTUVCD KP FGT .KPMGP UEJTGKVGV T KO *KPVGTITWPF T 5VCFVCPUKEJV (D *GNOUEJTQVV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1072
1071
1071
&WMCV Q , 9ÒT\DWTI XQT FGT 9GKJG I (D *GNOUEJTQVV
8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
(TCP\ .WFYKI XQP 'TVJCN )QNFIWNFGP 9ÒT\DWTI 0GWLCJTUIQNFIWNFGP I (D *GNOUEJTQVV -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
)1.&/'&#+..'0
1073
1074
/14#.
1074
/+5%'..#0'#
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W GKPGO &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG /CEJV FGT )GYQJPJGKV )TCDGPFGT .CPFOCPP T <YGK -CXCNKGTG UKV\GP GKPCPFGT CO 5RKGNVKUEJ IGIGPÒDGT OO I 5NI )QRRGN
FQTV KP 5KNDGT .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ
)1'6< /'&#+..'0
142
)QNFOGFCKNNG & /ÒPEJGP CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI -QRH XQP *KPFGPDWTIU T N /ÒP\\GKEJGP & <YGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU (COKNKGPYCRRGP FCTÒDGT #FNGTUEJKNF /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;'4 *#726/ª0<#/6 H OO I -KGPCUV 5EJN (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
DEUTSCHLAND • MEDAILLEN
1075
)QNFOGFCKNNG & /ÒPEJGP CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI -QRH XQP *KPFGPDWTIU T N /ÒP\\GKEJGP & <YGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU (COKNKGPYCRRGP FCTÒDGT #FNGTUEJKNF /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;'4 *#726/ª0<#/6 H OO I -KGPCUV XCT 5EJN (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1076
1077
1078
)QNFOGFCKNNG CWH GKP GKIGPUVCCVNKEJGU $C[GTP KO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP XQP \YGK .ÌYGP IGJCNVGP /CFQPPC OKV -KPF CWH FGO #TO WPF <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP CWH 9QNMGP /KV 4CPF RWP\G $#;'4 *#726/ª0<#/6 OO I -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
)QNFOGFCKNNG CWH FKG 6CWHG FGU .WHVUEJKHHGU .< CO )GDWTVUVCI FGU )TCHGP <GRRGNKP $TWUVDKNF FGU )TCHGP JCNDT (COKNKGPYCRRGP FGU *CWUGU <GRRGNKP OKV 'UGNMQRH FCTÒDGT FGT -QRH FGU 9CRRGPVKGTGU HNCPMKGTV XQP \YGK -KPFGTP OKV .WHVDCNNQPU KO *KPVGTITWPF .WHVUEJKHH /KV 4CPFRWP\G $#;'4 *#726/ª0<#/6 ( OO I -CKUGT -KGPCUV (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
.7(6(#*46
)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FKG 9GNVTWPFHCJTV FGU .WHVUEJKHHU .< $ÒUVGP XQP )TCH <GRRGNKP FGO 5EJÌRHGT 'EMGPGT FGO (ÒJTGT WPF &ÒTT FGO 'TDCWGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT N )NQDWU OKV FGP GKPIGVTCIGPGP 5VCVKQPGP WPF &CVGP FGT 4GKUGTQWVG /KV 4CPFRWP\G 24'755 56##65/7'0<' Û )1.& ('+0 OO I -CKUGT XCT 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJ
.165
#WUNCPF +TCP 0CUTGFKP 6QOCP &C\W \YGK QUOCPKUEJG )QNFOÒP\GP +PUIGUCOV I 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
-NGKPG 5COONWPI XQP FKXGTUGP )QNFOÒP\GP OGKUV FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU +PVGTGUUCPVGU 1DLGMV FCU WPDG FKPIV DGUKEJVKIV YGTFGP UQNNVG %C I (GKPIQNF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF DGUUGT
143
RUSSLAND • A. MICHAILOWITSCH
4755+5%*' /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0
1081
-#+5'44'+%*
4755.#0&
#NGZGK /KEJCKNQYKVUEJ 4WDGN 0QXQFGN I -CKO
5GJT UEJÌP
1082
1083
1083
4WDGN I -CKO
,GHKOQM ÒDGTRT·IV CWH GKPGO 4GKEJUVCNGT FGT 5VCFV (TCPMHWTV OKV 6KVGN (GTFKPCPFU +++ I /KV \YGK )GIGPUVGORGNP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 5V )GQTI KO -CORH OKV FGO &TCEJGP ,CJTGU\CJN &CX \W , W ( \W D 5RCUUMK 5GJT UEJÌP
/KV GVYCU $GNCI UGJT UEJÌP
,GHKOQM 2NWTCN ,GHKOKMK YCT FGT CWU FGT RQNPKUEJGP 5RTCEJG ,QCEJKOKM CDIGNGKVGVG TWUUKUEJG #WUFTWEM HÒT 6CNGT &GT 0COG UVCOOV XQP FGP )WNFGPITQUEJGP FKG FKG )TCHGP XQP 5EJNKEM KP FGT DÌJOKUEJGP $GTIUVCFV 5V ,QCEJKOUVCN JGTIGUVGNNV JCVVGP /CP XGTYGPFGVG KP FGP DGKFGP UNCYKUEJGP 5RTCEJGP CNUQ FGP GTUVGP 6GKN FGT WT URTÒPINKEJGP 0QOKPCNDG\GKEJPWPI ,QCEJKOUVCNGT Y·JTGPF KO &GWVUEJGP WPF 'PINKUEJGP 6CNGT &QNNCT FGT \YGKVG 6GKN IGY·JNV YWTFG +O ,CJT YWTFGP KP 4WNCPF XGTUEJKGFGPG XQT CNNGO FGWVUEJG WPF PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG 6CNGT OKV GKPGO )GIGPUVGORGN XGTUGJGP &KGUG 5VÒEMG YWTFGP ,GHKOQM U RTK\PCMQO IG\GKEJPGVGT ,GHKOQM QFGT GKPHCEJ MWT\ ,GHKOQM IGPCPPV &KG IGIGPIGUVGORGNVGP 6CNGT MQPPVGP UKEJ LGFQEJ PKEJV KO <CJNWPIUXGTMGJT FWTEJUGV \GP WPF YWTFGP HÒT WPIÒNVKI GTMN·TV &C FKG OGKUVGP 5VÒEMG YQJN GKPIGUEJOQN\GP YWTFGP UKPF ,GHKOKMK JGWVG TGEJV UGNVGP WPF \·JNGP \W FGP DGIGJTVGUVGP /ÒP\GP 4WNCPFU
1084
,GHKOQM ÒDGTRT·IV CWH GKPGO 4GKEJUVCNGT FGT 2TQXKP\ )GNFGTP I /KV \YGK )GIGP UVGORGNP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG .ÌYG N OKV 5EJYGTV ,CJTGU\CJN &CX \W &GNO \W 5RCUUMK 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )KGUUGPGT /ÒP\JCPFNWPI /ÒPEJGP 0T
144
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1086
1085
1085
2GVGT + FGT )TQG 4WDGNHÌTOKIG UKNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG (GDTWCT M[TKN NKUEJ /QUMCW )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGN CFNGT KP FGP (·PIGP <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN QDGP ITQG -TQPG OO I $KVMKP
FQTV KP )QNF &KCMQX 4 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
-W 2QNWUEJMC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4
1087
1089
5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
1088
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TDCWWPI FGT (GUVWPI -TQPUEJNQ DGK -TQPUVCFV #PUKEJV FGU 5EJNQUUGU 5QPPG WPF 9QNMGP ÒDGT FGO DCNVKUEJGP /GGT OKV \YGK 5GIGNUEJKHHGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF /KPGTXC FKG CWH GKPG /ÌYG KP KJTGO 0GUV \GKIV OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
2GVGT + FGT )TQG NKG CWH FGT KO (KPPKUEJGP /GGTDWUGP FKTGMV XQT 5V 2GVGTUDWTI NKGIGPFGP +PUGN -QVNKP FKG IGYCN VKIG (GUVWPI -TQPUEJNQ GTTKEJVGP WO UGKPG 5VCFV XQT #PITKHHGP XQP FGT /GGTUGKVG \W UEJÒV\GP &GT <CT YQNNVG CWH FGT +PUGN GKPG 8QT\GKIGUVCFV GKP \YGKVGU #OUVGTFCO GTTKEJVGP 0CEJ FGO 6QF FGU <CTGP IGTKGVGP FKG $CWCTDGKVGP LGFQEJ \WP·EJUV KPU 5VQEMGP WPF YWTFGP GTUV PCEJ GKPGT UEJYGTGP ªDGTUEJYGOOWPI HQTVIGUGV\V &KG (GUVWPI -TQPUVCFV JKPFGTVG PKEJV PWT FKG 5EJYGFGP KO 0QTFKUEJGP -TKGI UQPFGTP CWEJ FKG &GWVUEJGP KO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI CO <WICPI \W 5V 2GVGTUDWTI
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GR VGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXG TKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 4 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )KGUUGPGT /ÒP\JCPFNWPI /ÒPEJGP 0T
4WDGN 2QNVKPC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
145
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1090
1090 1,5:1
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP $KVMKP
4 &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 4 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 9 (WEJU #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U XQO 0T
1092
1093
1091
1091
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ì Ä CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP 4 &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 4 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
-QRGMGP #NV[P M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
-QRGMGP #NV[P M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP
ex 1094
1096
5GJT UEJÌP
1097
1096
-W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW $KVMKP XCT XCT 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF UEJÌP
-W &GPIC -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ Z M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW $KVMKP 4 Z 5VÒEM 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 5 44 -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
146
-W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÌÄ. $KVMKP $TGMMG 5 &KCMQX XCT 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
ex 1099
1098
-W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÌÄ $KVMKP $TGMMG 5 &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
-W &GPIC -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW $KVMKP HH HH 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
1100
4WDGN /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 4 44 'VYCU ÒDGTCTDGKVGV UGJT UEJÌP
1101
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 4 44 *GPMGNURWT IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP
-QRGMG 6TQRHMQRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW -CKO 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
1103 1104
1104
-W 2QNWUEJMC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK .GUPC[C CO 5GRVGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 2GVGT + HCUV X X CWH GKPGO URTKPIGPFGP 2HGTF KPOKVVGP GKPGT 5EJNCEJVU\GPG QDGP \W FGP 5GKVGP \YGK 'PIGN FKG GKPG -TQPG ÒDGT UGKP *CWRV JCNVGP OO I &KCMQX +XGTUGP ::+++ C 4 /KP 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
147
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1105
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 5 )QWKP XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP TWUUK UEJGP #FOKTCN (GQFQT #RTCZKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU #FOKTCNU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT 5GIGNUEJKHHG CWH 5GG KO *KPVGTITWPF T 5EJNCEJVU\GPG CP .CPF OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1107
1106
-W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH )TKXPC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌP 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK UGJT UEJÌP
1108
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TQDG TWPI XQP 'NDKPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP (GUVWPIURNCP XQP 'NDKPI KO 8QTFGTITWPF N (NWIQVV OKV 3WGNNWTPG WPF TWUUKUEJGT 5QNFCV OO I &WV MQYUMK 5WEJCPGM &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1109
148
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TQDG TWPI XQP .KXNCPF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN *GTMWNGU MPKGV X X WPF VT·IV GKPGP )NQDWU CWH UGKPGP 5EJWNVGTP CWH FGO )NQDWU UKPF FKG 0COGP FGT GTQDGTVGP 5V·FVG XGTOGTMV OO I &KCMQX -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT CO 4CPF HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1110
1111
-W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH -W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
1112
4WDGN /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FCTWPVGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP ) )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 4 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
1114
1115
ex 1113
1116
ex 1113
-W -QRGMG M[TKNNKUEJ M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW $KVMKP HH HH 5VÒEM (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1- CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF . CWH FGO $GKP FGU &QRRGNCFNGTU $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 4 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1- CO #TOCDUEJPKVV $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
#VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
149
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1118
ex 1117
-QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM /QUMCW $KVMKP HH &C\W GKP YGKVGTGU -QRGMGP 5VÒEM
)TKXGPPKM ,CJTGU\CJN PKEJV NGUDCT 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUUG UGJT UEJÌP
-QRGMGP #NV[P M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH
5GJT UEJÌP
-QRGMGP #NV[P M[TKNNKUEJ M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW $KVMKP HH 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
1121
1120
1122
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I 1JPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF QJPG 5RCPIG CWH FGO /CPVGN $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 4 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1- CO #TOCDUEJPKVV $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1- CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF FGT ,CJTGU\CJN KP FGT 4CPFUEJTKHV $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1125
1123
1124
4WDGN 2QNVKPC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4
4WDGN 2QNVKPC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV #.:+'8+%* FCU ' HGJNV KP FGT 8QT FGTUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV $KVMKP 4 &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
-W 2QNWUEJMC M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH -W 2QNWUEJMC /QUMCW $KVMKP HH
150
5GJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌP 5VÒEM (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1127
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP /KV -TQPG \YKUEJGP 2WPM VGP ÒDGT FGO $TWUVDKNF $KVMKP &CX 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1128
1129
1130
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1- CO #TOCDUEJPKVV $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I 5RGEKCN 'CING /KV ITQGT -TQPG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP C 4 7\FGPKMQX 4 9KP\ -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1131
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1- CO #TOCDUEJPKVV I $KVMKP &CX *GPMGNURWT WPF \WO 6GKN PCEJITCXKGTV UEJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
151
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1132
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP (TKG FGP XQP 0GWUVCFV OKV FGP 5EJYGFGP #TEJG CWH 5GG FCTÒDGT (TKGFGPUVCWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG FWTEJ GKPGP 4GIGPDQIGP OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPGP 5V·FVG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 5VQEMJQNO <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &KCMQX *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1133
1134
1135
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP - CWH FGO *CTPKUEJ WPF OKV MNGKPGT 4QUGVVG ÒDGT FGO -QRH $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 4 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP - CWH FGO *CTPKUEJ WPF OKV ITQGT 4QUGVVG ÒDGT FGO -QRH $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
1136
152
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP - CWH FGO *CTPKUEJ WPF OKV ITQGT 4QUGVVG ÒDGT FGO -QRH $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1137
1138
4WDGN M[TKNNKUEJ /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4WDGN 5G XGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 4GUVG CNVGT 8GTIQNFWPI UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX
-N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1139
1140
1140
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 (D )1.& (CUUWPIUURWTGP MN 2TQDKGTURWT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH &CX
1141
1142
5GJT UEJÌP
1143
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
/GJTGTG 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
153
RUSSLAND • PETER I.
1144
1145
1146
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX #O 4CPF WPF KP FGP (GNFGTP UVCTM DGCTDGKVGV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX
1147
1148
5GJT UEJÌP -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
1149
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI 5QPPGPTWDGN I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT IGMTÌPVG /QPQITCOOG KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGT /KVVG UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG \YKUEJGP FGT IGVGKNVGP ,CJTGU\CJN $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 4 /KP 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI 5QPPGPTWDGN I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT IGMTÌPVG /QPQITCOOG KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGT /KVVG UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG \YKUEJGP FGT IGVGKNVGP ,CJTGU\CJN /KV MNGKPGO -TGW\ ÒDGT FGO -QRH $KVMKP 4 &CX &KC MQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT IGMTÌPVG /QPQITCOOG KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGT /KVVG UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG \YKUEJGP FGT IGVGKNVGP ,CJTGU\CJN $KVMKP NGKEJV XCT &CX 4 9KP\ &TWEMUVGNNG KO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP
154
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA I.
1151
1150
1150
4WDGN 2QNVKPC /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4
-CVJCTKPC + 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5G XGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
1152
)GNQEJV HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
1153
1154
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX $GTKGDGP MN -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
1155
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
1156
5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
#VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT
155
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA I.
1157
1158
1158
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT &CX &KCMQX XCT 2QTVT·VXCTKCPVG YKG 0T XQP 7\FGPKMQX 44 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
&KG XQTNKGIGPFG 2QTVT·VXCTKCPVG KUV KO $KVMKP PKEJV CWHIGHÒJTV
-W -QRGMGP /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH
1159
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1161
1160
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 2GVTQX 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1162
156
-W -QRGMGP /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH -W -QRGMGP /QUMCW I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH
4 5GJT UEJÌP 4 )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP
1163
1164
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA I.
1165
1166
1166
2GVGT ++ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPK MQX 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
<KPPOGFCKNNG XQP 1 -CNCUJPKMQX WPF $ / CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP /QUMCW )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUV DKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGT 1TFGPUMGVVG #NVCT OKV -TÌPWPIUKPUKIPKGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I &KCMQX -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1167
1168
1170
1169
1170
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
-TCV\GT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMG /QUMCW I $KVMKP HH
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
157
RUSSLAND • ANNA
1171
1173
4WDGN /QUMCW I 2QTVT·VV[R XQP $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMG /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4
#PPC 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 8QTFGTUGKVG 4ÒEMUGKVG 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX 4 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP
1174
5GJT UEJÌP
1175
4WDGN /QUMCW I )TQGT -QRH $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX XCT 7\FGPK MQX 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
5GNVGPG WPF KPVGTGUUCPVG 8CTKCPVG FKG KP XKGNGP ITQGP 5COONWPIGP HGJNV
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT &CX &KCMQX XCT 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX /KP 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1176
1177
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW 5VGTPG VGKNGP FKG 7OUEJTKHV I $KVMKP &CX 5GJT UGNVGPG 8CTKCPVG 5GJT UEJÌP
1178
158
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
1179
5GJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • ANNA
1181
1180
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
#VVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT &CX &KCMQX XCT 7\FGPKMQX 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT )N·VVWPIUURWTGP KO (GNF UGJT UEJÌP
1184
1183
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN /QUMCW I /KV $TQUEJG CWH FGT $TWUV $KVMKP XCT 4 &CX &KCMQX XCT 5GXGTKP 4 QFGT 4 7\FGPKMQX 5GNVGPG 8CTKCPVG -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
1188
1186
1185
-N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
*ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
1188
1187
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX -QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
159
RUSSLAND • ANNA
1190
1189
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT &CX
1192
1191
5GJT UEJÌP (GKPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
*ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
1194 1193
1193
4WDGN ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT &CX &KCMQX XCT 2QNWKMQ 0T 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 2QNVKPC /QUMCW I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌP
*ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
1195
160
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
1196
RUSSLAND • ANNA
1197
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
-N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1198
1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV /QUMCW 0QXQFGN I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF $KVMKP * (D )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1200
1199
1201
&WMCV /QUMCW 0QXQFGN I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF $KVMKP * (D )1.& 44 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
*ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
161
RUSSLAND • IVAN III.
1202
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I 2QTVT·VV[R XQP $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1204
1203
1205
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I 2QTVT·VV[R XQP $KVMKP &CX -N 4CPFHGJNGT MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I 2QTVT·VV[R XQP $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 7\FGPKMQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP XCT &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
1207
1206
1206
+XCP +++ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP HH XCT 4 &CX (TKUWT PCEJITCXKGTV HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
-QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP
-W &GPIC -QRGMG -W 2QNWUEJMC $GKFG /ÒP\UV·VVG 'MCVGTKPDWTI $KVMKP 4 NGKEJV XCT 4 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
162
)GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1209
'NKUCDGVJ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH KJTG 6JTQPDGUVGKIWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG <CTKP OKV -TGW\ KP FGT 4GEJVGP HÒJTV #TOGG FWTEJ 5VTCGP\WI OO I &KCMQX -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1210
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG ) % 9CGEJVGT WPF , ) 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG CNNIGOGKPG #OPGUVKG )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG RGTUQPK HK\KGTVG )PCFG NÌUV FKG (GUUGNP XQP FTGK )GHCPIGPGP KO *KPVGTITWPF )GH·PIPKUIGD·WFG CWU FGO YGKVGTG )GHCPIGPG UVTÌOGP OO I &KCMQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1211
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 5 ,WFKP WPF + - XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH KJTG -TÌPWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP &KG <CTKP UVGJV X X OKV <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP QDGP GKP 'PIGN OKV 5EJKNF KP 9QNMGP FGT GKPG -TQPG ÒDGT KJT *CWRV J·NV T PGDGP KJT MPKGPFG 4WUUKC OKV #FNGTUEJKNF OO I &KCMQX FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ 5KIPCVWT $ - CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG CPIGIGDGP UKGJG #DDKNFWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
163
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1213
1212
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 9KP\ <CKPGPFG UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP NGKEJV XCT &CX .GKEJVG $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
1214
1215
1215
-QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP XCT 5GJT UEJÌP $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQT #DQ OKV FGP 5EJYGFGP )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP .CPFUEJCHV OKV FGO (NW -KOKU\G FCTÒDGT JCNVGP \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *·PFG GKPGP -TCP\ FCTKP FGT IGMTÌPVG TWUUKUEJG &QRRGNCFNGT ÒDGT FGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP XQP 5EJYGFGP WPF 5EJNGUYKI OO I &KCMQX *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
1216
1217
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 6[R &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GNVGPG 8CTKCPVG 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT FGPPQEJ CVVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT
164
1218
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1219
1220
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX -QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
1221
*ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
1222 1,5:1
1,5:1
&WMCV /QUMCW I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF $KVMKP 4 (D )1.& 44 .GKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1223
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1224
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP
1225
5GJT UEJÌP 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
165
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1226
1227
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
*GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ
1229
1228
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX XCT 7\FGPKMQX 4CPF WPF (GNFGT NGKEJV DGCTDGKVGV HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
1230
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGT /CTKPGYGTHV KP -TQPUVCFV )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KP KO $CW DGHKPFNKEJGU 5EJKHH FCJKPVGT -CPCN OKV $TÒEMG KO *KPVGTITWPF *CHGPCPUKEJV XQP -TQPUVCFV OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1231
166
4WDGN /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ' CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1232
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP 'TNC XQP 5VGWGTP )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV (ÒNNJQTP KO NKPMGP #TO ÌHHPGV FCU 6QT \W GKPGT $TÒEMG HÒT 2HGTF WPF 9CIGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF T WOIGHCNNGPGU 5EJKNFGT JCWU OO I &KCMQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1233
1234
4WDGN /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ² - Ï CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ² - / CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ
1235
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG HKPCP \KGNNG 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGT 5VCCVUMCUUG )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &CU CNNGIQTK UEJG 9QJNYQNNGP CNU YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV FCTIGUVGNNV \ÒPFGV OKV GKPGT (CEMGN $ÒEJGT WPF 2CRKGTG CP WPF TGKEJV GKPGO MPKGPFGP $CWGTP (TÒEJVG OO I &KCMQX 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
167
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1236
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT WPF 5 ,WFKP XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG )GDWTV FGU )TQHÒTUVGP WPF UR·VGTGP <CTGP 2CWN + )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 8QTUGJWPI KP 9QNMGP ÒDGTIKDV FGT XQT GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP #NVCT MPKGPFGP 4WUUKC FCU 0GWIGDQTGPG OO I &KCMQX -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1237
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG )TÒPFWPI 0GW 5GTDKGPU )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KPGTXC OKV *GNO 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF UVGJV X X FKG 4GEJVG GTJQDGP KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5·WNG OKV FGO 9CRRGP 0GW 5GTDKGPU WOJGT NKGIGP )GIGPUV·PFG FGU #EMGTDCWU CO $QFGP OO I &KCMQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1238
168
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG )TGP\TGIWNKGTWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG )GTGEJVKIMGKV XGTUGV\V FGT CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP <YKGVTCEJV GKPGP 6TKVV N /GVKUEJ T )TGP\U·WNG KO *KPVGTITWPF N \YGK .CPFXGTOGUUGT OO I &KCMQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1239
1240
4WDGN /QUMCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ' + CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX (NGEMKIG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌP
1242 1241
1241
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP
1244
1243
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ß - ² CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 2QTVT·V XQP $ 5EQVV $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX (GNF FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG NGKEJV IGIN·VVGV UGJT UEJÌP
1247
1245
-W -QRGMG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 -W -QRGMG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP (D
1246
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ ªDGTRT·IWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP )1.& *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
169
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1249
1248
1248
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP + / CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 2QTVT·V XQP $ 5EQVV $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
1250
5GJT UEJÌP
1252
1251
-W -QRGMG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 -W -QRGMG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4
5GJT UEJÌP ,WUVKGTV UGJT UEJÌP
.KXQPCKUG 4WDGN \W -QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·P IGP CWH FGT $TWUV \YGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFG CP $·PFGTP FKG OKV FGP 5EJP·DGNP IGJCNVGP YGTFGP $KVMKP
4 &CX &KCMQX 4 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 5 44 /KP RQTÌUGT 5EJTÌVNKPI UGJT UEJÌP
DGVGKNKIVG UKEJ <CTKP 'NKUCDGVJ CP GKPGT IGUCOVGWTQR·KUEJGP -QCNKVKQP IGIGP (TKGFTKEJ ++ XQP 2TGWGP 5KG UEJKEMVG 6TWRRGP KP FKG DCNVKUEJGP 2TQXKP\GP FGTGP JGTTUEJGPFG 1DGTUEJKEJV ITÌVGPVGKNU FGWVUEJ YCT /KV FGO XQTNKGIGPFGP .KXQPCKUG YQNNVG 'NKUCDGVJ FKG KP FGP 2TQXKP\GP I·PIKIGP /ÒP\GP GTUGV\GP
1253
1254
.KXQPCKUG 4WDGN \W -QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I $KVMKP 44 5GJT UEJÌP
.KXQPCKUG 4WDGN \W -QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I $KVMKP 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
170
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1255
1256
.KXQPCKUG 4WDGN \W -QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I $KVMKP 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
.KXQPCKUG 4WDGN \W -QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I $KVMKP 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1259
1257
1258
-QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I $KVMKP -QRGMGP /QUMCW IGRT·IV HÒT .KXNCPF WPF 'UVNCPF I $KVMKP -QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX 5VÒEM (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1263
1262
1261
1264
)TQUEJGP QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP NGKEJV XCT 44 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
)TQUEJGP QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP HH 5GJT UEJÌP
5EJKNNKPI QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP XCT 4 &KCMQX XCT 1NF 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX X 5EJT 'VYCU $GNCI UGJT UEJÌP
-W 2QNWUEJMC 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP 4
5GJT UEJÌP
1265
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ß - ² CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 2QTVT·V XQP 6 +YCPQHH $KVMKP 4 &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5 4 /KP 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
171
RUSSLAND • ELISABETH
1266
<KPPOGFCKNNG XQP 5 ,WFKP UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH KJTGP 6QF CO &G\GODGT )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP &KG <CTKP UEJYGDV CWH 9QNMGP WPF FGWVGV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP CWH GKP 2QUVCOGPV CWH FGO GKP <GRVGT WPF GKP IGMTÌPVGT 5EJKNF OKV FGO /QPQITCOO KJTGU 0CEJHQNIGTU <CT 2GVGT +++ NKGIGP ÒDGT FGO *CWRV FGT <CTKP UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTPGPMTCP\ KO 8QTFGTITWPF T UVGJGP \YGK )GPKGP OKV FGO TWUUKUEJGP 9CRRGP OO I &KCMQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1267
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 &CX
1268
1269
5GJT UEJÌP
1270
1271
6CNGT QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP
6CNGT QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
6CNGT QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP 5GJT UEJÌP
)TÌUEJGT QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP -ÌPKIUDGTI IGRT·IV HÒT 1UVRTGWGP WPVGT TWUUKUEJGT $GUCV\WPI I $KVMKP XCT (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
172
RUSSLAND • PETER III.
1272
1,5:1
1,5:1
2GVGT +++ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP 8KGT IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGP 9KPMGNP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN KO <GPVTWO IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT $KVMKP 4 &KCMQX 4 (D 2GVTQX 4 4WDGN 7\FGPK MQX 4 )1.& 44 -N <CKPGPFG YKP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T
1273
1274
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX 4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5
1275
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1276
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP 4 &CX
173
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1277
1278
1279
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 4 7\FGPKMQX 5 4 /KP RQTÌUGT 5EJTÌVNKPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
4 5GJT UEJÌP 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1280 1281
1281
4WDGN 2QNVKPC 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 -W -QRGMGP WPDGUVKOOVG /ÒP\UV·VVG I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP &C\W -W -QRGMGP $TGMMG
(GNFGT RQNKGTV UGJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP -W -QRGMGP $GKFG WPDGUVKOOVG /ÒP\UV·VVG $KVMKP HH HH 5VÒEM 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
1284
174
-CVJCTKPC ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 8 $CTCPQX WPF 5 ,WFKP 2T·OKG FGT .CPFYKTV UEJCHVUIGUGNNUEJCHV )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP %GTGU OKV -TCP\ WPF /GTMWTUVCD UKV\V CWH -QTPICTDGP CP GKPGP $CWO IGNGJPV KO *KPVGTITWPF N RHNÒIGPFGT $CWGT OO I &KCMQX 44 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1285
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , $ )CUU XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 2T·OKG FGT .CPFYKTVUEJCHVUIGUGNNUEJCHV )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP %GTGU OKV -TCP\ WPF /GTMWTUVCD UKV\V CWH -QTPICTDGP CP GKPGP $CWO IGNGJPV KO *KPVGTITWPF N RHNÒIGPFGT $CWGT OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1286
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , ) 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI FGU )TCHGP #NGZGL $GUVWUEJGH 4KWOKP \WO (GNFOCTUEJCNN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )TCHGP N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN <YGK (GNUGP KO /GGT QDGP 9QNMGP OKV 5QPPG $NKV\GP WPF 4GIGP OO I &KCMQX -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1287
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH WPF ) % 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH KJTG -TÌPWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP FGU )NCWDGPU WPF 4WNCPFU JCNVGP GKPGP -TCP\ OKV FGO /QPQITCOO -CVJCTKPCU ++ ÒDGT #NVCT CWH FGO GKPG TCWEJGPFG 1RHGTUEJCNG UVGJV QDGP FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 8QTUGJWPI OKV -TQPG WPF <GRVGT KP 9QNMGP OO I &KCMQX 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
175
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1288
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6+ CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF * - CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
1289
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG /ÒP\ XGTDGUUGTWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP #PUKEJV GKPGT 5RKPFGNRTGUUG FCTÒDGT #FNGT OKV 4GKEJUCRHGN QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I &KCMQX 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1291
1290
1290
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH WPF , ) 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG )TÒPFWPI FGU *CWUGU HÒT 'T\KGJWPI WPF $KNFWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV -TGW\ UVGJV PGDGP GKPGT 5·WNG T MPKGPFG (TCW OKV PGWIGDQ TGPGO -KPF KO *KPVGTITWPF )GD·WFGCPUKEJV OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
176
'VYCU RQTÌUGT 5EJTÌVNKPI UGJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1292
1294
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 2QNVKPC I 5V 2GVGTUDWTI $KVMKP
1297
1295
1293
5GJT UEJÌP *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1297
4WDGN 2QNVKPC 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6+ CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF ß - ² CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &KCMQX 4 2GVTQX 4WDGN 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 9CTU\CYUMKG %GPVTWO 0WOK\OCV[E\PG 9CTUEJCW 0T
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI $GKFG ÒDGTRT·IV CWH -QRGMGP 5VÒEMGP 2GVGTU +++ $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX 5VÒEM 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
1298
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG )TÒPFWPI FGT #MCFGOKG FGT UEJÌPGP -ÒPUVG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP #WH GKPGO 3WCFGT FKG #VVTKDWVG FGT UEJÌPGP -ÒPUVG /CNGTGK $KNFJCWGTGK WPF #TEJKVGMVWT OO I &KCMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
177
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1300
1299
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6+ CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF ß - ² CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
1301
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'KP YGKJWPI FGU -CTWUUGNNU 5RQTVCTGPC )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP #PUKEJV FGT #TGPC KO 8QTFGTITWPF N NCIGTPFG (NWIÌVVKP 0GXC OKV 4WFGT 3WGNNWTPG WPF FGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI QDGP #FNGT OKV -TCP\ WPF $NKV\ OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1303
1302
1303
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6+ CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF À - Ø CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX (GKPG 2CVKPC YKP\ <CKPGPFG XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM /QUMCW I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌP
1304
178
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1306
1305 1306
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 (D C )1.& (CUUWPIUURWTGP (GNFGT UVCTM ÒDGTCTDGKVGV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN /QUMCW I $KVMKP &CX
1307
5GJT UEJÌP
1308
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6+ CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF % # CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ <CKPGPFG HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
-N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1309
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , % ) ,CGIGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP 6TCPURQTV FGU )TCPKVHGNUGPU HÒT FCU /QPWOGPV 2GVGTU + $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP #PUKEJV FGU (GNUGPU FGT XQP XKGNGP 2GTUQPGP DGCTDGKVGV YKTF OO I &KCMQX -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1310
-QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP -QRGMGP )TKXGPPKM 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
1311
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
179
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1312
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT WPF , ) 9CGEJVGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP TWUUKUEJGP )TCHGP )TGIQT )TGIQTKGYKVUEJ 1TNQY IGUVKHVGV XQO 5GPCV HÒT FKG $GM·ORHWPI FGT $GWNGPRGUV KP /QUMCW $TWUVDKNF FGU )TCHGP N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT )TCH \W 2HGTF TGKVGV N CWH GKPGP (NCOOGPCDITWPF \W KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /QUMCW OO I &KCMQX 5NI $TGVVCWGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
ex 1313
1315
1316
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP $KVMKP 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP $TGMMG &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6È CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF F L CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
180
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1317
1319
1318
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6È CO #TOCDUEJPKVV WPF ß × CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ XQT\ÒINKEJ
1320
1322
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1321
8QT\ÒINKEJ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
181
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1323
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , $ )CUU WPF , % ) ,CGIGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG )GDWTV FGU )TQHÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT 2CYNQYKVUEJ UR·VGT <CT #NGZCPFGT + )GMTÌPVG $ÒUVG T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP )GMTÌPVG 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV FGO 0GWIGDQTGPGP CWH FGO #TO UVGJV CP #NVCT CP FGO FGT TWUUKUEJG 5EJKNF NGJPV CWH FGO #NVCT UVGJV GKPG DTGPPGPFG 1RHGTUEJCNG QDGP N 5VTCJNGP OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1324
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP F L CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
1325
182
1326
1327
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $TGMMG 5GJT UEJÌP 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP (D D )1.& 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1328
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1329
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV WPF , $ )CUU XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG )GDWTV FGU )TQHÒTUVGP -QPUVCPVKP 2CYNQYKVUEJ )GMTÌPVG $ÒUVG T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP )NCWDG .KGDG WPF *QHHPWPI UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X OKV FGO 0GWIGDQTGPGP QDGP 5VTCJNGP KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT -KTEJG 5V 5QRJKC KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1330
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 &KCMQX (D 7\FGPKMQX )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1331
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP ) % 9CGEJVGT WPF 2 . 8GTPKGT XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 2TGKUOGFCKNNG FGT #MCFGOKG FGT UEJÌPGP -ÒPUVG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUV DKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP /·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV KP NCPIGT 4QDG UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IG YCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF )KTNCPFG WOJGT CO $QFGP NKGIGP FKG #VVTKDWVG FGT UEJÌPGP -ÒPUVG /CNGTGK $KNFJCWGTGK WPF #TEJKVGMVWT OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
183
RUSSLAND โ ข KATHARINA II.
1333
1332
1333
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT IGMTร PVG 9CRRGP KPU -TGW\ IGUVGNNV KP FGP 9KPMGNP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN KO <GPVTWO IGMTร PVGT &QRRGNCFNGT $KVMKP (D D )1.& 5GJT UEJร PpXQT\ร INKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ร P\\GKEJGP ร รง CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX
5GJT UEJร P
1334
1336
1335
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP Hร T 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP 4 -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP Hร T 5KDKTKGP I $KVMKP 4
5GJT UEJร P 5GJT UEJร P
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , $ )CUU XGTOWVNKEJ URยทVGTG 2TยทIWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TTKEJ VWPI FGT 4GKVGTUVCVWG 2GVGTU + $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP #PUKEJV FGT 4GKVGTUVCVWG CWH GKPGO (GNUGP OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ร INKEJ
1337
184
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTร VNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJร P
RUSSLAND â&#x20AC;¢ KATHARINA II.
1338
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 8 $G\TQFPQ[ WPF 2 $QDTQXUEJKMQX XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG )TÃ&#x2019;PFWPI FGT 2TQXKP\GP 'MCVGTKPQUNCX WPF 6CWTKGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU TWUUKUEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNNU )TGIQT #NGZCPFTQYKVUEJ 2QVGOMKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .CPFMCTVG OKV FGP GKPIG\GKEJPGVGP 2TQXKP\GP OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
1339
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 8 $CTCPQX WPF 2 $QDTQXUEJKMQX UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG )TÃ&#x2019;PFWPI FGT 2TQXKP\GP 'MCVGTKPQUNCX WPF 6CWTKGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU TWUUKUEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNNU )TGIQT #NGZCPFTQYKVUEJ 2QVGOMKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .CPFMCTVG OKV FGP GKPIG\GKEJPGVGP 2TQXKP\GP OO I &KCMQX 44 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ
185
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1341
1342
1343
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ß # CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 4 5GXGTKP 5 7\FGPKMQX *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP
8QT\ÒINKEJ
1344
1345
1345
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ß # CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX &KCMQX 4 2GVTQX 4WDGN 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , #DTCJCO CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1VEJCMQX $TWUVDKNF FGU TWUUKUEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNNU )TGIQT #NGZCPFTQYKVUEJ 2QVGOMKP T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #P UKEJV FGT (GUVWPI ÒDGT FGO OKVVNGTGP 6WTO YGJV FKG (CJPG OKV FGO /QPQITCOO FGT <CTKP OO I &KCMQX *QHHOCPP 8QT\ÒINKEJ +O 8GTNCWH FGU TWUUKUEJ VÒTMKUEJGP -TKGIGU GTUVÒTOVG FKG TWUUKUEJG #TOGG WPVGT FGO 1DGTDGHGJN XQP (ÒTUV )TGIQT #NGZCPFTQYKVUEJ 2QVGOMKP CO &G\GODGT FKG CP FGT /ÒPFWPI FGT (NÒUUG &PLGRT WPF $WI IGNGIGPG (GUVWPI 1VEJCMQX &GT TWUUKUEJG (GNFOCTUEJCNN WPF )ÒPUVNKPI FGT <CTKP -CVJCTKPC ++ GTJKGNV CNU $GNQJPWPI HÒT UGKPG 8GTFKGPUVG FCU ITQG $CPF XQO 1TFGP FGU *GKNKIGP )GQTI &GT DGMCPPVG 4KVV FGU $CTQPU /ÒPEJJCWUGP CWH FGT -CPQPGPMWIGN UQNN Y·JTGPF FGT $GNCIGTWPI FGT QUOCPKUEJGP (GUVWPI UVCVVIGHWPFGP JCDGP
186
RUSSLAND • KATHARINA II.
1347 1346
1346
<KPPOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH (ÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KP HKPPKUEJGP )GY·UUGTP )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I $KVMKP / &KCMQX XCT 5GJT UEJÌP
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
1348
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1349
1350
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
-W -QRGMGP #PPKPUMQ[G I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX
1XCNG IQNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV HÒT FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CO 4WUUKUEJ 6ÒTMKUEJGP -TKGI )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO 5EJTKHV KP HÒPH <GKNGP (ÒT FGP 5KGIGT CO 6CI FGU (TKGFGPUXGT VTCIU FGP &G\GODGT Z OO I &KCMQX )1.& 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KG ÒDNKEJ IGNQEJV YKP\ $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1351 1352
1352
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
187
RUSSLAND • PAUL I.
1355 1353
1353
-W -QRGMGP #PPKPUMQ[G I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP #PPKPUMQ[G I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
2CVKPC 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP
1356
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 6 +YCPQHH 8QTFGTUGKVG WPF , $ )CUU 4ÒEMUGKVG XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FKG 6GKNWPIGP 2QNGPU KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF )GMTÌPVGU $TWUV DKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV WOIGJ·PIVGO 5V )GQTIUUEJKNF J·NV \YGK .CPFMCTVGP OKV FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP WPF OO I &KCMQX 8QTFGTUGKVG 4ÒEMUGKVG 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
.QV XQP -WRHGTOÒP\GP HÒT 5KDKTKGP 2QNWUEJMC &GPIC -QRGMG -QRGMGP 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP -W &GPIC #NNG /ÒP\UV·VVG -QN[XCP 5W\WP HÒT 5KDKTKGP $KVMKP 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
1359
ex 1360
2CWN + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP % /GKUUPGT CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP /QUMCW 7PK HQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV 1TFGPUDCPF WPF WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP -TGW\ OO I $KVMKP / 4 &KCMQX 4 4GKEJGN 4 5GXGTKP 5OKTPQX E (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI Z $KVMKP Z
188
5VÒEM (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • PAUL I.
1361
1363
-W -QRGMGP #PPKPUMQ[G I $KVMKP -W -QRGMGP #PPKPUMQ[G I $KVMKP 4 -W -QRGMGP WPDGUVKOOVG /ÒP\UV·VVG I $KVMKP
4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP 44 5EJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
1365
1364
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
(CUV UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 2QNVKPC ,CJTGU\CJN KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP /Á CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX .GKEJVG -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1367 ex 1366
1368
-QRGMGP -QRGMGP $GKFG /ÒP\UV·VVG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI $KVMKP
-W &GPIC -QRGMG 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP -W 2QNWUEJMC 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
1369
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1370
189
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER I.
1371
1372
1371
4WDGN 2QNWRQNVKPPKM 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP /Á CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 1/ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1373
1374
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
1375
-N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1376
1375
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
#NGZCPFGT + -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1377
190
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT )TÒP FWPI 5V 2GVGTUDWTIU FWTEJ 2GVGT + FGO )TQGP $ÒUVG 2GVGTU + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTÒDGT 5VGTPGP TKPI *GTMWNGU OKV -GWNG 5EJKNF WPF .ÌYGPHGNN UKV\V CWH )NQDWU WPVGP KUV FGT (GUVWPIURNCP XQP 2GVTQRCXNQXUM GKPIG\GKEJPGV QDGP 6GKNCPUKEJV FGU 6KGTMTGKUGU OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER I.
1378
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FGP TWUUKUEJGP 9KUUGPUEJCHV NGT 2 ) &GOKFQX 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF &GOKFQXU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN KP 1TFGPUDCPF 5V 8NCFKOKTU 1TFGP FGT XQP 'KEJGP\YGKIGP WOYWPFGP KUV OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1379
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP À - È CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
1380
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FGP )TCHGP 0 2 5JGTGOG VGY IGUVKHVGV XQO 5GPCV HÒT FKG 'TTKEJVWPI GKPGU *QURKVCNU KP /QUMCW 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )TC HGP N OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG )PCFG OKV 2CNO\YGKI UVGJV X X WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV GKPGT N UKV\GPFGP /WVVGT FKG KJT -KPF UVKNNV GKP JTGPDÒPFGN T UKV\V GKP ·NVGTGT /CPP OKV -TÒEMUVQEM FGO UKG GKPG 5EJCNG FKG XQP GKPGT 5EJNCPIG WOYWPFGP KUV GPVIGIGPJ·NV KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGU *QURKVCNU OO I &KCMQX 5NI $TGVVCWGT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
191
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER I.
1381
1382
1382
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 4 -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1383 1384
1384
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Φ Γ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
1386
1385
-N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP
1387
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌP 5GJT UEJÌP
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP 4 6WUEJG\CJN GVYCU MQTTQFKGTV UGJT UEJÌP
192
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER I.
1388
1389
1390
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV #WU\GKEJPWPI FGT GJGOCNU HKPPKUEJGP #TOGG HÒT KJTG -TKGIGT $ÒUVG T 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV 2CNO\YGKI UVGJV HCUV X X WPF MT·P\V GKPGP XQT KJT UVGJGPFGP IGHNÒIGNVGP )GPKWU OKV 2CNO\YGKI WPF 5EJKNF OO I &KCMQX 4 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV CWH FKG 2TKXKNKIKGTWPI FGT HKPPKUEJGP 7PKXGTUKV·V #DQ 6WTMW $ÒUVG T 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V T WPF URKGNV .[TC FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG IGNGJPV T CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG JKPVGT FGT )GD·WFGCPUKEJV FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V XQP #DQ OO I &KCMQX 4 4 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV CWH FKG 2TKXKNKIKGTWPI FGT HKPPKUEJGP 7PKXGTUKV·V #DQ 6WTMW $ÒUVG T 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V T WPF URKGNV .[TC FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKPG 9CUUGTWTPG IGNGJPV T CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG JKPVGT FGT )GD·WFGCPUKEJV FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V XQP #DQ OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1392
1391
1393
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI $KVMKP
5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
-W &GPIC -QRGMG 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP / - Ô CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
193
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER I.
1394
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 6QNUVQK XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH *GT\QI #NGZCPFGT (TKGFTKEJ -CTN
#NGZCPFGT + XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI CNU *GGTHÒJTGT FGT 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT /KNK\ #PVKMGT -TKGIGT TGKEJV GKPGT O·PPNKEJGP )GUVCNV KP 6QIC GKPGP .QTDGGT\YGKI N FCPGDGP MPKGPFG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX -NGKP 4CHH 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1395
1396
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Π % CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5GJT UEJÌP
1399
1398
194
1398
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 0 $TGPGV WPF , &WXKXKGT CWH UGKPGP /ÒP\DGUWEJ KP 2CTKU -QRH #NGZCPFGTU + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU <CTGP 2GVGT + T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GT OGNKP OO I &KCMQX 5NI ,WNKWU 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP / Φ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER I.
1400
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( 6QNUVQK XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI 2TGKUOGFCKNNG FGT #MCFGOKG FGT UEJÌPGP -ÒPUVG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI -QRH N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 'KP CNVGT /CPP OKV NCPIGT 4QDG UKV\V N OKV 5VCD KP FGT .KPMGP WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\ KP FGT CWUIGUVTGEMVGP 4GEJVGP WOJGT CO $QFGP NKGIGP FKG #VVTKDWVG FGT UEJÌPGP -ÒPUVG /CNGTGK $KNFJCWGTGK WPF #TEJKVGMVWT OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1402
1401
1401
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 6QNUVQK XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOC VKQP KP (KPPNCPF 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV /CWGTMTQPG UKV\V X X FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH 9CRRGPUEJKNF IG NGIV FGT NKPMG #TO NKGIV CWH GKPGT 5·WNG QDGP /QPQITCOO #NGZCPFGTU + KP 5VTCJNGP 4GNKIKQ OKV -GNEJ KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF $WEJ WPVGT FGO NKPMGP #TO UVGJV X X OO I &KCMQX 5NI 9JKVKPI FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Π % CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX /KP 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1403 1,5:1
1,5:1
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &C\W 0KMQNCWU ++ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN 5VÒEM )1.& 5EJÌP WPF DGTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP
195
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1405
1406 1405
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - Ä CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
0KMQNCWU + -W -QRGMG Q , WPDGUVKOOVG /ÒP\UV·VVG I (GJNRT·IWPI 4ÒEMUGKVG KPEWUG 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP 5GJT UEJÌP
1407
1408
1408
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV JGTCWUIGIGDGP XQP FGT 5VCFV 9CTUEJCW \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP 6QF #NGZCPFGTU + $ÒUVG #NGZCPFGTU + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTÒDGT 5VGTP 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU \CJN KP .QTDGGMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX 4 * %\ 4GKEJGN -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV UGJT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌP
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 9 #NGZGLGY WPF , .CYTGVUQX XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH UGKPG -TÌ PWPI KP /QUMCW -QRH T -TQPG NKGIV CWH GKPGT 5·WNG FCTCP CPIGDTCEJV GKPG 6CHGN OKV TWUUKUEJGT +P UEJTKHV &CU )GUGV\ QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I &KCMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1409
196
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 9 #NGZGLGY WPF # .[CNKP CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP /QUMCW -QRH T -TQPG NKGIV CWH GKPGT 5·WNG FCTCP CPIGDTCEJV GKPG 6CHGN OKV TWUUKUEJGT +PUEJTKHV &CU )GUGV\ QDGP UVTCJNGP FGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I &KCMQX 4GKEJGN 5OKTPQX D -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1410
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 6QNUVQK XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI -QRH T /KPGTXC OKV 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF VJTQPV X X WPF J·NV GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ ÒDGT GKPG 5·WNG OKV ,CPWUMQRH FGT CWU FGP )GUKEJVGTP XQP 2GVGT + WPF #NGZCPFGT + DG UVGJV T 'WNG OO I &KCMQX 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
1411
1413
1412
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * Γ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * Γ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1414 1,5:1
1,5:1
<NQV[ 9CTUEJCW HÒT 2QNGP I (GKPIQNF $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 9GTV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN KP FTGK <GKNGP \YKUEJGP 'KEJGP\YGKIGP FCTWPVGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP ( Û * Û $KVMKP 4 (D 5EJN 7\FGPKMQX 4 )1.& 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV -N 4CPFHGJNGT YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 197
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1416
1415
1415
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * Γ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV 2T·OKG FGT HKPPKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV $ÒUVG T &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP $NWOGPMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1418 Pt
1417 Pt
4WDGN 2NCVKP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 9CRRGP WPF 1TFGPUMGVVG CWH FGT $TWUV KP FGP (·PIGP <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN CWH FGP CWUIGDTGKVGVGP (NÒIGNP LG FTGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFG 5EJTKHV OKV 9GTV WPF ,CJTGUCPICDG $KVMKP 4 (D 5EJN 2.#6+0 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 2NCVKP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI %C I HGKP $KVMKP (D 5EJN 2.#6+0 5GJT UEJÌP
1419
1421
1420
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * Γ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG WPF IGUEJNQUUGPGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * Γ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
198
5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1422
1423
1424
4WDGN <NQV[ 5V 2GVGTUDWTI HÒT 2QNGP I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ã CWH FGT 8QTFGT UGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX -N 4CPFHGJNGT MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT #NGZCPFGT + I $KVMKP 4 &CX 7\FGPKMQX (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT #NGZCPFGT + I $KVMKP &CX (GKPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1425
1427
1426
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT #NGZCPFGT + I $KVMKP &CX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
-W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP I $KVMKP
)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV 2T·OKG FGT ,WPIGPUEJWNG )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 9CRRGPUEJKNF FCTCWH 5V )GQTI FGP &TCEJGP VÌVGPF UGKVNKEJ CWH FGP 5EJYKPIGP LG FTGK YGKVGTG MNGKPG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG /KPGTXC OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF ¤NNCORG UVGJV X X WOJGT CWH FGO $QFGP #VVTKDWVG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP OO I &KC MQX 4 // 5OKTPQX C )1.& 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
5GJT UEJÌP
199
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1430
1428
1428
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # -NGRKMQY PCEJ GKPGO 'PVYWTH ( 6QNUVQKU XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG #NNKCP\ \YKUEJGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 4WNCPF WPF 2TGWGP $TWUVDKNF #NGZCPFGTU + KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI N OKV 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF &TGK IGJCTPKUEJVG 4KVVGT XQP FGPGP FGT TGEJVG GKPGP 5EJKNF OKV FGO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 9CRRGP VT·IV TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *·PFG OO I &KCMQX 5NI ,WNKWU 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP * )WDG WPF 2 7VMKP CWH FKG 5V 8NCFKOKT 7PKXGTUKV·V KP -KGY -QRH T -TGW\ KP 5VTCJNGPMTCP\ OO &C\W $TQP\GOGFCKNNG CWH $NÒEJGTU 5KGI CP FGT -CV\DCEJ OO 5NI ,WNKWU 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ
-W -QRGMG 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1431
2:1
2:1
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FCU L·JTKIG -TÌPWPIULWDKN·WO I &KG $ÒUVGP FGU <CTGPRCC TGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N f f / ÐÓÁΛÅÉ 8GT\KGTWPI WPVGP %.Ï.Ú. (MÒP\UV·VVGP\GKEJGP HÒT 5V 2GVGTUDWTI WOJGT f ×ÈÑÒÀÃÎ ÇÎΛÎÒÀ 2 ÇÎΛÎÒÍÈÊÀ 78 ÄÎΛÅÈ $KVMKP * FQTV CNU 0QXQFGN DG\GKEJPGV (D 5EJN )1.& 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV /KV FGT ÒDNKEJGP ,WUVKGTWPI CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT <CT 0KMQNCWU + CWU FGO *CWU 4QOCPQY *QNUVGKP )QVVQTR FTKVVGT 5QJP FGU <CTGP 2CWN + WPF UGKPGT \YGKVGP 'JG HTCW /CTKC (LQFQTQYPC IGDQTGPG 2TKP\GUUKP 5QRJKC &QTQVJGC XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI YWTFG CO ,WNK KP <CTUMQLG 5GNQ DGK 5V 2GVGTUDWTI IGDQTGP WPF UVCTD CO /·T\ KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI 0KMQNCWU DNKGD Y·JTGPF FGT 4GIKGTWPI UGKPGU ·NVGTGP $TWFGTU #NGZCPFGT + CNNGP 5VCCVUIGUEJ·HVGP HGTP +O ,CJTG OCEJV GT GKPG ITQG 4GKUG FWTEJ OGJTGTG .·PFGT 'WTQRCU #O ,WNK JGKTCVGVG GT %JCTNQVVG XQP 2TGWGP FKG ·NVGUVG 6QEJVGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU +++ WPF NGDVG OKV UGKPGT (COKNKG KO #PKVUEJMQYUEJGP 2CNCUV KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI #WU FKGUGT 'JG OKV %JCT NQVVG IKPIGP UKGDGP -KPFGT JGTXQT #NU #NGZCPFGT + CO &G\GODGT QJPG GKIGPG -KPFGT UVCTD UCJ UKEJ 0KMQ NCWU XÌNNKI WPGTYCTVGV UGNDUV OKV FGT 4GIKGTWPUÒDGTPCJOG MQPHTQPVKGTV FC UGKP \YGKV·NVGUVGT $TWFGT -QPUVCPVKP UKEJ YGKIGTVG FGP <CTGPVJTQP \W DGUVGKIGP #O &G\GODGT ÒDGTPCJO 0KMQNCWU HQTOGNN FKG 4GIKGTWPI WPF YWTFG CO 5GRVGODGT KP /QUMCW IGMTÌPV
200
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1433
1432
4WDGN <NQV[ HÒT 2QNGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ã CWH FGT 8QTFGT UGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ã CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1434
1435
1435
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP * )WDG XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 2WNMQXQ 1DUGT XCVQTKWOU DGK 5V 2GVGTUDWTI -QRH T #PUKEJV FGU 1DUGTXCVQTKWOU WOJGT -TCP\ OKV 6KGTMTGKU\GKEJGP OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1436
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1437
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2 5EJQWDGTI CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU )TQHÒTUVGP WPF UR·VGTGP <CTGP #NGZCPFGT ++ KO *CWU FGU <CTGP 2GVGT + KP 5CCTFCO #PUKEJV FGU *CWUGU 2GVGTU + KP 5CCTFCO )GMTÌPVGT .ÌYG OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 5EJKNF ÒDGT UKGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP -TCP\ OO I &KCMQX 4 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU $QTQFKPQ &GPMOCNU I $KVMKP 4 &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT 2CVKPC YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
201
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1438
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * )WDG CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT #NGZCPFGT 7PKXGTUKV·V KP (KPPNCPF $ÒUVG N 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX 4 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1439
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP * )WDG CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT #NGZCPFGT 7PKXGTUKV·V KP (KPPNCPF $ÒUVG N 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1441
1440
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 9KP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ
1444 1442
1442
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ã CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ã CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
202
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1445
1446
1446
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP À - × CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1447
)1.& 5GJT UEJÌP
1448
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP À - × CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 9CTUEJCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP / 9 CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 4 -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
1449
1450
1450
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
)1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ê - Á CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1452
1451
1451
4WDGN 9CTUEJCW I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP / 9 CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ OKV HCNUEJGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
203
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1453
1454
1453
4WDGN 2QNVKPC 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP
1455
1456
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1457
1458
1458
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP À - Ã CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP (D 5EJN 7\FGPKMQX 5 )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1460
1459
1459 1461
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 2QNVKPC 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP XCT
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * + CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP 7\FG PKMQX (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
204
*GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS I.
1462
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # -NGRKMQY WPF 8 #NGZGLGY XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI CWH FCU L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGU )TQJGT\QIU /KEJCGN 2CYNQYKVUEJ CNU $GHGJNUJCDGT FGU /QUMCWGT 4GIKOGPVGU 7PKHQT OKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )TQJGT\QIU N ÒDGT IGMTGW\VGP .QTDGGT\YGKIGP QDGP IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ÒDGT #TOCVWTGP OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1463
1464
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP MN -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1465
1466
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX /KP 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI $KVMKP &CX Z 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF HCUV UGJT UEJÌP
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
205
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1469
1470
1471
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ï - À CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * + CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * + CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ
1472
1474
1474
.QV -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI $KVMKP 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
#NGZCPFGT ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 2 /GUEJGT[CMQX WPF 8 0KMQPQX 2T·OKG FGT /·FEJGPUEJWNG HÒT IWVGU $GPGJOGP WPF UEJWNKUEJGP (QTVUEJTKVV $TWUVDKNF FGT <CTKP /CTKC (GQFQTQYPC T /KPGTXC OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF ¤NNCORG UVGJV X X WOJGT CWH FGO $QFGP #VVTKDWVG FGT 9KUUGP UEJCHVGP OO I &KCMQX XCT 4 +XGTUGP :+++ 5OKTPQX C XCT (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
6TCIDCTG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 0 -Q\KP WPF + %JWMOCUQX 2T·OKG FGT HKPPKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV $ÒUVG T &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP $NWOGPMTCP\ OO &C\W #NGZCPFGT ++ 6TCI DCTG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP % ,CJP 2T·OKG FGT HKPPKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT *CWUYKTVUEJCHV $ÒUVG T &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP $NWOGPMTCP\ OO 0KMQNCWU ++ 6TCIDCTG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP % ,CJP 2T·OKG FGT HKPPKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT *CWUYKTVUEJCHV $ÒUVG N )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP CWH 'KEJGP \YGKIGP OO I 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
206
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1477
1476
1476
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # .[CNKP WPF / -WEJMKP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU %JTK UVGPVWOU KP (KPPNCPF $ÒUVG T 7PVGT GKPGO UVTCJNGPFGP -TGW\ MPKGP GKPG O·PPNKEJG WPF GKPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV FKG OKV (GNN DGMNGKFGV UKPF CWH GKPGO (GNUGP FCXQT NKGIGP -GWNG -ÌEJGT 2HGKNG WPF $QIGP KO *KPVGTITWPF $GTIG WPF /GGT OO I &KCMQX 4 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 2QNVKPC 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ô - Á CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1478 1479
1479
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT 0KMQNCWU + I $KVMKP &CX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1480
1482
1481
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT 0KMQNCWU + I $KVMKP &CX (GKPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT 0KMQNCWU + I $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ô - Á CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
-QRGMGP OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ô - Á OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Ô - Á OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP / È OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * Ô CNNG CWU FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF DGUUGT
207
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1484
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG M[TKNNKUEJ WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 $TWUPKVU[P CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU &GPMOCNU \WT ,CJTHGKGT FGU TWUUKUEJGP 4GKEJGU <YGK /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP $TWUVDKNFGTP 4WTKMU WPF #NGZCPFGTU ++ GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP WPVGP IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV #PUKEJV FGU &GPMOCNU OO I &KCMQX 4 +XGTUGP ::8 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
1485
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP .GC #JNDQTP CWH FKG .Q[CNKV·V FGT HKPPKUEJGP $GXÌNMGTWPI PCEJ FGT RQNPKUEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP WPF FKG 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI XQP 2QTXQQ $ÒUVG T (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
1488
1486
1486
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP .GC #JNDQTP CWH FKG .Q[CNKV·V FGT HKPPKUEJGP $GXÌNMGTWPI PCEJ FGT RQNPK UEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP WPF FKG 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI XQP 2QTXQQ $ÒUVG T (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP .GC #JNDQTP CWH FKG .Q[CNKV·V FGT HKPPKUEJGP $GXÌNMGTWPI PCEJ FGT RQNPK UEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP WPF FKG 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI XQP 2QTXQQ $ÒUVG T (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO I &KCMQX +XGTUGP :::8 'VYCU DGTKGDGP \CRQPKGTV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
208
8QT\ÒINKEJ CWU RQNKGTVGT 2NCVVG
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1490
1491
1489
1489
-W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI I $KVMKP $TGMMG 7\FGPKMQX
5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUUWPIUp WPF $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP
1493
1492
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
)1.& 5GJT UEJÌP
1495 1494
1494
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * + CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
)1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1496
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP .GC #JNDQTP CWH FKG HKPPKUEJG +PFWUVTKGCWUUVGNNWPI KP *GNUKPMK $ÒUVG T 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V N OKV (CEMGN KP FGT 4GEJVGP FKG .KPMG CWH FGP HKPPKUEJGP 9CRRGP UEJKNF IGNGIV WOJGT #VVTKDWVG FGT -WPUV WPF +PFWUVTKG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *GNUKPMK OO I &KCMQX 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
209
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1497
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % ,CJP CWH FGP KO )TQJGT\QIVWO (KPPNCPF IGHGKGTVGP )GDWTVUVCI XQP #NGZCPFGT + $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 'KPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV X X OKV 9CCIG KP FGT 4GEJVGP \W KJTGP (ÒGP FGT HKPPKUEJG 9CRRGPUEJKNF T FCPGDGP UKV\V FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG ,WIGPF OKV 5EJTKHVVCHGN OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
1498 1499
1499
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 4CPF GVYCU DGCTDGKVGV (GJNGT KO (GNF UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP * + CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1500
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
1502
1501
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ
1503
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ô CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ô CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
210
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1505 1504
1504
#NGZCPFGT +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP % ,CJP 2T·OKG FGT HKPPKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV $ÒUVG T &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP $NWOGPMTCP\ OO I 5OKTPQX (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP Í - Ô CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1506
1507
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI I $KVMKP &CX 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI I $KVMKP &CX
8QT\ÒINKEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI I $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPKMQX (GKPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
1509
1510
1511
1512
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1513
1514
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
1515
)1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
211
RUSSLAND • ALEXANDER II.
1516
1519
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÀÃ CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPK MQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
1521
1523
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÀÃ CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPK MQX (CUV UGJT UEJÌP
5GJT UEJÌP
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
8QT\ÒINKEJ
1524
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # )TKNNKEJGU CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU &GPMOCNU #NGZCPFGTU ++ $ÒUVG #NGZCPFGTU ++ T #PUKEJV FGU &GPMOCNU OO I 5OKTPQX (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # )TKNNKEJGU CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU &GPMOCNU #NGZCPFGTU ++ $ÒUVG #NGZCPFGTU ++ T #PUKEJV FGU &GPMOCNU OO I 5OKTPQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1526 1,5:1
212
1,5:1
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS II.
1527
1530
1529
1528
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÀÃ CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX 5GJT UEJÌP
$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' 9KMUVTÌO WPF % ,CJP CWH FCU L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGT HKPPKUEJGP )GUGNN UEJCHV HÒT -WPUV $ÒUVG FGU 2TQVGMVQTU T )GHNÒIGNVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV *CTHG NGJTV GKPGP -PCDGP FCU <GKEJPGP KP GKPGT .CPFUEJCHV OO I $QUVTÌO ++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ
0KMQNCWU ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , OKV TWUUKUEJGT 5KIPCVWT 2 5 'UVPKUEJG 2T·OKG HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV $·WGTKP OKV -WJ WPF -CND KO *KPVGTITWPF RHNÒIGPFGT $CWGT WPVGP FCU 9CRRGP XQP 4GXCN 6CNNKPP 5EJOKGF DGK FGT #TDGKV OO I -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
(CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1532
1531
1533
6TCIDCTG UKNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG Q , -NCUUG /KV )TCXWT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 0Q -QRH N &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ
-QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG -TÌPWPI FGU <CTGPRCCTGU KP /QUMCW &KG /QPQITCOOG FGU <CTGPRCCTGU FCTÒDGT -TQPG -TQPG ÒDGT \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN OO I 5OKT PQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
8QT\ÒINKEJ
213
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS II.
1534
1,5:1
1,5:1
4WDGN +ORGTKCN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI I $KVMKP
4 (D 5EJN )1.& 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1535
1536
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI I $KVMKP &CX
5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP #WHGPVJCNV XQP #FGNJGKF 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 5EJCWODWTI .KRRG WPF 'TPUV 2TKP\ XQP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI KP &CTOUVCFV CPN·NKEJ FGU $GUWEJGU FGU <CTGPRCCTGU CO *QH KP &CTOUVCFV &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGU 2CCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X FCTWPVGT .QTDGGT\YGKIG 9CRRGP WOJGT 5EJTKHV OO I (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1537
1538
1539
1542
8QT\ÒINKEJ
1543
1544
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
214
)1.& 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS II.
1547
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\
1548
1548 1,5:1
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
1550
44 8QP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP 5VGORGNINCP\
1551
1549
1549
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI &GPMOCN HÒT #NGZCPFGT ++ I $KVMKP &CX (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN 4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
6TCIDCTG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 5VTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG FCTWPVGT FKG ,CJTGU\CJNGP (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ
)1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1554
1553
1553
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÇÁ CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPK MQX 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF $KVMKP (D 5EJN
)1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ
215
RUSSLAND • NIKOLAUS II.
1555
1556
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I $KVMKP &CX
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÇÁ CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP &CX 7\FGPK MQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ
1557
(GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1558
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 5KGIGU ÒDGT 0CRQNGQP I $KVMKP &CX -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 5KGIGU ÒDGT 0CRQNGQP I $KVMKP &CX (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
1559
1561
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4QOCPQX &[PCUVKG I $KVMKP &CX 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4QOCPQX &[PCUVKG $KVMKP &CX &C\W 5QYLGVWPKQP 4WDGN &CX 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I /KV /ÒP\\GKEJGP $% CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP 4 &CX 7\FGPKMQX 5 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ
4WDGN $TÒUUGN OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5VGTPG CWH FGO 4CPF OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÀÃ CWH FGO 4CPF OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÔÇ CWH FGO 4CPF DGKFG CWU FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX &C\W -QRGMGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI
OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP ÀÃ CWH FGO 4CPF 2CTKU OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5VGTP CWH FGO 4CPF $KVMKP 7\FGPKMQX 5VÒEM 5EJÌPpUGJT UEJÌP
1563
216
5KNDGTPG /ÒP\FQUG HÒT WPF -QRGMGPUVÒEMG -TGW\HÌTOKIGT -QTRWU CP FGP 'PFGP ¤HHPWP IGP \WT #WHPCJOG FGT IGPCPPVGP 5KNDGTPQOKPCNG ¤HHPWPIGP UKPF HÒT -QRGMGPUVÒEMG XQTIGUGJGP #WH FGO XGT\KGTVGP -QTRWU DGHKPFGP UKEJ CWEJ *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP WPF (GKPIGJCNVUUVGORGN OO I 5GJT UEJÌP
RUSSLAND • SOWJETUNION
1564
5KNDGTPG /ÒP\FQUG HÒT HKPPKUEJG 2GPPKC WPF /CTMMCC 4WPFGT -QTRWU OKV FTGK GKPIGNCUUGPGP \[NKPFTKUEJGP $GJ·NVGTP \WT #WHPCJOG FGT FTGK 5KNDGTPQOKPCNG #O 4CPF DGHKPFGP UKEJ *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP WPF (GKPIGJCNVUUVGORGN OO I 5GJT UEJÌP
1566
1565
1568
1567
5QYLGVWPKQP 4WDGN /QUMCW <NCVPKM )QNFOÒP\G 8NCFKOKTU I (GKP IQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW 5QRJKGP -CVJGFTCNG KP 0QXIQTQF I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW 5KGIGN XQP +XCP +++ XQP I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW /CTK· *KOOGNHCJTVU -CVJGFTCNG FGU -TGON KP /QUMCW I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
1569 Pa
1570 Pa
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
217
RUSSLAND â&#x20AC;¢ SOWJETUNION
1571
1572
1573
1574
4WDGN /QUMCW 4GKVGTUVCPFDKNF 2GVGTU FGU )TQÂGP KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW 4GKVGTUVCPFDKNF 2GVGTU FGU )TQÂGP KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW -KTEJG XQO JGKNKIGP 'T\GPIGN )CDTKGN KP /QUMCW I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW -KTEJG XQO JGKNKIGP 'T\GPIGN )CDTKGN KP /QUMCW I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
1575 Pa
1576 Pa
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1577 Pa
1578 Pa
1579
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN /QUMCW .GX 0KMQNCGXKE )TCH 6QNUVQL .GQ 6QNUVQL I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
218
RUSSLAND â&#x20AC;¢ SOWJETUNION
1581
1580
1582
4WDGN /QUMCW .GX 0KMQNCGXKE )TCH 6QNUVQL .GQ 6QNUVQL I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW 5V +UCCM -CVJGFTCNG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI GTDCWV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
4WDGN /QUMCW 5V +UCCM -CVJGFTCNG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI GTDCWV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
1583 Pa
1584 Pa
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1585 Pa
1586 Pa
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
1587 Pa
1588 Pa
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
4WDGN .GPKPITCF 4WUUKUEJGU $CNNGVV I HGKP (D 5EJN 2#..#&+7/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\
219
RUSSLAND â&#x20AC;¢ SOWJETUNION
1589
4GRWDNKM UGKV 4WDGN /QUMCW 2QTVT·V XQP 5GTIGL 9 4CEJOCPKPQX /WUG OKV -TCP\ I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN )1.& 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
1590
/Ã&#x2019;P\UCV\ DGUVGJGPF CWU WPF 4WDGN 5EJÃ&#x2019;V\V WPUGTG 7OYGNV #WUICDG 5GTKG +PUIGUCOV I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& +P *QN\UEJCVWNNG 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
1591
220
4WDGN 'TGOKVCIG MI (GKPUKNDGT ;GQ
+P 1TKIKPCNUEJCVWNNG 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
RUSSLAND • LOTS .165 -#+5'44'+%* 4755.#0&
&KXGTUG -WRHGTOÒP\GP FGU <GKVTCWOGU XQO -W 2QNWUEJMC DKU -W -QRGMGP XGTUEJKGFGPG /ÒP\UV·VVGP 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP
2GVGT + FGT )TQG -W -QRGMGP /# /# /# -CVJCTKPC + -W -QRGMGP /# Z #PPC -W -QRGMGP /# #NNG /ÒP\UV·VVG /QUMCW 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP
-NGKPG 5COONWPI XQP TWUUKUEJGP -WRHGTOÒP\GP \W WPF -QRGMGP UQYKG WPF -QRGMG FCTKP GPVJCNVGP 5VÒEMG CWU FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV 2GVGTU + +PVGTGUUCPVGU .QV OKV UGNVGPGP ,CJTI·PIGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP W C $TQP\G -QRGMG UQYKG ªDGTRT·IWPIGP 5VÒEM 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ
'NKUCDGVJ -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI -CVJCTKPC ++ -W -QRGMGP 5W\WP -QN[XCP HÒT 5KDKTKGP #NGZCPFGT + -W -QRGMGP 'MCVGTKPDWTI $KVMKP 4 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP
5GTKG TWUUKUEJGT 4WDGN XQP WPF &CX 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP
0KMQNCWU ++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , 2T·OKG FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV OO .GVVNCPF 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , 2T·OKG FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV OO 'UVNCPF 4GXCN $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , 2T·OKG FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV OO &·PGOCTM %JTKUVKCP +: $TQP\GOGFCKNNG L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPULWDKN·WO OO 5VÒEM /GKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ
&KXGTUG $TQP\GOGFCKNNGP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU FCTWPVGT CWEJ 5WKVGPOGFCKNNGP UQYKG GKPG <KPPOGFCKNNG 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ
5QYLGVWPKQP -QORNGVVG 5GTKG FGT UKNDGTPGP WPF 4WDGN 5VÒEMG CWH FKG /QUMCWGT 1N[ORKCFG XQP 5VÒEM UKPF Z XQTJCPFGP +PUIGUCOV I (GKPUKNDGT 5VÒEM +P 1TKIKPCNGVWKU 5VGORGNINCP\
5QYLGVWPKQP -QORNGVVG 5GTKG FGT UKNDGTPGP WPF 4WDGN 5VÒEMG CWH FKG /QUMCWGT 1N[ORKCFG XQP +PUIGUCOV I (GKPUKNDGT 5VÒEM +P 1TKIKPCNGVWKU 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
5QYLGVWPKQP 4WDGN $QNUJQK 6JGCVGT WPF /QUEQY U #TEJ ;GQ 4GRWDNKM UGKV 4WDGN 4GF $QQM 9KNFNKHG 6KIGT $NCEMKUVQP U (KUJ 1YN /QWPVCKP IQCV ;GQ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\
&KXGTUG 5KNDGTIGFGPMOÒP\GP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU XQO 4WDGN DKU \W 4WDGNP +PVGTGUUCPVGU .QV OKV UGNVGPGP #WUICDGP DKVVG DGUKEJVKIGP 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJpRQNKGTVG 2NCVVG
5COONWPI TWUUKUEJGT 2CNNCFKWOOÒP\GP \W 4WDGN FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP WPF FGT 4GRWDNKM 4WNCPF
Z #DUEJCHHWPI FGT .GKDGKIGPUEJCHV KP 4WNCPF FWTEJ <CT #NGZCPFGT ++ Z <CTKP -CVJCTKPC ++ PCEJ GKPGO )GO·NFG XQP & .GXKVUM[ Z 2QTVT·V XQP /QFGUV 2 /WUUQTIUMKL +PUIGUCOV I HGKP 5VÒEM 2#..#&+7/ +P 1TKIKPCNGVWKU 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG
1604
)'14)+'0
0KMQNCWU + #DC\K -QRGMGP 6KHNKU I $KVMKP
5GJT UEJÌP
,CJTJWPFGTV )TKXGPMC OKV FTGK XGTUEJKGFGPGP 5VGORGNGKPUEJN·IGP I -CKO UKGJG 5 5GJT UEJÌP
1605
4,#5#0
221
INDEX A
#CEJGP I[RVGP #GI[RVWU VJKQRKGP #HIJCPKUVCP #NDCPKGP #NVGPDWTI #OUVGTFCO #PFQTTC #PJCNV #SWKNGKC #TGPDGTI #TIGPVKPKGP #WIUDWTI #WUDGWVG
#WUVTCNKGP #YCFJ
B
$CEVTKC $CFGP
$CNVKMWO $CODGTI $CTEGNQPC $CUGN $CVCXKUEJG 4GRWDNKM $CVVJ[CPK $C[GTP $GJTKPIGTUFQTH $GNCIGTWPI $GUCV\WPI $GUGV\WPI $GNIKGP $GNOQPVG $GPVJGKO
222
$GTI $GTIGP 1R <QQO $GUCP¼QP $KMCPKT $ÌJOGP $QNQIPC $QPP $QWKNNQP $QWTIQIPG $TCDCPV $TCPFGPDWTI KP (TCPMGP $TCPFGPDWTI #PUDCEJ $TCPFGPDWTI $C[TGWVJ $TCPFGPDWTI 2TGWUUGP $TCUKNKGP $TCWPCW $TCWPUEJYGKI WPF .ÒPGDWTI $TGKUCEJ $TGKUICW $TGOGP $TGUNCW $TKZGP $WNICTKGP $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF $[\CP\
C
%CTNKUVGP %CTOCIPQNC %CUCNG /QPVHGTTCV %JCWNWM[CU XQP #PCJKNNCRCVCMC %JKNG %JKPC %JKVTCFWTIC %QNOCT %QOOQPYGCNVJ %QUVC 4KEC
D
&·PGOCTM &CP\KI &GWVUEJ 0GW )WKPGC &GWVUEJ 1UVCHTKMC &GWVUEJG &GOQMTCVKUEJG 4GRWDNKM &GWVUEJG -QNQPKGP &GWVUEJG /ÒP\GP CD
&GWVUEJG /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP &GWVUEJGT 1TFGP &GXGPVGT %CORGP WPF <YQNNG &QPCWYÌTVJ &QTFTGEJV &QTVOWPF &TKVVGU 4GKEJ &WKUDWTI
)WRVC
E
H
'EWCFQT 'IIGPDGTI 'KEJUV·VV 'KUGPDCJP .QMQOQVKXG 'KUNGDGP 'NDKPI 'OFGP 'PINCPF 'THWTV 'TNCPIGP 'T\IGDKTIG 'UUNKPIGP 'UVNCPF 'WTQR·KUEJG /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP
F
(GTTCTC (KPPNCPF (NCPFGTP (NQTGP\ (TCPMHWTV (TCPMTGKEJ
(TCPMTGKEJ 'NUCUU (TCPMTGKEJ (GQFCNGU (TCPMTGKEJ -CTQNKPIGT (TCPMTGKEJ -QNQPKGP (TCPMTGKEJ .QVJTKPIGP (TGKDWTI (TGKMQTRU (TGKOCWTGT (TKGFDGTI (WIIGT (WNFC
G
)CDWP )CNNKC )GIGPUVGORGN )GNFGTP )GPH
)GPWC )GQTIKGP )NCV\ )QGV\ /GFCKNNGP )QNFOÒP\GPNQVU )QTKPEJGO )QUNCT )TKGEJGPNCPF )TQUUDTKVCPPKGP
*CDUDWTIKUEJG 'TDNCPFG ¤UVGTTGKEJ *CNDGTUVCFV *CNFGPUVGKP *CODWTI *CPCW *CPPQXGT *CYCKK *GPPGDGTI *GUUGP *QEJ\GKV 8GTO·JNWPI *QJGPNQJG *QJGP\QNNGTP *QJPUVGKP *QNUVGKP 5EJCWGPDWTI *QODWTI *QPFWTCU *QPI -QPI *QQTP *[FGTCDCF
I
+PFKGP +QPKC +TCP +TNCPF +UGPDWTI +VCNKGP
J
,·IGTPFQTH ,CRCP ,GTUG[ ,GXGT ,QJCPPKVGT CWH 4JQFQU WPF /CNVC ,ÒNKEJ -NGXG $GTI ,WIQUNCYKGP
223
K
/GFCKNNGWTG
-CODQFUEJC -CPCFC -CWHDGWTGP -GNVGP -GORVGP -JGXGPJÒNNGT /GVUEJ -KTEJGPUVCCV -ÌNP -QNWODKGP -QPUVCP\ -QTDCEJ -TGOPKV\ -TGW\HCJTGT -TQCVKGP -WDC -WUJCP
L
.CWGPDWTI .GUDQU .GVVNCPF .GWEJVGPDGTI .G[FGP .KGEJVGPUVGKP .KGIPKV\ $TKGI .KPFCW .KRRG .KVCWGP .KXN·PFKUEJGT 1TFGP .ÌYGPUVGKP .QODCTFGK .WEEC .ÒDGEM .ÒPGDWTI .ÒVVKEJ .WHVHCJTV .WZGODWTI .[FKC
M
/CEGFQPKC /CIFGDWTI /CKNCPF /CKP\ /CNVC /CPUHGNF /CPVWC /CTMFQTH /CTUDGTI /GEMNGPDWTI /GFCKNNGP
224
#DGGNG 2 XCP #DQPFKQ # #DTCJCO , #DTCOUQP # #F\GT & , #JNDQTP . #NGZGLGY 9 #TDKGP / ) $ / $CIIG , $CTCPQX 8 $CTFWNGEM / $CTTG , , $CWGTV , ' $GTI 2
$G\TQFPQ[ 8 $KCPEJK ( $NWO , $QDTQXUEJKMQX 2 $ÌTUEJ # $QP\CIPC ( $QTPGRQJN ( $QX[ * WPF 4 $TCDCPFV ' $TCPFV * ( $TGPGV 0 $TWUPKVU[P 2 $ÒEMNG , / $WUEJ , %JT $WUUQP # %CTN / %JTKUVGPUGP % %JWMOCUQX + %QEEKQNC ( %TQMGT , &CFNGT 5 &CPHTKG 2 &CUUKGT , &QEMNGT & 5 &ÌNN , 8 &QPPGT / &WXKXKGT , &WXKXKGT 2 5 $ 'DGTNGKP ) 'PJÌTPKPI % (CDTKU Fʼn7FKPG # (GEJGT ( (TGWPF * ' )CUU , $ )CVVGCWZ 0 )KCPGNNK 2 . )KTQOGVVK )
)NÌEMNGT 1 )QGFGEMG 2 * )QGV\ ) )QGV\ - )ÌV\G / )QWKP 5 )TKNNKEJGU # )WDG * *.6 *CUGTQVJ % ( *CWVUEJ ) *GEJV *GFNKPIGT , % *GNHTKEJV *KNMGP + ( *ÌJP , *ÌTPNGKP ( 9 *QNO , , *QNV\JG[ / *WOOGN # + - +YCPQHH 6 ,CGIGT , % ) ,CEQDUQP 5 ,CJP % ,CNG[ . ,WFKP 5 - 5 -CNCUJPKMQX 1 -GVVGNGT ' -KVVGN ) 9 -KVVGN , -NGRKMQY # -QEJ -ÌPKI # -QNNGT 5 -Q\KP 0 -TCHHV / -ÒEJNGT 4 -WTPCVQYUMK / -WEJMKP / .CPIG - .CX[ # .CWGT 9GTMUVCVV .CWHHGT . ) .GDGTGEJV % .ÌUEJ , .QQH , .QQU & ( .QQU ( 9 .QQU ) ( .QQU - ( .QTGP\ * .[CNKP # /CNGT % /CV\GPMQRH ( /CWIGT , /GTECPFGVVK 6 /GUEJGT[CMQX 2
/G[DWUEJ #
/KNKE\ 0KEMGN 9GTMUVCVV /ÌNNGT % # /ÌTKMQHGT + / /QNQ ) / 5 /ÒNNGT %JT ' /ÒNNGT 2 * 0GWUU , , 0KMQPQX 8 0ÒTPDGTIGT 2 ) 1GZNGKP % & 1GZNGKP , . 2CTKUG ' 2GVGTUGP 2 2HGWHHGT %JT 2KPIQ 6 4CPEGVVK ) 4GKEJ , %JT 4GKPJCTV F *
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Präsentieren Sie Ihre private Münzsammlung im richtigen Licht ob in Buchform oder auf CD wir liefern Ihnen die perfekte Lösung dazu
Seit über 30 Jahren sind wir die Spezialisten für Münzaufnahmen lübke + wiedemann DIGITALE FOTOGRAFIE
Sommerhaldenstr. 10A D-70195 Stuttgart
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236
Tel: (+49) 0711/697520 Fax: (+49) 0711/6990854 e-mail: luebke.wiedemann@t-online.de
NUMISMATISCHE AUSDRÜCKE EXPRESSIONS NUMISMATIQUES NUMISMATIC TERMS TERMINI DI NUMISMATICA DEUTSCH
ENGLISCH
FRANÇAIS
ITALIANO
Abschlag Am Rand Berieben Blei Dezentriert Doppelschlag Einfassung Einseitig Emailliert Erhaltung Etwas Exemplar Fassungsspuren Fehlprägung Feld(er) Fundexemplar Gedenkmünze Geglättet Gelocht Geprägt Gewellt Goldpatina Hübsch Jahrh. = Jahrhundert. Kl. = klein Korrosionsspuren Kratzer Kupfer Legierung Leicht(e) l. = links Min. = minimal Nachahmung Prachtexemplar Prägeschwäche Randdelle Randfehler Randschrift r. = rechts Rückseite Schriftspuren Schrötling Schrötlingsfehler Schwach ausgeprägt Selten in dieser Erhaltung Seltener Jahrgang Stempel Stempelfehler Überdurchschnittlich erhalten Überprägt Unediert Unikum Vergoldet Von aller größter Seltenheit Vorderseite Winz.= winzig Zain Zierrand Zinn Ziseliert
struck at the rim/border slightly polished lead uncentered double struck frame uniface enamelled condition/preservation slightly specimen, copy trace of mounting mis-strike field(s) specimen from a hoard commemorative coin tooled holed minted bent golden patina attractive century small traces of corrosion scratch(es) copper alloy slightly left minimal imitation attractive, perfect piece weakly struck edge nick edge faults lettered edge to right reverse traces of inscription flan flan defect weakly struck rare in this condition rare year die(s) mistake in the die extraordinary condition overstruck unpublished unique specimen gilt extremely rare head tiny flan ornamental border tin chased
frappe en tranche frotté plomb decentré double frappe encadrement uniface émaillé conservation un peu exemplaire traces de monture défaut de frappe champ de trésor monnaie commemorative lissé troué frappé ondulé patine dorée joli siécle petit traces de corrosion rayure cuivre alliace légère gauche minimal imitation pièce magnifique de frappe molle défaut sur la tranche erreur sur la tranche inscription sur la tranche droite revers traces de légende flan Flan défectueux de frappe molle conservation rare année rare coin erreur de frappe conservation extraordinaire surfrappé inédit pièce unique doré très rare en face petit flan tranche ornée étain ciselé
coniazione al bordo trattato piombo non centrato ribattitura cornice uniface smaltato conservazione un poco esemplare tracce di montatura difetto di coniazione campo da tesoretto moneta commemorativa liscio bucato coniato ondolato patina d´oro carino secolo piccolo segni di corrosione graffio(i) rame lega leggero sinistra minimamente contraffazzione esemplare magnifico conio stanco ammaccatura al bordo errore nel bordo inscrizione sul bordo destra rovescio tracce di leggenda tondello errore di tondello conio stanco conservazione rara annata rara conio errore di conio conservazione estraordinaria ribattuto inedito pezzo unico dorato di estrema raritá diritto veramente piccolo tondello taglio ornato stagno cesellato
237
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF AUCTION The auction is conducted on behalf and for the account of the appropiate proprietors of the goods and is subject to the federal Auction Regulation (Versteigerungsordnung, BGB1 I 1976, 1346) published in the Federal Law GazetteVol. I, 1976, 1346 and the relevant provisions for factors in accordance with the German Cicil Code (BGB) and Commercial Code (HGB). Payment of the hammer-price has to be made in cash and in Euro. The submission of an offer implies the express acknowledgement of these Terms and Conditions of Auction; the same applies to the submission of an offer in writing. The hammer-price is exclusive of applicable German VAT according to the prevailing VAT – legislation and represents the basis for calculating the surcharge of 15 percent payable by the puchaser. The total price so calculated (hammerprice plus surcharge) is subject to the reduced VAT (value added tax=Mehrwertsteuer) of 7 per cent as presently applicable, which is payabel additionally. The reduced VAT applies also to paper-money. Gold coins for which the hammer-price plus surcharge is less than two and ohne half times the intrinsic gold price, are subject to the normal VAT rate of presently 19 per cent. The same applies to historical bonds. Gold coins which are considered as a gold investment are free of VAT. Purchasers from abroad will be charged a surcharge of 15 per cent net on the hammer-price, provided the export of the coins is undertaken by the auctioneer. Buyers in European Community (EEC) countries (other than Germany) will be charged Value Added Tax at the rates prevailing in Germany. Dealers from EEC countries (other than Germany) will receive goods free of tax upon presentation of their VAT I.D. number, and upon fulfillment of the other conditions set forth in Paragraph 4, Nr. 1 b, and Paragraph 6 a of the GermanTurnover Tax Law. Buyers from other countries are not charged Value Added Tax. Delivery will be made against payment in Euro with no bank charges to the auctioneer. Unless mutually agreed otherwise, payment of the auction bill from purchasers present at the auction is due immediately. From purchaser who have submitted a bid in writing, payment is due within 20 days after receipt of the goods. Defaulted payments shall bear an interest charge of 1 % per month in the amount in default. Should payment to the auctioneer not be made immediately or should the acceptance of the awardet item be refused, such item shall not be handed overt to the purchaser. Instead the purchaser shall forfeit all right and title in and to such item from the award and the item may again be put to auction at this buyer’s cost. In this event the buyer shall be liable for any shortfall, while he shall have no right or claim towards any excess proceeds. An item will be knocked down after the highest bid has been called three times. The award shall be a binding commitment and liability on the part of the bidder to take acceptance and delivery of the item or items so awarded. In the event of any dispute with regard to the award the lot will be put up again for bidding. The auctioneer reserves the right to combine or to seperate lots. Lots will not be called out of sequence. Access to the auction will only be permitted to interested persons who are in possession of the catalogue.
price or prices for a given lot, the bid first received by the auctioneer shall be given the award. Unlimited bids shall not oblige the auctioneer to consider, accept or carry out such order. Telephone bidding is generally an option for lots of substantial value only. The registration is required at the latest a day before auction. Shipment (by mail or otherwise) of the goods shall be for the sole cost and risk of the purchaser or receipient, resp. The auctioned goods remain the sole and exclusiv property of the vendor until full payment and settlement of any and all dues and claims in connection with the auction. In the event the purchaser is a merchant (in the sende of the German commercial laws) Osnabrück shall be the agreed and exclusive place of jurisdiction. The competence of the District Court (Amtsgericht) of Osnabrück is agreed in respect of summary proceedings for the collection of defaulted payments (Mahnverfahren) as well as in any and all other cases. Should the purchaser not be a merchant Osnabrück shall be the place of jurisdiction with the District Court of Osnabrück’s competence, if only the auctioneer has his ordinary legal domicil in the Federal Republic of Germany or if claims are made by way of summary proceedings of collection (Mahnverfahren) or if the defendant has moved his ordinary legal domicil outside the jurisdiction of the Federal Republik of Germany or if the legal domicil of the defendant is unknown to the auctioneer at the time of filing a suit. To the exclusion of any other legislation German law, as in force at the time, shall be applied for the settlement of any and all legal or judicial matters. The specifications and descriptions in the catalogue have been prepared diligently and in good faith do, however, not constitute the acceptance by the auctioneer of any warranty or liability in respect of defect in material or title. The state of preservation of items is strictly assessed in accordance with the grades accepted by the German coin trade and only represents an individual and personal assessment. Purchasers present at the auction acquire items strictly on the basis of “as is where is” and “as inspected”. In view of the opportunity of prior inspection to ascertain the state and condition of the auction lots, complaints and objections made after the sale will only be considered, if by obvious error or mistake loop or traces or moutings, traces of trimmings or settings, or the plugging of a hole (eyelet) have remained unnoticed. If and when auctioned in lots, the quantities of individual pieces given, only represent an approximate figure. An error in the allocation of indivdual pieces to a certain lot cannot be excluded. Such lots are, therefore, excluded from any complaintes or objections after the lot is knocked down. In the event of disputes or complaints as to the quality of an item the auctioneer may call upon a gernerally sworn expert of the trade, which the auctioneer may choose at his sole discretin, for assessment an the rendering of a decision as to the justification of such dispute or complaint. The costs of such expert shall be borne by the party loosing the dispute according to the expert’s decision. Complaints or objections, if justified, will only be considered if made and received by the auctioneer within 8 days after the auction or after receipt the lots, respectively. The authenticity of the coins is warranted. Warranted up to the total purchase price. The prices set out in the catalogue are estimates only, which may bei exceeded or undercut. Orders for less than 80 per cent of the estimated price cannot accepted.
The minimum rates of increase for the bidding procedure are: for minimum offers
minimum increase rate
Purchasers from abroad will have to observe all applicable laws and regulations in respect of foreign exchange, customs duties and taxation of their country. The auctioneer will only dischare such formalities, which have to be observed, in the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with the export of the purchased item(s).
up to
€ 100,--
€ 5,--
up to
€ 300,--
€ 10,--
up to
€ 1.000,--
€ 20,--
up to
€ 1.500,--
€ 50,--
Unless stipulated otherwise herein, the general rules regulations for auctions applicable in Germany shall govern any transaction in respect of the auction; German Law shall also be applicable in relation to purchasers form abroad. Only the German text has legal forde.
up to
€ 3.000,--
€ 100,--
Shipment to foreign countries and shipment of books we charge upon expenses.
up to
€ 10.000,--
€ 200,--
The prices realized will be published in the form of a list immediately after the auction.
up to
€ 20.000,--
€ 500,--
above
€ 20.000,--
€ 1.000,--
Orders submitted in writing will be carried out diligently and without charge of an extra commission. Orders from collectors unknown to the auctioneer can only be accepted and carried out if a deposit or references to the satisfaction on the auctioneer are given. To be bindingly accepted, written bids need to be received at least 24 hours befor auction. If necessary, the auctioneer is alloweed to increase the bids by 3-5%. Should several bids be obtained in writing bidding the same
THE AUCTIONEERS:
FRITZ RUDOLF KÜNKER DR. ANDREAS KAISER ARNE KIRSCH OLIVER KÖPP
VERSTEIGERUNGSBEDINGUNGEN Die Versteigerung erfolgt im Auftrag und für Rechnung der Eigentümer unter Einhaltung der sich aus der Versteigerungsordnung (BGB1 I 1976, 1346) ergebenden und für Kommissionäre geltenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des BGB und HGB gegen Barzahlung des Kaufpreises in €-Währung. Durch Abgabe eines Gebotes werden die Versteigerungsbedingungen anerkannt, dies gilt auch für die schriftlichen Gebote. Der Zuschlagpreis ist Nettopreis im Sinne des Mehrwertsteuergesetzes und bildet die Berechnungsgrundlage für das vom Käufer zu zahlende Aufgeld in Höhe von 15 %. Auf den daraus entstehenden Gesamtpreis (Zuschlag + Aufgeld) wird die zur Zeit gültige, ermäßigte Mehrwertsteuer von 7 % erhoben. Papiergeld unterliegt ebenfalls dem ermäßigten Steuersatz. Goldmünzen, bei denen Zuschlagpreis und Aufgeld geringer ist als das zweieinhalbfache des Metallpreises, unterliegen dem normalen Mehrwertsteuersatz von zur Zeit 19%, ebenso historische Wertpapiere. Goldmünzen, die als Anlagegold gelten, sind mehrwertsteuerfrei. Ausländischen Käufern aus Ländern der europäischen Gemeinschaft wird die in Deutschlang gültige Umsatzsteuer berechnet. Anderen ausländischen Käufern (aus Drittländern) wird, sofern die Münzen durch uns exportiert werden, ein Aufgeld von 15 % netto auf den Zuschlagpreis berechnet; sie erhalten die Lieferung nur gegen Zahlung des Kaufpreises in € - Währung, bankspesenfrei. Ausländischen Münzhändlern aus Ländern der europäischen Gemeinschaft wird bei Nachweis der Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer (§ 27 a USTG) und der sonstigen Voraussetzungen gemäß § 4 Nr. 1 b USTG in Verbindung mit § 6 a USTG die Lieferung ohne Umsatzsteuer berechnet. Sofern nichts anderes vereinbart wird, ist die Zahlung der Auktionsrechnung bei anwesenden Käufern sofort, bei schriftlichen Bietern spätestens 20 Tage nach Erhalt fällig. Bei Zahlungsverzug werden Zinsen von 1 % pro Monat berechnet. Wird die Zahlung nicht sofort an den Versteigerer geleistet oder die Abnahme der zugeschlagenen Sache verweigert, so findet die Übergabe der Sache an den Ersteigerer nicht statt. Der Ersteigerer verliert vielmehr seine Rechte aus dem Zuschlag, und die Sache kann auf seine Kosten erneut versteigert werden. In diesem Fall haftet der Ersteigerer für den Ausfall, dagegen hat er auf dem Mehrerlös keinen Anspruch. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaligem Ausruf des höchsten Gebotes und verpflichtet zur Abnahme und Zahlung. Bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten über den Zuschlag wird die Nummer noch einmal ausgerufen. Der Versteigerer ist berechtigt, Nummern zu vereinigen oder zu trennen. Eine Vorausnahme von Nummern erfolgt nicht. Der Zutritt zur Versteigerung ist nur Interessenten gestattet, die einen Katalog besitzen. Die Mindeststeigerungsstufen für das Bietungsverfahren betragen: Mindestangebote
werden. Schriftliche Gebote können nur bis 24 Stunden vor Auktionsbeginn verbindlich berücksichtigt werden. Im Bedarfsfall ist der Auktionator berechtigt, die Limits um 3 – 5 % zu überschreiten. Bei mehreren gleichhohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene den Zuschlag. Unlimitierte Aufträge haben keinen Anspruch auf unbedingte Ausführung. Telefonisches Bieten ist nur in Ausnahmefällen möglich. Telefonische Bieter müssen sich mindestens einen Tag vor der Auktion voranmelden. Der Versand geht zu Lasten und auf Risiko des Ersteigerers bzw. Empfängers. Das Auktionsgut bleibt bis zur vollständigen Bezahlung aller Forderungen aus Anlaß der Versteigerung Eigentum des Verkäufers. Ist der Käufer Vollkaufmann, so ist Osnabrück als Gerichtsstand vereinbart. Für das Mahnverfahren gilt die Zuständigkeit des Amtsgerichts Osnabrück auch in allen anderen Fällen als vereinbart. Ansonsten ist es Osnabrück nur, wenn nur die Firma Fritz Rudolf Künker ihren allgemeinen Gerichtsstand in der BRD hat, oder wenn alle Ansprüche im Wege des Mahnverfahrens geltend gemacht werden, oder wenn die im Klageweg in Anspruch zu nehmende Vertragspartei nach Vertragsabschluß ihren gewöhnlichen Aufenthaltsort aus dem Geltungsbereich der BRD verlegt hat, oder ihr Wohnsitz oder gewöhnlicher Aufenthaltsort zum Zeitpunkt der Klage nicht bekannt ist. Die Beschreibung im Katalog ist gewissenhaft durchgeführt. Sie begründet jedoch keine Rechts- oder Sachmängelhaftung gemäß §§ 434, 459 ff BGB. Die Angabe der Erhaltung ist streng nach den im deutschen Münzhandel üblichen Erhaltungseinstufungen vorgenommen und gilt als persönliche Beurteilung. Bei der Auktion anwesende Käufer kaufen grundsätzlich „wie besehen“. Da durch Vorbesichtigung Gelegenheit gegeben ist, sich vom Erhaltungszustand des Versteigerungsgutes zu überzeugen, können nach erfolgtem Zuschlag Reklamationen nur bei irrtümlich übersehener Henkel- oder Fassungsspur oder gestopftem Loch berücksichtigt werden. Bei Losen mit mehreren Stücken sind die Stückzahlen nur Circa-Angaben, irrtümliche Zuschreibungen sind im Einzelfall nicht ausgeschlossen. Diese Lose sind nach erfolgtem Zuschlag von jeder Reklamation ausgeschlossen. Der Versteigerer kann bei eventuellen Meinungsverschiedenheiten bzw. Beanstandungen einen vereidigten Sachverständiger seiner Wahl (die Kosten trägt der unterliegende Teil) beauftragen. Eventuelle Beanstandungen können nur innerhalb von 8 Tagen nach der Auktion bzw. nach Erhalt der ersteigerten Stücke berücksichtigt werden. Die Echtheit der Stücke wird bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises garantiert. Die beigedruckten Preise sind Schätzpreise, die unter- oder überschritten werden können. Aufträge, die unter 80 % des Schätzpreises liegen, können nicht bearbeitet werden.
Ausländische Kunden kaufen nach den Devisen-, Zoll- und Steuerbestimmungen ihres Landes. Versandformalitäten werden vom Versteigerer erledigt.
Mindeststeigerungsstufe Soweit nicht anders vermerkt, gelten im übrigen die allgemeinen Versteigerungsbestimmungen und – auch im Verhältnis zu ausländischen Kunden – gilt Deutsches Recht.
bis zu
€ 100,--
€ 5,--
bis zu
€ 300,--
€ 10,--
bis zu
€ 1.000,--
€ 20,--
Für Büchersendungen und Sendungen ins Ausland werden Versandkosten nach Aufwand in Rechnung gestellt.
bis zu
€ 1.500,--
€ 50,--
Die Ergebnisliste erscheint sofort nach der Auktion.
bis zu
€ 3.000,--
€ 100,--
bis zu
€ 10.000,--
€ 200,--
bis zu
€ 20.000,--
€ 500,--
ab
€ 20.000,--
€ 1.000,--
DIE VERSTEIGERER:
FRITZ RUDOLF KÜNKER DR. ANDREAS KAISER ARNE KIRSCH OLIVER KÖPP
Schriftliche Aufträge werden von uns ohne Auftragsprovision gewissenhaft ausgeführt. Aufträge von uns unbekannten Sammlern können nur ausgeführt werden, wenn ein Depot hinterlegt wird oder Referenzen benannt
NUMISMATISCHE BEARBEITUNG FOTOS LAYOUT DRUCK
Alexandra Spreu, Dr. Sebastian Steinbach, Jens Ulrich Thormann M. A., Manuela Weiß Lübke & Wiedemann, Stuttgart danner pc - gesteuerte systeme waiblingen media-print, Paderborn Jeglicher Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, bedarf der Genehmigung des Auktionshauses
BANKVERBINDUNGEN DEUTSCHE BANK OSNABRÜCK DRESDNER BANK OSNABRÜCK SPARKASSE OSNABRÜCK VOLKSBANK BORGLOH-HILTER E. G. BANKHAUS LAMPE KG BIELEFELD POSTBANK HANNOVER CREDIT SUISSE
BLZ 265 700 90, Konto 0 177 006 BLZ 265 800 70, Konto 780 520 200 BLZ 265 501 05, Konto 247 320 BLZ 265 624 90, Konto 1 200 222 400 BLZ 480 201 51, Konto 174 076 BLZ 250 100 30, Konto 2900 60 - 308 Konto 135 494 - 42 - 1
Zahlungen aus dem Ausland - Foreign payments SPARKASSE OSNABRÜCK DEUTSCHE BANK OSNABRÜCK POSTBANK HANNOVER CREDIT CARDS
IBAN: DE50 2655 0105 0000 2473 20 SWIFT-CODE: NOLADE22XXX IBAN: DE11 2657 0090 0017 7006 00 SWIFT-CODE: DEUTDE3B265 IBAN: DE73 2501 0030 0290 0603 08 SWIFT-CODE: PBNKDEFF We do accept VISA and MASTERCARD Service charge: 4,5 %
ERHALTUNGS- UND SELTENHEITSGRADE ERHALTUNGSGRADE/ GRADING TERMS DEGRÉS DE CONSERVATION GRADI DI CONSERVAZIONE
SELTENHEITSGRADE
240
Polierte Platte Proof
Flan bruni Fondo specchio
Stempelglanz Uncirculated
Fleur de coin Fior di conio
Vorzüglich Extremely fine
Superbe Splendido
Sehr schön Very fine
Très beau Bellissimo
Schön Fine
Beau Molto Bello
Gering erhalten Very good
Très bien conservé Bello
R = Selten Von großer Seltenheit
RR = Sehr selten Von größter Seltenheit